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a method is presented for uniformly heating plastically deformable material , which comprises particles of electrically conducting matter . this method comprises inducing an electric current , or causing hysteresis loss within such material , by using electromagnetic radiation with frequency between about 50 hertz and about 10 megahertz , to cause heating of the material . | 7 |
the invention is directed biopsy site markers and methods of marking a biopsy site , so that the location of the biopsy cavity is readily visible by conventional imaging methods , particularly by ultrasonic imaging . the biopsy site markers of the invention have high ultrasound reflectivity , presenting a substantial acoustic signature from a small marker , so as to avoid obscuring diagnostic tissue features in subsequent imaging studies , and can be readily distinguished from biological features . the several disclosed embodiments of the biopsy site marker of the invention have a high contrast of acoustic impedance as placed in a tissue site , so as to efficiently reflect and scatter ultrasonic energy , and preferably include gas - filled internal pores . the markers may have a non - uniform surface contour to enhance the acoustic signature . the markers have a characteristic form which is recognizably artificial during medical imaging . the biopsy site marker may be accurately fixed to the biopsy site so as to resist migration from the biopsy cavity when a placement instrument is withdrawn , and when the marked tissue is subsequently moved or manipulated . | 0 |
the invention relates to new polymerisable mesogenic or liquid crystalline compounds comprising a laterally substituted cinnamate group , to polymerisable mesogenic or liquid crystalline mixtures and anisotropic polymers prepared thereof , and to the use of the new compounds and the mixtures and polymers prepared thereof in optical and electrooptical devices , adhesives , synthetic resins with anisotropic mechanical properties , cosmetics , diagnostics , liquid crystal pigments , decorative and security applications , nonlinear optics , optical information storage , electronic devices like organic field effect transistors , electroluminescent devices , or as chiral dopants . | 2 |
Black hole mass measurements outside the local Universe are critically important to derive the growth of supermassive black holes over cosmic time, and to study the interplay between black hole growth and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we present two measurements of supermassive black hole masses from reverberation mapping (RM) of the broad C IV emission line. These measurements are based on multiyear photometry and spectroscopy from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) and the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES), which together constitute the OzDES RM Program. The observed reverberation lag between the DES continuum photometry and the OzDES emission line fluxes is measured to be 358^{+126}_{-123} and 343^{+58}_{-84} d for two quasars at redshifts of 1.905 and 2.593, respectively. The corresponding masses of the two supermassive black holes are 4.4 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> and 3.3 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, which are among the highest redshift and highest mass black holes measured to date with RM studies. We use these new measurements to better determine the C IV radius-luminosity relationship for high-luminosity quasars, which is fundamental to many quasar black hole mass estimates and demographic studies. | 9 |
the present invention provides a hydrazone compound of the following general formula . this compound presents a higher hole mobility as compared with a conventional electric charge transferring material such as a conventional hydrazone compound or the like . accordingly , when a photosensitive layer contains , as the electric charge transferring material , the hydrazone compound of the present invention , there can be obtained an electrophotosensitive material which is excellent in sensitivity and charging ability and has high repeating characteristics . ## str1 ## | 6 |
The early rise of Type IIP supernovae (SN IIP) provides important information for constraining the properties of their progenitors. This can, in turn, be compared to pre-explosion imaging constraints and stellar models to develop a more complete picture of how massive stars evolve and end their lives. Using the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC), we model the first 40 days of SNe IIP to better understand what constraints can be derived from their early light curves. We use two sets of red supergiant (RSG) progenitor models with zero-age main sequence masses in the range between 9 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> and 20 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>. We find that the early properties of the light curve depend most sensitively on the radius of the progenitor, and thus provide a relation between the g-band rise time and the radius at the time of explosion. This relation will be useful for deriving constraints on progenitors from future observations, especially in cases where detailed modeling of the entire rise is not practical. When comparing to observed rise times, the radii we find are a factor of a few larger than previous semi-analytic derivations and are generally in better agreement with what is found with current stellar evolution calculations as well as direct observations of RSGs. | 9 |
this invention relates to an actuator which changes its length without changing its width or breadth dimensions . four shear electrodeformable bodies 4 are placed symmetrically on two faces of a central electrode 6 . each body also has a connecting electrode 8 , attached to the electrodeformable body , thus forming a tetramorph which is the basic building block of the actuator . each connecting electrode allows the tetramorphs to be attached to each other in layers and stacks to the desired dimensions of the actuator . two of the electrodeformable bodies in the top half of the tetramorph are polarized to shear in one direction and the two electrodeformable bodies in the bottom half are polarized to shear in the opposite direction . if the shear in the electrodeformable bodies is up and down the tetramorph acts as a lifter . if the shear in the electrodeformable bodies is sideways the tetramorph is a tangenter or axier . | 7 |
according to one aspect of the present disclosure , a control - engaged electrode - driving method for droplet actuation is provided . the method includes , a first voltage is provided to a first electrode for licking off a droplet . a second voltage is naturally discharged to a third voltage for maintaining a droplet movement . a fourth voltage is provided to the first electrode for accelerating the droplet . naturally discharging from the second voltage to the third voltage and providing the fourth voltage to the first electrode are repeated . the first voltage is provided to a second electrode when a centroid of the droplet reaching a centroid of the first electrode . naturally discharging from the second voltage to the third voltage and providing the fourth voltage to the second electrode are repeated . | 1 |
a compostable paperboard container and package for liquids which is coated with a material capable of degrading to carbon dioxide , water and biomass under composting conditions . | 1 |
a method of manufacturing a three - dimensional object facilitates removal of the three - dimensional object from the platen on which the object was formed . the method includes rotating the platen from a horizontally level position to a position at an angle to the level position to enable gravity to urge the three - dimensional object away from the platen and inductively heating the platen to melt support material at the boundary of the object and the platen to release the three - dimensional object from the platen . | 1 |
a remotely activated locking device for closure elements that is self - contained within the closure elements , electrically operated and reliable . an electric motor with a worm gear is meshed with a gear mechanism to control the movement of a locking tongue member . a gear member is caused to move between two angular positions . the gear member includes a perpendicularly mounted off - center pin . a pivotally mounted elongated arm is pushed by the offset pin to cause the retraction of a spring loaded tongue member . a receiver is also housed within the closure element to activate the motor . a remote transmitter sends a signal to activate the receiver that in turn creates an output for a predetermined amount of time when the code transmitted matches the code stored . | 8 |
a drive arrangement for driving a work machine includes a motor configured to generate a torque , and a transmission apparatus configured to transmit the torque from the motor to the work machine . the transmission apparatus includes a fluid coupling and at least one controllable torque transmitter configured to control transmission of the torque from the motor to the work machine . | 5 |
We investigated the physical connection between interplanetary flux ropes (IFRs) near Earth and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) by comparing the magnetic field structures of IFRs and CME source regions. The analysis is based on the list of 54 pairs of ICMEs (interplanetary coronal mass ejections) and CMEs that are taken to be the most probable solar source events. We first attempted to identify the flux rope structure in each of the 54 ICMEs by fitting models with a cylinder and torus magnetic field geometry, both with a force-free field structure. This analysis determined the possible geometries of the identified flux ropes. Then we compared the flux rope geometries with the magnetic field structure of the solar source regions. We obtained the following results: (1) Flux rope structures are seen in 51 ICMEs out of the 54. The result implies that all ICMEs have an intrinsic flux rope structure, if the three exceptional cases are attributed to unfavorable observation conditions. (2) It is possible to find flux rope geometries with the main axis orientation close to the orientation of the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) in the solar source regions, the differences being less than 25°. (3) The helicity sign of an IFR is strongly controlled by the location of the solar source: flux ropes with positive (negative) helicity are associated with sources in the southern (northern) hemisphere (six exceptions were found). (4) Over two-thirds of the sources in the northern hemisphere are concentrated along PILs with orientations of 45° ± 30° (measured clockwise from the east), and over two-thirds in the southern hemisphere along PILs with orientations of 135° ± 30°, both corresponding to the Hale boundaries. These results strongly support the idea that a flux rope with the main axis parallel to the PIL erupts in a CME and that the erupted flux rope propagates through the interplanetary space with its orientation maintained and is observed as an IFR. | 9 |
