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an overhead coiling closure is presented . a repositionable impact bar assembly engages a guide bracket mounted adjacent to the coiling closure when the closure is in a closed position . when in an open position , the impact bar assembly is released from the guide bracket and attaches to the coiling closure to provide repositionable impact protection . as the coiling closure closes the impact bar assembly is once again engaged by the guide bracket . | 4 |
a satellite communications system provides an information channel between remotely located transmitters and receivers a virtual satellite system provides the same service , but divides the signal either in power or in data content into subchannels such that any particular signal is conducted to the intended receiver via a plurality of traditional satellite channels . the receiving terminal accepts the plurality of signals simultaneously from a possible plurality of satellites , combining the subchannels comprising the virtual channel into the original signal content as if conducted via a single channel . the receiving antenna system receives satellite subchannel signals from a plurality of directions using multiple antennas or a single antenna with multi - direction capability . prior to signal combining , the receiver necessarily time - synchronizes the plurality of subchannels by introducing time delay in some channels before combining the subsignals into the original composite . a timing signal present in the virtual satellite system assists the receiver in determining the amount of delay to apply to each incoming signal . the timing signal is either a separate carrier or an additional modulation on the existing information - bearing carrier . | 7 |
Context. Very old halo stars have previously been found to show at least four different abundance anomalies, which models of fast-rotating massive stars (spinstars) can successfully account for: rise of N/O and C/O, low <SUP>12</SUP>C/<SUP>13</SUP>C, and a primary-like evolution of Be and B. Here we show the impact of these same stars in the enrichment of Sr and Ba in the early Universe. <BR /> Aims: We study whether the s-process production of fast-rotating massive stars can offer an explanation for the observed spread in [Sr/Ba] ratio in halo stars with metallicity [Fe/H] < -2.5. <BR /> Methods: By means of a chemical inhomogeneous model, we computed the enrichment of Sr and Ba by massive stars in the Galactic halo. Our model takes, for the first time, the contribution of spinstars into account. <BR /> Results: The model (combining an r-process contribution with an s-process from fast-rotating massive stars) is able to reproduce the observed scatter in the [Sr/Ba] ratio at [Fe/H] < -2.5. Toward higher metallicities, the stochasticity of the star formation fades away owing to the increasing number of exploding and enriching stars, and as a consequence the predicted scatter decreases. <BR /> Conclusions: Our scenario is again based on the existence of spinstars in the early Universe. Very old halo stars have previously been found to show at least four other abundance anomalies, which rotating models of massive stars can successfully account for. Our results provide a fifth independent signature of fast-rotating massive stars: an early enrichment of the Universe in s-process elements. <P />Appendix A is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
a brake cylinder having a parking brake function includes a cylinder housing , a piston , and a piston tube for actuating a brake . a threaded bolt protruding into the piston tube and fixed to the cylinder housing by its upper end is used to effect the parking brake function . a clamping nut displaceable by means of a forked , axially rotatable driving element extends over the threaded bolt . the driving element is rotated with the clamping nut while the cylinder is subjected to pressure by the parking brake until the clamping nut is supported against the piston in the parking position of the piston . the piston is mechanically locked when the cylinder housing is not subjected to pressure . | 5 |
a flash memory using a pre - sensing amplifier coupled to receive differential inputs from a pair of memory cells of said flash memory array and to generate a differential output from the pre - sensing amplifier . the differential output is coupled to a bus , which is also coupled to a post - sensing amplifier . the differential configuration on the bus allows marginal voltage differences to be detected by the post - sensing amplifier so that logic states from the flash memory can be sensed without the bus transitioning to half of the supply voltage . | 6 |
a light - emitting organic component is specified , comprising — an organic active region , in which light is generated during the operation of the component , and — an uneven light exit surface , through which at least part of the light generated in the organic active region emerges from the component , wherein — a multiplicity of optical structures which optically influence the light passing through and / or impinging on them are arranged at the uneven light exit surface . | 7 |
the present invention provides a motor drive system that is substantially more robust than those of the prior art . generally , the motor drive system provides a redundant communication topology with the drives , thereby greatly reducing the chance of failure by a fault in the drive - to - drive communication link . specifically , the motor drive system includes a plurality of motor drives joined by a communication media . each motor drive has a motor control circuit configured to control the speed of an electric motor and a media access control unit having two communication modules . each communications module includes a transmitter and a receiver joined to the communications media . a set of routing switches in the media access control unit joins the communication modules to connect the motor drives in an independent primary and a secondary ring communicating data for controlling the motor drives . | 7 |
The Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS) is an adaptive optics-fed multi-object integral field spectrograph with a parallel imaging capability. GIRMOS implements multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) for each of its spectrographs by taking advantage of the infrastructure offered by Gemini upcoming wide-field AO facility at Manua Kea. The instrument offers the ability to observe four objects simultaneously within the Gemini-North AO (GNAO) system's field-of-regard or a single object by tiling the four fields that feed light to four separate spectrographs. Each integral field spectrograph has an independent set of selectable spatial scales (0.025", 0.05", and 0.1" /spaxel) and spectral resolution (R 3,000 and 8,000) within an operating band of 0.95 2.4µm. These spatial scales correspond to indvidual spectrograph fields of view of 1x1", 2X2" , and 4x4", respectively. GIRMOS's imager offers Nyquist sampling of the diffraction limit in H-band over a 85x85" imaging field. The imager can function in a parallel data acquisition mode with just minor vignetting spectroscopic pick- offs when they are deployed. | 9 |
in order to drive a capacitance load at a high speed without an undesirably large increase in the circuit size , a driving arrangement is provided to charge the capacitance load in accordance with a limited voltage . a voltage limiter is coupled to a supply voltage providing a predetermined limited voltage . a pulse generator is coupled to receive the limited voltage and to provide output pulses which are , in turn , limited in accordance with the output voltage of the voltage limiter . a driver is coupled between the supply voltage and the capacitance load , and is controlled by the output pulses of the pulse generator . in this way , the capacitance load is charged through the driver in accordance with the limited voltage . since the voltage limiter is not arranged along a series connection between the driver and the capacitance load , the internal equivalent resistance of the voltage limiter does not detrimentally influence the resistance along the series connection . | 7 |
the present invention provides a bi - directional multiplexing messaging gateway for wireless devices , such as for devices using the global system for mobile communication wireless digital standard , or any other suitable protocols . electronic messages may be transmitted over a wireless connection to , or to and from , a mobile phone , and the present invention maintains and facilitates all necessary housekeeping functions . for example , electronic messages addressed to a mobile phone may be received by the gateway of the present invention from the internet , a lan , or any other source , and routed to the appropriate mobile phone . such electronic messages may be originated manually or may be automatically generated by specific computer applications , such as a scheduling program operating on a lan . likewise , the user of the mobile phone may reply to the sender of the original electronic message , whereby the gateway of the present invention maintains the address of the sender and matches it with the reply so as to facilitate the forwarding of the reply to the correct address . finally , the user of the mobile phone may cause an electronic message received from a sender to be remotely routed to , for example , a chosen facsimile machine , or any other suitable destination . | 7 |
in a contact - type image sensor for use in a facsimile equipment or the like , the surface of the sensor is provided with a transparent film which is electroconductive and of which the surface that is in contact with the sensor elements is formed as a roughened surface capable of scattering light . by virtue of the provision of this film , static electricity generated during the running of the original is prevented from causing fluctuations in the sensor output voltage . in addition , light reflected by the surface of the transparent film is prevented from becoming directly incident on the sensor elements and , hence , from causing abnormal increases in the sensor output . | 7 |
