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a computer system includes compute nodes coupled through a switch to shared or non - shared i / o devices . the switch includes a pool of bridge headers and virtual bridges coupling a root port of a compute node to each of one or more shared or non - shared i / o devices . the switch is configured to associate each of the virtual bridges with a respective one of the fixed pool of bridge headers , receive a packet including data identifying the root port and a shared or non - shared i / o device , and route the packet in response to comparing data in the packet to data in the bridge headers associated with the virtual bridges . the virtual bridges comprise a hierarchy of virtual bridges in which one virtual bridge connects the root port to the remaining virtual bridges of the hierarchy . the switch may change the associations between virtual bridges and bridge headers . | 6 |
The observation of energetic X-ray emission from black holes, inconsistent with thermal emission from an accretion disk, has long indicated the presence of a "corona" around these objects. However, our knowledge of the geometry, composition, and processes within black hole coronae is severely lacking. Basic questions regarding their size and location are still a topic of debate. In this Letter, we show that for black holes with luminosities L >~ 10<SUP>-2</SUP> L <SUB>Edd</SUB>—characteristic of many Seyferts, quasars, and stellar-mass black holes (in their brighter states)—advanced imaging and timing data strongly favor X-ray emitting regions that are highly compact, and only a few Gravitational radii above the accretion disk. The inclusion of a large number of possible systematics uncertainties does not significantly change this conclusion with our results still suggesting emission from within ~20r <SUB>g</SUB> in all cases. This result favors coronal models wherein most of the hard X-ray emission derives from magnetic reconnection in the innermost disk and/or from processes in the compact base of a central, relativistic jet. | 9 |
Context. RX J1604.3-2130A is a young, dipper-type, variable star in the Upper Scorpius association, suspected to have an inclined inner disk, with respect to its face-on outer disk. <BR /> Aims: We aim to study the eclipses to constrain the inner disk properties. <BR /> Methods: We used time-resolved photometry from the Rapid Eye Mount telescope and Kepler 2 data to study the multi-wavelength variability, and archival optical and infrared data to track accretion, rotation, and changes in disk structure. <BR /> Results: The observations reveal details of the structure and matter transport through the inner disk. The eclipses show 5 d quasi-periodicity, with the phase drifting in time and some periods showing increased/decreased eclipse depth and frequency. Dips are consistent with extinction by slightly processed dust grains in an inclined, irregularly-shaped inner disk locked to the star through two relatively stable accretion structures. The grains are located near the dust sublimation radius (~0.06 au) at the corotation radius, and can explain the shadows observed in the outer disk. The total mass (gas and dust) required to produce the eclipses and shadows is a few % of a Ceres mass. Such an amount of mass is accreted/replenished by accretion in days to weeks, which explains the variability from period to period. Spitzer and WISE infrared variability reveal variations in the dust content in the innermost disk on a timescale of a few years, which is consistent with small imbalances (compared to the stellar accretion rate) in the matter transport from the outer to the inner disk. A decrease in the accretion rate is observed at the times of less eclipsing variability and low mid-IR fluxes, confirming this picture. The v sin i = 16 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> confirms that the star cannot be aligned with the outer disk, but is likely close to equator-on and to be aligned with the inner disk. This anomalous orientation is a challenge for standard theories of protoplanetary disk formation. <P />Full Tables 1 and 2 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/633/A37">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/633/A37</A> <P />Based on observations made with the REM Telescope, INAF Chile, Program ID 37902. | 9 |
the invention relates to an apparatus for feeding thread in a sewing machine . the apparatus includes a thread feeding pass , a base tension disc , a thread holding device , an encoder , and a thread feeding device . the thread feeding device includes a presser roller and a feeding roller driven synchronously with a sewing needle . when a predetermined length of thread is fed to a thread take - up lever , the thread holding device is actuated to hold and stop the thread without stopping rotation of the thread feeding rollers such that the thread slips on the feeding rollers . | 3 |
an anchoring device for a tension member of an earth - or rock anchor , where a support element transmitting the tensile force is arranged between an anchoring element undisplaceably connected with the tension member and an anchor plate abuttable against a support base , the support element includes a cylindrical hollow body surrounding the anchoring element , whose inner wall has in its lower region projections protruding inward beyond its inner contour , against which the anchoring element abuts in a force - transmitting manner with partial regions of its cross - sectional area . if a predetermined tensile force is exceeded , the support element and / or the anchoring element can plastically deform in the region of their inter - engaging surfaces , so that a relative displacement occurs in axial direction . distance or spacer pins are provided in a head plate placed upon the tension member for visual indication of the relative displacement , which after contact with the surface of the hollow body exit upwards from the head plate . | 4 |
an apparatus for monitoring a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal transmitted onto a main optical path includes : an amplified spontaneous light emitter for generating an amplified spontaneous emission signal and transmitting the same to onto a reference optical path ; at least one fiber bragg grating for sending out an amplified spontaneous emission signal having a reference wavelength by reflecting or absorbing only that part of the amplified spontaneous emission signal which consists of a reflection wavelength or an absorbance wavelength ; an optical switch for outputting at least one of the wavelength division multiplexed optical signals branched from the main optical path or one of the amplified spontaneous emissions including the reference wavelengths in response to a switching control signal input ; a tunable optical filter for filtering the optical signal outputted from the optical switch using varied filter characteristics , and for outputting the filtered optical signal ; and a control unit for measuring an optical wavelength , an optical power and an optical signal to noise ratio of the wavelength division multiplexed optical signal based on the analyzed reference wavelength . | 7 |
a cmos device includes first and second wells formed in first and second regions of a semiconductor substrate , respectively . first and second transistors are formed in the respective wells . a third transistor is formed in a third region of the semiconductor substrate outside of the wells . a first impurity layer is formed in the vicinity of the depletion region of at least one but not more than two of the first , second , and third regions , and a second impurity layer , deeper than the first impurity layer , is formed in the region of the substrate in which the first impurity layer is not formed . a method for manufacturing such a cmos device enables the punch - through voltage characteristics of the first , second , and third transistors to be optimally different , without requiring any additional , separate mask processing steps . | 7 |
The latest improvements in the scale and calibration of Type Ia supernovae catalogues allow us to constrain the specific nature and evolution of dark energy through its effect on the expansion history of the universe. We present the results of Bayesian cosmological model comparison on the SNe~Ia catalogue Pantheon+, where Flat $\Lambda$CDM is preferred by the data over all other models and we find moderate evidence ($\Delta \log \mathcal{Z} \sim 2.5$) to reject a number of the alternate dark energy models. The effect of peculiar velocity corrections on model comparison is analysed, where we show that removing the peculiar velocity corrections results in a varying fit on non-$\Lambda$CDM parameters. As well as comparing cosmological models, the Bayesian methodology is extended to comparing the scatter model of the data, testing for non-gaussianity in the Pantheon+ Hubble residuals. We find that adding a scale parameter to the Pantheon+ covariances, or alternately using a multivariate Student's t-distribution fits the data better than the fiducial analysis, producing a cosmology independent evidence increase of $\Delta \log \mathcal{Z} = 2.29 $ and $2.46$ respectively. This improved treatment of the scatter decreases the uncertainty in the constraint on the Hubble constant, finding $H_0 = 73.67 \pm 0.99 $ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, in $ 5.7 \sigma$ tension with Planck. We also explore $M_B$ transition models as a potential solution for the Hubble tension, finding no evidence to support these models among the SNe data. | 9 |
Fully Bioresorbable Hybrid Opto-Electronic Neural Implant System for Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Optogenetic Stimulation MATLAB codes for Figure S12, S16, and S17 with raw data | 9 |
