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a method of recovering pure dichloropentafluoropropane from a mixture of dichloropentaflouropropane and chloroform involving selectively fluorinating the chloroform to the lower boiling dichloromonofluoromethane and then distilling to separate and recover pure dichloropentafluoropropane . | 2 |
an adjustable surgical retractor system for clamping system to an operating table . the clamping mechanism includes an upper jaw , lower jaw , a drive member , an adjustable frame support post and releasable locking mechanism for adjusting the height of the surgical retracting frame . the releasable locking mechanism can be a mechanism that includes a sleeve in close sliding relationship to the upper portion of lower jaw member . the upper portion of the lower jaw has a plurality of sockets for receipt of a plurality of balls . the sleeve can have a first position which positions an internal shoulder in alignment with the sockets and urges the balls into engagement with circumferential grooves in post member to lock the post at desired height . in a second position , an internal groove in the sleeve can align with the sockets to allow the balls to move partially out of the sockets and out of engagement with the groove in the post so that the post can be longitudinally adjusted relative to the clamping mechanism . | 5 |
a system for locating , segmenting , annotating and retrieving multimedia files , provides a database of metadata relating to multimedia files , a database manager , and a database client for accessing the data contained within the database . the database client , together with the metadata database and database manager provide a variety of different functionalities , namely a deep linking functionality , a segmentation functionality , a metadata annotation functionality , a retrieval functionality , and an access functionality . the user , through database client annotates the multimedia file or segment of multimedia file with metadata which is saved in the database . when the user desires to locate a multimedia file , the metadata is searched or browsed to locate the database entry associated with the multimedia file in question . the system further provides the ability for the user to load , open and start the playing of a multimedia file from a point intermediate to its start and end point , and without the user having to experience the portion between the start point and the intermediate point , break down larger files into shorter segments or individual frames or regions within frames without creating additional copies of the selected segments of the multimedia files of interest , thereby avoiding copyright issues from arising . | 6 |
The scenario and efficiency of water transport by icy asteroids and comets are still amongst the most important unresolved questions of planetary systems. A better understanding of cometary dynamics in extrasolar systems shall provide information about cometary reservoirs and give an insight into water transport especially to planets in the habitable zone. The detection of Proxima Centauri b (PCb), which moves in the habitable zone of this system, triggered a debate whether or not this planet can be habitable. In this work, we focus on the stability of an additional planet in the system and on water transport by minor bodies. We perform numerous N-body simulations with PCb and an outer Oort cloud-like reservoir of comets. We investigate close encounters and collisions with the planet, which are important for the transport of water. Observers found hints for a second planet with a period longer than 60 d. Our dynamical studies show that two planets in this system are stable even for a more massive second planet (∼12 Earth masses). Furthermore, we perform simulations including exocomets, a second planet, and the influence of the binary Alpha Centauri. The studies on the dynamics of exocomets reveal that the outer limit for water transport is around 200 au. In addition, we show that water transport would be possible from a close-in planetesimal cloud (1-4 au). From our simulations, based on typical M-star protoplanetary discs, we estimate the water mass delivered to the planets to be between the extremes 0 and 51 Earth oceans. | 9 |
a stereolithographic method for constructing an object from a medium capable of solidification upon exposure to synergistic stimulation . stacked layers of solidified medium are constructed by exposing the medium to synergistic stimulation in magnitude and pre - selected pattern , such that each layer is formed with external boundaries and up and down facing surfaces as necessary . at least a portion of a layer which is neither upfacing nor downfacing is also skinned , e . g ., provided with a continuous skin formed by overlapping skin vectors or traces of the laser beam . alternatively , all intermediate or internal cross - sectional layers are provided with skin and cross - hatch . upfacing and downfacing features , and intermediate layers may be provided with a skin created by scanning in a first pass using non - consecutive skin vectors followed by scanning in at least one additional pass that completes the exposing process by filling in between the originally drawn vectors . to reduce waffling , regions of intersecting vectors at least in down - facing surfaces are determined . exposure of one or more of the respective intersecting vectors is reduced at the regions of intersection to provide downfacing features with a uniform exposure . | 6 |
the invention relates to a method for producing effervescent granules , in which the reaction partners edible , organic acid components and alkaline effervescent components separating carbon dioxide are reacted with each other in a vacuum under the effect of gas in a container that can be evacuated . the container is evacuated to a first vacuum value within a vacuum range of 200 - 900 mbar , whereupon the pressure inside the container is increased to a second vacuum value as a result of the gases produced during the reaction . the steps are cyclically repeated while the reaction continues . a maximum number of cycles , a maximum reaction time , and optionally , a maximum load for the stirring apparatus are defined before the reaction begins , and the reaction is terminated after reaching the first of the maximums . in an alternative embodiment , the invention also relates to a method for improving the shelf life of effervescent granules by a treatment with carbon dioxide during and / or following the production of the effervescent granules , and effervescent particles treated in this manner . | 0 |
a transmission generates the travelling and pto outputs of a farm tractor . the transmission can easily generate the travelling output of a 15 - step forward movement and a 9 - step backward movement and the output of a 4 - step pto by fractionalizing the number of speed changing steps . the transmission uses a large number of identically standardized gears and hub sleeves but reduces the number of built - in parts in each part of the transmission , raises the productivity by using a large number of the same parts and controls the equipment efficiently due to easy disassembly for maintenance . | 8 |
a voltage control circuit accepts an input voltage and produces a regulated output voltage . embodiments provide improved responsiveness to variations in input voltage , load current , and ambient temperature . exemplary embodiments include an npn transistor connected between the input and output terminals , which is controlled by a feedback circuit . in an embodiment , the feedback circuit includes a pmos transistor and in another embodiment the feedback circuit includes a pnp transistor . | 6 |
the hot medicinal compress apparatus is a therapeutic and hearth care medical device which has heating , medicament and rolling functions . it includes a heater and a cartridge carrying a medicinal compress layer . the heater includes a heating element and a heat conducting tube in which the heating element is mounted and at both ends of which a front round step member and a rear round step member having a through hole are respectively arranged ; at another end of the front round step member , a washer and a demountable baffle ring are provided and fixed by a screw nut , while at another end of the rear round step member , a handle is arranged , in which a through hole is provided and on which a control switch is mounted . the cartridge is comprised of a metal tube and a medicinal compress layer which is wrapped around the metal tube . | 0 |
in a steam engine , an intermediate phase is provided for preheating the feedwater before it enters the boiler . the preheating is achieved by means of the reapplication of the otherwise dispensable exhaust steam in a simple feedback operation in which the exhaust steam is introduced directly into the feedwater . by means of electronic controls the operation of the system at the highest possible point of preheat is achieved thus assuring both high efficiency of the machine and cumulative economy in fuel consumption as well . the latter is further augmented by generous application of insulation to prevent wasteful dissipation of thermal energy as well as to effect protection of the system against the elements . | 5 |