a method and a system control admission for voice transmission over a multi - hop network . the method takes multiple parameters into account in order to make a decision and ensures that the system remains stable . the parameters may include options and constraints . the method computes the load of the network given each set of options and constraints and compares it against the packetization interval of the voice codec to check whether or not the system is stable . an algorithm of the method finds the best trade - offs between overhead reduction and a solution robust to channel errors , if links are noisy . if several stable solutions corresponding to different options exist , additional criteria may be used to determine the final “ best ” solution . | 7 |
Mass-to-light versus colour relations (MLCRs), derived from stellar population synthesis models, are widely used to estimate galaxy stellar masses (M<SUB>*</SUB>), yet a detailed investigation of their inherent biases and limitations is still lacking. We quantify several potential sources of uncertainty, using optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry for a representative sample of nearby galaxies from the Virgo cluster. Our method for combining multiband photometry with MLCRs yields robust stellar masses, while errors in M<SUB>*</SUB> decrease as more bands are simultaneously considered. The prior assumptions in one's stellar population modelling dominate the error budget, creating a colour-dependent bias of up to 0.6 dex if NIR fluxes are used (0.3 dex otherwise). This matches the systematic errors associated with the method of spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, indicating that MLCRs do not suffer from much additional bias. Moreover, MLCRs and SED fitting yield similar degrees of random error (∼0.1-0.14 dex) when applied to mock galaxies and, on average, equivalent masses for real galaxies with M<SUB>*</SUB> ∼ 10<SUP>8-11</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The use of integrated photometry introduces additional uncertainty in M<SUB>*</SUB> measurements, at the level of 0.05-0.07 dex. We argue that using MLCRs, instead of time-consuming SED fits, is justified in cases with complex model parameter spaces (involving, for instance, multiparameter star formation histories) and/or for large data sets. Spatially resolved methods for measuring M<SUB>*</SUB> should be applied for small sample sizes and/or when accuracies less than 0.1 dex are required. An appendix provides our MLCR transformations for 10 colour permutations of the grizH filter set. | 9 |
the present invention relates generally to detecting energy theft within an energy distribution system and more particularly to systems and methods for detecting energy discrepancies in voltages and / or currents reported by electric meters present in a distribution circuit , without requiring installation of additional hardware at the transformer . typically , the location of each of at least two meters is determined with respect to a transformer . the line resistances within the distribution circuit are determined starting with a line resistance farthest from the transformer . estimated line voltages are determined for at least one electric meter using the estimated line resistances , and the estimated voltages are compared to actual voltage readings for the at least one electric meter . the existence of line loss is determined based on this comparison . | 8 |
delivery devices and methods related thereto may be used in humans for spinal delivery of cells , drugs or vectors . the patient population may include patients with spinal traumatic injury , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , multiple sclerosis , spinal ischemia and any other spinal neurodegenerative disorders which will require spinal cell , vector or drug delivery . unlike conventional methods which require multiple injection sites to make multiple , localized substrate deliveries , the delivery devices and methods of the present invention may allow for multiple substrate delivery locations with homogeneous substrate delivery with a single injection site . | 0 |
a system for producing a bulky , soft and absorbent paper web wherein the web is creped from a first creping surface , passes through a nip formed between a dewatering felt and imprinting fabric of a specified character and is applied to and creped from a second creping surface . | 3 |
a method and apparatus for multiplexing are disclosed . data is received over a plurality of logical channels . data from the plurality of logical channels is multiplexed into a medium access control protocol data unit based on a priority associated with each of the plurality of the logical channels . the mac pdu is transmitted over an uplink transport channel . | 7 |
a method for manufacturing cmos transistors for integrated circuits which have metal gates and heavily doped source and drain electrode regions , thereby improving their resisting capability to a high voltage while reducing cycle time for manufacture . as a result , the performance of the transistors is improved and the cost of manufacture is reduced . | 8 |
a grease removal system for a combination oven , requiring venting and condensation of steam , conducts excess grease through the same drainpipe as the steam to a water - filled condenser , then segregates the grease within a reservoir wall . in this way , a single opening may serve to remove both excess steam pressure and grease and temperature - moderated grease may be readily pumped to a convenient location . | 1 |
Code to recreate analyses in Avolio et al. Making sense of multivariate community responses in global change experiments | 9 |
a two sided colonial grid assembly for a closure and an assembly , such as a glass pane door or window , wherein the grid structure incorporates both real and false muntin bars as well as integral and false glazing beads . the assembly is structured to allow a snap - fit type of attachment of the glazing beads into the grid assembly and in engagement with the glass panes such that the entire assembly is structured to facilitate and reduce cost of assembling and manufacturing while providing an authenticate and aesthetically pleasing appearance . | 4 |
This repository contains the codes used to produce the results presented in the article "Numerical approximation of viscous contact problems applied to glacial sliding" by de Diego, G.G., Farrell, P.E. and Hewitt, I.J. This finite element solver is implemented in Firedrake using the version available in this repository with doi 10.5281/zenodo.5643646. | 9 |
fibrointimal proliferation , neointimal hyperplasia and other vascular lesions or injuries are reduced by ex vivo irradiation of the autologous coronary bypass conduit , especially the saphenous vein , as an adjunct in cardiovascular surgery or other treatment , in anyone of a variety of suitable devices . | 0 |
an ac - ac ballast system for a discharge lamp , which includes a pfc converter which incorporates an isolation transformer , and a dc - ac inverter provided on the secondary side of the isolation transformer . because the ac line input is isolated from the lamp load by the transformer in the pfc converter , the switching frequency of the pfc converter can be advantageously significantly higher than the lamp current frequency , to thereby enable a significant reduction in the size and weight of the ballast system , without an increase in the emission of emi radiation from the lamp . in this regard , the ballast system of the present invention can be thought of as a two - frequency ballast system having an isolated pfc converter . | 7 |
a delay locked loop is disclosed which is less responsive to noise so as to improve an ac parameter tac . the delay locked loop generally includes : a phase detector , a shift register , and a noise determining circuit which is enabled when the delay locked loop is locked for controlling driving of the shift register by determining whether a phase comparison signal from the phase detector is produced by noise . the noise determining circuit drives the shift register when the phase comparison signal has information for driving the shift register at least three times sequentially . | 7 |
the present invention relates to the use of hydrogen peroxide producing enzyme for manufacturing of a medicament for treatment and / or prevention of otitis media , preferably in children . this enzyme is preferably nadh oxidase . the medicament is intended to be administered with lactoperoxidase into the nasal cavity . | 2 |
an apparatus for automated examination of biological material includes a microscope with a cross table with the biological material being arranged on the cross table between an object slide or an analysis plate and a cover ; a light source ; an evaluation unit ; a device for automatic focusing ; an image recording unit for recording an image of the biological material enlarged via of an object lens of the microscope and for transferring the image to the evaluation unit ; and a biochip . labeling is provided on a surface of the biochip . focusing is executable by targeted movement of the cross table based on detection of the labeling , and a target interval is determinable by determination of a location and / or a position of the labeling , within which focusing of the biological material takes place . | 6 |
the present invention is to prevent a snapping of wiring patterns formed on a flexible printed circuit board by bending the fpc board and to make the length of the pattern short to suppress the degradation of high frequency signals transmitted on the wiring pattern . the fpc board provides a via hole in the land region formed on a primary surface of the fpc board and to be attached to the host board . the wiring pattern , which is formed on a secondary surface opposite to the primary surface and is made of copper foil , is drawn from the via hole at the secondary surface . the wiring pattern is covered by a cover layer . bending the fpc board such that the primary surface is outside , the fpc board is bent at a boundary of the land region at the primary surface , while ; the fpc board provides the cover layer on a region of the secondary surface corresponding to the land region , which prevents the wiring pattern on the second region from snapping . | 7 |
apparatus and methods of repairing an in - service pipeline , tank , and / or vessel are provided . generally , a metal arc welding under oil process employing an automated metal arc welding setup with a continuous wire feed is utilized . the process may be used in connection with a smart pig to perform in - situ internal repairs of in - service pipelines , tanks , and / or vessels . for example , a pipeline pig or other device is contemplated that employs an internal power supply , a navigation system , and a metal arc welding under oil system that is able to travel vast distances within a pipeline to reach pipeline segments that are either buried underground , under highways , or underwater making access very difficult . once at its desired location , the pipeline pig performs in - situ welding or other internal repairs to the in - service pipeline . the disclosed apparatus and methods provide great flexibility to the repair of pipelines , tanks , and / or vessels . | 1 |
a horn speaker comprising a diaphragm positioned close to a throat and side walls forming sound passages for radiating the vibrations of the diaphragm effectively as sound waves from the mouth of the speaker . | 6 |
an ultrasound densitometer is disclosed in which ultrasonic transducers are located spaced apart in a water bath into which the heel of a person may be inserted . the transit time of an ultrasonic pulse through the water and heel and the attenuation of the pulse may be measured to evaluate the physical properties of the bone in the heel . a central controller coordinates the ultrasonic measurement with the automatic filling and draining of the water bath to ensure hygienic and repeatable operation . the water may be preheated to reduce patient discomfort and to improve the reduced by preheating water in a separate pre - fill chamber during the previous scan . gravity feed of the water reduces the complexity of the water handling and provides extremely quiet operation . a toe peg in the water bath , which fits between the patient &# 39 ; s toes , and a calf support help to reduce patient motion during the measuring . | 6 |
a modified anchor device for attaching a structure to a thin - walled work piece allows a structure , such as a luggage or utility rack , to be attached to a work piece , such as an automobile roof , without threaded fasteners connecting the structure to the work piece . the anchor device has an double - sectioned head having an upper head member and a lower head member the upper head member extends above the surface of the work piece a sufficient distance such that the upper head member engages the top surface of the structure , thus retaining the bottom side of the structure in face - to - face contact with the top side of the work piece . | 5 |
a light emitting diode package includes at least one led chip , a carrier , a light reflection element and at least one outside connection electrode . the led chip is disposed on the carrier and a conductive line or a flip chip method is used to connect the electrodes of the led chip to the external connection electrodes . a transparent material is used for fixing the light reflection element and carrier , and forming a lens . | 7 |
We present radio observations of the most slowly rotating known radio pulsar PSR J0250+5854. With a 23.5-s period, it is close, or even beyond, the P-$\dot{P}$ diagram region thought to be occupied by active pulsars. The simultaneous observations with the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), the Chilbolton and Effelsberg Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) international stations, and New Extension in Nançay Upgrading loFAR (NenuFAR) represent a five-fold increase in the spectral coverage of this object, with the detections at 1250 (FAST) and 57 MHz (NenuFAR) being the highest and lowest frequency published, respectively, to date. We measure a flux density of 4 ± 2 $\mu$Jy at 1250 MHz and an exceptionally steep spectral index of $-3.5^{+0.2}_{-1.5}$, with a turnover below ~95 MHz. In conjunction with observations of this pulsar with the Green Bank Telescope and the LOFAR Core, we show that the intrinsic profile width increases drastically towards higher frequencies, contrary to the predictions of conventional radius-to-frequency mapping. We examine polarimetric data from FAST and the LOFAR Core and conclude that its polar cap radio emission is produced at an absolute height of several hundreds of kilometres around 1.5 GHz, similar to other rotation-powered pulsars across the population. Its beam is significantly underfilled at lower frequencies, or it narrows because of the disappearance of conal outriders. Finally, the results for PSR J0250+5854 and other slowly spinning rotation-powered pulsars are contrasted with the radio-detected magnetars. We conclude that magnetars have intrinsically wider radio beams than the slow rotation-powered pulsars, and that consequently the latter's lower beaming fraction is what makes objects such as PSR J0250+5854 so scarce. | 9 |
a digital cable broadcast receiver and a method for automatically processing caption data of various standards and types , is disclosed . the digital broadcast receiver includes : a demultiplexer for dividing a received broadcast stream into video data , audio data , supplementary information ; a controller for determining whether caption data included in the video data is digital caption data or analog caption data on the basis of caption information included in the supplementary information , and outputting a control signal according to a result of the determining ; a digital caption decoder for extracting and decoding digital caption data from the video data according to the control signal ; and an analog caption decoder for extracting and decoding analog caption data from the video data according to the control signal . | 7 |
a remote control for controlling a television receiver . the remote control comprises a communication mechanism for communicating with the receiver , an active nfc reader for communicating with an active or passive nfc device , and a mechanism for transmitting the information received from the nfc device to the receiver . the remote control allows the use of a near filed communication portable device for transactions using a television . | 7 |
a vehicle with energy absorbing chassis members has an engine unit attached to the chassis by severable mounts . a tension strap is provided to impede the forward motion of the engine unit on the occurrence of an accident . the tension strap exerts restraining force on the engine unit only after the severance of the engine mounts . | 1 |
the present invention provides a polyester fiber of easy dyeability . the propylene chain of polypropylene terephthalte of easy dyeability is incorporated into the main chain of polyethylene terephthalate , and a ppt / pet copolyester having both ethylene and propylene groups can thus be formed . the ppt / pet copolyester is then spun into a copolyester fiber . the copolyester fiber of the present invention can be successfully dyed with a disperse dye at a temperature below 100 ° c . in the absence of a dye carrier . | 3 |
method and apparatus are provided for use in a frame - based semantic network wherein at least one specialization slot - control frame defining a specialized behavior is linked to a base slot - control frame defining a global behavior in a hierarchical data structure . slot behavior is attached to an occurrence of the slot in any other frame such that the slot and its behaviors are inherited to related frames as a unit . all specialized behaviors are compiled into a compact internal format and stored in a reserved space in the slot - control frame . the method and apparatus have particular utility in knowledge - based or expert systems . | 6 |
a baby pacifier comprises a pair of opposed generally dome shaped members coupled by a collapsable wall portion . an upwardly extending nipple member is supported within one of the domed members . the remaining domed member defines a slot through which the nipple member may be passed . a pair of handle sections are coupled between the dome and are operative to drawn the dome sections together and expose the nipple member . | 0 |
a power electronics system includes a multipart housing having three housing elements of cuboid basic structure to define a central element with inlet and outlet ports for a cooling liquid , an upper and lower cover elements which are arranged on opposite connection surfaces of the central element . a plurality of power electronics switching devices is accommodated in the housing , and a condenser device having condenser connection elements is arranged in the central element of the housing & gt ; further provided is a liquid cooling system having at least one first upper cooling chamber between the central element and the upper cover element , and at least two first and second lower cooling chambers between the central element and the lower cover element . the upper and lower cooling chambers are configured for circulation of the cooling liquid entering through the inlet port and exiting through the outlet port of the housing . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a source for emitting broad spectrum light of controllable frequency comprising boron nitride nanotubes with defects caused by the vacancy of a boron atom in the tubular structure and wherein the source is further provided with means for producing an electric field perpendicular to the tube . the invention can be used as a field - effect transistor or as a source for converting energy of an incoming beam . | 7 |
