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We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf (T<SUB>eff</SUB> = 5626 ± 61 K) solar-like star with a mass of 0.950 ± 0.010 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and a radius of 1.028 ± 0.030 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The planet, TOI-908 b, is a 3.18 ± 0.16 R<SUB>⊕</SUB> planet in a 3.18 d orbit. Radial velocity measurements from HARPS reveal TOI-908 b has a mass of approximately 16.1 ± 4.1 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>, resulting in a bulk planetary density of $2.7^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ g cm<SUP>-3</SUP>. TOI-908 b lies in a sparsely populated region of parameter space known as the Neptune desert. The planet likely began its life as a sub-Saturn planet before it experienced significant photoevaporation due to X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation from its host star, and is likely to continue evaporating, losing a significant fraction of its residual envelope mass. | 9 |
the present invention relates to an adjustable surface mount plumbing adapter providing a rigid through - wall plumbing connection . the adapter includes an inner wall mount having a threaded stem portion for engagement with an outer wall mount . the stem portion defines a path through the wall with the wall being squeezed between the inner and outer mounts . any manner of plumbing connections , pipes , fixtures , etc . can be connected to either the inner or outer mounts . | 4 |
a prenatal / postnatal pillow is disclosed . the pillow includes a body with a first end , a medial portion , and a second end . the pillow may possess a generally c - shaped structure defining an interior well operable to curve around a body part of a user . the interior of the pillow body defines a cavity , which may include a series of cells containing a predetermined amount of fill material . the ends of the pillow body may include fasteners that connect to draw the ends of the pillow together , forming a compact support surface . the pillow also includes an internal compartment for storing articles such as blankets , bottles , etc . | 0 |
a hook and bobbin locator apparatus and method consisting of a mounting plate and more than one hook and bobbin combination . each of the more than one hook and bobbin combinations is connected with a stepper motor and each of the more than one hook and bobbin combinations are removably connected with the mounting plate . a stepper motor is also connected with the mounting plate and a controller is connected with the mounting plate stepper motor and the hook and bobbin combination stepper motors such that movement of the mounting plate and the hook and bobbin combinations are controlled by the controller . | 3 |
there is described a voltage booster circuit for powering a piezoelectric actuator of an injector , and having a first and a second input terminal supplied with an input voltage ; a first and a second output terminal supplying an output voltage greater than the input voltage , the second input terminal and second output terminal being connected to each other over a common line ; a first and a second inductor coupled magnetically and connected in series between the first input terminal and the first output terminal ; a capacitor connected between the first output terminal and the second output terminal ; and a controlled switch connected between the intermediate node between the first and second inductor , and the second input terminal and second output terminal , and which switches between a closed operating state , to permit charging of the first inductor by the input voltage , and an open operating state , to permit transfer of the charge stored in the first inductor to the capacitor via the second inductor . | 5 |
this invention provides novel cephalosporin intermediates , 7β - amino - 3 -- 1 - propen - 1 - y1 ]- 3 - cephem - 4 - carboxylic acid and esters thereof having the general formula ## str1 ## wherein the configuration of the 3 - propenyl group is z sometimes referred to as cis - and r is hydrogen or a conventional carboxy - protected group , or a physiologically hydrolyzable esterifying group , and acid addition salts thereof and the metal salts of the foregoing substance wherein r is hydrogen . these compounds are useful as intermediates for preparation of orally active cephalosporins . | 2 |
a game about intellectual properties comprising a game board , decks of associated playing cards , dice and a bag of playing pieces together with playing methods comprising method of inventing if a playing piece lands on an invention space , methods of creating if a playing piece lands on a copyright space , method of consuming consumer products if a playing piece lands on a consumer space , means of licensing patented inventions , means of licensing copyrighted materials and means of determining a winner of the game . | 0 |
a non - coherent technique employs a zero padded fft for the fast acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum signals in the presence of large doppler shifts . the application of a fft to code acquisition results in decreased acquisition time , and can improve the probability of detection . a set of partial correlators and a zero padded fft are used to reduce the search region for code acquisition while maintaining good frequency resolution for doppler offset . this approach will prove most pertinent in future reconfigurable terminals . | 7 |
an embodiment of the invention provides for one or more customizable buttons , used with a downloadable toolbar for an internet browser . the system is designed to efficiently organize internet content and accessibility . the current invention is customizable for each particular user &# 39 ; s interest . the current invention is a vehicle to create a online community of users with similar interest to network and share their personalize selections and categorizations of similar interest . additionally , the current invention is capable of tracking and notifying users of updated content on their sites of interest to prevent wasteful browsing . | 6 |
a cmp heterodyne in - situ sensor system utilizes optical heterodyne interferometry . a wafer undergoing cmp is illuminated through the wafer thickness using an infrared laser beam at a wavelength of 1 . 1 μm or greater . the beam is transmitted through the wafer and is reflected from the front wafer surface . as the wafer is polished , the optical beam path through the wafer is shortened , causing the reflected optical frequency to undergo a doppler shift . by measuring this shift , the change in wafer thickness is determined . the frequency shift generates a signal , which enables dynamic process control . in embodiments where the wafer includes a planarization film , the frequency shift provides a measurement of changing film thickness . embodiments of the invention utilize phase detection independent of intensity , and hence do not suffer from intensity fluctuations . some embodiments detect thickness changes less than 2 . 5 nm . c - his sensors operate in both polished - to - thickness and polished - to - stop scenarios . | 1 |
the solid insulation transformer has a rectangular core covered with a compressible closed - cell foam to eliminate stress during curing of the cast dielectric material surrounding the core and during operation . heat pipes are placed between the inner coil and the core to extract heat before the temperature builds up . for safety and to eliminate the need for a separate enclosure , an outer multi - layer casing having an incorporated grounded conductive layer is provided to cover the sides of the cast body . the outer casing prevents explosion if dielectric break down and arcing occur , and reduces the danger of electric shock . | 7 |
a hand - held endless belt abrading machine comprises a base portion and a main portion , which portion is rotatable relative to the base portion around an axis extending in a forward and rearward direction of the abrading machine . the main portion comprises an air motor having a rotational shaft extending in a direction transverse to the abrading machine and projecting from the left end of the air motor , so that an abrading endless belt assembly drivingly connected to the output shaft is positioned to the left relative to the motor and the base portion which is held by a hand of an operator . when a left - handed person uses the abrading machine , the main portion is turned 180 ° relative to the base portion to shift the abrading endless belt assembly to the right relative to the base portion , thereby enabling the operator to readily observe the abrading belt assembly in operation . | 1 |
Supersonic gas turbulence is a ubiquitous property of the interstellar medium. The level of turbulence, quantified by the gas velocity dispersion (σ<SUB>g</SUB>), is observed to increase with the star formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy, but it is yet not established whether this trend is driven by stellar feedback or gravitational instabilities. In this work, we carry out hydrodynamical simulations of entire disc galaxies, with different gas fractions, to understand the origins of the SFR-σ<SUB>g</SUB> relation. We show that disc galaxies reach the same levels of turbulence regardless of the presence of stellar feedback processes, and argue that this is an outcome of the way disc galaxies regulate their gravitational stability. The simulations match the SFR-σ<SUB>g</SUB> relation up to SFRs of the order of tens of ${\rm \, M}_\odot \, {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and $\sigma _{\rm g}\sim 50{\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}} }$ in neutral hydrogen and molecular gas, but fail to reach the very large values ($\gt 100{\, \rm {km\, s^{-1}} }$) reported in the literature for rapidly star-forming galaxies. We demonstrate that such high values of σ<SUB>g</SUB> can be explained by (1) insufficient beam smearing corrections in observations and (2) stellar feedback being coupled to the ionized gas phase traced by recombination lines. Given that the observed SFR-σ<SUB>g</SUB> relation is composed of highly heterogeneous data, with σ<SUB>g</SUB> at high SFRs almost exclusively being derived from H α observations of high-redshift galaxies with complex morphologies, we caution against analytical models that attempt to explain the SFR-σ<SUB>g</SUB> relation without accounting for these effects. | 9 |
presented is a system and methods for receiving metadata , a decryption module and encrypted content from a cable headend , decrypting the encrypted content with the decryption module and presenting the decrypted content to a user . the client device can receive , load and execute any decryption module compatible with the system framework allowing flexibility in the choice or changing of client device manufacturer and / or digital rights management system vendor . | 6 |