the present invention provides an apparatus and methodology that allows a host computer to control a data storage device that is remotely located relative to the host computer utilizing the same software that is used to control data storage devices that are locally or directly connected to the host computer . in one embodiment , a host computer is provided that includes a virtual adapter that is capable of converting unencoded scsi command related information from an operating system into encoded scsi command related information that is capable of being transmitted over a network to a remotely located scsi data storage device , i . e ., a scsi data storage device that is separated from the host computer by more than the distance set forth in the scsi specification . the virtual adapter is also capable of decoding encoded scsi command related information received from a remotely located scsi data storage device into unencoded scsi command related information that is suitable for processing by the operating system . the remotely located scsi storage device includes a controller that is capable of decoding the encoded scsi command related information that it receives from the network into unencoded scsi command related information that is suitable for application to a scsi data storage unit and vice versa . | 7 |
a self - aligned via structure and its method of manufacture comprising the steps of providing a semiconductor substrate , and then sequentially forming a conductive layer and a dielectric layer over the substrate . next , a hollow cavity is etched out in the dielectric layer . then , a photolithographic process is performed by coating a photoresist layer over the dielectric layer and the cavity , followed by creating a pattern of desired conductive lines so that portions of the photoresist layer overlaps with the cavity . subsequently , using the photoresist layer as a mask , the dielectric layer and the conductive layer are etched to form a multiple of conductive lines . thereafter , a selective liquid phase deposition is performed to deposit an oxide layer over the substrate in regions outside the photoresist - occupied regions . finally , the photoresist layer is removed to form the via structure of this invention in the oxide layer . | 7 |
a method , system , tool , and computer program product for modeling human motivation within an enterprise thereby allowing a manager to properly design or change organizational structure , select personnel for projects , select goals , and consider values and relationships to design incentives to properly motivate individuals in order to achieve enterprise objectives . in one embodiment , the tool includes structurally monitoring and quantifying the effect of at least one incentive on the achievement of a goal in at least a plurality of individuals within the enterprise . the method and system structurally monitor and quantify the effect of community values , personal incentives or relationships on the achievement of a goal in at least a plurality of similarly situated individuals within the enterprise , as well as the effect of dependence on supporting goals on the achievement of a goal in at least a plurality of individuals within the enterprise . | 6 |
an antenna having an em feed , a rear parabolic twist reflector and a front transreflector . the transreflector is closer to the parabolic twist reflector than the focal point of the parabolic twist reflector , and the twist reflector is defined , mounted , or otherwise formed on a parabolic surface of a base . the base is dimensioned and arranged to provide a foundation aligning an axis of the parabolic twist reflector with an axis of the antenna , and is further dimensioned and arranged to maintain substantial alignment of the feed and twist reflector with variations in ambient temperature that would otherwise produce at least one of warping and misalignment of the parabolic twist reflector in the absence of the base . | 7 |
A Deep Generative Artificial Intelligence system to decipher species coexistence patterns This repository contains software (jupyter notebooks) to perform studies on species coexistence using Deep Generative Artificial Intelligence. An example of how to apply it is given. Two generative methods are documented: Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Variational Auto-Encoders (VAE). | 9 |
the object of the invention is a rolled , forged or extruded aluminum alloy product more than 12 mm thick , heat treated by solutionizing , quenching and artificial aging , with a microstructure characterized by the following parameters : the fraction of recrystallized grains measured between one - quarter thickness and mid - thickness of the final wrought product is smaller than 35 % by volume ; the characteristic intercept distance between recrystallized areas is greater than 250 μm , preferably greater than 300 μm and most preferably greater than 350 μm . | 2 |
an inflatable sport ball , such as a basketball , a football , a soccer ball , a volleyball or a playground ball , is provided with a self - contained inflation mechanism , or multiple self - contained inflation mechanisms , for inflating or adding pressure to the ball . the mechanism is a pump which is positioned and retained inside of the ball and which is operable from outside of the ball to pump ambient air into the ball . the pump is a dual action pump allowing air to be added to the ball on both a forward stroke and a reverse stroke . | 0 |
a robot teaching position method for easily modifying an original position of one of a plurality of taught points arranged on a straight line to a modified position moved a distance along the straight line from the original position . an operator selects one of the plurality of taught points , inputs a distance of movement along the straight line from the one taught point to the modified point , and selects two arbitrary taught points arranged on the straight line , using a display device attached to a manual data input device attached to a robot controller . the modified position is determined based on the inputted first taught point , the distance , and the second and third taught points . a robot performs an operation based on the modified position . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a driving method of an active matrix display device , in which a signal for determination of an operation timing of tfts is generated , an outputting of the signal for the determination of the operation timing is controlled in accordance with en signals , and an image signal to the tfts is outputted on the basis of the signal for the determination of the operating timing . | 6 |
this invention discloses an integrated circuit device including an integrated circuit chip having logic circuits formed therein and a wiring substrate for mounting thereon the integrated circuit chip . the wiring substrate has signal wirings for connecting mutually input terminals and output terminals of the integrated circuit chip . the integrated circuit device includes signal wirings for effecting connections of the input terminals and output terminals of the same integrated circuit chip inside the wiring substrate . the logic circuits inside the same integrated circuit chip are mutually connected by signal wirings formed inside the integrated circuit chip when a wiring length is small , and are mutually connected by signal wirings formed inside the wiring substrate when the wiring length is great . | 7 |
the frequency divider includes a first or prescaling counter which selects between first and second frequency division factors , in response to a first control signal , and then divides an input signal frequency responsive to the first control signal . a second and programmable counter frequency divides the output of the first or prescaling counter by a third frequency - division factor . a third and programmable counter frequency divides the output of the first counter by a fourth frequency - division factor which is smaller than the third frequency - division factor . a switching control circuit then converts the output of the third counter and supplies the converted signal to the first counter , as the first control signal . the digital frequency divider is suitable for use a part of a phase - locked loop frequency synthesizer . | 7 |
The cosmic noon (z ∼ 1.5-3) marked a period of vigorous star formation for most galaxies. However, about a third of the more massive galaxies at those times were quiescent in the sense that their observed stellar populations are inconsistent with rapid star formation. The reduced star formation activity is often attributed to gaseous outflows driven by feedback from supermassive black holes, but the impact of black hole feedback on galaxies in the young Universe is not yet definitively established. We analyse the origin of quiescent galaxies with the help of ultrahigh resolution, cosmological simulations that include feedback from stars but do not model the uncertain consequences of black hole feedback. We show that dark matter haloes with specific accretion rates below ∼0.25-0.4 Gyr<SUP>-1</SUP> preferentially host galaxies with reduced star formation rates and red broad-band colours. The fraction of such haloes in large dark matter only simulations matches the observed fraction of massive quiescent galaxies (∼10<SUP>10</SUP>-10<SUP>11</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). This strongly suggests that halo accretion rate is the key parameter determining which massive galaxies at z ∼ 1.5-3 become quiescent. Empirical models that connect galaxy and halo evolution, such as halo occupation distribution or abundance matching models, assume a tight link between galaxy properties and the masses of their parent haloes. These models will benefit from adding the specific accretion rate of haloes as a second model parameter. | 9 |