an improved video display system is provided in which two color images are combinable in a dynamic and self - determining fashion to provide improved contrast , comprehension and display versatility . two separate video signals that are to be used in generating a single display are converted into sequences of digitally encoded picture elements . control signals are generated that are dependent upon the data content of the elements in at least one of the sequences , and these signals are used to govern the mode of combination of the two video signals for individual pixel sets . for example a first video signal of digital character and having varying pixel intensity may be transformed into color values for a first pseudocolor display . a second video signal , derived from an analog source , is digitized and is also transformed into pseudocolor , concurrent with the dynamic generation in real time of the data dependent control signals . such control signals may be incorporated in either or both of the digitized data sequences , and the second video signal may be digitized with or without adjustment of intensity ranges within variable limits . the two transformed digital signal sequences are then arithmetically or logically combined in accordance with the functions defined by the data dependent control signals . for example , the signals may be added , anded , ored , averaged , subtracted , or one or the other can be blocked , and these functions can be varied , dependent upon the data , in incremental fashion within the display . consequently , the contrast between the two color images can be selectively enhanced , the data contained in the images can be much more clearly depicted in graphical form , and special effects can be obtained in versatile and discretionary fashion . | 6 |
We present the Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Data Release 16. We describe the observations and redshift measurement for the 269 243 observed ELG spectra, and then present the large-scale structure catalogues, used for the cosmological analysis, and made of 173 736 reliable spectroscopic redshifts between 0.6 and 1.1. We perform a spherically averaged baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurement in configuration space, with density field reconstruction: the data two-point correlation function shows a feature consistent with that of the BAO, the BAO model being only weakly preferred over a model without BAO (Δχ<SUP>2</SUP> < 1). Fitting a model constrained to have a BAO feature provides a 3.2 per cent measurement of the spherically averaged BAO distance D<SUB>V</SUB>(z<SUB>eff</SUB>)/r<SUB>drag</SUB> = 18.23 ± 0.58 at the effective redshift z<SUB>eff</SUB> = 0.845. | 9 |
Flows driven by photons have been studied for almost a century, and a quantitative description of the radiative forces on atoms and ions is important for understanding a wide variety of systems with outflows and accretion disks, such as active galactic nuclei. Quantifying the associated forces is crucial to determining how these outflows enable interactive mechanisms within these environments, such as AGN feedback. The total number of spectral lines in any given ion of the outflow material must be tabulated in order to give a complete characterization of this force. Here we provide calculations of the dimensionless line force multiplier for AGN environments. For a wide array of representative AGN sources, we explicitly calculate the photoionization balance at the proposed wind-launching region above the accretion disk, compute the strength of the line-driving force on the gas, and revisit and formalize the role of the commonly-used ionization parameter $\xi$ in ultimately determining the line-driving force. We perform these computations and analyses for a variety of AGN central source properties, such as black hole mass, initial wind velocity, and number density. We find that, while useful, the ionization parameter provides an incomplete description of the overall ionization state of the outflow material. We use these findings to provide an updated method for calculating the strength of the radiative line-driving using both the X-ray spectral index $\Gamma_X$ and the ionization parameter. | 9 |
Context. While non-potential (free) magnetic energy is a necessary element of any active phenomenon in the solar corona, its role as a marker of the trigger of the eruptive process remains elusive. Meanwhile, recent analyses of numerical simulations of solar active events have shown that quantities based on relative magnetic helicity could highlight the eruptive nature of solar magnetic systems. <BR /> Aims: Based on the unique decomposition of the magnetic field into potential and non-potential components, magnetic energy and helicity can also both be uniquely decomposed into two quantities. Using two 3D magnetohydrodynamics parametric simulations of a configuration that can produce coronal jets, we compare the dynamics of the magnetic energies and of the relative magnetic helicities. <BR /> Methods: Both simulations share the same initial setup and line-tied bottom-boundary driving profile. However, they differ by the duration of the forcing. In one simulation, the system is driven sufficiently so that a point of no return is passed and the system induces the generation of a helical jet. The generation of the jet is, however, markedly delayed after the end of the driving phase; a relatively long phase of lower-intensity reconnection takes place before the jet is eventually induced. In the other reference simulation, the system is driven during a shorter time, and no jet is produced. <BR /> Results: As expected, we observe that the jet-producing simulation contains a higher value of non-potential energy and non-potential helicity compared to the non-eruptive system. Focussing on the phase between the end of the driving-phase and the jet generation, we note that magnetic energies remain relatively constant, while magnetic helicities have a noticeable evolution. During this post-driving phase, the ratio of the non-potential to total magnetic energy very slightly decreases while the helicity eruptivity index, which is the ratio of the non-potential helicity to the total relative magnetic helicity, significantly increases. The jet is generated when the system is at the highest value of this helicity eruptivity index. This proxy critically decreases during the jet-generation phase. The free energy also decreases but does not present any peak when the jet is being generated. <BR /> Conclusions: Our study further strengthens the importance of helicities, and in particular of the helicity eruptivity index, to understand the trigger mechanism of solar eruptive events. | 9 |
the invention relates to the manufacturing of a multilayer structure and especially it relates to the manufacturing of a three - dimensional structure and its use as an electronics assembly substrate and as a winding for transformers and inductors . when a multilayer structure is manufactured by folding a conductor - insulator - conductor laminate , where the conductor layers to be separated from each other follow each other on opposite sides of the conductor - insulator - conductor laminate in the sections following each other and where the insulator has been removed from the places where the conductor layers are to be connected together after folding , it is possible to manufacture a wide range of three - dimensional multilayer structures where the volume occupied by the windings over the total volume can be maximized . alternatively , by using the method it is also possible to manufacture a multilayer structure where components have been buried inside . the method makes it also possible to make connections between layers in a flexible manner . among other issues , the method can be easily automated for mass - production . | 7 |
this invention relates to a flash eeprom cell and manufacturing methods thereof , especially which is capable of three different output levels by the variation of effective channel length depending on whether either or all of two floating gates are programmed or erased and the combination of bias , in which two floating gates are formed on a channel region . | 6 |
a computer system processor of a multi - processor computer system having cache subsystem , executes a demote instruction to cause a cache line exclusively owned by the computer system processor to become shared or read - only in the cache subsystem . | 6 |
two - way digital media devices typically store digital identifying data that identify the user to providers of content and interactive data . in the case of a web browser of a personal computer , the digital identity is stored in the form of a plurality of cookies that are used by respective web sites to personalize the web site experience for each particular user . when a user is at a different computer , the digital identifying data is not available . in addition , other types of interactive devices , such as catv settop boxes , cell phones , pdas and the like , may not have enough non - volatile memory to store the digital identifying data . in order to provide users with a portable digital identity , a digital identity server is provided as a server node on the internet , which retrieves digital identifying data and downloads such digital identifying data to any device upon request . in such manner , the user &# 39 ; s digital identity is portable and available at any computer or other digital device that is being used . the system digital identity server permits devices without sufficient non - volatile memory storage to download a digital identity for temporary storage in volatile memory , thereby providing a digital identity in devices without non - volatile memory . | 7 |
a time shared multiport conference arrangement includes an additive pcm speaker circuit . the additive pcm speaker circuit eliminates the need for loudest speaker detection and the last speaker memory of conventional conferencing arrangements . the additive pcm speaker circuitry operates in an on - line , real time environment to allow rapid summing of speakers &# 39 ; pcm voice samples . since the pcm voice samples are logarithmic in nature , they are not directly combinable . the additive pcm speaker circuitry provides a storage medium which is preprogrammed with resultant values . these resultant values each correspond to a pcm addition of the values of two input speaker &# 39 ; s pcm voice samples . the additive pcm speaker circuit simplifies the complex processing logic usually associated with loudest speaker detection systems and thereby improves the real time operation of the conferencing arrangement . | 7 |