a semiconductor device , comprises : a transistor having structured to include a gate electrode formed on a semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating film , and a source layer and a drain layer formed on the semiconductor layer sandwiching the gate electrode ; a hollow portion existing between the source layer and the semiconductor substrate , and between the drain layer and the semiconductor substrate , respectively ; and the hollow portion in absence between the semiconductor layer under the gate electrode and the semiconductor substrate . | 7 |
This patch release fixes an important regression in the 1.3.6 release that resulted in global state to be incorrectly resolved in certain cases. Many thanks to our new contributor @fohrloop and our maintainers @ahuang11, @Hoxbro and @philippjfr for contributing to this release. Bug fixes Ensure ReactiveHTML correctly resets Event parameters (#6247) Fix ChatFeed / ChatInterface tests and async generator placeholders (#6245) Fix logic when looking up pn.state.curdoc (#6254) Handle margin=None in layout sizing mode computation (#6267) Compatibility Updates for compatibility with pandas 2.2 (#6259) Documentation Fix typos and add a cross-reference in docs (User Profiling) (#6263) Improve documentation on TextAreaInput (#6264) | 9 |
an indoor / outdoor water filtering apparatus having a pump electrically connected to a power device supplied by an external power source or a rechargeable battery with a switch for user selection of a plurality of operating modes for filtering water in different environments , wherein a first mode electrically connects a first loop with a first pressure sensor cutting off power when water pressure exceeds an upper limit , a second mode cuts off power , and a third mode electrically connects a second loop with a second pressure sensor cutting off power when water pressure is lower than a lower limit . | 8 |
a system and method of managing light energy are provided . a detecting apparatus detects input information related to input light energy and environmental information related to efficiency of inputting light energy . then , an analysis and management apparatus calculates , analyzes , classifies , manages or optimizes the input information and environmental information by predetermined parameters or rules , and determines whether to take a corresponding action according to results of analysis or management . accordingly , drawbacks of prior arts , that the source of light energy cannot be handled accurately and difficulties in controlling and optimizing light energy persist , can be solved . | 6 |
a method is described for separating and processing liquid - borne particles within an aliquot thereof following injection into a field flow fractionator . said fractionation method may be employed also to capture , for subsequent segregation , specific predefined classes of such particles . the unique fractionation method disclosed contains means to control the applied transverse flow at each designated location along the length of said channel . in one embodiment of the method a separate compartment lies below each distinct location and corresponding membrane supporting permeable frit segment of the fractionator , providing the individual means to control the localized flow through the membrane section thereabove . employment of a corresponding concentric compartment implementation achieves the same type of compartmentalized cross flow when applied to a hollow fiber fractionation means . | 6 |
Radio, sub-millimiter and millimeter ground-based telescopes are powerful instruments for studying the gas and dust-rich regions of the Universe that are invisible at optical wavelengths, but the pointing accuracy is crucial for obtaining high-quality data. Pointing errors are small deviations of the telescope's orientation from its desired direction. The telescopes use linear regression pointing models to correct for these errors, taking into account various factors such as weather conditions, telescope mechanical structure, and the target's position in the sky. However, residual pointing errors can still occur due to factors that are hard to model accurately, such as thermal and gravitational deformation and environmental conditions like humidity and wind. Here we present a proof-of-concept for reducing pointing error for the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in the high-altitude Atacama Desert in Chile based on machine learning. Using historic pointing data from 2022, we trained eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models that reduced the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) for azimuth and elevation (horizontal and vertical angle) pointing corrections by 4.3% and 9.5%, respectively, on hold-out test data. Our results will inform operations of current and future facilities such as the next-generation Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). | 9 |
a high pressure computer controlled liquid jet cutting system particularly adopted for cutting granite on - site at quarries comprising a balanced oscillator , an optional mobile system , a power unit , multiple intensifiers , one or more nozzles with diamond or sapphire orifice and a microcontroller with a control panel for programming and controlling rise and fall , indexer and oscillator system . the computer controlled balanced oscillator with rise and fall in turn comprises a bent cam shaft in cam housing and a drive shaft in a drive housing . the drive shaft on one end has a pulley driven by a motor . also included are means for adjusting the balance . a typical embodiment also includes boom leveling system for tilt , dump and swing , tilting system for chain feed to level and position in travel mode and e chain containing extendible , flexible high pressure hose as well as means for disengaging the oscillator from the high pressure tubing without breaking any fittings for centering purposes . | 1 |
a vessel of substantially uniform curvilinear shape comprising at least one area of a different curvilinear shape that is adapted to closely conform to and engage a number of commonly contoured curvilinear segments on a housing member constructed and arranged to receive an outer covering panel in close fitting relation therewith is disclosed . in addition a method of manufacturing a vessel which comprises at least one area of a different curvilinear shape is also disclosed . | 1 |
Includes data and analysis code associated with the manuscript "Wood traits explain microbial but not termite-driven decay in Australian tropical rainforest and savanna" accepted for publication in the Journal of Ecology (2023). @AmyZanne @stevenallison @elizlilyd | 9 |
the invention relates to a method for synchronizing a communications cycle and a communications node in a network . the node is formed with devices for receiving a desired value for a time base of a communications cycle of the communications node in a communications link to an additional communications node of the network . the node also includes devices for determining a system deviation between the desired value and an actual value of the time base , and a device for generating a manipulated variable for correcting the time base in accordance with the system deviation . | 7 |
in an active equalizer for selectively boosting or attenuating predetermined frequencies of audio or other electrical signals , and which comprises an inverting amplifier having an inverting input which receives the input signal through an input resistance and an output connected with the inverting input through a feedback resistance and at which the equalized output is derived , and an active filter for determining the frequencies to be boosted or attenuated ; there is further provided a change - over switch having a boosting position in which the input signal is applied to the active filter , an attenuating position in which the output of the inverting filter is applied to the active filter and a neutral position , and a potentiometer connected between the output of the active filter and the inverting input of the inverting amplifier and being operable in concert with the change - over switch for determining the extent to which the frequencies determined by the active filter are boosted or attenuated . | 7 |
the present invention discloses a method of manufacturing a display unit of a flat display panel having a wide viewing angle . conventional process , which requires two mask steps for opening contact holes in isolation layers , is improved and merged into only one mask step , whereby the number of masks is reduced from seven to six in fabricating a pixel unit of a fop lcd panel and the cost of fabrication is also reduced . | 7 |
the present invention provides a method for identifying a test compound that binds to a target species . the method includes : incubating at least one test mixture under isothermal denaturing conditions , each test mixture comprising at least one test compound , and at least one target species , wherein the isothermal denaturing conditions are effective to cause at least a portion of the target species to denature to a measurable extent ; detecting a denaturation signal of each target species in the presence of the at least one test compound by a change in the diffusion properties of the target molecule using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ; and comparing the denaturation signal of each target species in the presence of at least one test compound with a denaturation signal of the same target species in the absence of the at least one test compound under the same isothermal denaturing conditions . | 8 |
a method that includes providing lru selection logic which controllably pass requests for access to computer system resources to a shared resource via a first level and a second level , determining whether a request in a request group is active , presenting the request to lru selection logic at the first level , when it is determined that the request is active , determining whether the request is a lru request of the request group at the first level , forwarding the request to the second level when it is determined that the request is the lru request of the request group , comparing the request to an lru request from each of the request groups at the second level to determine whether the request is a lru request of the plurality of request groups , and selecting the lru request of the plurality of request groups to access the shared resource . | 6 |
