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We study the dynamical evolution of the TRAPPIST-1 system under the influence of orbital circularization through tidal interaction with the central star. We find that systems with parameters close to the observed one evolve into a state where consecutive planets are linked by first-order resonances and consecutive triples, apart from planets c, d and e, by connected three-body Laplace resonances. The system expands with period ratios increasing and mean eccentricities decreasing with time. This evolution is largely driven by tides acting on the innermost planets, which then influence the outer ones. In order that deviations from commensurability become significant only on Gyr time-scales or longer, we require that the tidal parameter associated with the planets has to be such that Q΄ > ∼10<SUP>2 - 3</SUP>. At the same time, if we start with two subsystems, with the inner three planets comprising the inner one, Q΄ associated with the planets has to be on the order (and not significantly exceeding) 10<SUP>2 - 3</SUP> for the two subsystems to interact and end up in the observed configuration. This scenario is also supported by modelling of the evolution through disc migration which indicates that the whole system cannot have migrated inwards together. Also, in order to avoid large departures from commensurabilities, the system cannot have stalled at a disc inner edge for significant time periods. We discuss the habitability consequences of the tidal dissipation implied by our modelling, concluding that planets d, e and f are potentially in habitable zones. | 9 |
a drain loaded 1t1r resistive memory device and 1t1r resistive memory array are provided . the resistive memory array comprises an array of drain loaded 1t1r resistive memory device structures . word lines are connected across transistor gates , while a resistive elements are connected between transistor gates and bit lines . the resistive element comprises a material with a resistance that is changed electrically , for example using a sequence of electric pulses . the resistive element may comprise pcmo . | 7 |
this invention relates to an improvement in an apparatus for dispensing a ribbon between layers of web material and more particularly , to an automated and remote positioning system of ribbon dispensers which are precisely positioned with respect to the web material by a controlling and monitoring system and are physically easily accessible for maintenance by an operator . the automated and remote positioning system of ribbon dispensers includes locking means interacting with either the apparatus or with a traversing mechanism such as a lead screw to move the ribbon dispensers . | 1 |
analyte ions , particularly biopolymer ions , stored in an rf ion trap are ergodically fragmented by bombarding the analyte ions with collision ions , for example medium - mass , mono - atomic ions having a charge of opposite polarity to the charge of the analyte ions . since the analyte ions are not fragmented by accelerating and / or exciting them to oscillations , as is the case with conventional collision - induced dissociation , the rf voltage of the ion trap can be set low enough that daughter ions with light charge - related masses that are produced by the fragmentation can also remain trapped in the ion trap . | 7 |
an electronic smoking article , a method of manufacturing an electronic smoking article , and a method of achieving a smoking experience without combusting tobacco are disclosed . the electronic smoking article includes an authenticated first section , which includes an aerosol generation unit having at least one heater ; an authenticated second section , which includes a power supply operable to apply voltage to the at least one heater for heating a liquid in at least a portion of the aerosol generation unit to form an aerosol ; and a conductive ink circuit embedded within the first and second sections , and wherein the power supply and the aerosol generation unit are electrically connected upon joining the first and second sections , and wherein each of the first and second sections has a portion of the conductive ink circuit . | 2 |
the present invention concerns a new use of certain pyrrolo - pyrrole compounds of chemical formulas , , , and : ## str1 ## for the treatment of microvascular complications associated with diabetes such as , for example , diabetic retinopathy , diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy . pyrrolo - pyrrole compounds prevent development , restrain further progress and relieve symptoms of already developed microvascular complications of diabetes . | 0 |
disposable transparent covers for a computer keyboard that are adapted to be left on the keyboard for short periods of time so as to protect against diseases when the keyboard is being manipulated by laboratory and / or dental technicians and to protect against accumulations of dust and dirt that might incapacitate a computer . preferably , the covers come in a package and are replaced after each patient . the covers may be detachably secured to the keyboard or generally envelopes same . | 7 |
a line - side circuit interrupter protection system monitors the current flowing in a circuit in order to determine whether any current is flowing outside of the circuit upstream of the point at which a power supply is connected to a plurality of circuits . the system is located between the power supply and the main circuit panel , which is advantageous in certain applications in which an auxiliary power supply is used when a utility power supply is unavailable . in the event that the system detects current flowing outside of the circuit , the circuit will be broken to eliminate any potentially unsafe conditions . | 7 |
a multi - height energy - directing device , for facilitating staged welding together of workpieces . the device includes multiple elements extending from a body , wherein the elements do not all have a same height . each element of a first group of the elements has a first height while each element of a second group of the elements has a second height differing from the first height . the elements are configured to channel welding energy through the device in a pre - determined manner . the predetermine manner includes channeling the energy through taller , primary , elements , of said elements , in an initial stage of the welding process , while passing none through shorter , secondary , elements , of said elements , in the initial stage . | 1 |
Secondary halo bias, commonly known as `assembly bias', is the dependence of halo clustering on a halo property other than mass. This prediction of the Λ Cold Dark Matter cosmology is essential to modelling the galaxy distribution to high precision and interpreting clustering measurements. As the name suggests, different manifestations of secondary halo bias have been thought to originate from halo assembly histories. We show conclusively that this is incorrect for cluster-size haloes. We present an up-to-date summary of secondary halo biases of high-mass haloes due to various halo properties including concentration, spin, several proxies of assembly history, and subhalo properties. While concentration, spin, and the abundance and radial distribution of subhaloes exhibit significant secondary biases, properties that directly quantify halo assembly history do not. In fact, the entire assembly histories of haloes in pairs are nearly identical to those of isolated haloes. In general, a global correlation between two halo properties does not predict whether or not these two properties exhibit similar secondary biases. For example, assembly history and concentration (or subhalo abundance) are correlated for both paired and isolated haloes, but follow slightly different conditional distributions in these two cases. This results in a secondary halo bias due to concentration (or subhalo abundance), despite the lack of assembly bias in the strict sense for cluster-size haloes. Due to this complexity, caution must be exercised in using any one halo property as a proxy to study the secondary bias due to another property. | 9 |
a protective aqueous antimicrobial film forming composition that can be applied to dairy animals to form a protective film . the film can be used to reduce the incidence of both contagious and environmental mastitis in dairy herds and can be formed from an aqueous composition that can contain a nonionic iodine complex , a polyvinyl alcohol composition , having a degree of hydrolysis greater than 92 %, preferably greater than 98 %, and a thickener . the aqueous mixture can be applied to udder and teats of dairy herds to form a protective coating that can prevent infection from staphlococcus , streptococcus , klebsiella and other pathogens . the film can be removed using water in a convenient short period of time permitting efficient milking operations . after milking , the composition can be reapplied to the herd and can protect the herd from mastitis until the herd is again milked . the material of the invention has the property that after application and drying both films and plugs of the protective coating is softened and removed even in cold water in a convenient time frame . | 0 |
