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one aspect of the embodiments utilizes an information processing apparatus connected to another information processing apparatus via a transmitting path . an embodiment includes a communication request generation unit generating a communication request to the other information processing apparatus , a network management unit outputting a first data having an address of a first form to the other information processing apparatus based on the communication request , and a sending unit sending the second data to the transmitting path . the address converting unit converts the first data that the network management unit has output to second data including an address of a second form and outputs the second data when the address converting unit has received a sending request of the first data from the network management unit or when designated time has elapsed before receiving the sending request of the first data from the network management unit . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a novel process for preparing sustained release tablets containing medicinal compounds and the products prepared by said process . the present invention is directed to a method of preparing a sustained release pharmaceutical composition having a predetermined drug release profile , but which is deviated therefrom by adding a tableting effective amount of a water insoluble or partially insoluble cellulose , to said pharmaceutical composition comprised of a drug in a therapeutically effective amount , and sustained release carrier present in amounts effective retard the release of the drug from the pharmaceutical composition and said cellulose , the latter being present in an aqueous system , the improvement comprising adding to the composition an effective amount of maltodextrin to retard the increase on the rate of release of the drug from the addition of said cellulose thereto . | 0 |
a method for transmitting organization information items from a base station to mobile stations in a radio communications system which offers a plurality of services within a radio cell of the base station . the organization information items are subdivided into first and second organization information items on the basis of the services requested at a given moment and only the first organization information items are transmitted . as a result , the currently required information items are made available in a manner that saves resources , yet the integration of new services is made possible . the method is suitable for tdma / cdma and cdma transmission systems . | 7 |
a ski glove having a strap extending diagonally across the palm and between a thumb - receiving pocket and an index finger - receiving pocket is fastened to the rear of the glove and includes a clip thereon for engaging a mating latch mechanism formed on the hand - grip of a ski pole such that the skier may more rapidly engage and disengage his hand from the ski pole than can be accomplished when conventional ski pole straps are employed . the quick - connected / disconnect feature is important in certain competitions where skiing and another activity , e . g ., rifle shooting , are involved . discussed are several connected / disconnect devices . | 8 |
an exercise device has foot supports on which a user stands for performing a stair stepping exercise alone , or a cross country skiing exercise alone , or simultaneously a stair stepping exercise and a cross country skiing exercise . linkage support frames each have a first linkage and a second linkage pivotally connected to each other for maintaining foot supports in a horizontal plane . a fluid cylinder provides a mechanism for resisting the vertical movement of the foot supports . manually gripped poles are mounted to move in coordination with generally horizontal movement of foot supports . separate embodiments of the invention are shown in figs . 5 - 13 for performing simultaneously a stair stepping exercise and a cross country skiing or walking exercise . an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention which may be folded downwardly for low vertical profile storage is illustrated in fig . 14 . | 0 |
a ski binding for downhill skiing and cross - country skiing has a plate which can be pivoted upwards in the front region about an axis located transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski . a front ski binding and a rear heel holder for a ski boot or cross - country ski boot are fastened on the plate . at least one catch element which is arranged in front of , or in the region of , the rear sole holder can be used to secure the plate , in its rear region , on the abutment fitted on the ski . in addition , at least one catch element is arranged in the front region of the plate . the plate is fixed on the ski , and reinforced , in the manner of a conventional downhill ski binding by the further catch element in the front region of the ski binding and , in the locked state , is anchored at the front end and at the rear end , and at a number of locations therebetween , on parts of the ski or parts which have been fixed to the ski . | 0 |
devices , systems and methods for compressing , cutting , incising , reconfiguring , remodeling , attaching , repositioning , supporting , dislocating or altering the composition of tissues or anatomical structures to alter their positional or force relationship to other tissues or anatomical structures . in some applications , the invention may be used to used to improve patency or fluid flow through a body lumen or cavity . | 0 |
We use the data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) to study the kinematic properties of Milky Way globular clusters. We measure the mean parallaxes and proper motions (PM) for 170 clusters, determine the PM dispersion profiles for more than 100 clusters, uncover rotation signatures in more than 20 objects, and find evidence for radial or tangential PM anisotropy in a dozen richest clusters. At the same time, we use the selection of cluster members to explore the reliability and limitations of the Gaia catalogue itself. We find that the formal uncertainties on parallax and PM are underestimated by $10{-}20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in dense central regions even for stars that pass numerous quality filters. We explore the spatial covariance function of systematic errors, and determine a lower limit on the uncertainty of average parallaxes and PM at the level 0.01 mas and 0.025 mas yr$^{-1}$ , respectively. Finally, a comparison of mean parallaxes of clusters with distances from various literature sources suggests that the parallaxes for stars with $G>13$ (after applying the zero-point correction suggested by Lindegren et al.) are overestimated by $\sim 0.01\pm 0.003$ mas. Despite these caveats, the quality of Gaia astrometry has been significantly improved in EDR3 and provides valuable insights into the properties of star clusters. | 9 |
a framework is disclosed for generating user interfaces for application programs , such as web application programs . the framework may provide a first set of database tables to define screens including tables that describe components , screen layout , component configuration , application model assignment , and / or event handling . the framework may further provide a first set of transactions for maintaining the first set of database tables and hypertext transfer protocol response means for generating the web pages by accessing the first set of database tables . | 6 |
an electro - thermal wing ice protection solution controller for managing and controlling electrical power generated to heat and de - ice the wing of an aircraft . the system is comprised of a number of power control modules and at least one master control unit . these elements can be stacked together and mounted into rack systems in order to provide scalable organized power distribution for a wing de - icing and ice protection system . | 1 |
We investigate the binary content of the two stellar populations that coexist in the globular cluster NGC 3201. Previous studies of binary stars in globular clusters have reported higher binary fractions in their first populations (P1, having field-like abundances) compared to their second populations (P2, having anomalous abundances). This is interpreted as evidence for the latter forming more centrally concentrated. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis focusses on the cluster centre, where comparable binary fractions between the populations are predicted because of short relaxation times. However, we find that even in the centre of NGC 3201, the observed binary fraction of P1 is higher (23.1 ± 6.2)% compared to (8.2 ± 3.5)% in P2. Our results are difficult to reconcile with a scenario in which the populations only differ in their initial concentrations, but instead suggests that the populations also formed with different fractions of binary stars. | 9 |
a high power laser dump having defined laser beam introduction angles to the internal surface of a cylinder to maximize energy dispersion and absorption and having two zones formed of distinctive reflective and absorbing materials . | 7 |
We use hydrodynamical simulations of a Cartwheel-like ring galaxy, modelled as a nearly head-on collision of a small companion with a larger disc galaxy, to probe the evolution of the gaseous structures and flows, and to explore the physical conditions setting the star formation activity. Star formation is first quenched by tides as the companion approaches, before being enhanced shortly after the collision. The ring ploughs the disc material as it radially extends, and almost simultaneously depletes its stellar and gaseous reservoir into the central region, through the spokes, and finally dissolve 200 Myr after the collision. Most of star formation first occurs in the ring before this activity is transferred to the spokes and then the nucleus. We thus propose that the location of star formation traces the dynamical stage of ring galaxies, and could help constrain their star formation histories. The ring hosts tidal compression associated with strong turbulence. This compression yields an azimuthal asymmetry, with maxima reached in the side furthest away from the nucleus, which matches the star formation activity distribution in our models and in observed ring systems. The interaction triggers the formation of star clusters significantly more massive than before the collision, but less numerous than in more classical galaxy interactions. The peculiar geometry of Cartwheel-like objects thus yields a star (cluster) formation activity comparable to other interacting objects, but with notable second order differences in the nature of turbulence, the enhancement of the star formation rate, and the number of massive clusters formed. | 9 |
