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waterborne coatings are described having an acceptable balance of properties both during the storage of coating , application and drying . the period in which irregularities in a freshly applied coating can be repaired without resulting in brush marks is referred to as the open time . aqueous coatings generally employ dispersed high molecular weight polymers as binders . these binders often provide short open times when the coating is dried since the dispersed polymer particles tend to be immobilized quickly in the edge region of an applied coating . as a result , the viscosity of the coating increases rapidly , which leads to a limited window of workability . the instant invention provides additives that are not volatile but that will extend the time that the film is malleable after it is applied without interfering with other attributes , such as the resistance of the coating to freezing while in the can prior to application . | 2 |
an apparatus and method is disclosed using a blanket which is an assembly of at least one graphite fiber element of high thermal conductivity and at least one metal sheet element such as a copper sheet element to repair an aircraft structure made of composite fiber materials . the blanket is placed in thermal contact with a silicone rubber heat blanket , having an internal heat source , and the aircraft structure , such as composite laminates . use of the blanket increases the rate at which the temperature of the laminates can be elevated to the proper range for repair and transfers heat from hot spots to cold spots to ensure a uniform temperature throughout the laminates . | 1 |
a golf clubhead including a front strike face , a sole extending rearwardly from the base of the strike face , and a vibration damper mounted at least on one side of the head and including a stress plate and a visco - elastic layer , wherein at least one of the two components of the vibration damper has at least one opening therethrough . | 0 |
the present invention relates to rapid prototyping technology and advances a new forming process of extrusion and jetting without thermal liquefaction . the present invention greatly simplifies the forming system , improves the quality and reduces the cost , protects many special materials , especially the dear nature of bioactive materials to adapt to making the tissue engineering scaffold in bioengineering . | 1 |
Scaling relations between supermassive black hole mass, M<SUB>BH</SUB>, and host galaxy properties are a powerful instrument for studying their co-evolution. A complete picture involving all of the black hole scaling relations, in which each relation is consistent with the others, is necessary to fully understand the black hole-galaxy connection. The relation between M<SUB>BH</SUB> and the central light concentration of the surrounding bulge, quantified by the Sérsic index n, may be one of the simplest and strongest such relations, requiring only uncalibrated galaxy images. We have conducted a census of literature Sérsic index measurements for a sample of 54 local galaxies with directly measured M<SUB>BH</SUB> values. We find a clear M<SUB>BH</SUB>-n relation, despite an appreciable level of scatter due to the heterogeneity of the data. Given the current M<SUB>BH</SUB>-L<SUB>sph</SUB> and the L<SUB>sph</SUB>-n relations, we have additionally derived the expected M<SUB>BH</SUB>-n relations, which are marginally consistent at the 2σ level with the observed relations. Elliptical galaxies and the bulges of disc galaxies are each expected to follow two distinct bent M<SUB>BH</SUB>-n relations due to the Sérsic/core-Sérsic divide. For the same central light concentration, we predict that M<SUB>BH</SUB> in the Sérsic bulges of disc galaxies are an order magnitude higher than in Sérsic elliptical galaxies if they follow the same M<SUB>BH</SUB>-L<SUB>sph</SUB> relation. | 9 |
a user equipment implementing a message recovery method is disclosed , supporting messages of both the circuit switched domain and the packet switched domain . the ue roams in a wireless telecommunications system and performs a call setup procedure . when the ue receives an nas message comprising a domain identifier and a protocol discriminator , the ue determines whether the domain identifier and the protocol discriminator are of the same domain . if the domain identifier and the protocol discriminator are of the same domain , the ue proceeds with processes corresponding to the nas message . if the domain identifier and the protocol discriminator are of different domains , the nas message is determined to be an error message , and the ue modifies the domain identifier of the nas message to generate a recovered nas message , and determines whether the recovered nas message is compatible to the call setup procedure . | 7 |
embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods , systems , and apparatuses related to dynamic element matching for time - to - digital converters . other embodiments may be described and claimed . | 7 |
the operational states of a plurality , p , of devices is controlled in response to pre - programmed information stored in m channels of a memory device , where m is an integer . the stored information is represented by m digital signals . an encoder combines n of the m digital signals , where n & lt ; m , and generates a set of encoded signals . a gating circuit gates the digital signals not encoded by the encoder with the set of encoded signals and generates a plurality , p , of output signals , where p & gt ; m , for controlling the operational states of the p devices . | 6 |
the present invention provides a process which in a preferred embodiment includes the steps of . applying a hot melt adhesive to a heated roll rotating at an initial tangential speed ; milling the adhesive to a reduced thickness and accelerating said adhesive through a series of metering gaps between a plurality of adjacent heated glue rolls ; applying the adhesive to a conformable glue application roll rotating at a tangential line speed which is higher than the initial tangential speed ; applying the adhesive to a first patterned embossing roll which is engaged with a second patterned embossing roll having a complementary pattern to the first embossing roll , the embossing rolls being heated ; passing a web of sheet material between the first and second embossing rolls at the tangential line speed to simultaneously emboss the web and apply the adhesive to the web , such that the adhesive forms an adhesive pattern between embossments ; transferring the web from the second embossing roll to the first embossing roll ; stripping the web from the first embossing roll ; and cooling the web . | 1 |
the invention relates to the use of purine derivatives for the production of medicaments for the treatment of mucoviscidosis and diseases related to protein addressing errors in cells , said derivatives being of formula : where r2 , r6 and r9 , independently = halogen , a r — nh —, r — nh — nh —, nh 2 — r ′— nh or r — nh — r ′— nh — group , where r = straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl , cycloalkyl , or heterocyclyl group , r ′= straight or branched chain , saturated or unsaturated alkylene , arylene or cycloalkylene , r and r ′ each include 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted with one or more — oh , halogen , amino or alkyl groups , r2 furthermore may be a heterocycle optionally with a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl or cycloaryl or a heterocycle optionally substituted by one or more — oh , halogen , amino or alkyl groups , r9 furthermore may be a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl , aryl or cycloalkyl and r2 and r9 furthermore may be hydrogen with the exception of 2 -- 6 - benzylamino - 9 - methylpurine . | 0 |
an alkylation catalyst including a least one porous refractory metal oxide with at least one halogen on the surface thereof . the catalyst contains 0 . 005 - 1 wt % of at least one metal from groups ia and iia of the periodic table of the elements and is particularly useful in an isobutane alkylation method using light olefins . | 2 |
heretofore , the only practical way known to decrease the viscosity of an ionically thickened tetrafluoroethylene polymer dispersion has been by diluting it with water . this decreases the solids level , which can have an undesirable effect on subsequent processing . it has now been discovered that if the tetrafluoroethylene polymer dispersion contains a sodium phosphate in which the ratio of na 2 o to p 2 o 5 is between 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 , the viscosity of the dispersion can be decreased by adding selected inorganic electrolytes . | 2 |
the gene responsible for systemic carnitine deficiency was found to be the octn2 gene involved in the transportation of organic cations . this invention enables tests for this disease by detecting whether or not the octn2 gene has a mutation . furthermore , systemic carnitine deficiency can be treated using the normal octn2 gene and its protein . | 2 |
the disclosure herein describes a method and apparatus for the removal , by dialysis , of gases physically dissolved in the blood of a person , more particularly a diver or an aviator ; the blood is brought into contact , in an exchange cell , with a membrane permeable to gases only ; a liquid having high solubility for gases is circulated on the side of the membrane so that the gases dissolved in the blood are made to follow their chemical potential gradient across the membrane into the liquid . | 0 |