Context. The cyanide radical CN is abundant in protoplanetary disks, with line fluxes often comparable to those of <SUP>13</SUP>CO. It is known to be sensitive to UV irradiation of the upper disk atmosphere, with models predicting ring-shaped emission. <BR /> Aims: We seek to characterize the CN emission from 94 Class-II disks in the Lupus star-forming region, compare it to observations in other regions, and interpret our observations with a grid of models. The CN emission morphology is discussed for two primordial disks, Sz 71 and Sz 98, and is modeled in more detail. <BR /> Methods: ALMA observed CN N = 3-2 in Lupus disks down to sensitivities better than previous surveys. Models constructed with the physico-chemical code DALI are used to study the integrated fluxes of the disks and resolved emission of CN in disks without (dust) substructures. <BR /> Results: CN N = 3-2 is bright, and detected in 38% of sources, but its disk-integrated flux is not strongly correlated to either <SUP>13</SUP>CO or continuum flux. Compared to pre-ALMA single-dish surveys, no significant difference in the CN flux distributions in Lupus and Taurus-Auriga is found, although ρ Ophiuchus disks may be fainter on average. We find ring-shaped CN emission with peak radii of 50 AU in two resolved disks. <BR /> Conclusions: A large fraction of sources are faint in CN; only exponential gas surface density cutoffs at R<SUB>c</SUB> ≤ 15 AU can reconcile observations with models. This is the first observational evidence of such a compact gas disk population in Lupus. Absolute intensities and the emission morphology of CN are reproduced by DALI models without the need for any continuum substructure; they are unrelated to the CO snowline location. The observations presented here, together with the modeling of these rings, provide a new probe of the structure and conditions in disks, and particularly their incident UV radiation field, if disk size is determined from the data. | 9 |
a releasable bolt lock for two position safety firearms which can be actuated separate from the safety lever and which allows the unloading of the rifle with the safety in the &# 34 ; safe &# 34 ; or &# 34 ; on &# 34 ; position . | 5 |
Motivated by observations of outflowing galaxies, we investigate the combined impact of magnetic fields and radiative cooling on the evolution of cold clouds embedded in a hot wind. We perform a collection of three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement, magnetohydrodynamical simulations that span two resolutions, and include fields that are aligned and transverse to the oncoming, super-Alfvénic material. Aligned fields have little impact on the overall lifetime of the clouds over the non-magnetized case, although they do increase the mixing between the wind and cloud material by a factor of ≈3. Transverse fields lead to magnetic draping, which isolates the clouds, but they also squeeze material in the direction perpendicular to the field lines, which leads to rapid mass loss. A resolution study suggests that the magnetized simulations have somewhat better convergence properties than non-magnetized simulations, and that a resolution of 64 zones per cloud radius is sufficient to accurately describe these interactions. We conclude that the combined effects of radiative cooling and magnetic fields are dependent on field orientation, but are unlikely to enhance cloud lifetimes beyond the effect of radiative cooling alone. | 9 |
the present invention relates to functionalized silicon and / or germanium surfaces , methods for the preparation of such tailor - made functionalized silicon and / or germanium surfaces , the use of such tailor - made functionalized silicon and / or germanium surfaces for the preparation of surface - bonded organic materials and the use in industrial devices . the silicon and / or germanium surfaces comprise silicon nitride , silicon carbide , germanium nitride , germanium carbide and silicon germanium surfaces . | 8 |
a musical instrument location transmitting device and system includes a musical instrument having a location transmitting device and an electric power source permanently secured in the musical instrument in a position that requires removal of a musical component of the musical instrument in order to remove the location transmitting device . the location transmitting device includes a location sensing unit and a wireless transmitter that outputs a location of the musical instrument . a system wirelessly monitors a location of the musical instruments . a method of making a musical instrument includes coupling a location transmitting device inside a musical instrument and closing the musical instrument to permanently install the location transmitting device . | 6 |
according to an aspect of the invention , a centrifuge includes : a rotor for separating samples ; a motor for driving and rotating the rotor ; a drive shaft for connecting together the motor and the rotor ; a rotation sensor for detecting at least one of the rotation speed of the motor and the rotor ; and a displacement sensor for detecting the swinging motion of the rotor or the drive shaft , wherein , after one of speed of the motor and the rotor is accelerated up to previously set rotation speed , when the swinging amount of the rotor or the drive shaft is equal to or more than preset allowable value , the supply of power to the motor is stopped to decelerate the motor , wherein , during the deceleration , signal from the displacement sensor is compared with the preset allowable value , and wherein when the signal from the displacement sensor becomes equal to or less than the preset allowable value , the motor is accelerated . | 6 |
the present invention relates to an improved sequencing disk means for fluid handling in a sequencing valve having a plurality of outlets . sequencing valves deliver fluid from the inlet sequentially out through one or more fluid outlets in a predetermined sequencing cycle . the sequencing disk means reciprocates and rotates to sequentially deliver fluid under both high or low fluid flow rates from an inlet to a plurality of discharge outlets . the improved sequencing disk means includes a main sealing means , a stem connected to the main sealing means , and a generally cup - shaped check valve means with a relatively small opening in the bottom of the cup - shaped portion . the stem and check valve means includes connecting means that cooperate to fix the stem relative to the main sealing means or sequencing disk . | 8 |
a software system which employs a special set of simulated electrical circuits to generate user - specific textured and signature color images based on alphanumeric strings provided by the user . the output of the system is a unique set of textured and solid color images which can be used as validation and verification components in creating secure identification documents , financial documents and credit / debit cards . | 6 |
lipases are immobilized by entrapment in silicon - containing matrices obtained by hydrolysis of alkoxy - silicon compounds in the presence of a catalyst and additives such as proteins , polyhydroxy compounds , insoluble organic polymers and / or insoluble inorganic compounds . the entrapped lipase may be used for treatment of digestive insufficiency in a patient caused by pancreatic disease or cystic fibrosis . | 2 |
the invention provides an electronic device including a housing having a plurality of sidewalls defining a generally rectangular cavity within the housing to support therein a predetermined number of generally cylindrical batteries . one of the sidewalls defines an aperture extending through the sidewall and opening into the cavity . a support member is mounted in the housing and includes a support portion extending into the cavity to support inserted batteries in a position transverse to at least one of the sidewalls until all of the predetermined number of batteries are inserted into the cavity . | 7 |
an apparatus for supporting and facilitating accurate positioning , both linearly and angularly of a medical device such as an ultrasound probe , a medical instrument or an imaging device . the apparatus is capable of both gross and precise multi - directional movements with the medical device attached , while remaining connected to stationary objects such as a portable floor stand and / or operating table . after gross manual placement and approximate positioning , the fine tune mechanism of the attached medical device is locked in positioned and secured to two fixed points . exact positioning is then achieved by the precision movements which are available in all three linear directions and rotational axes . by this arrangement which allows preattachment of the medical device or instrument to the apparatus prior to positioning in the patient , quicker , more accurate and more reproducible medical device positioning and placement are achieved . in one preferred embodiment , the apparatus provides for multi - directional adjustment including a plurality of translational adjustments and one rotational adjustment . | 0 |
Cosmic rays (CRs) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM) of nearby galaxies, but many of their properties are not well-constrained. Gamma-ray observations provide a powerful tool in this respect, allowing us to constrain both the interaction of CR protons with the ISM and their transport properties. To help better understand the link between observational signatures and CR physics, we use a series of magneto-hydrodynamical AREPO simulations of isolated galaxies performed using spectrally resolved CR transport in every computational cell, with subsequent gamma-ray emission calculated using the CRAYON + (Cosmic RAY emissiON) code. In each of our simulated haloes, modelling the energy-dependent spatial diffusion of CRs leads to a more extended distribution of high-energy (~100 GeV) gamma rays compared to that predicted by a 'grey' steady-state model, which is especially visible in the corresponding emission maps and radial profiles. Despite this, the total gamma-ray spectra can often be well approximated by the steady-state model, although recovering the same spectral index typically requires a minor variation of the energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient. Our simulations reproduce the observed shapes of the gamma-ray spectra of nearby star-forming galaxies and also match recent observations of the far infrared-gamma-ray relation. We find, however, that the spectrally resolved model yields marginally smaller luminosities for lower star formation rates compared to grey simulations of CRs. Our work highlights the importance of modelling spectrally resolved CR transport for an accurate prediction of spatially resolved high-energy gamma-ray emission, as will be probed by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array observatory. | 9 |