a focus adjusting device is a type of an autofocusing device having a servomechanism which drives the lens of a camera to bring it into focus . the focus adjusting device is provided with an annunciator for informing an operator of the state of focus of the camera lens . the annunciator is actuated after confirming the finish of the distance measuring operation of the device and the stop of the lens in the focused position . | 6 |
provided is a field emission device using carbon nanotubes . the field emission device includes a substrate , a cathode , a gate insulating layer , an electron emitter , and a gate electrode . the cathode is formed on the substrate . the gate insulating layer is formed on the cathode and has a well exposing a portion of the cathode . the electron emitter is formed on the exposed portion of the cathode . the gate electrode is formed on the gate insulating layer and has a gate hole corresponding to the well . the gate electrode further includes a cylindrical electrode part that forms a focusing electric field from the gate hole toward a proceeding path of an electron beam . accordingly , a focusing electric field can be formed around an electron beam emitted from the electron emitter so as to converge and focus the electron beam passing through the focusing electric field . as a result , color purity , brightness , and durability can be improved . | 7 |
Detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background, particularly radiation from individually unresolvable supermassive black hole binary systems, is one of the primary targets for pulsar timing arrays. Increasingly more stringent upper limits are being set on these signals under the assumption that the background radiation is isotropic. However, some level of anisotropy may be present and the characterization of the gravitational wave energy density at different angular scales carries important information. We show that the standard analysis for isotropic backgrounds can be generalized in a conceptually straightforward way to the case of generic anisotropic background radiation by decomposing the angular distribution of the gravitational wave energy density on the sky into multipole moments. We introduce the concept of generalized overlap reduction functions which characterize the effect of the anisotropy multipoles on the correlation of the timing residuals from the pulsars timed by a pulsar timing array. In a search for a signal characterized by a generic anisotropy, the generalized overlap reduction functions play the role of the so-called Hellings and Downs curve used for isotropic radiation. We compute the generalized overlap reduction functions for a generic level of anisotropy and pulsar timing array configuration. We also provide an order of magnitude estimate of the level of anisotropy that can be expected in the background generated by supermassive black hole binary systems. | 9 |
a system for photographically displaying the magnitude of a physical variable . in one embodiment , a sensor mounted on a movable probe produces an electrical signal indicative of the physical variable . the electrical signal then drives a lamp which is also mounted on the movable probe . a photographic time exposure of the lamp made while the probe scans an area provides a two - dimensional map of the physical variable . in another embodiment , a position transducer measures probe movement to provide an output indicative of the position of the sensor . the transducer output drives a positioning mechanism on which the lamp is mounted so that movement of the lamp corresponds to the movement of the sensor . | 1 |
the invention relates to a method for the multimodal representation of image contents on a display unit for video holograms . said unit comprises at least one or several light sources , an optical system , and a spatial light modulator slm with hologram contents . according to the inventive method , the unit directs the wavefront that an object would emit to the associated eye positions such that the viewer sees the reconstruction of the scene and different views are presented to the eyes by means of temporal or spatial multiplexing in order to generate the stereo effect . the inventive method is characterized in that the light of the zero order of diffraction is directed to the eye positions for a holographic representation in a first mode , whereby the viewer sees the reconstructed scene , while the non - diffracted light is directed to the eye positions for a direct representation in a second mode , whereby the viewer sees an autostereoscopic and / or a 2d representation on the slm . the invention also relates to display units for implementing said method . | 6 |
a physical quantity sensor for detecting a physical quantity includes : a first substrate having a first physical quantity detection element ; a second substrate having a second physical quantity detection element , wherein the second substrate contacts the first substrate ; and an accommodation space disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate . the first physical quantity detection element is disposed in the accommodation space . the first physical quantity detection element is protected with the first substrate and the second substrate since the first physical quantity detection element is sealed in the accommodation space . | 7 |
Here, we present positions and radial velocities for over 4000 globular clusters (GCs) in 27 nearby early-type galaxies from the SLUGGS survey. The SLUGGS survey is designed to be representative of elliptical and lenticular galaxies in the stellar mass range 10 < log {M}<SUB>* </SUB>/M <SUB>⊙</SUB> < 11.7. The data have been obtained over many years, mostly using the very stable multi-object spectrograph DEIMOS on the Keck II 10 m telescope. Radial velocities are measured using the calcium triplet lines, with a velocity accuracy of ±10-15 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We use phase space diagrams (I.e., velocity-position diagrams) to identify contaminants such as foreground stars and background galaxies, and to show that the contribution of GCs from neighboring galaxies is generally insignificant. Likely ultra-compact dwarfs are tabulated separately. We find that the mean velocity of the GC system is close to that of the host galaxy systemic velocity, indicating that the GC system is in overall dynamical equilibrium within the galaxy potential. We also find that the GC system velocity dispersion scales with host galaxy stellar mass, in a similar manner to the Faber-Jackson relation for the stellar velocity dispersion. Publication of these GC radial velocity catalogs should enable further studies in many areas, such as GC system substructure, kinematics, and host galaxy mass measurements. | 9 |
a method for charging for services in a communication system comprises a charging entity . the method comprises a step of sending a first message to the charging entity . the method also comprises a step of generating a charging identity at the charging entity if it is determined that the first message does not include a charging identity . | 7 |
drawing apparatus for the preparation of technical drawings has a support for a drawing board on which paper may be attached . the support defines a frame surrounding the board which frame includes an upstanding lip for engagement by drawing instruments . front , rear and side walls depend downwardly from the frame , and flare outwardly somewhat so that a series of apparatuses may be stacked for storage , with one nested partially within another . the lower edge of each side wall defines shoulders arranged so that the drawing surface may be disposed at one of three different angles to the horizontal when placed on a support surface , with that surface engaging different parts of the side walls . the frame may include an open - topped recess for holding drawing instruments , which recess will be closed by the next apparatus up , in a stack of such apparatus . | 1 |
a manual game is provided which simulates american football . the game has a playing surface with multiple openings having indicia associated with football activities , and players toss game pieces at the surface in order to achieve football action determined by the indicia of the opening into which a game piece drops . the game includes a goal the structure with a pair of uprights , and players attempt to score field goals and points after touchdown by tossing a game piece between the uprights . a plurality of template plates are provided to effect different games , and each template plate has a subset of the openings and covers at least one of them . as a result , different games are available with different patterns of openings . a blank , planar form is provided which can be folded and assembled into a game chassis which includes the playing surface . the form is made of an inexpensive sheet material which can be manufactured easily , and it is of such a configuration that it can be assembled easily by individuals of ordinary skill . | 0 |
a device for measuring the presence or time - average amounts of at least one selected gas in a mixture thereof which comprises an enclosure having therewithin at least one substance which interacts with the gas to be monitored . attenuating means associated with the enclosure regulate gas movement within said enclosure to insure that an essentially placid layer of gas exists between the attenuating means and the reactive substance insuring that the amount of selected gas available to react with the interactive substance is basically a function of the concentration of the gas or gases being measured and its diffusion through the placid layer . the amount of selected gas measured is substantially independent of the velocity and impinging angle of the gas mixture at the interface of the enclosure with the ambient gas mixture . the device is capable of controlling mass uptake and response time without losing velocity and angle independence . the control of mass uptake can be accomplished independent of the concentration of detectable gas . | 6 |