a cleaning system that utilizes an organic cleaning solvent and pressurized fluid solvent is disclosed . the system has no conventional evaporative hot air drying cycle . instead , the system utilizes the solubility of the organic solvent in pressurized fluid solvent as well as the physical properties of pressurized fluid solvent . after an organic solvent cleaning cycle , the solvent is extracted from the textiles at high speed in a rotating drum in the same way conventional solvents are extracted from textiles in conventional evaporative hot air dry cleaning machines . instead of proceeding to a conventional drying cycle , the extracted textiles are then immersed in pressurized fluid solvent to extract the residual organic solvent from the textiles . this is possible because the organic solvent is soluble in pressurized fluid solvent . after the textiles are immersed in pressurized fluid solvent , pressurized fluid solvent is pumped from the drum . finally , the drum is de - pressurized to atmospheric pressure to evaporate any remaining pressurized fluid solvent , yielding clean , solvent free textiles . the organic solvent is preferably selected from terpenes , halohydrocarbons , certain glycol ethers , polyols , ethers , esters of glycol ethers , esters of fatty acids and other long chain carboxylic acids , fatty alcohols and other long - chain alcohols , short - chain alcohols , polar aprotic solvents , siloxanes , hydrofluoroethers , dibasic esters , and aliphatic hydrocarbons solvents or similar solvents or mixtures of such solvents and the pressurized fluid solvent is preferably densified carbon dioxide . | 1 |
an analog electro - fluidic signal transducer utilizing one or a tandem series of laminar proportional amplifiers . the transducer has input passages at a varying pressure differential produced by movements of a piezoelectric bender bimorph between opposed nozzles in a pressurized chamber . the pressure in the chamber and the excursion of the bender between the nozzles relative to the nozzle diameters are limited to minimize turbulence and achieve a pressure differential between the input passages that varies proportionally to or as an analog of a voltage applied to the bender . the pressure differential between the input passages is amplified by the amplifier or plural amplifiers in tandem series . | 8 |
novel alkaline earth metal fluosilicates which are activated with divalent europium are disclosed corresponding to the formula : m . sub . 1 - x eu . sub . x . sup . 2 + si f . sub . 6 wherein o & lt ; x ≦ 0 . 2 and m represents at least one alkaline earth metal from the group of barium and srontium . these fluosilicates exhibit luminescent activities emitting sharp line radiation in the near ultraviolet region and are especially suited for producing black light , e . g ., within discharge lamps . | 2 |
the invention provides a general fabrication method for producing microelectromechanical systems and related devices using silicon - on - insulator wafer . the method includes providing an soi wafer that has a handle layer , a dielectric layer , and a device layer , wherein a mesa etch has been made on the device layer of the soi wafer , providing a substrate , wherein a pattern has been etched onto the substrate , bonding the soi wafer and the substrate together , removing the handle layer of the soi wafer , removing the dielectric layer of the soi wafer , then performing a structural etch on the device layer of the soi wafer to define the device . | 1 |
flexible square bottom bags which include side gusset panels having central inwardly oriented fin seams and which are sealed adjacent their lowermost corners to portions of the front and rear panels of the bags and wherein the entire width of the lowermost edges of the front and rear panels are sealed to thereby form bags having bottoms reinforced by triangular gusset seals at each corner and which have an outwardly oriented transverse bottom fin seam when erected . | 1 |
new compositions are provided which comprise a substituted phenoxypolyethanol , particularly an ethoxylated alkylphenol , and a sulfosuccinate , particularly a dialkyl sulfosuccinate , and new processes are provided wherein said compositions are used to improve the ability of an aqueous liquid to wet a textile material . | 3 |
<BR /> Aims: Our aim is to investigate the properties of a cluster of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) surrounding a supermassive black hole (SMBH). <BR /> Methods: We simulated clusters of equal-mass IMBHs (m<SUB>IMBH</SUB> = 10<SUP>3</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) initialised in a shell between 0.15 ≤ r [pc] ≤ 0.25 centred about a SMBH. We explored the influence of the cluster population and SMBH on the merger rate, the ejection rate, and the escape velocity. For M<SUB>SMBH</SUB> = 4 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, we used both a Newtonian and post-Newtonian formalism, going up to the 2.5th order and including cross terms. We ran 40 and 60 simulations per cluster population for either formalism, respectively. For the other two SMBH masses (M<SUB>SMBH</SUB> = 4 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and M<SUB>SMBH</SUB> = 4 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>), we modelled the system only taking into account relativistic effects. In the case of M<SUB>SMBH</SUB> = 4 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, 30 simulations were run per population. For M<SUB>SMBH</SUB> = 4 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> we ran ten simulations per population. The simulations ended once a black hole escaped the cluster, a merger occured, or the system evolved until 100 Myr. <BR /> Results: The post-Newtonian formalism accelerates the loss rate of IMBHs compared to the Newtonian formalism. Ejections occur more often for lighter SMBHs while more massive ones increase the rate of mergers. Although relativistic effects allow for circularisation, all merging binaries have e ≳ 0.97 when measured 1 − 2 kyr before the merging event. The strongest gravitational wave signals are often sourced by IMBH-SMBH binaries that eventually merge. Strong signals were suppressed during our Newtonian calculations since, here, the IMBH typically stalls in the vicinity of the SMBH, before being generally ejected via the slingshot mechanism or experiencing a head-on collision. Weaker and more frequent signals are expected from gravitational wave radiation emitted in a flyby. In our post-Newtonian calculations, 30/406 (7.4%) of the gravitational wave events capable of being observed with LISA and μAres were detected as gravitational wave capture binaries with the remaining being in-cluster mergers. Throughout our investigation, no IMBH-IMBH binaries were detected. | 9 |
a measuring device for use in golfing is disclosed . the device employs a fixed diameter measuring wheel , a magnetic revolution sensor , and a solar powered digital display to measure and display distance travelled by the wheel . display and counter are reset to zero through the use of a phototransistor reset sensor . the device is rapidly connectable and disconnectable from a golf cart , and thus is portable . it is precalibrated , and is readily adaptable for use with a hand - pulled or a motorized golf cart . attachment of the device to an extension handle rather than a golf cart converts it for use in an independent manual mode . in a further embodiment of the measuring device , the device is programmable by the user to receive and store data corresponding to a measured dimension of the wheel , and is provided with electronics circuitry for measuring the distance travelled by the golf cart in consecutive increments in response to each consecutive revolution of the wheel . | 8 |
Context. A new, self-consistent, scale-free theory of stellar convection was recently developed (SFCT) in which velocities, dimensions, and energy fluxes carried by the convective elements are defined in a rest frame co-moving with the convective element itself. As the dynamics of the problem is formulated in a different framework with respect to the mixing length theory (MLT), the SFCT equations are sufficient to determine all the properties of stellar convection in accordance with the physics of the environment alone, with no need for the mixing length parameter (MLP). Subsequently, the SFCT was improved by introducing suitable boundary conditions at the surface of the external convective zones of the stars, and the first stellar models and evolutionary tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram were calculated. <BR /> Aims: The SFCT received alternatively positive and negative attention that spurred us to reconsider the whole problem. In this work, we aim to re-examine the physical foundations and results of the SFCT, elucidate some misconceptions on its physical foundations, reply to reported criticisms, and present some recent improvements to the SFCT. <BR /> Methods: The analysis was done using the same formalism of the previous studies, but novel arguments and demonstrations are added to better justify the controversial points, in particular the relaxation of instantaneous hydrostatic equilibrium between a convective element and the surrounding medium. <BR /> Results: The main results include (i) a novel detailed discussion of the boundary conditions to ensure that the temperature gradients in the outermost regions of a star are adequate for analyses of stability or instability in asteroseismology; (ii) a quantitative comparison with the MLT; and, finally, (iii) the recovery of the MLT as a particular case of the SFCT, but also in this case with no need for the MLP. <BR /> Conclusions: In conclusion, the SFCT is a step forward with respect to the classical MLT. | 9 |
a flagpole for flags and pennants . clips on the flag or pennant are rotatably received in circumferential grooves on the flagpole to prevent the flag or banner from becoming fouled or wrapped around the flagpole . an adjustable bracket is provided for holding the base of the flagpole relative to a supporting surface . | 6 |
a vacuum sputtering cathode has a hollow structure able to rotate about its axis and a magnetic confinement circuit arranged peripherally about said structure . the cathode according to the invention is particularly suitable for the rapid dissipation of the thermal energy given off by the sputtering process and in particular for the sputtering of metals with a low melting point . | 7 |
a method of manufacturing a solid type secondary battery and a solid type secondary battery manufactured using the same , in which positive and negative electrodes include silicon carbide and silicon nitride , nonaqueous electrolyte includes ion exchange resin or ion exchange inorganic substance , the method including the steps of manufacturing a positive electrode print layer 2 , a negative electrode print layer 3 , and a nonaqueous electrolyte print layer 4 by mixing each pigment powder of 100 parts by weight for materials of the positive electrode layer , the negative electrode layer , and the nonaqueous electrolyte layer with water - soluble silicon resin of 1 to 50 parts by weight and water of 10 to 100 parts by weight ; sequentially performing layered printing for each print layer ; and drying the stack . | 8 |
a protective sheet mount structure for a display is provided which may be employed in electronic cash registers , for example . the structure includes a frame mount formed on a frame of a display around an opening through which a display screen is exposed , a protective sheet covering the display screen , and a sheet mount frame fitted in the frame mount detachably to retain the protective sheet on the frame of the display . | 6 |