a system for enforcing license terms between the creators of software applications running on virtual machines in network - attached embedded systems , and the users of these software applications , allows trial and demo versions of the software applications , where the user can install and use the software application for a limited time or number of executions , or with a limited feature set . when the software applications are purchased , the restrictions are lifted by the issuing of a unique license key eliminating the need for user - specific builds and redistributing of the software application . the system includes an application manager client in the embedded system designating a software application license request to a predefined web server ; a webservice running on the web server that receives the request , validates the user - identifying data , issues a unique license key , and forwards this key to the application manager client ; and a license data base containing validated user information . | 7 |
a method of extracting sections of a data stream , the sections including a set of sequences . each sequence is encoded separately and coupled together to define a section . the method involves determining a combination of at least two sequences of the set , comparing the combination of sequences with sequences in the data stream , and rejecting or accepting extraction of the section of the data stream based upon the result of the comparison . if the combination of sequences does not include a start and end marker for the section , a search for the start and end markers is carried out before the section is extracted . | 6 |
a well may intersect a mineral bearing stratum . a fracturing fluid in the nature of a non - participating gas may be injected into the stratum at high rates of flow , to yield a high down hole pressure , and a time v . pressure pulse extending over a period of time . a second pulse may follow the first pulse in relatively quick succession . there may be pauses , or period of relative relaxation between the pulses . | 4 |
a catalyst for alkali - free purification of oil raw material , consisting of a metalocomplex selected from the group consisting of a solid metalocomplex and a liquid metalocomplex with a general formula 2 o 2 - 4 1 - 4 , where l 1 is amino alcohol l 2 is acetonitrol or single atom alcohol . | 1 |
Version of UaMITgcm used for Naughten et al 2020 simulations in the Weddell Sea (WSFRIS case) | 9 |
Context. A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain molten due to intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations favour the detection and characterisation of hot planets, potentially with large outgassed atmospheres. <BR /> Aims: We aim to determine the radius of hot Earth-like planets with large outgassing atmospheres. Our goal is to explore the differences between molten and solid silicate planets on the mass-radius relationship and transmission and emission spectra. <BR /> Methods: An interior-atmosphere model was combined with static structure calculations to track the evolving radius of a hot rocky planet that outgasses CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O. We generated synthetic emission and transmission spectra for CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O dominated atmospheres. <BR /> Results: Atmospheres dominated by CO<SUB>2</SUB> suppress the outgassing of H<SUB>2</SUB>O to a greater extent than previously realised since previous studies applied an erroneous relationship between volatile mass and partial pressure. We therefore predict that more H<SUB>2</SUB>O can be retained by the interior during the later stages of magma ocean crystallisation. Formation of a surface lid can tie the outgassing of H<SUB>2</SUB>O to the efficiency of heat transport through the lid, rather than the radiative timescale of the atmosphere. Contraction of the mantle, as it cools from molten to solid, reduces the radius by around 5%, which can partly be offset by the addition of a relatively light species (e.g. H<SUB>2</SUB>O versus CO<SUB>2</SUB>) to the atmosphere. <BR /> Conclusions: A molten silicate mantle can increase the radius of a terrestrial planet by around 5% compared to its solid counterpart, or equivalently account for a 13% decrease in bulk density. An outgassing atmosphere can perturb the total radius, according to its composition, notably the abundance of light versus heavy volatile species. Atmospheres of terrestrial planets around M-stars that are dominated by CO<SUB>2</SUB> or H<SUB>2</SUB>O can be distinguished by observing facilities with extended wavelength coverage (e.g. JWST). | 9 |
a method and apparatus are provided for sharing multipath - accessible memory between a plurality of processors , the method including connecting the plurality of processors in read / write communication to a same shared memory region ; connecting the plurality of processors in read communication to a same semaphore area ; selectably connecting one of the plurality of processors in write communication to the same semaphore area ; exchanging shared memory access command messages between two processors for negotiating access to the same shared memory region ; and storing protected variables indicative of the currently negotiated access to the same shared memory region in the same semaphore area , wherein the shared memory region has a channel relative to each processor , each channel having at least one buffer disposed for transferring a plurality of data packets in a burst mode . | 6 |
method and apparatus for high - sensitivity optoacoustic spectroscopy of substantially transparent bulk condensed matter . part of the sample to be investigated is irradiated by pulses of radiation , typically from a pulsed dye laser . the small amount of energy absorbed by the sample causes thermal expansion of the irradiated region , resulting in cylindrical stress waves being radiated from that region . these stress waves can be observed with appropriate detection means at a location remote from the source . the method is applicable to essentially transparent liquids , and solids , and to absorptive solids suspended in liquids , and the like . possible choices of probe radiation are not only the conventional ones of visible , near uv , and near infrared electromagnetic radiation , but also , for instance , γ - rays , x - rays , vacuum uv , and far infrared . two conditions are shown to exist that relate pulse duration , beam size , and various material parameters , observation of which results in optimization of the sensitivity of the method , and the sensitivity is typically highest for pulses having duration of about 10 - 7 sec - 10 - 4 sec . | 6 |
a process for producing a 4 - acetoxyazetidinone represented by formula : ## str1 ## wherein z represents a hydrogen atom , a lower alkyl group , or a protected or unprotected hydroxyethyl group ; and w represents a hydrogen atom , a lower alkyl group , or a group of -- coor 1 , wherein r 1 represents a lower alkyl group , is disclosed , which comprises reacting an azetidinone represented by formula : ## str2 ## wherein z is as defined above ; and y represents a hydrogen atom , carboxyl group , a lower alkyl group , or a group of -- coor 1 , wherein r 1 represents a lower alkyl group , with acetic acid and an oxidizing agent in the presence of , as a catalyst , an anhydrous or hydrous osmium compound represented by osx 3 , wherein x represents a chlorine atom , a bromine atom , or an iodine atom . | 2 |
an apparatus and a method for robotic control that allows an unbalanced pendulum robot to raise its center of mass and balance on two motorized wheels . the robot includes a pair of arms that are connected to the upper body of the robot through motorized joints . the method consists of a series of movements employing the arms of the robot to raise the robot to the upright position . the method comprises a control loop in which the motorized drives are included for dynamic balance of the robot and the control of the arm apparatus . the robot is first configured as a low center of mass four - wheeled vehicle , then its center of mass is raised using a combination of its wheels and the joint located at the attachment point of the arm apparatus and the robot body , between the rear and front wheels ; the method then applies accelerations to the rear wheels to dynamically pivot and further raise the center of mass up and over the main drive wheels bringing the robot into a balancing pendulum configuration . | 8 |
According to various estimates, brown dwarfs (BD) should account for up to 25 percent of all objects in the Galaxy. However, few of them are discovered and well-studied, both individually and as a population. Homogeneous and complete samples of brown dwarfs are needed for these kinds of studies. Due to their weakness, spectral studies of brown dwarfs are rather laborious. For this reason, creating a significant reliable sample of brown dwarfs, confirmed by spectroscopic observations, seems unattainable at the moment. Numerous attempts have been made to search for and create a set of brown dwarfs using their colours as a decision rule applied to a vast amount of survey data. In this work, we use machine learning methods such as Random Forest Classifier, XGBoost, SVM Classifier and TabNet on PanStarrs DR1, 2MASS and WISE data to distinguish L and T brown dwarfs from objects of other spectral and luminosity classes. The explanation of the models is discussed. We also compare our models with classical decision rules, proving their efficiency and relevance. | 9 |
This is a new release for the paper: Protein shape sampled by ion mobility mass spectrometry consistently improves protein structure prediction. This release contains all data, scripts to regenerate all figures within the paper. Full Changelog: https://github.com/smturzo/IMMS/commits/v.1.0.0 | 9 |
a counterholding tool for absorbing torque while tightening screws or the like , which has an element for engaging the screw nut and a stop . the element and the stop are movable relative to one another , and a releasable locking mechanism is provided by means of which the position of the two components relative to one another can be fixed . . | 1 |
