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a system for determining the logic state of a resistive memory cell element , for example an mram resistive cell element . the system includes a controlled voltage supply , an electronic charge reservoir , a current source , and a pulse counter . the controlled voltage supply is connected to the resistive memory cell element to maintain a constant voltage across the resistive element . the charge reservoir is connected to the voltage supply to provide a current through the resistive element . the current source is connected to the charge reservoir to repeatedly supply a pulse of current to recharge the reservoir upon depletion of electronic charge from the reservoir , and the pulse counter provides a count of the number of pulses supplied by the current source over a predetermined time . the count represents a logic state of the memory cell element . | 6 |
a monitoring apparatus having an obstacle - detecting system comprises a plurality of detecting devices fastened on the object , an evaluation unit and an optical display device . for the purpose of displaying the surrounding situation more effectively , the fields of view of two neighbouring detecting devices intersect , the individual images of these detecting devices are combined to form an overall image , and the object can be projected on the display device into the overall image and can be displayed as part of the overall image . | 7 |
a watercraft has an overturn detector . the detector communicates with a controller to prevent a false overturn signal . the controller does not act on overturn signals when the watercraft is operating above a preset engine speed associated with planning mode . the controller stops the engine when the overturn signal persists for longer than a predetermined period of time while the engine is operating below the preset engine speed . the controller also monitors the overturn detector for failure . in the event of a failure during engine starting , the engine is allowed to run while the operator is alerted . in the event of a failure during engine operation , the engine is stopped and the operator is alerted if the watercraft is not in planing mode . if the failure during engine operation occurs when the watercraft is in planing mode , the operator is alerted but the engine is not stopped . | 5 |
an apparatus for transferring paper sheets includes a supply device which supplies sheets , a supply unit which is provided as part of the supply device and forms a supply outlet through which the sheets are ejected , a receiving device which is connected to the supply device in such a manner as to be vertically movable relative to the supply device , and a receiving unit which is provided as part of the receiving device and forms a receiving inlet by which the sheets are received , wherein one of the supply unit and the receiving unit is configured to be vertically movable , and changes a vertical position thereof in response to relative positional relationship between the supply device and the receiving device . | 1 |
The study presents a concise overview on the main effects on satellites due to space weather drivers compared to the well-known interplanetary, magnetospheric and ground-based consequences. The solar-activity-driven influences include specific physics-based effects on the spacecraft surface and on-board electronics due to electromagnetic emission and energetic particles as well as complex effects due to geomagnetic storms which may endanger the mission performance and spacecraft longevity. We select as test examples the Starlink satellites in the period 2019–2022 and present the temporal correspondence between their launches and the space weather phenomena. Based on comparative analysis, we discuss whether the occurrence vs. the intensity of solar and interplanetary drivers of space weather can be considered as a cause for orbital stability problems and satellite loss. The results suggest that a sequence of geomagnetic disturbances together with multiple weak space weather events could lead to severe levels of atmospheric drag ending in a service or satellite loss. | 9 |
This release of the List of Paris Bibles in the World contains 300+ copies found in global collections. It supersedes https://zenodo.org/record/7274507 (10.5281/zenodo.7274507) | 9 |
device for conveying single sheets or a shingled sheet stream in a feeder region of a sheet - processing machine of a conveyor table equipped with at least one endless conveyor belt , and at least two rotatably supported deflection rollers over which the conveyor belt is guided , the conveyor belt being disposed so as to convey the sheets in a region between a sheet pile and front stops , wherefrom the sheets are transferable to a further processing location of the sheet - processing machine , includes a motor for driving the conveyor belt uncoupled from the sheet - processing machine , and a computer and control device for triggering the motor with a predetermined velocity profile exhibiting a velocity change as a function of an angular position of the sheet - processing machine ; and method of operating the sheet - conveying device . | 1 |
the novel c dialdehyde compound which can be efficiently utilized in the synthesis of carotenoid compounds based on the sulfone chemistry , the preparation method of the same , and the expeditious and practical synthetic processes for lycopene and β - carotene by the use of the above novel compound are disclosed . the syntheses of lycopene and β - carotene are characterized by the processes of the coupling reaction between two equivalents of geranyl sulfone or cyclic geranyl sulfone and the above c dialdehyde , the functional group transformation reactions of the diol in the resulting c 40 coupling products to x &# 39 ; s , and the double elimination reactions of the functional groups of the benzenesulfonyl and x to produce the fully conjugated polyene chain of the carotenoids . | 2 |
a method of calibrating a polar amplification stage including a main signal path and a magnitude signal path , the method comprising : generating signals for the main signal path and the magnitude signal path for operating an amplifier between a linear mode of operation and a saturated mode of operation ; detecting first and second peaks in a signal at the output of the amplifier representing transitions between the linear and saturated modes of operation ; and adjusting the timing in one of the main signal path and the amplitude signal path in dependence on a relative difference between the size of the detected first and second peaks . | 7 |
this invention provides a disposable contact lens package comprising a base having a top surface and a recessed well having a perimeter in the top surface , said well for holding said contact lens therein , said top surface comprising a raised seal volume surrounding said perimeter of said recessed well said raised surface having a cross - sectional shape comprising two linear sides that intersect the horizontal plane at angles alpha and beta , respectively , wherein angles alpha and beta independently have values from 125 to 170 degrees ; and wherein said package further comprises a removable lidstock sealed to said raised seal volume . | 1 |
During the Spitzer Space Telescope cryogenic mission, astronomers obtained Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) observations of hundreds of debris disk candidates that have been compiled in the Spitzer IRS Debris Disk Catalog. We have discovered 10 and/or 20 μm silicate emission features toward 120 targets in the catalog and modeled the IRS spectra of these sources, consistent with MIPS 70 μm observations, assuming that the grains are composed of silicates (olivine, pyroxene, forsterite, and enstatite) and are located either in a continuous disk with power-law size and surface density distributions or thin rings that are well-characterized using two separate dust grain temperatures. For systems better fit by the continuous disk model, we find that (1) the dust size distribution power-law index is consistent with that expected from a collisional cascade, q = 3.5-4.0, with a large number of values outside this range, and (2) the minimum grain size, a <SUB>min</SUB>, increases with stellar luminosity, L <SUB>*</SUB>, but the dependence of a <SUB>min</SUB> on L <SUB>*</SUB> is weaker than expected from radiation pressure alone. In addition, we also find that (3) the crystalline fraction of dust in debris disks evolves as a function of time with a large dispersion in crystalline fractions for stars of any particular stellar age or mass, (4) the disk inner edge is correlated with host star mass, and (5) there exists substantial variation in the properties of coeval disks in Sco-Cen, indicating that the observed variation is probably due to stochasticity and diversity in planet formation. | 9 |
We present the analysis of the entire HARPS observations of three stars that host planetary systems: HD 1461, HD 40307, and HD 204313. The data set spans eight years and contains more than 200 nightly averaged velocity measurements for each star. This means that it is sensitive to both long-period and low-mass planets and also to the effects induced by stellar activity cycles. We modelled the data using Keplerian functions that correspond to planetary candidates and included the short- and long-term effects of magnetic activity. A Bayesian approach was taken both for the data modelling, which allowed us to include information from activity proxies such as log R'<SUB>HK</SUB> in the velocity modelling, and for the model selection, which permitted determining the number of significant signals in the system. The Bayesian model comparison overcomes the limitations inherent to the traditional periodogram analysis. We report an additional super-Earth planet in the HD 1461 system. Four out of the six planets previously reported for HD 40307 are confirmed and characterised. We discuss the remaining two proposed signals. In particular, we show that when the systematic uncertainty associated with the techniques for estimating model probabilities are taken into account, the current data are not conclusive concerning the existence of the habitable-zone candidate HD 40307 g. We also fully characterise the Neptune-mass planet that orbits HD 204313 in 34.9 days. <P />Based on observations made with the HARPS instrument on the ESO 3.6 m telescope at La Silla Observatory under the GTO programme ID 072.C-0488, and its continuation programmes ID 183.C-0972, 091.C-0936, and 192.C-0852.Full Tables 3, 6, and 10 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/585/A134">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/585/A134</A> | 9 |