a coding system for elements of machine tools , particularly of the numerically controlled type , consisting of a &# 34 ; bar &# 34 ; code applied to the element to be coded , and read by a reading head provided with a code detecting sensor connected to a circuit for transforming the code into signals fed to utilization circuits which operate by comparing the read message with a set signal . | 6 |
an ic module , such as a multi - chip module , includes multiple ic dice , each having a test mode enable bond pad , such as an output enable pad . a fuse incorporated into the mcm &# 39 ; s substrate connects each die &# 39 ; s test mode enable bond pad to one of the mcm &# 39 ; s no - connection pins , and a resistor incorporated into the substrate connects the test mode enable bond pads to one of the mcm &# 39 ; s ground pins . by applying a supply voltage to the test mode enable bond pads through the n / c pin , a test mode is initiated in the dice . once testing is complete , the fuse may be blown , and a ground voltage applied to the test mode enable bond pads through the ground pins so the resistor disables the test mode in the dice and initiates an operational mode . as a result , dice packaged in ic modules may be tested after packaging . | 7 |
a method and apparatus for improving the functionality , quality , and usefulness of a beam of coherent energy used in laser shock processing by utilizing an apodizer within the oscillator or amplifier of a laser . the apodizer used may be a phase plate , a serrated aperture , a birefringent beam shaper , an absorbent graded aperture , a reflective graded aperture , or a combination thereof . a method and apparatus for reducing or preventing damage to an oscillator and an amplifier utilizes an apodizer . | 1 |
We perform hydrodynamic simulations of mass transfer in binaries that contain a white dwarf and a neutron star (WD-NS binaries), and measure the specific angular momentum of material lost from the binary in disc winds. By incorporating our results within a long-term evolution model, we measure the long-term stability of mass transfer in these binaries. We find that only binaries containing helium white dwarfs (WDs) with masses less than a critical mass of M<SUB>WD, crit</SUB> = 0.2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> undergo stable mass transfer and evolve into ultracompact X-ray binaries. Systems with higher mass WDs experience unstable mass transfer, which leads to tidal disruption of the WD. Our low critical mass compared to the standard jet-only model of mass-loss arises from the efficient removal of angular momentum in the mechanical disc winds, which develop at highly super-Eddington mass-transfer rates. We find that the eccentricities expected for WD-NS binaries when they come into contact do not affect the loss of angular momentum, and can only affect the long-term evolution if they change on shorter time-scales than the mass-transfer rate. Our results are broadly consistent with the observed numbers of both ultracompact X-ray binaries and radio pulsars with WD companions. The observed calcium-rich gap transients are consistent with the merger rate of unstable systems with higher mass WDs. | 9 |
an improved testing assessment tool and methodology maps the testing maturity model structure to individual test areas , thereby enabling comprehensive and targeted improvement . in this way , the present invention uses the five tmm maturity levels to assess individual areas , rather than merely assigning a single maturity level to the entire organization . embodiments of the present invention include a quick assessment that includes a relatively small number of questions to be subjectively answered using the tmm hierarchy . embodiments of the present invention further include a full assessment that includes a relatively large number of questions to be discretely answered , with these results being use to evaluate various testing areas using the tmm hierarchy . | 6 |
a method of manufacturing semiconductor devices in which scan data for a current layer of a wafer of a lot being manufactured is compared to previous scan data for previous lots that has been stored in a defect management system . the automatic defect classification system determines whether additional wafers need to be scanned in order to obtain accurate defect data for the production lot to determine whether the current lot should or should not be placed on hold . | 7 |
sorting unit for belt conveyor plants , of the type comprising a first sorting conveyor belt extending between first transmission rollers and revolvingly oscillating around a first oscillation axis , extending in parallel and close to one of its longitudinal edges . a second sorting belt is also provided , which extends between second transmission rollers and is placed aside the first sorting belt at the opposite side to the first oscillation axis , as well as revolvingly oscillating around a second oscillation axis running in parallel and in correspondence of its longitudinal edge placed at the opposite side with respect to the first sorting belt . | 1 |
Contemporary cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments typically have observing bands covering the range 20 - 800 GHz. Certain science goals, including the detection of $\mu$-type distortions to the CMB spectrum and the characterization of low-frequency foregrounds, benefit from extended low-frequency coverage, but the standard CMB detector technology is not trivially adaptable to radio wavelengths. We propose using the upcoming Square Kilometer Array (SKA) as a CMB experiment, exploiting the immense raw sensitivity of SKA, in particular in single-dish mode, to measure medium-to-large-angular-scale modes of the CMB at radio wavelengths. As a worked example, we forecast the power of SKA combined with the upcoming LiteBIRD CMB space mission to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity through measurements of the correlation between anisotropies in the CMB $\mu$-distortion, temperature, and $E$-mode polarization fields. We find that adding SKA data significantly improves the constraints on $f_\textrm{nl}$, even for spatially varying low-frequency foregrounds. | 9 |
We present a statistical study of the temporal- and spatial-scale characteristics of different field-aligned current (FAC) types derived with the Swarm satellite formation. We divide FACs into two classes: small-scale, up to some 10 km, which are carried predominantly by kinetic Alfvén waves, and large-scale FACs with sizes of more than 150 km. For determining temporal variability we consider measurements at the same point, the orbital crossovers near the poles, but at different times. From correlation analysis we obtain a persistent period of small-scale FACs of order 10 s, while large-scale FACs can be regarded stationary for more than 60 s. For the first time we investigate the longitudinal scales. Large-scale FACs are different on dayside and nightside. On the nightside the longitudinal extension is on average 4 times the latitudinal width, while on the dayside, particularly in the cusp region, latitudinal and longitudinal scales are comparable. | 9 |
Context. As a universally accepted definition of a vortex has not yet been established, the community lacks an unambiguous and rigorous method for identifying vortices in fluid flows. Such a method would be useful for conducting robust statistical studies on vortices in highly dynamical and turbulent systems such as the solar atmosphere. <BR /> Aims: We aim to develop an innovative and robust automated methodology for the identification of vortices based on local and global characteristics of the flow, while avoiding the use of a threshold that could potentially prevent the detection of weak vortices in the process. <BR /> Methods: We present a new method that combines the rigor of mathematical criteria with the global perspective of morphological techniques. The core of the method consists of an estimation of the center of rotation for every point of the flow that presents some degree of curvature in its neighborhood. For this purpose, we employed the Rortex criterion and combined it with morphological considerations of the velocity field. We then identified coherent vortical structures based on clusters of estimated centers of rotation. <BR /> Results: We demonstrate that the Rortex is a more reliable criterion than the swirling strength and the vorticity for the extraction of physical information from vortical flows, because it measures the rigid-body rotational part of the flow alone and is not biased by the presence of pure or intrinsic shears. We show that the method performs well in the context of a simplistic test case composed of two Lamb-Oseen vortices. We combined the proposed method with a state-of-the-art clustering algorithm to build an automated vortex identification algorithm. The algorithm was applied to an artificial flow composed of multiple Lamb-Oseen vortices, with a random noisy background, and to the turbulent flow of a simulated magneto-hydrodynamical Orszag-Tang vortex test. The results demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the method. <BR /> Conclusions: The present automated vortex identification method can be considered a new tool for the detection and study of vortices in dynamical and turbulent (magneto)hydrodynamical flows. By applying the implemented algorithm to numerical simulations and observational data, as well as comparing it to existing detection methods, we seek to successively improve the reliability of the detections and, ultimately, our knowledge on swirling motions in the solar, stellar, and planetary atmospheres. | 9 |
an integral revolution clutch is provided wherein a motor rotates a drive pulley which continuously drives an idler pulley through a belt . a drive shaft is provided with a segment of a circle thereon connectable to the idler pulley by means of the belt . a spring means urges the segment into contact with the belt and a stop means normally prevents contact . when the stop means is deactivated , the segment is drawn between the belt and the pulley , causing the shaft on which the segment is located to make an integral number of revolutions until the stop means is restored . in a similar manner , power can be taken directly from the drive pulley . | 8 |
This work was accepted in the inter-journal Special Issue "The Weddell Sea and the ocean off Dronning Maud Land: unique oceanographic conditions shape circumpolar and global processes – a multi-disciplinary study". https://os.copernicus.org/articles/special_issue1161.html | 9 |