The paramspace package is an open-source Python package that makes it possible to conveniently define dictionary-based, multi-dimensional parameter spaces and iterate over them. Why? In Python, dictionaries provide a powerful tool to control program behaviour. Frequently, these configuration structures take the shape of highly nested dictionaries, where each hierarchical level holds the information required at that point of the program. However, it is frequently desired to instantiate some program not with a single set of parameters but with a set of parameters. Especially for scientific purposes, e.g. numerical simulations, it is often required to perform many instantiations of the same program with different parameters, so-called parameter sweeps. For simple configuration structures, this can be easily achieved by basic control flow tools; however, this becomes increasingly difficult the more parameters are desired to be sweeped over or the further nested they are in the configuration hierarchy. This is where the paramspace package comes in. How? At its core, the paramspace package supplies the ParamSpace class, which accepts a dictionary-like object. To define parameter dimensions, individual entries within that dictionary can be replaced by a ParamDim object, regardless of the position and nestedness within the dictionary. The parameter space is then the cartesian product of all parameter dimensions, each parameter opening a new dimension of the parameter space. When iterating over the space, each returned value is a dictionary with one combination of parameters, ready to be passed on to run the desired program. This allows retaining a hierarchical configuration structure while at the same time being able to conveniently perform sweeps over parameters, e.g. to spawn simulations with. Furthermore, the paramspace package integrates tightly with YAML, making it very simple to define multidimensional parameter spaces directly in a configuration file. More information: Main Project Page: ts-gitlab.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/yunus/paramspace Includes Installation and Usage Instructions and Issue Tracker PyPI Entry: pypi.org/project/paramspace/ API Reference: paramspace.readthedocs.io | 9 |
an electric motor includes a stator and a rotor . the stator includes a motor housing with an open end and an end cover mounted to the open end . the rotor includes a rotor shaft that extends through the end cover . the end cover includes a bearing that supports the rotor shaft . the rotor shaft and motor housing are made of an electrically conductive material and are electrically connected with each other . the motor housing , end cover , bearing and rotor shaft cooperatively form an electromagnetic shield suppressing electromagnetic interference generated by the motor . optionally , the rotor shaft drives a coaxial worm shaft of a gearbox by an insulating member , which further suppresses electromagnetic interference . | 7 |
a method , an apparatus , and a computer program are provided to measure and / or correct duty cycles . duty cycles of various signals , specifically clocking signals , are important . however , measurement of very high frequency signals , off - chip , and in a laboratory environment can be very difficult and present numerous problems . to combat problems associated with making off - chip measurements and adjustments of signal duty cycles , comparisons are made between input signals and divided input signals that allow for easy measurement and adjustment of on - chip signals , including clocking signals . | 7 |
organosilicon compositions which can be cured to produce elastomers , in particular elastomers suitable for use in the food industry , contain very fine particulate aluminum oxide powder in minor amount . non - blocking sheets and pellets can be formed from the compositions , and later molded and cured . | 2 |
ZOGY performs optimal image subtraction; the code is designed specifically for the MeerLICHT and BlackGEM pipelines, but should also be useful to apply to images of other telescopes. The module accepts a new and a reference FITS image, runs SExtractor (ascl:1010.064) on them, and finds their WCS solution using Astrometry.net (ascl:1208.001). ZOGY then uses PSFex (ascl:1301.001) to infer the position-dependent PSFs of the images and SWarp (ascl:1010.068) to map the reference image to the new image and performs optimal image subtraction. This produces the subtracted image, the significance image, the corrected significance image, and the PSF photometry image and associated error image. The inferred PSFs are also used to extract optimal photometry of all sources detected by SExtractor. | 9 |
the invention provides diastereomeric peptides with a net positive charge greater than + 1 , and cyclic analogues thereof , having at least 15 amino acid residues , wherein said residues are selected from : leucine and lysine ;, leucine , lysine and arginine ; glycine , serine , spargine , threonine , or glutamine optionally present at the n - terminus ; and / or lysine , arginine , glycine , or serine optionally present at the c - terminus . the diastereomeric peptides are suitable for treatment of cancer and for treatment , particularly topical treatment , of infections caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and fungi . in addition , they may be used for controlling , mycoplasma infection in cell cultures and for food preservation as food supplements and as alternative to antibiotics for animal nutrition . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for supplying liquids by means of a pump combination comprising two single oscillating displacement pumps is provided , wherein a supply pressure of the pump supplying liquid into a user duct is used as a control value of a pressure controller , such that a pressure stroke movement of the other pump which is generating a pre - compression pressure , is discontinued when the pre - compression pressure equals the supply pressure , and the pre - compression pressure is maintained . | 5 |
an apparatus for manipulating the thermal regulatory status of a mammal . the apparatus includes a sealing enclosure for enclosing a portion of the mammal , a heat exchanger operable to transfer energy with the portion of the mammal , and a pumping device operably coupled with at least one of the sealing enclosure and the heat exchanger . the pumping device is actuated through ambulation or movement of the mammal . | 0 |
We observed BL Lac in the B, V, R, and I bands with an 85 cm telescope on nine nights from 2019 September 18 to 2019 December 6. More than 2300 data points were collected. All intraday light curves were examined for variations by using the most reliable power-enhanced F-test and the ANOVA test, and intraday variability was found on five nights. Thanks to our high precision and high temporal resolution data, two key discoveries were made in the following analyses. (1) In addition to the strong bluer-when-brighter behavior on most nights, we observed a color reversal that is rarely found in BL Lac objects. This indicates that there are two different energy distributions of injected electrons on this night. (2) The object traced clockwise loops on the color-magnitude diagrams on one night. These are the first intraday spectral hysteresis loops reported in the optical bands in this object, suggesting interband time lags. We estimated the interband lags by using the ZDCF, ICCF, and JAVELIN, and found the variations in the V and R band lagged that in the B band by about 16 and 18 minutes, respectively. Such optical time lags are expected if the acceleration timescale is much shorter than the cooling timescale. | 9 |
a method for fabricating high - aspect - ratio contacts on integrated circuits , such as embedded drams , using a borderless pre - opened hard - mask technique is achieved . after forming gate electrodes for field effect transistors and local interconnections from a polycide layer having a silicon nitride hard mask or cap layer , an anti - reflective coating is used to protect the fet source / drain areas . a photoresist mask and plasma etching are used to remove portions of the hard mask on the interconnections for contact openings , while the anti - reflective protects the source / drain areas . the photoresist mask and the anti - reflective coating are removed , and an interlevel dielectric layer is deposited . the high - aspect - ratio contact openings can now be etched in the ild layer to the source / drain areas , while concurrently etching reliable contact openings to the polycide interconnections where the cap si 3 n 4 has been removed without overetching the source / drain areas . | 7 |
a machine for extracorporeal blood treatment comprises a device for ultrafiltration of a liquid through a semi - permeable membrane of a blood treatment device , a first sensor for ultrafiltration rate through the membrane , a second group of sensors for measuring a trans - membrane pressure , an infusion line with an infusion pump and a programmed controller for calculating a maximum infusion rate as a function of the transmembrane pressure . the machine is suitable for kidney failure treatments , such as hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration . in a relatively short time the machine enables a large quantity of corporeal blood to be removed from the patient . | 0 |
We are entering an era where progress in cosmology is driven by data, and alternative models will have to be compared and ruled out according to some consistent criterium. The most conservative and widely used approach is Bayesian model comparison. In this paper we explicitly calculate the Bayes factors for all models that are linear with respect to their parameters. We do this in order to test the so called Jeffreys' scale and determine analytically how accurate its predictions are in a simple case where we fully understand and can calculate everything analytically. We also discuss the case of nested models, e.g. one with M<SUB>1</SUB> and another with M<SUB>2</SUB>⊃M<SUB>1</SUB> parameters and we derive analytic expressions for both the Bayes factor and the figure of Merit, defined as the inverse area of the model parameter's confidence contours. With all this machinery and the use of an explicit example we demonstrate that the threshold nature of Jeffreys' scale is not a ``one size fits all'' reliable tool for model comparison and that it may lead to biased conclusions. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of choosing the right basis in the context of models that are linear with respect to their parameters and how that basis affects the parameter estimation and the derived constraints. | 9 |
Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are recognised as important tools for understanding the formation and evolution of the Milky Way (MW) because they are the oldest objects in our Galaxy. Unfortunately, the known sample in our MW is still incomplete, especially towards the innermost regions, because of the high differential reddening, extinction, and stellar crowding. Therefore, the discovery of new GC candidates and the confirmation of their true nature are crucial for the census of the MW GC system. <BR /> Aims: Our main goal is to confirm the physical nature of two GC candidates: Patchick 99 and TBJ 3. Both are located towards the Galactic bulge. We use public data in the near-infrared(IR) passband from the VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Survey (VVV), the VVV eXtended Survey, and the Two Micron All Sky Survey along with deep optical data from the Gaia Mission DR 2 in order to estimate their main astrophysical parameters, such as reddening and extinction, distance, total luminosity, mean cluster proper motions, size, metallicity, and age. <BR /> Methods: We investigated both candidates at different wavelengths, allowing us to discard TBJ3 as a possible GC. We use near-IR (K<SUB>s</SUB> vs. (J − K<SUB>s</SUB>)) and optical (G vs. (BP − RP)) colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in order to analyse Patchick 99. First, we decontaminated CMDs, following a statistical procedure, as well as selecting only stars which have similar proper motions (PMs) and are situated within 3' of the centre. Mean PMs were measured from Gaia DR 2 data. Reddening and extinction were derived by adopting optical and near-IR reddening maps, and were used to estimate the distance modulus and the heliocentric distance. Metallicity and age were evaluated by fitting theoretical stellar isochrones. <BR /> Results: Reddening and extinction values for Patchick 99 are E(J − K<SUB>s</SUB>) = (0.12 ± 0.02) mag and A<SUB>K<SUB>s</SUB></SUB> = (0.09 ± 0.01) mag from the VVV data, whereas we calculate E(BP − RP) = (0.21 ± 0.03) mag and A<SUB>G</SUB> = (0.68 ± 0.08) mag from Gaia DR 2 data. We use those values and the magnitude of the RC to estimate the distance, finding good agreement between the near-IR and optical measurements. In fact, we obtain (m − M)<SUB>0</SUB> = (14.02 ± 0.01) mag, equivalent to a distance D = (6.4 ± 0.2) kpc in near-IR and (m − M)<SUB>0</SUB> = (14.23 ± 0.1) mag and so D = (7.0 ± 0.2) kpc in optical. In addition, we derive the metallicity and age for Patchick 99 using our distance and extinction values and fitting PARSEC isochrones. We find [Fe/H]=(−0.2 ± 0.2) dex and t = (10 ± 2) Gyr. The mean PMs for Patchick 99 are μ<SUB>α</SUB> = ( − 2.98 ± 1.74) mas yr<SUP>−1</SUP> and μ<SUB>δ</SUB> = ( − 5.49 ± 2.02) mas yr<SUP>−1</SUP> using the Gaia DR 2 data. These are consistent with the bulge kinematics. We also calculate the total luminosity of our cluster and confirm that it is a low-luminosity GC, with M<SUB>K<SUB>s</SUB></SUB> = ( − 7.0 ± 0.6) mag. The radius estimation is performed building the radial density profile and we find its angular radius r<SUB>P99</SUB> ∼ 10'. We also recognise seven RR Lyrae star members within 8.2 arcmin from the Patchick 99 centre, but only three of them have PMs matching the mean GC PM, confirming the distance found by other methods. <BR /> Conclusions: We find that TBJ 3 shows mid-IR emissions that are not present in GCs. We therefore discard TBJ 3 as a GC candidate and focus our work on Patchick 99. We conclude that Patchick 99 is an old metal-rich GC situated in the Galactic bulge. TBJ 3 is a background galaxy. | 9 |
a device comprising a piezo element includes a piezo - electric material the piezo element including a piezo actuator , and at least one piezo sensor coupled to the piezo actuator , wherein the piezo actuator and the at least one piezo sensor include a common element . | 6 |
We present the discovery of a large population of stellar streams that surround the inner Galaxy, found in the Gaia DR2 catalog using the new STREAMFINDER algorithm. Here we focus on the properties of eight new high-significance structures found at heliocentric distances between 1 and 10 kpc and at Galactic latitudes | b| > 20^\circ , named Slidr, Sylgr, Ylgr, Fimbulthul, Svöl, Fjörm, Gjöll, and Leiptr. Spectroscopic measurements of seven of the streams confirm the detections, which are based on Gaia astrometry and photometry alone, and show that these streams are predominantly metal-poor. The sample possesses diverse orbital properties, although most of the streams appear to be debris of inner-halo globular clusters. Many more candidate streams are visible in our maps but require follow-up spectroscopy to confirm their nature. We also explain in detail the workings of the algorithm and gauge the incidence of false detections by running the algorithm on a smooth model of the Gaia catalog. | 9 |
a transient blocking unit includes at least two depletion mode transistors connected to each other such that they can rapidly switch from a normal low - impedance state to a high - impedance current blocking state in response to an over - voltage or over - current condition . this behavior makes tbus useful for protecting electrical devices and circuit from harmful electrical transients . some kinds of transistors can exhibit a phenomenon known as current collapse , where channel conductance is temporarily reduced after exposure to high voltage . although current collapse is undesirable , transistors exhibiting current collapse can have otherwise favorable properties for tbu applications . according to the present invention , a tbu is provided where a diode is placed in parallel with a tbu transistor that can exhibit current collapse . the diode prevents high power dissipation in a current collapsed transistor , thereby reducing the vulnerability of the tbu to permanent damage or destruction in service . | 7 |
this invention relates to pressure torque sanitary diaphragm valves and methods of using torque sensitive sanitary valves in the production of chemical and biological therapeutics to obtain procedural reproducibility in the production pharmaceutical compounds and intermediates related thereto . | 5 |
Connecting the solar wind observed throughout the heliosphere to its origins in the solar corona is one of the central aims of heliophysics. The variability in the magnetic field, bulk plasma, and heavy ion composition properties of the slow wind are thought to result from magnetic reconnection processes in the solar corona. We identify regions of enhanced variability and composition in the solar wind from 2003 April 15 to May 13 (Carrington Rotation 2002), observed by the Wind and Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft, and demonstrate their relationship to the separatrix-web (hereafter, S-Web) structures describing the corona's large-scale magnetic topology. There are four pseudostreamer (PS) wind intervals and two helmet streamer (HS) heliospheric current sheet/plasma sheet crossings (and an interplanetary coronal mass ejection), which all exhibit enhanced alpha-to-proton ratios and/or elevated ionic charge states of carbon, oxygen, and iron. We apply the magnetic helicity-partial variance of increments (H <SUB> m </SUB>-PVI) procedure to identify coherent magnetic structures and quantify their properties during each interval. The mean duration of these structures are ~1 hr in both the HS and PS wind. We find a modest enhancement above the power-law fit to the PVI waiting-time distribution in the HS-associated wind at the 1.5-2 hr timescales that is absent from the PS intervals. We discuss our results in the context of previous observations of the ~90 minutes periodic density structures in the slow solar wind, further development of the dynamic S-Web model, and future Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter joint observational campaigns. | 9 |
an apparatus and method for monitoring reduced fluid flow through a filter . a filter , more particularly a fluid flow filter or an air filter when contaminated can suffer from a reduced fluid flow , which will often deform to match the fluid flow or more particularly in the case of an air filter — the air flow . | 6 |
a display device is disclosed having a base member adapted to receive at least one light device , conductive layer provided on the base member and configured to electrically interconnect with the light device , and a light guide member integrally formed on one or more of the base member and conductive layer , and having at least one aperture configured to at least partially surround the light device . a method of making a display device is also disclosed and includes the steps of providing a base member having a conductive layer provided in a pattern thereon , forming a light guide member having at least one aperture onto at least one of the base member and the conductive layer , and attaching at least one led to the conductive layer so that the led is disposed within the aperture . | 7 |
a round bale feeding device including upwardly extending slant bars that support the horizontally disposed rings . the bars extend at an angle from the bottom ring to the top ring , performing not only the support function for the rings but also providing the slant bar feature in the feeding zone . the slant bars are angularly affixed to the rings by means of molded plastic alignment brackets which provide connection and support to the feeder . the brackets simultaneously function as a secure clamp and an angle alignment device for properly positioning the rings and slant bars as the device is assembled . | 0 |