the invention relates to implants , for use in human and in veterinary medicine . the novel implants form , after implantation , an integral structure with the surrounding tissues . the implants consist of a rigid core which is coated with a well adhering matrix , in which there are embedded collagen fibers , part of which protrude from the surface of said matrix . a wide variety of solid physiologically acceptable materials can be used . the matrix may optionally contain additives , such as fibronectin , platelet derived growth factor , bone morphogenic proteins , growth factors , vitamin d or hormones , or a combination of any of these . | 0 |
compounds of the formula ## str1 ## wherein r is aliphatic hydrocarbyl , alicyclic hydrocarbyl or aryl suitably substituted , if desired , or a heterocyclic group , r 1 is hydrogen or alkyl , r 2 is alkyl or alkoxy , r 3 is ## str2 ## wherein a is 0 or 1 , r 4 is hydrogen or cw &# 39 ; 3 , the w &# 39 ; being hydrogen or halogen , z is halogen and x is halogen , hydroxy , alkoxy , acetoxy , carbethoxyalkoxy , phenoxy , alkylthio , carbethoxyalkylthio , phenylthio , phosphono , dithiophosphonoxy , phosphoramido , isocyanato , isothiocyanato , alkyl - and dialkylthiocarbamoylthio , alkyl - and dialkylcarbamoyloxy , alkylsulfonyl , etc ., have herbicidal activity . | 2 |
presented herein are polypeptide substrates based on notch polypeptides , assay methods based on the use of these substrates , and screening methods directed toward identifying inhibitors of γ - secretase activity . the assay methods and the screening methods are adapted for use in high throughput multi - well plate assay apparatuses . in many embodiments the substrate polypeptides are labeled for ease of detection , and / or may bind specific ligands that themselves are labeled . generally the labels promote high specificity as well as high sensitivity of detection . these features render the assay and screening methods that employ the labeled substrates especially suited for use in high throughput assay formats . | 2 |
method and water submerged device for generating a force under water . the device includes a low pressure recipient configured to contain a volume of a first fluid at a low pressure volume , an inlet connected to the low pressure recipient and configured to exchange a second fluid with an external enclosure , and a valve connected to the external enclosure and the inlet and configured to separate a pressure source in the external enclosure from the low pressure recipient . when the valve is open , such that there is a flow communication between the external enclosure and the low pressure recipient , a pressure imbalance occurs in the external enclosure which generates the force and the second fluid from the external enclosure enters the low pressure recipient and compresses the first fluid . | 4 |
a method of determining an engine intake air leak may include measuring an air flow rate into an internal combustion engine , comparing the measured air flow rate to a first predetermined air flow limit , calculating an estimated air flow rate into the engine when the measured air flow rate is less than the first predetermined air flow limit , comparing the estimated air flow rate to second and third predetermined air flow limits , and indicating an air leak when the estimated air flow rate is greater than the second predetermined air flow limit and less than the third predetermined air flow limit . | 5 |
the self - injection guide tablet for subcutaneous injections includes adhesively mounted templates with headings indicating a particular day and body injection area . each template further includes a grid guide , designed to cover the body injection area , along with instructions for placing the grid guide on the particular body injection area . each grid guide includes a plurality of injection grids , in column or row format , with indicia marking a predetermined injection grid . upon removing the grid guide from the specific template , the predetermined injection grid remains on the template , so the vacated injection grid forms the injection area for the subcutaneous injection . | 0 |
a device for a slidable assembly may include a support channel , defined by first , second , and third support sides and including a primary support bearing and a tertiary support bearing , and a slide channel , defined by first , second , and third slide sides and including a primary slide bearing and a tertiary slide bearing . in an assembled state , the slide channel may fit around the support channel such that the primary support bearing contacts the first slide side and the primary slide bearing contacts the first support side such that the first slide channel is configured to slide longitudinally with respect to the first support channel , and the tertiary support bearing contacts the first slide channel and the tertiary slide bearing contacts the first support channel to restrict lateral transition of the first slide channel with respect to the first support channel . | 1 |
a system including a combined plug and valve device that may be precisely delivered to and inserted into an uncontrolled undersea oil well . once positioned in the well , the device is operated in graduated fashion to anchor the plug to the well and gradually stanch the flow of oil from the well . | 4 |
an improvement in an apparatus for treating seeds or other particles with a liquid . the apparatus includes a receiving chamber for receiving particles and liquid , and means for conveying consecutive batches of particles and liquid to the receiving chamber . liquid is metered in batches through a liquid metering means which includes a container and a cyclic container transport . the latter is responsive to the conveyance of batches of particles to the receiving chamber and cycles the container between a dip position in a supply of treating liquid and a dumping position in which a batch of liquid is conveyed to the receiving chamber . the transport orients the container in its dip position so as to drain the container when the level of treating liquid recedes below the container . the retention of treating liquid in the container when the apparatus is not in use is thus avoided . the apparatus may include an auger for conveying particles and liquid from the receiving chamber with concurrent intimate mixing , the auger and receiving chamber being readily removable from the apparatus for cleaning . | 0 |
a spacer is interposed between two adjacent balls and is formed into an elaborately designed cylinder - like configuration which is able to minimize noise and frictional loss due to mutual collision and impact of the balls . a lubrication let through hole is provided therein to further improve lubrication and cooling effects . | 5 |
an operating lever device for a magnetic recording tape transport apparatus which uses a tape cassette and which sets a magnetic recording tape transport mode in response to an electrical signal from signal generator , comprises a first base plate , a second base plate parallel to the first base plate with a distance therebetween , a first operating lever disposed between the base plates to be movable along the base plates between a first position to stop the signal from the generator and a second position in which the generator is allowed to generate the signal , a second operating lever disposed between the base plates to be movable along the base plates between first and second positions and parallel to the moving direction of the first operating lever , an auxiliary operating lever disposed between the base plates to be movable along the base plates among first , second , third and fourth positions and perpendicularly to a direction of movement of the first and second operating levers , the auxiliary operating lever in the first position thereof being spaced apart from the first and second operating levers located in the first positions thereof in the direction of movement of the first and second operating levers from the first position to the second position thereof , the auxiliary operating lever in the second position thereof being engaged with the first operating lever located at the second position thereof , the auxiliary operating lever in the third position . | 6 |
We introduce a new relativistic astrophysics code, SpECTRE, that combines a discontinuous Galerkin method with a task-based parallelism model. SpECTRE's goal is to achieve more accurate solutions for challenging relativistic astrophysics problems such as core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers. The robustness of the discontinuous Galerkin method allows for the use of high-resolution shock capturing methods in regions where (relativistic) shocks are found, while exploiting high-order accuracy in smooth regions. A task-based parallelism model allows efficient use of the largest supercomputers for problems with a heterogeneous workload over disparate spatial and temporal scales. We argue that the locality and algorithmic structure of discontinuous Galerkin methods will exhibit good scalability within a task-based parallelism framework. We demonstrate the code on a wide variety of challenging benchmark problems in (non)-relativistic (magneto)-hydrodynamics. We demonstrate the code's scalability including its strong scaling on the NCSA Blue Waters supercomputer up to the machine's full capacity of 22 , 380 nodes using 671 , 400 threads. | 9 |
input / output operations are issued to a storage system using request queues that are each maintained for a resource targeted by the ios . when an io is requested , the target resource for the io is first identified . if a request queue is maintained for the target resource , the io is added to the request queue and the io is issued to the storage system as the target resource becomes available . the availability of the target resource may be determined through periodic checks or by monitoring completions of ios issued out of the request queue . | 6 |
the present invention proposes a double disc insertion preventing apparatus for a disc player with a simple construction while improving thinning . with a double disc insertion preventing apparatus for a disc player of the present invention , a roller supporter having a rotation axis is provided at a position in the vicinity of a disc insertion port of the supporter , a roller is supported with the ability to rotate freely at the rotating end located further back than the rotation axis of the supporter , the disc insert detection switch is attached on the circuit substrate placed furthermore back than the roller , an actuator is rotated by interlocking with the rotating operation of the roller supporter when the roller allows disc insertion causing a double disc insertion preventing signal to be sent by controlling the switch by the actuator , and wherein the rotation axis of the actuator conforms to the rotation axis of the roller supporter , and the actuator controls the switch at a position furthermore back over the roller . | 6 |