a magnetiser for a pipeline inspection tool . the magnetiser comprises a ferromagnetic base member , a pair of driving magnets mounted at spatially separate locations on the base member and a flux enhancing magnet mounted on the base member adjacent to one or both of the driving magnets . the directions of magnetisation of the pair of driving magnets extend in opposite senses to each other , towards and away from the base member respectively to create a magnetic circuit that includes a flux path between the driving magnets which passes through the base member . the flux enhancing magnet has a direction of magnetisation substantially aligned with the direction of magnetic flux on the flux path , the flux enhancing magnet being magnetically coupled to the adjacent driving magnets to drive flux around the magnetic circuit and thereby enhance the magnitude of a magnetic field exhibited by the magnetic circuit outside the magnetiser . | 7 |
when the impedance of a first circuit is deviated from a standard value , a second circuit is designed for generating a second reflected wave to cancel a first reflected wave generated by the first circuit . individual structural parts in a transmission line are intentionally designed to be deviated from a standard impedance reversely under a fine control . by this method , the impedance matching between the input and output impedance of the semiconductor element and the transmission line is achieved . as a result , the terminal impedance of the component of the semiconductor circuit and the semiconductor package substrate is adjusted to 50 ohm , so that a good signal property can be obtained . | 7 |
the invention relates to crystalline barium salt of - omeprazole , which is - 5 - methoxy - 2 -- methyl ] sulfinyl ]- 1 h - benzimidazole . the invention also relates to processes for preparing crystalline barium salt of - omeprazole and pharmaceutical compositions that include the crystalline barium salt of - omeprazole so prepared . | 2 |
an area efficient realization of an n - bit constant coefficient adder / subtractor implemented on fpgas , utilizing n luts with single output generation capability . it includes three inputs from every lut for addition / subtraction , without any requirement for extra logic for support of arithmetic mode and carry chains . for fpgas supporting 4 - input luts , the concept is further enhanced with the capability to perform addition and subtraction dynamically , by exploiting the fourth unused input of the luts . another embodiment involves delay - optimized realization of an n - bit constant coefficient adder / subtractor implemented on fpgas with 4 - input luts . luts in the implementation have single output generation capability without any carry generation and propagation . the implementation utilizes n + 1 luts and gives a delay proportional to n / 2 of routing resource used . however , the implementation becomes more efficient by the use of cascade chains . the delay optimization is achieved by doing computation in two parallel chains . | 6 |
an open color management system allows any of a plurality of input color devices to share data with any of a plurality of output color devices . the color management system includes a networked connection space for input and output device communication , an input color profile for each input device , an output color profile for each output device , and an open color manager which links a given input device with a selected output device . when linking devices , an input color space dataset having black plus multiple color channels is parsed with the input and output color profiles at a job time to create an output color space dataset having black plus multiple color channels for imaging by the output device without degrading color accuracy while preserving black channel information . a method for open color management and an open color manager for use in an open color management system are also provided . | 7 |
implementations of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses , systems , and methods for constructing , installing , and using a compression follower in a tubular firearm magazine . in particular , the compression follower resides inside a shotgun magazine and replaces the standard follower . the compression follower has a compressible tail , thereby providing the capacity of a standard follower and increased reliability by aligning the follower and a magazine spring . | 5 |
a process for forming printed circuit boards having integral inductor cores . according to the invention , a thin nickel layer is formed on a copper foil . the copper foil structure is then laminated to a substrate such that the nickel layer is in contact with the substrate . the copper foil is removed , leaving the nickel layer on the substrate . using photomechanical imaging and etching techniques known in the art , nife is plated and patterned directly on the nickel layer , thereby forming integral inductor cores of the substrate . this process of the present invention allows for the elimination of several steps used in known processes , while also reducing etch time and minimizing waste of nife . | 7 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for performing motion estimation and compensation to fractional pixel accuracy using polyphase prediction filters as part of a video compression / decompression technique . a motion estimator applies a set of polyphase filters to some data in the reference picture and generates motion vectors , an estimated macroblock of video data , and a residual error macroblock of video data . the data referenced in the reference picture usually have more data than a macroblock since multi - tap filtering needs to access more data . a motion compensator generates a compensated macroblock of video data in response to the reference video data , the residual error macroblock of video data , and a polyphase prediction filter decided by the motion vector . the reference video data are usually reconstructed at the compensator side . | 7 |
a method for digital data transmission from a sensor to a control unit is described , the sensor values of the sensor being divided for data transmission at different resolutions . the sensor values form a first range of values including successive sensor values . the first range of values for data transmission is divided as a function of a variable relevant for the control unit . | 1 |
an external operating handle mechanism for a mold cased circuit breaker comprising : an external operating handle ; a pinion gear coupled to the external operating handle to be rotatable in response to a rotation of the external operating handle ; a movable member provided with a rack gear portion coupled to the pinion gear to be linearly movable according to the rotation of the pinion gear , and provided with a handle connecting portion connected to the handle of the mold cased circuit breaker to linearly move the handle of the mold cased circuit breaker ; and a guide member for guiding the movable member to linearly move , by which it is easy to control a stroke required for a displacement of the handle of the mold cased circuit breaker and the displacement of the external operating handle according to the stroke , and it is possible to accurately and efficiently transfer power upon performing a reset operation . accordingly , unreasonable force may not be applied to resin molding components related to the reset operation including a handle among switching mechanisms , and thus damage or deformation of these components and a unsuccessful or imperfect reset operation can be prevented . | 7 |
Context. Magnetars are isolated neutron stars characterized by their variable high-energy emission, which is powered by the dissipation of enormous internal magnetic fields. The measured spin-down of magnetars constrains the magnetic dipole to be in the range of 10<SUP>14</SUP> - 10<SUP>15</SUP> G. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is considered to be a promising mechanism to amplify the magnetic field in fast-rotating protoneutron stars and form magnetars. This scenario is supported by many local studies that have shown that magnetic fields could be amplified by the MRI on small scales. However, the efficiency of the MRI at generating a dipole field is still unknown. <BR /> Aims: To answer this question, we study the MRI dynamo in an idealized global model of a fast rotating protoneutron star with differential rotation. <BR /> Methods: Using the pseudo-spectral code MagIC, we performed three-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics simulations in spherical geometry with explicit diffusivities where the differential rotation is forced at the outer boundary. We performed a parameter study in which we varied the initial magnetic field and investigated different magnetic boundary conditions. These simulations were compared to local shearing box simulations performed with the code Snoopy. <BR /> Results: We obtain a self-sustained turbulent MRI-driven dynamo, whose saturated state is independent of the initial magnetic field. The MRI generates a strong turbulent magnetic field of B ≥ 2 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> G and a nondominant magnetic dipole, which represents systematically about 5% of the averaged magnetic field strength. Interestingly, this dipole is tilted toward the equatorial plane. By comparing these results with shearing box simulations, we find that local models can reproduce fairly well several characteristics of global MRI turbulence such as the kinetic and magnetic spectra. The turbulence is nonetheless more vigorous in the local models than in the global ones. Moreover, overly large boxes allow for elongated structures to develop without any realistic curvature constraint, which may explain why these models tend to overestimate the field amplification. <BR /> Conclusions: Overall, our results support the ability of the MRI to form magnetar-like large-scale magnetic fields. They furthermore predict the presence of a stronger small-scale magnetic field. The resulting magnetic field could be important to power outstanding stellar explosions, such as superluminous supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. | 9 |
a system for verifying data used to control hardware devices in a peer - to - peer environment . the system relies primary on other peers or peer to act as an entity that vouches for the validity of the data . | 7 |