an apparatus for plasma processing of a wafer includes an annular structure including a magnet , where the structure is concentric with the wafer holder ; the magnet generates a magnetic field for deflecting charged particles incident on the structure , thereby preventing damage to the structure by those particles . accordingly , the structure may be of a material susceptible to erosion during the plasma processing , so that the magnetic field reduces that erosion . the cost of consumable parts in the apparatus is thus reduced . the annular structure may be characterized as a ring having a groove formed therein , with the magnet disposed in the groove . the magnet may be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet . | 7 |
automatic interpretation processing operations , such as character recognition , require a binary image of information - bearing image elements and a background . digital image data produced by scanning a color - containing document frequently contain many different colors so that a division into information - bearing image elements and background is not evident . the invention divides connected components in the digital image into background and other connected components , whereafter the other connected components are allocated , in accordance with a predetermined criterion , either to the background or to a foreground . the foreground connected components are combined into information elements suitable for the automatic interpretation processing . the division into information - bearing image elements and background can be preceded by a color quantisation processing of the digital image data . | 6 |
various embodiments of fuel - fired low nox water heaters are provided with burners having built - in venturi inlet sections for receiving fuel from a source thereof and combustion air from outside of the water heater . the burners are integrated in various manners with flammable vapor ignition resistance platforms to thereby reduce the tooling costs necessary to provide the water heaters with both lowered nox emissions and flammable vapor ignition resistance . | 5 |
1 , 4 &# 34 ;- terphenyl and polymers therefrom are provided . the polymers exhibit high heat distortion temperatures , and high levels of chemical resistance and thermo - oxidative stability . the polymers are useful as molding compositions for making molded articles . | 2 |
apparatus and methods for operating a winch system comprising a wire spooled onto a drum rotatably mounted to a shaft . a permanent magnet is mounted to the drum such that , when an electric current is applied to a coiled winding mounted to the shaft , the drum rotates about the shaft . the winch comprises a first braking system that controls the rotation of the drum about the shaft by controlling the application of the electric current to the coiled winding . the winch also comprises a second braking system that mechanically engages the drum so as to prevent the rotation of the drum about the shaft . the winch is used in conjunction with a control system that facilitates the use of the winch with lifting and supporting personnel working in elevated environments . | 1 |
The giant impact phase of terrestrial planet formation establishes connections between super-Earths’ orbital properties (semimajor axis spacings, eccentricities, mutual inclinations) and interior compositions (the presence or absence of gaseous envelopes). Using N-body simulations and analytic arguments, we show that spacings derive not only from eccentricities, but also from inclinations. Flatter systems attain tighter spacings, a consequence of an eccentricity equilibrium between gravitational scatterings, which increase eccentricities, and mergers, which damp them. Dynamical friction by residual disk gas plays a critical role in regulating mergers and in damping inclinations and eccentricities. Systems with moderate gas damping and high solid surface density spawn gas-enveloped super-Earths with tight spacings, small eccentricities, and small inclinations. Systems in which super-Earths coagulate without as much ambient gas, in disks with low solid surface density, produce rocky planets with wider spacings, larger eccentricities, and larger mutual inclinations. A combination of both populations can reproduce the observed distributions of spacings, period ratios, transiting planet multiplicities, and transit duration ratios exhibited by Kepler super-Earths. The two populations, both formed in situ, also help to explain observed trends of eccentricity versus planet size, and bulk density versus method of mass measurement (radial velocities versus transit timing variations). Simplifications made in this study—including the limited time span of the simulations, and the approximate treatments of gas dynamical friction and gas depletion history—should be improved on in future work to enable a detailed quantitative comparison to the observations. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a device for the torque limitation in a machine for processing means of payment . the invention has use as a device for limiting torque in a machine for processing means of payment , wherein the device for the torque limitation includes two elements transmitting a torque , the two elements having magnets which are disposed in the two elements with an angular distribution of the same kind , the magnets connecting the two elements to each other in a non - positive fashion , and the connection of the two elements being disrupted when a maximum transmittable torque is exceeded . | 8 |
a method for facilitating the delivery of electronic funds and conveying an explanation of benefits to a service provider is described herein . a claim for payment by a service provider is adjudicated by a third party administrator . an electronic funds transfer is generated under a transaction set specification that encodes both payment information as well as an explanation of benefits . the eob indicates which charges were approved and / or which were denied . the eob data is extracted from the eft and an image is generated containing the text of the eob . the image is created in a format that is compatible with the online delivery of posted - paper checks . when the service provider logs into its bank to reconcile charges the eft transaction is noted and the provider clicks on the “ view check ” link to obtain the eob information . | 6 |
We investigate different conditions, including the orbital and size-frequency distribution (SFD) of the early Kuiper Belt, that can trigger catastrophic planetesimal destruction. The goal of this study is to test if there is evidence for collisional grinding in the Kuiper Belt that has occurred since its formation. This analysis has important implications for whether the present-day SFD of the cold classical trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) is a result of collisional equilibrium or if it reflects the primordial stage of planetesimal accretion. As an input to our modeling, we use the most up-to-date debiased OSSOS++ ensemble sample of the TNO population and orbital model based on the present-day architecture of the Kuiper Belt. We calculate the specific impact energies between impactor-target pairs from different TNO groups and compare our computed energies to catastrophic disruption results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We explore different scenarios by considering different total primordial Kuiper Belt masses and power slopes of the SFD and allowing collisions to take place over different timescales. The collisional evolution of the Kuiper Belt is a strong function of the unknown initial mass in the trans-Neptunian region, where collisional grinding of planetesimals requires a total primordial Kuiper Belt mass of M > 5 M <SUB>⊕</SUB>, collision speeds as high as 3 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, and collisions over at least 0.5 Gyr. We conclude that presently, most of the collisions in the trans-Neptunian region are in the cratering rather than disruption regime. Given the low collision rates among the cold classical Kuiper Belt objects, their SFD most likely represents the primordial planetesimal accretion. | 9 |
a cooler device includes an elongate housing for receiving canned drinks . a lid is selectively secured by a catch mechanism for enclosing an open top end of the housing in a closed position of the lid . the housing has an external surface configured to have the appearance of an animal , with the lid being concealed within the external surface of the housing to provide an entertaining and finished appearance to the cooler device . the catch mechanism is also concealed by the external surface of the housing by forming a release button of the catch mechanism to be a facial feature of the animal which decorates the external surface of the housing . | 5 |
devices , systems , and methods for measuring the diameter of an airway in a human or animal subject are disclosed . the device comprises a flexible catheter body having a proximal end and a distal end . flexible sizing elements are disposed along and extend approximately orthogonally from the catheter body . the sizing elements have different heights from one another and are configured to fit through the working channel of a bronchoscope . devices , systems , and methods for redirecting airflow through a lung airway are also disclosed . the method comprises introducing into the airway a catheter comprising a distal end , a proximal end and an elongated portion therebetween , wherein the distal end comprises an airway closing mechanism , and wherein the proximal end comprises an actuator to actuate the airway closing mechanism ; and actuating the airway closing mechanism to at least partially close the airway . | 0 |
a method for monitoring and controlling the thickness of coating on a creping cylinder is disclosed . the methodologies involve a coordinated scheme of apparatuses that function to monitor various aspects of a creping cylinder coating so that the thickness of the coating can be determined . | 3 |