a vent cover for installing on a shipping container . the vent cover includes a housing adapted for covering a vent hole of the shipping container . a direct current power source is encased or enclosed in the housing . the dc power source includes a battery . the vent cover may also include a circuit board attached to the dc power source . an antenna may be located on a surface of the housing and attached to the circuit board . the circuit board may include a satellite antenna interface for a satellite antenna and a global positioning system module attached to the satellite antenna interface . the vent cover may include an environmental sensor for sensing a parameter of the shipping container . the environmental sensor may be adapted to protrude through a hole in a wall of the shipping container when the vent cover is mounted on the shipping container . the electromagnetic sensor may be configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal and sense an electromagnetic response signal responsive to the transmitted wave and sensitive to variations within the container . | 1 |
methods and devices for providing a biopsy device with a modified handle and stylet that provides a vacuum to be delivered to the targeted tissue for removal . the vacuum may draw the tissue into the notch where the tissue may then be severed via the cannula . alternatively , the tissue may be drawn into to the notch after being severed via the stylet and / or cannula . the vacuum may be used to bring a larger amount of tissue into the notch than would otherwise be brought in the notch if no vacuum was used , providing a larger sample through the same size access point . | 0 |
disclosed herein is a wholly aromatic polyester comprising a structural unit represented by the formula : ## str1 ## a structural unit represented by the formulae , and : ## str2 ## or a structural unit represented by the formulae , and : ## str3 ## wherein x represents a c 1 to c 5 - hydrocarbon group , a halogen atom or an alkoxy group , and ## str4 ## wherein y represents an oxygen atom , a sulfur atom , a so 2 group , a carbonyl group , an alkylene group or an alkylidene group , or a single bond directly connecting the two benzene rings and r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 and r 8 represent respectively a hydrogen atom , a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group , in the case of , the aromatic polyester containing 5 to 20 mol % of the unit , 35 to 65 mol % of the unit , 15 to 45 mol % of the unit and 5 to 20 mol % of the unit , and the amount of the unit and the amount of the unit being substantially equimolar , in the case of , the aromatic polyester containing the units , , and , so that the sum of the amounts of the unit and the unit and the sum of the amounts of the unit and the unit are substantially equimolar , the ratio of the amount of the unit to the amount of the unit is from 95 : 5 to 5 : 95 and the ratio of the amount of the unit to the amount of the unit is from 65 : 35 to 100 : 0 , and the aromatic polyester showing a logarithmic viscosity of at least 0 . 4 dl / g at a concentration of 0 . 5 % by weight ). | 2 |
the embodiments relate to an angiographic examination method for generating a 2d projection image . the method includes : acquiring a volume dataset , reconstructing a 3d volume from the volume dataset , forward - projecting for generating a virtual vessel projection , deriving a binary vessel mask , acquiring at least one current 2d projection image , combining the binary vessel mask with the at least one current 2d projection image to form a current mask , thresholding the current mask to form a current binary mask , back - projecting the current binary mask into the 3d volume to form a mask volume , threshold value segmenting the mask volume in order to generate a final virtual vessel volume , and subtracting a projection of the vessel volume from the current 2d projection images to generate a selective , overlay - free visualization of the body region of interest by selectable parameters . | 6 |
photostable cosmetic compositions comprising sunscreens , more particularly to cosmetic compositions comprising dibenzoylmethane sunscreens are provided . it is known that dibenzoylmethane and its derivatives are relatively sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and they decompose rapidly under the effect of sunlight . this decomposition is accelerated in the presence of uv - b sunscreens , especially p - methoxycinnamic acid and its derivatives . the present inventors have surprisingly found that cosmetic compositions comprising dibenzoylmethane or its derivative and p - methoxycinnamic acid or its derivative , can be stabilized by incorporating a combination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates and polyalkyleneglycol . | 0 |
an apparatus and method for testing utility line poles is disclosed . the apparatus including at least one sensor electrode electrically connected to a high voltage generator ; a battery electrically connected to the high voltage generator ; and a visual display configured to provide a user with a visual indication of a condition of the insulating pole being tested . the high voltage generator increases a voltage supplied by the battery to a pre - determined voltage and supplies the pre - determined voltage to the at least one sensor electrode . the insulating pole is pressed into contact with the at least one sensor electrode during testing to impart the pre - determined voltage into the insulating pole . | 7 |
a cushion for protecting a vehicle occupant &# 39 ; s head . the cushion inflates and deploys smoothly and is configured so that gas leakage out of the cushion is reduced in order to maintain the inner pressure high for an extended period of time . the cushion includes a protective cushion element and outer shell fabrics superposed on both outer surfaces of the protective cushion element . the cushion element includes a cabin - side base fabric and a window - side base fabric that are sewn together by sewing yarns after being bonded to each other by adhesive . the outer shell fabrics are bonded to the protective cushion element by adhesives . when the protective cushion element is inflated , the outer shell fabrics are tightly stretched over the outer surfaces of the inflated protective cushion element so as to cover depressed portions of the base fabrics . | 1 |
a squirrel - cage rotor of an asynchronous machine includes a laminated core having grooves and positioned in fixed rotative engagement on a shaft , and a squirrel cage including short - circuit rods which are received in the grooves and have opposite front faces , and short - circuit rings which connect the short - circuit rods on the front faces . shrink rings respectively surround the short - circuit rings at least radially outside and rest on the shaft . a pressure - resistant hardenable plastic is provided in a gap between the short - circuit rings and the shrink rings . | 8 |
Recently an extraordinarily bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, was observed by several facilities covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays with energies up to 18 TeV were detected, as well as a possible photon with 251 TeV. Such energetic events are not expected because they would be attenuated by pair-production interactions with the extragalactic background light. This tension is, however, only apparent, and does not call for any unconventional explanation. Here I show that these observations can be interpreted as the result of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) interacting with cosmological radiation fields during their journey to Earth, provided that intergalactic magnetic fields are reasonably weak. If this hypothesis is correct, it would establish bursts like GRB 221009A as UHECR sources. | 9 |
a transmission is provided having at least three planetary gearsets , each having respective first , second , and third members , and six selectively engageable torque transmitting devices configured to selectively interconnect selected members of the planetary gearsets for unitary rotation thereby to provide at least six forward speed ratios and at least one reverse speed ratio between an input member and an output member . | 5 |
A Java 11 tool to survey the usage of datatypes in the Web Data Commons (December 2020) dataset. Usage How to start the experiment: Preparation: Clone the repository and run mvn clean package to build the tool. Run: java -jar target/CreateDatabase.jar to create the database ./measure.sh to start the measure java -jar target/ExportDatabaseToCSV.jar to export each table of the database as a .csv.gz file For automatic restart on Linux edit crontab using crontab -e and add the line: @reboot bash <path to script>/measure.sh (keep an empty line at the end of the document) | 9 |
an apparatus is disclosed for generating combustible gas from cellulosic fiber material . a gas production chamber contains an inclined support chute having a grate perforated with alternately angled ports for admission of a controlled amount of air through the grate portion for performing first a lifting function and then a propelling function on cellulosic material entering at the top and undergoing progressive destructive to form combustible gases in the chamber . the chamber atmosphere has an oxygen content insufficient for complete combustion . the combustible gases are withdrawn , additional secondary air is blended in the gas , and complete combustion of the blend is effected in a combustion chamber . the heated gases formed are then forced by a recirculation blower to a point of use , such as the interior atmosphere of a lumber drying kiln . | 8 |
the invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the responsiveness of a subject with lowered level of consciousness . physiological signal data is obtained from the subject and a first measure indicative of the level of consciousness of the subject is derived from the physiological signal data . in order to obtain an objective measure of the responsiveness of the subject and to improve the specificity of patient monitoring , a sequence of the first measure is recorded without inducing arousals in the subject and a second measure indicative of a responsiveness of the subject is determined based on the recorded sequence . the determination of the second measure may be independent of the unintentional stimuli that cause arousals in the patient or the stimuli causing such arousals in the clinical environment may be detected to find out their effect on the first measure . | 0 |
a plurality of bandpass filters extract high frequency components of a digital image signal sampled every predetermined unit , thus generating a plurality of high frequency signals . the high frequency signals are added to produce a resultant high frequency signal . on the basis of the value of the resultant high frequency signal , the maximum value or minimum value detected from the high frequency signals is selected . the resultant high frequency signal and the selected maximum or minimum value are added according to determined weights , so that an enhancement signal is generated . edge enhancement is performed using the enhancement signal . | 7 |
among other disclosed subject matter , a computer - implemented method includes receiving illustrated content . the illustrated content includes half - tone content . the method includes blurring at least part of the illustrated content . the blurring is performed according to a blur radius . the method includes downscaling the blurred illustrated content to an output size . | 7 |
in an ac magnetic tracker one or more multi - axis field sources , each operating at a different frequency , or frequency set , are detected and tracked in three - dimensional space , even when wireless or otherwise not physically connected to the tracking system . multiple sources can be tracked simultaneously as they each operate with their own unique detectable set of parameters . the invention not only provides the ability to uniquely identify one or more sources by their frequencies , but also to synchronize with these frequencies in order to measure signals that then allow tracking the position and orientation of the source . further , these sources need not be present at the time of system start - up but can come and go while being detected , discriminated and tracked . it also should be noted that application of such systems in multiples with more sensors not synchronized to a source or sources also could be employed to give the reverse appearance of a known source phase and incoherency with the sensors . | 6 |
a method of negating the effects of metals poisoning on zeolite - containing cracking catalysts which comprises compositing tin with such catalysts . | 2 |
We use the MaNGA integral field spectroscopic survey of low-redshift galaxies to compare the stellar populations of the bulge and disc components, identified from their Sérsic profiles, for various samples of galaxies. Bulge-dominated regions tend to be more metal-rich and have slightly older stellar ages than their associated disc-dominated regions. The metallicity difference is consistent with the deeper gravitational potential in bulges relative to discs, which allows bulges to retain more of the metals produced by stars. The age difference is due to star formation persisting longer in discs relative to bulges. Relative to galaxies with lower stellar masses, galaxies with higher stellar masses tend to have bulge-dominated regions that are more metal-rich and older (in light-weighted measurements) than their disc-dominated regions. This suggests high-mass galaxies quench from the inside out, while lower-mass galaxies quench across the whole galaxy simultaneously. Early-type galaxies tend to have bulge-dominated regions the same age as their disc-dominated regions, while late-type galaxies tend to have disc-dominated regions significantly younger than their bulge-dominated regions. Central galaxies tend to have a greater metallicity difference between their bulge-dominated regions and disc-dominated regions than satellite galaxies at similar stellar mass. This difference may be explained by central galaxies being subject to mergers or extended gas accretion bringing new, lower-metallicity gas to the disc, thereby reducing the average metallicity and age of the stars; quenching of satellite discs may also play a role. | 9 |
a wireless system includes a transmitter with a baseband processor responsive to groups of transmitter antenna arrays for communicating over directional beams ; and a receiver with a baseband processor responsive to groups of receiver antenna rays for communicating with the transmitter over the directional beams , the receiver including both a rank adaptation providing a transmit mode feedback to the transmitter and a blind beamforming providing a transmit beamformer index feedback to the transmitter and receiver groups of antenna arrays . | 7 |
a toilet arrangement for a vehicle includes a first toilet compartment , an adjacent second toilet compartment and a partition wall situated between the first toilet compartment and the second toilet compartment , wherein the partition wall is movably supported and designed for being transferred into an open position , in which the partition between the first toilet compartment and the second toilet compartment is removed . this makes it possible to convert two relatively small toilet compartments into a larger toilet compartment that is suitable for use by persons with limited mobility . | 1 |
a method and computer program are provided for handing off a mobile device in communication with a first wireless system having a first network address to one or more other wireless systems within communication range of the mobile device . the method and computer program include periodically monitoring by the mobile device of communications from the first wireless system and the other wireless systems , calculating a signal strength associated with each of the monitored communications , selecting one of the other wireless systems , and transferring communication to the selected wireless system upon detection of a predetermined threshold of the signal strength associated with the first wireless system . | 7 |
We introduce the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) broker, an astronomical alert broker designed to provide a rapid and self-consistent classification of large etendue telescope alert streams, such as that provided by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and, in the future, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). ALeRCE is a Chilean-led broker run by an interdisciplinary team of astronomers and engineers working to become intermediaries between survey and follow-up facilities. ALeRCE uses a pipeline that includes the real-time ingestion, aggregation, cross-matching, machine-learning (ML) classification, and visualization of the ZTF alert stream. We use two classifiers: a stamp-based classifier, designed for rapid classification, and a light curve-based classifier, which uses the multiband flux evolution to achieve a more refined classification. We describe in detail our pipeline, data products, tools, and services, which are made public for the community (see https://alerce.science). Since we began operating our real-time ML classification of the ZTF alert stream in early 2019, we have grown a large community of active users around the globe. We describe our results to date, including the real-time processing of 1.5 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> alerts, the stamp classification of 3.4 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> objects, the light-curve classification of 1.1 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> objects, the report of 6162 supernova candidates, and different experiments using LSST-like alert streams. Finally, we discuss the challenges ahead in going from a single stream of alerts such as ZTF to a multistream ecosystem dominated by LSST. | 9 |
an improved wet floor caution sign where the two panels of the sign are attached along a pair of adjacent sidewalls rather than at the top of the panels where conventional wet floor sign panels are attached . as a result , the two panels are ninety degrees to each other and are therefore much more stabile . in addition , the ninety degrees panel configuration facilitates having four panels on which advertisements can be placed as opposed to only two panels as in conventional signs . | 6 |
a message or note board that is also a holder for mail constructed of recycled plastic material and assembled from several different types of plastic but easily disassembled with common hand tools so that after final use , the parts may be segregated for further recycling . the noteboard has a flat plastic backing or plate that can be attached to a wall or a door on a refrigerator . attached to the front surface is a transparent sheet that can be written on with a dry - erasable pen . a sheet of paper may be inserted between the transparent sheet and the backing plate and contains information . the lower end of the plate has an l - shaped tray or ledge that supports mail . | 6 |
a locking key ring for supporting keys and for preventing the unauthorized removal and duplication of the keys . the locking key ring carries identification and instructions to contact the identified party prior to copying the keys thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized duplication . the locking key ring comprises a cylinder lock assembly adapted to receive a shackle in the form of a key ring . removal of the keys from the key ring is not permitted unless the lock cylinder releases the key ring . this is accomplished through use of an operating key which matingly engages the lock cylinder . the cylinder housing carries identifying inscription and instructions for a locksmith to receive authorization prior to making copies of the keys . | 4 |
systems and methods related to the field of cardiac resuscitation , and in particular to devices for assisting rescuers in performing cardio - pulmonary resuscitation are described herein . in some aspects , the system includes a chest compression sensor providing movement information during a plurality of manual chest compressions performed by a rescuer on a chest of a patient ; a release sensor providing information as to whether the rescuer &# 39 ; s hands are in contact with the release sensor during manual chest compressions or not in contact with the release sensor between manual chest compressions ; a computing unit ; and an audio and / or visual display providing feedback received from the computing unit to the rescuer regarding chest compression rate , chest compression depth and whether the rescuer &# 39 ; s hands are not in contact with the release sensor between manual chest compressions . | 0 |