We aim to improve upon contemporary methods to estimate host-galaxy reddening of stripped-envelope (SE) supernovae (SNe). To this end the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I) SE SN photometry data release, consisting of nearly three dozen objects, is used to identify a minimally reddened sub-sample for each traditionally defined spectroscopic sub-type (i.e., SNe IIb, SNe Ib, SNe Ic). Inspection of the optical and near-infrared (NIR) colors and color evolution of the minimally reddened sub-samples reveals a high degree of homogeneity, particularly between 0 d to +20 d relative to B-band maximum. This motivated the construction of intrinsic color-curve templates, which when compared to the colors of reddened SE SNe, yields an entire suite of optical and NIR color excess measurements. Comparison of optical/optical vs. optical/NIR color excess measurements indicates the majority of the CSP-I SE SNe suffer relatively low amounts of reddening (i.e., E(B-V)<SUB>host</SUB>< 0.20 mag) and we find evidence for different R<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP> values among different SE SN. Fitting the color excess measurements of the seven most reddened (i.e., E(B-V)<SUB>host</SUB>> 0.20 mag) objects with the Fitzpatrick (1999, PASP, 111, 63) reddening law model provides robust estimates of the host visual-extinction A<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP> and R<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP>. In the case of the SE SNe with relatively low amounts of reddening, a preferred value of R<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP> is adopted for each sub-type, resulting in estimates of A<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP> through Fitzpatrick (1999) reddening law model fits to the observed color excess measurements. Our analysis suggests SE SNe reside in galaxies characterized by a range of dust properties. We also find evidence that SNe Ic are more likely to occur in regions characterized by larger R<SUB>V</SUB><SUP>host</SUP> values compared to SNe IIb/Ib and they also tend to suffer more extinction. The later finding is consistent with work in the literature suggesting SNe Ic tend to occur in regions of on-going star formation. <P />Based on observations collected at Las Campanas Observatory. | 9 |
We study the onset of the reheating epoch at the end of axion-driven inflation where the axion is coupled to an Abelian, U(1), gauge field via a Chern-Simons interaction term. We focus primarily on m<SUP>2ϕ</SUP><SUP>2</SUP> inflation and explore the possibility that preheating can occur for a range of coupling values consistent with recent observations and bounds on the overproduction of primordial black holes. We find that for a wide range of parameters preheating is efficient. In certain cases the inflaton transfers all of its energy to the gauge fields within a few oscillations. In most cases, we find that the gauge fields on sub-horizon scales end preheating in an unpolarized state due to the existence of strong rescattering between the inflaton and gauge-field modes. We also present a preliminary study of an axion monodromy model coupled to U(1) gauge fields, seeing a similarly efficient preheating behavior as well as indications that the coupling strength has an effect on the creation of oscillons. | 9 |
a method for mitigating initiation or propagation of a crack in a surface of a metal component in a boiling water reactor . the method includes the step of injecting a solution or suspension of a ph - adjusting compound into the bulk water of the reactor . the compound has the property of changing the ph of high - temperature water inside the crack from a value outside a predetermined ph range to a value within the predetermined ph range without causing any significant change of the bulk water ph . the growth rate of the crack when the crack ph is outside the predetermined ph range is greater than the growth rate of the crack when the crack ph is within the predetermined ph range . | 6 |
We point out two ways to search for low-mass axion dark matter using cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization measurements. These appear, in particular, to be some of the most promising ways to directly detect fuzzy dark matter. Axion dark matter causes rotation of the polarization of light passing through it. This gives rise to two novel phenomena in the CMB. First, the late-time oscillations of the axion field today cause the CMB polarization to oscillate in phase across the entire sky. Second, the early-time oscillations of the axion field wash out the polarization produced at last scattering, reducing the polarized fraction (TE and EE power spectra) compared to the standard prediction. Since the axion field is oscillating, the common (static) "cosmic birefringence" search is not appropriate for axion dark matter. These two phenomena can be used to search for axion dark matter at the lighter end of the mass range, with a reach several orders of magnitude beyond current constraints. We set a limit from the washout effect using existing Planck results, and find significant future discovery potential for CMB detectors searching in particular for the oscillating effect. | 9 |
disclosed herein is a device that includes : a plurality of delay circuits each including an input node , an output node , a first power node and a second power node , and a control circuit . the delay circuits are coupled in series with the input node of a leading delay circuit receiving a first clock signal and the output node of a last delay circuit producing a second clock signal . the control circuit coupled to receive the first and second clock signals to control an operating voltage supplied between the first and second power lines . the first power nodes of the delay circuits are connected in common to the first power line , and the second power nodes the delay circuits are connected in common to the second power line . | 7 |
an x - ray sedimentation particle size analyzer in which data is taken only at particular positions along the sedimentation cell , and each such position is individually calibrated . presentation of the data in the form of a particle size distribution curve can be accomplished very accurately using interpolation techniques . the sedimentation cell design is free of the effects of undesirable density gradients , capable of detecting and removing bubbles , capable of attaining a highly uniform dispersion of sample prior to sedimentation , and including a safety interlock device for blocking x - ray projection when the cell is being accessed . | 6 |
a system rapidly and accurately assesses the lachrymal fluid content in a person &# 39 ; s eye which minimizes patient discomfort . the preferred system includes a fluid sampling device and an assessment device . the preferred sampling device includes a lachrymal fluid absorbent sample pad and a non - absorbent handle . the preferred assessment device includes a receiver for receiving a lachrymal fluid sample pad and includes a control circuit coupled with the receiver for determining the electrical capacitance of the pad which capacitance varies in accordance with variations in lachrymal fluid content , and for producing an output correlated with the lachrymal fluid quantity in the pad . | 0 |
a drip pan apparatus for a “ m ” model black hawk ® helicopter and the like includes an expanded corner structure for accommodating an access port also positioned further outwardly in the corner than in prior drip pan apparatuses , facilitating filter viewing while retaining peripheral o - ring seal . an expanded corner of the airframe skirt is accommodated by the expanded corresponding corner of a frame , which also defines a small radius internal curve . the removable pan has a small radius curve cooperating with the small radius curve of the frame and is sealed thereto by the peripheral o - ring seal sealing the entire pan to the frame . physical access to the filter is enhanced . | 8 |
an objective comprising axial symmetry , at least one curved mirror and at least one lens and two intermediate images . the objective includes two refractive partial objectives and one catadioptric partial objective . the objective includes a first partial objective , a first intermediate a image , a second partial objective , a second intermediate image , and a third partial objective . at least one of the partial objectives is purely refractive . one of the partial objectives is purely refractive and one is purely catoptric . | 6 |
a multi - card chip . a method for configuring the multi - chip card according to an embodiment includes : selecting a sub - card comprising an integrated circuit chip from a plurality of sub - cards on the multi - chip card ; and displacing the selected sub - card from an inactive position on the multi - chip card to an active position on the multi - chip card . | 6 |
a method of improving the structural integrity of polymer electrolytes of electrochemical cell by employing lithiated zeolites , and optionally , inorganic fillers selected from sio 2 , al 2 o 3 , tio 2 and zro is provided . | 7 |
an apparatus for arraying parts on respective trays therefor comprises a tray - stocking device for receiving empty trays from a conveyor and maintaining a stock of the empty trays from which the latter are individually lifted by a first elevator to a conveying line extending above the tray - stocking device past a tray - accommodating station , a parts supplying mechanism disposed adjacent such station for selectively supplying parts to an empty tray disposed thereat , a vibrator for shaking the tray disposed at the tray - accommodating station and thereby arraying the parts supplied to the tray , whereupon the tray with parts arrayed thereon is withdrawn from the station along the conveying line , and a second elevator for removing the individual trays with parts arrayed thereon from the conveying line and for returning the removed trays with parts arrayed thereon to the first - mentioned conveyor . | 1 |