We present a study of the ultra-faint Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxy Tucana II using deep photometry from the 1.3 m SkyMapper telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. The SkyMapper filter set contains a metallicity-sensitive intermediate-band V filter covering the prominent Ca II K feature at 3933.7 Å. When combined with photometry from the SkyMapper u, g, and I filters, we demonstrate that V-band photometry can be used to obtain stellar metallicities with a precision of ∼0.20 dex when [Fe/H] > -2.5, and ∼0.34 dex when [Fe/H] < -2.5. Since the u and V filters bracket the Balmer Jump at 3646 Å, we also find that the filter set can be used to derive surface gravities. We thus derive photometric metallicities and surface gravities for all stars down to a magnitude of g ∼ 20 within ∼75' of Tucana II. Photometric metallicity and surface gravity cuts remove nearly all foreground contamination. By incorporating Gaia proper motions, we derive quantitative membership probabilities that recover all known members of the red giant branch of Tucana II. Additionally, we identify multiple likely new members in the center of the system, as well as candidate members several half-light radii from the center of the system. Finally, we present a metallicity distribution function derived from the photometric metallicities of likely Tucana II members. This result demonstrates the utility of wide-field imaging with the SkyMapper filter set in studying ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, and in general, low surface brightness populations of metal-poor stars. Upcoming work will clarify the membership status of several distant stars identified as candidate members of Tucana II. | 9 |
a method of compressed sensing imaging includes acquiring a sparse digital image b , said image comprising a plurality of intensities corresponding to an i - dimensional grid of points , initializing points , y ), wherein x is an element of a first expanded image x defined by b = rφ − 1 x , wherein r is a fourier transform matrix , φ is a wavelet transform matrix , y is a point in ∂ ) 2 ) 1 / 2 , ∇ i is a forward finite difference operator for a i th coordinate , and k is an iteration counter ; calculating a first auxiliary variable s from x - τ 1 + φ r * - b ) ) , wherein τ 1 , α are predetermined positive scalar constants , the sum is over all points n in x , and l * is an adjoint of operator l =; calculating a second auxiliary variable t n from y n + τ 2 l n φ − 1 x , wherein τ 2 is a predetermined positive scalar constant ; updating x from sign ) max |− τ 1 β }, wherein β is a predetermined positive scalar constant ; and updating y n from min { 1 τ 2 , t n ( k ) 2 } t n ( k ) t n ( k ) 2 . | 6 |
a bow hanger for hanging bows and hunting equipment from a tree or pole . the bow hanger differs from prior art in that the bow hanger is collapsible into a smaller length package than prior art . also the bow hangar arm can be adjusted for height without disturbing the means of attaching to a tree or pole . | 5 |
methods and techniques to increase the reliability of detecting virus infections , particularly lymphotropism , to eliminate false negative reactions in testing blood for the presence of lymphotropic viruses during enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction testing , and to better detect viruses with lymphotropism in biological materials having a concentration of virus particles lower than the sensitivity threshold of existing eia and pcr methods , thereby making the techniques of the present invention more reliable . | 2 |
Type II solar radio bursts show frequency drifts from high to low over time. They have been known as a signature of coronal shock associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and/or flares, which cause an abrupt change in the space environment near the Earth (space weather). Therefore, early detection of type II bursts is important for forecasting of space weather. In this study, we develop a deep-learning (DL) model for the automatic detection of type II bursts. For this purpose, we adopted a 1-D Convolution Neutral Network (CNN) as it is well-suited for processing spatiotemporal information within the applied data set. We utilized a total of 286 radio burst spectrum images obtained by Hiraiso Radio Spectrograph (HiRAS) from 1991 and 2012, along with 231 spectrum images without the bursts from 2009 to 2015, to recognizes type II bursts. The burst types were labeled manually according to their spectra features in an answer table. Subsequently, we applied the 1-D CNN technique to the spectrum images using two filter windows with different size along time axis. To develop the DL model, we randomly selected 412 spectrum images (80%) for training and validation. The train history shows that both train and validation losses drop rapidly, while train and validation accuracies increased within approximately 100 epoches. For evaluation of the model's performance, we used 105 test images (20%) and employed a contingence table. It is found that false alarm ratio (FAR) and critical success index (CSI) were 0.14 and 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed above result by adopting five-fold cross-validation method, in which we re-sampled five groups randomly. The estimated mean FAR and CSI of the five groups were 0.05 and 0.87, respectively. For experimental purposes, we applied our proposed model to 85 HiRAS type II radio bursts listed in the NGDC catalogue from 2009 to 2016 and 184 quiet (no bursts) spectrum images before and after the type I bursts. As a result, our model successfully detected 79 events (93%) of type II events. This results demonstrates, for the first time, that the 1-D CNN algorithm is useful for detecting type II bursts. | 9 |
Matlab object-oriented finite element kit | 9 |
the present invention relates to a probe for measuring the thickness of thin non - ferromagnetic layers on a ferromagnetic base , with a spherical sector consisting of a ground ball bearing ball , with a pin - like fastener connected to the bottom side of the ball bearing ball , with a magnetizable carrier whose side , facing the spherical sector , has an opening for the fastener to be inserted there and which carries a transmission coil . | 6 |
a capsule containing fine abrasive grains dispersed in a liquid or low melting solid grinding aid can be substituted for conventional abrasive polishing grains . a novel coated abrasive structure is made by bonding such capsules to a backing sheet . | 2 |
a method and system provides for execution of calibration cycles from time to time during normal operation of the communication channel . a calibration cycle includes de - coupling the normal data source from the transmitter and supplying a calibration pattern in its place . the calibration pattern is received from the communication link using the receiver on the second component . a calibrated value of a parameter of the communication channel is determined in response to the received calibration pattern . the steps involved in calibration cycles can be reordered to account for utilization patterns of the communication channel . for bidirectional links , calibration cycles are executed which include the step of storing received calibration patterns on the second component , and retransmitting such calibration patterns back to the first component for use in adjusting parameters of the channel at first component . | 7 |
an electronic circuit for use with telephone instruments or the like in those cases where so - called &# 34 ; dial tap &# 34 ; is encountered , whereby a buzzer or bell included as part of the telephone instrument is adversely affected when the dial is rotated for purposes of dialing a particular call number . the circuit provides a discriminating function against the short term dial pulses by blocking them , but allows ringing current to pass substantially unaffected . | 7 |
an apparatus consisting of two pairs of identical lenses which is suitable as a compound objective lens for high numerical aperture imaging is disclosed . the compound lens also has a wide field of view as a fraction of the compound lens focal length . by suitable choice of lens materials , well corrected near infrared imaging can be achieved . when two such compound lenses together with a diffraction grating are assembled into a spectrometer , excellent wavelength resolution in the near infrared can also be obtained . | 6 |
a system for encrypting and decrypting messages using a browser in either a web or wireless device or secure message client software for transmission to or from a web server on the internet connected to an email server or message server for the situation where the sender does not possess the credentials and public key of the recipients . the encryption and decryption is conducted using a standard web browser on a personal computer or a mini browser on a wireless device , or message client software on either a personal computer or wireless devices such that messages transmitted to the web or wireless browser or message client software can be completed and encrypted and signed by the user such that encrypted and signed data does not require credentials and public key of the recipients . a method for delivering and using private keys to ensure that such keys are destroyed after use is also provided . a method of transmitting encrypted messages to a web or wireless browser or message client and decrypting and verifying such messages by recipients who do not possess or who are not enrolled in a pki and do not have private keys . a method for authenticating the sender / user of the browser , and a method for accessing or generating public and private keys for encrypting and decrypting messages for recipients who are not enrolled in a public key infrastructure . | 7 |