a method for measuring the direction and velocity of a target in a measurement volume in a laser doppler velocimetry system includes selecting a discrete number of grating positions for an electrically switchable grating , placing the electrically switchable grating in a light path of a laser source . the laser source outputs a laser beam along the light path . the method further includes switching the electrically switchable grating sequentially through the discrete number of grating positions at a grating frequency to generate diffracted light beams from the laser , directing the diffracted light beams through a lens , focusing the diffracted light beams on a measurement volume , passing a target through the measurement volume in a target direction at a target velocity and receiving scattered light in a detector and calculating the power spectrum of light intensity fluctuations . the power spectrum includes a maximum peak . the maximum peak occurs at a frequency shifted from the grating frequency an amount corresponding to the target velocity and in a direction corresponding to the target direction . a laser doppler velocimetry system for measuring the direction and velocity of a target in a measurement volume is also disclosed . | 6 |
Modeling codes for "On the potential for cumulate mantle overturn in Mercury" by M. D. Mouser and N. Dygert | 9 |
a dictionary based technique for accessing elements of a data structure used by an object oriented program involves creating a dictionary for the elements which compose the data structure including location information for each element . responsive to a request for a particular data structure element , the dictionary is interrogated to return a pointer to a desired instance of a particular data structure element to the requesting process . the dictionary finds particular application in dynamic and complicated internet programs written in javascript , where a typical data structure is a response / request based database structure which parallels a request and a response in an internet protocol . object constructors which utilized to initialize properties on an object are also generated from the dictionary . once a request is recieved to generate object constructor code for an object in the object oriented program , rule data for naming properties of the object are retrieved from a rule database . element data on elements for the object is retrieved from the dictionary and the object constructor code is generated according to the retrieved rule and element data . object constructors are generated for initializing the set of properties as a subobjects in the object oriented program as a child objects of their respective originating object . | 8 |
a test and measurement system including a device under test , an accessory , a controller and a test and measurement instrument . the accessory is connected to the device under test and includes a signal input to receive an input signal from the device under test , a compensation unit configured to apply a compensation signal internal to the accessory , and a signal output to output an output signal read from the device under test . the controller is connected to the accessory and includes one or more receivers to receive the input signal and the output signal from the accessory , and a microcontroller or correction circuit configured to compare the input signal and the output signal and in response to the comparison provide a compensation signal to the compensation unit . | 6 |
Full Changelog: https://github.com/befekadu2023/I-H-HYPE/commits/V1.0 | 9 |
As a fundamental process converting magnetic to plasma energy in high-energy astrophysical plasmas, relativistic magnetic reconnection is a leading explanation for the acceleration of particles to the ultrarelativistic energies that are necessary to power nonthermal emission (especially X-rays and gamma-rays) in pulsar magnetospheres and pulsar wind nebulae, coronae and jets of accreting black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. An important objective of plasma astrophysics is therefore the characterization of nonthermal particle acceleration (NTPA) effected by reconnection. Reconnection-powered NTPA has been demonstrated over a wide range of physical conditions using large 2D kinetic simulations. However, its robustness in realistic 3D reconnection—in particular, whether the 3D relativistic drift-kink instability (RDKI) disrupts NTPA—has not been systematically investigated, although pioneering 3D simulations have observed NTPA in isolated cases. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of NTPA in 3D relativistic reconnection in collisionless electron-positron plasmas, characterizing NTPA as the strength of 3D effects is varied systematically via the length in the third dimension and the strength of the guide magnetic field. We find that, while the RDKI prominently perturbs 3D reconnecting current sheets, it does not suppress particle acceleration, even for zero guide field; fully 3D reconnection robustly and efficiently produces nonthermal power-law particle spectra closely resembling those obtained in 2D. This finding provides strong support for reconnection as the key mechanism powering high-energy flares in various astrophysical systems. We also show that strong guide fields significantly inhibit NTPA, slowing reconnection and limiting the energy available for plasma energization, yielding steeper and shorter power-law spectra. | 9 |
lightweight trays are fabricated containing a multitude of cavities in shapes for molding dobies for supporting concrete reinforcing , such as rebar . the trays are sized to fit boxes of a convenient size and weight . the trays are also designed in a way that when placed into the box they make a seal between the tray edges and the inside wall of the box . this seal allows the cavities in the tray to be filled with grout without spilling into a lower tray . the trays are also designed so that when placed into the box and turned , alternating 180 ° to each other , the lower tray provides support to the upper tray . the boxes are sealed and the dobies are allowed to cure inside the box . the size and arrangement of trays and boxes is designed to fit uniformly on a standard pallet for convenient handling , storage , and shipping . | 4 |
a drive device for producing an at least approximately sinusoidal speed pattern for a transport belt provided in a printing machine for transporting printing material selected from the group thereof consisting of sheets and signatures , includes non - round drive wheels rotatable about respective axes thereof , and a tensioning member by which the drive wheels are drivingly connected . | 1 |
This release adds bub fixes for oneshot and pushed messages. | 9 |
a method for producing a phenolic molding is disclosed . the method includes the steps of mixing phenol , formaldehyde and a hydraulic cement , forming the resulting composition to a predetermined shape and maintaining the composition in the predetermined shape until an insoluble , infusible article is formed by condensation . at least 10 percent of the hydraulic cement must be portland cement . the mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol must be at least 1 : 1 , and the amount of hydraulic cement must be sufficient for reaction with from 1 to 9 times the sum of the water of condensation of the phenol with the formaldehyde and the water charged to the mix . the use of reinforcing glass fibers in producing phenolic moldings is also disclosed , as well as the use of urea and resorcinol in addition to the phenol , formaldehyde and hydraulic cement . | 2 |
the present invention relates to a membrane comprising at least one positively charged , synthetic , hydrophobic polymer , at least one hydrophilic polymer and at least one plasticizer ; wherein said membrane is flexible and is capable of supporting at least one of cell adherence , cell proliferation or cell differentiation . the invention further relates to use of a membrane of the invention in the preparation of an implantable devices including cell delivery systems , cell growing surfaces and scaffolds . the invention further provides methods for promoting tissue regeneration in a defected tissue region applying membranes of the invention . | 0 |
an interactive mutual authentication protocol , which does not allow shared secrets to pass through untrusted communication media , integrates an encryption key management system into the authentication protocol . the server provides ephemeral encryption keys in response to a request during a session random key initiation interval . srk is provided for all sessions initiated in the srk initiation interval . a set of ephemeral intermediate data random keys is associated with each request . a message carrying the srk is sent to the requestor . a response from the requester includes a shared parameter encrypted using the srk verifying receipt of the srk . after verifying receipt of the srk at the requester , at least one message is sent by the server carrying an encrypted version of one of said set of ephemeral intermediate drk to be accepted as an encryption key for the session . | 7 |
to provide a tire tube having excellent sealing performance and durability . an inside of a tire includes a peripheral wall having an approximately circular cross - section which is partitioned by a partition wall into an outer peripheral side sealant chamber and an inner peripheral side air chamber . the sealant chamber is filled with a sealant having a thickness in the diameter direction in a range of 0 . 5 to 1 . 5 mm . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for increasing the load handling capacity of a system , having at least one fluid driven compensating means , incorporates a booster fluid actuated piston cylinder assembly interconnecting portions of the compensating system so as to substantially affect the force reacting characteristics thereof , whereby greater loads will produce lesser movement of the compensating means . | 8 |
the instant invention relates to crosslinked copolymers of vinylic macromers containing perfluoropolyalkylether and polyalkylether segments with minor amounts of vinylic comonomers and ophthalmic devices such as intraocular implants and contact lenses and particularly soft hydrogel contact lenses made therefrom . | 8 |