one embodiment of the invention concerns an electrical household apparatus , for example a washing machine , equipped with a control device in the form of a panel , said panel comprising a display device for providing visual data to the user . said panel is made of a material which is substantially opaque when it has a normal thickness . one area specific to the display device comprises at least one transparency zone wherein the thickness of the panel material is reduced relative to the thickness of the material outside said transparency zone such that light from a light source , for example a light - emitting diode , located behind the panel may pass through said transparency zone . such a configuration provides backlighted panels having a closed surface . in another embodiment , the control device is in the form of a turning knob . | 6 |
an apparatus and method for assessing market conditions , or for analyzing of other parameters that appear to fluctuate randomly , compare the changing conditions to the changes that would be predicted by brownian motion . when the changes exceed those predicted by brownian motion , a trend is considered to exist and can be expected to continue , and when the changes are less than those predicted by brownian motion , then a congestion condition exists . when enough measurements are taken , the length of the trend or congestion can be predicted . in one embodiment , the computation necessary to analyze the data on the condition being monitored is distributed among computers of subscribers to a monitoring service based on the method . | 6 |
a stabilizing pontoon system adapted for use in small watercraft which includes a pair of vertically adjustable outriggers connected by a linkage system to an actuator and to each of which is mounted a pontoon which is lowered into the water to stabilize the watercraft but which may be incrementally elevated to reduce drag as the watercraft is moving through the water . | 1 |
an oral hygiene device having , in one embodiment , a unique , unrestricted , self - adjusting two - headed gum - specific brush on one end of a handle ; and in another embodiment , a two - headed gumbrush on one end of an elongated handle and a toothbrush on the opposite end of the handle . a tongue scraper may also be included on the toothbrush end of the device . | 0 |
in the formation of multilevel liga microstructures , a preformed sheet of photoresist material , such as polymethylmethacrylate is patterned by exposure through a mask to radiation , such as x - rays , and developed using a developer to remove the exposed photoresist material . a first microstructure is then formed by electroplating metal into the areas from which the photoresist has been removed . additional levels of microstructure are added to the initial microstructure by covering the first microstructure with a conductive polymer , machining the conductive polymer layer to reveal the surface of the first microstructure , sealing the conductive polymer and surface of the first microstructure with a metal layer , and then forming the second level of structure on top of the first level structure . in such a manner , multiple layers of microstructure can be built up to allow complex cantilevered microstructures to be formed . | 7 |
We compare the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and inferred physical properties for simulated and observed galaxies at low redshift. We exploit UV-submillimetre mock fluxes of ∼7000 z = 0 galaxies from the EAGLE suite of cosmological simulations, derived using the radiative transfer code skirt. We compare these to ∼800 observed galaxies in the UV-submillimetre range, from the DustPedia sample of nearby galaxies. To derive global properties, we apply the SED fitting code cigale consistently to both data sets, using the same set of ∼80 million models. The results of this comparison reveal overall agreement between the simulations and observations, both in the SEDs and in the derived physical properties, with a number of discrepancies. The optical and far-infrared regimes, and the scaling relations based upon the global emission, diffuse dust, and stellar mass, show high levels of agreement. However, the mid-infrared fluxes of the EAGLE galaxies are overestimated while the far-UV domain is not attenuated enough, compared to the observations. We attribute these discrepancies to a combination of galaxy population differences between the samples and limitations in the subgrid treatment of star-forming regions in the EAGLE-skirt post-processing recipe. Our findings show the importance of detailed radiative transfer calculations and consistent comparison, and provide suggestions for improved numerical models. | 9 |
individual components in a tube are successively removed and thenriented for pickup by first positioning the tube , whose ends are opened , in a horizontal orientation such that the components in the tube are upside down . thereafter , a component is at least partially expelled from one end of the tube by directing a stream of gas into the other end of the tube . the component partially expelled from the tube is then withdrawn from the tube to locate the component between a pair of jaws capable of rotation about an arc of 180 °. the jaws then engage the component and thereafter rotate it 180 ° before positioning the component right side up . | 8 |
the invention provides a method of making a formable hockey stick blade , the method comprising : providing a core having a blade element with a thickness , the core being made of expandable foam having a poisson ratio of at least 0 . 33 ; forming a preformed stick blade by wrapping the core with a layer of fibers pre - impregnated with a thermoplastic material ; placing the preformed stick blade in a mold ; applying heat and pressure to the mold for bringing the thermoplastic material to its amorphous form and for compressing the preformed stick blade such that the thickness of the blade element of the core is reduced ; cooling the mold such that the thermoplastic material is set ; and removing the formable stick blade from the mold . | 1 |
an electronic camera includes a solid state imaging device and an image processor that calculates a quality parameter and controls signalling of the quality parameter to an operator of the electronic camera . the quality of the recorded image may be determined based on a histogram of image pixel values . a user may be perceptibly warned when the quality parameter is outside a predetermined range . | 7 |
an embodiment of the invention comprises a method and system for testing a networking system &# 39 ; s performance . the invention solves a problem related to upgrading system components associated with different steps of the testing process for networking systems . systems embodying the invention comprise a processing apparatus and a testing apparatus , each of which contains a data bus . the two data buses are linked together through a bi - directional communication bridge that allows the testing apparatus and the processing apparatus to transparently communicate such that the bridged data buses behave as through they exist on a same local bus . the architecture provided by the invention allows for the upgrading of a processing apparatus for enhanced data processing performance without changing existing adequate testing devices . | 7 |
a copying apparatus equipped with an automatic duplexed original document feeding device , which is so arranged that , in the course of operation for an original document in an original document feeding path , after suspension of the operation , any remaining operation with respect to said original document can be rapidly and correctly resumed . the status of the copying operation is monitored and stored , and upon restoration of the copying cycle the document can be correctly positioned to continue the copying cycle as if the copying operation had never been interrupted . | 6 |
Substantial effort has been devoted to the characterization of transient phenomena from photometric information. Automated approaches to this problem have taken advantage of complete phase coverage of an event, limiting their use for triggering rapid follow-up of ongoing phenomena. In this work, we introduce a neural network with a single recurrent layer designed explicitly for early photometric classification of supernovae (SNe). Our algorithm leverages transfer learning to account for model misspecification, host-galaxy photometry to solve the data-scarcity problem soon after discovery, and a custom weighted loss to prioritize accurate early classification. We first train our algorithm using state-of-the-art transient and host-galaxy simulations, then adapt its weights and validate it on the spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia, SNe II, and SNe Ib/c from the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey. On observed data, our method achieves an overall accuracy of 82% ± 2% within 3 days of an event's discovery, and an accuracy of 87% ± 5% within 30 days of discovery. At both early and late phases, our method achieves comparable or superior results to the leading classification algorithms with a simpler network architecture. These results help pave the way for rapid photometric and spectroscopic follow-up of scientifically valuable transients discovered in massive synoptic surveys. | 9 |
an electrical enclosure for an electrical component includes a housing having a bus bar portion and an electrical component portion arranged to receive the electrical component . at least one shutter is moveably arranged between the bus bar portion and the electrical component portion . a shutter interlock is arranged in the electrical component portion . the shutter interlock is configured and disposed to prevent the at least one shutter from shifting from a closed position to an open position when the electrical component is absent from the electrical component portion of the housing . | 7 |