an exterior mirror system for a motor vehicle includes a housing and a coupling arm . the coupling arm is adapted to couple the housing to a body of the motor vehicle . the exterior mirror system also includes a deployable panel substantially resident in the housing in a stowed position and extending toward the body in a deployed position . | 1 |
a trailer coupler pivot assembly comprising a pivot mount member connected to a trailer frame member and a hinge bracket connected to a trailer tongue arm . the hinge bracket is pivotally connected to the pivot mount member so that the trailer tongue arm is pivotal relative to the trailer frame member between an open position and a closed position . however , either of the pivot mount member or the hinge bracket comprises a single , prefabricated component to make assembly more efficient and cost effective . with both the pivot mount member and the hinge bracket being single , prefabricate components , the trailer coupler pivot assembly can be more easily installed with fewer components and welds and by less skilled labor . | 1 |
the complexity and training time of decision - feedback equalization structures for use in broadband wireless communications are reduced . a modified dfe structure is able to pre - cancel postcursors in the received signal without requiring training of the feedback filter . in the modified dfe structure , an estimated channel impulse response is used in the feedback section . the output of the feedback section is passed to the feedforward filter to cancel the postcursors before convolving the result of the cancellation with the feedforward filter tap gains . therefore , only the feedforward filter needs to be trained . in broadband wireless channels , the modified dfe structure can potentially speed up the training process by ten to twenty times compared to conventional structures . | 7 |
Very recently Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations have independently reported the evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB), which can unveil the formation of primordial seeds of inhomogeneities in the early universe. With the SGWB parameters inferred from PTAs data, we can make a prediction of the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) clusters from the domain walls of axion-like particles (ALPs). These primordial seeds can naturally provide a solution to the early Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) formation indicated by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Besides, the mass of ALP is also constrained, $m_a \sim 10^{-15}-10^{-14}$ eV, within the reach of upcoming cavity experiments. | 9 |
a pvd process and apparatus for depositing a coating from multiple sources of different materials . the process and apparatus are particularly intended to deposit a beta - nickel aluminide coating containing zirconium , hafnium , yttrium and / or cerium , whose vapor pressures are sufficiently lower than nial to require a different evaporation rate in order to achieve higher deposition rates and better control of the coating chemistry . the pvd process and apparatus entail feeding at least two materials into a coating chamber and melting the materials at different rates to form separate molten pools thereof . articles to be coated are suspended within the coating chamber , and transported with a support apparatus relative to the two molten pools so as to deposit a coating with a controlled composition that is a mixture of the first and second materials . | 2 |
a safety device for a motor vehicle , having an inflatable airbag which , to protect a vehicle occupant on a vehicle seat — in particular when an accident or a hazardous situation occurs — is inflated and deployed laterally next to the vehicle occupant , and having a supporting device which interacts with the airbag and prevents or at least reduces a lateral movement of the airbag when the vehicle occupant plunges into the airbag . | 1 |
a method for preparing substituted triazines includes reacting a phenylazoaniline with a cyanuric halide to produce a phenylamino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine , which is then reduced to form an aminoanilino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine . the aminoanilino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine can be alkylated under reducing conditions to produce an n - alkyl - phenylenediamino - 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine such as 2 , 4 , 5 - tris -- 1 , 3 , 5 - triazine , which is useful as an antiozonant in rubber and other polymer formulations . | 2 |
a cable temperature measurement circuit includes a heating circuit which comprises a series connection of a current generator , the cable to be heated and a high current shunt and a testing circuit which includes a low current generator , the cable and a low current shunt . additional circuit means are provided which generate a signal in response to the relative voltage drops across the cable and across either of the high current or low current shunts . an indicator responses to the signal thus generated to provide a readout showing cable temperature . | 6 |
an accommodative intraocular lens system is disclosed for insertion into an eye to provide accommodative vision , the system including a deformable air chamber filled with a transparent , low refractive index medium disposed between the first and second optics ; and at least one haptic connected to the air chamber and configured to facilitate a change in the curvature of at least one surface of the chamber , such that when the lens system is positioned in an eye , cilliary muscle movements can alter the curvature of the air chamber and vary the overall lens power of the system . | 0 |
Star formation in disk galaxies is observed to follow the empirical Kennicutt-Schmidt law, a power-law relationship between the surface density of gas ($\Sigma_{gas}$) [$\textrm{M}_{\odot}\; \textrm{kpc}^{-2}$] and the star formation rate ($\Sigma_{SFR}$) [$\textrm{M}_{\odot}\; \textrm{kpc}^{-2} \; \textrm{Gyr}^{-1}$]. In contrast to disk galaxies, early-type galaxies (ETGs) are typically associated with little to no star formation and therefore no Kennicutt-Schmidt law; recent observations, however, have noted the presence of massive gaseous cold disks in ETGs, raising the question as to why the conversion of gas into stars is so inefficient. With our latest simulations, performed with our high-resolution hydrodynamic numerical code MACER, we reevaluate the traditional classification of ETGs as quiescent, dead galaxies. We predict the inevitable formation of stellar disks following cooling episodes of the ISM of the host galaxy in the presence of galactic rotation via a simple but robust star formation model combining local Toomre instabilities and local gas cooling timescales. We find that resolved Kennicutt-Schmidt star formation laws for our simulated ETGs, in both surface density and volumetric forms, reproduce the observed threshold, slope, and normalization observed in disk galaxies. At the same time, through analysis of global Kennicutt-Schmidt laws, we suggest that increased star formation and high gaseous outflows offers a partial remedy to the observed star formation inefficiency problem. Observational checks of our star formation predictions are thus essential for confirming the form of local star formation laws and reassessing star formation inefficiency in ETGs. | 9 |
an electronic animal stunning system is disclosed , wherein animals can be continuously stunned while being moved through a stunning passageway , and wherein the current for the stunning process utilizes a series of electrodes for sequentially contacting the animal to be stunned and providing the stunning current . in particular , a series of pivotally mounted overhead electrode paddles are provided , wherein each paddle in the series of paddles pivots when contacted by the animal &# 39 ; s head and slides across the face of the animal &# 39 ; s head thereby setting up an electric current through the animal &# 39 ; s head . the present invention is particularly useful for the slaughtering of hogs . | 0 |
glazing article comprises a substrate bearing a substantially transparent coating comprising an optically functional layer and a thinner anti - iridescence layer undercoat mediate the optically functional layer and the substrate . the anti - iridescence layer eliminates or substantially reduces iridescence and , in addition , is readily designed to make the overall coating colorless or to provide a substantially uniform , muted color . the anti - iridescence layer comprises a high refractive index zone on the substrate , having a refractive index higher than that of the substrate . multiple gradient step zones are stacked on the high refractive index zone , including a low refractive index zone . a second gradient step zone having a refractive index higher than that of the first gradient step zone is positioned on the low refractive index zone , such that the low refractive index zone is directly sandwiched between the two higher refractive index zones . anti - iridescence is provided for a wide variety of optically functional layers without significant impairment of the optical performance thereof . | 2 |
a digital - to - analog converter circuit includes a pair of output stages , each including a dac configured to convert a digital audio signal into an analog audio signal . a low - pass filter circuit includes an operational amplifier in signal communication with the dac . the operation amplifier generates a filtered analog signal based on the analog audio signal . an amplifier network generates an amplified audio signal based on the filtered analog signal . the operational amplifier includes a feedback circuit path including a first node connected to the output of the amplifier network and a second node connected to the input of the operational amplifier . the amplifier network is electrically nested in the feedback circuit path . | 7 |