the present invention relates to novel benzisothiazol - 3 - one - 5 - sulfonyl derivatives , processes for preparing them , pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as pharmaceuticals as modulators of chemokine receptors . | 2 |
a textile made by weaving while crossing stainless wires as warp yarn and silk yarns as weft yarn one by one alternately , and this textile is attached to a frame body to configure a wire grid . the pitch for the stainless wires is determined depending on a wavelength to be polarized and analyzed . furthermore , the silk yarns are removed if necessary . this configuration avoids problems with cutting of metal wire or irregular intervals between metal wires because of long fine metal wires tightened parallel to each other in the frame body , and problems such as multiple reflection or interference on a substrate or a base material because of fine wire patterns made by etching or the like with the use of the substrate or base material , thereby obtaining an easily - manufactured , low - cost and high - precision wire grid for polarization and analysis of electromagnetic waves . | 6 |
driving an object along a given path with a standard pitch lead screw operated by a stepping motor . adjustment is provided for accurately completing , with full motor steps , various excursions of object travel ordinarily requiring less than a full motor step for completion of the travel . the above is accomplished by driving the lead screw askew of the axis of desired object travel . | 7 |
a shoe having a toe region , a middle region , a heel region , and a multi - layer , multi - density midsole ; the midsole being comprised of at least a shank and a lower layer ; the bottom surface of the shank having at least one longitudinal concavity and at least one longitudinal convexity , the longitudinal concavity typically occupying a substantial portion of the heel region and the longitudinal convexity typically occupying a portion of the middle region . collectively , these elements contribute to making the shoe appropriate for both walking and higher impact activities such as running , and simulating the effect , and imparting the fitness benefits , of use on a sandy beach or on a giving or uneven surface regardless of the actual hardness of the surface . | 0 |
a security system for tracking suspicious characteristics , the system includes first and second cameras each for monitoring and capturing images in a predefined area ; and a computer electrically connected to the each camera and which computer is programmed to identify one or more movements that exceeds a predetermined threshold that is predefined as suspicious movement ; wherein , when suspicious movement is detected by the first camera , the computer communicates to the second camera coordinates at which the suspicious movement will enter the predefined area of the second camera so that tracking is maintained within a larger predefined area . | 6 |
the invention relates to a piston engine comprising one or more air / gas - compressing cylinder - piston units , a crank mechanism connected to the piston in the said cylinder or cylinders for movement of the piston in the cylinder , which crank mechanism is drivingly connected to a rotor in an electric motor . the invention also relates to a coupling and a simple connection for a counterweight . | 8 |
a method for transferring resources between a first group of computers executing a first operating system and a second group of computers executing a second operating system is provided . each group of computers has at least one file server executing its respective operating system such as a windows server operating systems or a linux operating system . the resources of a first file server in the first group including multiple configurations , files and directories are first transferred to a second file server in the second group . a human - computer interface control program running on the file server in the second group is then provided for administrating the transferred resources on the file server . the human - computer interface control program executed in the second operating system on the second file server has a user interface identical to the resource administration program executed in the first operating system to ensure the integrity of the configurations , files and directories transferred to the second file server of the second group . | 6 |
a method of etching a wafer using resonant infrared energy and a filter to control non - uniformities during plasma etch processing . the filter includes a predetermined array or stacked arrangement of variable transmission regions that mirror the spatial etch distortions caused by the plasma etching process . by spatially attenuating the levels of ir energy that reach the wafer , the filter improves uniformity in the etching process . filters may be designed to compensate for edge fast etching due to macro - loading , asymmetric pumping in a plasma chamber , and magnetic field cusping . | 7 |
a class of cysteine protease inhibitors which inactivate a cysteine protease by covalently bonding to the protease and releasing a heterocyclic leaving group is presented . the cysteine protease inhibitors of the present invention comprise a first portion which targets a desired cysteine protease and positions the inhibitor near the thiolate anion portion of the active site of the protease , and a second portion which covalently bonds to the cysteine protease and irreversibly deactivates that protease by providing a carbonyl or carbonyl - equivalent which is attacked by the thiolate anion of the active site of the cysteine protease to sequentially cleave a heterocyclic leaving group . the heterocyclic leaving group of the protease inhibitor is of the formula : — o — het , where het is a heterocycle having 4 - 7 atoms in the ring , with at least one of the heterocycle atoms being n , o or s . | 2 |
a container includes two container halves and a hinge connecting the two container halves so that the two container halves can be pivoted between a folded up position and a folded down position . in the folded up position the container includes a bottom , four side walls and an upper filling opening and is stackable on another like container in the folded up position , and in the folded down position the container is nestable with another like container in the folded down position . | 1 |
a combine comprising a separating assembly providing a first crop residue stream , the first crop residue stream is directed to a straw guide element having a chopping mode position for directing the first crop residue stream to a straw chopper for chopping the first crop residue stream and a swath forming mode position for conveying the first crop residue stream around the straw chopper laying the first crop residue stream in a swath . the combine also comprises a cleaning assembly providing a second crop residue stream that engages a conveying assembly which mechanically conveys the second crop residue stream from the cleaning assembly to the straw chopper . | 0 |
an autosampler for high - performance liquid chromatography with a high - pressure injection valve having improved life , particularly in high pressure operation . the geometry of the valve components and the connections of the high - pressure injection valve are provided such that the switching processes do not take place in a deleterious direction . the grooves in rotor and / or the port opening cross sections in stator and the rotational direction are selected such that fluid flows from grooves under high pressure in the direction of narrow , substantially pressure - free ports are avoided . this applies in particular to the switching process from inject to load , since the sample loop contains a relatively large dead volume of compressed fluid . in addition , the valve can be controlled according to the invention in such a manner that an appropriate time is available for reducing harmful or undesired pressure differences . | 6 |
pharmaceutical composition made of microparticles for the slow release of an active substance at least during a period covering the 6th month after injection of said composition , said composition comprising a group of microparticles made of a copolymer of the plga type which incorporate an active substance in the form of a water insoluble peptide salt ; said copolymer furthermore comprising at least 75 % of lactic acid and an inherent viscosity between 0 . 1 and 0 . 9 dl / g , as measured in chloroform at 25 ° c . and at a polymer concentration of 0 . 5 g / dl ; said microparticles furthermore having a size distribution defined as follows : d is between 10 and 30 micrometers , d is between 30 and 70 micrometers , d is between 50 and 1 10 micrometers . | 0 |
a method and system for compressing bitmap data in a system for sharing an application running on a host computer with a remote computer , wherein the shared application &# 39 ; s screen output is simultaneously displayed on both computers . simultaneous display of screen output is achieved by efficiently transmitting display data between the host computer and the remote computer . when a font used by the host computer for displaying text is not available on the remote computer , the host computer sends a bitmap representation of the text for display , rather than the text itself . bitmap representations are cached by the remote computer , so that the same bitmap representation need not be repeatedly transmitted from the host computer to the remote computer . bitmap representations are compressed by the host computer prior to transmission , transmitted , then decompressed by the remote computer . | 6 |