a power sharing device is disclosed , having a primary utility in supplying power to automotive block heaters or other auto warming devices at a user selectable duty cycle of 12 . 5 % or 25 %. in a first mode , power is supplied to 4 outlets in a sequential manner , for 15 minutes each . in a second mode , power is supplied to the 4 outlets in a sequential manner , for 7 . 5 minutes each , followed by a period of 7 . 5 minutes in which power is not supplied . the user may elect to initiate a delay period , that is selectable between 1 and 2 hours , to precede the sequence of power distribution , allowing time for the car to cool before the power cycles begin . a test circuit , activated by a pushbutton , allows a user to distinguish between the periods of time when power is not being supplied to an outlet as a part of the sequential sharing of power between outlets and a circuit malfunction , such as a blown fuse . | 8 |
a system and method for generating ozone for use in open or closed loop process applications using a fluid , such as water , as a primary process medium , including : a water storage tank , supplied by a water supply line , for temporarily storing water for treatment and subsequent use in a process ; an electromagnetic flux unit connected to the water supply line for exposing water supplied to the tank to an electromagnetic field thereby magnetically polarizing contaminants and dissolved solids present in the water ; an apparatus for producing highly pure oxygen from ambient air for use as a feed gas in generating ozone ; a corona discharge ozone generator for producing high purity ozone from a highly pure oxygen feed gas ; an impeller apparatus , including a rapidly rotating shear impeller , for injecting ozone , created by the ozone generator , into water wherein the ozone is absorbed thus yielding a substantially high level of dissolved ozone gas in a given volume of water ; an apparatus for measuring the concentration of dissolved ozone present in water ; and a microprocessor based controller for controlling the system to reach and maintain suitable ozone concentration levels , depending on the application , whereby the ozonated water is suitable for use in a wide variety of process applications . | 2 |
substantial benefits and economies are realized in a process for obtaining free fatty acids from soap stock by first acidulating the soap stock to liberate fatty acids from the soap present , separating the resulting first acid oil and aqueous saline phases , recovering free fatty acids by vacuum distillation from this first acid oil phase , saponifyng the glyceride - rich still residue to generate additional soap , acidulating the saponified product to liberate additional fatty acids therefrom and separating the resulting second acid oil and aqueous saline phases . these additional fatty acids can be recovered as free acids by vacuum distillation from the separated second acid oil phase . it is sometimes advantageous to neutralize residual mineral acid in the first acid oil phase before distillation . | 2 |
a merchandising system for display of items for sale . the merchandising system constitutes display units each comprising a rectangular base assembly and an upright frame assembly mounted thereon along the long axis thereof . the base assembly comprises a pair of end members joined together by a pair of parallel spaced outer tubular members defining the base sides and by an interior tubular member intermediate the outer tubular members . the base assembly is provided with casters and a replaceable cover providing the base with a smooth upper surface . the frame assembly comprises at least a pair of upright frame members removably affixed to the base intermediate tubular member and joined at their upper ends by a horizontal frame member . the frame assembly is capable of supporting standard hardware and accessories such as bracket - supported shelving , horizontal hangbars , faceouts , waterfalls , and the like . the frame assembly is also capable of surrounding and supporting single panels or back - to - back panels such as solid panels , slotted panels , wire grid panels and slotwall panels . the slotted , wire grid and slotwall panels are capable of supporting standard hardware and accessories useable therewith . the frame assembly may be divided by an intermediate upright frame member . the horizontal frame member can be replaced by a table top and the upright frame members can support shelves to convert a display unit to a feature table . | 0 |
the invention relates to a safety joint for a riser consisting of two telescoping parts that are arranged to break in the event of a predetermined axial tension load . the joint also comprises means for closing the passage in the joint in the event of fracture where the means are activated by means of the forces generated during the separation . | 8 |
temporarily fixable positioning system for secure , play - free fastening to the human body , preferably to the human skull has a base , a clampable ball - and - socket joint , a linear axis mechanism fixed securely to it and a carriage guided along the linear axis mechanism for receiving an actuator or sensor instrument . for intraoperative use , the positioning system is combined with a retractor . a head support is provided for noninvasive diagnostic or therapeutic applications . the combination of the axial degree of freedom of linear axis with the three rotational degrees of freedom of the ball - and - socket joint allows four - axis , in situ positioning of the instrument on or in the skull , especially in the external auditory canal and an opened middle ear . the positioning system in combination with one of the holders enables precise positioning of an active end of a guided instrument relative to sensitive anatomical structures while avoiding risky relative movements . | 0 |
We describe a program to measure surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distances to galaxies observed in the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS), a photometric imaging survey covering 104 deg<SUP>2</SUP> of the Virgo cluster in the u*, g, i, and z bandpasses with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. We describe the selection of the sample galaxies, the procedures for measuring the apparent i-band SBF magnitude {\overline{m}}<SUB>i</SUB>, and the calibration of the absolute Mibar as a function of observed stellar population properties. The multiband NGVS data set provides multiple options for calibrating the SBF distances, and we explore various calibrations involving individual color indices as well as combinations of two different colors. Within the color range of the present sample, the two-color calibrations do not significantly improve the scatter with respect to wide-baseline, single-color calibrations involving u*. We adopt the ({u}<SUP>* </SUP>-z) calibration as a reference for the present galaxy sample, with an observed scatter of 0.11 mag. For a few cases that lack good u* photometry, we use an alternative relation based on a combination of (g-i) and (g-z) colors, with only a slightly larger observed scatter of 0.12 mag. The agreement of our measurements with the best existing distance estimates provides confidence that our measurements are accurate. We present a preliminary catalog of distances for 89 galaxies brighter than B <SUB> T </SUB> ≈ 13.0 mag within the survey footprint, including members of the background M and W Clouds at roughly twice the distance of the main body of the Virgo cluster. The extension of the present work to fainter and bluer galaxies is in progress. | 9 |
an information processing mechanism having a combined printing and reading head wherein the reading head is maintained as close as possible to the printing head by providing means for deflecting light entering the reading head so that the organization of the reading head may be arranged with a reading window thereof through which light enters the reading head arranged adjacent the printing head between a printing needle guide member and a magnet carrier of the printing head , the magnet carrier having a wider dimension than the printing needle guide member . | 6 |
a heat sink assembly 10 having a component clip 24 for mounting an electronic component 12 . the heat sink body 16 includes a planar mounting surface 26 providing flexible positioning for the component 12 . the heat sink body 16 is affixed to the circuit board 14 by a mounting rail 20 providing flexible positioning of the heat sink body 16 on the circuit board 14 . | 7 |
a method of harvesting a stalk - based plant , such as sugarcane , includes generating at least one laser beam and causing the at least one laser beam to at least momentarily come into contact with the sugarcane stalk . this severs the stalk and cauterizes the stalk where severed . | 0 |
the invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the temperature t x of any material or object , by using a microwave radiation , as well as to an application of said method for determining the coefficient of hyperfrequency reflection of any material or object . according to the method , the microwave radiation emitted through an antenna is captured and the signals received are directed towards signal processing means . additionally , between the antenna and said means , a given impedance line is intercalated whose impedance is a function of the input impedance of said means , and with a length l much bigger than the wave length of processed signals , so that the correlation factor of said means is negligible . furthermore , the output voltage is processed by calculation of all parameters by cylindrically modifying the structure of said processing means . | 6 |
nylon 6 chip is obtainable by hydrolytic polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of dicarboxylic acids as chain regulators , subsequent processing of the polymer melt into chip , extraction of the low molecular weight portions from the chip with water and subsequent drying of the chip . | 2 |
the invention relates to a method for the amplification of genetic information , wherein it is possible to analyze the frequency of unlimited partial amounts of genetic material from very small sample amounts . the inventive methods enable parallel amplification of specific target sequences of the respective partial amounts and simultaneous qualitative analysis thereof and subsequent relative quantitative analysis , wherein several high concentration amplification products containing many target sequences and qualitatively high value amplification products are provided . | 2 |
an anilox printing unit includes , as inking unit rolls , an ink applicator roll and an engraved roll mounted in rapid change roll sockets , for removing the engraved roll from the roll sockets and inserting another engraved roll into the roll sockets by an operator . the engraved roll is hollow and a temperature control fluid flows therethrough . the engraved roll and the ink applicator roll each have bearer rings . a device which presses the bearer rings of one inking unit roll against the bearer rings of the other inking unit roll has springs for compensating for diameter differences as a result of manufacturing tolerances between the bearer rings of the engraved roll and the bearer rings of the other engraved roll and for compensating for thermally induced diameter changes of the bearer rings of the engraved roll . a printing press having an anilox printing unit is also provided . | 1 |
this is a device for bridging the neck of either a wide - necked or narrow - necked aneurysm in the vasculature . in general , it is a device used to stabilize the presence of vaso - occlusive devices in the aneurysm . the device preferably is delivered by a core wire which terminates in an electrolytically severable joint . the core wire will often be insulated . the retainer assembly itself is also attached to the electrolytic joint and typically has a number of array elements which are intended to be resident within the aneurysm after the device is deployed from the distal end of a catheter . after deployment of this retainer , the aneurysm is at least partially filled with a vaso - occlusive device such as helically wound coils . | 0 |
a throttle control device includes an acceleration system , a throttle system , a constant speed running or &# 34 ; cruise control &# 34 ; system , and a traction slippage control system , all of which are ganged together by wires and abutting movable elements such that they are interrelatedly controlled as a whole . | 1 |
an imaging system comprises a matched pathlength combining waveguide array including input optical couplers for receiving light , combining waveguides for combining the light received from different input optical couplers and relaying the light to output optical couplers . a lens system is also provided for imaging the light from the output optical couplers . compared to imaging systems , this imaging system can be much more compact . a standard imaging system requires a focal length at least equal to the aperture of the lens . because the aperture size of a lens determines the performance of a system there is a limit to how compact a traditional high performance imaging system can be . in contrast , the present system removes that limitation because the minimum practical focal length is now determined by the size of the aperture of the outputs , which can be significantly smaller . | 6 |
a method for making high ductility beryllium bodies by controlling beryllium oxide particle growth during hot pressing of beryllium powder to a maximum median size of 150 nm . more particularly , particle size is controlled by utilizing starting beryllium powder containing a maximum total concentration of aluminum , silicon and magnesium of 200 ppm and consolidating the powder at a maximum temperature of 1400 ° f . ductility is also enhanced by utilizing starting beryllium powder containing a maximum beryllium oxide volume fraction of 1 . 6 percent and annealing the consolidated powder at temperatures of from 2000 ° to 2250 ° f . the anneal can be a separate operation or a continuation of the hot pressing operation . | 1 |
a heat extraction system is provided for a laptop computer that comprises a system unit that includes a set of heat sources and a video display unit that is movably attached to the system unit . the laptop computer has air inlets and air outlets that allow air to flow into the system unit , over the heat sources forming heated air , and exhaust the heated air . the laptop computer has a set of tubes , which have an inlet and an outlet , located behind a video display in the video display unit and an air connection from the air outlets to each inlet in the tubes . the set of tubes are formed such that heated air passing through a constriction in the set of tubes changes in velocity and pressure in order to satisfy the conservation of flow rate . thus , heat produced by the heat sources is extracted from the laptop computer . | 6 |
a combined charge / recharge xerographic power supply is provided that utilizes one power supply to drive the charge pin scorotron and recharge discorotron grids of a electrophotographic or xerographic system . the power supply uses recycled power from the pin scorotron grid to drive the discorotron grid . in particular , the power supply uses power that is dissipated in the traditional shunt regulator attached to the pin scorotron grid terminal to drive and provide active current to the discorotron grid through a series - pass regulation circuit . thereby providing reduced electromagnetic emissions and reduced unit manufacturing costs . | 6 |
a device for treating pieces of a substrate at high pressure , piece by piece or in batches , with a treatment medium in the supercritical or near - critical state , includes a first pressure chamber , a pipe system for supplying and discharging the treatment medium , to and from the pressure chamber under high pressure and an electric motor , which is fixed to the housing in the first pressure chamber or in a second pressure chamber coupled to the first pressure chamber under the high pressure , for driving an actuator to carry out a mechanical action in the treatment medium . the electric motor is in this case open to the treatment medium and is disposed and designed to be accessible to the treatment medium , in such a manner that during the treatment of a substrate the treatment medium flows through and around the electric motor . | 3 |
a controller for controlling an image heating device which includes first and second rollers for heating therebetween a toner image on a sheet , a first rubbing roller for rubbing the first roller , and a second rubbing roller for rubbing the second roller , said controller including a counter configured to count a number of heated sheets ; a first executing portion configured to execute rubbing by the first rubbing roller in accordance with an output of the counter ; a second executing portion configured to execute rubbing by the second rubbing roller in accordance with an output of the counter ; an acquiring portion execution instructions of an image glossiness improving mode operation provided by an operator ; and a determination portion configured to determine which roller or rollers of the first second rollers is to be rubbed in accordance with an output of the counter , when the acquiring portion acquires the execution instructions . | 6 |
a concealably retractable handle is ensconced into the core or hull of a recreational or utilitarian floatation structure such as a canoe , kayak , surfboard , sailboard , paddle board or the like , where it lies below the outer surface without interfering with normal use of the structure . the handle can be conveniently extracted and secured in an operational position to facilitate handling and carrying the structure or securing it the a vehicle . the housing of the handle is bonded into the body of the floatation device through a padding sleeve which absorbs stress forces that could damage the solidity of the bond and the integrity of the whole structure . during handle retraction structures encourage agitation of water located inside the housing to facilitate water and debris evacuation . | 1 |
a metallic coated substrate capable of reaching a predetermined surface temperature upon being exposed to microwave energy of a known strength including a base , a metal coating on the base , the coating being formed in a plurality of discrete metal areas having predetermined surface resistivity , the size of the areas being below the arcing size for the surface resistivity , and the resisitivity being such that the predetermined surface temperature will be reached when the substrate is exposed to the microwave energy . different areas on the base may contain discrete areas of different surface resistivity so that the different areas reach different temperatures . the spacing of the discrete areas may be varied so that the rate of energy emission from those areas differs . | 8 |