an automatic steering of an agricultural tractor on a surface of a field to be processed is accomplished by equipping the tractor with a camera for taking a picture of a region of the field , which is in front of the tractor , including the surface that is to be processed , generating a pixel data file from a picture signal of the camera , generating texture information with respect to the texture of the surroundings of the pixels contained in the data file , classifying the pixels of the pixel data file while considering the texture information , in order to generate a binary information as to whether or not a particular pixel is to be associated with the surface that is to be processed , generating a steering signal based on the results of the classification , and repositioning the steering device of the harvesting machine according to the steering signal so that the machine is steered automatically along the surface that is to be processed . | 0 |
the invention provides an improved method for dewatering coal tailing aqueous slurries in a twin belt press process . the method including the step of adding to the slurry a high molecular weight anionic flocculant followed by a coagulant containing vinylamine . the flocculated coal is then mechanically dewatered using a twin belt press . | 1 |
a fastening system including a plurality of fastening modules to mount a solar module having a first longitudinal direction on a roof structure or a façade having a second longitudinal direction . each fastening module comprises one module carrier mountable on the roof structure or on the façade ; a slide block guidable inside the module carrier ; a module clamp ; and a fastener to connect the module clamp to the slide block to clamp a respective solar module between the module clamp and the slide block . the module clamp is rotatable between two positions on the fastener so that an arrangement of the fastening modules permits the solar module to be mounted on the roof structure or the façade with the first longitudinal axis perpendicular or parallel to the second direction . | 5 |
embodiments of the invention provide a method and a device for measuring the progress of a moving person . the method calculating at least one of the following quantities describing the progress of the moving person : speed , step rate , step count , step length , distance and way of progress , based on values of a vertical acceleration of a body of the moving person measured by an acceleration sensor over a measured time . | 0 |
the invention concerns a vehicle seat with a head rest detachably fastenable at a backrest of the seat and with an integrated video screen , for which the head rest has a storing space . in order to obtain an improved possibility to mount the seat using simple constructive means and in order to guarantee a high security for the passengers of the vehicle in its mounted state the video screen is fastened in the storing space in a form - locking and / or force - locking manner between the head rest and the backrest . in particular in a first embodiment the video screen is fastened on a support piece of the backrest , which is provided with sleeves for supporting rods of the head rest and with a plug - in contact for the video screen . | 1 |
an image stabilization apparatus comprises a housing accommodating an optical system in the interior thereof . a part of optical members that compose the optical system is held to allow angular displacement relative to the housing , and the position of the part of the optical members is maintained in a predetermined state . the part of the optical members is driven to restore the position angularly displaced . a driving amount is controlled based on information of the angular displacement . a mode for controlling the housing that is suitable for vibration applied to the housing is determined , and the mode is informed to a user . | 6 |
a computer system for receiving user data comprising a user access component having a display and a processor arranged to execute a data receiving application , wherein the data receiving application provides on the display at least one address field ; and a geographical location device in communication with a location network and arranged to identify a geographical location of the device using information from the location network , the geographical location device located at a user address , the geographical location device operable to provide location data from which address data of the user address is derived and supplied to the data receiving application to automatically populate the address field on the display . | 7 |
an internally reinforced hollow structure is described which comprises a layer of titanium metal matrix composite applied to the internal surfaces of structural segments comprising the hollow structure , the segments then being joined to form the desired hollow structure . | 5 |
disclosed is a method and apparatus for program event recording in a data processing system and is used , for example , in debugging programs . a program event occurs whenever an address in the data processing system falls within a range between a control lower address and a control upper address . the system detects a program event without degrading system performance using carry - lookahead adder structures which implement four inequality relationships . | 6 |
PAUCam is an innovative optical narrow-band imager mounted at the William Herschel Telescope built for the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS). Its set of 40 filters results in images that are complex to calibrate, with specific instrumental signatures that cannot be processed with traditional data reduction techniques. In this paper, we present two pipelines developed by the PAUS data management team with the objective of producing science-ready catalogues from the uncalibrated raw images. The NIGHTLY pipeline takes care of entire image processing, with bespoke algorithms for photometric calibration and scatter-light correction. The Multi-Epoch and Multi-Band Analysis pipeline performs forced photometry over a reference catalogue to optimize the photometric redshift (photo-z) performance. We verify against spectroscopic observations that the current approach delivers an inter-band photometric calibration of 0.8 per cent across the 40 narrow-band set. The large volume of data produced every night and the rapid survey strategy feedback constraints require operating both pipelines in the Port d'Informació Cientifica data centre with intense parallelization. While alternative algorithms for further improvements in photo-z performance are under investigation, the image calibration and photometry presented in this work already enable state-of-the-art photo-z down to i<SUB>AB</SUB> = 23.0. | 9 |
an extracorporeal blood processing method using a blood circuit comprising a pair of blood passages attached to opposite flow ends of a blood treatment device and said blood circuit is mounted on a blood pump console , the method includes : withdrawing blood from a vascular system of a human patient and drawing the blood into the blood circuit ; pumping the withdrawn blood through one of the pair of blood passages using a first blood pump of the console and into the blood treatment device ; pumping the treated blood from the treatment device through the other of the pair of blood passages using a second blood pump of the console ; infusing the treated blood from the other blood passage and into the vascular system of the patient , and periodically reversing a flow direction of blood through the pair of blood passages and blood treatment device . | 0 |
an apparatus for transporting surgical needles includes a needle holding apparatus having a movable jaw structure . the jaw structure is releasably biased in a closed position for holding needles in a predetermined position . the jaw structure may include laterally movable first and second sections for rotating a needle therebetween . the needle holding apparatus may be removably positionable on a work surface such that the needle holding apparatus may interface with a needle loading apparatus . the needle loading apparatus provides accommodating means capable of containing a multiplicity of needles . a needle advancing structure , such as a movable track , advances the needles in a predetermined fashion from the accommodating means . the needle advancing structure positions needles such that said jaw structure of the holding apparatus can selectively grasp the needles and transport the needle to another location . an alternative embodiment of a needle holding apparatus includes first and second independently movable jaw structures . the jaw structures are selectively and independently actuable into open and closed positions . the first jaw structure may include laterally movable first and second sections for rotating a needle therebetween . the needle transporting apparatus may further provide a calibrating apparatus having a mounting surface . the calibrating apparatus includes a gauge for measuring lateral motion of the jaw structure of the holding apparatus . | 1 |
at least one method disclosed herein involves creating an overall pattern layout for an integrated circuit that is to be manufactured using a self - aligned double patterning process , forming a first metal feature having a first width on a first track of a metal layer using the sadp process , forming a second metal feature having a second width on a second track of the metal layer . the second track is adjacent to the first track . the method also includes forming an electrical connection between the first metal feature and the second metal feature to provide an effectively single metal pattern having a third width that is the sum of the first and second widths , rendering the first and second features decomposable using the sadp process ; and decomposing e overall pattern layout with the first and second metal features into a mandrel mask pattern and a block mask pattern . | 6 |
a clamping device to hang lighting fixtures includes a hinge mechanism that enables the device to be folded out of the way for storage or for floor or ground use . the clamping device may include foot pads to add stability to the support of the lighting fixture . a curved portion of the main body of the device allows the clamp to secure lighting fixtures to an overhead pipe or rail . | 5 |