semiconductor structures such as the trench and planar mosfets , trench and planar igbts and trench mcts using trenches to establish a conductor . improved control of the parasitic transistor in the trench mosfet is also achieved and cell size and pitch is reduced relative to conventional structures . | 7 |
a method and a device determine tribological measured values of samples with a rheometer . wherein the measuring parts of the rheometer are replaced by samples and the surfaces of the samples are moved into frictional contact relative to each other . accordingly , it is provided that all parts of the rheometer holding the samples in frictional connection and frictional contact or forming the rheometer power circuit , including the spring unit pressing the samples against each other , are regarded as an oscillatory circuit . the oscillation properties of the spring unit are regarded as relevant to the oscillation properties of the oscillatory circuit , and that the oscillation properties of the spring unit are adjusted taking into consideration the resonance oscillations or effects produced by changing , different measurement conditions expected with the respective measurement . | 6 |
the present invention concerns novel amidines derivatives of 2 - heteroaryl - quinazoline and quinolines of general formula , to a process for their preparation , to their pharmaceutical compositions and to the use of these compounds , salts and solvates thereof , along with the corresponding pharmaceutical compositions , for the treatment of pain and inflammatory disorders . compounds of this invention are extremely potent analgesics , suitable for the treatment of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain . particularly for the treatment of neuropathic pain the compounds of the invention have been proved largely superior to the standards currently in the clinical use . these compounds are not acting through inhibition of cox or nos enzymes but are effective in inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production induced by inflammatory stimuli . | 2 |
in optical signal transmission , an input optical signal is received that has double side band spectral characteristics . the input optical signal is optically filtered to produce an output optical signal having single side band spectral characteristics . the output optical signal is caused to include a soliton pulse . in optical signal transmission , a modulated rz optical signal is formed from an input optical signal . the modulated rz optical signal has single side band spectral characteristics . a data modulated optical signal is formed from the modulated rz optical signal . the data modulated optical signal includes a soliton optical signal that has ssb spectral characteristics and that includes a soliton pulse . the peak power and the mid - amplitude width of the soliton pulse are linked by a relationship that depends on the characteristics of an optical medium in which the soliton pulse travels . | 6 |
an energy harvesting shock absorber includes first and second body portions , where the second body portion defines a fluid chamber . a piston located in the fluid chamber divides the fluid chamber into first and second regions . a rod mechanically couples the piston to the first body portion . a coil surrounds at least a portion of the fluid chamber . a ferromagnetic fluid is in the fluid chamber for moving to induce a change in magnetic flux in the coil , to lubricate an inner surface of the fluid chamber , and to damp relative motion between the first and second body portions . | 1 |
We investigate a sample of six Herbig Ae/Be stars belonging to the Orion OB1 association, as well as 73 low-mass objects, members of the σ Orionis cluster, in order to explore the angular momentum evolution at early stages of evolution, and its possible connection with main-sequence Ap/Bp magnetic stars. Using FIES and HECTOCHELLE spectra, we obtain projected rotational velocities through two independent methods. Individual masses, radii, and ages are computed using evolutionary models, distance, and cluster extinction. Under the assumption that similar physical processes operate in both T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars, we construct snapshots of the protostar's rotation against mass during the first 10 Myr with the aid of a rotational model that includes a variable disk lifetime, changes in the stellar moment of inertia, a dipolar magnetic field with variable strength, and angular momentum loss through stellar winds powered by accretion. We use these snapshots, as well as the rotational data, to infer a plausible scenario for the angular momentum evolution. We find that magnetic field strengths of a few kilo-Gauss at 3 Myr are required to match the rotational velocities of both groups of stars. Models with masses between 2 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and 3 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> display larger angular momentum values by a factor of ~3, in comparison to stars of similar spectral types on the main sequence. Even though some quantitative estimates on this dramatic decrease with age for Ap/Bp magnetic main-sequence stars are presented, the results obtained for the angular momentum evolution do not explain their low rotation rates. | 9 |
an improved process for preparing a single component toner or developer composition is disclosed whereby toner fines are removed from the composition prior to the addition of conductive carbon followed by a reclassification step to remove excess carbon particles , i . e ., those carbon particles not attached to the toner . | 8 |
We present Hubble Space Telescope imaging confirming the optical disappearance of the failed supernova (SN) candidate identified by Gerke, Kochanek & Stanek. This ∼25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> red supergiant experienced a weak ∼10<SUP>6</SUP> L<SUB>⊙</SUB> optical outburst in 2009 and is now at least 5 mag fainter than the progenitor in the optical. The mid-IR flux has slowly decreased to the lowest levels since the first measurements in 2004. There is faint (2000-3000 L<SUB>⊙</SUB>) near-IR emission likely associated with the source. We find the late-time evolution of the source to be inconsistent with obscuration from an ejected, dusty shell. Models of the spectral energy distribution indicate that the remaining bolometric luminosity is >6 times fainter than that of the progenitor and is decreasing as ∼t<SUP>-4/3</SUP>. We conclude that the transient is unlikely to be an SN impostor or stellar merger. The event is consistent with the ejection of the envelope of a red supergiant in a failed SN and the late-time emission could be powered by fallback accretion on to a newly formed black hole. Future IR and X-ray observations are needed to confirm this interpretation of the fate for the star. | 9 |
a unipolar ignition of the invention provides a current waveform at the ignitor plug which initially rises relatively slowly , followed by a transition to a fast rising current which quickly peaks and thereafter slowly dissipates . such a current waveform provides an initially hotter and longer lasting spark which does not harm the ignitor plug of the system or shorten its life expectancy . neither does the spark create stress on the solid state circuitry which delivers the energy to the ignitor plug . to provide the foregoing spark and current characteristics , an inductor having a saturable core is in series with the ignitor plug , and it provides an initially high inductance which limits the rate of current rise at the plug as energy is transferred from an energy storage device to the plug . as the current through the inductor increases , its core begins to saturate and the effective inductance begins to decrease , allowing the current to rise more quickly . as energy is transferred to the ignitor plug , the increasing saturation , decreasing inductance and increasing current complement one another , causing the rate of current rise to increase quickly to a high value desirable for ignition . related features of the invention provide for easy diagnostics of the spark and for timing an ignition sequence and providing a repetition rate which aids in a successful ignition . | 5 |
Context. The abundance of α-elements relative to iron ([α/Fe]) is an important fossil signature in Galactic archaeology for tracing the chemical evolution of disc stellar populations. High-precision chemical abundances, together with accurate stellar ages, distances, and dynamical data, are crucial to infer the Milky Way formation history. <BR /> Aims: The aim of this paper is to analyse the chemodynamical properties of the Galactic disc using precise magnesium abundance estimates for solar neighbourhood stars with accurate Gaia astrometric measurements. <BR /> Methods: We estimated ages and dynamical properties for 366 main sequence turn-off stars from the AMBRE Project using PARSEC isochrones together with astrometric and photometric values from Gaia DR2. We use precise global metallicities [M/H] and [Mg/Fe] abundances from a previous study in order to estimate gradients and temporal chemodynamic relations for these stars. <BR /> Results: We find a radial gradient of −0.099 ± 0.031 dex kpc<SUP>−1</SUP> for [M/H] and +0.023 ± 0.009 dex kpc<SUP>−1</SUP> for the [Mg/Fe] abundance. The steeper [Mg/Fe] gradient than that found in the literature is a result of the improvement of the AMBRE [Mg/Fe] estimates in the metal-rich regime. In addition, we find a significant spread of stellar age at any given [Mg/Fe] value, and observe a clear correlated dispersion of the [Mg/Fe] abundance with metallicity at a given age. While for [M/H] ≤ − 0.2, a clear age-[Mg/Fe] trend is observed, more metal-rich stars display ages from 3 up to 12 Gyr, describing an almost flat trend in the [Mg/Fe]-age relation. Moreover, we report the presence of radially migrated and/or churned stars for a wide range of stellar ages, although we note the large uncertainties of the amplitude of the inferred change in orbital guiding radii. Finally, we observe the appearance of a second chemical sequence in the outer disc, 10-12 Gyr ago, populating the metal-poor, low-[Mg/Fe] tail. These stars are more metal-poor than the coexisting stellar population in the inner parts of the disc, and show lower [Mg/Fe] abundances than prior disc stars of the same metallicity, leading to a chemical discontinuity. Our data favour the rapid formation of an early disc that settled in the inner regions, followed by the accretion of external metal-poor gas -probably related to a major accretion event such as the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage one- that may have triggered the formation of the thin disc population and steepened the abundance gradient in the early disc. | 9 |
a gliding mechanism for a gliding recliner seating assembly comprises a floor - standing base having a longitudinal cross member parallel to a width of the seating assembly . two front connecting links and two back connecting links respectively connect , pivotally , front and back portions of the seating assembly to the floor - standing base . the longitudinal cross member supports a weight transferred by the seating assembly to the floor - standing base and is positioned closer to the back portion of the seating assembly than to the front portion of the seating assembly . the gliding mechanism can be made part of a gliding recliner chair , for example an armchair , having vertical side frames pivotally connected to the floor - standing base . a footrest can be added to the seating assembly and be operated in extended position without preventing gliding movement of the chair . the floor - standing base may comprise a pivoting portion allowing rotation of the chair . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for re - refining used oil , in which the used oil is processed in at least one cyclonic vacuum evaporator comprising a void evaporation chamber into which feedstock is tangentially injected , and in which a fraction of the feedstock is condensed in a spray condenser communicating with the evaporation chamber . | 1 |
in communication system , a packet data terminal , personal digital assistant , telephone , mobile radiotelephone , network access device , internet peripheral , and the like ) initiates , coordinates , and controls the provision of on - demand conference call and call waiting services as a function of user inputs without the need for coordination of network resources that dominate conference call service as currently known and practiced . the packet data terminal permits users to establish call conference services for originating and terminating calls , alike . in addition , multi - party call waiting services are established . | 7 |
a process for selective deposition of a refractory metal such as tungsten at high temperatures and low pressure via chemical vapor deposition during semiconductor device manufacturing is provided . a dielectric layer is nitrided by chemical deposition of a nitrogen bearing gas prior to lpcvd deposition of tungsten for purposes such as contact metallization of current conducting electrodes and current controlling electrodes of transistors . since nitridation of the dielectric is a surface chemical reaction and not an addition of material to the dielectric , no additional complexity is introduced into the lpcvd process . the refractory metal does not substantially deposit on the nitrided dielectric thereby providing selective metal deposition . | 8 |
there is disclosed an electronic printing apparatus with a printing mechanism utilizing a type - font element integrally provided with plural printing types for printing characters and numerals , in which a detector identifies the kind of the typefont element , and a display unit indicates the printing style of the typefont element in response to the output signals of the detector . | 1 |
a marionette toy kit is provided where the container forms a portion of a performing stage that is easily assembled by the player and where the marionette is supported by a near - invisible tether . the kit may be further configured to integrate consumer electronics that permit the player to incorporate programmed special effects or electronic media into their play in an interactive fashion , and / or to integrate personalized items with at least one component of the toy kit . | 0 |
the present invention provides a method of preventing harmful variability and oscillation in weight based , dynamic load balancing environments . more specifically , the present invention relates to methods to effectively determine the magnitude of weight changes in dynamic load balancing environments based on the workload magnitude and server farm capacity . this method depends on the development of new multi - system characteristics such as a relative workload metric to characterize the workload of the system relative to the collective capacity of all of the systems to handle the workload . | 6 |
stations in standby mode periodically wake up to check for buffered data at the access points . traditionally , the information is available by checking the periodic beacon frame for a traffic indication map . unfortunately , the length of beacons has steadily increased with the progression of the various wireless standards requiring stations to wake up for longer periods to merely check for buffered data . several approaches are disclosed which address this shortcoming , including the broadcast of tim frames , the partial reception of beacon frames and the use of an embedded tim frame within a beacon frame . | 8 |
a catalytic cracking catalyst comprising zeolite , kaolin , alumina and / or silica , antimony and 100 - 5 , 000 wt . ppm ni is disclosed . the ni - antimony interact in the environment of a fluidized catalytic cracking reactor to increase the magnetic susceptibility of the catalyst , permitting removal of nickel contaminated catalyst by magnetic separation . | 8 |
We present the third catalog release of the wide-area (31.3 deg$^2$) Stripe 82 X-ray survey. This catalog combines previously published X-ray source properties with multiwavelength counterparts and photometric redshifts, presents 343 new spectroscopic redshifts, and provides black hole masses for 1396 Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). With spectroscopic redshifts for 3457 out of 6181 Stripe 82X sources, the survey has a spectroscopic completeness of 56%. This completeness rises to 90% when considering the contiguous portions of the Stripe 82X survey with homogeneous X-ray coverage at an optical magnitude limit of $r<22$. Within that portion of the survey, 23% of AGN can be considered obscured by being either a Type 2 AGN, reddened ($R-K > 4$, Vega), or X-ray obscured with a column density $N_{\rm H} > 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$. Unlike other surveys, there is only a 18% overlap between Type 2 and X-ray obscured AGN. We calculated black hole masses for Type 1 AGN that have SDSS spectra using virial mass estimators calibrated on the H$\beta$, MgII, H$\alpha$, and CIV emission lines. We find systematic differences in these black hole mass estimates, indicating that statiscal analyses should use black hole masses calculated from the same formula to minimize systematic bias. We find that the highest luminosity AGN are accreting at the highest Eddington ratios, consistent with the picture that most mass accretion happens in the phase when the AGN is luminous ($L_{\rm 2-10 keV} > 10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$). | 9 |
a process to improve the processability of a bio - oil is provided . the disclosed process involves removing at least a portion of the carboxylic acids originally present in a bio - oil using a weak base anion exchange resin . upon removing at least a portion of these carboxylic acids , the treated bio - oil contains a lower tan value and is better suited for processing in existing refinery equipment . | 2 |
an excavation tooth point longitudinally extending along an axis and having a pocket area extending inwardly through a rear end thereof is telescoped onto a nose portion of an adapter structure by inserting the nose portion into the tooth point pocket area . the inserted nose portion has a tapered side opening therein that is positioned between a corresponding pair of similarly tapered tooth side wall openings . the tooth point is removably coupled to the adapter nose using an elongated , wedge shaped connector member which is inserted , small end first , through the generally aligned tooth and adapter openings . an internal passage longitudinally extends through the large connector member end and receives an inner portion of a force exerting member which compresses a spring within the passage , the spring in turn resiliently biasing an outer portion of the force exerting member into abutment with an interior surface portion of the tooth . the compressed spring , via the force exerting member , maintains the tooth point in an axially tightened orientation on the adapter nose , and automatically tightens the tooth further onto the adapter nose in response to tooth / adapter interface wear that would otherwise cause undesirable &# 34 ; play &# 34 ; between the tooth point and the adapter nose portion . the connector may be removed by simply rotating the force exerting member to move its outer portion out of abutment with its opposing interior surface portion of the tooth . | 4 |
a method for producing tissue plasminogen activator in eukaryotic host cells is disclosed . enhanced levels of t - pa production are obtained by co - amplification of the t - pa gene through treatment of cultures transformed with mutant or wild type dhfr with methotrexate . | 2 |
a background rejection circuit uses the harmonic content of an angularly narrow target to produce a signal . the signal is used to modulate an externally derived audio signal to produce a target indication signal free of background noise . | 6 |
a non - transitory computer readable medium stores a program causing a computer to execute a process for content management . in the process , an instruction to reset or update distribution setting information of document information or an instruction to delete the document information is received by causing an image forming apparatus to read again a setting sheet after the document information and the distribution setting information of the document information are received . the setting sheet is a sheet on which the distribution setting information is described . when the instruction to reset or update the distribution setting information is received , the document information and the reset or updated distribution setting information are distributed to a signage controller for displaying the document information . | 7 |
a communications device for communicating by selecting a predetermined antenna from a plurality of antennae has a first and a second switch , each switch comprising one moving contact and two fixed contacts . the moving contact of the first switch is connected to a first antenna , the first fixed contact of the first switch is connected to a transmitter circuit , the second fixed contact of the first switch is connected to the first fixed contact of the second switch , the moving contact of the second switch is connected to a receiver circuit , and the second fixed contact of the second switch is connected to a second antenna . by switching as appropriate between antennae the attenuation of transmission and reception signals caused by the switches can be reduced . | 7 |
describes is a memory system that utilizes motherboard traces in a way that permits maximum utilization of system data lines while accommodating varying numbers of memory modules . it is possible in a system such as this to utilize all individual sets of point - to - point signaling lines , even when less than all of the available memory sockets are occupied . memory modules with configurable data widths support a relatively wide mode in which one module utilizes all available system data lines , or a relatively narrow mode in which multiple , narrower modules split the available system data lines between them . | 8 |
exhaust gas analyzers are disclosed for analyzing the exhaust gases from a combustion process including a sensor unit mounted for direct contact with the exhaust gases in which the sensor unit includes a number of sensors such as lambda sensors , no x sensors , oxygen sensors , and residual heat sensors , mounted on a common substrate for detecting specific gases and temperatures in the exhaust gases and generating signals based thereon , the substrate being an oxygen - ion - conductive ceramic material and the sensors elements including conductive patterns applied to the common substrate , and a common analyzer connected to the sensor units for analyzing the signals generated by the sensor elements . | 6 |
an electrical household appliance includes an appliance body having a body interior , into which a shelf for storing objects is inserted , and an illumination device having a light source , and a light - directing structure which couples one portion of the light generated by the light source into a narrow side of the shelf , and directs another portion of the light generated by the light source into the body interior . | 5 |
an infusion set and an intravenous bag adapter constructed of ultraviolet transmissive thermoplastic is used in spectroscopic validation of pharmaceuticals . the described hardware allows for qualitative and quantitative assurance of medications and is used to prevent medication errors . the thermoplastic is transmissive in the range of 240 to 315 nanometers . | 0 |
Fixes inconsistent treatment of data types by gvar.BufferDict. | 9 |
a p + layer and an n + layer are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of an n - layer , respectively . an electrode is formed on the p + layer , while an electrode is formed on the bottom surface of the n + layer . in a direction from the electrode to the electrode , the area of the cross section of the n - layer is decreased , which cross section is perpendicular to the direction . an n -- layer is formed complementarily to the n - layer which is decreased in cross - sectional area . when a potential applied to the electrode is higher than a potential applied to the electrode , a depletion layer extends from a pn junction formed by the p + layer and the n - layer . since the impurity concentration of the n - layer is lower than that of the p + layer , the depletion layer extends substantially to the n - layer . the depletion layer extending to the n - layer substantially holds the voltage applied across the electrodes and . in order to improve a breakdown voltage , the cross - sectional area of the n - layer is preferably decreased exponentially . a field intensity in the depletion layer extending within the n - layer hardly depends on a distance from the electrode or . | 8 |
a coated article comprising a substrate having a plastic surface and adhered thereto an organometallic film in which the metal has f electron orbitals or is niobium is disclosed . also disclosed are methods for applying organometallic films to substrates and the organometallic films themselves . | 8 |
quality control during semiconductor package testing is improved and package damage in the testing apparatus is avoided by employing a camera to monitor seating of the semiconductor package in the test socket . embodiments include linking operation of the plunger to the camera so that the plunger is activated upon proper seating of the semiconductor package in the test socket and recording semiconductor package data captured by the camera . | 6 |
a portable apparatus for measuring the thoracic lung volume of a patient without enclosing the patient in a sealed chamber , comprising first and second impedance belts , a flow meter , shutter and a microprocessor - based controller . the flow meter includes pressure transducers for measuring the change in volume and pressure as the patient respires therethrough . the change in thoracic cage volume of the patient &# 39 ; s lungs is directly correlated with the change of impedance in the belts . the thoracic lung volume is then determined from a measured barometric pressure , the measured change in pressure and the measured volume change in the thoracic cage volume utilizing a correction factor to determine the thoracic cage volume . | 0 |
the present invention provides is a file delivery system for transmitting files to recipients using email , which may be used with existing email infrastructures . high volumes of large file attachments may be handled by routing attachments independent of an associated email . an attachment distribution system extracts the attachments of emails at mail servers and routes them through a hosting server thereby alleviating server loading on the mail server . the system may be configured for delivery optimization , recipient authentication and delivery confirmation . the system examines emails flowing through a distributed network of mail servers , and may invoke attachment extraction based on configurable rules like attachment size and sender validity , and move the attachments over the internet or intranet to a remote server that is capable of delivering the attachments to the email recipients . | 7 |
disclosed is a high pressure mixing and spray nozzle apparatus generally comprised of three modules . the high pressure nozzle produces a more definite stream with less flair through the use of a linear compressed shock wave . the high pressure nozzle requires less fluid and less pressure for a proper spray . the three modules can be used alone or in different combinations to produce the desired results . | 1 |
an ignition system for oil burner capable of positively accomplishing ignition without operating a combustion cylinder construction and keeping ignition performance for a long period of time . the ignition system is constructed in a manner such that an ignition heater is operated at a level below the combustion cylinder construction and a closing door is actuated in synchronism with the ignition heater so that an ignition window may be opened only when the ignition heater is approached to a wick for ignition . | 5 |
a parallel monitored and controlled optical pmd compensator comprises a branch optical signal split from an optical signal path . a polarization controller and differential group delay are disposed in each of the paths . a controller adjusts polarization compensation of the pcs in response to pmd dispersion of the branch optical signal . a pmd monitor is preferably disposed in the branch path providing a monitor signal to the controller for use in adjusting the pcs . a polarization rotator may inject a reference signal into the paths with the pc disposed in the branch path acting as a polarization scrambler . a state of polarization of the reference signal may be monitored by polarimeters disposed in both paths and the sop of the reference signal in the branch path may be provided to the controller for adjusting polarization compensation of the inline pc . | 7 |
a filter cartridge comprises a length - adjustable end cap attached to an end of a filter body . the end cap includes an annular seal , a spacer coaxially positioned in spaced relationship with the seal , and a connection member including a cylindrical neck in moveable sealing contact within the seal and in a snug sliding fit within the spacer and an imperforate flange including a seal on a radial outer region thereof . a method of joining an end cap to an end of a generally cylindrical filtration medium comprises positioning an annular spacer ring in a recess of a connection flange of an end cap ; melting an exposed portion of the connection flange ; contacting the melted exposed portion of the flange and an end of a filter body ; and allowing the melted exposed portion to cool and bond the filter body to the end cap . | 1 |
a cable connector assembly and method for making , wherein the assembly connects to a flat ribbon cable having a plurality of conductors and electrical insulation about the conductors . the cable connector assembly includes a plurality of electrical contacts , each including a terminal configured to connect to at least one of the conductors of the flat ribbon cable directly through the electrical insulation to form an electrical junction . each contact is configured to electrically connect to an external member . the cable connector assembly has a housing for holding the contacts arranged in a first row and as second row where the contacts in the rows form a grid and are connected in an offset manner to minimize cross talk . | 8 |
The center of our Galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole, Sagittarius (Sgr) A*. Young, massive stars within 0.5 pc of Sgr A* are evidence of an episode of intense star formation near the black hole a few million years ago, which might have left behind a young neutron star traveling deep into Sgr A*'s gravitational potential. On 2013 April 25, a short X-ray burst was observed from the direction of the Galactic center. With a series of observations with the Chandra and the Swift satellites, we pinpoint the associated magnetar at an angular distance of 2.4 ± 0.3 arcsec from Sgr A*, and refine the source spin period and its derivative (P = 3.7635537(2) s and \dot{P} = 6.61(4)\times 10^{-12} s s<SUP>-1</SUP>), confirmed by quasi simultaneous radio observations performed with the Green Bank Telescope and Parkes Radio Telescope, which also constrain a dispersion measure of DM = 1750 ± 50 pc cm<SUP>-3</SUP>, the highest ever observed for a radio pulsar. We have found that this X-ray source is a young magnetar at ≈0.07-2 pc from Sgr A*. Simulations of its possible motion around Sgr A* show that it is likely (~90% probability) in a bound orbit around the black hole. The radiation front produced by the past activity from the magnetar passing through the molecular clouds surrounding the Galactic center region might be responsible for a large fraction of the light echoes observed in the Fe fluorescence features. | 9 |
a method of monitoring downhole conditions in a borehole includes receiving sensor data through a network of nodes provided at selected positions on a drill string disposed in the borehole . an inference is made about the downhole condition from the sensor data . a determination is made whether the downhole condition matches a target downhole condition within a set tolerance . at least one parameter affecting the downhole condition is selectively adjusted if the downhole condition does not match the target downhole condition within the set tolerance . | 4 |
disclosed is an apparatus , including a shaft ; a scoop , coupled to a distal end of the shaft , for collecting and holding a bolus of a compressible medium , the compressible medium retaining a post - compressed shape when operated from a proximal end of the shaft ; and a former , coupled to the scoop and mating with the scoop , for molding and compressing the bolus into a generally spherical ball retained within the scoop . a method for forming a throwable ball , includes scooping a bolus of a compressible medium with a scoop coupled to a distal end of a shaft , the compressible medium retaining a post - compressed shape ; and molding compressively the bolus into the scoop using a former coupled to the distal end , wherein the molding step creates the ball retained in the scoop when a user operates a proximal end of the shaft . | 5 |
This is the public release of ESM4 used for simulations done for publication | 9 |
a mosaic protein comprising a variety of immunoreactive antigenic epitopes from several genotypes of hepatitis c virus . the mosaic protein provides a sensitive and specific immunological hepatitis detection assay . a restriction enzyme assisted ligation method of making an artificial gene permits controlled construction of mosaic proteins , and allows confirmatory expression of the intermediate gene products . | 8 |
a snowmobile stand mechanism for drive - track type snowmobiles is provided comprising a stand rotatable between a transport position where the stand is not engaged and a use position where the stand is engaged and elevates the drive track above the ground surface , the stand comprising leverage means that require minimal physical exertion or , alternatively , motor - driven operation . the stand is attached to the snowmobile by means of a stand track , whereby the stand can be retracted during transport and extended for use . | 1 |
the present invention provides a wireless temperature and humidity sensor and system , and measurement method . the wireless temperature and humidity sensor comprises a substrate , a feeding network , an antenna and surface acoustic wave resonators , wherein the surface acoustic wave resonators are fed by said feeding network through said antenna . said surface acoustic wave resonator comprises a reference resonator and measuring resonators . the resonant frequency difference between said reference resonator and said measuring resonators is used to modulate the temperature and / or humidity to be measured . said system can monitor both temperature and humidity simultaneously , or monitor humidity or temperature selectively . furthermore , frequency drift caused by aging of the sensor material and the connector is effectively suppressed by the differential modulation , thereby improving long - term stability of measurement and avoiding recalibration . | 6 |
a rubber cement for marking unvulcanized rubber which comprises , as a seed rubber , a rubber composition comprising a rubber component comprising at least one rubber selected from natural rubber and diene rubbers , silica and titanium dioxide . the rubber cement for marking improves accuracy of the position of placement of rubber members in processes for manufacturing rubber articles such as tires and belts and provides enhanced quality control of the rubber articles . | 2 |
in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure , an instrument for tensioning a surgical cable is provided that includes a rotary tensioner that is rotatable in a tensioning rotary direction to apply tension to the surgical cable . the instrument further includes a body supporting the rotary tensioner , a pawl portion of the body configured to be received at least partially in a recess of a ratchet gear of the rotary tensioner , and a living hinge portion of the body supporting the pawl portion . the living hinge portion is configured to permit the pawl portion to be shifted out of the recess and shifted into an adjacent recess of the ratchet gear with turning of the rotary tensioner in the tensioning rotary direction | 1 |
a method for monitoring technology information for vulnerabilities , the method comprising an automated workflow process for detecting a vulnerability , researching the vulnerability and documenting the vulnerability within vulnerability data . | 7 |
an apparatus is proposed which serves the purpose of load - dependent actuation of an adjustment device , wherein the cross section and / or the pressure drop of an exhaust recirculation line in an internal combustion engine can be varied in accordance with load . an injection pump of conventional design is associated with the internal combustion engine and further includes a quantity adjustment device , the position of which acts as a control variable for the load . with this control variable , a booster apparatus is controlled via a comparison apparatus ; the output variable of the booster apparatus in turn is the control variable for the actuation of an adjustment device which acts on an exhaust recirculation control apparatus . when a threshold value for load is exceeded , the exhaust recirculation is precluded . the control variable is preferably formed as a fuel pressure signal with the fuel withdrawn from the suction chamber of the injection pump . apparatuses are proposed by means of which , in the event of the actuation of the control apparatus for exhaust recirculation , the smallest possible removal quantity of fuel is required for control purposes . | 5 |
a method and associated apparatus for automating the filtration and generation of information in a packetized communication system . a filtration table includes entries used in recognizing a valid packet received at a node in a communication system . a mask field in each entry is applied to appropriate fields in the packet to determine the validity of the packet with regard to the receiving node . rules in a field of each entry further qualify the recognition of a received packet by testing the reception of the packet against other logical rules . action fields in each record permit definition of actions to be invoked automatically in response to receipt and recognition of a particular packet . the set of packets recognized by the receiving node may be modified by adding , deleting , or modifying the entries in the filtration table . the programmable filtration thereby permits simple modifications to the protocol supported by the receiving node . programmable generation capabilities of the present invention permit rapid integration of additional packets transmitted in response to perceived packets in the receiving node . programmable parameters in the receiving node permit automatic generation and transmission of packets in accordance with the parameter settings at the time of packet transmission . | 7 |
a vehicle body includes : a coupling recess that couples an outer bottom member with an outer top member of an outer panel of a vehicle body pillar ; and a door seal cover that covers the coupling recess . the door seal cover comprises : a u - shaped body part that has a u - shaped cross section and serves as a central portion ; a u - shaped top lip that extends upward from the body part ; and a u - shaped bottom lip that extends downward from the body part . a front top leading end , a front bottom leading end , a back top leading end , and a back bottom leading end of seal contact surface sections , which are firmly attached to door - side seal members , are formed at step - free thicknesses . | 1 |