a porous filter for metal hot melt comprises ceramic aggregate particles bound by an inorganic binder . the aggregate particles contain not less than 50 wt % of particles with a shape factor in the range of 100 to 130 and the binder has needle - shaped crystals deposited on the surface thereof . by employing this filter , debris catching ability and initial impregnation of metal hot melt are highly improved . | 1 |
novel polymer - associated liposomes containing a liposome , and a polymer having a plurality of acid moieties , like sulfonic acid moieties , carboxyl moieties , or phosphonic acid moieties , in a salt form are disclosed . drug compositions containing a pal and a drug are administered to individuals suffering from a disease , and the drug is released , in vivo , to treat the disease , and to reduce , eliminate , or reverse complications associated with the disease . | 0 |
the invention contemplates an electrical network associated with a throttle - control potentiometer whereby a standard commercially available linear potentiometer having an given angle of electrical - resistance variation may be employed , over an entire lesser angle range of throttle rotation , to provide an output voltage which , for an initial fraction of throttle displacement , is a predetermined substantially linear variation of a given input voltage , and which , for the remaining fraction of throttle displacement , remains substantially constant at the level of the upper end of the linearly varying fraction . a feature of the invention is that the slope and extent of linear variation are selectable , without modification of the linear potentiometer . | 5 |
a collapsible bag for use in containing and dispensing a liquid , such as in a bag - in - box arrangement , and a method for making the bag , wherein an elongated reinforcing strip is attached to the outside surface of one of the bag walls and extends from adjacent to the spout to remote therefrom , and a plurality of grooves are provided in the strip and also in the portion of the bag wall attached to the reinforcing strip , thus providing liquid passageways inside of the bag to achieve complete withdrawal of the liquid from the bag as the bag collapses , without the expense and complication of having to insert a separate dipstrip member into the bag and to connect it to the spout . | 1 |
the subject invention relates to a precision injection molding of multi - piece parts and the subsequent handling and assembly of those parts produced from the mold . in an exemplary embodiment , a surgical suture package with a top part and a bottom part is molded and assembled . in such a method and system , the top parts and bottom parts are first molded utilizing a family mold and then are transferred to a stacker . the stacker is able to stack the top part and bottom part on top of one another on a pallet . the parts are then transported to a welder in order to weld the top part and bottom part together . the completed surgical suture packages are then transferred to a magazine for storage and shippage . | 8 |
a method of providing moisture therapy to a subject by applying a moist therapy compress against a treated body portion . the moist therapy compress includes a fluid - permeable shell , a flexible backing fastened to the shell to define an enclosure , and a hydrophilic zeolite fill granules loosely contained within the enclosure . the therapy compress is exposed to a source of moisture to cause absorption of water into the a hydrophilic zeolite , and the moisture is delivered from the hydrophilic zeolite through the fluid permeable shell to the treated body portion . | 0 |
A panchromatic view of the star-forming ring and feeding process in the central kpc of the galaxy NGC 1097 is presented. The assembled IR to UV images at ∼10 pc resolution allow us to characterize the population of circa 250 clusters in the ring and disentangle the network of filaments of dust and gas that enshroud and feed them. The ring is a place of intermittent star bursts over the last 100 Myr. Four major episodes covering a proto-cluster phase of 11 mid-IR sources at the molecular clouds core, and two (three) previous bursts with a time separation of 20-30 Myr are identified. The extinction map of the inner few kpc resolves NGC 1097's two major dust lanes in bundles of narrow, <25 pc width, filaments running along the galaxy's bar. As they approach the ring, some circularize along it, others curve to the centre to produce a nuclear spiral. We believe these are kpc-scale dust-gas streamers feeding the ring and the black hole. The total mass in clusters formed in the ring in the last 100 Myr is < 10^7 {M_\odot }, i.e. < 1{{ per cent}} of the 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> of molecular gas in the ring; yet, at its current star formation rate, {∼ }1.8 {M_\odot yr^{-1}}, an order of magnitude more in stellar mass should have been produced over that period. This means that the availability of gas in the ring is not the sole star formation driver, perhaps the rate at which dense gas accumulates in the ring is the key. | 9 |
a memory hub includes first and second link interfaces for coupling to respective data busses , a data path coupled to the first and second link interfaces and through which data is transferred between the first and second link interfaces , and further includes a write bypass circuit coupled to the data path to couple write data on the data path and temporarily store the write data to allow read data to be transferred through the data path while the write data is temporarily stored . a method for writing data to a memory location in a memory system is provided which includes accessing read data in the memory system , providing write data to the memory system , and coupling the write data to a register for temporary storage . the write data is recoupled to the memory bus and written to the memory location following provision of the read data . | 6 |
the present invention discloses an apparatus to implement a m = n non - blocking minimal spanning switch , where n = the total number of data input signals and m = the total number of data output signals and m = the number of crossbar connections in each switch . data is input to the switch as a plurality of frames , whereby each crossbar connection contains a framer which detects framing patterns in the data . skewed data is re - aligned and buffered so that the data output by each crossbar connection is equal and identical , thus any crossbar connection may be used to ensure a connection , eliminating the possibility of data interrupts . | 7 |
a power management circuitry for a radar level gauge including a first voltage converter , having a low - voltage end for receiving a drive voltage from a power interface and a high - voltage end for supplying an intermediate voltage higher than the required operating voltage , a temporary energy store arranged to be charged by the intermediate voltage , a second voltage converter , having a high - voltage end for receiving an input voltage from the energy store , and a low - voltage end for providing the operating voltage lower than the input voltage . by storing energy at a higher voltage , a different type of energy store may be used . as a consequence , the cost and start - up time of the energy store is significantly reduced . | 6 |
relatively low noise capacitors are provided for surface mounted applications . electro - mechanical vibrations generate audible noise , which are otherwise relatively reduced through modifications to mlcc device structures , and / or their mounting interfaces on substrates such as printed circuit boards . different embodiments variously make use of flexible termination compliance so that surface mounting has reduced amplitude vibrations transmitted to the pcb . in other instances , side terminal and transposer embodiments effectively reduce the size of the mounting pads relative to the case of the capacitor , or a molded enclosure provides standoff , termination compliance and clamping of vibrations . | 8 |
the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for gathering analytical information on tv viewers to provide targeted ads on mobile devices . sdks are provided that allows for the capture of viewers &# 39 ; tv watching habits through their personal electronic devices . the tv watching habits are analyzed and stored to create user profiles . based on these user profiles , highly relevant and targeted ads are matched and delivered to individual users . | 7 |
a method and apparatus allowing for simultaneous direct viewing and electronic capture of images in an electron microscope . for this , the usual opaque direct viewing plate in the tem is replaced in form and in function by a two - sided direct viewing plate including at least one scintillator . this plate produces light emissions from both its upper and lower surfaces , which allows an electronic camera below the plate to be used simultaneously with direct human viewing from above the plate . the method and apparatus are also compatible with traditional permanent image recording units that are often desired in such microscopes . | 7 |
a vehicle seat for aircraft and motor vehicles , includes a back rest and a seat part supported by a seat frame connected to a vehicle floor . one support arm pivotally supports on one of its ends a combined foot and leg support as separate surfaces of a bracing component . the support arm is coupled to the seat frame at its other free end in a pivotable manner and may be adjusted detent - wise through preset positions . the foot and the leg support are arranged on opposite faces of the support piece . | 1 |