The unprecedented sky coverage and observing cadence of the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) has resulted in the discovery and continued monitoring of a large sample of Galactic transients. The vast majority of these are accretion-powered dwarf nova outbursts in cataclysmic variable systems, but a small subset are thermonuclear-powered classical novae. Despite improved monitoring of the Galaxy for novae from ASAS-SN and other surveys, the observed Galactic nova rate is still lower than predictions. One way classical novae could be missed is if they are confused with the much larger population of dwarf novae. Here, we examine the properties of 1617 dwarf nova outbursts detected by ASAS-SN and compare them to classical novae. We find that the mean classical nova brightens by ∼11 mag during outburst, while the mean dwarf nova brightens by only ∼5 mag, with the outburst amplitude distributions overlapping by roughly 15%. For the first time, we show that the amplitude of an outburst and the time it takes to decline by two magnitudes from maximum are positively correlated for dwarf nova outbursts. For classical novae, we find that these quantities are negatively correlated, but only weakly, compared to the strong anticorrelation of these quantities found in some previous work. We show that, even if located at large distances, only a small number of putative dwarf novae could be misclassified as classical novae, suggesting that there is minimal confusion between these populations. Future spectroscopic follow-up of these candidates can show whether any are indeed classical novae. | 9 |
a device and kit for cleaning generally convex surfaces of lenses of field articles such as hunting scopes , telescopes , cameras and the like . | 0 |
Software to identify and map RNA modifications via LC-MS/MS | 9 |
Evidence is mounting that the small bodies of our Solar system, such as comets and asteroids, have at least partially inherited their chemical composition from the first phases of the Solar system formation. It then appears that the molecular complexity of these small bodies is most likely related to the earliest stages of star formation. It is therefore important to characterize and to understand how the chemical evolution changes with solar-type protostellar evolution. We present here the Large Program `Astrochemical Surveys At IRAM' (ASAI). Its goal is to carry out unbiased millimetre line surveys between 80 and 272 GHz of a sample of 10 template sources, which fully cover the first stages of the formation process of solar-type stars, from pre-stellar cores to the late protostellar phase. In this paper, we present an overview of the surveys and results obtained from the analysis of the 3 mm band observations. The number of detected main isotopic species barely varies with the evolutionary stage and is found to be very similar to that of massive star-forming regions. The molecular content in O- and C-bearing species allows us to define two chemical classes of envelopes, whose composition is dominated by either (a) a rich content in O-rich complex organic molecules, associated with hot corino sources, or (b) a rich content in hydrocarbons, typical of warm carbon-chain chemistry sources. Overall, a high chemical richness is found to be present already in the initial phases of solar-type star formation. | 9 |
a package for a flowable material such as a plant growth medium and which can be converted for use as a container for growing plants therein . the package has an elongated or square flexible outer container and is filled with the flowable filling material . the container has markings for cutting out a pair of openings at either end of the top surface to thereby leave a carrying handle in the middle . | 0 |
a method and system for providing for the production of preforms of thermoplastic resin by filling a plurality of multiple - cavity molds with molten resin for forming the preforms , holding and cooling down the molten resin inside the molds , removing the molded preforms from the molds , subjecting the preforms to a subsequent temperature conditioning stage , and transferring the preforms to a blow - molding stage . each of the multi - cavity molds includes a plurality of cavities defined in several distinct clusters and each cavities belonging to the same cluster is cooled in a distinct and differentiated manner with respect to the cavities belonging to other clusters provided in the same mold . | 1 |
an in - plane mode liquid crystal display device is provided that is capable of improving a contrast ratio by blocking a light leakage region formed by a column spacer . the lcd includes gate and data lines that are formed on a substrate and cross each other to define pixels . a switching device , parallel first and second electrodes that generate a horizontal electric field , and a column spacer are disposed at each pixel . the column spacers are disposed between opposing substrates and are aligned with black matrix or the data lines such that the columns formed by the column spacers overlap with bent portions of the data lines . | 6 |
disclosed is a water - borne coating composition having improved pigment dispersibility . the water - borne coating composition comprises a pigment and a water dispersible or water soluble resin , wherein said pigment is preliminary ground with crosslinked resin particles having ionic groups on the surface . | 2 |
We present a study of the activity-rotation relation for M dwarf stars, using new X-ray data from the ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Russian Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission (SRG), combined with photometric rotation periods from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The stars used in this work are selected from the superblink proper motion catalog of nearby M dwarfs. We study the 135 stars with both a detection in the first eROSITA survey (eRASS1) and a rotation period measurement from TESS jointly with the sample of 197 superblink M dwarfs re-adapted from our previous work. We fit the activity-rotation relation for stars with rotation periods shorter than ∼10 d (saturated regime) using three mass bins. The surprising positive slope for stars in our lowest mass bin (M<SUB>⋆</SUB>≤0.4M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) is due to a paucity of stars with intermediate rotation periods (∼1-10 d), probably caused by fast period evolution. The much higher fraction of eRASS1 detections compared to stars that have also rotation periods from TESS shows that eROSITA is also sensitive for slower rotating M dwarfs that are in the unsaturated regime with periods inaccessible to TESS. | 9 |
a carrying case with an internal suspension system is provided to reduce acceleration , shock , and the vibrational loads on an electronic device , and which is selectively adjustable to accommodate electronic devices of varying sizes . | 0 |
each barge in a group of river - going tanker barges , has a double - hull construction to protect the inner hull and avoid collision - induced cargo spills . the space between hulls is partitioned to individual empty , dry compartments with a vertical , open bottomed , measuring tube fixed in each . a closed - bottom master tube is fixed in one compartment . all tubes have a quick - connect , above - deck , flange to receive an ultrasonic transducer thereon . a hand - held measuring instrument containing a computer and controls and information display contains a transducer which is selectively pulsed to periodically send ultrasonic signals down the tube , and receive echo signals , with elapsed time representing the depth of a signal reflector surface which is the master tube bottom or , for the measuring tubes , the bottom of a dry compartment or the surface of liquid in a leaking compartment . a unique bar code with each tube , distinguishes it and the barge from all others . the measuring instrument includes a code reader . in one embodiment , an individual transducer is on each tube , and connectable by an electrical cable to the measuring instrument . the apparatus is also used in cargo compartment tanks for cargo surface level measurement . | 6 |
an automobile coaster that is particularly designed to be placed in an automobile beverage container . the coaster exhibits excellent hydrophilic properties and in an alternative mode contains a pressure sensitive adhesive on the bottom portion thereof . the outside radius of the sponge is slightly larger than the inside diameter of the automobile drink container to provide bias against the coaster . | 1 |
Based on an extensive redshift survey for galaxy clusters Abell 2029 and Coma, we measure the luminosity functions (LFs) and stellar mass functions (SMFs) for the entire cluster member galaxies. Most importantly, we measure the velocity dispersion functions (VDFs) for quiescent members. The MMT/Hectospec redshift survey for galaxies in A2029 identifies 982 spectroscopic members; for 838 members, we derive the central velocity dispersion from the spectroscopy. Coma is the only other cluster surveyed as densely. The LFs, SMFs, and VDFs for A2029 and Coma are essentially identical. The SMFs of the clusters are consistent with simulations. The A2029 and Coma VDFs for quiescent galaxies have a significantly steeper slope than those of field galaxies for velocity dispersion ≲ 100 {km} {{{s}}}<SUP>-1</SUP>. The cluster VDFs also exceed the field at velocity dispersion ≳ 250 {km} {{{s}}}<SUP>-1</SUP>. The differences between cluster and field VDFs are potentially important tests of simulations and of the formation of structure in the universe. | 9 |