a method for polymer coating of chain link fence is disclosed . the thermoplastic polymer is applied in a fluidized bed after the fence is woven . the fence is compressed in the fluidized bed to allow coating of all portions of the chain link . | 1 |
a system and method of making an apparatus for managing heat distribution in an oscillator system is disclosed . in an example embodiment , the apparatus includes a resonator configured to provide a periodic signal , a circuit coupled to the resonator configured to compensate for changes in the periodic signal due to variation in temperature , and further includes a heat source configured to generate heat that heats the resonator and the circuit . at least one of the resonator , circuit , and heat source is embedded in a substrate , and the resonator , circuit , and heat source are arranged to heat the resonator and circuit substantially the same amount . | 7 |
We present a method to identify likely visual binaries in Gaia eDR3 that does not rely on parallax or proper motion. This method utilizes the various point-spread function sizes of Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)/Gaia, where at <2.″5 two stars may be unresolved in 2MASS but resolved by Gaia. Due to this, if close neighbors listed in Gaia are a resolved pair, the associated 2MASS source will have a predictable excess in the J band that depends on the ΔG of the pair. We demonstrate that the expected relationship between 2MASS excess and ΔG differs for chance alignments, as compared to true binary systems, when parameters like magnitude and location on the sky are also considered. Using these multidimensional distributions, we compute the likelihood of a close pair of stars to be a chance alignment, resulting in a total(clean) catalog of 68,725(50,230) likely binaries within 200 pc with a completeness rate of ~75%(~64%) and contamination rate of ~14%(~0.4%). Within this, we find 590 previously unidentified binaries from Gaia eDR3 with projected physical separations <30 au, where 138 systems were previously identified, and for s < 10 au we find that 4 out of 15 new likely binaries have not yet been observed with high-resolution imaging. We also demonstrate the potential of our catalog to determine physical separation distributions and binary fraction estimates, from this increase in low-separation binaries. Overall, this catalog provides a good complement for the study of local binary populations by probing smaller physical separations and mass ratios, and provides prime targets for speckle monitoring. | 9 |
improved machining of various materials is disclosed by means of a material cutting insert having an internal fluid passageway which discharges a high velocity fluid jet stream in a particular manner . an improved method for use of the cutting insert is also disclosed along with apparatus employing the improvement . | 8 |
a semiconductor device includes : a foundation layer that is provided on a substrate and is electrically conductive ; a nickel layer provided on the foundation layer ; and a solder provided on the nickel layer , the nickel layer having a first region on a side of the foundation layer and a second region on a side of the solder , the second region being harder than the first region . | 7 |
GipsyX/RTGx is the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) next generation software package for positioning, navigation, timing, and Earth science using measurements from three geodetic techniques: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS); with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) under development. The software facilitates combined estimation of geodetic and geophysical parameters using a Kalman filter approach on real or simulated data in both post-processing and in real-time. The estimated parameters include station coordinates and velocities, satellite orbits and clocks, Earth orientation, ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The software is also capable of full realization of a dynamic terrestrial reference through analysis and combination of time series of ground station coordinates. <P />Applying lessons learned from its predecessors, GIPSY-OASIS and Real Time GIPSY (RTG), GipsyX/RTGx was re-designed from the ground up to offer improved precision, accuracy, usability, and operational flexibility. We present some key aspects of its new architecture, and describe some of its major applications, including Real-time orbit determination and ephemeris predictions in the U.S. Air Force Next Generation GPS Operational Control Segment (OCX), as well as in JPL's Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) System, supporting User Range Error (URE) of < 5 cm RMS; precision post-processing GNSS orbit determination, including JPL's contributions to the International GNSS Service (IGS) with URE in the 2 cm RMS range; Precise point positioning (PPP) with ambiguity resolution, both statically and kinematically, for geodetic applications with 2 mm horizontal, and 6.5 mm vertical repeatability for static positioning; Operational orbit and clock determination for Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites, such as NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission with GRACE relative clock alignment at the 20 ps level; calibration of radio occultation data from LEO satellites for weather forecasting and climate studies; Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) to GNSS and LEO satellites, DORIS-based and multi-technique orbit determination for LEO; production of terrestrial reference frames and Earth rotation parameters in support of JPL's contribution to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). | 9 |
hardware and / or software countermeasures are provided to reduce or eliminate vulnerabilities due to the observable and / or predictable states and state transitions of microprocessor components such as instruction cache , data cache , branch prediction unit , branch target buffer and other components . for example , for branch prediction units , various hardware and / or software countermeasures are provided to reduce vulnerabilities in the branch prediction unit and to protect against the security vulnerabilities due the observable and / or predictable states and state transitions during bpu operations . | 6 |
salts of fluoroanions of aluminum , gallium , and indium are described . the fluoroanions have the formula . sup .⊖ wherein e is aluminum , gallium , or indium , wherein f is fluorine , and wherein r &# 39 ;, r &# 34 ;, and r &# 39 ;&# 34 ; is each a fluorinated phenyl , fluorinated biphenyl , or fluorinated polycyclic group . | 8 |
among other disclosed subject matter , a method includes receiving metric data associated with an execution of each of a plurality of task instances . the plurality of task instances include task instances associated with a task and the metric data for each task instance relating to execution performance of the task instance . the method includes for each task instance determining a deviation of the metric data associated with the task instance relative to an overall deviation of the metric data for the plurality of task instances of the task during each of a plurality of intervals and combining deviation measurements for the task instance that exceed a threshold deviation to obtain a combined deviation value . each deviation measurement corresponds to the deviation of the metric data for one of the plurality of intervals . the method includes ranking the combined deviation values associated with at least a subset of the task instances . | 6 |
a tank sprayer includes a tank having an opening and a cup configured to move between a first position and a second position . the cup is configured to retain a quantity of liquid when the cup is in the first position and is configured to pour the quantity of liquid into the tank when the cup is in the second position . a removable barrier covers the opening in the tank , wherein the cup is blocked from moving from the first position to the second position when the barrier covers the opening in the tank . the cup is allowed to move from the first position to the second position when the barrier does not cover the opening in the tank . | 1 |
this invention provides compositions and methods related to the administration of red yeast rice , coenzyme q 10 , and chromium , with or without inositol hexanicotinate , selenium , and mixed tocopherols to reduce or control blood cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins , or increasing or controlling high density lipoproteins in a mammal , to reduce arterial plaque build - up , atherosclerosis , in a mammal which may be associated with cardiovascular , cerebrovascular , peripheral vascular , or intestinal vascular disorders . | 8 |
a simple climate control device is disclosed which can independently , or jointly , to the degree desired , ventilate and / or dehumidify and / or cool a dwelling . the device provides a way of supplying fresh outside air to a building or other space at a preferred humidity level while optionally cooling the inside air , and as desired dehumidifying the inside air to maintain the inside environment at a preferred temperature and at a preferred relative humidity , with gradual displacement of stale air by fresh air . | 5 |
a blower unit for a vehicle including a fan , a motor , a scroll case , a cooling chamber , a first partition , and a second partition . the fan is configured to generate airflow . the motor is connected to the fan . the scroll case accommodates the fan . the cooling chamber is connected to the scroll case and defines a cooling path for guiding airflow from the fan to the motor . the first partition is arranged in the cooling path . the second partition is arranged in the cooling path spaced apart from the first partition . | 1 |