Using transit spectroscopy, exocomets are routinely observed in the young planetary system of β Pic. However, despite more than 35 yr of observations, we still have very little information on the physical properties and almost no information on the abundances of the gaseous clouds surrounding the comets' nuclei, the difficulty being the conversion of the observed absorption profiles into column density measurements. Here, we present a new method to interpret the exocomet absorptions observed in β Pic spectrum and link them to the physical properties of the transiting cometary tails (e.g. size, temperature, and column density). We show that the absorption depth of a comet in a set of lines arising from similar excitation levels of a given chemical species follows a simple curve as a function of g·f, where f is the line oscillator strength and g its lower level multiplicity. This curve is the analogue of the curve of growth for interstellar absorption lines, where equivalent widths are replaced by absorption depths. To fit this exocomet curve of growth, we introduced a model where the cometary absorption is produced by a homogeneous cloud, covering only a limited fraction of the stellar disc. This model is defined by two parameters: α, characterising the size of the cloud relative to the star, and β, related to the optical depth of the absorbing gas. This model was tested on two comets observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in December 1997 and October 2018, in a set of lines of ionised iron (Fe II) at 2750 Å. The measured absorption depths are found to satisfactory match the two-parameter curve of growth model, indicating that both comets cover roughly 40% of the stellar disc (α = 0.4) and have optical thicknesses close to unity in those lines (β ~ 1). Then, we show that if we consider a set of lines arising from a wider range of energy levels, the absorbing species seems to be populated at thermodynamical equilibrium, causing the cometary absorption to follow a curve of growth as a function of g f ⋅ e<SUP>−E<SUB>l</SUB>/k<SUB>B</SUB>T</SUP> (where T is the temperature of the absorbing medium). For the comet observed on December 6, 1997, we derive a temperature of T = 10 500 ± 500 K and a total Fe II column density of N<SUB>FeII</SUB> = (1.11 ± 0.09) × 10<SUP>15</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. By considering the departure from the Boltzmann distribution of the highest excited energy levels (E<SUB>l</SUB> ~ 25 000 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>), we also estimate an electronic density of n<SUB>e</SUB> ≈ (3 ± 1) × 10<SUP>7</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP>. | 9 |
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models offer one way to reconcile inconsistencies between observations and predictions from collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) models on dwarf-galaxy scales. In order to incorporate the effects of both baryonic and SIDM interactions, we study a suite of cosmological-baryonic simulations of Milky-Way (MW)-mass galaxies from the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE-2) project where we vary the SIDM self-interaction cross-section σ/m. We compare the shape of the main dark matter (DM) halo at redshift z = 0 predicted by SIDM simulations (at σ/m = 0.1, 1, and 10 cm<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP>) with CDM simulations using the same initial conditions. In the presence of baryonic feedback effects, we find that SIDM models do not produce the large differences in the inner structure of MW-mass galaxies predicted by SIDM-only models. However, we do find that the radius where the shape of the total mass distribution begins to differ from that of the stellar mass distribution is dependent on σ/m. This transition could potentially be used to set limits on the SIDM cross-section in the MW. | 9 |
a method and system of forming a lateral wellbore in a time and trip saving manner using a mill / drill to locate and place a casing window . in one aspect of the invention , a lateral wellbore is drilled with liner which is subsequently left in the lateral wellbore to line the sides thereof . in another aspect , the mill / drill is rotated with a rotary steerable system and in another aspect , the mill / drill is rotated with a downhole motor or a drill stem . | 4 |
a ski brake having two braking legs , which in the braking position project next to the two ski edges below the running surface of the ski . the braking legs are the free ends of at least one braking bar which is formed preferably of a spring wire by being bent and curved , which braking bar can be swung against a vertically acting spring force of return spring which is produced when a ski boot or a sole plate urges the ski brake from the braking position into a retracted position , in which position the two braking legs are supported lying approximately parallel with respect to and above the upper surface of the ski , which vertical force is diverted by guide means substantially at a right angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ski and thus the braking bars are either spread apart or pulled in . | 0 |
a transportation container retention device includes a main panel and an extension panel . the extension panel includes a bottom edge connected to a top edge of the main panel and is configured such that the extension panel can be moved from a first position in which the extension panel overlays the main panel to a second position in which the extension panel is contiguous to the main panel . in this configuration , the transportation retention device is operable to retain various heights of articles located on transportation containers . | 1 |
Breaking Changes This release does not contain breaking changes. Bug Fixes Hyperparameter evolution fixed, tutorial added (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/607) Added Functionality PyTorch 1.6 native AMP replaces NVIDIA Apex AMP (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/573) nn.Hardswish() activations replace nn.LeakyReLU(0.1) in base convolution module models.Conv() Dataset Autodownload feature added (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/685) Model Autodownload improved (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/711) Layer freezing code added (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/679) TensorRT export tutorial added (https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/623) <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/26833433/85340570-30360a80-b49b-11ea-87cf-bdf33d53ae15.png" width="1000">** GPU Speed measures end-to-end time per image averaged over 5000 COCO val2017 images using a V100 GPU with batch size 8, and includes image preprocessing, PyTorch FP16 inference, postprocessing and NMS. August 13, 2020: v3.0 release: nn.Hardswish() activations, data autodownload, native AMP. July 23, 2020: v2.0 release: improved model definition, training and mAP. June 22, 2020: PANet updates: new heads, reduced parameters, improved speed and mAP 364fcfd. June 19, 2020: FP16 as new default for smaller checkpoints and faster inference d4c6674. June 9, 2020: CSP updates: improved speed, size, and accuracy (credit to @WongKinYiu for CSP). May 27, 2020: Public release. YOLOv5 models are SOTA among all known YOLO implementations. April 1, 2020: Start development of future compound-scaled YOLOv3/YOLOv4-based PyTorch models. Pretrained Checkpoints v3.0 with nn.Hardswish() Model AP<sup>val</sup> AP<sup>test</sup> AP<sub>50</sub> Speed<sub>GPU</sub> FPS<sub>GPU</sub> params FLOPS YOLOv5s 37.0 37.0 56.2 2.4ms 476 7.5M 13.2B YOLOv5m 44.3 44.3 63.2 3.4ms 333 21.8M 39.4B YOLOv5l 47.7 47.7 66.5 4.4ms 256 47.8M 88.1B YOLOv5x 49.2 49.2 67.7 6.9ms 164 89.0M 166.4B YOLOv5x + TTA 50.8 50.8 68.9 25.5ms 39 89.0M 354.3B YOLOv3-SPP 45.6 45.5 65.2 4.5ms 222 63.0M 118.0B AP<sup>test</sup> denotes COCO test-dev2017 server results, all other AP results in the table denote val2017 accuracy. All AP numbers are for single-model single-scale without ensemble or test-time augmentation. Reproduce by python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 640 --conf 0.001 Speed<sub>GPU</sub> measures end-to-end time per image averaged over 5000 COCO val2017 images using a GCP n1-standard-16 instance with one V100 GPU, and includes image preprocessing, PyTorch FP16 image inference at --batch-size 32 --img-size 640, postprocessing and NMS. Average NMS time included in this chart is 1-2ms/img. Reproduce by python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 640 --conf 0.1 All checkpoints are trained to 300 epochs with default settings and hyperparameters (no autoaugmentation). Test Time Augmentation (TTA) runs at 3 image sizes. Reproduce** by python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 832 --augment v2.0 with nn.LeakyReLU(0.1) Model AP<sup>val</sup> AP<sup>test</sup> AP<sub>50</sub> Speed<sub>GPU</sub> FPS<sub>GPU</sub> params FLOPS YOLOv5s 36.1 36.1 55.3 2.2ms 476 7.5M 13.2B YOLOv5m 43.5 43.5 62.5 3.2ms 333 21.8M 39.4B YOLOv5l 47.0 47.1 65.6 4.1ms 256 47.8M 88.1B YOLOv5x 49.0 49.0 67.4 6.4ms 164 89.0M 166.4B YOLOv5x + TTA 50.4 50.4 68.5 23.4ms 43 89.0M 354.3B YOLOv3-SPP 45.6 45.5 65.2 4.5ms 222 63.0M 118.0B AP<sup>test</sup> denotes COCO test-dev2017 server results, all other AP results in the table denote val2017 accuracy. All AP numbers are for single-model single-scale without ensemble or test-time augmentation. Reproduce by python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 672 --conf 0.001 Speed<sub>GPU</sub> measures end-to-end time per image averaged over 5000 COCO val2017 images using a GCP n1-standard-16 instance with one V100 GPU, and includes image preprocessing, PyTorch FP16 image inference at --batch-size 32 --img-size 640, postprocessing and NMS. Average NMS time included in this chart is 1-2ms/img. Reproduce by python test.py --data coco.yaml --img 640 --conf 0.1 All checkpoints are trained to 300 epochs with default settings and hyperparameters (no autoaugmentation). | 9 |
The new generation of radio interferometers is characterized by high sensitivity, wide fields of view and large fractional bandwidth. To synthesize the deepest images enabled by the high dynamic range of these instruments requires us to take into account the direction-dependent Jones matrices, while estimating the spectral properties of the sky in the imaging and deconvolution algorithms. In this paper we discuss and implement a wideband wide-field spectral deconvolution framework (DDFacet) based on image plane faceting, that takes into account generic direction-dependent effects. Specifically, we present a wide-field co-planar faceting scheme, and discuss the various effects that need to be taken into account to solve for the deconvolution problem (image plane normalization, position-dependent Point Spread Function, etc). We discuss two wideband spectral deconvolution algorithms based on hybrid matching pursuit and sub-space optimisation respectively. A few interesting technical features incorporated in our imager are discussed, including baseline dependent averaging, which has the effect of improving computing efficiency. The version of DDFacet presented here can account for any externally defined Jones matrices and/or beam patterns. | 9 |
the invention relates to a plasma processing reactor for processing a substrate . the plasma processing reactor includes a process chamber . the plasma processing reactor further includes an inductive coil configured to be coupled to a rf power source having a rf frequency wherein the inductive coil generates an electric field inside of the process chamber . the plasma processing reactor additionally includes a magnetic field producing device configured to produce a magnetic field inside the process chamber in proximity of the electric field . | 7 |