the invention relates to a process for synthesizing an ionic metal complex represented by the general formula or . this process includes reacting in an organic solvent a compound represented by the general formula or with a halogen - containing compound represented by the general formula or , in the presence of a reaction aid containing an element selected from the group consisting of elements of groups 1 - 4 and 11 - 14 of the periodic table . it is possible by this process to easily and efficiently synthesize the ionic metal complex , which can be used as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical devices , a polymerization catalyst of polyolefins and so forth , or a catalyst for organic synthesis . | 2 |
an image density controlling device for an image formation apparatus includes a plurality of image formation devices . a plurality of transfer members carry an image formed by at least one of the plurality of image formation devices . a belt rotates synchronously with the operation of the image formation devices and carries the transfer members . the belt includes a plurality of transfer member carrying areas on which the plurality of the transfer members are respectively carried , and a plurality of non - carrying areas therebetween . a density detection toner image is formed in the non - carrying area by utilizing at least one of the plurality of image formation devices . the density of the density detection toner image is determined to output a density detection signal . the densities of the images transferred to the transfer members are then controlled in accordance with the density detection signal . the density detection toner image formed in each rotation cycle of the belt is cleaned off and formed again at a different position of the belt . | 6 |
the present invention discloses the use of wear measuring elements to monitor the wear of cleaning elements on cleaning devices , such as cleaning machines and vacuum cleaners . the wear measuring elements are located adjacent to cleaning elements and have a length corresponding to a minimum desired length for the cleaning elements . when the length of the cleaning elements decreases due to usage to the length of the wear measuring elements , the user will realize that the cleaning elements need replacement . | 0 |
a collection tube and method for drawing samples of blood and other biological fluids , such tube having a tip construction effective in promoting the entry of such fluids into the tube and , where the tube is designed to fill by capillary attraction , in enhancing the rate and extent of such action . the fine - bore tube is transparent and is cylindrical in shape with its tip beveled to define an oval planar end surface , the long axis of the oval intersecting a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the tube at an acute angle within the range of about 35 ° to 60 °. | 0 |
a sling system comprises a plurality of sling units each including a synthetic fibrous sling and a roller unit which has one or more spool - shaped rollers . the system provides for lifting a load in equilibrium and maintaining the load in that position or be rotated or tilted between horizontal and vertical positions . the system provides for a plurality of attachment points of the sling units to the load , and the sling units and may be set up as a single array or a multiple array depending on the type of load being lifted , transported and positioned . endless and continuous loop synthetic slings and multiple roller units are used in sling units and provide for uniform and equal distribution of the load throughout the sling system . the spool - shaped rollers may be molded of a rigid plastics material with each roller having end flanges to confine the synthetic sling . | 1 |
a hand - held hair dryer including a handle , a body connected to the handle portion , a barrel connected to the body portion and having an inner member defining a first air passageway , an outer member slidably coupled to the inner member and defining a second air passageway that is substantially parallel to the first air passageway , a shutter coupled to the inner member and movable in response to sliding of the outer member with respect to the inner member to selectively direct air through the first air passageway and the second air passageway . | 0 |
the magnetic coupling system of the present invention overcomes drawbacks experienced by the prior art . a coupling system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention comprises a rotor assembly having a first mount portion connectable to a first shaft . a conductor assembly having a second mount portion is connectable to a second shaft . the second mount portion has first and second sections coupleable to each other and being independently positionable adjacent to the magnet holder . a first electro - conductive member is attached to the first section and positioned adjacent to the magnet holder . a second electro - conductive member is attached to the second section and positioned adjacent to the magnet holder . the first and second electro - conductive members are positioned adjacent to each other and spaced apart from the magnet holder by a gap . | 7 |
a recording - tape - reel assembly , such as used with a computer , has an electronic tag to enable the presence of the assembly to be detected in a presence detection system in order to inhibit the unauthorized removal of the assembly from premises equipped with such a system . the assembly includes a reel for holding a recording tape , an electronic tag for enabling detection of the presence of the assembly in a presence detection system , and a housing that isolates the electronic tag from the recording tape and makes the tag inaccessible to users of the assembly . electronic tags are housed in both reels and cassettes that contain reels . | 6 |
a method of applying a neural stimulus with an implanted electrode array involves applying a sequence of stimuli configured to yield a therapeutic effect while suppressing psychophysical side effects . the stimuli sequence is configured such that a first stimulus recruits a portion of the fibre population , and a second stimulus is delivered within the refractory period following the first stimulus and the second stimulus being configured to recruit a further portion of the fibre population . using an electrode array and suitable relative timing of the stimuli , ascending or descending volleys of evoked responses can be selectively synchronised or desynchronised to give directional control over responses evoked . | 0 |
a wash / rinse system for a drawer - type dishwasher includes a wash mechanism having a paddlewheel and a spray bar mounted in a washing chamber of the dishwasher . the spray bar includes at least one nozzle that is positioned so as to deliver a jet of washing fluid onto a deflector member provided on the paddlewheel . upon impacting the deflector member , the jet of washing fluid diverges into streams of washing fluid which are sprayed onto articles positioned in the washing chamber . preferably , the spray bar includes a plurality of nozzles which direct multiple jets of washing fluid onto a corresponding plurality of deflector is members . the paddlewheel is mounted so as to create random streams of washing fluid that are sprayed into the washing chamber to combine with washing fluid emanating from a lower wash arm to clean articles in the washing chamber . | 0 |
an example embodiment provides a system , including : a plurality of receivers placed throughout a hospital ; each of the receivers configured for communicating with a tag affixed to a moveable object ; a database storing location information associated with placements of the plurality of receivers and a use state for a movable object associated with the placements ; a computing device operatively coupled to the database and the plurality of receivers , the computing device operating to : receive , via one or more of the plurality of receivers , location data of a tag affixed to the movable object ; identify , using data received from the tag , a movable object ; determine , based on the one or more of the plurality of receivers transmitting the location data , a location within the hospital of the movable object ; associate , using the location information of the database , a use state for the movable object based on the location of the movable object within the hospital ; and update a use state for the movable object . related methods and products are also described and / or claimed herein . | 6 |
a process for preparing a complementary mos integrated circuit by forming a shallow first source - drain region near the gate ; determining simultaneously the contact holes in the source - drain regions of both of the p - channel and n - channel transistors ; forming a deep second source - drain region from the contact holes using thermal diffusion ; and forming the electrodes at the contact holes . | 7 |
in a rolling bearing having a rolling bearing ring and a rolling element of at least 20 mm in diameter , at least one of the rolling bearing ring and the rolling element consists of carburized or carbonitrided steel containing at least 0 . 2 wt % and not more than 0 . 35 wt % of carbon and at least 2 . 2 wt % and not more than 3 . 6 wt % of ni . thus obtained is a rolling bearing capable of reducing the material cost and increasing the fatigue life or reducing the carburizing time by ensuring surface hardness and optimizing the case depth . | 2 |
the present invention relates to novel water - soluble analogs of carbamazepine and compositions containing them . the novel compositions are particularly suited for intravenous administration . the analogs of carbamazepine are useful in the treatment of epilepsy and related disorders . | 2 |
a multi - user document editing system and method . embodiments of the invention utilize a model - view - controller design pattern to successfully control changes in parallel to underlying backend database information presentation related information . granularity of protection and check in / check out on family , spread , presentation layer and presentation object . in addition , enables automatic update of changes to all users editing or viewing the information . changes to the backend database may also include changes to the family hierarchy with real - time update of publication wysiwyg pages for example . enables rollback of changes . instead of waiting constantly for other users to finish editing information before other edits can be made , the typical serial editing methodology is transformed by embodiments of the invention into a parallel methodology that greatly increases throughput and lowers the costs associated with large publications . | 6 |