Analytical models and simulations predict a rapid decline in the halo density profile associated with the transition from the “infalling” regime outside the halo to the “collapsed” regime within the halo. Using data from SDSS, we explore evidence for such a feature in the density profiles of galaxy clusters using several different approaches. We first estimate the steepening of the outer galaxy density profile around clusters, finding evidence for truncation of the halo profile. Next, we measure the galaxy density profile around clusters using two sets of galaxies selected on color. We find evidence of an abrupt change in galaxy colors that coincides with the location of the steepening of the density profile. Since galaxies that have completed orbits within the cluster are more likely to be quenched of star formation and thus appear redder, this abrupt change in galaxy color can be associated with the transition from single-stream to multi-stream regimes. We also use a standard model comparison approach to measure evidence for a “splashback”-like feature, but find that this approach is very sensitive to modeling assumptions. Finally, we perform measurements using an independent cluster catalog to test for potential systematic errors associated with cluster selection. We identify several avenues for future work: improved understanding of the small-scale galaxy profile, lensing measurements, identification of proxies for the halo accretion rate, and other tests. With upcoming data from the DES, KiDS, and HSC surveys, we can expect significant improvements in the study of halo boundaries. | 9 |
adjustable seats and components thereof are detailed . the seats , particularly useful in commercial aircraft , permit substantial angular recline without the corresponding rearward linear movement necessarily occurring in conventional seats . the seats additionally may have discontinuous , or non - integral , seat bottoms , with the heights of the forward portions of the bottoms being adjustable mechanically . tray tables optionally associated with the seats further omit any central slot and may define one or more pivot axes in locations different than exist in conventional seats . | 1 |
a thixotropic cement - based paint composition and method wherein the composition is formed by combining portland cement with presized filter particles having a predetermined relationship by weight to the cement . water is combined in a volumetric proportion to form an average viscosity of about 3 , 000 to 8 , 000 centipoise . | 2 |
the current in a semiconductive light emitting diode , driven by an insulated gate field effect transistor switch , is stabilized by a current control circuit including a comparator type feedback network , which stabilizes the voltage at a node located between said switch and the series connection of a ballast resistor and the led . | 6 |
an apparatus includes a bottom portion comprising a spindle for receiving a quantity of floss . a first locking plate is operable for receiving a feed portion of the floss upon a horizontal surface . a plate extends from the first locking plate where a distal end of the plate engages the feed portion and a return portion of the feed portion returns back over the horizontal surface . an aperture enables an exiting portion of the return portion to exit the bottom portion . a top portion includes a spindle cap portion operable for engaging the spindle . a second locking plate is operable for engaging the first locking plate to substantially constrain the feed portion of the floss and the return portion . a stretching mechanism is joined to the second plate for applying a stretching force along a portion of the feed portion and a portion of the return portion . | 0 |
a controlled lighting system comprises a control system which transmits data and clock information to a plurality of light modules . the light modules each include at least two light elements and a control unit which is responsive to the data and clock information received from the control system to vary individually the amount of light emitted by each of the light elements in each light module . contemplated uses of the controlled lighting system include decorative lighting , illuminated display signs , etc . | 6 |
a the set of conjugated components to build a ultralight type airplane , in particular a constructive concept that has as end product a ultralight type airplane with a general configuration visually similar to the demoiselle . in summary , the inventive concept has as purpose to enable that a handcrafted and ancient concept airplane is mass - produced , using modern resources , which characterizes by a better aerodynamical sustentation , in particular as a result of parts which are specially designed to carry out the known functions with extraordinarily improved results . in a general concept , without detailing the components in their specific constructions , we define the airplane obtained based on the conjugated components such as the fuselage ; wings ; empennages ; landing gear ; systems which include the control with rotular ends and fuel systems consisting of a metallic tank fixed on the same level of the engine , with a vent , cover and a system cutting valve and propelling unit . | 1 |
a packaging device is provided for retaining a disc - shaped media . in its preferred form the device comprises a lid for a container having an interior and an exterior surface , wherein the lid may be repeatedly attached to and removed from the container , preferably by means of a compression fit , and wherein the exterior surface of the lid includes a recess within which a disc - shaped media , such as a digital media disk , may be stored . in one embodiment , the disc - shaped media is first placed within a protective envelope , which envelope is then inserted into or applied to the recess and retained therein . various means for retaining the envelope in or on the recess are contemplated , including adhesives such as fugitive glue or double - side tape , or sealing members . in an alternate embodiment , the protective envelope is not necessary , and the disc - shaped media is inserted in or applied to the recess and held therein by the same retaining means . a separate protective element may be provided to protect the media surface of the media disc . a method is further provided for packaging such disc - shaped item and other material within the packaging device . | 1 |
a guide assembly for a longwall shearer . the shearer includes an arm having an arm end and a cutting drum rotatably coupled to the arm end . the cutting drum rotates about a drum axis and engages a mine wall , and the cutting drum has a rear extent arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the drum axis . the guide assembly includes a guide member coupled to the arm and operable to guide material won from the mine wall . the guide member has a guide surface extending in a direction non - parallel to the plane and non - parallel to the drum axis . the guide member guides material along the guide surface away from the cutting drum . | 4 |
the tremolo device can be used in stringed musical instruments , and more particularly in electric guitars . it provides a simplified construction allowing easier usage and improved sustain , wherein , in the front portion of the rear string saddle an opening is formed , which axis is nonparallel to and does not intersect the saddle assembly shaft axis and also does not intersect the string axis . in the opening the fine tuning spring is disposed , reaching the opening bottom with one end and with the other — the back wall of the front string saddle . | 6 |
a method of persistently displaying data including displaying first and second data in a display region of an information browser where a persistency control has been installed in the information browser . the persistency control prevents attempts to replace data that has been flagged as persistent . the attempts to replace data are requests associated with a navigation operation definable in data loadable in the information browser . | 8 |
a single phase , rotary electromagnetic actuator comprising first and second stator assemblies , located in oppositely facing spaced apart positions along a common central axis , permits a magnetized disc magnet rotor to rotate about the common axis free of any magnetic attractive forces normally tending to move the disc magnet longitudinally along the axis , or alternatively to be located in a position to create a desired longitudinal attractive force . the entire assembly is maintained in operative positions by a circular belt which provides an inward facing lip on each side of which the stator assemblies are seated and which determines the magnetic airgap spacing for the disc . the invention may be implemented as a servo - actuator by the inclusion of an angular position sensor that uses the actuator rotor as the magnetic field emitter , and a receiver for the magnetic field and its contacts , located in the belt lip . | 7 |
a computer network having a requesting node and a providing node permits data transfer therebetween when permitted by an authorizing node . reports generated in response to authorizations and reports generated in response to data transfers are reconciled at a reconciliation node to improve the accuracy of payments collected and paid for use of the data . such payments include copyright royalties for audio , video , and other works recorded in digital format . | 6 |
a heat - exchanger includes a plurality of stacked tubular elements each having tanks , and passage - forming protrusions defining a passage connecting the tanks , fins interposed between adjacent ones of the tubular elements and contacting the passage - forming protrusions , inlet / outlet units each comprising a barrel - shaped element protruding from and open to the tank of a respective one of the tubular elements , inlet / outlet pipes fitted coaxially in contact with and joined to the barrel - shaped elements , respectively , and a measure for preventing parts of the barrel - shaped elements from being deformed as the inlet / outlet pipes are fitted to the barrel - shaped elements during the assembly of the heat exchanger to in turn maintain the integrity of the joints between the inlet / outlet units and the inlet / outlet pipes . the reinforcement may include a ring disposed around the barrel - shaped element adjacent an end thereof . when the inlet / outlet pipe is fitted into and in contact with the barrel - shaped element , the ring prevents the parts of the barrel - shaped element from being forced outwardly . the reinforcement may also include , in an addition or as an alternative to the ring , at least one protrusion extending from the parts of the barrel - shaped element and contacting the inlet / outlet pipe fitted to the barrel - shaped element . the at least one protrusion prevents the inlet / outlet pipe from being moved too far axially relative to the barrel - shaped element thereby ensuring that the inlet / outlet pipe does not deform the parts of the barrel - shaped element . | 8 |
a high molecular weight fluoroelastomer is provided comprising 65 to 100 wt % of vinylidene fluoride units and hexafluoropropylene units and 35 to 0 wt % of tetrafluoroethylene units exhibiting low compression set and high elongation properties and showing good processability . | 2 |
a method and apparatus for optimizing body bias connections to nfets and pfets using a deep n - well grid structure . a deep n - well is formed below the surface of a cmos substrate supporting a plurality of nfets and pfets having a nominal gate length of less than 0 . 2 microns . the deep n - well is a grid structure with a regular array of apertures providing electrical continuity between the bottom of the substrate and the nfets . the pfets reside in surface n - wells that are continuous with the buried n - well grid structure . the grid and n - well layout is performed on the basis of the functionality of the pfets contained in the n - wells . | 6 |
a directional silicon condenser microphone having an additional back chamber is disclosed . the directional silicon condenser microphone comprises a case having a front sound hole for passing through a front sound ; a acoustic delay device for delaying a phase of a sound ; a substrate including a chamber case , a mems chip having an additional back chamber formed by the chamber case , an asic chip for operating the mems chip , a conductive pattern for bonding the substrate to the case , and a rear sound hole for passing through a rear sound ; a fixing means for fixing the case to the substrate ; and an adhesive for bonding the case and the substrate , wherein the adhesive is applied to an entirety of a bonding surface of the case and the substrate fixed by the fixing means . | 7 |
a temperature controller for a deep fat fryer including a temperature sensing circuit that determines the temperature of cooking oil in the deep fat fryer and which is connected to a temperature control circuit that controls the deep fat fryer heat source in providing heat to the cooking oil in response to a set temperature from an external input device . the control circuit also includes an anticipation circuit that variably modulates the heating source before the cooking oil temperature approaches the set temperature . the temperature control circuit further includes a resistor divider network that provides selected voltages representing reference temperatures and which are input to several operational amplifiers for controlling the heat source . | 0 |
the so - called blind assembly operation involving precise registration between the blind side of chip carriers or similar macro scale subassemblies and a metallized support member requires improvements to reduce packaging costs . the proposal is to form indents aligned in both mating surfaces and place an aligning ball in the lower indent . the upper surface is positioned approximately and manipulated in x and y directions until the alignment ball recesses into both indents . | 8 |
apparatus and method are provided for transferring state data between computer software programs within the same software process . the apparatus and method does not require a special operating system , but instead only requires the use of a few standard operating system calls , so therefore is highly portable between different operating system machine types . the apparatus and method have complete flexibility to change arguments or return values and change calling order , function names , function code , and the like within the new version of the program . | 6 |
a technique for injecting corpus - based preference into syntactic text parsing is provided . specifically , the problem of tagging content - word pairs by part - of - speech is solved by using thematic analysis . a new measure of the fixed or variable nature of such word pairs is created and used to classify word pairs as either noun - verb , adjective - noun , or verb - noun . | 6 |
a method of molding a headrest of automotive seat comprises the following steps . first , a bag shaped flexible outer skin member is prepared , has an elongate slit formed therethrough . a part of a stay member is inserted into the outer skin member through the slit and set relative to the outer skin member . a given biasing force is applied to longitudinal ends of the slit so that the slit is stretched in longitudinally opposed directions and thus caused to take a closed position . then , an injection nozzle of a foamable material feeder is put into the slit by expanding the slit against the biasing force . a foamable material is poured into the outer skin member , and the material feeding is stopped when a given amount of material is fed to the outer skin member . the application of the biasing force to the slit is continued until the material is sufficiently cured . | 1 |
quality assurance device for calibrating and testing the accuracy of movement - correlated computed tomography target - locating systems has a test unit sub - assembly adapted to be combined with a dynamic phantom system . the test unit sub - assembly has an axially and rotationally moveable test rod slideably disposed inside of a substantially hollow fixed housing . a matrix of markers , or “ fiducials ”, are located in the wall of the housing . a single fiducial is located near the distal end of the moveable test rod . the distal end portion of the moveable test rod is adapted to be connected to a motion actuator , which is programmed to oscillate the test rod in a predetermined pattern . when the test unit sub - assembly is inserted into a tissue equivalent phantom member , the combined sub - assembly and phantom member can then be subjected to four - dimensional imaging to generate a visual image . a visual comparison actual relative positions of the fiducials to the know positions of the fiducials in time indicates the accuracy of the 4d ct system . | 0 |
a low - microcracked porous cordierite honeycomb ceramic particulate filter having a high strength in combination with a very low pressure drop , a very high filtration efficiency , and a high thermal shock resistance . little or no microcracking , a fine median pore diameter , and a narrow pore size distribution contribute to high strength . a thin channel wall , high wall permeability , and narrow pore size distribution , contribute to low pressure drop . a fine pore diameter and narrow pore size distribution with a minimum of coarse pores contribute to high filtration efficiency . a high strain tolerance , mor / e , contributes to high thermal shock resistance . particulate filters disclosed herein can be useful as a hot gas particulate filter , and particularly as an internal combustion engine exhaust gas particulate filter , such as an exhaust gas filter for a gasoline direct injection engine . | 8 |
an apparatus and method for surface crust freezing of a food product utilizes a refrigeration shell enclosing a freezing chamber , the freezing chamber having a cavity shaped to substantially accommodate the shape of the exterior surface of the food product ; the cavity communicating with the refrigeration shell ; a transport substrate to carry the food product into the freezing chamber ; a cryogen supply ; and a gas circulation device in the refrigeration shell in communication with the cryogen supply to introduce a cooling flow of gas containing cryogen into the cavity so as to contact the food product along its exterior surface . | 0 |
an apparatus for troubleshooting a computer system of a vehicle is disclosed . the apparatus includes a controller for controlling an aspect of operation of the vehicle with at least one process . the apparatus also includes a diagnostic system configured to monitor the at least one process and configured to obtain diagnostic data regarding the at least one process . additionally , the apparatus includes a wireless device coupled to the diagnostic system and configured to connect to an internet protocol based network , and configured to transmit the diagnostic data over the network . | 6 |
a method for simulating a blood flow in a vascular segment of a patient is proposed . a 3d image dataset of an examination region is recorded by a radiographic diagnostic device for generating a 3d vascular model . contrast agent propagation in the examination region is captured by a dynamic 2d angiography method for generating a real 2d angiography recording . a cfd simulation of the blood flow is performed in the 3d vascular model based on a blood flow parameter for generating a virtual 2d angiography recording . a degree of correspondence between the real and the virtual 2d angiography recordings is determined from identical angulation and adjusted recording geometry of the patient and compared with predefinable tolerance values . the cfd simulation is iteratively optimized while changing the blood flow parameter as a function of the comparison . the degree of correspondence is outputted when the optimum cfd simulation is achieved . | 0 |
an auction system and method which only allows a user who has paid a membership fee to participate . a user accesses an auction website . the user logs into the auction website . however , only a user who has paid a membership fee is allowed to log into the auction website . the user locates an item he wishes to bid on and places a bid on the item . the auction of the item is stopped after a predetermined time frame . the funds of a participant who places a highest bid is verified and then charged . | 6 |
an annulus filler assembly for a rotor of a turbomachine , the assembly comprising : an annulus lid having a radially outwardly facing surface for forming an inner wall of a flow annulus of the rotor and a radially inwardly facing surface ; and a frame for supporting the annulus lid , the frame being mountable to a disc of the rotor such that the annulus lid is spaced away from the disc , wherein the frame comprises a connection portion which , in use , passes through an aperture in the annulus lid from the radially inwardly facing surface towards the radially outwardly facing surface such that at least a portion of the connection portion is visible from the radially outwardly facing surface ; the assembly further comprising a locking element which locks the connection portion to the annulus lid via the visible portion of the connection portion . | 8 |
Low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) are specially interesting objects since not only they represent the most numerous local Active Galactic Nuclei population, but they could be the link between normal and active galaxies as suggested by their low X-ray luminosities. The origin of LINER nuclei being still controversial, our works, through a multiwavelength approach, have contributed, firstly, to confirm that a large number of nuclear LINERs in the local universe are AGN powered. Secondly, from the study of X-ray spectral variability, we found that long term variations are very common, and they are mostly related to hard energies (2-10 keV). These variations might be due to changes in the absorber and/or intrinsic variations of the source. Thirdly, Mid-infrared (MIR) imaging also indicates that LINERs are the low luminosity end of AGN towards lower luminosities, and MIR spectroscopy shows that the average spectrum of AGN-dominated LINERs with X-ray luminosities L_X(2-10 keV) > 10^{41} erg/s is similar to the average mid-IR spectrum of AGN-dominated Seyfert 2s; for fainter LINERS, their spectral shape suggests that the dusty-torus may disappear. Fourth, the extended Hα emission of LINERs at HST resolution indicates that they follow remarkably well the Narrow Line Region morphology and the luminosity-size relation obtained for Seyfert and QSOs; HST Hα morphology may suggest the presence of outflows, which could contribute to the line broadening, with the resulting consequences on the percentage of LINERs where the Broad Line Region is detected. This issue is being revisited by our group with a high spectral resolution set of optical data for nearby type-1 LINERs. Finally, concerning systematic studies on the role of star formation in LINERs, which are scarce, our contribution deals with the study of a sample of the most luminous, highest star formation rate LINERs in the local Universe (at z from 0.04 to 0.11), together with its comparison with both lower-redshift LINERs and luminous LINERs previously detected at z ∼ 0.3. Most of our sources have L_{AGN} ∼ L_{SF}, suggesting co-evolution of black hole and stellar mass. The AGN luminosity of local LINERs generally is related to the position they occupy on | 9 |
K2-146 is a cool, 0.358 ${M}_{\odot }$ dwarf that was found to host a mini-Neptune with a 2.67 day period. The planet exhibited strong transit timing variations (TTVs) of greater than 30 minutes, indicative of the presence of an additional object in the system. Here we report the discovery of the previously undetected outer planet in the system, K2-146 c, using additional photometric data. K2-146 c was found to have a grazing transit geometry and a 3.97 day period. The outer planet was only significantly detected in the latter K2 campaigns presumably because of precession of its orbital plane. The TTVs of K2-146 b and c were measured using observations spanning a baseline of almost 1200 days. We found strong anti-correlation in the TTVs, suggesting the two planets are gravitationally interacting. Our TTV and transit model analyses revealed that K2-146 b has a radius of 2.25 ± 0.10 ${R}_{\oplus }$ and a mass of 5.6 ± 0.7 ${M}_{\oplus }$ , whereas K2-146 c has a radius of ${2.59}_{-0.39}^{+1.81}$ ${R}_{\oplus }$ and a mass of 7.1 ± 0.9 ${M}_{\oplus }$ . The inner and outer planets likely have moderate eccentricities of e = 0.14 ± 0.07 and 0.16 ± 0.07, respectively. Long-term numerical integrations of the two-planet orbital solution show that it can be dynamically stable for at least 2 Myr. We show that the resonance angles of the planet pair are librating, which may be an indication that K2-146 b and c are in a 3:2 mean motion resonance. The orbital architecture of the system points to a possible convergent migration origin. | 9 |
a delay optimization algorithm has four major steps : selecting signal connections to target for delay improvement ; unrouting all signals containing those candidate connections ; rerouting those signals , using a “ load - balancing ” heuristic ; and during rip - up and re - try routing , protecting wiring to all signal loads routed by the heuristic , including non - timing critical loads . load balancing includes applying a branching penalty on logic cell output wire segments , and encouraging all non - route critical loads to route through a single buffered wire segment . | 6 |
a pressure exchange apparatus for transferring the energy of pressurization between two fluids , wherein one fluid is at a relatively higher pressure than the other comprising a rotating cylindrical rotor having a bore extending therethrough in fluid communication with an inlet and an outlet . | 5 |
a method of finishing a workpiece is disclosed . the method includes the use of a container , preferably a drag finishing machine to displace a workpiece or part about a substantially vertically oriented axis . the workpiece is immersed in a media and an abrasive that adheres to the media via surface tension of a liquid disposed in the container or drag finisher . the workpiece is then displaced and the workpiece contacts or impacts the abrasive to provide the desired finishing . the abrasive may move from media to media as it is loosely attached via the surface tension of the liquid . | 1 |
The formation of planetesimals is expected to occur via particle-gas instabilities that concentrate dust into self-gravitating clumps<SUP>1-3</SUP>. Triggering these instabilities requires the prior pile-up of dust in the protoplanetary disk<SUP>4,5</SUP>. This has been successfully modelled exclusively at the disk's snowline<SUP>6-9</SUP>, whereas rocky planetesimals in the inner disk were only obtained by assuming either unrealistically large particle sizes<SUP>10,11</SUP> or an enhanced global disk metallicity<SUP>12</SUP>. However, planetesimal formation solely at the snowline is difficult to reconcile with the early and contemporaneous formation of iron meteorite parent bodies with distinct oxidation states<SUP>13,14</SUP> and isotopic compositions<SUP>15</SUP>, indicating formation at different radial locations in the disk. Here, by modelling the evolution of a disk with ongoing accretion of material from the collapsing molecular cloud<SUP>16-18</SUP>, we show that planetesimal formation may have been triggered within the first 0.5 million years by dust pile-up at both the snowline (at ~5 AU) and the silicate sublimation line (at ~1 AU), provided turbulent diffusion was low. Particle concentration at ~1 AU is due to the early outward radial motion of gas<SUP>19</SUP> and is assisted by the sublimation and recondensation of silicates<SUP>20,21</SUP>. Our results indicate that, although the planetesimals at the two locations formed about contemporaneously, those at the snowline accreted a large fraction of their mass (~60%) from materials delivered to the disk in the first few tens of thousands of years, whereas this fraction is only 30% for the planetesimals formed at the silicate line. Thus, provided that the isotopic composition of the delivered material changed with time<SUP>22</SUP>, these two planetesimal populations should have distinct isotopic compositions, consistent with observations<SUP>15</SUP>. | 9 |
a dual fuel — gas fuel and electric heat pump — water heater is provided that captures waste heat from the exhaust flue of the gas fuel heating system and utilizes it in the evaporator of the electric heat pump . multiple mechanisms are disclosed for the transfer of heat from the exhaust flue gases to the evaporator . heat from the exhaust gas that would otherwise be lost is used to help heat refrigerant in the evaporator to improve the efficiency of the system . this heat can also be used to prevent or remove frozen condensate on the evaporator . | 8 |
a motion detecting device for enhancement of the image quality at ultra - low bit rates is disclosed , which permits quantization of the prediction error with the highest possible degree of accuracy , taking into account the amount of information which is generated by a motion vector generated by a motion vector generator . a difference vector corresponding to a difference between the motion vector and a motion vector of an already encoded reference pixel block located near the current pixel block to be encoded in said current frame is obtained . an output resulting from a motion detection of the difference vector so as to obtain the minimum step size from said difference vector , through the use of the number of generated bits and the number of bits of said difference vector , is encoded . | 7 |
in a bandwidth - limiting apparatus , control is performed of the oscillation frequencies of each of three local oscillators of three intermediate - frequency circuits , and the passband is limited by adjusting the width of and shifting the if , the intermediate frequency at the last stage being converted by a frequency conversion means to a low frequency suitable for processing , which is then bandwidth limited by a filter function of a digital signal processor . control of each passband is performed in linked fashion by control stored in a microcomputer circuit , and the sharp shape factor of the digital signal processor is effectively used to eliminate noise from the deviation passband . because noise is eliminated before the detection stage , there is no cause for the intrusion of wraparound noise , thereby eliminating the necessity to perform excessive bandwidth limiting . | 7 |
We provide here a significant extension of the NuGrid Set 1 models in mass coverage and towards lower metallicity, adopting the same physics assumptions. The combined data set now includes the initial masses M_ZAMS/ M_⊙ = 1, 1.65, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 15, 20, 25 for Z = 0.02, 0.01, 0.006, 0.001, 0.0001 with α-enhanced composition for the lowest three metallicities. These models are computed with the MESA stellar evolution code and are evolved up to the AGB, the white dwarf stage, or until core collapse. The nucleosynthesis was calculated for all isotopes in post-processing with the NuGrid MPPNP code. Explosive nucleosynthesis is based on semi-analytic 1D shock models. Metallicity-dependent mass-loss, convective boundary mixing in low- and intermediate-mass models and H and He core burning massive star models are included. Convective O-C shell mergers in some stellar models lead to the strong production of odd-Z elements P, Cl, K, and Sc. In AGB models with hot dredge-up, the convective boundary mixing efficiency is reduced to accommodate for its energetic feedback. In both low-mass and massive star models at the lowest metallicity, H-ingestion events are observed and lead to i-process nucleosynthesis and substantial <SUP>15</SUP>N production. Complete yield data tables, derived data products and online analytic data access are provided. | 9 |
a color printer system comprising a toner drum with a plurality of compartments for storing supplies of toner of differing colors , an imaging medium having a plurality of electodes arranged in a pixel format at the imaging medium being movable relative to the toner drum and having a surface about the electrodes for receiving toner emitted from the toner drum as the toner drum is positioned adjacent to the imaging medium , means for controlling electrical potential to the electrodes in a programmed manner consistent with a desired format , such that the toner particles are transferred and arranged on the imaging medium in a format consistent with that to be printed , means for transferring the formatted toner to a print medium and fuser means for fusing the toner to the medium . | 6 |
a photographic processing apparatus having magnetic heads for reading magnetic record data stored in the magnetic recording tracks of a film and writing desired record data onto the same . the apparatus includes a hold - down mechanism for pressing the magnetic head against the film at an appropriate strength . | 6 |
A command-line tool for long term collections of tweets | 9 |
During substructure formation in magnetized astrophysical plasma, dissipation of magnetic energy facilitated by magnetic reconnection affects the system dynamics by heating and accelerating the ejected plasmoids. Numerical simulations are a crucial tool for investigating such systems. In astrophysical simulations, the energy dissipation, reconnection rate, and substructure formation critically depend on the onset of reconnection of numerical or physical origin. In this paper, we hope to assess the reliability of the state-of-the-art numerical codes, PLUTO and KORAL by quantifying and discussing the impact of dimensionality, resolution, and code accuracy on magnetic energy dissipation, reconnection rate, and substructure formation. We quantitatively compare results obtained with relativistic and non-relativistic, resistive and non-resistive, as well as two- and three-dimensional set-ups performing the Orszag-Tang test problem. We find sufficient resolution in each model, for which numerical error is negligible and the resolution does not significantly affect the magnetic energy dissipation and reconnection rate. The non-relativistic simulations show that at sufficient resolution, magnetic and kinetic energies convert to internal energy and heat the plasma. In the relativistic system, energy components undergo mutual conversion during the simulation time, which leads to a substantial increase in magnetic energy at 20 per cent and 90 per cent of the total simulation time of 10 light-crossing times - the magnetic field is amplified by a factor of 5 due to relativistic shocks. We also show that the reconnection rate in all our simulations is higher than 0.1, indicating plasmoid-mediated regime. It is shown that in KORAL simulations more substructures are captured than in PLUTO simulations. | 9 |
this invention secures the breakdown voltage between stem pins or the like for high voltage service in a cathode ray tube . this insulator formed is of a clay - like silicone compound having a tip - throughhole and pin - throughholes or a stem base with the electric insulator mounted to the stem base : a inter - stem electric insulation device is structured by mounting either one of the electric insulator or the stem base with the electric insulator to the stem of a cathode ray tube and by pressing to fix together . this structure does not occur bubble generation caused by the electric insulator , and makes the handling easy , and furthermore , accomplish an automatic mounting of the electric insulator to a stem . | 7 |
a tire pressure management system for a tractor / trailer system establishes allowable bounds for tire pressure compensated for temperature and determines leaks after determining that internal tire temperature measurements are not available . the system is based on valve - mounted external tire pressure sensors , wireless connections to uplink tire pressure data , keyed by location , an ambient temperature sensor and an onboard computer . tires are assumed pressurized to a target pressure at a given temperature with minimum and maximum pressure bounds set around the target pressure . ambient temperature sensing , and determination that tires are likely to be at ambient temperature , allows adjustment of the minimum and maximum bounds , as well as the target pressure , compensated for temperature and thus a judgement made as to whether the cold pressure reading indicates deviation from acceptable limits . determination of whether the vehicle is , or has recently been in movement , is made allowing internal temperature of the tires to be estimated based on changes in pressure . inter - comparison of pressure readings from among the tires is used to determine the occurrence of leaks during vehicle operation . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a backplane device for a light source matrix . a light source is preferably a led or an oled . a pixel circuitry of the backplane device is assigned to a light source of the light source matrix for controlling the light source . one light source and one pixel circuitry constitute a pixel . the pixels of the light source matrix are classified according to a pixel characteristic . the order of switching the light sources on and / or off depends on the pixel characteristic and not necessarily on the location of the pixel on the backplane device . a current being applied to the light sources is controlled by at least one driver . the at least one driver is electrically connectable to at least one pixel . the at least one driver is not belonging to the pixel circuitry of the pixel . | 6 |
a web advertisement classifier for embedded advertisements in a web page includes detecting whether an advertisement is a contextual advertisement ; detecting whether the advertisement is a retargeted advertisement ; and detecting whether the advertisement is a behaviorally targeted advertisement . classified advertisement suppression is provided that includes identifying one or more previously - visited web pages ; visiting the one or more web pages chronologically identifying one or more target web pages having a content association that is a same content association had by the advertisement ; skipping the one or more target web pages ; and saving the resultant click stream . | 7 |
an air flow system based on the human circulatory system whereby a cushioning , cooling and circulating air flow is generated by a wearer of the shoe . the shoe has an on - demand sieve plate supplying air to a pump . the shoe includes a heart pump actuated by the wearer wherein arteries lead air throughout the shoe and veins return the air to the pump . the shoe is designed to free the foot of immobility and rigidity , to aid in development and maintenance of muscle groups required in function . the longitudinal arch that develops is formed by the wearer and is individualized for each wearer rather than being preformed in the shoe itself . | 0 |
the invention generally relates to compositions and methods for the use of a simulated secondary gain model for use in medical legal setting where there is dispute about the validity of a medical patient &# 39 ; s injuries . this model is used to ascertain the false positive rate of a given diagnostic test or suite of same and is then used to reevaluate the test on an ongoing basis after changes have been made to reduce the false positive rate . | 6 |
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