refining a current query . receiving information regarding the relevancy of documents retrieved from a document collection in response to a current query . ranking the retrieved documents in accordance with the relevancy information . forming a candidate query based on the rankings and analysis of locations of the retrieved documents in a latent semantic index vector space formed from the retrieved document . applying the candidate query to the document collection . ranking the documents retrieved in response to the candidate query in accordance with the received relevancy information . comparing the ranking of documents retrieved in response to the candidate query and the ranking of documents retrieved in response to the current query with the received relevancy information . choosing the query that produces the best ranking . | 8 |
a double rectification column air separation system with an associated argon column having a hybrid upper column containing both trays and packing in a defined construction wherein the upper column contains essentially exclusively packing below the argon column feed takeoff . | 8 |
a heater includes a handle , a combustion chamber , a valve and a thermal controller . a reservoir for fuel can be installed in the handle . the combustion chamber is mounted on the handle . the valve is received in the handle . the valve defines a passage through which fuel can flow from the reservoir into the combustion chamber for combustion . the thermal controller includes a memory element at least partially received in the combustion chamber and a rod connected between the memory element and the valve for controlling a rate at which fuel can flow through the passage defined in the valve based on the temperature in the combustion chamber . the memory element is a helical memory metal element . the memory element shrinks or expands when the temperature increases above a certain value . | 5 |
a method and a system for a real - time , worldwide , wireless , golf competition network in which a plurality of remotely located players , of varying abilities , compete in real - time on an equitable basis while participating in head - to - head matches , and / or in a running tournament , in real - time , while playing actual / physical rounds of golf , in real - time , on separate golf courses , and while communicating in real - time through wireless devices connected to a central network which manages the matches and / or the running tournament . one method of adjusting scores for the invention uses the usga handicap index , slope rating system and course rating system to equitably compare the scores of rounds , which will include other network members &# 39 ; rounds , live pga / lpga / senior professionals &# 39 ; rounds , and archived pga / lpga / senior professionals &# 39 ; rounds . methods are also provided for tracking a variety of performance metrics of network golfers , gathering demographical information of network golfers , managing wagers between network golfers and managing communications between network golfers . | 0 |
a method includes receiving an incoming call at a first device . the method includes determining whether second caller identification information is available at the first device based on first caller identification information received with the incoming call . the method further includes retrieving the second caller identification information in response to determining that the second caller identification information is available at the first device . the method further includes presenting a graphical display at a display device . the graphical display includes a plurality of caller information fields . the plurality of caller information fields are populated based on the first caller identification information and based on the second caller identification information . the graphical display also includes a user selectable edit option to edit the second caller identification information during the incoming call . the method further includes modifying the second caller identification information in response to selection of the user selectable edit option . | 7 |
a prismatic - cell battery pack is provided with integral coolant passages and a distributed array of coolant channels coupled between an intake plenum and a pair of exhaust plenums . coolant medium forced into the intake plenum draws heat away from the battery cells , and then exits via the exhaust plenum for expulsion of heat into the atmosphere . the battery pack is configured as a set of stackable interlocking battery cell modules including at least one battery cell in thermal proximity to an array of coolant channels distributed over the profile of the battery cell , and a pair of peripheral chambers joined to opposite ends of the coolant channels to form the intake and exhaust plenums when the modules are arranged and interlocked in a lineal stack . the entry end of each channel is closer to a centerline of the battery cell than the exit end of the channel . | 7 |
an image information control apparatus includes a partial write detector having at least two types of memory units for detecting and storing addresses accessed to a vram in units of lines in a scanning direction , thereby repeating the detection and the storage at different cycles , a circuit for performing calculations to recognize partial write information from contents of each of the memory units , memory units for storing the respective calculation results , a circuit for comparing the memory contents to determine a size relationship between partial write areas , a partial write id signal controller for controlling a partial write id signal on the basis of the size relationship between partial write areas and externally outputting the signal , and a circuit for , even when partial writing is being executed , forcibly interrupting the partial writing in accordance with a state of an external refresh control signal , starting refresh , and restarting the partial writing in accordance with a partial write state and a change in state of the refresh control signal . | 6 |
a method , system and computer program product are provided for monitoring a communication session in a contact center . an agent follows a structured workflow while handling the communications session , and trigger events are defined which are associated with significant steps in the workflow other than the connection and disconnection of the agent with the session . when a trigger event is detected indicating that the agent has reached a predefined significant step in the workflow , an event notification issues to another system of the contact center , such as a statistics package , or a supervisor workstation , or an event aggregator which receives such notifications from many agent stations . in a preferred embodiment , these event notifications are used by an automated outbound dialler to more accurately predict the time to the end of a communications session , thereby providing a better outbound dialling algorithm . | 7 |
an overvoltage protection circuit and a portable electronic device having the same are introduced . the overvoltage protection circuit provides overvoltage protection when an input voltage exceeds a rated voltage tolerable by an internal circuit unit in the portable electronic device . a reference voltage and a partial voltage are generated from the input voltage through a voltage limiting unit and voltage dividing module , respectively , and conveyed to a comparing module for comparison . comparison of the reference voltage and the partial voltage is followed by generation of a switch signal whereby a switch unit determines whether to apply the input voltage to the internal circuit unit . the voltage dividing module sets the maximum rated voltage tolerable by the internal circuit unit and enables the overvoltage protection circuit to give overvoltage protection to the portable electronic device regardless of temperature . | 7 |
In this work, we focus on the period-luminosity relation (PLR) of δ Sct stars, in which mode excitation and selection mechanisms are still poorly constrained, and whose structure and oscillations are affected by rotation. We review the PLRs in the recent literature, and add a new inference from a large sample of δ Sct. We highlight the difficulty in identifying the fundamental mode and show that rotation-induced surface effects can impact the measured luminosities, explaining the broadening of the PLR. We derive a tight relation between the low-order large separation and the fundamental radial mode frequency (F0) that holds for rotating stars, thus paving the way towards mode identification. We show that the PLRs we obtain for different samples are compatible with each other and with the recent literature, and with most observed δ Sct stars when taking rotation effects into account. We also find that the highest-amplitude peak in the frequency spectrum corresponds to the fundamental modein most δ Sct, thus shedding some light on their elusive mode selection mechanism. | 9 |
a manifold converter comprises a housing constructed of two metal shells welded at their mating edges ; a catalyzer carrier unit installed in the housing in a manner to define therein upstream and downstream portions with respect to the catalyzer carrier unit ; and a sealing mat disposed between the catalyzer carrier unit and the housing to achieve a hermetical sealing therebetween . a binding structure is further employed for binding a given portion of the housing where the sealing mat is located . with this binding structure , undesired permanent expansion of the housing caused by the inevitable thermal expansion is suppressed or at least minimized . | 5 |
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