a process of , and apparatus for , washing fragments , such as plastic fragments , in a continuous fashion as part of a recycling operation . the plastic fragments are fed into an axially rotating perforated tube , wherein a stationary washing and rinsing spray header are mounted therethrough for spraying the plastic fragments revolving with the tube . wash and rinse water pass through the perforations , carrying with the water residue and unwanted particles . the wash water , rinse water and unwanted particles pass into a trough arranged below the revolving tube which collects the water and residue and transports same to either a screen separator in the case of the wash water , or a holding tank in the case of the rinse water . auxiliary systems are disclosed for using recycled wash water and recycled rinse water for the process . a drying system which receives the plastic fragments from the washing apparatus is also disclosed . | 1 |
a table saw includes a table , a saw unit coupled to a substantially inverted u - shaped suspension girder , two supporting devices fixedly fastened to the bottom side of the table to support the suspension girder , and two sliding blocks respectively fastened to the two ends of the suspension girder and respectively coupled to a respective arched guide slot in each of the supporting devices to guide movement of the suspension girder along an arched track to keep the cutting reference point of the saw blade in position so that the saw blade can cut the workpiece accurately . | 8 |
a human power generation system includes a generation module and a generator . the generation module includes two speed - up great sets and a rack . each speed - up gear set includes a shaft to which a pinion and a gear are coaxially mounted . the pinion of the first gear set engages the rack . the gear of the first gear set engages the pinion of the second gear set . the gear of the second gear set is drivingly coupled to the generator . thus , by attaching the system to a wearer by a mounting device , the systems continuously operates by the natural activity of the wearer and the rack drives , through the gear sets , the generator to generate electrical power . | 7 |
a method for a case for an electronic device is provided . the method includes two steps . more specifically , in the method , a first plastic layer is formed by injection molding . subsequently , a pcm microcapsule layer is formed on one side of the first plastic layer by injection molding . | 1 |
In the theory of protoplanetary disk turbulence, a widely adopted ansatz, or assumption, is that the turnover frequency of the largest turbulent eddy, Ω<SUB> L </SUB>, is the local Keplerian frequency Ω<SUB> K </SUB>. In terms of the standard dimensionless Shakura–Sunyaev α parameter that quantifies turbulent viscosity or diffusivity, this assumption leads to characteristic length and velocity scales given respectively by <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\sqrt{\alpha }H$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\sqrt{\alpha }c$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>, in which H and c are the local gas scale height and sound speed. However, this assumption is not applicable in cases when turbulence is forced numerically or driven by some natural processes such as vertical shear instability. Here, we explore the more general case where Ω<SUB> L </SUB> ≥ Ω<SUB> K </SUB> and show that, under these conditions, the characteristic length and velocity scales are respectively <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\sqrt{\alpha /R^{\prime} }H$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\sqrt{\alpha R^{\prime} }c$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math> $R^{\prime} \equiv {{\rm{\Omega }}}_{L}/{{\rm{\Omega }}}_{K}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> is twice the Rossby number. It follows that <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\alpha =\tilde{\alpha }/R^{\prime} $ </tex-math> </inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math> $\sqrt{\tilde{\alpha }}c$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> is the root-mean-square average of the turbulent velocities. Properly allowing for this effect naturally explains the reduced particle scale heights produced in shearing box simulations of particles in forced turbulence, and it may help with interpreting recent edge-on disk observations; more general implications for observations are also presented. For <inline-formula> <tex-math> $R^{\prime} \gt 1$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>, the effective particle Stokes numbers are increased, which has implications for particle collision dynamics and growth, as well as for planetesimal formation. | 9 |
a matched filter has an input idt and an output idt , and also has a device for preventing propagating surface acoustic waves from diverging . by preventing the divergence of surface acoustic waves , signals obtained in units of electrode finger pairs of the output idt are uniformed . furthermore , this application also discloses the following arrangement . that is , an arrangement for converging surface acoustic waves is adopted , and the width of surface acoustic waves input to the output idt is set to be larger than at least the crossing width of electrode fingers , nearest to the input idt , of those of the output idt , so that some surface acoustic waves propagate along non - crossing portions of the electrode fingers , on the input idt side , of those of the output idt . with this arrangement , the influence of the crossing portions of the electrode fingers , closer to the input idt , on the surface acoustic waves input to the crossing portions of the electrode fingers , farther from the input idt , can be relaxed . | 7 |
Be stars are surrounded by outflowing circumstellar matter structured in the form of decretion discs. They are often members of binary systems, where it is expected that the decretion disc interacts both radiatively and gravitationally with the companion. In this work we study how various orbital (period, mass ratio and eccentricity) and disc (viscosity) parameters affect the disc structure in coplanar binaries. The main effects of the secondary on the disc are its truncation and the accumulation of material inwards of truncation. We find two limiting cases with respect to the effects of eccentricity: in circular or nearly circular prograde orbits, the disc maintains a rotating, constant in shape, configuration, which is locked to the orbital phase. The disc structure appears smaller in size, more elongated and more massive for small viscosity parameter, small orbital separation and/or high mass ratio. In highly eccentric orbits, the effects are more complex, with the disc structure strongly dependent on the orbital phase. We also studied the effects of binarity in the disc continuum emission. Since the infrared and radio SED are sensitive to the disc size and density slope, the truncation and matter accumulation result in considerable modifications in the emergent spectrum. We conclude that binarity can serve as an explanation for the variability exhibited in observations of Be stars, and that our model can be used to detect invisible companions. | 9 |
PARTYsoc: a statistical model partitioning soil organic carbon (SOC) into its centennially active and stable fractions based on Rock-Eval thermal analysis | 9 |
a process for producing chocolate - containing food with suppressed sweetening and deterioration of palatability during preservation thereof , which comprises bringing food or a raw material of food or its material containing at least 5 % by weight of water into contact with chocolate prepared from sugars containing at least 40 % by weight of a sugar component having a solubility of 80 or less . | 0 |
a flexible integrated circuit package for mounting on a substrate is disclosed . the package consists of a tape film having layers of dielectric and conductive material , a semiconductor die and an array of conductive leads . a molded body covers the die , and absorbs the majority of the pressure applied when compressing the package between a heatsink and a printed circuit board . rigid removable support material surrounds the molded body to keep the package flat while it is being mounted to the pcb . the support material is removed after soldering of the package to the pcb . the invention permits the package to be tightly compressed between a heatsink and a substrate without causing degradation of the conductive connections . reliability of the connections is further increased since the tape film is flexible enough to accommodate bending of the substrate to which the package is connected . | 7 |
a pattern data processing apparatus processes pattern data based on which a predetermined pattern is displayed in a display area . the pattern data has data corresponding to both said display area and a data calculating area outside of said display area , the display area being divided into a plurality of pixels . the pattern data processing apparatus comprises a flag data generator for generating first flag data indicating whether each of the pixels is located within a closed area of the pattern from the pattern data , a flag data memory having a memory area substantially corresponding to the display area for storing the flag data , read - out means for reading out the flag data from the flag data memory in a predetermined scanning direction , means for processing the pattern data inside of the closed area of the pattern by using the flag data read out of the flag data memory , and means for successively mapping the pattern data from the data calculating area into an outermost peripheral portion of the flag memory and for storing second flag data representing flags of the data in the data calculating area . | 6 |
The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to provide spectra for hundreds of thousands of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the upcoming years. Currently, spectroscopic classification of white dwarfs is mostly done by visual inspection, requiring substantial amounts of expert attention. We propose a data-driven pipeline for fast, automatic selection, and spectroscopic classification of WD candidates, trained using spectroscopically confirmed objects with available Gaia astrometry, photometry, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios ≥9. The pipeline selects WD candidates with improved accuracy and completeness over existing algorithms, classifies their primary spectroscopic type with ${\gtrsim}90\ \hbox{per cent}$ accuracy, and spectroscopically detects main sequence companions with similar performance. We apply our pipeline to the Gaia Data Release 3 cross-matched with the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17), identifying 424 096 high-confidence WD candidates and providing the first catalogue of automated and quantifiable classification for 36 523 WD spectra. Both the catalogue and pipeline are made available online. Such a tool will prove particularly useful for the undergoing SDSS-V survey, allowing for rapid classification of thousands of spectra at every data release. | 9 |