a system for monitoring the condition of impulse lines to a differential pressure sensor . the lines may be connected at two locations of a pressure source , such as a pipe having a fluid flow . one line may direct a pressure of the source to one side of a piezoelectric diaphragm and another line may direct another pressure to the other side of the piezoelectric diaphragm . the diaphragm may provide an electrical indication of the differential pressure between both sides of the diaphragm . one of the lines may also be connected to a piezoelectric diaphragm of a static pressure sensor . the latter diaphragm may provide an electrical indication of static pressure . detection and comparison of noise levels of the electrical indications of the pressures may indicate if one or both lines are plugged , and which one if not both . | 6 |
light exposure apparatus comprises a light source , a spectral filter perivious to light of a prescribed wavelength range , a glass member whose cut - off frequency in the prescribed wavelength range is variable with temperature , and a temperature control for controlling the temperature of the glass member . intensity of the light from the light source , passing through the spectral filter and glass member , and impinging upon the surface subject to light - exposure is controlled by the temperature control . | 7 |
a slurry composition for chemical mechanical polishing is provided . the slurry has a component of abrasives , such as alumina , silica , ceria , etc , an aqueous ozone with determined concentration , and an additive . a ph value of the slurry composition is between 1 and 10 . | 2 |
a system comprising a processor adapted to activate multiple security levels for the system and a monitoring device coupled to the processor and employing security rules pertaining to the multiple security levels . the monitoring device restricts usage of the system if the processor activates the security levels in a sequence contrary to the security rules . | 6 |
a portable radio telephone is provided with a headset having a user actuable switch and a microphone . the handset of the radio telephone includes circuitry for responding to the operation of the headset by the user to select or generate information such as a telephone number . | 7 |
in a method and to a system suited for monitoring the behaviour of a drill bit , the damping associated with a natural mode of the torsional oscillations measured by at least one measuring device placed in the drill string is determined . the appearance of a stick - slip type dysfunctioning is predicted when the damping value decreases significantly as a function of time , and drilling parameters are then varied in order to avoid the appearance of the dysfunctioning . | 4 |
We have analyzed the kinematics of OB stars from the list by Xiang et al. (2021) that contains ${∼}13 000$ single OB stars. For these stars there are photometric distance estimates and proper motions from the Gaia catalogue and line-of-sight velocities from the LAMOST catalogue. Based on a sample of single OB stars and using the photometric distances and proper motions of stars from the Gaia EDR3 catalogue, we have found the group velocity components $(U_{\odot},V_{\odot},W_{\odot})=(9.63,9.93,7.45)±(0.27,0.34,0.10)$ km s${}^{-1}$ and the following parameters of the angular velocity of Galactic rotation: $Ω<SUB>0</SUB>=29.20± 0.18$ km s${}^{-1}$ kpc${}^{-1}$, $Ω^'<SUB>0</SUB>={-}4.150± 0.046$ km s${}^{-1}$ kpc${}^{-2}$, and $Ω^''<SUB>0</SUB>=0.795± 0.018$ km s${}^{-1}$ kpc${}^{-3}$, where the error per unit weight $σ<SUB>0</SUB>$ is 9.56 km s${}^{-1}$ and $V<SUB>0</SUB>=236.5± 3.3$ km s${}^{-1}$ (for the adopted $R<SUB>0</SUB>=8.1± 0.1$ kpc). Based on the same OB stars, we have found the residual velocity dispersions $(σ<SUB>1</SUB>,σ<SUB>2</SUB>,σ<SUB>3</SUB>)=(15.13,9.69,7.98)±(0.07,0.05,0.04)$ km s${}^{-1}$. We show that using the line-of-sight velocities increases significantly the space velocity dispersion and leads to a biased estimate of the velocity $U_{\odot}$. A comparison of the distances scales used has shown that the photometric distances from Xiang et al. (2021) should be lengthened approximately by 10${%}$. | 9 |
the door lock with a clutch having a cam - styled axle sleeve comprises mainly of an outer lock part and an inner lock part , both the housings of the outer and the inner lock parts are provided with a handle to rotate the internal rotation axle thereof . the rotation axle of the outer lock part is provided thereon with the cam - styled axle sleeve ; the rotation axle of the inner lock part is further connected with a second rotation axle . the axle sleeve of the outer lock part is controlled for positioning and moving by a control device . when the axle sleeve is positioned , the rotation axle of the outer lock part and the second rotation axle of the inner one are separated . therefore , a dead bolt and a latch bolt protruding out of the door are not influenced by the rotation of the handle of the outer lock part ; when the axle sleeve is moved forwards , the second rotation axle of the inner lock is integrally connected with the axle sleeve to control extending / contracting of the dead bolt and the latch bolt on the door . | 8 |
resilient shock absorbing pads that fully support ground contacting portions of machines , equipment or other loads and , thereby , provide protection from shocks and vibration . the pads receive the ground contacting portions of a load , such as a base plate . described pads are square - shaped and are substantially formed of a resilient shock and vibration absorbing material , such as elastomer . it is particularly preferred that the pads be fashioned from compression - molded crumb rubber that is readily available from recycled tires . the pads also include structures , such as recessed portions or an upwardly extending rigid dowel , that help to stabilize a load . | 5 |
various embodiments related to a card reader are described . according to an embodiment , the card reader comprises : a card reader body part ; a contact card recognition module included in the card reader body part ; a circuit board having a contactless card recognition module included in the card reader body part ; a card insertion hole which is formed in the card reader body part and allows a contact card and a contactless card to be inserted ; and a rotation guide part rotatably provided within the card insertion hole , wherein the rotation guide part may recognize the contact card in the contact card recognition module by passing the contact card through the card insertion hole according to a rotation , and may recognize the contactless card in the contactless card recognition module by limiting a movement according to a contact after inserting the contactless card into the card insertion hole . in addition , various other embodiments are possible . | 6 |
a deck construction including a plurality of supports for anchoring deck construction elements to a building site . the supports include a body having upper and lower portions . the upper portion includes at least one slot for seating a horizontally oriented construction member . the slot includes a center socket portion having four extended corners for seating the bottom end of a vertically oriented construction member . the slot and center socket are defined by connecting wall portions which may be integral to the body or may be of plastic or metal and suitable secured to the body . in some cases , two mutually perpendicular slots are provided . | 4 |
a method and structure for a driver circuit having a plurality of parallel resistors , where a total impedance of all the resistors equals an impedance of an associated transmission line and a switch adapted to combine the resistors to control an output level of the driver . the driver circuit &# 39 ; s switch selectively connects the resistors to either a voltage high signal or a voltage low signal . the first set of the switches connect a voltage high signal to a first resistor of the resistors and a second set of switches connect a voltage low signal to a second resistor of the resistors . the switch has a matched pair of opposite type transistors . the driver circuit has balancing resistors connected to the switch , the balancing resistors are sized to balance the resistance within the driver circuit . the resistors are the balancing resistors and the drivers are connected to the switches . | 7 |
improved dry soft powdering vinylic filler products and processes for producing the same are disclosed . the vinylic filler material consists essentially of spheruloidal organic polymer material three dimensionally crosslinked to essential insolubility in any physical solvent and having primary particles in the colloidal size range of about 5 millimicrons to not more than 4 . 0 microns average diameter ; said spheruloidal particles having on the surfaces thereof from 0 to an equal weight based on the spheruloids , of an insoluble coloring component , said coloring component , when present , comprising organic and / or inorganic material at least in part precipitated in insoluble form onto said surfaces from water soluble precursor material thereof in aqueous solution . the improved product is formed by treating the aqueously wet never previously dried vinylic filler material with low boiling hydrocarbon solvent material preferably applied in conjunction with an oil soluble surface active agent , which treatment prevents the vinylic filler material from forming hard agglomerates on drying . | 2 |
a small mixer vehicle structured as a trailer has clutching mechanics for frictionally revolving a rotatable drum during towing and for both manual and powered auxiliary drum turning when the trailer is parked . for manual drum turning , an attachable crank is provided . the crank attachment also accepts connection by a hydraulic motor which is remotely powered by an auxiliary pump . the trailer drum support structure has mechanics for placing the drum in a tilted position for unloading and for returning the drum to a horizontal towing position . a tow bar attached to the trailer includes adjustable mechanics for leveling the trailer . | 1 |
a method and device for detecting the presence of mixed venous and arterial blood pulsation in tissue , including receiving first and second electromagnetic radiation signals from a blood perfused tissue portion corresponding to infrared and red wavelengths of light , obtaining a measure of a phase difference between the first and second electromagnetic radiation signals , comparing the measure with a threshold value to form a comparison , and detecting the presence or absence of venous pulsation using the comparison . | 0 |