In the past, SDSS J160429.12+100002.2 wass spectroscopically classified as a blue horizontal branch (BHB) star. Assuming a luminosity that is characteristic of BHB stars, the object's radial velocity and proper motions from Gaia Early Data Release 3 would imply that its Galactic rest-frame velocity exceeds its local escape velocity. Consequently, the object would be considered a hypervelocity star, which would prove particularly interesting because its Galactic trajectory points in our direction. However, based on the spectroscopic analysis of follow-up observations, we show that the object is actually a short-period (P ≈ 3.4 h) single-lined spectroscopic binary system with a visible B-type star (effective temperature T<SUB>eff</SUB> = 15 840 ± 160 K and surface gravity log(g) = 4.86 ± 0.04) that is less luminous than typical BHB stars. Accordingly, the distance of the system is lower than originally thought, which renders its Galactic orbit bound to the Galaxy. Nevertheless, it is still an extreme halo object on a highly retrograde orbit. The abundances of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Ca are subsolar by factors from 3 to more than 100, while Fe is enriched by a factor of about 6. This peculiar chemical composition pattern is most likely caused by atomic diffusion processes. Combining constraints from astrometry, orbital motion, photometry, and spectroscopy, we conclude that the visible component is an unevolved proto-helium white dwarf with a thin hydrogen envelope that was stripped by a substellar companion through common-envelope ejection. Its unique configuration renders the binary system an interesting test bed for stellar binary evolution in general and common-envelope evolution in particular. <P />The fully reduced and wavelength calibrated ESI and ISIS spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/">cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/650/A102">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/650/A102</A> | 9 |
a golf ball is provided which changes color or other indicia after significant immersion in water to indicate that the ball has been recovered from a water hazard and may not have predictable flight characteristics which may result in loss of carry and roll . in one embodiment , a microencapsulated dye layer is formed immediately below the final gloss coat , with controlled dye release causing a stained look to the ball after significant immersion in water . in another embodiment , the dye or ink is provided in pelletized form for ease of manufacture . | 0 |
an apparatus for the pulping of waste material is disclosed including a tank , an impeller , a slurry chamber , and a discharge pipe for removal of slurry from the chamber . a flow directing device is provided within the chamber for increasing the flow into the discharge pipe . the device is appropriately positioned and shaped so that it will deflect the slurry from its rotational flow in the chamber to the discharge pipe . if the impeller is positioned horizontally at the bottom of the tank , it is preferably positioned off - center so waste material will not directly impinge upon the cutting surfaces when added to the tank . if the impeller is vertically oriented , the tank may be mounted on shock absorbers or resilient legs to minimize vibration . | 3 |
in a steering column arrangement having a bracket which is arranged fixedly on the vehicle , a steering column which has a casing tube and a steering spindle which is mounted rotatably therein , the steering column is configured so as to be adjustable in its inclination and length , and clamping device are provided for fixing the steering column . in order to configure the steering column to be safer while maintaining comfort functions , the steering column is connected with the clamping device to the bracket via a bracket slide which is mounted displaceably on the bracket , and locking device being provided between the bracket slide and the bracket . | 1 |
the method enables the authorisation centre of a limited access system to determine whether a user desiring to gain access to the system via a remote terminal having local processing capacity is authorised to gain access or not , to authenticate the sender and verify the content of any information claimed to be sent by a user via a remote terminal and to ensure that any information sent by the authorisation centre to a user via a remote terminal may be accessed only by the user and may not be accessed by any unauthorised third person . the method is built upon the creation of one - time cryptographic keys and unique cryptographic algorithms in parallel at the authorisation centre and at the remote terminal using a common graphical symbol set generating algorithm known to the authentication centre and to the user plus a common cryptographic key generation algorithm and a common cryptographic algorithm generation process known to the authorisation centre and to the remote terminal . | 6 |
a demodulator for a high definition television receiver includes a first circuit element which receives a signal , and is operative in a first arrangement to produce an output signal having a first dynamic range , and operative in a second arrangement to produce an output signal having a second dynamic range different from the first dynamic range . a second circuit element is arranged for optimally processing a signal having a substantially predetermined fixed dynamic range . a gain control circuit is coupled between the first and second circuit elements , and produces a signal having the substantially predetermined fixed dynamic range . | 7 |
We explore the possibility of inferring the properties of the Galactic population of neutron stars through machine learning. In particular, in this paper we focus on their dynamical characteristics and show that an artificial neural network is able to estimate with high accuracy the parameters that control the current positions of a mock population of pulsars. For this purpose, we implement a simplified population-synthesis framework (where selection biases are neglected at this stage) and concentrate on the natal kick-velocity distribution and the distribution of birth distances from the Galactic plane. By varying these and evolving the pulsar trajectories in time, we generate a series of simulations that are used to train and validate a suitably structured convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that our network is able to recover the parameters governing the distribution of kick velocity and Galactic height with a mean relative error of about 10<SUP>-2</SUP>. We discuss the limitations of our idealized approach and study a toy problem to introduce selection effects in a phenomenological way by incorporating the observed proper motions of 216 isolated pulsars. Our analysis highlights that by increasing the sample of pulsars with accurate proper-motion measurements by a factor of ~10, one of the future breakthroughs of the Square Kilometre Array, we might succeed in constraining the birth spatial and kick-velocity distribution of the neutron stars in the Milky Way with high precision through machine learning. | 9 |
multiple methods of constructing weighing platforms using variable moment load cells are disclosed . variable moment load cells require only a single strain gage and typically four are used on a weighing platform . the output of the four load cells are matched by mechanically varying the bending strain detected by the strain gages . a method of constructing a load cell to weigh suspended hoppers with a minimum of vertical space is also disclosed . | 6 |
a phase - change random access memory device and a method of manufacturing the same . the pcram includes a heating electrode having an upper surface protruding in a stepped shape and a phase - change material layer formed in a phase - change space on the heating electrode , the phase - change material layer having a plurality of portions having thicknesses corresponding to the stepped shape of the heating electrode . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a compressor of an exhaust - gas turbocharger having a compressor housing which has a compressor outlet connecting pipe , and having a sound absorber , wherein the sound absorber is formed as a separate component which can be connected to the outlet connecting pipe . | 5 |
Accretion discs in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) foster black hole (BH) formation, growth, and mergers. Stellar mass BHs migrate inwards under the influence of hydrodynamical torques unless they encounter a region where the torque flips sign. At these migration traps, BHs accumulate and merge via dynamical or gas-assisted interactions, producing high-frequency LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) gravitational wave (GW) sources and potentially cutting off the supply of extreme mass ratio inspirals that would otherwise make low-frequency, LISA-band GWs. In this paper, we study the interplay between different types of migration torques, focusing especially on the 'thermal torques' generated by the thermal response of the AGN to embedded stellar-mass BHs that accrete through their own mini-discs. In contrast to previous work, we find that Type I torques cannot produce migration traps on their own, but thermal torques often do, particularly in low-mass AGN. The migration traps produced by thermal torques exist at much larger distances (~10<SUP>3-5</SUP> gravitational radii) than do previously identified Type I traps, carrying implications for GW populations at multiple frequencies. Finally, we identify a bifurcation of AGN discs into two regimes: migration traps exist below a critical AGN luminosity, and do not at higher luminosities. This critical luminosity is fit as $\log _{10} L_{\rm AGN}^c = 45 {\!-\!} 0.32 \log _{10}{(\alpha /0.01)}$ where α is the Shakura-Sunyaev viscosity parameter, a range compatible with recent claims that LVK GWs are not preferentially associated with high-luminosity AGN. | 9 |
the invention relates to a method for producing quenched components consisting of sheet steel , comprising the following steps : a ) shaped parts are formed from sheet steel ; b ) the end of the shaped part is cut and the sheet steel is optionally punched or provided with a desired hole pattern prior to , during , or after the forming of the shaped part ; c ) at least some sections of the shaped part are subsequently heated to a temperature that permits the steel material to austenitize ; and d ) the component is then transferred to a quenching die , where it is subjected to a quenching process , during which the component is cooled and thus quenched by the contact of the quenching die with some sections of the component and the compression of said sections . the invention is characterized in that the component is supported by the quenching die in the vicinity of the positive radii and that some sections of said component are clamped in a secure manner without distortion in the vicinity of the cut edges . in the sections of the component that are not clamped , the latter is separated from a quenching - die half by a gap . | 2 |