a process for recycling waste sulfuric acid by decomposing organic contaminants by use of light energy , comprising exposing a waste sulfuric acid containing contaminants to a focused radiation emission having an irradiation intensity within the range of from 0 . 01 to 100 mw / m 2 in a reaction chamber shaped as a directly - absorbing receiver , wherein the chamber is maintained at a temperature within the range of from 200 ° c . to 1000 ° c . to form sulfur trioxide and water as sulfuric acid decomposition products . the process also includes forming sulfur dioxide and oxygen , starting materials for sulfuric acid , by cleavage of the decomposition product sulfur trioxide by maintaining the reaction chamber at a temperature between 400 ° c . and 1500 ° c . the process , particularly adapted for irradiations with direct solar radiation . | 8 |
an organic combined insulated dry electronic transformer for outputting an optical signal , in which an organic insulated capacitor voltage - divider insulator is used as the main insulator to bear all the whole high voltage . a coreless coil is wound around the outside of the tap of capacitance plate in the capacitor voltage - divider insulator to measure current ; or a low voltage signal is taken from the capacitance plate adjacent to the tap of capacitance plate in the capacitor voltage - divider insulator to measure voltage ; then the received current signal or the voltage signal is transformed into an optical signal by a converter that converts an electric signal into an optical signal and then outputted . the coreless coil as a current sensor has ground potential and the capacitor as a voltage sensor has low potential . | 7 |
the invention comprises an isolation amplifier including an input circuit and an output circuit coupled through an isolation transformer . a switching type balanced modulator modulates a square wave carrier with an analog signal input and delivers the resulting signal to the input of the isolation transformer . a demodulator in the output circuit inverts alternate points of the modulated square wave carrier to essentially reproduce the analog input . a sample and hold capacitor circuit connected to the output of the demodulator fills the gap between the trailing and leading edges of successive pulses . | 7 |
there is disclosed a tag making and stacking system , tag stackers and stack trays . to increase tag making capacity , a wide tag web is slit into completely severed narrow tag webs which are cut apart to form tags which are immediately separated and formed into spaced apart stacks . the new system includes a printer and a stacking system to receive and stack tags . the stacking system includes a tag stacker and a removable tag - receiving tray to facilitate transferring a stack of tags from the tag stacker to the place where the tags are to be used . a method of handling tags involves the provision of at least first and second removable trays wherein a first tray with a stack of tags can be replaced by an empty second tray so that the stacking of additional tags can recommence without waiting for the first tray to be emptied . | 1 |
a heat exchanger which can prevent the increase of an internal resistance by baffle plates , can make the gradient of a heat exchange rate between an inlet side and outlet side more gradual , and can make uniform a temperature distribution of a fluid flowing outside . | 5 |
a canvas stretching and framing device upon which canvas or other sheet material may be stretched includes fixed corner sections and straight sections . the fixed corner sections ensure the squareness and rigidity of the device while simultaneously allowing for easy adjustments in order to maintain the canvas in a taut condition over the device . the straight sections may be easily cut to any desired length , which allows for easy adjustment of the device &# 39 ; s size . the corner sections may include a plurality of protrusions which engage a plurality of cavities formed in the straight sections in a way that forms a continuous perimeter upon which canvas may be stretched . | 1 |
We investigate the group-scale environment of 15 luminous quasars (luminosity L <SUB>3000</SUB> > 10<SUP>46</SUP> erg s<SUP>‑1</SUP>) from the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) at redshift z ≈ 1. Using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer integral field spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope, we conduct a deep galaxy redshift survey in the CUBS quasar fields to identify group members and measure the physical properties of individual galaxies and galaxy groups. We find that the CUBS quasars reside in diverse environments. The majority (11 out of 15) of the CUBS quasars reside in overdense environments with typical halo masses exceeding 10<SUP>13</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>, while the remaining quasars reside in moderate-size galaxy groups. No correlation is observed between overdensity and redshift, black hole (BH) mass, or luminosity. Radio-loud quasars (5 out of 15 CUBS quasars) are more likely to be in overdense environments than their radio-quiet counterparts in the sample, consistent with the mean trends from previous statistical observations and clustering analyses. Nonetheless, we also observe radio-loud quasars in moderate groups and radio-quiet quasars in overdense environments, indicating a large scatter in the connection between radio properties and environment. We find that the most UV luminous quasars might be outliers in the stellar mass-to-halo mass relations or may represent departures from the standard single-epoch BH relations. | 9 |
a method of converting an analog signal to a digital signal includes comparing an input current to one or more reference currents to generate the desired digital signal . an analog - to - digital converter includes a plurality of current comparators ; and a plurality of current references providing reference currents to the comparators . | 7 |
a new and distinct cultivar of raspberry plant named ‘ pacific starlet ’ as described and shown herein . ‘ pacific starlet ’ provides very firm berries which detach easily from the receptacle and maintain bright non - darkening color in postharvest cold storage . | 0 |
the present invention relates to a process for preparing a stable emulsion / dispersion of an oil and an aqueous phase , wherein a β - glucans rich substrate , derived from oat or barley grain , is the active emulsifying component . | 0 |
the invention provides a fiber reinforced optical microcable comprised of a buffered optical waveguide coated with a fiber reinforced protective sheath made of a fiber reinforced , ultraviolet light cured resin over which is formed an ultraviolet light cured resin overcoat . the protective sheath is manufactured by soaking reinforcing fibers in the uv curable resin , placing the wetted fibers around the buffered optical waveguide , feeding both the fibers and buffered optical waveguide through a die , and curing the resin with ultraviolet light . then , an ultraviolet light cured resin is flow coated over the protective sheath and cured with ultraviolet light to complete the microcable . | 6 |
a device used to measure the mass flow of a particulate transported with the aid of a gas . the device includes an arrangement which is used to create an electromagnetic field , with a measuring area being defined therein . an evaluation device for electromagnetic radiation which is reflected at least off of the solid is connected to a detector . the evaluation device is provided with a differentiator which is connected to the detector for detecting reflected electromagnetic radiation . a rectifier is connected to the differentiator in order to determine an amount , whereby mass flow is obtained from the reflection amount . the reflection is measured , at least from the solid within the measuring area of the magnetic field , whereupon the differential quotient is determined as a function of time from the chronological progression of the measuring signal and the absolute value is obtained therefrom . a measuring signal is obtained from the non - homogeneity of the electromagnetic field , forming the integral over time of the amount of the reflected power per time . the measuring signal is proportional to the mass flow . | 6 |
to determine two positional co - ordinates , of a point within a space , a beam a radiation is caused to illuminate a part of the space and is deflected cylindrically over the space , the beam being modulated in phase with the cyclical movement such that the radiation incident upon the point includes enough information to identify the point . embodiments with rotational and cartesian co - ordinate axes are disclosed . | 6 |
a catalyst for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in the presence of ammonia in the form of composite bodies formed from a mixture of zirconia , a zeolite , a bond material , and , optionally , a promoter selected from oxides of vanadium and copper in the amount of at least 0 . 1 % by weight . | 1 |
a stowable vehicle seat has a cushion frame supported by a parallel link arrangement positioned outboard of the seat and inboard a pair of upstanding side plates to permit optimal downward folding of the seat cushion . a latch arrangement is provided for establishing various positions between an operative elevated position and a stowed position . | 1 |
valve operating apparatus is disclosed in which intake or exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine are operated by rocker arms driven by cams having different cam profiles and hydraulically operated coupling mechanisms for selectively connecting or disconnecting adjacent rocker arms to vary the operation of the valves under different engine operating conditions . sensing means in the form of a piston displacement detecting device is included in the apparatus to monitor its operating condition . | 5 |
a method of starting a wind turbine generator of any type of polyphase ac machine , including , but not limited to , brushless dc or permanent magnet machines is disclosed . the machine starts from a dead stop or from low speed operation and is accelerated to the cut in speed for power production . the start - up is realized utilizing the common set of electrical conductors and the power converter also used for capturing the generated power . under initial operation , the power converter executes a pwm modulation technique to drive the machine . periodically , the pwm modulation is stopped to read the electrical position of the generator . | 0 |
the presently claimed invention provides apparatus helpful for authenticating or protecting physical and electronic documents like financial documents and identification documents . one claim recites an apparatus including : an authenticator including or utilizing a processor which uses first information in a first portion of data associated with an object as a basis of first authentication information , the first information also being obtainable from a first portion of the object ; and an incorporator including or utilizing a processor which incorporates the first authentication information in a second portion of the data , the first authentication information also being obtainable from a second portion of the object . of course , other claims and combinations are provided as well . | 6 |
in apparatus for superresolution microscopy or microlithography , wherein a spot in the specimen to be examined or in the microlithographic medium is raised to an excited state by a first pulse of light , and a second pulse of light reduces the excitation in the peripheral parts of the spot to increase the resolution of the instrument , a method whereby the wavelength of the second pulse in the specimen or medium is the same as the wavelength of the first pulse , thereby allowing the cost and complexity of the apparatus to be lowered . | 6 |
an electronic device includes an electronic component and a heat dissipating casing configured to dissipate heat from the electronic component . the casing includes top and bottom sides of the heat dissipating casing forming a sealed chamber , and a pore structure formed within the sealed chamber . the sealed chamber is configured to receive a working medium and the pore structure is configured to absorb at least a portion of the working medium , whereby the heat generated from the electronic component is dissipated by a phase change of the working medium . | 7 |
an inexpensive storage system is disclosed along with methods of managing such a system . in one preferred embodiment , the system includes a high performance high reliability storage medium configured for initial storage of data , a low performance high reliability storage medium configured for backup of data initially stored on the high performance high reliability storage medium , and a high performance low reliability storage medium , configured to receive data transferred from the high performance high reliability storage medium , after the data has been backed up on the low performance high reliability storage medium . this significantly reduces the cost of the system without substantially comprising performance . reliability is likewise maintained owing to the high reliability backup . | 8 |
The debiased absolute-magnitude and orbit distributions as well as source regions for near-Earth objects (NEOs) provide a fundamental frame of reference for studies of individual NEOs and more complex population-level questions. We present a new four-dimensional model of the NEO population that describes debiased steady-state distributions of semimajor axis, eccentricity, inclination, and absolute magnitude H in the range 17 < H < 25. The modeling approach improves upon the methodology originally developed by Bottke et al. (2000, Science 288, 2190-2194) in that it is, for example, based on more realistic orbit distributions and uses source-specific absolute-magnitude distributions that allow for a power-law slope that varies with H. We divide the main asteroid belt into six different entrance routes or regions (ER) to the NEO region: the ν<SUB>6</SUB>, 3:1J, 5:2J and 2:1J resonance complexes as well as Hungarias and Phocaeas. In addition we include the Jupiter-family comets as the primary cometary source of NEOs. We calibrate the model against NEO detections by Catalina Sky Surveys' stations 703 and G96 during 2005-2012, and utilize the complementary nature of these two systems to quantify the systematic uncertainties associated to the resulting model. We find that the (fitted) H distributions have significant differences, although most of them show a minimum power-law slope at H ∼ 20. As a consequence of the differences between the ER-specific H distributions we find significant variations in, for example, the NEO orbit distribution, average lifetime, and the relative contribution of different ERs as a function of H. The most important ERs are the ν<SUB>6</SUB> and 3:1J resonance complexes with JFCs contributing a few percent of NEOs on average. A significant contribution from the Hungaria group leads to notable changes compared to the predictions by Bottke et al. in, for example, the orbit distribution and average lifetime of NEOs. We predict that there are 962<SUB>-56</SUB><SUP>+52</SUP> (802<SUB>-42</SUB><SUP>+48</SUP> ×10<SUP>3</SUP>) NEOs with H < 17.75 (H < 25) and these numbers are in agreement with the most recent estimates found in the literature (the uncertainty estimates only account for the random component). Based on our model we find that relative shares between different NEO groups (Amor, Apollo, Aten, Atira, Vatira) are (39.4,54.4,3.5,1.2,0.3)%, respectively, for the considered H range and that these ratios have a negligible dependence on H. Finally, we find an agreement between our estimate for the rate of Earth impacts by NEOs and recent estimates in the literature, but there remains a potentially significant discrepancy in the frequency of Tunguska-sized and Chelyabinsk-sized impacts. | 9 |
a method and product for identifying the origin of products having fiberglass components or constituents wherein the glass fibers are coated with a fluorescent agent that glows when subsequently subjected to uv or appropriate wavelength light . thus by selecting a unique color or pattern a manufacturer can readily identify his products . | 8 |
a method for calibration of a path length variable being used for navigating a terrestrial vehicle . the path length variable is measured by determining the number of revolutions of a wheel . for calibration of this value , two speed values are ascertained . a first speed value is determined using the number of revolutions of the wheel and a second speed value is determined using at least one external position sensor . one of the speed values is classified in a plurality of classes , and a calibration value in a class is ascertained using the speed values from this class . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a process for retanning chrome - tanned leather comprising applying to leather a reaction product of at least one glycerol monoester of a saturated c 12 - 18 monocarboxylic acid , at least one diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of toluene diisocyanate , hexamethylene diisocyanate , and isophorone diisocyanate , and dimethylolpropionic acid , wherein the components , and are so selected that the molar ratio of the isocyanate groups of component to the sum of the hydroxyl groups of components plus is about 0 . 5 to about 1 . 05 and the molar ratio of compound to compound is about 0 . 7 to about 1 . 5 and wherein the carboxyl groups originating from compound are at least partly neutralized . | 2 |
the present invention relates to a method for producing man - made devices which have the properties and functions of biological membranes and membrane proteins , and to the structure of such devices . briefly , in one aspect of the invention , natural or genetically engineered proteins are incorporated into a polymeric vesicle that is conjugated to a thread to form a vesicle - thread conjugate . the engineered protein is preferably a transmembrane protein embedded in the wall of the polymeric vesicle . the vesicle - thread conjugate is then formed into a membrane or thin fabric having a wide variety of inherent functionality , including the ability to selectively transport and / or filter compounds between fluids . by selecting proteins with specific properties , membranes can be fabricated with a defined functionality including molecular scale addressability via directed electrostatic , electromagnetic , and chemical forces . | 8 |
a method for controlling code power levels of individual codes of a composite quadrature phase shift keyed signal . the method may involve obtaining a sample of the composite qpsk signal ; separating the individual codes from the composite qpsk signal ; analyzing the individual codes against corresponding commanded code power settings for the individual codes ; and determining a code power correction signal needed for each of the individual codes needed to adjust a code power for each of the individual codes to match their corresponding commanded code power settings . | 7 |
a folding easel has three telescoping legs , leg locks for locking each of the legs at arbitrarily extended positions , two tie - bars each hinged at one end to an axle supported on a corresponding leg lock , one tie - bar being snap - engageable to an axle on a third leg lock , the remaining tie - bar being snap - engageable to an intermediate point of the first tie - bar to form a t tie - bar arrangement for maintaining the three legs in fixed spaced apart relationship and usable as a shelf for paint boxes or the like , the tie - bars being readily disengageable without removal of fasteners for folding together of the three legs . | 5 |
apparatus and a process for manufacturing multiple color thin - walled hollow sheels for parts such as automobile door panels , consoles and instrument panels from dry thermoplastic plastisol includes a supply box with a divider to form two or more compartments in the box . the box divider cooperates with selectively positioned split mold parts defining a separation in an open - ended heated mold for separating the mold into two or more sections . complementary open ends of the charge box and mold are joined . then the apparatus is rotated so that the powder is distributed into each mold section by gravity flow with the powder from each section flowing to the divider which separates the colors so as to form two or more tones on a resultant shell of cured material ; thereafter the powder box is removed and the split mold parts are joined to clamp cast shell segments for fusion at a joint line . | 8 |
nine efficient aldolase antibodies were generated using hapten 2 . this hapten combines , in a single molecule , structural components employed for reactive immunization with structural components employed for forming a transition state analog of the aldol reaction . characterization of two of these antibodies reveals that they are highly proficient and enantioselective catalysts for aldol and retro - aldol reactions and exhibit enantio - and diastereo - selectivities opposite that of antibody 38c2 . | 2 |
an electrosurgical system comprises a generator and an instrument including a first electrode , a second electrode , and an insulating spacer separating the first and second electrodes . the generator repeatedly measures a characteristic of the radio frequency output such as the impedance between the first and second electrodes . the generator analyses the impedance measurements , and interrupts the radio frequency signal when the rate of change of the impedance is such as to indicate the onset of a “ flare - out ”. in this way , the power is reduced before the flare - out leads to permanent damage or failure of the instrument . | 0 |
a flatbed scanner includes a housing , a transparent platen atop the housing for receiving an object to be scanned , and a carriage operable to travel along a horizontal direction and a vertical direction . the carriage includes a light source for illuminating the object and a rectangular photodetector array for simultaneously detecting light intensity of multiple scan lines . | 7 |
This release contains model input (e.g., preprocessed EDGARv6 files) and model scripts (r/src/chem_lifetime) for simulating tropospheric NO2 columns. These changes are initially designed for working with TROPOMI v1 and v2 data. Reference for the GMDD paper: Wu, D., Laughner, J. L., Liu, J., Palmer, P. I., Lin, J. C., and Wennberg, P. O.: A simplified non-linear chemistry-transport model for analyzing NO2 column observations, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-876, 2023. This paper is still in review and we expect possible changes to the model scripts during revisions. One can start with run_xstilt.r for generating the trajectories from each TROPOMI satellite sounding and then use run_stilt_nox.r to simulate NO2 columns [ppb]. More descriptions are included in the README.md. | 9 |
a bed clothing assembly for a mattress including a mattress band and a unitary sheet assembly that is removably attachable to the mattress band for attaching and changing bedding . the mattress band encircles the sidewall of the mattress , and includes upper and lower edge portions that extending inwardly and continuously around the peripheral edges of the top and bottom surfaces of the mattress , respectively , when the mattress band is installed on the mattress . the unitary sheet assembly includes a bottom sheet and top sheet connected together as one unit . a plurality of fasteners around the bottom sheet permit the detachable securment of the bottom sheet to the mattress band to facilitate placing the unitary sheet assembly on the mattress . this particular construction and arrangement is advantageous to a person that is physically disabled and permits easy changing of bedding without having to lift the mattress . | 0 |
disclosed is an electronic coin - collecting mechanism including a vertically movable sensor to examine qualified coins inserted into the mechanism so as to actuate a game on which the mechanism is mounted . the sensor consists of a first and a second oscillating coils and an inductive coil sandwiched between them , forming a first slot way and a second slot way at a lower portion of the sensor . the sensor can be set or reset to examine selected coin specifications simply by lifting it to allow a selected coin to be put into the second slot way and then letting down the sensor again . therefore , the electronic coin - collecting mechanism is conveniently - applicable to any type of coin and may effectively detect any disqualified coin and discharges the same . | 6 |
a computer system provides a vector monitor for monitoring a first instance of an error - handling vector in architected memory . the monitoring can involve repeatedly comparing the first instance with a second instance of the vector so as to detect a mismatch , should it occur . if a mismatch is detected , the vector monitor can notify an administrator , automatically initiate diagnostic routines , and / or correct the mismatch . as a result , potential fatal events in which firmware confronts a corrupted error - handling vector are less likely to occur . | 6 |
a new remover chemistry based on a choline compound , such as choline hydroxide , is provided in order to address problems related to removal of residues , modified photoresists , photoresists , and polymers such as organic anti - reflective coatings and gap - fill and sacrificial polymers from surfaces involved in dual damascene structures without damaging the dielectrics and substrates involved therein . an etch stop inorganic layer at the bottom of a dual damascene structure may or may not be used to cover the underlying interconnect of copper . if not used , a process step of removing that protective layer can be avoided through a timed etch of the via in trench - first dual damascene processes . | 7 |
a fluid - collection pan configured for supporting a unit or system responsible for fluid damage risk to its surroundings . multiple large egg - shaped supports upwardly extend from the pan &# 39 ; s bottom surface and are integrated with it . they also each have an arcuate top surface that is transformed into an elliptical base as it meets the pan &# 39 ; s bottom surface . each support also has an upwardly - tapering protrusion with a convexly - shaped top edge that extends centrally from one of the longer sides of the elliptical base toward the support &# 39 ; s top surface . the protrusion and the narrow sides of the elliptical base form a substantially triangular shape , which broadens the weight distribution of the supported fluid - causing unit across the pan &# 39 ; s bottom surface . the top surface of each support also has a central indentation configured for receipt of a vibration isolator that provides contact with the supported unit . optional stress - transmitting ribs may extend between adjacent egg - shaped supports . | 8 |
novel compounds are disclosed as potent inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme and as orally effective antihypertensive agents . the compounds have the general formula : ## str1 ## | 2 |
a sharpening device for a carpenter &# 39 ; s pencil . a housing has a pivotable guide with a cruciform passage to receive the pencil in either of two positions . a pair of oppositely directed blades are mounted on opposed walls within the housing . the pencil is pivoted while sliding it through the guide to obtain a selected sharpened profile on the end of the pencil . | 1 |
the invention generally concerns the fabrication of sodium or magnesium ion batteries comprising inorganic fullerene like nanoparticles and nanotubes . | 2 |
Extreme emission-line galaxies, such as blue compact dwarfs (BCDs), Green Peas (GPs), and blueberries in the local universe are potential candidates for understanding the nature of galaxies that reionized the early universe. Being low-mass, metal-poor starburst systems, they are understood to be local analogs of the high-redshift Lyman continuum and Lyα emitters (LAEs). Even with their proximity to us, we know little about their spatially resolved properties; while most blueberries and GPs are indeed compact, they remain unresolved. Here, we report the detection of a disk-like lower-surface-brightness (LSB) stellar host with a very old population around a blueberry LAE system using broad i-band imaging and integral field spectroscopic data from the SDSS and SDSS-IV MaNGA surveys, respectively. The LSB stellar host is structurally similar to that observed around local starburst BCDs. Furthermore, the kinematics of the studied blueberry source bears signs of misalignment between the gas and stellar components. Our findings establish an intriguing thread connecting the blueberry and an LSB disk with an old stellar population and suggest that blueberries and their high-redshift counterparts such as GPs do not represent peculiar cases of dwarf galaxy evolution. In fact, with respect to the structural properties of their host galaxies, they are compatible with a common evolutionary track of the main population of local BCDs. | 9 |
a simple outdoor security system which uses sensors to monitor an area around a building to detect intruders while reducing the number of sensors necessary for ensuring detection accuracy , which has at least a detection means for radiating light or an electric wave to a prescribed area to detect an object , receiving a wave reflected by the object and detecting at least the speed and location of the object ; an imaging means for imaging the object ; and a means for directing said imaging means toward the object according to the object &# 39 ; s speed and location detected by said detection means . | 7 |
an evidence retaining enclosure for receiving a limb for purposes of retaining dna evidence and the like . the enclosure includes an elongated body having a first open end and a second closed end , with the limb adapted to being inserted into the open end such that an end thereof is retained in proximity to the closed end . at least one pair of circumferential extending straps are associated with the open end for sizing about a projecting dimension of the limb , the straps being inter - engaged in order to secure the enclosure in place . the body further includes first and second telescoping portions , the first portion integrating the closed end and the second portion integrating the circumferential straps . axial fixing straps extend between the first and second telescoping portions for fixing an inter - telescoping relationship established therebetween . | 0 |
a system for data integration and collation of medical data is described . the system includes a plurality of data sources and a plurality of connectors , wherein the data sources include data from a physiological sensor and a caregiver data store , a connector and source are paired , and each paired connector converts source data between a first format and a second format different from the first format . the system further includes a rules engine and a medical rule associated with a medical protocol and a core transaction processing system configured to apply the medical rule to the data in the second format to implement a compliance rules check of the medical protocol . also described is a system for monitoring post - procedure complications using a plurality of physiological sensors for collecting medical data ; an on - site gateway communicating with the sensors ; a server for receiving physiological data recorded by the sensors from the gateway ; a database comprising a patient medical record , a prescribed protocol , and a rule set describing the prescribed protocol ; and a medical rule evaluator for accessing the rule set and applying the rule set to the physiological data to determine compliance with the prescribed protocol . | 6 |
a lithium ion battery is disclosed in which the negative electrode material comprises carbon nanostructures having no dimension greater than 2 μm . the battery has a high reversible capacity of the order of 400 mah / g to 500 mah / g which can be maintained over a long cycle - life . the carbon nanostructures may be mixed with graphite to improve conductivity . the carbon nanostructues may be synthesized using an afi template material followed by calcination . | 7 |
a method of enhancing throughput of a pipelined encryption / decryption engine for an encryption / decryption process has a predetermined number of stages and provides feedback around the stages by receiving a source datablock for a given stage and encryption / decryption context identifier ; indexing according to the encryption / decryption context identifier into a bank of initial variables to retrieve an initial variable for the source datablock ; and generating an output datablock from the source datablock and its corresponding initial variable . | 7 |
A time series of high-resolution spectra was observed in the optical wavelength region for the bright proto-planetary nebula IRAS 22272+5435 (HD 235858), along with a simultaneous monitoring of its radial velocity and BV R<SUB>C</SUB> magnitudes. The object is known to vary in light, color, and velocity owing to pulsation with a period of 132 days. The light and color variations are accompanied by significant changes in spectral features, most of which are identified as lines of carbon-bearing molecules. According to the observations, the C<SUB>2</SUB> Swan system and CN Red system lines are stronger near the light minimum. A photospheric spectrum of the central star was calculated using new self-consistent atmospheric models. The observed intensity variations in the C<SUB>2</SUB> Swan system and CN Red system lines were found to be much larger than expected if due solely to the temperature variation in the atmosphere of the pulsating star. In addition, the molecular lines are blueshifted relative to the photospheric velocity. The site of formation of the strong molecular features appears to be a cool outflow triggered by the pulsation. The variability in atomic lines seems to be mostly due variations of the effective temperature during the pulsation cycle. The profiles of strong atomic lines are split, and some of them are variable in a timescale of a week or so, probably because of shock waves in the outer atmosphere. | 9 |
a simple , versatile and easily applicable deformable wound protector apparatus for preventing foreign objects such as clothing and dressing from contacting the wound comprising a desirable length , a start and an end , and a lower and upper surface . the present invention may further include bridges and connectors to enhance its application . the deformable wound protector can conform to the specific contour and size of any wound and may be used with any dressing . | 0 |
the invention relates to improved methods of detecting and characterizing polynucleotide sequences and variations in polynucleotide sequences . the invention further relates to a device that can be used to detect and characterize polynucleotide sequences and variations in polynucleotide sequences . | 2 |
a roller pad printer for printing on an associated object includes a frame , a flat cliché operably mounted to the frame for receiving and a resilient roller pad operably mount to the frame for rolling contact , at a first location and in a first direction along the cliché , to receive ink transferred from the cliché . the roller pad is adapted for rolling contact with the object , at a second location and in a second direction , to transfer the ink from the roller pad to the object . | 1 |
The abundance of carbon relative to oxygen (C/O) is a promising probe of star formation history in the early universe, as the ratio changes with time due to production of these elements by different nucleosynthesis pathways. We present a measurement of $\mathrm{log}({\rm{C}}/{\rm{O}})=-1.01\pm 0.12$ (stat) ±0.15 (sys) in a z = 6.23 galaxy observed as part of the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. Notably, we achieve good precision thanks to the detection of the rest-frame ultraviolet O III], C III], and C IV emission lines delivered by JWST/NIRSpec. The C/O abundance is ~0.8 dex lower than the solar value and is consistent with the expected yield from core-collapse supernovae, indicating that longer-lived intermediate-mass stars have not fully contributed to carbon enrichment. This in turn implies rapid buildup of a young stellar population with age ≲100 Myr in a galaxy seen ~900 Myr after the big bang. Our chemical abundance analysis is consistent with spectral energy distribution modeling of JWST/NIRCam photometric data, which indicates a current stellar mass $\mathrm{log}\,{M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot }={8.4}_{-0.2}^{+0.4}$ and specific star formation rate ≃20 Gyr<SUP>-1</SUP>. These results showcase the value of chemical abundances and C/O in particular to study the earliest stages of galaxy assembly. | 9 |
a license key with method of implementation is disclosed . the license key is used for accessing a licensed product on an enterprise computer system . typically , the enterprise computer system includes a plurality of computer systems , but the computer systems are not necessarily interconnected . a first identifier code from the enterprise computer system , such as the system serial number , is used for allowing the license key to identify the enterprise . a second identifier code from a computer within the enterprise system is used , which is typically a serial number from the computer to identify it to the license key as being part of the enterprise system . lastly , a third identifier code is used , which is selected from the licensed product to be used on the enterprise system and is tied to the enterprise system number , thereby allowing the licensed program to be accessed on the enterprise system with only a single key , irrespective of the number of computers accessing the licensed program . the setup of the license key , along with calling the identifier codes from the enterprise system , each computer , and the license product , is performed by a license manager , which also provides other services based upon the license key . the license manager provides either usage control , access control , or both , based upon information generated by the license key and found within a product information packet provided with the licensed product and based upon the enterprise system . | 6 |