an actuation assembly of a screen for closure , solar protection or privacy , comprising , on the one hand , a motorized actuator furnished with wireless control command receiving means and , on the other hand , a standalone power supply assembly furnished with at least one rechargeable accumulator and with a power supply connector , designed to be connected to the motorized actuator via an electric connection line for the latter to be supplied with power by the energy of the accumulator , wherein the power supply assembly comprises a man - machine interface whose activation allows the transmission of information to the actuator , this information relating to the control of the wireless control command receiving means of the actuator . | 6 |
a system for acquiring environmental data from a plurality of sensors is provided with a microprocessor having a sensor input for receiving data from a sensor , a memory access port for communicating with a memory system , and an output port for issuing data . plural sensors each produce associated sensor signals responsive to respective characteristics of an environment . the sensor signals are propagated to the sensor input of the microprocessor , and a memory system is coupled to the memory access port of the microprocessor for storing calibration data associated with the plurality of sensors . a communications arrangement is coupled to the output port of the microprocessor . | 6 |
R script used to construct the adjusted perturbed emissions ensemble (PEE) used in https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2022-161/ | 9 |
according to the present disclosure , a juvenile vehicle seat is adapted to be installed on a vehicle passenger seat of a vehicle . safety belt straps included in the vehicle are used to retain the juvenile vehicle seat in place on the vehicle passenger seat . | 1 |
product , such as grain , is cleansed of particulate , such as dust , as it is being conveyed in the normal receiving , storage , and shipping processes . the particulate is sucked from the product by large volumes of low velocity air . the particulate is sucked from the product at a time that the product is near a port in the side of a discharge transition of the conveyor . it is sucked at the discharge transition because at that point , the grain is in motion and agitated , as well as being near the walls of the conveyor . furthermore , the conveying of product will create a wind or movement of air which airs the sucking of the particlate from the product . the fan causing the suction is placed as near as possible to the conveyor so that the air and particulate , once removed , is moved through the particulate pipes under pressure rather than under suction . also , all of the particulate pipes carrying the particulate and air are at an angle greater than 55 ° to horizontal , the angle of repose for dust in the particulate pipes . the particulate is separated from the air in a large diameter bin which is also used to store the particulate until its removal from the particulate bin . | 1 |
a process for the liquid phase adsorptive separation of 4 , 4 &# 39 ;- dichlorodiphenylsulfone from crystallization residue feed mixture also containing other dcdps isomers . the feed is contacted with an x or y type zeolite , substituted with a cation of a group ia or iia metal or ammonium . the other isomers are selectively adsorbed to the substantial exclusion of 4 , 4 &# 39 ;- dcdps . the 4 , 4 &# 39 ;- dcdps is recovered in high purity by fractionating the raffinate to recover the desorbent , aliphatic alcohols having 4 - 8 carbon atoms either used alone or diluted with an aromatic compound . | 2 |
printing dampener apparatus including a spray bar with a plurality of spray nozzle . a pair of pivoted elongated spray shields confines the lateral extent of the spray and a pair of sliding spray baffles confines the longitudinal extent of the spray . | 1 |
shock absorber components , such as a radial bypass damper , an anti - cavitation valve and an incremental flow metering valve ifmv . the damper is of a continuous , unitary construction with a main hole and auxiliary holes interconnected by passageways . the acv has openings that angle obliquely relative to entry surfaces of valving shims and extend at an incline continuously through the valving shims . the metering valve linearly regulates flow , substantially independent of piston displacement . | 5 |
in printing color films , a color negative film has to be evaluated to determine the amount of exposure . a color balance adjusting apparatus has hitherto been used for appraisal . in the prior art , however , as all the picture images of a color negative film are displayed on a monitor tv for appraisal , it has a demerit in that a speedy inspection cannot be carried out . in addition , as the film picture images are displayed through crt images of a monitor tv , it is hard on the eyes compared with that by direct visual observation and , therefore , presents a drawback in processing capacity . accordingly , this invention aims at providing a method which greatly improves the processing capacity of inspecting the color films . | 7 |
an external fixation assembly for bone fusion or separation is disclosed . the assembly includes a fracture fusion tube , with a bracket slidably engaged thereon . the assembly further includes a collet clamp connected to the bracket , with a ball collet rotatably seated within the clamp , the ball collet having an aperture for receiving a bone bin therethrough and perforations for a compression engagement with a bone pin . the assembly uses a single screw for threadably engaging the ball collet , the clamp and the bracket such that the position of the bone pin , ball collet and bracket are all fixed . | 0 |
an end fitting comprises a spigot end designed for reversibly fixing a wire rope to any type of functional part integral with or attached to a socket end . this spigot end is defined by an outer shell which is cylindrical overall ; the shell comprising at least one fin . the spigot end comprises an axial housing designed to accommodate the wire rope . the shell has at least one through opening capable of accommodating an element for attaching said wire rope such as a pin or a rope fastener which passes through the wire rope . the spigot end is designed to cooperate with said socket end like a bayonet . | 5 |
this invention is a device for inspiration of a mist from a nebulizer , having an inlet connector adapted to engage an outlet port of a nebulizer , a hollow mouthpiece element for insertion into a patient &# 39 ; s mouth ; a conduit forming a fluid connection between the inlet connector , and the hollow mouthpiece element . an exhaust valve is provided for removing expiratory gases which are exhaled into the mouthpiece element to the ambient atmosphere via an exhaust / positive expiratory pressure valve . the pep valve is positioned on the conduit between the inlet connector , and the mouthpiece element ; and a filter housing containing a filter for filtering the exhaled gases passing from the exhaust / pep valve . | 0 |
a method is disclosed which is suitable for the calibration of a measuring table of a coordinate measuring machine . for this purpose , a mask is deposited in a three - point support of the measuring table , wherein the mask used for the calibration of the measuring table is a mask , which is used for the semiconductor production . the measurement of positions of a plurality of different structures which are arranged in a distributed manner on the mask is carried out . the structures are available in an initial orientation on the mask . the mask is rotated and the position of the structures is determined in the rotated orientation . afterwards , the mask is shifted and the position of the structures is also determined . a total correction function for eliminating coordinate - dependant measuring errors is determined , wherein the total correction function has a first correction function and a second correction function . | 6 |
The phenomenon of neutrino oscillations has been established as the leading mechanism behind neutrino flavor transitions, providing solid experimental evidence that neutrinos are massive and lepton flavors are mixed. Here we review sub-leading effects in neutrino flavor transitions known as non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs), which is currently the most explored description for effects beyond the standard paradigm of neutrino oscillations. In particular, we report on the phenomenology of NSIs and their experimental and phenomenological bounds as well as an outlook for future sensitivity and discovery reach. | 9 |
Theoretical and observational studies suggest that stellar binaries exist in large numbers in galactic nuclei like our own Galactic Center. Neutron stars (NSs), and debatedly, black holes and white dwarfs, receive natal kicks at birth. In this work, we study the effect of two successive natal kicks on a population of stellar binaries orbiting the massive black hole (MBH) in our Galactic Center. These natal kicks can significantly alter the binary orbit in a variety of ways, and also the orbit of the binary around the MBH. We found a variety of dynamical outcomes resulting from these kicks, including a steeper cusp of single NSs relative to the initial binary distribution. Furthermore, hypervelocity star and binary candidates, including hypervelocity X-ray binaries, are a common outcome of natal kicks. In addition, we show that the population of X-ray binaries in the Galactic Center can be used as a diagnostic for the BH natal kick distribution. Finally, we estimate the rate of gravitational wave events triggered by natal kicks, including binary mergers and EMRIs. | 9 |
adsorber for adsorbing a fluid , comprising a cylinder with at least two parallel - passage contactors disposed in series in the direction of flow of the fluid to be adsorbed , and characterized in that each contactor comprises an internal insulation . | 1 |