the object of the invention is to perform a constructive exchange of information between a user and a provider of products in virtual reality . a user places a product 154 that he is considering buying in a cart , designates product providers , and gives notification thereto of the cart contents . a designated product provider 153 , by seeing the cart contents , can learn in what products the user is interested . the product provider 153 can provide to the cart from which the designation arose additional information 155 , such as advertisements for its products . the user , by receiving various types of additional information from a product provider that he trusts , can find products that meet his desires , and can enjoy more satisfactory network - based shopping . | 6 |
an improved pillow having a head supporting portion and a neck supporting portion . the neck supporting portion having a firmness greater than the head supporting portion . the neck supporting portion is of lesser transverse dimension than the head supporting portion to allow freedom from interference of the pillow with the sleeper &# 39 ; s jaw and mouth . in an alternate version , the pillow includes two reversible neck supporting portions of different firmness . | 0 |
a reading method of a semiconductor memory device having a multi - level memory cell includes the steps of : reading flag data indicating whether the most significant bit of data programmed in the multi - level memory cell is programmed or not ; storing the read flag data ; reading the least significant bit of the data programmed in the multi - level memory cell , based on the read flag data ; and reading the msb of the data programmed in the multi - level memory cell based on the stored flag data . | 6 |
memory devices are adapted for direct interface or virtual integration with a processor or other logic device through a local bus and isolated from a system bus . such memory devices are capable of lower power requirements and reduced size due in part to the elimination of certain redundant circuitry . direct interfacing through the local bus facilitates the elimination or reduction of input / output buffer circuitry by eliminating the need to step up to and step down from typical system bus voltage levels . communication between the memory device and a separate logic device occurs across the local bus at voltage levels compatible with internal logic levels of the memory device . | 6 |
an active coating system capable of collecting , analyzing , managing and adapting to data and / or its environment in real time . an exemplary embodiment of our inventive active coating system is corrosion resistant and includes a flexible sensor layer , a switch layer and a visual display layer . operationally , the flexible sensor layer senses particular environmental conditions and the visual display layer provides visual indication of the condition sensed . | 6 |
the present inventors recognized a need for improving conventional informational retrieval systems , particularly those intended for retrieval of legal information . accordingly , they devised systems , methods , and software that facilitate online access to documents , such as non - opinion legal documents , in context of a legal workflow . an exemplary method of operation includes determining that a user of a client access device is performing a litigation - related task using a word - processing application on the client - access device . and in response to an affirmative determination , providing trial court materials relevant to the litigation - related task to the client access device without the user leaving the word - processing application . in some embodiments , the word - processing application is launched from a case - management application that provides case , activity , and role information to the online legal research system . | 6 |
a labeling system employs a multi - processing computer control system for a servo motor which drives a label - carrying web . the system is responsive to the physical position of the labels and the physical position of containers or similar objects to which the labels are applied . the label application motion controller identifies the machine position and performs the mathematical calculations needed to create a piecewise continuous function motion profile required to achieve label contact at a predefined contact point on the surface of each container . multiple functions may be used to construct a motion profile , which smoothly accelerates the label at a calculated acceleration needed to cause a label to arrive at the defined contact position on a container and to decelerates the carrier web after application . correction for measured label registration error is provided for . because the position of the label is based on the position of the container and a motion profile is calculated for each application , a fixed initial staging position of the label prior to application is not needed . | 8 |
We provide a measurement of the deficit in the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Compton-y signal towards cosmic voids, by stacking a catalogue of 97 090 voids constructed with BOSS-DR12 data, on the y-maps built on data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) DR4 and the Planck satellite. We detect the void signal with a significance of $7.3 \sigma$ with ACT and $9.7\sigma$ with Planck, obtaining agreements in the associated void radial y-profiles extracted from both maps. The inner-void profile (for angular separations within the void angular radius) is reconstructed with significances of 4.7σ and 6.1σ with ACT and Planck, respectively; we model such profile using a simple model that assumes uniform gas (under)density and temperature, which enables us to place constraints on the product (-δ<SUB>v</SUB>T<SUB>e</SUB>) of the void density contrast (negative) and the electron temperature. The best-fitting values from the two data sets are $(-\delta _{\rm v}T_{\rm e})=(6.5\pm 2.3)\times 10^{5}\, \text{K}$ for ACT and $(8.6 \pm 2.1)\times 10^{5}\, \text{K}$ for Planck [68 per cent confidence level (CL)], which are in good agreement under uncertainty. The data allow us to place lower limits on the expected void electron temperature at $2.7\times 10^5\, \text{K}$ with ACT and $5.1\times 10^5\, \text{K}$ with Planck (95 per cent CL); these results can transform into upper limits for the ratio between the void electron density and the cosmic mean as $n^{\rm v}_{\rm e}/\bar{n}_{\rm e}\leqslant 0.73$ and 0.49 (95 per cent CL), respectively. Our findings prove the feasibility of using thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations to constrain the gas properties inside cosmic voids, and confirm that voids are under-pressured regions compared to their surroundings. | 9 |
a security film for shatter - proofing windows comprises a polyurethane stratum interposed between a pair of polyester strata , each of which is self supporting , the film being bonded to the inner face of the window by a pressure sensitive adhesive . | 2 |
an anti - bounce device for a saw mill , the device including a strut having a first end piece , a second end piece and a resilient member therebetween , the first end piece of the strut being moveable relative to the second end piece ; an engagement means associated with the strut adapted to move across a surface of a material to be sawn , the engagement means transferring force to the first end piece of the strut and the resilient member of the strut dampening relative movement between the first end piece and the second end piece of the strut thereby restraining movement of the engagement means relative to the surface of the material to be saw , and connection means for connecting the strut to the saw mill . | 8 |
in an aspect , a process for removing a tail end of brussels sprouts comprises separating a brussels sprout from a stack and transferring it to a longitudinal transport track . on the track , the brussels sprout is manipulated to position a longest dimension of the brussels sprout perpendicular to a direction of travel of the transport track . near an end of the track , a position and an orientation of each brussels sprout is defined by photographic detection . each brussels sprout is removed from the transport track by a gripper . a position and an orientation of the gripper are defined using the detected position and orientation of the brussels sprout to be removed . the gripper is re - oriented and moved along a knife to remove the tail end of the brussels sprout . the brussels sprout is removed from the gripper and collected . | 0 |
Rapid strides are currently being made in the field of artificial intelligence using transformer-based models like Large Language Models (LLMs). The potential of these methods for creating a single, large, versatile model in astronomy has not yet been explored. In this work, we propose a framework for data-driven astronomy that uses the same core techniques and architecture as used by LLMs. Using a variety of observations and labels of stars as an example, we build a transformer-based model and train it in a self-supervised manner with cross-survey data sets to perform a variety of inference tasks. In particular, we demonstrate that a single model can perform both discriminative and generative tasks even if the model was not trained or fine-tuned to do any specific task. For example, on the discriminative task of deriving stellar parameters from Gaia XP spectra, we achieve an accuracy of 47 K in T<SUB>eff</SUB>, 0.11 dex in log g, and 0.07 dex in [M/H], outperforming an expert XGBoost model in the same setting. But the same model can also generate XP spectra from stellar parameters, inpaint unobserved spectral regions, extract empirical stellar loci, and even determine the interstellar extinction curve. Our framework demonstrates that building and training a single foundation model without fine-tuning using data and parameters from multiple surveys to predict unmeasured observations and parameters is well within reach. Such 'Large Astronomy Models' trained on large quantities of observational data will play a large role in the analysis of current and future large surveys. | 9 |
a sensor assembly that allows a sensor to be detachably mounted onto a fluoroscopic mount , such as a c - arm , is provided . the sensor assembly includes an electromagnetic sensor that is configured for outputting positional data relating to the fluoroscopic mount . the sensor includes a mount engaging element , and the sensor mount includes a sensor engaging element , both of which are configured to be removably mounted in an interference relationship with each other . the mount engaging element of the sensor can be a sensor housing , or alternatively , an element that is separate from the sensor housing . the sensor mount , which is composed of a non - ferromagnetic material , further includes a spacer for maintaining the sensor a prescribed distance from the ferromagnetic fluoroscopic mount , thereby minimizing any adverse ferromagnetic effects on the sensor . | 0 |