a system and method for an acoustic sensor array of a bundle of n different length optical fiber sensors . a coherent or noncoherent light source is input to each fiber for transmission along the length of the fiber . the light signal is reflected back at the fiber end point , and the resulting reflected light is diverted to an optical receiver so that perturbations of intensity and / or phase may be extracted . | 6 |
an apparatus for analyzing liquid specimen comprising a sampling valve consisting of two fixed elements , , and a movable element held between these fixed elements , sample aspiration means , diluent liquid dispensing means , and chamber for receiving diluent liquid and sample , which further comprises measuring item setting means , control means for selectively operating the dispensing means , and driving means for driving each dispensing means according to its control signal . by composing in this manner , in the apparatus for analyzing liquid specimen for aspirating and pushing liquid specimen such as blood in cylindrical shape by means of a sampling valve , taking out quantitatively , treating as required , and analyzing , only a sample necessary for measurement is selected , and is diluted or otherwise treated . | 6 |
a method of drying fresh plant material wherein the fresh plant material containing a desired heat labile compound is exposed to microwave energy at an intensity and for a time sufficient to remove a majority of the water from the plant material without degrading a majority of the heat labile compound . the method is particularly suited to in - field drying of freshly harvested plant material to reduce the weight and volume of the plant material for savings transportation costs to an extraction facility while preserving at high levels the amount and activity of the desired heat labile compound . | 0 |
a bracket for attaching a vehicle rear light guard of the grill type which has a flat flexible base for conforming to a vehicle rear light lens for adhesive affixation thereto , and a relatively rigid semi circular portion for securely engaging a portion of the guard . the bracket is fabricated from a thermoplastic material by extrusion or molding with portions of two distinct durometer readings to provide the two distinct aforestated attributes . | 1 |
the invention relates to a luminaire with at least one led as luminous means and a method for operating the luminaire . the luminaire has a sensor for detecting at least a part of the light emitted by the led and also a control unit for evaluating the sensor signals and for influencing the led in a manner dependent on the sensor signals . after the luminaire has been switched on , a specific led current flows and the light intensity of the led is checked . in the case of a light intensity below a reference value , the led current is raised by a defined value . | 5 |
a process for the separation of carbon dioxide and other acid gas components , in a compound distillation column , from a gaseous mixture comprised of one or more hydrocarbons , inclusive of methane , and hydrogen . the compound distillation column is sectioned , one section of which is operated at higher pressure than another , and hence in a relative sense is referred to as a high pressure section while the other is referred to as a low pressure section . a product , principally methane , is removed from the high pressure section while a product of principally acid gases is removed from the low pressure section . by maintaining the sections at different pressure , the separations are more efficiently made and phase separation of products in the low pressure section is easily maintained . | 5 |
a cache line allocation method , wherein the cache is coupled to a graphic processing unit and the cache comprising a plurality of cache lines , each cache line stores one of a plurality of instructions the method comprising the steps of : putting the plurality of instructions in whole cache lines ; locking the whole cache lines if an instruction size is less than a cache size ; locking a first number of cache lines when the instruction size is larger than the cache size and a difference between the instruction size and the cache size is less than or equal to a threshold ; and locking a second number of cache lines when the instruction size is larger than the cache size and a difference between the instruction size and the cache size is large than the threshold ; wherein the first number is greater than the second number . | 6 |
a method of regulating the melting rate of a self - consumable electrode during electroslag remelting in a slag bath , wherein the lowering speed of the electrode which is to be remelted , the length of which is determined , is regulated in consideration of maintaining a set or reference value of the melting rate and the current intensity and / or the potential . there is continuously determined the weight of the part of the electrode immersing into the slag bath from the actual total electrode weight and the length of the electrode above the surface of the slag bath and such is compared with a set or reference value and altered when there is present a deviation of the quotient u ref and j ref , wherein the former represents the reference potential or voltage and the latter the reference current , and the product remains constant . the actual melting rate is compared with a set or reference melting rate and when there is present a deviation there is correspondingly altered the product of j ref and u ref . | 2 |
described herein is a method of developing a fuzzy logic system to detect a non - normal health condition . in particular , signal processing and transformation of electrocardiogram signals for sleep disorder breathing are provided . the method includes : recording ekg measurements during sleep ; clipping the measurements into clips of a consistent length ; calculating heart rate and obtaining an evenly sampled discrete time series data clip ; performing short - time discrete fourier transform on each data clip generating stdft respective matrices ; encoding each stdft matrix into a grey - level image ; calculating grey - level co - occurrence matrices ; extracting textural features ; performing statistical analysis on the features to formulate rules ; and employing the rules in a fuzzy logic system . the system and method described herein yields an accuracy of 75 . 88 %, or better , in detection of sleep apnea . | 0 |
an electromagnetic actuator , particularly for operating a cylinder valve of an internal - combustion engine , includes an electromagnet for generating an attracting electromagnetic force ; an armature movable into contact with and away from the electromagnet ; a spring arrangement connected to the armature and opposing the electromagnetic force ; and a sound muffling device attached to the electromagnet for reducing sound transmission by body vibration from the electromagnet . | 5 |
a system for controlling the transparency of a display case having a door is disclosed . a transparent electronic display is positioned within the door , a controller is electrically connected to the electronic display and configured to track the present time , a network connectivity device is in electrical connection with the controller and communication with a communications network , and a remotely located user interface receives user input through the communications network . the user input is used to generate the transparency data , which is used by the controller to drive the electronic display at various transparency levels . | 0 |
the present invention relates to methods for marking a coated substrate . in particular , the present invention relates to methods for marking a coated substantially cementitious substrate in the form of a cementitious building product . the method comprises the steps of treating at least a portion of an uncoated cementitious substrate to form indicia ; and applying a surface coating on said cementitious substrate to at least partially cover said indicia such that a marking is formed . | 8 |
a flap device for an internal combustion engine includes a flow housing comprising a flow channel , an actuating shaft , a flap body arranged on the actuating shaft in the flow channel , a housing bore arranged in the flow housing , a lever fixed on the actuating shaft , a bearing bush arranged in the housing bore , and a sealing disk comprising a surface which is at least partially spherically shaped . the housing bore has the actuating shaft protrude outwards therethrough . the lever comprises a rear wall . the bearing bush has the actuating shaft mounted therein . the surface rests under tension against the rear wall of the lever . | 5 |
stepping motor techniques are made viable for heavy duty machines with variable speed operation by reason of the simplification and gain in specific output and efficiency which results from constructions ensuring maximum saturation of magnetic flux at the stator pole faces and with minimal airgap between the associated stator and rotor pole faces . the density of the ferro - magnetic material forming the arcuate faces of the rotor poles may be varied circumferentially of said faces and the poles relatively shaped and arranged so as to render possible uni - directional current , 2 - phase operation . energy stored is minimised and the reduced energy inductively stored is returned to the source by vestigial coupled windings . uni - directional currents only flow in the windings , and the switching circuitry , although not fundamentally novel , is greatly simplified . | 7 |