We report a broad-band investigation of the Z-type neutron star (NS) low mass X-ray binary (LMXB) GX 349+2 using AstroSat and Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). AstroSat observed the source exhibiting large scale variability in its normal branch (NB)/flaring branch (FB) vertex and FB and a moderate evolution during NICER observations. The power spectra exhibit very low-frequency noise (VLFN) and low-frequency noise (LFN)/FB noise, described by a power law (PL) and an evolving Lorentzian. We investigate the energy dependence of variability components and their correlation with the spectral state to probe their origin. The joint spectra of GX 349+2 are modeled by two thermal and one non-thermal component. The source moves along the Z track, with the increasing accretion rate, further heating of the NS boundary layer (BL), and increasing temperature/radius of the brightened hotspot at the disc-BL interface/NS surface. A PL well represents the hard non-thermal coronal emission. As predicted by the gravitational redshift, we find a correlation between the line energy detected in NICER spectra and the inner disc radius with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 1. Using this correlation, we demonstrate the potential of a method to constrain the accreting compact object properties, including evolving continuum and line spectroscopy. We report the first detection of hard lag providing evidence of the VLFN originating from the accretion disc in NS LMXBs, representing fluctuation of propagation through the disc. | 9 |
optical mems scanning micro - mirror comprising : — a movable scanning micro - mirror , being pivotally connected to a mems body substantially surrounding the lateral sides of the micro - mirror , — a transparent window substantially covering the reflection side of the micro - mirror ; — wherein a piezo - actuator assembly and a layer of deformable transparent material are provided on the outer portion of said window ; — the piezo - actuator assembly being arranged at the periphery of the layer of transparent material ; — said piezo - actuator assembly and transparent material cooperating so that when actuated , the piezo - actuator assembly causes micro - deformation of the transparent material , thereby providing an anti - speckle effect . the invention also provides the corresponding micro - projection system and method for reducing speckle . | 6 |
systems and methods involving reconfigurable rotating masses are disclosed . one embodiment may take the form of a system having a motor and coupled weights attached to the motor . operation of the motor rotates the coupled weights and the weights are dynamically reconfigurable to change the location of the center of mass relative to an axis of rotation . | 7 |
this invention teaches a method , and circuits that operate in accordance with the method , for adaptively controlling the transmitted power of a cdma transmitter . the method includes the steps of : presetting a register , such as a counter , with an estimate of a maximum transmitter gain signal , the counter having an count output that is a representation of a maximum transmitter gain signal ; deriving a transmitter gain signal from a received cdma signal ; comparing tx max to tx gain and , if tx gain is greater than tx max , applying a gain control signal to the transmitter that is derived from tx max , and enabling the counter to increase its count ; else , if tx gain is less than tx max , applying a gain control signal to the transmitter that is derived from tx gain , and disabling the counter from increasing its count . | 7 |
a bottom fill , fluid dispensing system is provided having a dispenser capable of being mounted to a countertop and a container . the container may be placed onto the dispenser and the dispenser may be moved to a first position , to allow the dispenser to fill the container with a fluid . the container may be filled through a one way valve in the container wall . once the container is filled to a desired level , the dispenser may be moved to a second position and the container may be removed from the dispenser without the fluid leaking from the one way valve in the container wall . | 1 |
disclosed is an automated method for generating program modules used for controlling field devices by means of a machine - readable parametered description of the field devices . the inventive method is used with a control unit controlling the field devices . each of said field devices comprises control devices with at least one microprocessor , at least once electronic storing means , and data input and output means for communicating with the control unit . the novel method consists of the following steps : the parameters of the field device contained in the description are detected ; the control - relevant characteristics of the respective parameters , which are defined in the description , i . e . particularly the type of data , size , allowed variables or allowed range of variables , are detected ; program modules are generated for the control device of the field device , which can be executed by the microprocessor of the field device and are least in part based on the detected parameters and / or the detected control - relevant characteristics of the parameters . | 6 |
the invention relates to a device for transferring thin sheet material which comprises : a face , a spine which is positioned adjacent to the face , a plurality of ribs which radiate away from the spine and are used to support the face , an apparatus for connecting the device to a machine arm , and a mechanism for providing vacuum over a substantial portion of a thin sheet material , wherein the face is configured in the same shape as the thin sheet material . | 1 |
Using self-gravitational hydrodynamical numerical simulations, we investigated the evolution of high-density turbulent molecular clouds swept by a colliding flow. The interaction of shock waves due to turbulence produces networks of thin filamentary clouds with a sub-parsec width. The colliding flow accumulates the filamentary clouds into a sheet cloud and promotes active star formation for initially high-density clouds. Clouds with a colliding flow exhibit a finer filamentary network than clouds without a colliding flow. The probability distribution functions (PDFs) for the density and column density can be fitted by lognormal functions for clouds without colliding flow. When the initial turbulence is weak, the column density PDF has a power-law wing at high column densities. The colliding flow considerably deforms the PDF, such that the PDF exhibits a double peak. The stellar mass distributions reproduced here are consistent with the classical initial mass function with a power-law index of -1.35 when the initial clouds have a high density. The distribution of stellar velocities agrees with the gas velocity distribution, which can be fitted by Gaussian functions for clouds without colliding flow. For clouds with colliding flow, the velocity dispersion of gas tends to be larger than the stellar velocity dispersion. The signatures of colliding flows and turbulence appear in channel maps reconstructed from the simulation data. Clouds without colliding flow exhibit a cloud-scale velocity shear due to the turbulence. In contrast, clouds with colliding flow show a prominent anti-correlated distribution of thin filaments between the different velocity channels, suggesting collisions between the filamentary clouds. | 9 |
Despite the utility of neural networks (NNs) for astronomical time-series classification, the proliferation of learning architectures applied to diverse data sets has thus far hampered a direct intercomparison of different approaches. Here we perform the first comprehensive study of variants of NN-based learning and inference for astronomical time series, aiming to provide the community with an overview on relative performance and, hopefully, a set of best-in-class choices for practical implementations. In both supervised and self-supervised contexts, we study the effects of different time-series-compatible layer choices, namely the dilated temporal convolutional neural network (dTCNs), long-short term memory NNs, gated recurrent units and temporal convolutional NNs (tCNNs). We also study the efficacy and performance of encoder-decoder (i.e., autoencoder) networks compared to direct classification networks, different pathways to include auxiliary (non-time-series) metadata, and different approaches to incorporate multi-passband data (i.e., multiple time series per source). Performance—applied to a sample of 17,604 variable stars (VSs) from the MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) survey across 10 imbalanced classes—is measured in training convergence time, classification accuracy, reconstruction error, and generated latent variables. We find that networks with recurrent NNs generally outperform dTCNs and, in many scenarios, yield to similar accuracy as tCNNs. In learning time and memory requirements, convolution-based layers perform better. We conclude by discussing the advantages and limitations of deep architectures for VS classification, with a particular eye toward next-generation surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, the Roman Space Telescope, and Zwicky Transient Facility. | 9 |
a system and method for maximizing a battery pack total energy metric indicative of a total energy of a battery pack is provided . the method includes receiving battery cell charge capacity estimates for all cells in the battery pack , composing battery pack configurations comprising subsets of the totality of battery cells , evaluating a battery pack energy metric for every battery pack configuration that is composed , selecting the battery pack configuration that has the maximum battery pack energy metric , and storing values indicative of the selected battery pack configuration in a memory . | 6 |
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