This review of scaling theories of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence aims to put the developments of the last few years in the context of the canonical time line (from Kolmogorov to Iroshnikov-Kraichnan to Goldreich-Sridhar to Boldyrev). It is argued that Beresnyak's (valid) objection that Boldyrev's alignment theory, at least in its original form, violates the Reduced-MHD rescaling symmetry can be reconciled with alignment if the latter is understood as an intermittency effect. Boldyrev's scalings, a version of which is recovered in this interpretation, and the concept of dynamic alignment (equivalently, local 3D anisotropy) are thus an example of a physical theory of intermittency in a turbulent system. The emergence of aligned structures naturally brings into play reconnection physics and thus the theory of MHD turbulence becomes intertwined with the physics of tearing, current-sheet disruption and plasmoid formation. Recent work on these subjects by Loureiro, Mallet et al. is reviewed and it is argued that we may, as a result, finally have a reasonably complete picture of the MHD turbulent cascade (forced, balanced, and in the presence of a strong mean field) all the way to the dissipation scale. This picture appears to reconcile Beresnyak's advocacy of the Kolmogorov scaling of the dissipation cutoff (as $\mathrm {Re}^{3/4}$) with Boldyrev's aligned cascade. It turns out also that these ideas open the door to some progress in understanding MHD turbulence without a mean field - MHD dynamo - whose saturated state is argued to be controlled by reconnection and to contain, at small scales, a tearing-mediated cascade similar to its strong-mean-field counterpart (this is a new result). On the margins of this core narrative, standard weak-MHD-turbulence theory is argued to require some adjustment - and a new scheme for such an adjustment is proposed - to take account of the determining part that a spontaneously emergent 2D condensate plays in mediating the Alfvén-wave cascade from a weakly interacting state to a strongly turbulent (critically balanced) one. This completes the picture of the MHD cascade at large scales. A number of outstanding issues are surveyed: imbalanced turbulence (for which a new, tentative theory is proposed), residual energy, MHD turbulence at subviscous scales, and decaying MHD turbulence (where there has been dramatic progress recently, and reconnection again turned out to feature prominently). Finally, it is argued that the natural direction of research is now away from the fluid MHD theory and into kinetic territory - and then, possibly, back again. The review lays no claim to objectivity or completeness, focusing on topics and views that the author finds most appealing at the present moment. | 9 |
We present deep spectra of ring nebulae associated with Wolf-Rayet (WR) and O-type stars: NGC 6888, G2.4+1.4, RCW 58, S 308, NGC 7635 and RCW 52. The data have been taken with the 10m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the 6.5m Clay Telescope. We extract spectra of several apertures in some of the objects. We derive C<SUP>2+</SUP> and O<SUP>2+</SUP> abundances from faint recombination lines in NGC 6888 and NGC 7635, permitting to derive their C/H and C/O ratios and estimate the abundance discrepancy factor (ADF) of O<SUP>2+</SUP>. The ADFs are larger than the typical ones of normal H II regions but similar to those found in the ionized gas of star-forming dwarf galaxies. We find that chemical abundances are rather homogeneous in the nebulae where we have spectra of several apertures: NGC 6888, NGC 7635 and G2.4+1.4. We obtain very high values of electron temperature in a peripheral zone of NGC 6888, finding that shock excitation can reproduce its spectral properties. We find that all the objects associated with WR stars show N enrichment. Some of them also show He enrichment and O deficiency as well as a lower Ne/O than expected, this may indicate the strong action of the ON and NeNa cycles. We have compared the chemical composition of NGC 6888, G2.4+1.4, RCW 58 and S 308 with the nucleosynthesis predicted by stellar evolution models of massive stars. We find that non-rotational models of stars of initial masses between 25 and 40 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> seem to reproduce the observed abundance ratios of most of the nebulae. | 9 |
a predetermined frequency and adjustable level excitation circuit for a capacitive load having a first terminal connected to a reference voltage . the circuit includes two switches connected in series between a supply voltage and the reference voltage . the junction of the two switches is coupled to the second terminal of the load . the two switches are not simultaneously closed . a circuit periodically controls the closing of the switch connected to the supply voltage . a regulation circuit acts on the control circuit to trigger opening of one of the switches when the voltage across the load reaches a predetermined value . | 7 |
a device for picking up sheets from a magazine in a packaging machine comprises a driving shaft pivotally supporting a plurality of oscillating levers each comprising a cylindrical segment having grippers for picking up the sheets . a plurality of cams are moreover provided for actuating the oscillating levers to cause the cylindrical segments to roll without slippage for a fraction of a turn of the driving shaft to pick up the leading sheet in the magazine . | 8 |
a system , method and computer program for detecting and restricting remotely controlled distributed denial of service software . this detection is based upon characteristic patterns seen in denial of service software . these patterns are monitored for at the generating source of the attack . when detected , the software application attempting a distributed denial of service is blocked from transmitting any packets to a target web server . therefore , this system , method a computer program stops distributed denial of service attacks before a web site can be overwhelmed by such an attack . | 7 |
process for preparing a catalyst composition for ethylene polymerization or copolymerization , with the steps of : treating at least one magnesium alkoxide compound with the effluent waste from a process for production of a polypropylene catalyst of the ziegler - natta type , the effluent waste being mainly composed of about 10 to about 20 wt .-% transition metal based compounds , about 20 to about 50 wt .-% solvents , about 0 to about 2 wt .-% electron donors and impurities ; washing the product of step with an inert hydrocarbon solvent ; and drying the material for use as the catalyst composition . | 2 |
an applicator for weedicide or other agricultural or horticultural treating liquid consists mainly of a swabbing brush having a multiplicity of pliant filaments , preferably of cruciform cross - section , trailing from a supply conduit to which the treating liquid is fed from a tank , the supply conduit which may be tractor - mounted being advanced over an area to be treated , so that the brush filaments with treating liquid running down them , are tailed over the area so that the liquid is applied directly to the area being treated . the swabbing brush , when tractor - mounted , is pivoted to swing back if encountering a tree or other obstacle , to be returned by a spring when the obstacle is passed . | 0 |
this invention is an acoustic device protected by an acoustically transparent low water permeability encapsulant made from an acoustically clear polymer such as polyurethane . high aspect ratio clay nanoparticles are positioned in the substrate in overlapping layers with layers of the substrate interposed . the invention also provides a method for forming an acoustically transparent low permeability encapsulant about an acoustic device . the method includes treating high aspect ration clay nanoparticles to make them organophilic . the treated nanoparticles are then mixed in a polymer resin in such a way as to form an intercalated mixture . a curing agent is added to the mixture , and the mixture is allowed to set . when set the resulting intercalated mixture produces an acoustically clear , low permeability polymer coating . | 8 |
Common envelope events are important interactions between two binary stars that lead to the formation of close binary systems. We present here a systematic three-dimensional study in which we model common envelope events with low-mass giant donors. The results allow us to revise the energy formalism that is usually used to determine common envelope event outcomes. We show that the energy budget for this type of system should include the recombination energy, and that it also must take into account that a significant fraction of the released orbital energy is taken away by the ejecta. We provide three ways in which our results can be used by binary population synthesis studies: a relation that links the observed post-common envelope binary with the initial binary parameters, a fitting formula for the α<SUB>ce</SUB>λ parameter of the standard energy formalism, and a revised energy formalism that takes into account both the recombination energy and the energy that is taken away by the ejecta. | 9 |
a ligament - tensioning device and method for activation of the ligament and / or capsule system in the implantation of a joint implant . the device includes a distal bearing plate for bearing against a distal skeletal part , and also includes first and second proximal bearing plates , each of which partially overlaps the distal bearing plate in a first in - use position , for bearing against a proximal skeletal part . the device further includes means for relative displacement of the proximal bearing plates to increase their spacing from the distal bearing plate . the displacement means includes a scissor - type guide means that supports the respective proximal bearing plate in the ventral - dorsal as well as the medial - lateral parallel position with respect to the distal bearing plate . | 0 |
naturally occurring and / or modified clostridium neurotoxins , including those neurotoxins free of complexing proteins which naturally form complexes with clostridial neurotoxins , are used to enhance healing of injured surface or superficial tissue of a patient by local administration into or in close proximity to the injured tissue . such neurotoxins may be advantageously employed in wound healing and preventing scar formation , and find applicability in the area of ophthalmology , e . g . in treatment of injured corneal tissue , for example by closing inflamed eyes . a further embodiment includes diagnostic usage for the evaluation of effective toxin administration and medicaments for use therein . | 0 |
a method of encapsulating materials to protect circuit components from the stress of thermal cycling includes applying a first substance to cover wire bonds on a first layer , applying a second substance to wire bonds on a second layer , and curing the first and second substances by application of heat or radiation to bond the first and second substances together . it is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure . it is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims . | 7 |
the present invention relates to loose tube optical waveguide fiber cable which is optimized for easy and fast installation as plenum cable , such as in customer premises for ftth applications . one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a loose tube optical waveguide fiber cable which is suitable for fixed in - house cabling at extremely low - cost for a large - scale installation of ftth . | 6 |
a diverter assembly for diverting articles from a first conveyor path between a first conveyor and a second conveyor to a second conveyor path between the first conveyor and a third conveyor positioned beneath the second conveyor , includes a frame and first and second driven conveying surfaces , which are supported by the frame . each of the conveying surfaces is adapted to move between a first position and a second position . the first driven conveying surface is pivoted about an input end when moved between its first and second positions , while the second driven conveying surface is pivoted about an output end when moved between its first and second positions . the first and second driven conveying surfaces are aligned when in their respective first positions and define a first conveyor path for transporting articles from the first conveyor to the second conveyor . when in their respective second positions , the first and second driven conveying surfaces define two separate conveyor paths , with the first driven conveying surface aligning between the first conveyor and the third conveyor to divert articles to the third conveyor , and the second driven conveying surface being generally horizontally aligned with the second conveyor . | 1 |
Minifilaments are widespread small-scale structures in the solar atmosphere. To better understand their formation and eruption mechanisms, we investigate the entire life of a sigmoidal minifilament located below a large quiescent filament observed by BBSO/GST on 2015 August 3. The H{\alpha} structure initially appears as a group of arched threads, then transforms into two J-shaped arcades, and finally forms a sigmoidal shape. SDO/AIA observations in 171Å show that two coronal jets occur around the southern footpoint of the minifilament before the minifilament eruption. The minifilament eruption starts from the southern footpoint, then interacts with the overlying filament and fails. The aforementioned observational changes correspond to three episodes of flux cancellations observed by SDO/HMI. Unlike previous studies, the flux cancellation occurs between the polarity where southern footpoint of the minifilament is rooted in and an external polarity. We construct two magnetic field models before the eruption using the flux rope insertion method, and find an hyperbolic flux tube (HFT) above the flux cancellation site. The observation and modeling results suggest that the eruption is triggered by the external magnetic reconnection between the core field of the minifilament and the external fields due to flux cancellations. This study reveals a new triggering mechanism for minifilament eruptions and a new relationship between minifilament eruptions and coronal jets. | 9 |
Petrographic classifications of sand and sandstone proposed more than half a century ago are still in use, although they were formulated at a time when depositional and post-depositional sedimentary processes were poorly understood, and before the relationships between tectonics and sedimentation could be interpreted in modern plate-tectonic terms. As a consequence, too many scientific articles and technical reports are still encumbered with obsolete concepts, graphical tools, and ambiguous terminology that make sediment descriptions awkward and misleading. A renovation that treasures the legacy of the pioneers is required. <P />The descriptive petrographic classification of sand and sandstone proposed in this paper is based on the quasi-universally used Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting method, and simply translates into words ternary compositions of quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments without introducing any new names. The classic QFL plot is subdivided into 15 fields - labelled by adjectives introduced long ago by K.A.W. Crook and endorsed by W.R. Dickinson and more recently by G.J. Weltje - which reflect relative abundances of the three main framework components (provided they exceed 10%QFL). According to standard use, the less abundant component goes first, the more abundant last (e.g., litho-feldspatho-quartzose composition translates into Q > F > L > 10%QFL). For lithic-rich sand and sandstone, information on the prevailing rock fragment type can be added by an additional free adjective (e.g., metamorphiclastic, carbonaticlastic), as proposed long ago by R.V. Ingersoll. For lithic-poor feldspatho-quartzose and quartzose sand and sandstone, further formal subdivisions are proposed based on the Q/F ratio, thus reaching a total of 18 compositional fields overall. Modern sand known to be derived from different source rocks and found in major world's rivers, deserts, and deep-sea fans fits in the pigeonholes defined by the relative abundance of quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments. <P />The aim of this classification is to restore directness in sandstone petrology, and to avoid ambiguities generated in the past by making reference to badly defined archetypes, such as greywacke or arkose, thus confusing petrographic composition with subjective considerations about plate-tectonic setting, texture, hydraulic behaviour, mechanical durability, or chemical durability in the illusion that a classification could be genetic at the same time as descriptive. | 9 |
methods and structures for the fabrication of perpendicular thin film heads are disclosed . prior to the deposition of shield structures , capped seed layers having a dual layer structure are utilized , improving photo resist adhesion and plated shield adhesion , without the need to deposit , then remove , traditional inorganic anti - reflection coatings prior to shield plating . | 8 |
in a process for operating an air - cooled mains supply unit for industrial application , temperatures influenced by outer heat sources and by heat sources arranged in the mains supply unit are measured by thermo - elements and reported to a control system . temperatures measured by at least two thermo - elements arranged at different measurement points are reported to the control system , and the measured temperatures are compared with temperature patterns . the comparison with known temperature patterns makes it possible to sense the totality of the thermal conditions continuously and to derive therefrom ratings for the control system . | 7 |
a phase modulator for the modulation of the phase of circular polarised light which interacts with the phase modulator . the phase modulator has a first and a second substrate , an electrode arrangement and a liquid crystal layer with liquid crystal molecules . the first substrate is disposed adjacent to the second substrate . the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the two substrates . the first substrate has a first surface , and the second substrate has a second surface . the liquid crystal molecules situated next to the first surface are oriented substantially parallel to the first surface . the liquid crystal molecules situated next to the second surface are oriented substantially perpendicular to the second surface . an in - plane component of the liquid crystal molecule orientation can be set within an angular range of about 180 °, e . g . between − 90 ° and + 90 ° related to a specifiable central orientation . | 6 |
We investigate angular momentum acquisition in Milky Way-sized galaxies by comparing five high resolution zoom-in simulations, each implementing identical cosmological initial conditions but utilizing different hydrodynamic codes: Enzo, Art, Ramses, Arepo, and Gizmo-PSPH. Each code implements a distinct set of feedback and star formation prescriptions. We find that while many galaxy and halo properties vary between the different codes (and feedback prescriptions), there is qualitative agreement on the process of angular momentum acquisition in the galaxy’s halo. In all simulations, cold filamentary gas accretion to the halo results in ∼4 times more specific angular momentum in cold halo gas (λ <SUB>cold</SUB> ≳ 0.1) than in the dark matter halo. At z > 1, this inflow takes the form of inspiraling cold streams that are co-directional in the halo of the galaxy and are fueled, aligned, and kinematically connected to filamentary gas infall along the cosmic web. Due to the qualitative agreement among disparate simulations, we conclude that the buildup of high angular momentum halo gas and the presence of these inspiraling cold streams are robust predictions of Lambda Cold Dark Matter galaxy formation, though the detailed morphology of these streams is significantly less certain. A growing body of observational evidence suggests that this process is borne out in the real universe. | 9 |
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