apparatus for bonding at least two plies of a fibrous web , includes : a first roller having an outer periphery , at least one embossing protuberance provided on the outer periphery ; and a second roller having an outer periphery and being elastic at least in a radial direction , the second roller including at least an inner layer and an outer layer that is harder than the inner layer , the second roller together with the first roller forming a nip through which the two plies are to be fed , wherein an embossing element is located on top of at least one of the embossing protuberance , an embossing area of each embossing element being smaller than an embossing area of the corresponding embossing protuberance so that the two plies are bonded at discrete locations corresponding to the first and second embossing elements . multi - ply product including the bonded plies and corresponding method are also described . | 1 |
pdgf - d , a new member of the pdgfvegf family of growth factors , as well as the nucleotide sequence encoding it , methods for producing it , antibodies and other antagonists to it , transfected and transformed host cells expressing it , pharmaceutical compositions containing it , and uses thereof in medical and diagnostic applications , including methods for stimulating growth of a connective tissue or healing a wound in a mammal , which methods comprise administering to the mammal an effective amount of pdgf - d polypeptides or polynucleotides encoding the pdgf - d polypeptides . | 0 |
the present invention relates to urethane acrylates , which may be cured with high - energy radiation , in which the urethane acrylates are the reaction product of a ) a polyisocyanate component containing 20 to 100 mole %, based on the moles of the polyisocyanate component a ), of iminooxadiazine dione group - containing polyisocyanate trimers corresponding to formula a wherein r 1 , r 2 and r 3 are the same or different and represent linear or branched , c 4 - c 20 alkyl groups and x is the same or different and represents isocyanate groups or isocyanate group - containing radicals that also contain iminooxadiazine dione , isocyanurate , uretdione , urethane , allophanate , biuret or oxadiazine trione groups , wherein r 1 , r 2 and r 3 are attached to a nitrogen atom , with b ) an alcohol component containing at least one monobasic , hydroxy - functional , linear or branched c 1 - c 12 alkyl ester of acrylic acid . the present invention further relates to the use of the urethane acrylates as binder components for coating compositions that are curable with high - energy radiation . | 2 |
The continued operation of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detectors is enabling the first detailed measurements of the mass, spin, and redshift distributions of the merging binary black hole population. Our present knowledge of these distributions, however, is based largely on strongly parametric models. Such models typically assume the distributions of binary parameters to be superpositions of "building block" features like power laws, peaks, dips, and breaks. Although this approach has yielded great progress in the initial characterization of the compact binary population, the strong assumptions entailed often leave it unclear which physical conclusions are driven by observation and which by the specific choice of model. In this paper, we instead model the merger rate of binary black holes as an unknown autoregressive process over the space of binary parameters, allowing us to measure the distributions of binary black hole masses, redshifts, component spins, and effective spins with near-complete agnosticism. We find the primary mass spectrum of binary black holes to be doubly peaked, with a fairly flat continuum that steepens at high masses. We identify signs of unexpected structure in the redshift distribution of binary black holes: a uniform-in-comoving volume merger rate at low redshift followed by an increase in the merger rate beyond redshift z ≈0.5 . Finally, we find that the distribution of black hole spin magnitudes is unimodal and concentrated at small but nonzero values, and that spin orientations span a wide range of spin-orbit misalignment angles but are also moderately unlikely to be truly isotropic. | 9 |
the invention relates to a method for automatically generating smoothed characteristic diagrams for electronic engine controls of internal combustion piston engines . the invention is characterized in that the adjustment variable combination of the individual successive operating points are input by means of a motor control to a reference internal combustion piston engine by entering specified values of the boundary conditions for the operation of an internal combustion piston engine . according to the invention , the reference internal combustion piston engine is operated in this operating point , and the actual values and / or boundary conditions occurring during the same are acquired and compared with the specified values of the boundary conditions in an optimization system assigned to the engine control and , in the instance of variations , the adjustment variable combinations are optimally altered in a progressive manner by the optimization system . a quality function for the respective alteration of the adjustment variable combination is predetermined in the optimization system , and the quality function is corrected while taking into account already established values of the adjustment variable combination of at least one adjacent operating point . | 5 |
How efficiently star formation proceeds in galaxies is still an open question. Recent studies suggest that active galactic nucleus (AGN) can regulate the gas accretion and thus slow down star formation (negative feedback). However, evidence of AGN positive feedback has also been observed in a few radio galaxies (e.g. Centaurus A, Minkowski's Object, 3C 285, and the higher redshift 4C 41.17). Here we present CO observations of 3C 285 and Minkowski's Object, which are examples of jet-induced star formation. A spot (named 3C 285/09.6 in the present paper) aligned with the 3C 285 radio jet at a projected distance of ~70 kpc from the galaxy centre shows star formation that is detected in optical emission. Minkowski's Object is located along the jet of NGC 541 and also shows star formation. Knowing the distribution of molecular gas along the jets is a way to study the physical processes at play in the AGN interaction with the intergalactic medium. We observed CO lines in 3C 285, NGC 541, 3C 285/09.6, and Minkowski's Object with the IRAM 30 m telescope. In the central galaxies, the spectra present a double-horn profile, typical of a rotation pattern, from which we are able to estimate the molecular gas density profile of the galaxy. The molecular gas appears to be in a compact reservoir, which could be evidence of an early phase of the gas accretion after a recent merger event in 3C 285. No kinematic signature of a molecular outflow is detected by the 30 m telescope. Interestingly, 3C 285/09.6 and Minkowski's Object are not detected in CO. The cold gas mass upper limits are consistent with a star formation induced by the compression of dense ambient material by the jet. The depletion time scales in 3C 285/09.6 and Minkowski's Object are of the order of and even shorter than what is found in 3C 285, NGC 541, and local spiral galaxies (10<SUP>9</SUP> yr). The upper limit of the molecular gas surface density in 3C 285/09.6 at least follows a Schmidt-Kennicutt law if the emitting region is very compact, as suggested by the Hα emission, while Minkowski's Object is found to have a much higher star formation efficiency lower limit (very short depletion time). Higher sensitivity is necessary to detect CO in the star-forming spots, and higher spatial resolution is required to map the emission in these jet-induced star-forming regions. <P />Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). | 9 |
the invention concerns a retrovirus extract containing a p25 protein which recognizes immunologically sera of patients afflicted with lymphadenopathy syndrom or acquired immune deficiency syndrom . it relates to a method and kit for in vivo assay of las or aids involving contacting sera from patients to be diagnosed for such diseases with said retrovirus extract and by detecting the immunological reaction , if any . | 2 |
a method is disclosed for managing the performance of shared computing resources in furtherance of delivering on - demand it services to multiple customers . the inventive method comprises predicting the performance of resources allocated among the customers to minimize performance related problems ; preventing performance related problems by evaluating the impact of changes in resource allocations ; reacting to performance alerts to resolve performance related problems ; and determining the appropriate level of resource performance needed in service level agreements , and that these requirements detailed in the service level agreements are achieved . this performance management method ensures that the demands of the customers are not affected by the allocation and utilization of the shared it resources . | 6 |
a method for transmitting messages using an efficient communications link protocol over an air interface of a cellular communications system is disclosed . a frame in the protocol is divided into a plurality of sections including a header section and a data section . the header section contains a field which indicates what type of information is contained in the frame . | 8 |
To reproduce the observed spectra and light curves originated in the neighbourhood of compact objects requires accurate relativistic ray-tracing codes. In this work, we present Skylight, a new numerical code for general-relativistic ray-tracing and radiative transfer in arbitrary space-time geometries and coordinate systems. The code is capable of producing images, spectra, and light curves from astrophysical models of compact objects as seen by distant observers. We incorporate two different schemes, namely Monte Carlo radiative transfer integrating geodesics from the astrophysical region to distant observers, and camera techniques with backwards integration from the observer to the emission region. The code is validated by successfully passing several test cases, among them: thin accretion discs and neutron stars hotspot emission. | 9 |
the present disclosure provides exemplary collapsible drills and associated methods of use . thus , in one aspect , the disclosure provides a collapsible drill including or comprising a chuck , a piston and a motor section . the chuck can be configured and dimensioned to receive a drill bit . the piston can include a pair of interlocking splines . the motor section drives rotation of the piston and the chuck . depression of the piston can stop rotation of the chuck relative to the piston . in another aspect , the disclosure provides methods of drilling into a material that include providing a collapsible drill , driving rotation of the piston and the chuck with the motor section , and depressing the piston to stop rotation of the chuck relative to the piston . | 0 |
novel fabric conditioners based on pyridine carboxylic acid esters or amides are described . the compounds are effective fabric conditioners and are biodegradable . compositions including the compounds and a method of using the compositions are also described . | 2 |
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