“ an mas probe is disclosed for obtaining a substantial improvement in signal to noise in triple - resonance high - resolution magic - angle - spinning nmr of samples near room temperature in high - field magnets where the magnet &# 39 ; s rt shim bore is greater than 60 mm . all critical circuit components , including the sample coils , are located along with the spinner assembly in a thermally insulated cold zone pressurized with helium gas . the spinner assembly attaches to a sealed , curved , rotor - loading tube to permit automatic sample change , and it is surrounded by a partially insulated jacket cooled with a cryogenic fluid , generally nitrogen gas . the mas probe is also compatible with magic angle gradients , variable temperature operation , field locking , and commonly available closed - cycle cold fingers .” | 6 |
a matrix panel display apparatus includes plural signal lines and plural scanning lines intersecting each other and , near each intersection point , a picture element including a picture element electrode , a counter electrode , a display medium disposed between the picture element electrode and the counter electrode , and a transistor for applying image signals from the signal line to the picture element electrode . the transistor is controlled in response to scanning signals received on a scanning line . an auxiliary signal generating circuit generates auxiliary signals for increasing effective voltages of the image signals and applies the auxiliary signals to the picture elements while each of the transistors is in a non - conducting state and each of the picture elements is not selected . preferably , the auxiliary signal generating circuit applies the auxiliary signals to the picture elements during a predetermined period in which all of the transistors are in the non - conducting state and none of the picture elements is selected . | 6 |
a method for generating a packet sequence for determining a packet error rate using network packets , the method comprising generating , using a local area network enabled computer , a series of network per test packets and frames , each packet comprising a predetermined unique identifier and each frame comprising a predetermined sequence for the packets in the series of network packets , wherein the series of network packets and frames are each of a size that is compliant with a predetermined framing mode and encapsulation protocol for the transmission system for determining a per from the series of network packets and frames , and transmitting , using a transmitting device , the network packets and frames to a receiving device . | 7 |
a method for manufacturing optoelectronic devices comprising the steps of : providing a common growth substrate ; forming a light - emitting epitaxy structure on the common growth substrate ; forming a stripping layer on the light - emitting epitaxy structure ; forming a solar cell epitaxy structure on the stripping layer ; forming an adhesive layer on the solar cell epitaxy structure ; proving a solar cell permanent substrate on the adhesive layer ; and removing the stripping layer to form a light - emitting device and a solar cell device separately . | 8 |
the invention concerns a method for encoding video data in a scalable manner according to h . 264 / svc standard . the method comprises the steps of inserting a scalable nesting supplemental enhancement information message for each layer of the data stream comprising at least one reference to the layer and a link to a supplemental enhancement information message , following the nesting supplemental enhancement information message , inserting said supplemental enhancement information message for each scalable nesting supplemental enhancement information message comprising the video usability information for said layer . | 7 |
a leadframe employed by a leadless package comprises a plurality of package units and an adhesive tape . each of the package units has a die pad with a plurality of openings and a plurality of pins disposed in the plurality of openings . the adhesive tape is adhered to the surfaces of the plurality of package units and fixes the die pad and the plurality of pins . | 7 |
provided is an air interface security method . in the process of protocol transmission , the method executes : 1 ) a short - range coupling device sending a security parameter request message to a short - range card ; 2 ) after receiving the security parameter request message , the short - range card conduct security parameter feedback on the short - range coupling device ; and 3 ) the short - range coupling device and the short - range card establish a security link according to a security parameter . provided are a short - range coupling device , a short - range card , etc . for achieving the method . by introducing a security mechanism , the present invention provides a security protection capability for an air interface , can provide identity authentication for a short - range coupling device and a short - range card to ensure the validity and authenticity of the identities of both sides in the communications , and at the same time , will not bring additional hardware overhead to the short - range coupling device and the short - range card . | 7 |
an energy absorbing extruded bumper for a vehicle is disclosed . the extruded bumper is formed from a lightweight metal , preferably aluminum base alloy material . the extruded bumper includes an outer wall , an inner wall , a top wall connecting the outer and inner walls , and a bottom wall connecting the outer and inner walls . extending between the outer and inner walls are two or more s - curved trigger stiffeners . the trigger stiffeners include an upper s - curved trigger stiffener connecting the outer and inner walls and a lower s - curved trigger stiffener connecting the outer and inner walls . the lower s - curved trigger stiffener is spaced apart from the upper s - curved trigger stiffener . | 1 |
Over the past two decades, our knowledge of the high-redshift (z > 5) radio quasars has expanded, thanks to dedicated high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. Distant quasars provide unique information about the formation and evolution of the first galaxies and supermassive black holes in the Universe. Powerful relativistic jets are likely to have played an essential role in these processes. However, the sample of VLBI-observed radio quasars is still too small to allow meaningful statistical conclusions. We extend the list of the VLBI observed radio quasars to investigate how the source structure and physical parameters are related to radio loudness. We assembled a sample of 10 faint radio quasars located at 5 < z < 6 with their radio-loudness indices spanning between 0.9-76. We observed the selected targets with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 1.7 GHz. The milliarcsecond-scale resolution of VLBI at this frequency allows us to probe the compact innermost parts of radio-emitting relativistic jets. In addition to the single-band VLBI observations, we collected single-dish and low-resolution radio interferometric data to investigate the spectral properties and variability of our sources. The detection rate of this high-redshift, low-flux-density sample is 90%, with only one target (J0306+1853) remaining undetected. The other 9 sources appear core-dominated and show a single, faint and compact radio core on this angular scale. The derived radio powers are typical of FRII radio galaxies and quasars. By extending our sample with other VLBI-detected z > 5 sources from the literature, we found that the core brightness temperatures and monochromatic radio powers tend to increase with radio loudness. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a battery pack which can be used for an electric vehicle , an uninterrupted power supply , and a power supply for a smart grid and which can be easily manufactured and repaired and which is capable of improving productivity , the span of life , and performance , and a battery management system including the battery pack . the battery pack of the present invention comprises a casing in which a reception space is provided and battery modules coupled to the casing at regular intervals by fastening members so that the battery modules can be easily dismantled from the casing . each of the battery modules includes a tray , a battery cell provided in the tray , a cell charger provided in the tray and configured to charge the battery cell , a cell controller provided in the tray and configured to control the cell charger , a heating mat coupled to the battery cell , and a temperature sensor provided in the tray and configured to sense a temperature of the battery cell . | 7 |
a number of embodiments of flower pots are disclosed . the pots include a transparent or transluent panel or cylindrical portion which exhibit a pattern when one or more light sources are provided behind the panels or cylindrical portions . | 0 |
