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a configuration creator for use in creating a terminal application for a target apparatus . the configuration creator comprises : an indexing routine for examining available software components that can be used in the terminal application and ascertaining possible type - safe relationships for each software component , a graphical user interface including a control area for displaying classes that can be used in the terminal application , and an association area for creating instances of the displayed classes and allowing type - safe relationships to be established between created instances , and a file creation routine for creating a configuration file including code describing created instances and relationships established between the created instances . the configuration file can subsequently be parsed to create a terminal application for use in a target apparatus , such as a self - service terminal . | 6 |
scene intensity measuring and illumination source detection apparatus for determining scene illuminant and appropriate exposure settings for an image capture device is disclosed . the apparatus includes a diffractive optical element including an off - axis segment for dispersing incident scene illumination into its spectral components and for focusing the incident scene illumination , a structure responsive to the spectral intensities of the spectral components of the incident scene illumination for producing detection signals corresponding to such spectral components , a structure coupled to the sensing means for producing digitized detection signals , and a structure responsive to the digitized detection signals for determining the scene illuminant and the appropriate exposure settings for the image capture device . | 6 |
We investigate the effect of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) on the density profiles of V<SUB>max</SUB> ≃ 40km s<SUP>-1</SUP> isolated dwarf dark matter haloes - the scale of relevance for the too big to fail problem (TBTF) - using very high resolution cosmological zoom simulations. Each halo has millions of particles within its virial radius. We find that SIDM models with cross-sections per unit mass spanning the range σ/m = 0.5-50 cm<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP> alleviate TBTF and produce constant-density cores of size 300-1000 pc, comparable to the half-light radii of M<SUB>⋆</SUB> ∼ 10<SUP>5 - 7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> dwarfs. The largest, lowest density cores develop for cross-sections in the middle of this range, σ/m ∼ 5-10 cm<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP>. Our largest SIDM cross-section run (σ/m = 50 cm<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP>) develops a slightly denser core owing to mild core-collapse behaviour, but it remains less dense than the cold dark matter case and retains a constant-density core profile. Our work suggests that SIDM cross-sections as large or larger than 50 cm<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>-1</SUP> remain viable on velocity scales of dwarf galaxies (v<SUB>rms</SUB> ∼ 40 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>). The range of SIDM cross-sections that alleviate TBTF and the cusp/core problem spans at least two orders of magnitude and therefore need not be particularly fine-tuned. | 9 |
a simplified valve spool detent device including a sleeve attached to the valve body surrounding an extending portion of the valve spool , the sleeve including a plurality of radially spaced holes therein in a common plane with a plurality of balls positioned in the holes , a c - shaped spring positioned outside the sleeve in spring contact with the sleeve , the extending portion of the spool including a cylindrical surface passing through the plane of the balls including a circumferential lug means in the form of a hardened wire ring seated in a circumferential groove in said cylindrical surface . | 5 |
the device for sharpening a cutting blade presenting a sharp edge includes at least one grinding wheel provided at least on the surface with abrasive material . the grinding wheel has a cylindrical body presenting a v - sectioned peripheral groove , and is mounted to rotate freely about an axis contained in a plane generally parallel to the sharp edge of the blade and perpendicular to the median plane of the blade , with the axis being inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the normal to the median plane of the blade . the sharpening device is further constructed to place the blade and the grinding wheel in contact and to provide for relative displacement of the blade and the grinding wheel in a direction parallel to the sharp edge of the blade . | 1 |
the lens contains a cup - shaped body with a lens bottom and a lens member extended upward from the lens bottom and forming a 49 - degree included angle with the lens bottom . the lens member contains , from bottom to top , a number of layers , each having a number of refraction portions . each refraction portion contains a number of refraction elements arranged in a concentric manner . according to the inclination angle of the lens member , dimensions of the refraction portions , and the distribution of refraction elements , the lens could be applied to various applications with enhanced coverage range and sensory effect . | 6 |
a simple , rapid and efficient method for labelling sulfhydryl - containing antibodies or antibody fragments with tc - 99m , rh - 186 , rh - 188 , rh - 189 or rh - 191 is disclosed . labeled antibodies produced by the method are useful for radio - immunodiagnostic and / or radio - therapeutic purposes . | 8 |
Prior to the 1990s, speculations about the occurrence of planets around other stars were based only on planet formation theory, observations of circumstellar disks, and the knowledge that at least one seemingly ordinary star had managed to make a variety of different planets. Since then, Doppler and transit surveys have revealed the population of planets around other Sun-like stars, especially those with orbital periods shorter than a few years. Over the last decade, these surveys have risen to new heights with Doppler spectrographs capable of 1 m s<SUP>-1</SUP> precision and space telescopes capable of detecting the transits of Earth-sized planets. This article is a brief introductory review of the knowledge of planet occurrence that has been gained from these surveys. | 9 |
the invention relates to a process for the vapor phase alkylation of alkanes or aromatic hydrocarbons comprising adsorbing an alkene on a dry cation exchange resin in its hydrogen form and reacting said adsorbed alkene with at least one alkane or at least one aromatic hydrocarbon . | 2 |
disclosed are epoxy resin compositions which include an alkali metal containing cure accelerator . the alkali metal containing cure accelerators are preferably alkali metal hydroxides , alkoxides , carboxylates , or alkali metal salts . articles prepared from the resin compositions of the invention exhibit enhanced thermal properties , and similar non - thermal properties , when compared to articles prepared from compositions including other accelerators such as imidazoles . the resin compositions of the invention may be used for any purpose , but are particularly suited to be utilized in the manufacture of laminates for printed circuit boards and non - electrical structural applications . | 8 |
a permanent magnet for a permanent magnet electric motor is bonded to a rotor . a hole having a chamfered outer edge is formed in the permanent magnet . a corresponding mounting hole is formed in the body of the rotor . a bolt is threaded through the hole in the permanent magnet and threaded into the mounting hole of the rotor . an o - ring is positioned between the head of the bolt and the permanent magnet . the o - ring may be made of an elastomeric material which may prevent cracking of the permanent magnet as components of the electric motor expand and contract with fluctuations in temperature . a magnet may be held to a rotor by a dovetail or may include a flange to be held to the rotor by a retaining ring . | 8 |
The ASTRI Mini-Array (MA) is an INAF project to build and operate a facility to study astronomical sources emitting at very high-energy in the TeV spectral band. The ASTRI MA consists of a group of nine innovative Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The telescopes will be installed at the Teide Astronomical Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC) in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) on the basis of a host agreement with INAF. Thanks to its expected overall performance, better than those of current Cherenkov telescopes' arrays for energies above ∼5 TeV and up to 100 TeV and beyond, the ASTRI MA will represent an important instrument to perform deep observations of the galactic and extragalactic sky at these energies. | 9 |
an image forming apparatus which includes a display device for displaying a numerical value related to the number of image formation operations is also capable of displaying a measured or calculated value associated with the operating condition of the image forming apparatus . | 6 |
an internet - based audio / video and voip telephone visitation system for prisons wherein audio / video and voip visitation may be originated by either an inmate or an outside visitor . an inmate uses an individual portable electronic device in his / her possession to communicate exclusively with the visitation system . through the visitation system video messages , video visitations , and voip telecommunications may be exchanged between the inmate and a registered visitor having an internet - enabled device . communication requires no endpoint control by prison personnel . all communications may be subject to intervention , recordation , and monitoring by prison personnel . payment for services is prepaid by visitors using an on - line payment service eliminating involvement of prison personnel . all non - privileged calls are recorded . all calls may be monitored . a fee - per - minute is charged . time is tracked for each call . the call duration and time remaining for a call may be displayed for both the visitor and the inmate . | 7 |
a combination form of flexible roofing material including a reinforced single - ply membrane base for being adhered to the roof substrate . on the base is laminated a structurally flexible layer of solar cells encapsulated and sealed in a flexible intermediate layer of solar radiation transparent plastic protected by a cover layer of weather - proof solar transparent plastic . the roofing is constructed for being manufactured in elongate sheets , rolled up for transport to the site and installed by conventional methods including sealing to adjacent sheets of similar single - ply membrane material which may or may not incorporate solar cells . this is continued until the roof covering is complete . examples are given for reinforced plastic sheet , modified bituminous sheet , and elastomeric sheet roofing materials as well as for a wide variety of solar cells materials together with methods for fabricating these materials into the roofing system disclosed . | 7 |
a method of manufacturing a molded article from a settable mixture includes the steps of in - taking a plurality of components into a plurality of separate material discharge containers sized relative to each other to provide the required mix ratio of the settable mixture . the components contained in the material discharge containers are discharged to a mold tool through a mixing head that receives each of the components separately and thoroughly mixes them into the settable mixture . the settable mixture flows from the mixing head to fill the mold tool . the mold tool rotates about an axis during the filling step to evacuate air from the mold tool . pressure of the settable mixture is monitored during the filling step and rate of discharge of the settable component is varied in response to changes in pressure of the settable mixture . | 8 |
a method and apparatus provides supplemental power to an engine . the method and apparatus includes a pair of conductive leads for connecting the supplemental power to an engine electrical system , one or more batteries connected in parallel with one or more capacitors , a relay connected to the conductive leads , a shunt cable connecting the batteries and capacitors to the relay and a processor for controlling the relay to selectively apply electrical power to the engine electrical system . the method and apparatus includes safety features to reduce the risk of injury to the operator and damage to the apparatus and / or engine electrical system . | 1 |
This is the first in a series of three papers describing a project with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to measure abundances of the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) in a sample of nine nearby star-forming galaxies. The goal is to assess the (in)homogeneities of the multiphase ISM in galaxies where the bulk of metals can be hidden in the neutral phase, yet the metallicity is inferred from the ionized gas in the H II regions. The sample, spanning a wide range in physical properties, is to date the best suited to investigate the metallicity behavior of the neutral gas at redshift z = 0. ISM absorption lines were detected against the far-ultraviolet spectra of the brightest star-forming region(s) within each galaxy. Here we report on the observations, data reduction, and analysis of these spectra. Column densities were measured by a multicomponent line-profile fitting technique, and neutral-gas abundances were obtained for a wide range of elements. Several caveats were considered, including line saturation, ionization corrections, and dust depletion. Ionization effects were quantified with ad hoc CLOUDY models reproducing the complex photoionization structure of the ionized and neutral gas surrounding the UV-bright sources. An "average spectrum of a redshift z = 0 star-forming galaxy" was obtained from the average column densities of unsaturated profiles of neutral-gas species. This template can be used as a powerful tool for studies of the neutral ISM at both low and high redshift. | 9 |
wall mounting assemblies and methods are disclosed . the assembly includes a bracket that has two frame members coupled at a hinge . each frame member has a hook for engaging a recess or slot on a panel . the assembly further includes a panel that has edges that are configured to engage the edges of adjacent panels , without the need for tilting the panel to engage . each panel has two slots for receiving the bracket . bending the two frame members on the bracket causes the bracket &# 39 ; s hooks to lock into the slots on the panel . | 0 |
The time-domain (TD) surveys of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) yield high-cadence radial velocities, paving a new avenue to study binary systems including compact objects. In this work, we explore LAMOST TD spectroscopic data of four K2 plates and present a sample of six single-lined spectroscopic binaries that may contain compact objects. We conduct analyses using phase-resolved radial velocity measurements of the visible star to characterize each source and to infer the properties of invisible companion. By fitting the radial velocity curves for the six targets, we obtain accurate orbital periods, ranging from ~(0.6 to 6) days, and radial velocity semiamplitudes, ranging from ~(50 to 130) km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. We calculate the mass function of the unseen companions to be between 0.08 and 0.17 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. Based on the mass function and the estimated stellar parameters of the visible star, we determine the minimum mass of the hidden star. Three targets-J034813, J063350, and J064850-show ellipsoidal variability in the light curves from K2, ZTF, and TESS surveys. Therefore, we can put constraints on the mass of the invisible star using the ellipsoidal variability. We identify no X-ray counterparts for these targets except for J085120, of which the X-ray emission can be ascribed to stellar activity. We note that the nature of these six candidates is worth further characterization utilizing multiwavelength follow-up observations. | 9 |
according to one embodiment , four vvvf main circuit inverters for supplying electric power to drive a permanent - magnet synchronous motor are packaged into one unit . the four vvvf main circuit inverters are configured as a 4 - in - 1 inverter unit which shares a cooling mechanism for radiating heat generated due to power supply operation for the permanent - magnet synchronous motors to outside . a 2 - in - 1 semiconductor device package in which two semiconductor elements to convert electric power are packaged into one unit to be able to drive a permanent - magnet synchronous motor is contained in the 4 - in - 1 inverter unit . thereby , individual control of inverters and reducing the size of the entire apparatus can be achieved for the electric - vehicle control apparatus . | 8 |
Changed Made changes to several contact patterns. Most notably, contact distances of 0.1 m were changed to 0.3 m. | 9 |
a scanning microscope includes : a light source ; an optical system that irradiates light from the light source onto a sample while two - dimensionally scanning the light , and collects light from the sample ; a photo - detector that receives the light from the sample which has been collected by the optical system , and converts the light thus received into a brightness signal ; an integrating circuit that integrates the brightness signal from the photo - detector for each pixel ; and an image forming circuit that forms an image of the sample based upon the brightness signal of each pixel integrated by the integrating circuit . and the integrating circuit includes a plurality of integrators for integrating the brightness signal from the photo - detector and an adder for adding output signals from the plurality of integrators , and integrates the brightness signal while sequentially switching the plurality of integrators for each of a plurality of periods obtained by dividing a period corresponding to a pixel . | 6 |
a stein hall cup for measuring the viscosity of a starch adhesive is automated to provide viscosity measurement in real time using a plc or other data gathering and control processor . temperature of the adhesive is measured concurrently with viscosity and temperature signals are processed with the timed viscosity signal to provide a temperature compensated value of starch viscosity . | 6 |
a traffic density analysis method includes decoding encoded video data corresponding to an analysis region to obtain a decoded video signal and code information , determining a moving object in units of a macroblock on the basis of the decoded video signal , the code information and a previously decoded video signal , analyzing a macroblock determined as the moving object , setting a specific region in a screen using an analysis result of the macroblock , and estimating a traffic density in the analysis region from information related to the moving object passing through the specific region . | 6 |
according to one aspect of the present invention , there is provided an image communication apparatus comprising a first fax communication unit configured to make communications with a partner apparatus according to a first fax communication function using a public telephone network , a second fax communication unit configured to make communications with a partner apparatus according to a second fax communication function using an ip network , an accepter unit configured to accept an operation designation of the first and second fax communication functions , and a limiter unit configured to limit the first and second fax communication functions based on the operation designation accepted by the accepter unit . | 7 |
signal charges are photoelectrically generated by a plurality of photodiodes , transferred through a transfer register to a charge detection capacitance and sensed through a floating junction , as a potential change of the charge detection capacitance to be amplified and output at an output amplifier composed of a plurality of stages of driver transistors , in which a field insulation film of a first stage driver transistor is formed , under a gate electrode , with a trapezoidal region left so that the gate electrode has a width thereof varied to be wider at a source end than at a drain end , permitting an increased reduction of the charge detection capacitance . | 7 |
a smartcard unit includes at least a smartcard and an attachment enabling the smartcard unit to be worn by a user . the smartcard is accessible to an external reader . a reader unit interfaces with the smartcard to enable an external computer to communicate with the smartcard . the smartcard unit or the reader unit has structure to align the reader unit relative to the smartcard unit in an alignment for communicative interfacing while the smartcard unit is being worn . the smartcard unit or the reader unit has a retainer to secure the reader unit in alignment relative to the smartcard so that the smartcard unit is reversibly separable from the reader unit without damage , in response to a force less than is necessary to detach or damage another part of said system , other than along a longitudinal axis of the smartcard or of a pair of components being separated . | 6 |
an electrical connector for the connection of electrical devices for data transfer comprises a plurality of conductive elements , each having a central spring area with elongated looped ends as the contact points . the conductive elements are housed in a non - conductive body . | 7 |
a battery charger for a portable radio having a cradle which holds and charges a radio with a battery attached , or optionally holds and charges the battery alone . the cradle is typically mounted in a vehicle . a lock element is provided in the cradle to engage the battery and is operated by a lock actuator and a release actuator . the lock actuator is displaced when the radio or battery is pushed into the cradle by a user . the release actuator may be displaced by the user to disengage the lock from the battery . | 7 |
We present the combination of ALMA-IMF and single-dish continuum images from the MUSTANG-2 Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS90) at 3 mm and the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) at 1 mm. Six and 10 out of the 15 ALMA-IMF fields are combined with MGPS90 and BGPS, respectively. The combination is made via the feathering technique. We used the dendrogram algorithm throughout the combined images, and performed further analysis in the six fields with the combination in both bands (G012.80, W43-MM1, W43-MM2, W43-MM3, W51-E, W51-IRS2). In these fields, we calculated spectral index maps and used them to separate regions dominated by dust or free-free emission, and then performed further structural analysis. We report the basic physical parameters of the dust-dominated (column densities, masses) and ionized (emission measures, hydrogen ionization photon rates) structures. We also searched for multiscale relations in the dust-dominated structures across the analyzed fields, finding that the fraction of mass in dendrogram leaves (which we label leaf mass efficiency (LME)) as a function of molecular gas column density follows a similar trend: a rapid, exponential-like growth, with maximum values approaching 100% in most cases. The observed behavior of the LME with the gas column is tentatively interpreted as an indicator of large star formation activity within the ALMA-IMF protoclusters. W51-E and G012.80 stand out as cases with comparatively large and reduced potential for further star formation, respectively. | 9 |
We present the first scattered-light images of the debris disk around 49 Ceti, a ∼40 Myr A1 main-sequence star at 59 pc, famous for hosting two massive dust belts as well as large quantities of atomic and molecular gas. The outer disk is revealed in reprocessed archival Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS-F110W images, as well as new coronagraphic H-band images from the Very Large Telescope SPHERE instrument. The disk extends from 1.″1 (65 au) to 4.″6 (250 au) and is seen at an inclination of 73°, which refines previous measurements at lower angular resolution. We also report no companion detection larger than 3 M<SUB>Jup</SUB> at projected separations beyond 20 au from the star (0.″34). Comparison between the F110W and H-band images is consistent with a gray color of 49 Ceti’s dust, indicating grains larger than ≳2 μm. Our photometric measurements indicate a scattering efficiency/infrared excess ratio of 0.2-0.4, relatively low compared to other characterized debris disks. We find that 49 Ceti presents morphological and scattering properties very similar to the gas-rich HD 131835 system. From our constraint on the disk inclination we find that the atomic gas previously detected in absorption must extend to the inner disk, and that the latter must be depleted of CO gas. Building on previous studies, we propose a schematic view of the system describing the dust and gas structure around 49 Ceti and hypothetical scenarios for the gas nature and origin. | 9 |
a concrete forming system for constructing small diameter concrete columns with a refractory liner on the inside of the column wall . the present invention supports the inner and outer forms for the column wall on jacking frames which travel vertically on jacking beams attached to the wall . loads created by plastic concrete are resisted by a system of radial supports which are attached to the inner concrete shaping forms and are supported by the jacking beams and jacking frames . after a portion of the column wall is poured , the next higher portion of the concrete column wall is formed by advancing the jacking frames and the concrete shaping forms upwardly along the jacking beams and reattaching lower sections of the jacking beams at the top of the jacking beams in order to provide a continuous track . the jacking frames and forms are raised on the jacking beams after a portion of the column wall is poured and the next higher portion of the concrete column wall is to be formed . the present invention also provides a similar radial supported form system enabling the refractory liner to be cast in place . alternatively , a work platform is provided to enable a precast refractory liner to be installed . | 4 |
a thermometer and extensometer for cables and conductors is described . the travel time of one or more acoustic signals along a conductor is used to determine the temperature along the conductor and the length of the conductor . the acoustic frequency is selected to minimize temporal dispersion of the propagating acoustic energy . the technique can be used to measure the temperature of the conductor in a buried , undersea or submerged electrical power cable . | 6 |
disclosed here is an efficient flat light source based on uv light excited photoluminescence of phosphors . an electrical discharge is confined to be substantially planar by a glass enclosure . this electrical discharge produces ultraviolet photons . these uv photons in turn excite phosphors to produce visible light with great efficiency and high intensity . in this invention , light is taken out of the light source from one side only . a uv light recycling means is also provided . means for collimation of this light source is disclosed for projection display applications . polarization conversion means is also described for such flat light sources , so that the light output is almost totally linearly polarized . | 7 |
the present invention is a specially curved discharge port and port within a bolt within the breech for a compressed gas powered gun for the firing of projectiles . the invented gun has many improvements over the prior art including the use of improved gas pressure routing allowing for operation at lower pressures with no decrease in firing rate , efficiency , trajectory , or range . the structure of the present invention provides for embodiments which include the use of specific maximum angles within the gas passage from a compressed gas storage chamber and a portion of the breech through which the gas is routed as it expands to launch a projectile from the gun . | 5 |
improved devices , systems and methods for treating a tissue region provide straightforward , yet reliable ways for installing diverse functional components within the confined space of a catheter - based instrument . methods include providing a manifold body sized to fit within a catheter tube , the manifold body including a single main fluid junction , multiple branch fluid junctions , and a fluid circuit formed within the manifold body to channel fluid flow between the single main fluid junction and the multiple branch fluid junctions , coupling the single main fluid junction to a fluid source or a fluid destination external to the catheter tube , coupling each of the multiple branch fluid junctions individually to a fluid - conveying port on the operative element , and mounting the manifold within the catheter tube . | 0 |
an electrical connecting device and related method of testing a semiconductor device which provides for testing of a semiconductor device under excellent and stable current transfer characteristics . moreover , the electrical connecting device is easily produced under mass production conditions and can be made with a structure for testing of a semiconductor device where there are many pins arranged in a fine pitch on the semiconductor device . the electrical connector device includes a contactor which has a coil - shaped spring and a transformable conductive member extending in the compressing direction of the coil - shaped spring . when one end of the conductive member is in contact with a first electrode and the other end of the conductive members in contact with the second electrode , the contactor electrically connects between the first electrode and the second electrode via the conductive member and generates contact pressure against the electrodes when the coil - shaped spring is pressed . a guide plate is provided in the electrical connector device having a through hole for inserting and positioning the contactor therein . in a preferred embodiment , the semiconductor device to be tested has the first electrode for contact against one end of the conductive member of the contactor . the second electrode is a land pattern in a substrate of the electrical connecting device contacting the other end of the transformable conductive member , with the land pattern in turn being connected to testing equipment for testing of the semiconductor device . | 6 |
a method by which stacks of printed sheets can be formed and , at the same time , the risk of soiling of the stacked sheets can be reduced to the maximum extent . to this end a printing machine is proposed , in particular a sheet - fed printing machine , into which unprinted and intermediate sheets are alternatively feed , wherein the printing is registered such that the printing occurs only on the unprinted sheets and not on the intermediate sheets . in this way , the intermediate sheets prevent damage to the print on the printed sheets . | 1 |
an intraocular lens system includes an optic , a pair of haptics located on sides of the optic , and hinge portions at each of the optic haptic junctions . the hinge portions have stressed and non - stressed configurations . one or more restraining elements are provided to maintain the stressed state configuration of the hinge portion during implantation and during a post - operative period during which the capsular bag of the eye heals about the lens . the restraining elements are thereafter removable , preferably via a non - surgically invasive manner , e . g ., via dissolution or laser light . removal of the restraining elements allows anteriorization of the optic as the lens assumes a non - stressed configuration during accommodation . the ciliary body and lens may then interact in a manner substantially similar to the physiological interaction between the ciliary body and a healthy natural crystalline lens . | 0 |
an automatic minimum discernible signal level analyzer for evaluating the low signal level detecting capabilities of a pulse - type receiver and including an rf frequency source phase - locked to the radar transmitter frequency and capable of being adjusted in power output by circuitry which automatically measures the statistical noise content of the receiver video and adjusts the power output of the rf source so that the video signal meets preset values of probability of false alarm and probability of detection , the absolute rf power being then a direct measure of the minimum discernible signal sensitivity of the receiver under test . | 6 |
methods and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of a voice coil motor are disclosed . according to one aspect of the present invention , a cylindrical and radially symmetric vcm includes a plurality of sets of magnets , and a single coil . the plurality of sets of the magnets are each arranged in an array configuration , and cooperate to form a magnetic field . the coil receives current and has a plurality of windings . a first space is defined within the coil , and the plurality of sets of the magnets are arranged such that a first set of the magnets is positioned within the first space and a second set of the magnets is positioned external to the coil . | 7 |
an oil filter relief valve having a tension spring housing with oil inlets and a first end and a second end , the first end being located adjacent the mounting plate of the filter , a base being fixedly connected to the second end of the spring housing and tension abutting and extending into the centertube of the filter element , a valve seat having a pointed surface and being located in the base with a channel formed therein for conducting oil therethrough , a resilient piston normally abutting the valve seat in sealing relation , a relatively rigid piston support on the piston , and a tension spring positioned between the first end of the tension spring housing and the piston support to urge the piston into sealing relation against the valve seat . this relief valve opens when the pressure of the oil entering the oil inlets and the channel in the valve seat exceed a particular threshold amount , thus exerting a force on the piston greater than the downward force naturally exerted by the spring . the piston is then lifted from the valve seat and the oil is allowed to flow through the relief valve and by - pass the filter element to immediately re - enter the motor . | 8 |
a method and system for limiting access to shared content media items stored in a device . the method establishes a connection with another device and initiates a session with the other device . the method synchronizes the device and the other device by receiving a copy of content media items stored on the other device , and storing the received copy of the content media items as shared content media items on the device . the synchronizing of the device and the other device may include transmitting a copy of content media items stored on the device to the other device . the method allows a user operating the device to access the content media items , but restricts access to the shared content media items based on the status of the session with the other device . | 0 |
an apparatus for measuring in situ the viscosity of a fluid in a sealed container which includes a spherical ball forming an integral package before any fluid is placed within the container . the apparatus further includes a composite ball consisting of a spherical core of one material surrounded by one or more layers of different materials distributed spherically about the core . the container may also be supported by an angular support member which angularly positions the container such that the ball will move within the container through the fluid at a specific speed . a sensing device is provided along the wall of the container to measure the speed of the ball wherein the sensing device includes a pair of sensors spaced apart by a known distance to sense when the ball passes by each of the sensors providing a speed which is useful for calculating the viscosity of the fluid . | 6 |
a process for making cookies intended to simulate typical drop cookies from a plurality of laminated doughs , wherein the appearance and quality of the cookies is desirably improved by rolling the cut laminate preforms prior to baking to prevent any formation of thin , crisp edges upon baking , and to control the visibility of morsels such as flavored chips . | 0 |
a golf cart altered such that the occupants are protected against the effect of lightning strikes comprises an electrically conductive grid on the roof , preferably star shaped , connected electrically to electrically conductive down - conductors , preferably at least 6 in number , four of which may be the roof supports and the other two moveable to allow ease of access to the golf cart and each to be connected to a plurality of flexible electrically conductive members so as to touch the ground , preferably via a metal chassis . the movable electrically conductive members are connected to at least one of the roof or the base construction by a bearing . the invention defines a protective electrically conductive cage enclosing the golf cart and surrounding its occupants with improved rigidity , safety and practicality . | 1 |
a data model representing a multi - model database of a product system includes a multi - model repository that holds said multi - model database &# 39 ; s artifacts under version control . the multi - model repository holds a plurality of constituent models , wherein each model represents a discrete aspect of the system , a model registry containing a list of the constituent models in the multi - model database , a set of input attributes and a set of output attributes corresponding to each of the models , a set of interfaces representing a tuple corresponding to each of the models , a set of attribute constraints associated with the input and output attributes ; and a set of notifications associated with each of the models for informing the models of defined events . | 6 |
apparatus and a method for providing , to a service provider , telemetry access to customer equipment . the telemetry access is provided using wireless access means to avoid having to provide special residential wiring to connect to meters and control devices at customer premises . each customer device is provided with a cellular station having its own mobile identity , either an international mobile switching identifier or a mobile identity number . each imsi or min need not be associated with a different telephone number . for example , a single telephone number can be assigned to a service provider to access all devices telemetered by that service provided . advantageously , this arrangement provides for an inexpensive method and apparatus for accessing customer devices . | 7 |
a device for bending a plate with an offset distance l and two angles simultaneously is provided , the device comprising special jaws which are replaceably attachable to the jaws of a pliers . a kit of a plurality of sets of bending jaws having a variety of offset lengths is provided . | 1 |
non - polymeric drag reducing agents in the form of maleated fatty acids and the esters thereof and the organic , inorganic or amine salts thereof are described herein . these additives are useful to reduce drag in hydrocarbon fluids and multi - phase fluids of hydrocarbon and water . no injection probes or other special equipment is expected to be required to introduce the drag reducing agent into the liquid stream , nor is grinding of the additive necessary to form a suitable drag reducing agent . the drag reducing additives of the invention are not subject to shear degradation and do not cause undesirable changes in the emulsion or fluid quality of the fluid being treated , or undesirable foaming . | 5 |
the invention relates to a method for controlling an internal combustion engine , in which a normal state is exited by switching off the engine if a standstill of the vehicle is detected , and in which the engine is restarted when specific conditions apply . when a stop - and - go situation applies , this stop / start function is suppressed . here , for example , repeated activation of the brakes , the engagement of specific gears and / or the spatial location of the motor vehicle may indicate that the vehicle is in a stop - and - go situation in which only brief , uneconomic switching off of the engine is probable . | 1 |
the invention refers to a system and method for the creation , modification , storage , exchange and sharing of detailed design and production of reinforcement for buildings . the system and method according to the invention incorporates a data administration system , which offers the user of the invention the ability to create the detailed designs of the reinforcement and to use the reinforcement data for a variety of reasons , such as the calculation of the volume of the material needed , the selection of reinforcement , the control of cnc machines for the production of the reinforcement etc ., in an error free process . | 6 |
methods and apparatus to meter video game play are disclosed . an example method includes detecting media identifying information corresponding to media presented in an environment including a video game system capable of executing a plurality of video games ; identifying which of the plurality of video games is being played via a video game controller based on the media identifying information , wherein the video game controller is coupled to a sensor to detect motion data related to movement of the video game controller and to transmit the motion data without affecting operation of the video game system ; and combining , via a processor , the media identifying information with the motion data received from the sensor . | 0 |
a method of hardening metal parts , such as a rotor or drive link , and parts thus produced . preferably the method includes imparting residual compressive stresses into the metal parts and uses various small ball type structures to create small compressions in the surfaces of the metal parts . the compressions apply residual stresses to the parts , which strengthen the metal . the substantial uniform ball type structures are pressed into the metal part to control the application of stress into the part and maintain substantial uniform properties within the metal part , which resists future stresses as the part is used in its desired machinery and / or processes . | 5 |
a semiconductor device has at least one high - voltage and low - voltage transistor on a single substrate . the reliability of the high - voltage transistor is enhanced by performing a ldd implantation in only the high - voltage transistor prior to conducting an oxidation process to protect the substrate and gate electrode . after the oxidation process is performed , the low - voltage transistor is subjected to an ldd implantation process . the resultant semiconductor device provides a high - voltage transistor having a deeper ldd region junction depth than the low - voltage transistor , ensuring reliability and performance . | 7 |
the claimed invention provides an improved posture correction tool in the form of a table to be used by chiropractic practitioners to treat mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system . the improved posture correction tool provides a plurality of pads to support the various major areas of the body and has built in drop capability and adjustment capability for the pelvic pad , the lumbar pad , the thoracic pad and the head and cervical area . the claimed invention also has a novel cervical support . | 0 |
an electronic structure , and associated method of fabrication , for coupling a heat spreader above a chip to a chip carrier below the chip . initially provided is a substrate , a chip on a surface of the substrate and coupled to the substrate , and the heat spreader . then a fillet of at least one adhesive material is formed on the chip and around a periphery of the chip . additionally , the heat spreader is placed on a portion of the fillet and over a top surface of the chip . the fillet couples the heat spreader to the substrate . an outer surface of the fillet makes a contact angle of about 25 degrees with the surface of the substrate . the small contact angle not exceeding about 25 degrees prevents cracking of the substrate that would otherwise result from thermal cycling . | 7 |
disclosed is a method for controlling a lighting apparatus comprising a first light source unit , a second light source unit and a third light source unit , all of which emit lights having mutually different color temperatures and mutually different color coordinates , the method comprising : outputting an r component signal , a g component signal and a b component signal , each of which respectively corresponds to light quantities of an r component , a g component and a b component of lights outputted from the first light source unit , the second light source unit and the third light source unit ; receiving the r component signal , the g component signal and the b component signal and generating a comparative color coordinate ; and comparing the comparative color coordinate with standard color coordinates located within an area formed by the respective color coordinates of the first , the second and the third light source units , and controlling light quantities of the first , the second and the third light source units in such a manner as to reduce an error value between the standard color coordinate and the comparative color coordinate . | 5 |
a wheeled cart has liquid cooling and liquid heating devices separated by thermal insulation . pumps circulate cooled liquid and heated liquid through hoses to cooled packs and heated packs of patient treatment . thermostats control the temperature and continual re - circulation of the cooled and heated liquids through the packs to maintain the proper temperature at all times without changing the packs . | 0 |
We explore the use of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (bTFR) as a new distance indicator. Advances in near-IR imaging and stellar population models, plus precise rotation curves, have reduced the scatter in the bTFR such that distance is the dominant source of uncertainty. Using 50 galaxies with accurate distances from Cepheids or the tip magnitude of the red giant branch, we calibrate the bTFR on a scale independent of H<SUB>o</SUB>. We then apply this calibrated bTFR to 95 independent galaxies from the SPARC sample, using CosmicFlows-3 velocities, to deduce the local value of H<SUB>o</SUB>. We find H<SUB>o</SUB> = 75.1 ± 2.3 (stat) ±1.5 (sys) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. | 9 |
systems and methods are described for supporting routing intelligence for evaluating routing paths based on performance measurements . the routing intelligence may include processes executed in a self - contained device . this device may control one or more edge routers , based on performance data from end users . in other embodiments , the routing intelligence device may be used solely to monitor one or more edge routers , producing reports but not effecting any changes to routing . routing decisions may be injected to the edge routers via bgp updates . the devices may be stationed at the premises of a multihomed organization , such as an enterprise , isp , government organization , university , or other organization supporting a sub - network coupled to an internetwork . in other embodiments , the routing intelligence comprises processes executed on a router . | 7 |
a system for providing a multisensory performance to a viewer comprising of a plurality of capture modules configured to capture one or more sensory inputs for the multisensory performance . at least one kernel module configured to organize the one or more sensory inputs to create the multisensory performance , and a plurality of output modules configured to present the multisensory performance to the viewer . | 6 |
The nonequilibrium evolution of heavy-ion collisions is studied in the limit of weak coupling at very high energy employing lattice simulations of the classical Yang-Mills equations. Performing the largest classical-statistical simulations to date, we find that the dynamics of the longitudinally expanding plasma becomes independent of the details of the initial conditions. After a transient regime dominated by plasma instabilities and free streaming, the subsequent space-time evolution is governed by a nonthermal fixed point, where the system exhibits the self-similar dynamics characteristic of wave turbulence. This allows us to distinguish between different kinetic scenarios in the classical regime. Within the accuracy of our simulations, the scaling behavior found is consistent with the "bottom-up" thermalization scenario [R. Baier, A. H. Mueller, D. Schiff, and D. T. