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an approach to recording of television programming for later viewing makes use of a small and relatively inexpensive handheld portable viewer . one or more television programs are loaded into the viewer from a receiver , such as a cable television set - top box . later , the user selects a loaded program for viewing on the handheld viewer | 7 |
free - space optics is an unlicensed line - of - sight technology that uses modulated optical lasers to transmit information through the atmosphere . by using invisible beams of light , fso can transmit and receive voice , video , and data information . to date , the primary concentration of fso research and development has been toward the accurate alignment between two transceivers . the invention provides viable optical beam steering and capturing mechanism to allow fast tracking and accurate pointing between two transceivers of free - space optic link that required continuous alignment . this extra ordinary auto - tracking system can reduce the time needed to lock a laser beam between an aircraft and a stationery base station to exchange information in addition to its high accuracy . this invention also provides wider receiving angle compared with the conventional fso system . | 7 |
an assembly and components therefor are disclosed for use in the field of cell and tissue culture . the assembly includes a base having one or more wells , and a cell culture insert which is mountable to the base such that the bottom wall of the insert is suspended within the well . each well has a generally rectangular configuration such that openings are provided at each corner of the well for introducing fluid to the well . a cover is provided for protecting the assembly and maintaining the position of the cell culture insert . | 1 |
a method and device for transmitting pilot configuration information are provided for transmitting the pilot configuration information to relay nodes , and enabling the relay nodes to receive pilots according to the pilot configuration information and implement channel demodulation . said method includes the following steps : a node b generates a high - level signaling which includes the pilot configuration information configured for the relay - physical downlink control channel ; the node b transmits said high - level signaling to a relay device . | 7 |
a composite tape cassette , for use in either video or audio format is disclosed . the tape cassette includes a lightweight rigid thermoplastic frame for carrying the reels and tape and providing structural rigidity to the cassette . the frame is encompassed by a paperboard label and thin clear plastic sheath which is securely bonded thereto . graphics for the cassette are carried directly on the label . | 6 |
a control device for servocontrolling an object to a given position includes a motor , a coder connected to the motor , and a rig connected to the coder and the motor , the rig including a counter and a subtractor which generate a position discrepancy signal on the basis of an output of the coder and an external set - point signal input to the subcontractor ; circuit paths each having a sampling device which receives the position discrepancy signal and samples this signal at a distinct frequency , each circuit path performing a different degree of differentiation ; a summing unit for receiving and summing outputs of each of the circuit paths ; and an amplifier for receiving an output of the summing unit and outputting a control signal which controls the motor . | 6 |
a film densitometer for generating digital density values as a function of analog transmittance signals received at an input . a comparator coupled to the input compares the transmittance signals to one or more range references characterizing a plurality of ranges of transmittance signal magnitudes , and provides digital transmittance range signals as a function of the comparison . an amplifier amplifies the transmittance signals to provide amplified transmittance base signals . a gain control circuit coupled to the amplifier and the comparator controls the gain factor of the amplifier as a function of the magnitudes of the transmittance signals . the amplified transmittance base signals are converted to digital transmittance base values by an analog - to - digital converter . a lookup table of data characterizing the logarithmic relationship between transmittance base values and density base values is stored in base memory . a lookup table of data characterizing the relationship between the transmittance range signals and range gain values is stored in range memory . a digital processor accesses the memory as a function of the transmittance base values and transmittance range signals , and generates the digital density values as a function of a sum of the density base values and range gain values . | 6 |
disclosed is an ergonomically improved hypodermic syringe which facilitates one - handed use by allowing the same hand that holds the syringe to operate the plunger conveniently to accomplish both the distal stroke and the proximal stroke . the syringe includes a pair of finger - stop structures on diametrically opposite sides of the barrel which block slippage in both proximal and distal directions and which do not occupy the barrel &# 39 ; s entire circumference and do not interfere with the legibility of a calibration scale that passes through the region of the barrel with which said structures are associated . a loop atop the syringe &# 39 ; s plunger member is also provided , which is adjustable to vary the size of the aperture thereof for a snug fit with fingers and thumbs of varying sizes . in combination , the adjustable loop and finger - stops make the syringe plunger easily operable in both directions with one hand . the result is a syringe which is inexpensive to manufacture , which is compact to store and ship , and which enables an aspiration maneuver , to test for the presence of blood indicating that a blood vessel has been penetrated , to be performed easily with one hand . | 0 |
Context. Young planets are expected to cause cavities, spirals, and kinematic perturbations in protostellar disks that may be used to infer their presence. However, a clear detection of still-forming planets embedded within gas-rich disks is still rare. <BR /> Aims: HD 169142 is a very young Herbig Ae-Be star surrounded by a pre-transitional disk, composed of at least three rings. While claims of sub-stellar objects around this star have been made previously, follow-up studies remain inconclusive. The complex structure of this disk is not yet well understood. <BR /> Methods: We used the high contrast imager SPHERE at ESO Very large Telescope to obtain a sequence of high-resolution, high-contrast images of the immediate surroundings of this star over about three years in the wavelength range 0.95-2.25 μm. This enables a photometric and astrometric analysis of the structures in the disk. <BR /> Results: While we were unable to definitively confirm the previous claims of a massive sub-stellar object at 0.1-0.15 arcsec from the star, we found both spirals and blobs within the disk. The spiral pattern may be explained as due to the presence of a primary, a secondary, and a tertiary arm excited by a planet of a few Jupiter masses lying along the primary arm, likely in the cavities between the rings. The blobs orbit the star consistently with Keplerian motion, allowing a dynamical determination of the mass of the star. While most of these blobs are located within the rings, we found that one of them lies in the cavity between the rings, along the primary arm of the spiral design. <BR /> Conclusions: This blob might be due to a planet that might also be responsible for the spiral pattern observed within the rings and for the cavity between the two rings. The planet itself is not detected at short wavelengths, where we only see a dust cloud illuminated by stellar light, but the planetary photosphere might be responsible for the emission observed in the K1 and K2 bands. The mass ofthis putative planet may be constrained using photometric and dynamical arguments. While uncertainties are large, the mass should be between 1 and 4 Jupiter masses. The brightest blobs are found at the 1:2 resonance with this putative planet. <P />All reduced images (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (<A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://130.79.128.5</A>) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/A140">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/A140</A>Based on data collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile (ESO Program 1100.C-0481). | 9 |
a process for converting an indene , a polyindene , a dihydronaphthalene or a polydihydronaphthalene to 4 - nitro - o - phthalic acid which involves nitrating said indene , polyindene , dihydronaphthalene or polydihydronaphthalene and then oxidizing said nitrated indene , polyindene , dihydronaphthalene or polydihydronaphthalene with nitric acid . | 2 |
a gas turbine component with a layer of ceramic material defining a wear surface , in which an array of cross - shaped depressions formed in the wear surface define a continuous labyrinth of orthogonal walls of the ceramic material , and reduce the area of the wear surface by about 50 %. within a representative area of the wear surface , the depressions provide a ratio of a lineal sum of depression perimeters divided by the representative area of the wear surface of least 0 . 9 per unit of measurement for improved abradability characteristics of the wear surface . | 5 |
The origin of dust in galaxies is still a mystery. The majority of the refractory elements are produced in supernova explosions, but it is unclear how and where dust grains condense and grow, and how they avoid destruction in the harsh environments of star-forming galaxies. The recent detection of 0.1 to 0.5 solar masses of dust in nearby supernova remnants suggests in situ dust formation, while other observations reveal very little dust in supernovae in the first few years after explosion. Observations of the spectral evolution of the bright SN 2010jl have been interpreted as pre-existing dust, dust formation or no dust at all. Here we report the rapid (40 to 240 days) formation of dust in its dense circumstellar medium. The wavelength-dependent extinction of this dust reveals the presence of very large (exceeding one micrometre) grains, which resist destruction. At later times (500 to 900 days), the near-infrared thermal emission shows an accelerated growth in dust mass, marking the transition of the dust source from the circumstellar medium to the ejecta. This provides the link between the early and late dust mass evolution in supernovae with dense circumstellar media. | 9 |
flaked additive composition for producing stock mixtures of polymers , containing magnesia , mgo , or hydrotalcite , calcium stearate , and n , n - bis - n - stearylamine , or equivalent compounds . | 2 |
an output driver circuit for fast memories and microprocessors and the li the driver circuit is responsive to a binary input voltage and includes first and second signal control paths respectively coupled to a pair of series connected output stage transistors coupled between two high and low reference voltages and switched alternately between conducting and non - conducting states in mutual opposition to provide a binary output voltage substantially equal to either of the two reference voltages depending upon the binary state of the input voltage . additionally included is an anticipatory circuit having means responsive to both an externally applied precharge signal and a feedback signal corresponding to the binary state of the output voltage which alternately predrive the transistors close to their respective conducting switching points for increasing the speed of transition of the transistors between conductive and non - conductive states . | 7 |
provided is a pterygium animal model produced by injecting human - derived pterygial epithelial cells that are isolated and cultured in vitro . the animal model has characteristics similar to those of pterygium , which are observed only in humans , wherein such characteristics are caused in such a way that pterygial epithelial cells are isolated from human pterygium corneal tissues and cultured , the cultured pterygial epithelial cells are sub - cultured , and human - derived pterygial epithelial cells of which identify is confirmed are injected into the nasal subconjunctival space of mice . the pterygium animal model allows a pterygium therapeutic agent to be effectively screened . | 0 |
the invention provides novel organometallic complexes useful as olefin metathesis catalysts . the complexes have an n - heterocyclic carbene ligand and a chelating carbene ligand associated with a group 8 transition metal center . the molecular structure of the complexes can be altered so as to provide a substantial latency period . the complexes are particularly useful in catalyzing ring closing metathesis of acyclic olefins and ring opening metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins . | 2 |
a cover assembly for a swimming pool and which can be raised and lowered , the cover assembly comprising a frame which is relatively rigid , a covering material which is supported by the frame , and a plurality of extendable and retractable leg members which are associated with the frame such that extension of the leg member causes the frame to be raised and lowering of the leg member causes the frame to be lowered , at least one leg member being powered to enable the leg member to the extended upon demand . | 4 |
an extensile fluidic muscle actuator that changes the normal direction of force and motion , achieving compressive force generation and extensile motion output with just a small increase in friction , weight , and cost is disclosed . the motion conversion is accomplished by a pushrod that is attached to the inside end of one of the actuator &# 39 ; s end fittings , and extends through the actuator body and slidably out through the other end fitting . the other end fitting is held stationary by a seal housing that contains a sealing element to retain internal fluid pressure as the actuator moves . a linear bearing may also be installed to keep the rod aligned and centered properly in the seal . upon pressurization of the actuator , the flexible body of the actuator will expand radially , causing relative contractile motion between the two end fittings . however , as the two end fittings are drawn towards each other , the pushrod is extended . | 5 |
a battery latching device is using for accommodating a battery and includes a housing , two opposite latching portions , a resisting portion , and a stopping member . the housing has a bottom wall and configured for accommodating the battery therein . the latching portions are formed on the bottom wall of the housing , and are configured for limiting the two opposite sides of the battery . the resisting portion are formed on the bottom wall of the housing and aligned with one end of the latching portions . the stopping member is retained to the bottom wall of the housing and aligned with another end of the latching portions . the two opposite ends of the battery are hold between the resisting portion and the stopping portion . when detaching the battery from the housing , the stopping member is capable of being pressed toward the bottom wall to release the battery . | 7 |
this invention is directed to improve visual effects on digital display devices that use time and space modulation methods to display grayscale values . a distributed line technique is utilized to provide grayscale capability . the grayscale display is illuminated by energizing pixels of a weighted grid of eight line addresses . the first grid line illuminates pixels based on the first selected bit of the grayscale value for those pixels , the second grid line pixels are illuminated based on the second selected bit of the grayscale value for those pixels , the third grid line pixels are base on the third selected bit of the grayscale value for those pixels , etc . until all pixels for all eight grid lines have been selected . thereafter , a second set of grid lines is accessed during the second addressing period , a third set is accessed during the third addressing period , and so forth until all grid sets have been accessed . there are n grid sets where n is the number of time slots allocated per frame time . the visual grayscale brightness of each pixel is determined by the selection of the grid sets and the time slot allocated for the grid sets . the bit value selection , grid set allocation , and time slots are chosen such that the grayscale values are scattered in time and space so that the perception of visual disturbances and other perceived artifacts are avoided . | 6 |
HORI enables the implementation of analytical models of drawdown around a radial collector well or hoirzontal well. Collins S, Houben G. (2020) Horizontal and radial collector wells: simple tools for a complex problem. Hydrogeology Journal. DOI : 10.1007/s10040-020-02120-2 | 9 |
according to one aspect of the invention , there is provided an electronic apparatus having a circuit board supporting structure , the circuit board supporting structure including : a casing including a first body and a second body , the first body having a first boss portion , the second body having a second boss portion ; a jig including a cylindrical portion having , and a flange portion formed on an outer periphery , the cylindrical portion configured to slidably receive the first boss portion and the second boss portion in an inner peripheral wall ; and a circuit board disposed in the casing . the first and second boss portions are configured to be fastened by a bolt member ; the circuit board has a hole and a joining region provided around the hole , the hole configured to allow the cylindrical portion to penetrate therethrough ; and the joining region is configured to be soldered to the flange portion . | 7 |
conveying apparatus having primary support means of low friction character such as roller means or low friction slide or runner means to carry the weight of articles to be moved from place to place , and endless drag means propelled along the primary support and provided with motion exciting means adapted to engage and propel the articles . when the articles are to be accumulated a stop is imposed on the lead articles and thereafter the exciter means propels successive articles into the accumulation area and in each instance the exciter means passes underneath the articles to follow the path of the endless drag means . the exciter means is constructed to be easily replaced as it is the principal part that takes wear , and the degree of frictional contact with the articles may be selected to match the weight of the articles so as to require the least power and generate the least accumulative pressure . | 1 |
an optical disk drive having a laser source for irradiating an optical beam onto an optical disk , a lens unit to focus the optical beam from the laser source onto the optical disk , a drive unit for driving the lens unit , and a high - frequency signal output unit for producing a high - frequency signal . the drive unit drives the lens unit by applying the high - frequency signal before the optical disk is started to reproduce , and drives it without applying the high - frequency signal after the optical disk is started to reproduce . thus , it is possible to effectively control the aberration correction mechanism using a linear actuator . | 6 |
a nozzle assembly is provided for ejecting ink . the nozzle assembly includes a substrate incorporating drive circuitry . an actuator support extends from the substrate . an actuator arm extends from the actuator support and includes a heater which is coupled to the drive circuitry . a nozzle extends from the substrate at a spaced apart location from the actuator support and the heater . the nozzle defines an ink chamber in fluid communication with : an ink supply , an ink ejection port in fluid communication with the nozzle chamber , and a slot through which the actuator arm extends and terminates in a free end within the ink chamber . responsive to the heater receiving an electrical signal from the drive circuitry , the free end of the actuator arm is displaced in the ink chamber to eject ink contained therein through the ink ejection port . | 1 |
a wi - fi atsc tv antenna with waveform compression is comprised of 5 components — tv antenna , atsc tv tuner , ad converter , waveform data compression unit , and wi - fi transceiver . it is used to transfer analog rf waveform to digital if signal over wi - fi to a tv - viewing device . it is used for atsc tv reception devices . | 7 |
a broadband tunable in - fiber filter includes a grating with divergent ridges which can be translated transversely of a side - polished optical fiber to vary the periodicity at an exposed evanescent field . the divergence is gradual so that at any given transverse position of the grating , the ridge interacting with the evanescent field are effectively parallel . the divergence is great enough so that a tuning - to - reflected bandwidth ratio of about 33 : 1 is demonstrated . the grating is fabricated in an amorphous silicon film on a fused quartz substrate . the film is coated with photoresist which is exposed to a holographic interference front . the substrate is tilted with respect to an interference front created by two spherically diverging beams to achieve the desired divergence . subsequent processing , including etching are standard . | 6 |
disclosed is a combination of an infusion set consisting of infusion tubing and needle connected to a drug cartridge , the latter comprising a cylindrical body of inner diameter and having an open rear end , wherein a stopper is slidably disposed within the body . in an initial state after the cartridge has been filled , the stopper is partially disposed within the body such that the stopper protrudes from the rear end of the body by a distance . pushing the stopper into the cartridge by said distance , i . e . until the stopper is flush with the rear end , displaces a predetermined volume according to e , b and the cylindrical geometry of the cartridge , which is large enough to effect complete air priming of the cartridge , infusion tubing and infusion needle . | 0 |
a device for evaluating the efficacy of prevacuum steam sterilizers by separating , collecting and detecting the presence of air in association with the steam . the device includes a receptacle containing an adsorbent for directly separating air from steam without requiring a change of state , from gas to liquid , of the steam . during sterilizer evacuation , the interstices of the adsorbent and the device offer a challenge to air removal . the receptacle has a portal to provide communication with the sterilizer environment and a defined path for the steam to traverse , in a progressive manner , moving to the distal end of the receptacle . the adsorbent retains the moisture during sterilization . at the distal end of the column is an opening into an air collecting chamber . within this chamber is located an article that indicates the presence of air in the steam . the indicator can be chemical or biological , and indicates whether any air pockets existed which prevented complete contact between the steam and the indicator . | 8 |
After 49 yr of quiescence, 4U 1730-22 became active and had two outbursts in 2021 and 2022; the onset and tail of the outbursts were observed by NICER, which give us a peerless opportunity to study the state transition and its underlying mechanism. In this work, we take both the neutron star (NS) surface and accretion disk emission as the seed photons of the Comptonization and derive their spectral evolution in a bolometric luminosity range of 1%-15% L <SUB>Edd</SUB>. In the high/soft state, the inferred inner disk radius and the NS radius are well consistent, which implies that the accretion disk is close to the NS surface. For the decay stage, we report a steep change of the accretion disk emission within 1 day, i.e., the soft-to-hard transition, which could be due to the propeller effect, and the corresponding NS surface magnetic field is 1.8-2.2 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> G. Moreover, the inner disk radius is truncated at the corotation radius, which is similar to the propeller effect detected from 4U 1608-52. The absence of the propeller effect in the hard-to-soft state transition implies that the transition between the magnetospheric accretion and the disk accretion is not the sole cause of the state transitions. | 9 |
a motor / generator system that can be controlled internally based on external power - generating needs or in response to operating parameters . the system can be controlled manually by a user to select desired power - generating needs . the system can also be controlled by an algorithm taking into consideration parameters such as vehicle velocity and potential to predict speed , braking , acceleration or deceleration . in the motor / generator , stator plates can be moved by linear controllers in response to these external inputs to vary the amount of required power , creating an on - demand charging system that can efficiently transfer power and extend the life of the system . | 7 |
a portable toilet shelter that is more stackable and easier to assemble and disassemble . the portable toilet shelter includes a loop enclosure that is mountable to a base , and that is adapted to receive a roof . the loop enclosure includes opposed end walls each having opposed edges . opposed side walls are positioned between the opposed end walls , with each of the side walls also having opposed edges . flexible hinges connect the edges of the side walls to respective adjacent edges of the end walls to complete the loop enclosure . the portable toilet shelter is partially disassembled when collapsed to a height of about the thickness of two walls , wherein the end walls fold respectively toward and overlay the side walls . the portable toilet shelter is partially erected when the end walls are unfolded respectively away from the side walls to maintain an upright and self - supporting position . | 4 |
The lensing convergence measurable with future CMB surveys like CMB-S4 will be highly correlated with the clustering observed by deep photometric large scale structure (LSS) surveys such as the LSST, with cross-correlation coefficient as high as 95%. This will enable use of sample variance cancellation techniques to determine cosmological parameters, and use of cross-correlation measurements to break parameter degeneracies. Assuming large sky overlap between CMB-S4 and LSST, we show that a joint analysis of CMB-S4 lensing and LSST clustering can yield very tight constraints on the matter amplitude σ<SUB>8</SUB>(z ) , halo bias, and f<SUB>NL</SUB>, competitive with the best stage IV experiment predictions, but using complementary methods, which may carry different and possibly lower systematics. Having no sky overlap between experiments degrades the precision of σ<SUB>8</SUB>(z ) by a factor of 20, and that of f<SUB>NL</SUB> by a factor of 1.5 to 2. Without CMB lensing, the precision always degrades by an order of magnitude or more, showing that a joint analysis is critical. Our results also suggest that CMB lensing in combination with LSS photometric surveys is a competitive probe of the evolution of structure in the redshift range z ≃1 - 7 , probing a regime that is not well tested observationally. We explore predictions against other surveys and experiment configurations, finding that wide patches with maximal sky overlap between CMB and LSS surveys are most powerful for σ<SUB>8</SUB>(z ) and f<SUB>NL</SUB>. | 9 |
an industrial robot control device for use in an automobile manufacturing line for instance . the device is capable of preventing incorrect or improper operations of the machines due to a voltage drop in a power source , which occurs when a plurality of machines including the industrial robots are driven simultaneously . | 8 |
FLIDU (Floating Lidar Uncertainty) is a tool for the quantification of motion induced uncertainties of nacelle based lidar inflow measurments on floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). The framework contains an analytical model of the wind field as well as the lidar measurements under consideration of FOWT dynamics. FOWT dynamics are modelled as harmonic oscillation and parameterized by their amplitude, frequency and mean value. Measurement uncertainty is derived by applying the GUM methodology on the equatuation of the analytical model. | 9 |
convenient , inexpensive and portable effervescent tablets that the consumer can add to water to generate hydrogen - rich water just prior to drinking . the effervescent tablets include a base metal and an edible acid that , within about 5 - 10 minutes of mixing , generate a palatable aqueous solution having about 0 . 8 mm to about 3 mm hydrogen and a ph of 8 - 10 . | 0 |
the invention relates to a method for monitoring a half bridge branch in a half bridge , said half bridge branch being connected in series with another half bridge branch in the half bridge via a center tap , including the steps of :— applying an electric supply potential opposite the center tap at the other half bridge branch to the center tap according to a predefined time curve ; and — monitoring the half bridge branch on the basis of a comparison of the predefined time curve and an electrical output potential at the center tap . | 7 |
a micro air vehicle having a bendable wing enabling the micro air vehicle to fly . the bendable wing may be bent downwards so that the wingspan may be reduced for storing the micro air vehicle . the bendable wing may be formed from one or more layers of material , and the wing may have a camber such that a concave surface of the wing faces downward . the wing may substantially resist flexing upwards and may transfer uplift forces to a central body of the micro air vehicle . in addition , the wing may be bent severely downwards by applying a force to tips of the wing . the micro air vehicle is capable of being stored in a small cylindrical tube and may be deployed from the tube by simply releasing the micro air vehicle from the tube . | 1 |
a lance for use in a basic oxygen vessel is provided with a fluid cooling arrangement which is mounted directly on the lance structure and which is vertically adjustable therewith to provide a fluid spray which effectively enables and ensures cooling and suppression of the exiting gas before it contacts the hood and moves into the ducts of the hood structure . | 2 |
a flexible , reusable protective sports board sleeve for use inside of a sports board bag comprises a first panel and a second panel . the first panel is joined to the second panel along the respective outer edges of the panels thereby creating an overlapping pocket , wherein the overlapping pocket receives a sports board through the sleeve &# 39 ; s tip end , and the bottom edge of the sports board sleeve allows attachment to the tail end of the sports board . the sleeve is made of a flexible , wax - resistant material that allows the sports board to easily slide in and out of a sports board bag without wax sticking to the inside of the sports board bag . there are both horizontal and parallel longitudinal lines printed on the sleeve to help users customize the dimensions of said sleeve by cutting along the horizontal and parallel longitudinal lines . | 0 |
a positive fluid displacement device with single piece double - ended pistons connected to a crankpin for circular motion . pistons are nested together to maintain all pistons in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the crankshaft . cylinders are driven in a reciprocating fashion by the pistons and are held loosely in a cylinder carriage along its axis with radial sealing engagement therebetween . pliable members mount port plates within a housing such that there is no direct contact therebetween or with a two - layer manifold . a flat surface of the port plate is urged against the cylinder head by a pliable member which exerts a force on the center of the port plate . grooves in the first layer of the manifold are sealed by the second layer to form fluid passageways . the cylinder head is guided in housing grooves with a pliable member . a sealing lip is integral with a piston head . | 8 |
a particle separator for treating the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine includes at least one metallic layer through which exhaust gas can flow . the metallic layer is located in a housing that includes an inlet opening , an outlet opening and a central axis . the housing is provided with at least one inspection or maintenance opening that laterally penetrates the housing and provides a passage through to the metallic layer . the particle separator can , in particular , remain operational without having to be dismantled or can autonomously remain fully open to a flow at all times . a motor vehicle having at least one particle separator is also provided . | 5 |
the present disclosure is directed to facilitating pricing , sales and delivery of a commodity . in one embodiment , a fuel offer generator facilitates the purchase and management of fuel offerings . the fuel offer generator allows customers interested in securing fuel to obtain an offer for fuel at lock - in prices for various tenors . fuel customers may later exercise the fuel offers so their fuel costs are locked - in at desired levels the fuel offer generator may generate hedges to counteract fuel related risks stemming from fuel offer purchases . ultimately , a customer that purchases a fuel offering can exercise their fuel offering order at a specified price and redeem any difference between the market price for their purchased fuel and the price specified in their fuel offering order . the fuel offer generator allows for the management of regional fuel price offerings and allows for fuel offering redemption based on fuel pump prices . | 6 |
a method of constructing a palletizer cell by providing square platform bases which are assembled into an array in abutment with each other , each platform base mounting a respective component of palletizing equipment , such as a robot , one or more conveyors , a slip sheet bin , a discharge module , etc . with one platform base anchored to the factory floor and the rest attached to one or another of the platform bases to form the array of platform bases thereby properly locating the various equipment with each other by the fitting together of the platform bases . safety fencing sections are mounted atop one or more outer sides to substantially enclose the space within the palletizer cell . each platform base is formed with side openings which may be engaged with the tines of a fork lift . | 4 |
this invention provides a more functionalized artificial blood vessel which can be organized by independently designing its inner and outer surfaces and endowing them with respectively different biocompatibilities , as well as a process for producing the same . the artificial blood vessel comprises a tubular support having a layer of photogelled cinnamic acid - bound chondroitin sulfate coated on the inner surface thereof and a layer of photogelled coumarin - bound gelatin coated on the outer surface thereof . the process for producing the above artificial blood vessel comprises coating a layer of coumarin - bound gelatin on the outer surface of a tubular support and a layer of cinnamic acid - bound chondroitin sulfate on the inner surface of the support and irradiating each of the layers with light . | 0 |
a machine tool has a cover structure adapted for the discharge of chips . the cover is composed of a front cover , left and right side covers , and a bottom part . the bottom part is connected to a bed through the respective lower ends of the front cover and the side covers . further , at least a part of the bottom part includes a slope gradually inclining from the side connected to the bed toward the outer periphery . even if the chips produced during machining adhere to members inside the cover , they are washed away by a cutting fluid and discharged into a cutting fluid supply device through a channel located farthest from the central portion of the machine tool . | 1 |
a system for preventing collision wherein a radar system is mounted on a vehicle for generating a relative speed signal and a relative distance signal . there are provided a brake signal generating logical circuit responsive to the relative speed signal and the relative distance signal for actuating a brake actuator , first and second comparators for comparing the relative speed signal and the relative distance signal respectively with reference signals , and an information processing signal responsive to the outputs from the first and second comparators for actuating the brake actuator . there is also provided a braking signal releasing circuit for disenabling the brake actuator after the vehicle has stopped . | 6 |
an electro - optical device which measures the transmittance of a sample at any desired visible wavelength and simultaneously displays the visual transmittance spectrum of the sample . | 6 |
Efficient spectrographs at large telescopes have made it possible to obtain high-resolution spectra of stars with high signal-to-noise ratio and advances in model atmosphere analyses have enabled estimates of high-precision differential abundances of the elements from these spectra, i.e. with errors in the range 0.01-0.03 dex for F, G, and K stars. Methods to determine such high-precision abundances together with precise values of effective temperatures and surface gravities from equivalent widths of spectral lines or by spectrum synthesis techniques are outlined, and effects on abundance determinations from using a 3D non-LTE analysis instead of a classical 1D LTE analysis are considered. The determination of high-precision stellar abundances of the elements has led to the discovery of unexpected phenomena and relations with important bearings on the astrophysics of galaxies, stars, and planets, i.e. (i) Existence of discrete stellar populations within each of the main Galactic components (disk, halo, and bulge) providing new constraints on models for the formation of the Milky Way. (ii) Differences in the relation between abundances and elemental condensation temperature for the Sun and solar twins suggesting dust-cleansing effects in proto-planetary disks and/or engulfment of planets by stars; (iii) Differences in chemical composition between binary star components and between members of open or globular clusters showing that star- and cluster-formation processes are more complicated than previously thought; (iv) Tight relations between some abundance ratios and age for solar-like stars providing new constraints on nucleosynthesis and Galactic chemical evolution models as well as the composition of terrestrial exoplanets. We conclude that if stellar abundances with precisions of 0.01-0.03 dex can be achieved in studies of more distant stars and stars on the giant and supergiant branches, many more interesting future applications, of great relevance to stellar and galaxy evolution, are probable. Hence, in planning abundance surveys, it is important to carefully balance the need for large samples of stars against the spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio needed to obtain high-precision abundances. Furthermore, it is an advantage to work differentially on stars with similar atmospheric parameters, because then a simple 1D LTE analysis of stellar spectra may be sufficient. However, when determining high-precision absolute abundances or differential abundance between stars having more widely different parameters, e.g. metal-poor stars compared to the Sun or giants to dwarfs, then 3D non-LTE effects must be taken into account. | 9 |
a synthetic polyisoprene latex emulsion has pre - vulcanization composition and post vulcanization composition . the pre - vulcanization composition comprises soluble sulfur with high s 8 ring structure that is catalytically broken by a zinc dithiocarbamate . surfactants present in the pre - vulcanization composition wets synthetic polyisoprene particles and permeates small sized sulfur and accelerator molecules into the interior of these particles thereby pre - vulcanizing the particles . the degree of pre - vulcanization is verified by isopropanol index test . the latex emulsion has post - vulcanization composition with accelerators that crosslink inter - particle region during post vulcanization cure cycle . the dipped synthetic polyisoprene article is substantially uniformly cured both in the inter - particle and intra - particle regions and reliably exhibits high cross link density , uniform distribution of double bonds in tem and zinc segregation at the boundaries or original particles by electron microprobe analysis . the films exhibit high tensile strength , tensile modulus , tear strength , burst pressure and burst volume . | 2 |
the present invention relates to a method for characterizing a material using active pyrometry . the material comprises at least one thin surface layer arranged on a thick substrate . the present invention heats the surface of the material by exposing the material to high - frequency laser pulses , so as to perform a series of temperature increase / decrease thermal cycles , accompanied by a heat build - up from one cycle to the next . the present invention collects the emitted radiation , acquires and processes the signals measured by comparing the measured values to the theoretical values obtained by modelling , so as to obtain thermo - physical properties for characterizing the material . the present invention also relates to a device for implementing the method comprising a high - frequency pulsed laser used as heat source . | 6 |
In this thesis we present a range of observations of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs), a subclass of dust-obscured star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at redshifts of z~1-5. SMGs are among the most actively star forming sources ever observed, believed to contribute significantly to the star-formation rate density (SFRD) at its peak, so-called 'cosmic noon', at z~2. Given their extreme nature, SMGs provide a strong test of galaxy formation and evolution models. Advancements in instrumentation, in particular with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Area 2 (SCUBA-2) and the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA), have driven significant progress in SMGs studies over the last decade. We have now identified samples of hundreds of SMGs in survey fields with a plethora of photometric coverage, such as the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) and the Extended Chandra Deep Field Survey (ECDFS). Indeed, the main motivation of this thesis is to exploit these samples of SMGs, with a particular focus on the molecular and ionised gas properties, using state-of-the-art instrumentation such as ALMA and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) for the former, and the K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) mounted on the Very Large Telescope for the latter. <P />Firstly, in Chapter 2 we present CO observations of 47 SMGs, providing one of the largest and highest quality samples of its kind. With this study we demonstrate the capability of ALMA and NOEMA to undertake blind redshift scans in the 3mm waveband, and in doing so add significantly to the number of SMGs with spectroscopic redshifts, which prior to the work presented in this thesis was small. We also exploit the multi-wavelength coverage of the samples, together with the robust new spectroscopic redshifts, to model their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with the MAGPHYS code and subsequently estimate key physical properties such as stellar masses and star-formation rates. <P />Perhaps more importantly, this survey has allowed us to characterise the molecular gas content in the SMG population, along with its excitation properties, results from which we present in Chapter 3. We also show that the gas depletion timescale in SMGs remains constant, and given that SMGs are significant contributors to the star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z~2, the global evolution of star-formation in SMGs appears to coincide with the evolution of the molecular gas content, as opposed to any variation in star-formation efficiency. We provide a new test of the SMG population as descendants of massive local early-type galaxies, using the derived CO linewidths and baryonic masses. <P />In Chapter 4 we present our Large Programme with KMOS which, when completed, will have observed ~400 SMGs in the COSMOS, UDS and ECDFS fields. Expanding on the work of Chapters 2 and 3 this is designed to further add to the catalog of SMGs with spectroscopic redshifts by detecting the H_alpha and/or [OIII] emission, which probes ionised gas and can also be used to estimate star-formation rates. We detail the target selection and observing strategy of this survey, before presenting early results for 43 emission line-detected sources, including the H_alpha-derived star-formation rates, the mass-metallicity relation and BPT diagram. We also compare the H_alpha, rest-frame optical/near-infrared and dust sizes where available, finding median radii of R_e = 3.6+/-0.3 kpc, R_Halpha = 4.2+/-0.4 kpc and R_dust = 1.2+/-0.3 kpc. Additionally, the sample are consistent with a median Sersic index of n=1, i.e. with an exponential disc-like light profile. <P />The integral field spectrograph (IFS) capabilities of KMOS allow us to spatially resolve the H_alpha/[OIII] emission when it is sufficiently bright and extended, and this provides valuable diagnostics of the galaxy kinematics. Therefore, in Chapter 5 we present resolved H_alpha/[OIII] velocity and velocity dispersion maps for 36 SMGs, from which we derive rotation curves and dispersion profiles. We compare the derived kinematics of our SMGs with less active galaxies at lower redshifts, and divide the sample into 28 'ordered' sources with clear velocity gradients, and rotation curves which can be modelled as Freeman disks, and eight 'disordered' sources with much more messy velocity maps, from which little reliable kinematic information can be obtained. We measure a median rotational velocity of v_rot = 190+/-20 km/s and a median intrinsic velocity dispersion of sigma_0 = 87+/-5 km/s from the 'ordered' subset, both of which are significantly higher than the less actively star-forming galaxies to which we compare. The median ratio of rotational velocity to intrinsic velocity dispersion in the 'ordered' sample is v_rot/sigma_0 = 2.2+/-0.5, indicating that our sources are somewhat rotationally supported, and we therefore suggest that our SMG sample likely represents 'scaled-up' versions of more 'normal' star-forming galaxies, rather than merger-dominated systems. | 9 |
method and apparatus for accessing a network using remote subscriber identity information . subscriber identity information in a memory store within a device such as a mobile terminal can be remotely used by a second independent device . in the case of a gsm terminal , for example , one terminal would be able to utilize the subscriber identity information contained in the subscriber identity module of another terminal by establishing a local communication link between the two terminals . remote subscriber identity information is transferred over the local communication link and the communication terminal , which is using the remote subscriber identity information can register with the network using that information , thus , eliminating the need to transfer the sim . | 7 |
packet switching node in a communication system includes apparatus for receiving incoming information packets or frames which contain header portions with formatting control blocks . information in the frame &# 39 ; s header contains frame alteration commands for modifying the information in the frame . the modifications include adding new information , deleting information , and overlaying information . decoders and control devices in an alteration engine interpret the commands and apply the modifications to the frame data . common and standard data patterns are stored for insertion or overlaying to conserve data packet space . | 7 |
We present an extensive peakbagging effort on Kepler data of ∼50 red giant stars in the open star cluster NGC 6819. By employing sophisticated pre-processing of the time series and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques we extracted individual frequencies, heights and line widths for hundreds of oscillation modes. We show that the 'average' asteroseismic parameter δν<SUB>02</SUB>, derived from these, can be used to distinguish the stellar evolutionary state between the red giant branch (RGB) stars and red clump (RC) stars. Masses and radii are estimated using asteroseismic scaling relations, both empirically corrected to obtain self-consistency and agreement with independent measures of distance, and using updated theoretical corrections. Remarkable agreement is found, allowing the evolutionary state of the giants to be determined exclusively from the empirical correction to the scaling relations. We find a mean mass of the RGB stars and RC stars in NGC 6819 to be 1.61 ± 0.02 and 1.64 ± 0.02 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, respectively. The difference ΔM = -0.03 ± 0.01 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> is almost insensitive to systematics, suggesting very little RGB mass loss, if any. Stars that are outliers relative to the ensemble reveal overmassive members that likely evolved via mass transfer in a blue straggler phase. We suggest that KIC 4937011, a low-mass Li-rich giant, is a cluster member in the RC phase that experienced very high mass loss during its evolution. Such over- and undermassive stars need to be considered when studying field giants, since the true age of such stars cannot be known and there is currently no way to distinguish them from normal stars. | 9 |
the seat includes the structure of the backrest and the structure of the cushion , the former foldable backward to provide by a slight simultaneous elevation of the cushion its transformation into a bed as the folded backrest and the cushion are placed horizontally with their surfaces aligned . the structures and of the backrest and cushion are connected to each other by a swivelling shaft about which they can both revolve freely , so that folding backward the structure of the backrest implies pushing and raising the structure of the cushion , as it is connected on its anterior part by a hinged connecting rod between the structure of the cushion and the general fixed structure of the seat . | 1 |
a high speed multiple conveyor packaging system having product separating bars that separate a product into specific sized groups on moving opposing conveyors . two product streams diverge to meet the separating bars , and subsequently reconverge after separation for loading into a carton or package . separated conveyed product is channeled from opposing conveyors into another conveyed product carton from opposing carton ends . a tight package is formed by sets of formed guide bars which cause the package flaps to be stretched or formed to the position of maximum tightness about the product . | 1 |
a squelch detector , including : an input configured to receive an input signal ; a peak detector connected to the input configured to detect a maximum value of the input signal wherein the peak detector includes a refresh input configured to receive a refresh signal to refresh the output of the peak detector , a valley detector connected to the input configured to detect a minimum value of the input signal wherein the valley detector includes a refresh input configured to receive the refresh signal to refresh the output of the valley detector , and a comparator including a first signal input connected to an output of the peak detector , a second input connected to an output of the valley detector , and a first reference input , wherein the comparator is configured to compare a difference between an output of the peak detector and an output of the valley detector and a reference value received at the first reference input and configured to produce an output based upon the comparison . | 6 |
the invention provides a friction stir welding method of forming a weld portion having an excellent fatigue property in the case of welding a weld material by using a friction stir welding method . the invention provides a friction stir welding method structured such as to insert a tool provided in such a manner that a pin - shaped probe protrudes to an end surface of a columnar member to a weld material in a state of being rotated , and move the tool in a state of being rotated , thereby welding two or more weld materials in accordance with a friction stirring , in which a cavity portion is provided in a part of a weld portion of the weld material , a member is formed in the cavity portion , and the weld material is welded by the friction stirring . in accordance with the invention , since an unwelded portion is not formed near the cavity portion , a notch effect is reduced , and it is possible to form the weld member which is excellent in the fatigue property . | 1 |
a method and apparatus to enable ip networking for mobile hosts without requiring changes to be made to the tcp / ip stack in the operating system installed on the mobile hosts . the apparatus is an “ intelligent device ” that can be installed on or connected to a mobile host , and may comprise a software - only logical module , physical hardware , or a combination of both . to a mobile host , the intelligent device emulates a network interface such as an ethernet card or a telephone modem . the intelligent device appears to an access network just like any regular ip host connected to the access network through a physical network interface device . the intelligent device handles all mobile networking functions for the mobile host , and may control multiple different physical network interface devices to enable a connection to the “ best ” access network available to the mobile user at his location . | 7 |
a lens structure is pre - formed with features that facilitate accurate alignment of a light emitting chip within the lens structure . to ease manufacturing , the features include tapered walls that allow for easy insertion of the light emitting chip into the lens structure , the taper serving to accurately align the light emitting chip when the chip is fully inserted . the taper may include linearly sloped or curved walls , including complex shapes . an adhesive may be used to secure the light emitting chip to the lens structure . the light emitting chips may be picked - and - placed into an array of lens structures , or picked - and - placed onto a substrate that may be overlaid by the array of lens structures . | 6 |
a sputtering apparatus includes a first cover surrounding a periphery of a target , having a first opening through which sputtered particles from the target are emitted , and being made of a conductive material ; a second cover having a second opening through which the sputtered particles from the target are adhered onto a substrate , the second cover being made of a conductive material ; an o - ring placed between the first cover and the second cover to allow the first opening and the second opening to communicate with each other via a hollow center portionof the o - ring , the o - ring being made of an insulating material ; and a third cover placed via an insulating material over a face of at least one of the first cover and the second cover facing the o - ring , the third cover being made of a conductive material . | 7 |
a package for beverage containers such as cans arranged in two or more axially - stacked tiers includes a carton having interconnected top , bottom and side walls . end closure structure connected to at least some of the walls closes one end of the carton . a dispenser for the containers includes first and second apertures defined in the end closure structure . the first aperture extends from one of the side walls and the bottom wall into the end closure structure , and the second aperture extends from the same side wall and the top wall into the end closure structure . the first and second apertures terminate remote from each other such that a portion of the end closure structure extends between the apertures and is connected to the side wall . | 1 |
One of the main objectives of the European Space Agency's Ariel telescope (launch 2029) is to understand the formation and evolution processes of a large sample of planets in our Galaxy. Important indicators of such processes in giant planets are the elemental compositions of their atmospheres. Here we investigate the capability of Ariel to constrain four key atmospheric markers: metallicity, C/O, S/O, and N/O, for three well-known, representative hot-Jupiter atmospheres observed with transit spectroscopy, i.e. HD 209458b, HD 189733b, and WASP-121b. We have performed retrieval simulations for these targets to verify how the planetary formation markers listed above would be recovered by Ariel when observed as part of the Ariel Tier 3 survey. We have considered eight simplified different atmospheric scenarios with a cloud-free isothermal atmosphere. Additionally, extra cases were tested to illustrate the effect of C/O and metallicity in recovering the N/O. From our retrieval results, we conclude that Ariel is able to recover the majority of planetary formation markers. The contributions from CO and CO<SUB>2</SUB> are dominant for the C/O in the solar scenario. In a C-rich case, C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>, HCN, and CH<SUB>4</SUB> may provide additional spectral signatures that can be captured by Ariel. In our simulations, H<SUB>2</SUB>S is the main tracer for the S/O in hot-Jupiter atmospheres. In the super-solar metallicity cases and the cases with C/O > 1, the increased abundance of HCN is easily detectable and the main contributor to N/O, while other N-bearing species contribute little to the N/O in the investigated atmospheres. | 9 |
a process for the purification of waste of thermoplastic resins containing at least one member selected from among aromatic polycarbonates , aromatic polyester carbonates and aromatic polyesters and at least one of aluminum , lacquers and dyes which waste accumulates in the production of optical moldings is disclosed . the process which entails size reduction of the waste , chemical wash and filtering steps yields purified resins suitable for thermoplastic processing . | 8 |
a transmission power control technique allowing stable and reliable signal transmission in soft handover is disclosed . each of the base stations involved in soft handover measures an amount of loss of the base station selection signal . when the amount of loss of the base station selection signal exceeds a threshold , the transmission power of the downlink signal is not set to the minimum level but to the normally controlled level . further , a transmission power update timing of each base station is determined so that the downlink signal received at the mobile station changes in transmission power at a predetermined timing synchronized with that of other base stations . | 7 |
systems and methods include providing a router that may be deployed as multiple logical routers that share a common fast interconnect . these logical routers may functionally serve as core routers , peering routers , aggregation routers , etc . a further aspect of the system and methods is that the resources assigned to a logical router are allocated from a pool potentially including multitude of hardware cards . a further aspect of the system and methods is that a logical router may be independently managed by the owner of the router or by an owner of the logical router . | 7 |
The Earth is impacted by 35-40 metre-scale objects every year. These meteoroids are the low-mass end of impactors that can do damage on the ground. Despite this they are very poorly surveyed and characterized, too infrequent for ground-based fireball observation efforts, and too small to be efficiently detected by NEO telescopic surveys whilst still in interplanetary space. We want to evaluate the suitability of different instruments for characterizing metre-scale impactors and where they come from. We use data collected over the first 3 yr of operation of the continent-scale Desert Fireball Network, and compare results with other published results as well as orbital sensors. We find that although the orbital sensors have the advantage of using the entire planet as collecting area, there are several serious problems with the accuracy of the data, notably the reported velocity vector, which is key to getting an accurate pre-impact orbit and calculating meteorite fall positions. We also outline dynamic range issues that fireball networks face when observing large meteoroid entries. | 9 |
We present optical spectroscopy together with ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometry of SN 2019hcc, which resides in a host galaxy at redshift 0.044, displaying a sub-solar metallicity. The supernova spectrum near peak epoch shows a 'w' shape at around 4000 Å which is usually associated with O II lines and is typical of Type I superluminous supernovae. SN 2019hcc post-peak spectra show a well-developed H α P-Cygni profile from 19 d past maximum and its light curve, in terms of its absolute peak luminosity and evolution, resembles that of a fast-declining Hydrogen-rich supernova (SN IIL). The object does not show any unambiguous sign of interaction as there is no evidence of narrow lines in the spectra or undulations in the light curve. Our TARDIS spectral modelling of the first spectrum shows that carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO) at 19 000 K reproduce the 'w' shape and suggests that a combination of non-thermally excited CNO and metal lines at 8000 K could reproduce the feature seen at 4000 Å. The Bolometric light-curve modelling reveals that SN 2019hcc could be fit with a magnetar model, showing a relatively strong magnetic field (B > 3 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> G), which matches the peak luminosity and rise time without powering up the light curve to superluminous luminosities. The high-energy photons produced by the magnetar would then be responsible for the detected O II lines. As a consequence, SN 2019hcc shows that a 'w' shape profile at around 4000 Å, usually attributed to O II, is not only shown in superluminous supernovae and hence it should not be treated as the sole evidence of the belonging to such a supernova type. | 9 |
this invention relates to a pernasally administrable preparation for the controlled release of sexual hormones to the systemic circulation , in particular to a formulation which enables its active ingredient to be absorbed in a sustained manner providing a better bioavailability at very low doses and longer duration of action . | 0 |
a high - sensitivity pressure conduction sensor is presented . the present invention includes a pair of locally resilient conductive layers and a locally resilient pressure conduction composite disposed between and contacting both conductive layers . alternate embodiments include at least three locally resilient conductive layers and at least two locally resilient pressure conduction composites , each having a critical percolation threshold . each composite is disposed between and contacting two conductive layers in a multi - layer fashion . other embodiments include a locally resilient pressure conduction composite , a flexible substrate completely surrounding the composite so as to seal it therein , and a pair of electrical leads contacting the composite and terminating outside of the flexible substrate . pressure conduction composites are composed of a plurality of conductive particles electrically isolated within a non - conductive matrix . conductive particles are loaded so as to have a volume fraction approaching the critical percolation threshold of the material system and exhibit a conductance that greatly increases with pressure . sensors may be arranged to form one or more arrays including planar and conformal configurations . the present invention has immediate application in keyboards , intrusion systems , control systems , submarines , ships , sonobuoys , doors , and switches . | 6 |
a method and circuit for transferring multiple bits of data across asynchronous clock domains is provided . the method includes detecting a change in a status bit of a data word being transferred from a source in a source clock domain to a destination register in a destination clock domain , the source clock and destination clock being asynchronous . the method includes sampling the detected change in reference to a change window where the change window is sized to encompass all bits of the data word . a stable input is selected for each bistable circuit of the destination register based on whether the detected change in the status bit is likely to produce metastability in the receiving register . | 7 |
there is described a method for preventing vehicle theft , the method comprising embedding multiple signal emitting devices in a vehicle , each one of the signal emitting devices being camouflaged among a part of the vehicle and hidden from view , each one of the signal emitting devices being independent of a power source for the vehicle and adapted to emit a signal actively without prompt at a given tuned frequency , at a given time , and at a given signal strength . | 1 |
Neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (NS LMXBs) have traditionally been broken down into two classes based on their correlated spectral and timing properties, as well as their positions on the X-ray color-color diagram, which implies a dichotomy. In this work, we report on X-ray (NICER/NuSTAR/Swift/MAXI) timing and spectroscopic results and radio (MeerKAT) observations from a three-month monitoring campaign (in 2022) of the NS LMXB 1A 1744-361. The X-ray hardness-intensity and color-color diagrams suggest that 1A 1744-361 spent the majority of the outburst in an atoll state, but we discovered that the source exhibited properties consistent with traditional Z sources at the peak of the outburst. For instance, the source showed normal branch-like quasi-periodic oscillations (NBO-like QPOs) with a fractional rms amplitude of ~5%, which we connect to the NBOs seen from traditional Z sources. Our observations of 1A 1744-361 are fully consistent with the idea of the mass accretion rate being the main distinguishing parameter between atoll and Z sources. MeerKAT monitoring data in the radio showed that the source was at its radio-brightest during the peak of the outburst, and that the source transitioned from the 'island' to the 'banana' spectral state within ~3 days of the outburst onset, launching transient jet ejecta. The MeerKAT observations present the strongest evidence for radio flaring, including jet ejecta, during the island-to-banana state transition at the lowest accretion rates. We thus show that atoll and Z sources are not two distinct source classes, but instead represent two states on a mass accretion rate continuum; and with 1A 1744-361, we are probing the boundary between the atoll and Z states. | 9 |