a novel anaerobically curable resin composition of one - part type is provided . the composition consists essentially of the following components , and in the specified amounts ; the component being a mixture of polymerizable components consisting of an addition - reaction product of a polybutadiene - based liquid rubber , a polyisocyanate and a hydroxyl group - containing methacrylate , and a polymerizable methacrylate ; the component being a salt of o - benzoic sulfimide with a specified amine ; and the component being an ammonium or amine salt of an aminopolycarboxylic acid . the process for preparation of the composition comprises the step of adding the specified amounts of the aminopolycarboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof and an ammonia water or a volatile organic amine to the component , the step of stirring and heating the mixture to remove volatile matters partly until the ph is decreased to 9 or lower , and the step of adding thereto the component . | 2 |
a process comprises steps of circulating raw water into an ice making mechanism for freezing the water into the ice , harvesting with wash the formed ice and transferring the ice to a receptacle having a heating means for entirely or partially melting the ice to obtain pure water and catalyzing the resulting pure water with a selected nutritious substance before , during or after storing of the pure water . the apparatus is also provided . | 5 |
a new and distinct cultivar of prune tree is provided that resulted from a controlled breeding program . the new cultivar exhibits extreme precocity and a vigorous growth habit . flowers are formed in abundance . very large early - maturing fruit also is formed in abundance on a regular basis that is dark purple under a greyish and waxy epidermal bloom . the fruit is particularly well suited for the fresh prune market . | 0 |
the present invention relates to methods and systems for monitoring the effectiveness of diabetes treatment . methods and systems in accordance with the present invention provide information relating to variability of glucose levels and hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia . such information is based on time - stamped blood glucose data obtained from a meter or the like and actual measurements of hba1c levels are not required . | 6 |
an apparatus for applying a plastic film to a surface such as a carpet is provided which includes a handle , frame , film roll dispenser , guide bar , at least one roller and a trailing roller . the trailing roller supports the apparatus off of the roller to allow the apparatus to be pulled back against the stair to smooth the film against the front of the stair . | 8 |
an expandable exchange apparatus and a backup system thereof are disclosed . the expandable exchange apparatus is applicable to a plurality of terminal devices in a local area network . the expandable exchange apparatus includes a signal exchange unit having a network connection port and a plurality of terminal connection ports connectable to the terminal devices , a connection unit connecting the lan to an external network architecture , and a first exchanger connected to the network connection port and the connection unit , the first exchanger selectively connectable to a terminal device that is connected to none of the network connection port and terminal connection ports of the signal exchange unit , wherein , detects whether the network connection port is connected with the terminal device or not , and based on a detected result , correspondingly switches a data transmission path of the network connection port either to the lan or to the network architecture . | 7 |
High-eccentricity migration is an important channel for the formation of hot Jupiters (HJs). In particular, Lidov-Kozai (LK) oscillations of orbital eccentricity/inclination induced by a distant planetary or stellar companion, combined with tidal friction, have been shown to produce HJs on Gyr time-scales, provided that efficient tidal dissipation operates in the planet. We re-examine this scenario with the inclusion of chaotic dynamical tides. When the planet's orbit is in a high-eccentricity phase, the tidal force from the star excites oscillatory f-modes and i-modes in the planet. For sufficiently large eccentricity and small pericentre distance, the modes can grow chaotically over multiple pericentre passages and eventually dissipate non-linearly, drawing energy from the orbit and rapidly shrinking the semimajor axis. We study the effect of such chaotic tides on the planet's orbital evolution. We find that this pathway produces very eccentric (e ≳ 0.9) warm Jupiters (WJs) on short time-scales (a few to 100 Myr). These WJs efficiently circularize to become HJs due to their persistently small pericentre distances. Chaotic tides can also save some planets from tidal disruption by truncating LK eccentricity oscillations, significantly increasing the HJ formation fraction for a range of planet masses and radii. Using a population synthesis calculation, we determine the characteristics of WJs and HJs produced in this scenario, including the final period distribution, orbital inclinations, and stellar obliquities. Chaotic tides endow LK migration with several favourable features to explain observations of HJs. We expect that chaotic tides are also important in other flavours of high-e migration. | 9 |
an attachment assembly and method for attaching closed loops of lanyards to dust covers . the attachment assembly and method eliminate the need for tools and enable plastic and other materials to be used in the construction of the lanyard . in one embodiment , the attachment assembly includes a groove and a flange with a slot in it . a closed loop can be attached to the dust cover using this attachment assembly by placing a section of the closed loop in the slot and then rotating the dust cover relative to the closed loop . | 5 |
in general , the present invention provides an efficient usage of far end crosstalk coefficient memory in a g . fast vectoring system . according to certain aspects , embodiments of the invention provide a simple scheme for efficient management of the discontinuous and regular operation fext coefficient memories to handle the complexity of lines joining / leaving the system in both regular and do groups . in embodiments , by disabling the power - efficient , discontinuous operation , a g . fast system according to the invention first frees up the do coefficient memory . next , the system uses this memory as the staging area to manage joining / leaving events . finally the system re - enables to the power - efficient discontinuous operation and re - populates the do coefficient memory . | 7 |
one embodiment of the present invention provides a system that facilitates making an inter - process procedure call through a shared memory that is shared between a client process and a server process , wherein the client makes the inter - process procedure call as if the client is making a local procedure call , but the procedure call actually executes on the server . the system operates by receiving a request from the client through an application programming interface to make an inter - process procedure call . the system then allocates a section of the shared memory for the data structure parameters of the inter - process procedure call . additionally , the client process acquires a lock on a commonly known section of shared memory called a parameter control block . once the lock is acquired , the client process stores parameters for the inter - process procedure call in the parameter control block . finally , the client process clears a call_done flag and releases the lock . | 6 |
a marine handling craft and system is intended for use in deploying , inspecting and receiving vessels and payloads to and from locations on , under , over or near water and wet soils in potentially turbulent aquatic or atmospheric conditions . the marine handling craft may operate as a robot , or deployed from a crane or boom on a mother ship or other platform or helicopter so that it can transport and mate and dock at various locations , such as supply ships or autonomous marine vessels , at a stand off distance to limit potential harm to valuable assets . a sliding fastener and track are included on the marine handling craft so that it can be tethered and lifted by a single line or cable , and so can be manipulated by a single crane or helicopter . the utility of the handling craft is not limited to the transport of payloads and it may function as a stand - alone vessel for various remote sensing purposes . smart communication between the marine handling craft and other vessels or other nodes in a distributed computer network facilitates simultaneous , hierarchical and multi - tasking control of the craft and permits verification and inspection of payloads , which might otherwise cause damage when proximate to more valuable assets . | 1 |
a v - shaped shelf structure has a horizontal shelf part with one end adapted for mounting to a wall and a brace part extending downwardly and rearwardly for the second end of the shelf part , the brace part having an end which rests on the wall , thereby providing support for the shelf part . the shelf structure is provided with mounting means which are invisible when the shelf structure is attached to the wall . the shelf structure in one embodiment contains a honey comb member which comprises the inner portion of the shelf structure , thereby providing a lightweight yet strong shelf . | 0 |
a method of recognizing graphical objects by subjecting the graphical information gathered through &# 34 ; spying &# 34 ; to a series of rules by which the object becomes understood or recognized as an instance of a standard logical object . before the rules are applied , graphical objects are first interpreted as primitives including groups of text , lines and images . in order to recognize a graphical object as a logical object , the graphical information is subjected to the rules in an iterative process whereby an understanding of the object is continually refined . as the rules are applied , the results are evaluated to determine whether the graphical object can be &# 34 ; mapped &# 34 ; to a standard logical object such as a textfield or listbox . once the object is understood as a logical element with which the user is accustomed , it is possible to interact with the object and obtain data from the object as if it were a standard object with a published interface . by subjecting the graphical data to a series of rules designed specifically to recognize tables , the boundaries and the internal structure of rows and columns will be understood . once the graphical data is recognized as a table , the data which it contains in rows can then be accessed . by classifying an object as an instance of a known object , assumptions can be made about the object so that it can be navigated or validated by sending events or messages . | 8 |
sulfonamide and urea compounds having an inhibitory effect on src kinase including enantiomers , stereoisomers and tautomers thereof , as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates of said compound , said compound having the general structure shown in formula ii are disclosed and claimed : | 2 |
a combined wall and scaffold jack comprising a driving mechanism that produces a force , a wall raising mechanism and a scaffolding mechanism , wherein the wall raising mechanism and the scaffolding mechanism are interchangeably connectable to the driving mechanism such that the wall raising mechanism can raise a wall by the force or the scaffolding mechanism can raise a staging plank by the force . | 4 |
A graduate-level introduction to the interface between particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmologyThis book explores the exciting interface between the fields of cosmology, high-energy astrophysics, and particle physics, at a level suitable for advanced undergraduate to graduate level students as well as active researchers. Without assuming a strong background in particle physics or quantum field theory, the text is designed to be accessible to readers from a range of backgrounds and presents both fundamentals and modern topics in a modular style that allows for flexible use and easy reference. It offers coverage of general relativity and the Friedmann equations, early universe thermodynamics, recombination and the cosmic microwave background, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the origin and detection of dark matter, the formation of large-scale structure, baryogenesis and leptogenesis, inflation, dark energy, cosmic rays, neutrino and gamma-ray astrophysics, supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, sterile neutrinos, and axions. The book also provides numerous worked examples and homework problems, many with solutions. Particle Cosmology and Astrophysics provides readers with an invaluable entrée to this cross-disciplinary area of research and discovery.• Accessible to advanced undergraduate to graduate students, as well as researchers in cosmology, high-energy astrophysics, and particle physics• Does not assume a strong background in particle physics or quantum field theory, and contains two chapters specifically for readers with no background in particle physics.• Broad scope, covering many topics across particle physics, astrophysics, and particle-cosmology• Modular presentation, for easy reference and flexible use• Provides more than 200 homework problems, many with solutions• Ideal for course use or self-study and reference | 9 |
a large area multi - channel flat fluorescent lamp with improved efficiency consists of two groups of closed hollow electrodes which are printed on the inner surfaces of the opposing ends of two flat glass substrates . the substrates are sealed together and have wave - guiding spacers which protect the lamp from implosion and also maintain a fixed spacing between the two substrates . a dielectric reflective layer is coated on the inner side of one of the substrates with an over - coat of phosphor , and the inner opposing surface of the other substrate is coated with only the phosphor . the space between the substrates is first evacuated and then filled with an inert gas and mercury vapor . the multi - channel closed hollow electrode structure with wave - guiding spacers , in combination with a reflective dielectric layer produces greater brightness with better brightness uniformity over a large area . in addition , the large area multi - channel flat fluorescent lamp maintains high efficiency and has a long life . | 7 |
This contains model code and data from the paper titled "A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour" By: Allison K. Shaw, Marie Levet, Sandra A. Binning Published in: Ecology Letters Abstract: Animal migration impacts organismal health and parasite transmission: migrants are simultaneously exposed to parasites and able to reduce infection for both individuals and populations. However, these dynamics are difficult to study; empirical studies reveal disparate results while existing theory makes assumptions that simplify natural complexity. Here, we systematically review empirical studies of migration and infection across taxa, highlighting key gaps in our understanding. Next, we develop a unified evolutionary framework incorporating different selective pressures of parasite-migration interactions while accounting for ecological complexity that goes beyond previous theory. Our framework generates diverse migration-infection patterns paralleling those seen in empirical systems, including partial and differential migration. Finally, we generate predictions about which mechanisms dominate which empirical systems to guide future studies. Our framework provides an overarching understanding of selective pressures shaping migration patterns in the context of animal health and disease, which is critical for predicting how environmental change may threaten migration. | 9 |
a high frequency digital oscillator contains a ring oscillator having an output fn , and having coarse and fine frequency adjustments , wherein the input signal f 1 is the input to both the ring oscillator and the high - frequency digital oscillator , which has a multiplicity of output signals including f 2 , f 4 , and f 8 at one - half , one fourth , and one - eighth the frequency of fn respectively , and wherein an input gating signal causes the oscillator to start or stop , a signal fc = ¼ * causing a coarse frequency adjustment and a signal δ = making a fine adjustment , and by stopping the new output before the rising edge of f 1 ; and then restarting starting the new output at the rising edge of so that the output and input are synchronized . | 7 |
Python Jupyter Notebooks and Data for "B.R. Jany, Quantifying Colors at Micrometer Scale by Colorimetric Microscopy (C-Microscopy) Approach" Python Jupyter Notebook "Colorimetric Quantitative Analysis" C-Microscopy_Analysis.ipynb Python Jupyter Notebook "Uncertainty Propagation (related to color calibration) via Monte-Carlo" C-Microscopy_Uncertainty.ipynb Python Jupyter Notebook "Colorimetric Recovery of Hyperspectral Reflectance Data" C-Microscopy_HyperspectralReflectance.ipynb The programs were tested in the following Python environment: conda create -n C-Microscopy python=3.10.4 conda activate C-Microscopy pip install ipython==8.2.0 ipykernel==6.10.0 notebook==6.4.10 imageio==2.27.0 matplotlib==3.7.1 matplotlib-scalebar==0.8.1 tqdm==4.65.0 colour-science==0.4.2 Collected color calibrated (D65 illuminant) microscopic images of Gold 99.999% Pellet surface, Unakite (metamorphic rock) polished plate, Lapis Lazuli (metamorphic rock) polished plate. MicroscopicImages.zip Exemplary files for Color Calibration ColorCalibration.zip Colorimetrically recovered hyperspectral reflectance data at microscale of Gold 99.999% Pellet surface image width 216.03 microns Reflectance (R) from 380nm to 730nm Tif (ImageJ/Fiji https://fiji.sc/) file: Gold-99.999_PelletSurface_HyperR.tif Nympy (https://numpy.org/) npy file: Gold-99.999_PelletSurface_HyperR.npy Hyperspy (https://hyperspy.org/) HDF5 file: Gold-99.999_PelletSurface_HyperR.hspy | 9 |
a method is provided for removing organic contaminants from an aqueous composition contaminated therewith . the method comprises passing the composition through a first column packed with an organoclay , to adsorb substantial quantities of high molecular weight and / or emulsified components of said organic contaminants , and passing the effluent from said first column through further separating means for separating substantial quantities of the low molecular components of said organic contaminants which remain in the effluent from said first column , and recovering the effluent from said separate means as product . | 8 |
a capacitive measuring system including a sensor for measuring the clearance between a movable part and a fixed casing facing the movable part , the sensor is secured in the casing and has an active face facing the movable part to constitute a capacitor whose charge is representative of the clearance . a triaxial cable connects the sensor to an amplifier . the triaxial cable has a central conductive core and two surrounding conductors insulated from one another and from the core . the sensor comprises a central body including a disk with a surface constituting the active face of the sensor made from a metal of the platinum group or an alloy thereof . the central body is connected to the core of the triaxial cable . two conductive shields surround the central body and are connected to respective conductors of the triaxial cable . an electrical shielding or insulation of ceramic or glass is between the central body and the conductive shields . the conductive shields are made of a metal having a substantially lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the central body . the sensor is secured with axial adjustment in the casing , in such manner that accurate active clearance control of a machine , such as a turbo - engine , jet - engine or the like power plant is provided . | 5 |
a method for fabricating a semiconductor device with a bulb shaped recess gate pattern includes selectively etching a first portion of a substrate to form a first recess ; forming a spacer on sidewalls of the first recess ; performing an isotropic etching process on a second portion of the substrate beneath the first recess to form a second recess , the second recess being wider and more rounded than the first recess ; removing the spacer ; and forming a gate pattern having a first portion buried into the first and second recesses and a second portion projecting over the substrate . | 7 |
a multi - layer integrated circuit having through - hole inter - layer connections includes an integrally formed liquid crystal display panel , and performs all receiving , amplifying and video display functions of a tv receiver when connected to an antenna . shield layers are incorporated to prevent transmission of interference from a display drive section of the integrated circuit to the antenna or the input stage of an i . f . amplifier section , and to prevent interference between the local oscillator of a tuner section and the i . f . amplifier . | 6 |
a method and apparatus is disclosed for soldering leadless semiconductor modules having contact pads on the bottom thereof to and desoldering them from leaded terminal pads on a printed wiring board . the device includes a housing having a bore in which is slidably mounted a suction head . the suction head is used to raise and lower the module relative to the leaded terminals . the suction head has a passageway connected to a source of vacuum for both holding the module relative to the head as well as exhausting heated air from a source which is directed against the leaded terminals to melt same . | 1 |
a combustion device in the form of an elevated fixed - grate that includes arcuately shaped solid refractory brick with ribs placed thereunder so as to allow horizontal air flow for fuel combustion . the brick are arranged atop one another in a stacked concentric configuration that forms a central fuel passageway and allows cascading of a fuel pile throughout the combustion stages . the device provides the benefit of proper de - ashing online while distributing the underfire air radially around the fuel pile . the elevated design of the bricks allows the air to be evenly distributed throughout the fuel pile and further allows the isolation of overfire and underfire air . segregating overfire and underfire air in an evenly distributed manner allows the burner to combust a wide range of fuel moisture contents without modifying the mechanical components of the burner . | 5 |
the present invention generally relates to an implant insertion device , and particularly , to a breast implant insertion device and method of using thereof . the present invention is related to surgical delivery of an implant . in particular , the invention describes a device for the delivery of a breast implant that avoids contact with the skin reducing potential sources of incidental infection . | 0 |
We measured the binding energy of N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO, O<SUB>2</SUB>, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, and CO<SUB>2</SUB> on non-porous (compact) amorphous solid water (np-ASW), of N<SUB>2</SUB> and CO on porous ASW, and of NH<SUB>3</SUB> on crystalline water ice. We were able to measure binding energies down to a fraction of 1% of a layer, thus making these measurements more appropriate for astrochemistry than the existing values. We found that CO<SUB>2</SUB> forms clusters on the np-ASW surface even at very low coverages. The binding energies of N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO, O<SUB>2</SUB>, and CH<SUB>4</SUB> decrease with coverage in the submonolayer regime. Their values at the low coverage limit are much higher than what is commonly used in gas-grain models. An empirical formula was used to describe the coverage dependence of the binding energies. We used the newly determined binding energy distributions in a simulation of gas-grain chemistry for cold cloud and hot-core models. We found that owing to the higher value of binding energy in the submonolayer regime, a fraction of all these ices remains for much longer and up to higher temperatures on the grain surface compared to the single value energies currently used in the astrochemical models. | 9 |
a system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include , for example , a method for selecting a spectral region in a radio frequency spectrum for initiating a communication session having an uplink and a downlink , correlating a signal strength of portions of the spectral region to generate a correlation factor , detecting radio frequency interference in the spectral region according to the correlation factor , and generating tuning coefficient data to substantially suppress the radio frequency interference in the spectral region during the communication session . other embodiments are disclosed . | 7 |
a method and a measuring device measure the density of fluid media with a sensor having a density measuring device . a frequency oscillator with mass balance is used as the density sensor and all components related to the frequency oscillator with mass balance for the oscillation behavior , oscillation excitation and oscillation evaluation , as well as the frequency oscillator with mass balance directly associated with the measuring and sensor electronics , are enclosed in a housing or cartridge . these components are used with the frequency oscillator with mass balance in the cartridge , and / or the frequency oscillator with mass balance together with the cartridge is adjusted or calibrated using measurement standards and adapted as necessary to the specific application . the cartridge with the frequency oscillator with mass balance is releasably or replaceably connected with the measuring device or its base body before the beginning of the measuring operation to investigate the media . | 6 |
a network device which is connected to a network and provides an information processor on the network with a service , comprising : a network communication unit for communications over the network ; a storage medium interface unit for connection with a storage medium into which data can be written ; a parameter information storage unit for storing parameter information containing an address for specifying a logical position on the network ; a parameter information file creation unit for creating a parameter information file which reflects the parameter information stored by the parameter information storage unit ; an installer program storage unit for storing an installer program which executes setup to allow the information processor to use the service ; and a storage medium write unit for writing the installer program stored in the installer program storage unit and the parameter information file created by the parameter information file creation unit into a storage medium connected to the storage medium interface unit ; wherein : the installer program reads a network address contained in the parameter information file from the storage medium and executes the setup according to the read network address when the storage medium having the installer program and the parameter information file written therein is connected to the information processor . | 6 |
a cable connector assembly , for mating with a complementary connector , includes a cable having a number of wires ; and a connector comprising a contact module connected with the wires , a mounting ring attached to the cable , and a shielding shell attached to the mounting ring . the shielding shell and the mounting ring both have a number of screw threads to match with each other . an associated method of manufacturing the cable connector assembly comprises screwing the shielding shell onto the mounting ring . | 8 |
in accordance with the present invention , methods and apparatus to control the combustion of a burner are presented which overcome many of the problems of the prior art . one aspect of the invention comprises a burner control apparatus including a device for viewing light emitted by a flame from a burner , a device for optically transporting the viewed light into an optical processor , an optical processor for processing the optical spectrum into electrical signals , a signal processing for processing the electrical signals obtained from the optical spectrum , and a control device which accepts the electrical signals and produces an output acceptable to one or more oxidant or fuel flow control devices . the control device , which may be referred to as a &# 34 ; burner computer ,&# 34 ; functions to control the oxidant flow and / or the fuel flow to the burner . in a particularly preferred apparatus embodiment of the invention , a burner and the burner control apparatus are integrated into a single unit , which may be referred to as a &# 34 ; smart &# 34 ; burner . | 5 |
the present description relates to plug - forming compositions , to medical procedures employing such compositions , to methods for removing such compositions , and to products pertaining to such compositions , including medical devices , medical device components , and kits , among other aspects . | 2 |
an ink jet printing apparatus including : a print unit having a polarity of ejection outlet arrays , for ejecting ink ,; a scan unit for scanningly moving the print unit relative to the print medium in a main scan direction ; and a feed unit for feeding the print medium relative to the print unit in a direction which is different from the main scan direction , wherein an image is formed on the print medium while repeating a scanning operation of the scanning unit and a feeding operation by the feeding unit . the apparatus also includes an information obtaining unit for obtaining image information ; and a selecting unit for selecting at least one of the ejection outlet arrays to effect printing for the image data in a predetermined area , on the basis of the information obtained by the information obtain unit about image formations . | 1 |
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