Full Changelog: https://github.com/klean2050/ecg-augmentations/commits/v1.0.0-beta | 9 |
an inline - customizable widget receives an indication from a user that he would like to customize the widget , offers the user various customization options , and ultimately provides the user with a customized widget to be embedded in a web page of the user &# 39 ; s choice , as facilitated by the widget itself ; every step in the customization process takes place within the widget itself and the user need not edit any widget code or visit any web page separate from the web page in which the widget is originally found . | 6 |
a resuscitation system that includes at least two defibrillation electrodes configured to be applied to the exterior of the chest of a patient for delivering a defibrillation shock , a source of one or more ecg signals from the patient , a defibrillation circuit for delivering a defibrillation shock to the defibrillation electrodes , a control box that receives and processes the ecg signals to determine whether a defibrillation shock should be delivered or whether cpr should be performed , and that issues instructions to the user either to deliver a defibrillation shock or to perform cpr , wherein the determination of whether cpr should be performed and the instructions to perform cpr can occur at substantially any point during a rescue . | 0 |
the invention relates to a method of producing packaging , comprising a step involving the assembly of at least two metallic parts . the inventive method is characterised in that said two parts are assembled by means of brazing . | 1 |
a method of predicting branch instructions and a method of skipping branch instructions for pipelines which need more than one cycle to predict branch direction and branch target addresses in microprocessors and digital signal processors are provided . the address of an instruction executed before the predicted branch is used as an index to enable early branch prediction so that the address of the instruction predicted to be executed immediately after the branch is available earlier , thereby reducing the number of idle or wasted clock cycles . | 6 |
The internal structures and properties of oscillating red-giant stars can be accurately inferred through their global oscillation modes (asteroseismology). Based on 1460 d of Kepler observations we perform a thorough asteroseismic study to probe the stellar parameters and evolutionary stages of three red giants in eclipsing binary systems. We present the first detailed analysis of individual oscillation modes of the red-giant components of KIC 8410637, KIC 5640750, and KIC 9540226. We obtain estimates of their asteroseismic masses, radii, mean densities, and logarithmic surface gravities by using the asteroseismic scaling relations as well as grid-based modelling. As these red giants are in double-lined eclipsing binaries, it is possible to derive their independent dynamical masses and radii from the orbital solution and compare it with the seismically inferred values. For KIC 5640750 we compute the first spectroscopic orbit based on both components of this system. We use high-resolution spectroscopic data and light curves of the three systems to determine up-to-date values of the dynamical stellar parameters. With our comprehensive set of stellar parameters we explore consistencies between binary analysis and asteroseismic methods, and test the reliability of the well-known scaling relations. For the three red giants under study, we find agreement between dynamical and asteroseismic stellar parameters in cases where the asteroseismic methods account for metallicity, temperature, and mass dependence as well as surface effects. We are able to attain agreement from the scaling laws in all three systems if we use Δ ν _ref,emp = 130.8 ± 0.9 μHz instead of the usual solar reference value. | 9 |
paperboard packaging material is disclosed for use in the manufacture of cartons for products which give off significant odors or aromas . the packaging material is treated to absorb odors generated by the products packaged in the packaging material . for this purpose , the paperboard packaging material is coated on one surface with an odor sorbing coating composition comprising activated carbon dispersed in an aqueous binder system . the odor sorbing coating covers substantially all interior surfaces of cartons formed from the packaging material to provide an effective concentration of activated carbon sufficient to render the contents substantially odor - free . | 8 |
a photoresponsive pulser / sampler system for investigating electrical signals and responses in vlsi systems employs a microtip which communicates electrically and mechanically with the device under test , and electrically with an electrode via a photoresponsive gate . the photoresponsive gate is formed of interdigitated electrodes which have interdigital spacings therebetween on the order of 1 μm . the structure of the invention is operable in the dual modalities of probe and pulser which share a common probe tip . simultaneous implementation of the pulser and sampler functions is achieved with the use of a lock - in amplifier and the technique of difference frequency mixing , where the pulser optical pulse frequency is f 1 and the gate optical pulse frequency is f 2 . multiple photoresponsive gates coupled to a common probe tip and having respective electrodes are disclosed for achieving respective pulsing and sampling functions , and also for effecting s - parameter measurements . the lock - in amplifier is tuned to the difference between the two frequencies . piezoelectric apparatus is employed for translating the probe tip over the device under test . | 6 |
an intelligent control and regulating device , especially for use in the process technology for flowable substances and media , which is built into the housing of an adjusting drive mechanism or into the drive mechanism itself and which has an adjustment arrangement controlling an adjusting member via an auxiliary energy device depending on sensor signals . the inventive control and adjusting device , which reacts reliably and rapidly to changing ambient conditions , includes a parameterable process regulator which receives adjustment input signals from the external sensors . | 6 |
Stellar dynamos generate magnetic fields that are of fundamental importance to the variability and evolution of Sun-like and low-mass stars, and for the development of their planetary systems. As a key to understanding stellar dynamos, empirical relations between stellar parameters and magnetic fields are required for comparison to ab initio predictions from dynamo models. We report measurements of surface-average magnetic fields in 292 M dwarfs from a comparison with radiative transfer calculations; for 260 of them, this is the first measurement of this kind. Our data were obtained from more than 15 000 high-resolution spectra taken during the CARMENES project. They reveal a relation between average field strength, ⟨B⟩, and Rossby number, Ro, resembling the well-studied rotation-activity relation. Among the slowly rotating stars, we find that magnetic flux, Φ<SUB>B</SUB>, is proportional to rotation period, P, and among the rapidly rotating stars that average surface fields do not grow significantly beyond the level set by the available kinetic energy. Furthermore, we find close relations between nonthermal coronal X-ray emission, chromospheric Hα and Ca H&K emission, and magnetic flux. Taken together, these relations demonstrate empirically that the rotation-activity relation can be traced back to a dependence of the magnetic dynamo on rotation. We advocate the picture that the magnetic dynamo generates magnetic flux on the stellar surface proportional to rotation rate with a saturation limit set by the available kinetic energy, and we provide relations for average field strengths and nonthermal emission that are independent of the choice of the convective turnover time. We also find that Ca H&K emission saturates at average field strengths of ⟨B⟩≈800 G while Hα and X-ray emission grow further with stronger fields in the more rapidly rotating stars. This is in conflict with the coronal stripping scenario predicting that in the most rapidly rotating stars coronal plasma would be cooled to chromospheric temperatures. <P />Table B.1 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/">cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/662/A41">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/662/A41</A> | 9 |
the present invention provides application of camptothecin and derivatives thereof as antifouling agent , relating to camptothecin . application of camptothecin and derivatives thereof as antifouling agent for facilities in water is provided , wherein the antifouling agent contains camptothecin and / or at least one of its derivatives . the application of camptothecin and derivatives thereof as antifouling agent for facilities in water can be used to prevent attachment of marine or freshwater micro - fouling organisms and / or large fouling organisms to the surfaces of facilities in the sea , lake , river or pool . the antifouling agent may also be used in mixture with other antifouling substance . antifouling method for artificial facilities in water is provided . an antifouling paint for facilities in water is provided . camptothecin and its derivatives have significant inhibitory activity to the attachment of fouling organisms , i . e . having antifouling activity , and can be used to prevent the attachment of fouling organisms on the surfaces of artificial facilities in water . camptothecin and its derivatives have high antifouling activity , good antifouling efficiency , and broad - spectrum antifouling . | 2 |
a thermal oil recovery process is disclosed for use in a heavy oil reservoir having a plurality of laterally separated , generally vertical wells whose use have left the reservoir characterized by a heated depletion zone , a channel , voidage , or mobility and communication . the process includes the steps of : drilling a well having a horizontal section and an opening therein that is located laterally between at least two of the vertical wells and at a depth within the lower part of the reservoir ; injecting a steam through the two vertical wells to establish thermal communication with said horizontal well ; and using the combination of steam drive and gravity drainage to recover oil from the reservoir through the horizontal well . | 4 |