a rules engine acquires sensor data from sensors applied to the heart to determine the presence of a rapid heartbeat . the rules engine applies rules to the sensor data to determine whether to deliver an electrical waveform to a vagus nerve . the rules engine further determines whether an electrical waveform should be applied to the heart and , if so , the type of electrical waveform . | 0 |
the present disclosure relates to fiber optic connection systems including fiber optic connector having retractable noses for protecting bare fiber ends of ferrule - less connectors . in certain examples , the retractable noses are used in combination with protective shutters . in other examples , the retractable noses can accommodate multiple optical fibers . | 6 |
a method for making an electronic device having an integrated circuit chip connected to an antenna . a chip is transferred into an impression provided in a substrate made of insulating material . the chip is connected to an antenna by hot lamination of an insulating support - sheet bearing the antenna . the method ensures a high quality electrical connection between the chip and the antenna , and enables the connection of a chip matrix with a plurality of antennae in a large - size circuit to be produced in one single step . | 7 |
a heating structure in the form of a sandwich is composed of first and second external elements , each having a face which is directed toward the other element , with the first external element constituting a heating plate , and the heating structure further including a heating unit interposed between the first and second external elements . the heating unit includes at least one substantially flat resistive heat generating element ; a first layer of thermoplastic resin in which the heat generating element is embedded ; an upper electrical insulating sheet and a lower electrical insulating sheet between which the resistive heat generating element and the first layer of thermoplastic resin are interposed to form a sandwich structure , with the first layer of thermoplastic resin adhering to each of the electrical insulating sheets ; and at least one second layer of thermoplastic resin contacting one of the external elements and adhering the one of the external elements to the heating unit . the heating unit further includes at least one further electrical insulating sheet contacting , and adhering to , the at least one second layer of thermoplastic resin ; and an intermediate layer of adhesive material interposed between , and adhering to , one of the upper and lower electrical insulating sheets and the at least one further electrical insulating sheet . | 7 |
an antifriction bearing includes a fixed ring which comprises a steel containing up to about 10 % of residual austenite . an alternator for vehicles includes a stator mounted on a frame , a rotor having its rotary shaft rotatably supported by a pair of bearings on the frame and a drive pulley mounted on one end of the shaft projecting outward from the frame . the outer ring of at least the bearing toward the pulley comprises a steel containing up to about 10 % of residual austenite . | 7 |
a shock sensor has a housing with two portions . a first portion resiliently engages a reed switch which has staple formed leads . a second portion extends adjacent one of the reed switch leads and has modular components which permit consistent shock - sensing results to be obtained from reed switches of varying sensitivity by selection of appropriate components . the second portion is a closed - ended hollow tube in which a bobbin with a centrally located guide bar is inserted . a first disk extends outwardly from the guide bar . a self - test coil is positioned on the bar between the first disk and a second disk . a biasing spring extends between the closed end of the tube and the magnet , which is mounted on the bar . the magnet is abutted against a second disk which extends from the bar . the second disk positions the actuation magnet with respect to the reed switch when it is in its non - actuated position . by substituting different bobbin and the actuation springs , shock sensors are easily created which achieve identical functions with reed switches of varying amp turn requirements for actuation . | 7 |
provided is a cassette holder device in a tape recording apparatus having a body , which receives either one or more than two kinds of tape cassettes having different sizes , and loads thereof in the tape recorder body , comprising : a cassette holder member , having an insertion opening , for storing and holding therein a large size tape cassette ; and a small size tape cassette guide member disposed rotatably so that it can project into the insertion opening of the cassette holder member from above the latter , having one of side surfaces facing one of side surfaces of an inserted small size cassette with a slight gap therebetween so as to regulate and guide the position of insertion of the small size tape cassette , the one side surface of the small tape cassette guide member guiding the one side surface of the small size tape cassette so as to introduce the latter into the holder member while the guide member is rotated upward by insertion force of a large size tape cassette which is inserted into the insertion opening of the holder member and is therefore retracted outside of an insertion path of the large size tape cassette . | 6 |
a crimp height adjusting mechanism in a machine for crimping terminals onto the ends of conductors of flexible flat cables . the adjusting mechanism is interposed between the movable crimping die and its drive mechanism and effects changes in crimp height by varying its length . the adjusting mechanism utilizes a sliding wedge block that causes a followed member to extend or recede a desired amount . an adjusting screw controls the sliding movement of the wedge so that very precise changes in crimp height can be achieved . | 1 |
We simulate the phase-space distribution of stellar mass in nine massive Λ cold dark matter galaxy clusters by applying the semi-analytic particle tagging method of Cooper et al. to the Phoenix suite of high-resolution N-body simulations (M<SUB>200</SUB> ≈ 7.5-33 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). The resulting surface brightness (SB) profiles of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) match well to observations. On average, stars formed in galaxies accreted by the BCG account for ≳90 per cent of its total mass (the remainder is formed in situ). In circular BCG-centred apertures, the superposition of multiple debris clouds (each ≳10 per cent of the total BCG mass) from different progenitors can result in an extensive outer diffuse component, qualitatively similar to a `cD envelope'. These clouds typically originate from tidal stripping at z ≲ 1 and comprise both streams and the extended envelopes of other massive galaxies in the cluster. Stars at very low SB contribute a significant fraction of the total cluster stellar mass budget: in the central 1 Mpc<SUP>2</SUP> of a z ∼ 0.15 cluster imaged at SDSS-like resolution, our fiducial model predicts 80-95 per cent of stellar mass below a SB of μ<SUB>V</SUB> ∼ 26.5 mag arcsec<SUP>-2</SUP> is associated with accreted stars in the envelope of the BCG. The ratio of BCG stellar mass (including this diffuse component) to total cluster stellar mass is ∼30 per cent. | 9 |
a cable pulling device for installing a second cable along side an existing first cable . the cable puller consists of a body with a motor mounted to the body . the motor has an output shaft attached to a drive wheel . the drive wheel turns against the first cable to propel the cable puller along the first cable . the cable puller also includes a motor controller operably coupled to the motor to control the motion of the motor . a cable clamp is attached to the body to secure a second cable as it is pulled into position along side the first cable . | 7 |
unnecessary operations are eliminated in the calculation of a non - decompression limit at the current water dept . in this manner , the calculation of the non - decompression limit is made more efficient and the required computing time is shorten to the point where the function can be incorporated into a wrist worn device that provides timely data . | 1 |
a cold cathode lighting system comprising a cold cathode lamp with electrodes on either end of the lamp , oriented such that it includes an electrode extension in order to return the electrode to the same parallel position as the main body of the lamp . the lamp &# 39 ; s electrodes are inserted into a casing that is comprised of a casing covers on either ends of the casing which may slid be opened . the casing covers interact with a electrode cover assembly underneath the casing covers , that allows the lamp to be inserted when the casing covers are opened . the closing of the casing covers will safely engage an interconnection with the lamp &# 39 ; s electrodes through the electrode cover assembly . | 5 |
The Juno mission<SUP>1</SUP> has provided an accurate determination of Jupiter's gravitational field<SUP>2</SUP>, which has been used to obtain information about the planet's composition and internal structure. Several models of Jupiter's structure that fit the probe's data suggest that the planet has a diluted core, with a total heavy-element mass ranging from ten to a few tens of Earth masses (about 5 to 15 per cent of the Jovian mass), and that heavy elements (elements other than hydrogen and helium) are distributed within a region extending to nearly half of Jupiter's radius<SUP>3,4</SUP>. Planet-formation models indicate that most heavy elements are accreted during the early stages of a planet's formation to create a relatively compact core<SUP>5-7</SUP> and that almost no solids are accreted during subsequent runaway gas accretion<SUP>8-10</SUP>. Jupiter's diluted core, combined with its possible high heavy-element enrichment, thus challenges standard planet-formation theory. A possible explanation is erosion of the initially compact heavy-element core, but the efficiency of such erosion is uncertain and depends on both the immiscibility of heavy materials in metallic hydrogen and on convective mixing as the planet evolves<SUP>11,12</SUP>. Another mechanism that can explain this structure is planetesimal enrichment and vaporization<SUP>13-15</SUP> during the formation process, although relevant models typically cannot produce an extended diluted core. Here we show that a sufficiently energetic head-on collision (giant impact) between a large planetary embryo and the proto-Jupiter could have shattered its primordial compact core and mixed the heavy elements with the inner envelope. Models of such a scenario lead to an internal structure that is consistent with a diluted core, persisting over billions of years. We suggest that collisions were common in the young Solar system and that a similar event may have also occurred for Saturn, contributing to the structural differences between Jupiter and Saturn<SUP>16-18</SUP>. | 9 |
We present angular diameter distance measurements obtained by locating the BAO scale in the distribution of galaxies selected from the first year of Dark Energy Survey data. We consider a sample of over 1.3 million galaxies distributed over a footprint of 1336 deg<SUP>2</SUP> with 0.6 < z<SUB>photo</SUB> < 1 and a typical redshift uncertainty of 0.03(1 + z). This sample was selected, as fully described in a companion paper, using a color/magnitude selection that optimizes trade-offs between number density and redshift uncertainty. We investigate the BAO signal in the projected clustering using three conventions, the angular separation, the co-moving transverse separation, and spherical harmonics. Further, we compare results obtained from template based and machine learning photometric redshift determinations. We use 1800 simulations that approximate our sample in order to produce covariance matrices and allow us to validate our distance scale measurement methodology. We measure the angular diameter distance, D<SUB>A</SUB>, at the effective redshift of our sample divided by the true physical scale of the BAO feature, r<SUB>d</SUB>. We obtain close to a 4 per cent distance measurement of D<SUB>A</SUB>(z<SUB>eff</SUB> = 0.81)/r<SUB>d</SUB> = 10.75 ± 0.43. These results are consistent with the flat ΛCDM concordance cosmological model supported by numerous other recent experimental results. | 9 |
First release of code for bias modification research | 9 |
refining a user query is disclosed . in one method , a query is received from a user , and then mapped to one or more search concepts . a list of search concepts associated associated with the query is then displayed . alternatively or additionally , the search concepts associated with the query are used to provide a set of improved search results . in another method , a number of queries from a number of users are analyzed to identify two or more search concepts , and a popularity value is assigned to them based on the queries . thus , the relative popularity of the respective search concepts can be determined . alternatively or additionally , a preferred search query for the search concepts can be determined . the popularity and preferred queries can be used to allow automatic or user - initiated refinement . | 8 |
a package for a liquid which is purified includes a neck with a lock - chamber slidable therein . the lock - chamber includes a purifying substance through which the liquid passes when dispensed . at one end of the lock chamber , a plug is positioned to block passage of the liquid through the lock - chamber when the lock - chamber is projected from the neck and to allow passage of the liquid when the lock - chamber is pushed down into the neck . | 0 |
high powered lasers of substantially any wavelength produced by certain processes including the process of providing a structure comprising a substrate with an epi structure thereon comprising a gain region with multiple quantum wells , a mirror stack coupled to the gain region , and a conductive layer coupled to the mirror stack ; dividing the conductive layer into a conductive , central area and one or more dielectric , peripheral areas ; attaching a conductive plate to the conductive layer ; thinning the substrate to improve the passage of light therethrough to produce a substrate remnant ; and attaching an electrode to the substrate remnant . | 7 |
The nearly 33 yr long-term radio light curve obtained with the Metsähovi Radio Observatory 14 m telescope at 37 GHz and the recent 12.7 yr γ-ray light curve of the blazar S5 0716+714 at 0.1-300 GeV from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) were analyzed by using the Lomb-Scargle periodogram and the weighted wavelet Z-transform techniques. In the radio light curve, we discovered a possible quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signal of about 352 ± 23 days at a confidence level of ~3σ. We recalculated the periodicity and its significance in a chosen time range that has higher variability and denser sampling, and then found that the significance had increased to a confidence level of 99.996% (~4.1σ). This QPO component was further confirmed by fitting a linear autoregressive integrated moving average model to the selected radio light curve. A possible QPO of 960 ± 80 days at a 99.35% level (~2.7σ) was found in the γ-ray light curve, which generally agrees with the earlier QPO claims of S5 0716+714. This paper discusses possible mechanisms for this potential year-like QPO. One possibility is a pure geometrical scenario with blobs moving helically inside the jet. Another is a supermassive binary black hole involving a gravitational wave-driven regime. In the latter scenario, we derived a milliparsec separation in the binary system that undergoes coalescence within a century due to the emission of low-frequency gravitational waves. | 9 |
We investigate the effects of a massive ($\gtrsim 4\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr) on stellar streams using test particle simulations in a realistic Milky Way potential. We find that Sgr can easily disrupt streams formed more than ~3 Gyr ago, while stars stripped more recently are generally unaffected. In certain realizations, Sgr is able to produce asymmetry between the leading and trailing tails of Pal 5, qualitatively similar to observations. Using data from the Gaia space telescope and elsewhere, we fit models to the GD-1 stream in the presence of a Sgr with various initial masses. While the best-fitting models do show perturbations resulting from interactions with Sgr, we find that the level of disruption is not significantly greater than in the observed stream. To investigate the general effects of Sgr on a population of streams, we generate 1000 mock streams on GD-1-like orbits with randomized orientations. Some streams show clear evidence of disruption, becoming folded on the sky or developing asymmetry between their two tails. However, many survive unaffected and the peak surface brightness of stars is decreased by no more than ~0.3 mag arcsec<SUP>-</SUP><SUP>2</SUP> on average. We conclude that Sgr having an initial mass of $\gtrsim 4\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ is compatible with the survival and detection of streams formed more than 3 Gyr ago. | 9 |
belt band clamping device for safety belt in motor vehicles having a roll - up roller on which the belt is wound and unwound , and a swivelable deflector member having a cambered deflector surface which interacts with a fixed clamping surface in such manner that an increased torque acting on the deflector , tilts it , and causes the belt to be locked between the clamping surface and the deflector member . | 1 |
a nozzle liner is secured to a nozzle support structure with interlocking clips . after moving the liner axially into engagement cantilever spring abuts a clip which retains the liner . the liner is easily installed , spring engagement may be confirmed , and the liner is readily removable . | 8 |
disclosed is a method for realizing gray levels of a liquid crystal display device , which realize various gray levels by interworking a gamma voltage and a sub - frame . the method includes the steps of dividing a liquid crystal response time interval for a pixel during one frame into n sequential sub - frames , enabling the pixel and applying a gamma voltage having a fixed level to the pixel , filling electric charges in the pixel by using the gamma voltage during each of the n specific sub - frames , and disabling the pixel at an end time point of a predetermined i th sub - frame , the i being an integer , wherein an amount of light projected on the pixel is adjusted by regulating a time point at which the pixel is disabled during each of the n specific sub - frames . | 6 |
system and method for determining the updating time by a server presumed to have a correct time and a client needing a correct time . the server can first transmit an unencrypted signal , which may be signed or unsigned . the server can then later encrypt or sign the same packet it transmitted with a private key and transmit it to the client . after the client receives the unencrypted packet , the client can compute a time difference . however the client doesn &# 39 ; t update its time until a follow - up packet is received from the server . if encrypted , the packet is decoded with the server &# 39 ; s public key , and the decoded packet is shown identical to the received packet and that the identification bits are the same . | 7 |
a bridge overhang system which enables forms to be secured to a bridge girder member without the necessity of a construction worker standing under the girder to secure the form to the girder . more particularly described , a funnel bracket unit connected to the form has guide surface which enables a hanger rod to be guided to a securing member of the overhang bracket unit from above the girder member . the system of the present invention has a support beam with an opening defined therein , a retainer positioned along a surface of the support beam at the opening ; and a support rod extending through the support beam to the retainer . the support rod connectably engages the retainer upon insertion of the support rod to the retainer . additionally , the retainer may include a bracket having a plurality of sides with at least one of the sides being operable for connection to the form to provide support for the form . an engagement member may be positioned between the sides and serve to engage the support rod extended into the engagement member to provide support from the support beam . a guide surface may extend between the sides of the bracket to the engagement member . preferably , the engagement member is a threaded nut and the guide surface is preferably shaped like a funnel . | 4 |
this invention relates generally to software , and more specifically , to systems and methods to establish a directory of any kind of offer , whether commercial or non - commercial . the invention enables any person to create a forum for any kind of offer without the intervention or action of the operator of the directory , permitting the directory to be extended to offer types not even understood by the operators of the directory . the invention further enables persons making offers of every type to advertise their offers in such directory , and to rapidly update their offers as market conditions change . the invention further enables consumers to review offers in such directories , and compare offers based on price , years of experience , and other quantified metrics . the invention further enables consumers to invite those making a particular type of offer to bid on a specific job , and for such bids to be organized in charts , maps , and lists from which the consumer can compare the prices and qualifications of those bidding . the invention further enables a reward system providing incentives to people who induce those making offers to list their offers on such directory . | 2 |
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