a method for cooling electronic components comprising drawing air into a chassis ; causing the air to come in contact with a corrugated deflector ; and cooling electronic components with the air before the air exits the chassis . a fail safe system for cooling electronic components comprising a corrugated deflector ; a plurality of fans , positioned such that they cause air to come in contact with the corrugated deflector ; and an electronic component ; wherein the electronic component is cooled by the air . | 7 |
The two-point correlation function (2PCF) is a powerful statistical tool to measure galaxy clustering. Although 2PCF has also been used to study the clustering of stars on subparsec to kiloparsec scales, its physical implication is not clear. In this study, we use the Illustris-TNG50 simulation to study the connection between the 2PCF of accreted halo stars and the assembly histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies. We find, in general, that the 2PCF signal increases with the increase in galactocentric radii, r, and with the decrease in the pair separations. Galaxies that assemble late on average have stronger 2PCF signals. With z <SUB>1/4</SUB>, z <SUB>1/2</SUB>, and z <SUB>3/4</SUB> defined as the redshifts when galaxies accreted one-fourth, half, and three-fourths of their ex situ stellar mass today, we find they all show the strongest correlations with the 2PCF signals at r < ∼ 0.2R <SUB>200</SUB>. z <SUB>3/4</SUB> shows the strongest correlations than those of z <SUB>1/4</SUB> or z <SUB>1/2</SUB>. However, the correlations have large scatters. The 2PCFs in the velocity space show weaker correlations with the galaxy formation times within ∼0.35R <SUB>200</SUB> than real-space 2PCFs, and the scatter is considerably large. Both the real- and velocity-space 2PCFs correlate with the assembly histories of the host dark matter halos as well. Within 0.3R <SUB>200</SUB>, the real-space 2PCF shows stronger correlations with the galaxy formation histories than with the halo formation histories. We conclude that it is difficult to use 2PCF alone to precisely predict the formation times or assembly histories of galaxies. | 9 |
in normal load operating conditions of the engine , an ignition timing control unit produces an ignition timing signal in accordance with the rotation speed and intake negative pressure of the engine . in transitions , for example , from idling operation to normal load operation , and vice versa , an ignition timing delaying circuit in the ignition timing control unit produces a correction signal by detecting whether or not the throttle valve is fully closed . when the correction signal is produced , the ignition timing control unit produces corrected ignition timing signal so that , in the transient periods of operation , the ignition timing is gradually changed to a predetermined ignition timing . | 5 |
the temporal sampling pattern of a sequence of images that represents a moving scene is classified into classes of temporal sampling patterns including “ film ”, “ video ” and “ still ”. pixels in each image in the said sequence are classified according to the relationship between signed inter - image pixel - value differences f 1 and f 2 between that image and , respectively , the preceding and succeeding images in the sequence . an initial classification for each pixel may be refined in accordance with the relative numbers of pixels of the image initially classified into each class . | 7 |
a method of development control by storing a reference tone reproduction curve and providing a single test pattern including a scale of pixel values in the interdocument zone of an imaging surface . the test pattern is then sensed in the interdocument zone and a control respond to the sensing of the test patern and the reference tone reproduction curve to adjust the machine operation for print quality correction . | 6 |
a process to increase the resistance of paper board to hot penetrants using a sizing agent containing fatty acid anhydride , and an insolubilizing agent is disclosed . additionally a composition useful to impart hot penetrant resistance is disclosed . | 8 |
We analyse the stellar initial mass functions (IMF) of a large sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) provided by MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory). The large number of integral field unit (IFU) spectra of individual galaxies provide high signal-to-noise composite spectra that are essential for constraining IMF and to investigate possible radial gradients of the IMF within individual galaxies. The large sample of ETGs also make it possible to study how the IMF shape depends on various properties of galaxies. We adopt a novel approach to study IMF variations in ETGs, use Bayesian inferences based on full spectrum fitting. The Bayesian method provides a statistically rigorous way to explore potential degeneracy in spectrum fitting and to distinguish different IMF models with Bayesian evidence. We find that the IMF slope depends systematically on galaxy velocity dispersion, in that galaxies of higher velocity dispersion prefer a more bottom-heavy IMF, but the dependence is almost entirely due to the change of metallicity, Z, with velocity dispersion. The IMF shape also depends on stellar age, A, but the dependence is completely degenerate with that on metallicity through a combination AZ<SUP>-1.42</SUP>. Using independent age and metallicity estimates we find that the IMF variation is produced by metallicity instead of age. The IMF near the centres of massive ETGs appears more bottom-heavy than that in the outer parts, while a weak opposite trend is seen for low-mass ETGs. Uncertainties produced by star formation history, dust extinction, α-element abundance enhancement, and noise in the spectra are tested. | 9 |
a coding system comprises the comparing circuit which compares a magnitude of the range on the number line which is allocated to the most probability symbol with a magnitude of the fixed range on the number line which is allocated to the less probability symbol . if the range allocated to the mps is smaller than that to the lps , and when the symbol is the mps , the range allocated to the lps is generated . if the range allocated to the mps is smaller than that to the lps , and when the symbol is the lps , the range allocated to the mps is generated . by the system , a coding efficiency is improved especially when a probability of occurrence of lps is approximate to 1 / 2 . | 7 |
a method of operating an apparatus enabled for usage by a user having a prepaid account at a service provider capable of providing one or more services over a communications network . the method involves retrieving credit status information about the prepaid account . at least for one service provided by the service provider , the credit status information is processed to determine a current availability of the one service . then , a user interface of the apparatus is controlled to indicate the determined availability of the one service . | 7 |
described is a cooling system for use in the manufacture of substrates into magnetic disk memory in which cooling plates are positioned dynamically in relation to a substrate to be cooled . this enables positioning the cooling plates closer for more effective cooling . positioning is controlled by capacitive measurements between the cooling plates and the substrate to be cooled . | 6 |
Scripts for generating figures for Boocock 2020 | 9 |
a flip - flop circuit is provided for use in a phase - locked loop circuit , the flip - flop having two signal paths for selecting a vco output during velocity lock and phase lock . the two signal paths comprise identical environments and therefore eliminate the phase step exhibited by prior art designs in shifting between velocity lock and phase lock . the circuit is also useful in any application where a clock to output delay of a flip - flop connected for normal operation , must have its propagation delay matched to a circuit which simply delays a signal by the same amount . | 7 |
a process has been developed to produce high - quality high explosive molding powder which is safe , efficient , has a low - cost , and is non - polluting . the method involves utilizing a chemically inert , non - aqueous carrier fluid as a processing liquid to facilitate the coating process . | 2 |
the present invention provides for compounds of formula i and ii : wherein y , x , y , z , r 1 , and r 2 have any of the values defined there for in the specification . the compounds of formula i are useful as reagents in the isolation and the assay of pqq dependent enzymes . also provided are compositions comprising compounds of formula i and ii . | 2 |
the present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction in order to regulate , modulate and / or inhibit abnormal cell proliferation . | 2 |
a display apparatus includes a display unit in which a number of digits for display is finite , a memory for storing a plurality of display items each having a predetermined number of digits for display , a display item selecting unit for selecting at least one display item from among the display items stored in the memory so as to display the same in the display unit , and a display controlling unit for effecting control so as to display on the display unit the display item selected by the display item selecting unit . when a display item having a number of digits exceeding the final digit of the display unit is selected , the display controlling unit inhibits the display of the display item concerned . | 6 |
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