a method of inducing laxation in a patient who has been chronically taking opioids , the method comprising administering a quaternary derivative of noroxymorphone in an amount sufficient to prevent or treat the side effect in the patient , but which amount would be insufficient to treat a patient with the same opioid - induced side effect who had not chronically been administered opioids . | 0 |
This is the Python package corresponding to "Chain breaking in the statistical mechanical constitutive theory of polymer networks" by Michael R. Buche and Meredith N. Silberstein, 2021. It was written for Python 3, and uses some typical packages: numpy, scipy, and matplotlib. Please find more information on installation, usage, and examples here. | 9 |
a motor vehicle seat belt retractor having load limiting features for controlling seat belt restraint loads for a retractor having a spool for storing belt webbing and rotatable with respect to a retractor frame , and a locking mechanism for locking the spool to provide vehicle occupant restraint . a load limiting element coupled with the spool limits restraint loading of the seat belt webbing upon locking of the spool . a rotational displacement limiting mechanism limits the displacement of the load limiting element , the limiting mechanism having a cam forming a spiral flight rotatable with the load limiting element and a cam follower engaging the spiral flight . the cam and the cam follower interengage to reach an end position preventing further relative angular displacement beyond a predetermined angular displacement of the load limiting element . embodiments provide various configurations for the cam and cam follower elements . | 1 |
Context. The recently discovered population of faint Fanaroff-Riley type 0 (FR0) radio galaxies has been interpreted as the extension to low power of the classical FRI sources. Their radio emission appears to be concentrated in very compact parsec scale cores, any extended emission is very weak or absent, and very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations show that jets are already mildly or sub-relativistic at parsec scales. Based on these observational properties, we propose here that the jets of FR0s are strongly decelerated and disturbed at the parsec scale by hydrodynamical instabilities. <BR /> Aims: With the above scenario in mind, we studied the dynamics of a low-power relativistic jet propagating into a confining external medium, focusing on the effects of entrainment and mixing promoted by the instabilities developing at the jet-environment interface downstream of a recollimation shock. <BR /> Methods: We performed a 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulation of a recollimated jet by means of the state-of-the-art code PLUTO. The jet was initially conical, relativistic (with an initial Lorentz factor Γ = 5), cold, and light with respect to the confining medium, whose pressure is assumed to slowly decline with distance. The magnetic field is assumed to be dynamically unimportant. <BR /> Results: The 3D simulation shows that, after the first recollimation and reflection shock system, a rapidly growing instability develops, as a result of the interplay between recollimation-induced instabilities and Richtmyer-Meshkov modes. In turn, the instabilities promote strong mixing and entrainment that rapidly lead to the deceleration of the jet and spread its momentum to slowly moving, highly turbulent external gas. We argue that this mechanism could account for the peculiarities of the low-power FR0 jets. For outflows with a higher power, Lorentz factor, or magnetic field, we expect that the destabilizing effects are less effective, allowing the survival of the jet up to the kiloparsec scale, as observed in FRIs. | 9 |
a system and method for generating actions utilizing predefined commands within a communications network comprises predefined commands called symbol commands . these are character strings entered into an internet platform during an internet protocol session . the method and system can be used via the internet and is well - suited for mobile use . in addition , utilization of keywords and alpha - numeric or other character symbols to form symbol commands allows for complex command structuring . a search process is used in combination with a symbol command and a symbol command directory to identify specific goods and services , or related symbol commands . in addition , a platform performs specific predetermined actions in response to the symbol command such as making product purchases or providing services such as location - based services , coupon delivery or travel ticketing . the symbol command structure and internet platform will also utilize identification information associated with an individual user . furthermore , the platform may implement a response using location information associated with the user from the country code , area code or prefix code of a user &# 39 ; s telephone number , or use gps location information associated with the user &# 39 ; s internet device . the symbol command system and method provide an improved form of access to products and services via the internet . | 6 |
prostaglandin e - type derivatives and analogs having a 6 - keto feature are disclosed , including processes for preparing them and the appropriate intermediates , said derivatives having pharmacological activity . a typical 6 - keto compound is 6 - keto - pge 1 , methyl ester , represented by the formula : ## str1 ## | 2 |
a stent delivery system for delivering a stent , the stent delivery system having a push catheter , a guide member , and an elongated stent securing material having a first portion arranged to a push catheter outer surface , a second portion , a third portion , and a fourth portion arranged to the push catheter outer surface , in that order . the first portion and the fourth portion are arranged to the push catheter outer surface such that only one of the first portion and the fourth portion is present on a cross - section plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis . the stent delivery system is configured to have a secured configuration in which the guide member is arranged within a push catheter lumen and a stent lumen and through a loop formed by a section between the second portion and the third portion to secure the stent . | 0 |
an outbound call management capability is provided for a public switched telephone network by a network based outbound call management complex , which can be accessed by all subscribers to the public switched network through one or more central offices in the network . a predetermined list of telephone numbers is stored in a data base in the nocm complex for each subscriber who uses the nocm services . the telephone numbers are automatically dialed at one or more predetermined scheduled times . when one of the dialed telephones is answered , the nocm complex sets up a connection through the public switched telephone network between the called party and one or more attendants at one or more telephone numbers specified by a customer of the nocm services . the nocm services are made available to any subscriber of the public switched telephone network by provision of a special access code which permits a subscriber who is a customer of this service to dial the nocm complex which will then interact with the customer by responding to voice or dtmf commands from the customer . the customer may program the list of telephone numbers to be called and program the telephone phone numbers to be used by the nocm system to connect awaiting attendants with parties automatically called by the nocm system . the nocm system customer may set the time for the execution of his calling program by the nocm system , and may interrupt or otherwise influence or change the execution of his program . all of this may be accomplished without a need to purchase expensive outbound call management premises equipment or to retain the services of a special provider of outbound call management services . | 7 |
a split magnet ring , particularly useful in a magnetron plasma reactor sputter depositing tantalum or tungsten or other barrier metal into a via and also resputter etching the deposited material from the bottom of the via onto the via sidewalls . the magnet ring includes two annular magnet rings composed of the same axial polarity separated by a non - magnetic spacing of at least the axial length of one magnet and associated poles . a small unbalanced magnetrons rotates about the back of the target having an outer pole of the same polarity as the ring magnets surrounding a weaker inner pole of the opposite pole . | 7 |
We present an investigation of 12 candidate transiting planets from Kepler with orbital periods ranging from 34 to 207 days, selected from initial indications that they are small and potentially in the habitable zone (HZ) of their parent stars. Few of these objects are known. The expected Doppler signals are too small to confirm them by demonstrating that their masses are in the planetary regime. Here we verify their planetary nature by validating them statistically using the BLENDER technique, which simulates large numbers of false positives and compares the resulting light curves with the Kepler photometry. This analysis was supplemented with new follow-up observations (high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, adaptive optics imaging, and speckle interferometry), as well as an analysis of the flux centroids. For 11 of them (KOI-0571.05, 1422.04, 1422.05, 2529.02, 3255.01, 3284.01, 4005.01, 4087.01, 4622.01, 4742.01, and 4745.01) we show that the likelihood they are true planets is far greater than that of a false positive, to a confidence level of 99.73% (3σ) or higher. For KOI-4427.01 the confidence level is about 99.2% (2.6σ). With our accurate characterization of the GKM host stars, the derived planetary radii range from 1.1 to 2.7 R <SUB>⊕</SUB>. All 12 objects are confirmed to be in the HZ, and nine are small enough to be rocky. Excluding three of them that have been previously validated by others, our study doubles the number of known rocky planets in the HZ. KOI-3284.01 (Kepler-438b) and KOI-4742.01 (Kepler-442b) are the planets most similar to the Earth discovered to date when considering their size and incident flux jointly. | 9 |
a reusable multi - functional pad / filtration device for providing an easy and unique way to absorb fluids from raw , thawed , or cooked foods . the device features two outer layers that sandwich two middle layers and an absorbent gasket . the gasket is positioned between the two middle layers . borders are disposed on each side edge of the device . the device may be used in combination with a holding system that includes a base and a serving tray . | 8 |
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