an apparatus for examining the surface of a crystalline sample uses in - plane grazing incidence diffraction with a position - sensitive detector . the x - ray source illuminates an extended region of the sample and , for crystal sections having the appropriate lattice orientation , an elongated diffraction signal is produced . the relative position of the sample and the x - ray beam may then be changed to illuminate different regions of the sample so that the diffraction signal corresponds to these other regions . by scanning across the entire sample , a spatial profile of the sample surface may be generated . the system may be used to locate crystal boundaries , defects , or the presence of attenuating materials on the sample surface . | 6 |
a zoom lens consisting of a front lens portion having a plurality of lens units which are separated from each other by spaces which vary for zooming , and a rear lens portion comprising an image forming relay lens group for introducing rays of light emitted from the front lens portion to an image surface . the rear lens portion consists of a front relay group that is widely spaced ahead of a rear relay group . the rear relay group comprises a first movable lens group having a positive refractive power that moves along the optical axis for macro photography , and a second movable lens group having a positive refractive power that independently moves along the optical axis to adjust tracking . | 6 |
a device for protecting wear of heat transfer tubes in a fluidized - bed boiler is disclosed . the protective device is applied to a portion of a heat transfer tube which is strongly and exceedingly attacked by fluidized bed materials , so that the considerable decrease in service life of a heat transfer tube due to wear caused by the attack of fluidized bed materials can be avoided . | 8 |
an ophthalmic photographic apparatus determines whether an eye under examination is the left eye or the right eye . in accordance with the determination , a corresponding fixation target is presented to a main unit , and a reference mark corresponding to the eye under examination , which is stored in a memory , is displayed on a monitor . an alignment mark projected onto and reflected from the anterior eye portion and the reference mark are displayed on the monitor , and hence alignment appropriate for the left and right eyes can be performed . | 0 |
a disk recording and reproducing device includes a chassis , a disk holder movably mounted on the chassis for holding an information storage disk , an eject lever slidably mounted on the chassis , a side panel mounted on the chassis , an ejector button mounted on the chassis for actuating the eject lever , a slide member slidably mounted on the side panel substantially parallel to the eject lever and actuatable in response to sliding movement on the eject lever for substantially vertically moving the disk holder between unload and load positions , the eject lever having an engagement tongue projecting toward and engaging the slide member in a direction across the direction in which the slide member is slidable . | 6 |
a hanger is adapted for retaining and hanging objects . the hanger includes a hook having first and second ends , a bead being attached to the second end . the hook defines an upper portion of the hanger . a lower hanger portion includes a spiral - shaped body having first and second ends , the second end being free to accept objects for hanging on the lower hanger portion . the first end of the lower hanger portion is coiled around the second end of the hook upper portion of the hanger . | 0 |
the sunglasses structure comprises a front piece , an arm hinged to each end of the front piece , and a one - piece lens supported by the front piece . a milling is formed in the lens which is substantially v - shaped , with inwardly protruding coupling elements . a v - shaped elastically deformable bridge is insertable into the milling . the bridge has a perimetral groove for accommodating a perimetral portion of the milling and a plurality of seats accommodating the coupling elements , which snap into engagement with the seats upon inserting bridge into the milling . air vents are provided at a lateral portion of the lens for preventing misting . | 6 |
The winds of massive stars have an impact on stellar evolution and on the surrounding medium. The maximum speed reached by these outflows, the terminal wind speed, is a global wind parameter and an essential input for models of stellar atmospheres and feedback. With the arrival of the ULLYSES programme, a legacy UV spectroscopic survey with HST, we have the opportunity to quantify the wind speeds of massive stars at sub-solar metallicity (in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, 0.5Z and 0.2Z) at an unprecedented scale. We empirically quantify the wind speeds of a large sample of OB stars, including supergiants, giants, and dwarfs at sub-solar metallicity. Using these measurements, we investigate trends of terminal wind speed with a number of fundamental stellar parameters, namely effective temperature, metallicity, and surface escape velocity. We empirically determined the terminal wind speed for a sample of 149 OB stars in the Magellanic Clouds either by directly measuring the maximum velocity shift of the absorption component of the Civ 1548-1550 line profile, or by fitting synthetic spectra produced using the Sobolev with exact integration method. Stellar parameters were either collected from the literature, obtained using spectral-type calibrations, or predicted from evolutionary models. We find strong trends of terminal wind speed with effective temperature and surface escape speed when the wind is strong enough to cause a saturated P Cygni profile in Civ 1548-1550. We find evidence for a metallicity dependence on the terminal wind speed proportional to Z^0.22+-0.03 when we compared our results to previous Galactic studies. Our results suggest that effective temperature rather than surface escape speed should be used as a straightforward empirical prediction of terminal wind speed and that the observed metallicity dependence is steeper than suggested by earlier works. | 9 |
The internal angular momentum distribution of a star is the key to determining its evolution. Fortunately, stellar internal rotation can be probed through studies of rotationally split nonradial oscillation modes. In particular, the detection of nonradial gravity modes (g modes) in massive young stars has recently become feasible thanks to the Kepler space mission. Our goal is to derive the internal rotation profile of the Kepler B8V star KIC 10526294 through asteroseismology. We interpret the observed rotational splittings of its dipole g modes using four different approaches based on the best seismic models of the star and their rotational kernels. We show that these kernels can resolve differential rotation within the radiative envelope if a smooth rotational profile is assumed and if the observational errors are small. Based on Kepler data, we find that the rotation rate near the core-envelope boundary is well constrained to 163 ± 89 nHz. The seismic data are consistent with rigid rotation but a profile with counter-rotation within the envelope has a statistical advantage over constant rotation. Our study should be repeated for other massive stars with a variety of stellar parameters in order to determine the physical conditions that control the internal rotation profile of young massive stars, with the aim of improving the input physics of their models. | 9 |
disclosed is a method and apparatus for highly stably and accurately generating a pal video signal by digital processing . the method and apparatus comprise generating a basic clock having a frequency which is 11 × n times as high as a horizontal synchronization frequency f h , producing digital data of orthogonal color subcarriers , color difference signals and a luminance signal respectively with the timing of the basic clock , multiplying the digital data d b - y d r - y of the color difference signals by the digital data dsin and dcos of the color subcarriers respectively to obtain digital data of two kinds of modulation signals , adding the digital data d y + s of the luminance signal to the digital data of the two modulation signals , and effecting digital / analog conversion of the addition to provide the pal video signal . | 7 |
a ballot marking system and apparatus for marking a paper ballot listing a plurality of candidates which includes a marking space for each candidate which can be either hand - marked by a voter , or machine - marked by the marking apparatus . the marking apparatus includes a touchscreen device on which the voter can enter his selections . the touchscreen is pivotally mounted atop the ballot marking apparatus such that it fits within a recess in the apparatus housing when in its closed position , and is ergonomically presented to the voter when in its open position . | 6 |
methods and apparatus for shifting perspective in a composite image derived from a plurality of images including a first image as a center of projection , and a modified version of a second image that is corrected for perspective distortion relative to the first image . a user input specifies a change in perspective to make the second image the center of projection . in response , a transformation is determined for mapping reference points in the modified version of the second image to reference points in the original , uncorrected second image . the transformation is applied to each of the plurality of images in the composite image , and the transformed images are merged to form a second composite image that has the second image as its center of projection . the methods and apparatus can be implemented as an interactive tool capable of changing perspective based on a single user input . | 6 |
an adjustable optical attenuator using s - type wave - guide comprises a cladding layer having a first refraction index and forming a slot therein ; and a core layer embedded in the slot of the cladding layer and having a second refraction index sensitive to temperature change , wherein light is transmitted through the core layer , and light attenuation varies according to the temperature of the core layer . | 6 |
Very recently, diffuse gamma-rays with 0.1 PeV < E<SUB>γ</SUB> < 1 PeV have been discovered from the Galactic disk by the Tibet air shower array and muon detector array (Tibet AS+MD array). While the measured sub-PeV flux may be compatible with the hadronic origin in the conventional Galactic cosmic-ray propagation model, we find that it is in possible tension with the nondetection of Galactic neutrino emissions by the IceCube neutrino telescope. We further find that the presence of an extra cosmic-ray component of relatively hard spectrum, which is probably related to the Cygnus Cocoon region and other PeV cosmic-ray sources in the Galactic disk, would alleviate the tension. This scenario implies the existence of an extreme accelerator of either protons or electrons beyond PeV in the Cygnus region, and predicts the continuation of the gamma-ray spectrum of Cygnus Cocoon up to 1 PeV with a possible hardening beyond ∼30-100 TeV. | 9 |
a noise reduction device is provided that mounts at the intersection of a pair of spokes of a bicycle wheel . the noise reduction device can also have magnetic properties for use with a bicycle monitoring device . in a preferred embodiment , the noise reduction device is a magnetic device that has a body portion and a magnet . the body portion has at least one spoke - receiving recess on one side , and at least another spoke - receiving recess on the other side . in an alternate embodiment , the spoke - receiving recesses are irregularly shaped , so as to accommodate a variety of spoke angles . when the magnetic device is used with a monitoring device , it communicates with a sensing device , which is adapted to be coupled to a portion of the bicycle that is adjacent to a wheel of the bicycle . a display unit is adapted to be mounted on handlebars of the bicycle for displaying the speed of the bicycle or other information obtained from sensing the rotation of the wheel . | 1 |
a magnetic bubble domain package suitable for single or multiple chips in which the coil assembly for producing the rotating magnetic field necessary for bubble movement and logical operations to be performed on these chips comprises a pair of coils wound on a magnetic body in orthogonal relationship with respect to each other which is located external to said chip or chips in order to reduce coil size and power requirements . the package employs an open bias field magnet assembly which comprises an open - ended tubular housing constructed of shielding material and having permanent magnets mounted therein with soft magnetic plates disposed on the permanent magnets . an alternate embodiment employs only a single permanent magnet and a single soft magnetic plate secured within the tubular housing , and uses the magnetic body of the coil assembly as part of the bias field assembly . the chip substructure which is served by this bias field assembly employs a metal plate as an image current producer to increase the uniformity of the drive field . an interconnect member constructed of a thin film of insulating material with electrical conductors disposed thereon is used to provide the interface between the external signal leads of the package and the magnetic bubble domain chip . | 6 |
an elastomeric gripping element is supported and mounted by a housing and is configured to have an interference fit under normal conditions with the surface of the object to be gripped . the housing and the surface to be gripped are separated by a gap . for gripping mating with the surface , the elastomeric gripping element is initially stretched by operative means in the housing element in an axial direction parallel to the generating element of the comating surface to be gripped , with an attendant reduction in its cross - sectional thickness perpendicular to the direction of stretch . in this manner , the gripping element interference with the comating surface of the object to be gripped is minimized or eliminated for installation . when positioning for the installation mating is accomplished , the gripping element tension is selectively released , permitting the gripping element to attempt to return to an unstretched position and thereby to assume a preloaded position against the comating surface . release of the gripped object is accomplished by retensioning the elastomeric gripping element . the gripping element may be repeatably disengaged and reengaged by selectably restretching the gripping element and then selectably releasing it upon completion of repositioning . | 5 |
a material transport and distribution consist including an offloading car , a generator car , and hopper cars . the offloading car includes a rotatable conveyor that can offload materials forward of and to the sides of the car . the generator car powers a plurality of hopper car conveyors . the hopper cars include a longitudinal conveyor that overlaps with conveyors of forward - and aft - located cars to enable transport of materials between cars and while the cars are negotiating a turn in the tracks . the hopper car hoppers are divided into chutes with respective guillotine - style gates . each gate includes a resilient panel that flexes to enable closure of the gate without binding on materials exiting therefrom . a control system is provided to manage the gates and conveyors during offloading based on sensed characteristics of the operation thereof . an interlock system is also provided to initiate a cascading shutdown routine when a fault is detected . | 4 |
a probe for physiological pressure measurement in a human or animal body comprises a probe head , a line such as a catheter , and a pressure transducer , particularly an electric transducer , in the probe head . for measuring pressure , the probe head with the pressure transducer is disposed at a measuring site for pressure measurement , with the probe head being adapted for connection to an analyzer and display unit via the line . a counter or controller means is provided for recording a number of operational applications of the probe . | 0 |
We calculate and analyse the distribution of period ratios observed in systems of Kepler exoplanet candidates including studies of both adjacent planet pairs and all planet pairs. These distributions account for both the geometrical bias against detecting more distant planets and the effects of incompleteness due to planets missed by the data reduction pipeline. In addition to some of the known features near first-order mean-motion resonances (MMRs), there is a significant excess of planet pairs with period ratios near 2.2. The statistical significance of this feature is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. We also investigate the distribution of period ratios near first-order MMR and compare different quantities used to measure this distribution. We find that beyond period ratios of ∼2.5, the distribution of all period ratios follows a power law with an exponent -1.26 ± 0.05. We discuss implications that these results may have on the formation and dynamical evolution of Kepler-like planetary systems-systems of sub-Neptune/super-Earth planets with relatively short orbital periods. | 9 |
a deodorizing air filter is capable of improving the strength and deodorizing ability while suppressing an increase of ventilation resistance and pressure loss . a filter body has a series of filter pieces which are formed into a zigzagged shape by folding along multiple folds of parallel lines of the filter element . the filter body is made of the deodorizing section and the filtering section formed alternatively , the filtering section of the air serves as a filter and deodorizer for the air , and the deodorizing section serves as a deodorizer for the air . as the deodorizing section does not serve as a filter , it is not necessary to make the pitch of each piece of the filtering section smaller . as a result , it is possible to suppress the increase of ventilation resistance and pressure loss . | 1 |
a piezoelectric coupled mode turning fork using the fundamental vibration of a flexural mode coupled with the fundamental mode of torsion . the fundamental frequency of the torsional mode is adjusted by masses near the side edges of the tine tips , and the fundamental frequency of the flexural mode being adjusted by masses near the center of the tine tips which are nodes of the fundamental torsional mode . | 7 |
a process provides automated coherent documentation of the construction of variably configured assemblies and systems , which consist of mechanical , electrical or electronic subassemblies or components using relational database software . a relational database software program is used to define the location of subassemblies or components within the final assembly or system , define important configuration information for the subassemblies and define the interconnection of the subassemblies within the assembly or system . this process improves upon prior art utilizing schematics , assembly drawings , parts lists and configuration logs based upon ansi standard documentation practices by reducing the time required to produce such documentation and improving the accuracy of such documentation . the use of a relational database allows for various data manipulations that may be desirable such as error prevention error detection , data analysis and specified searches . | 8 |
provided is a thermal displacement correction device for a working machine that includes a thermal displacement correction amount calculation unit for calculating a thermal displacement correction amount and configured to correct a thermal displacement amount caused by heat generated and radiated from the working machine and changing with time by the thermal displacement correction amount , the thermal displacement correction device for the working machine including : a correction error coefficient storage memory ; a correction precision calculation unit configured to calculate the correction precision of the thermal displacement correction amount based on the thermal displacement correction amount and the correction error coefficient ; and a correction precision degradation notification unit . | 6 |
a solid polymeric electrolyte comprising a continuous network of crosslinked polyethylene oxide containing an ionic conducting phase which includes a metal salt and a dipolar aprotic solvent . | 7 |
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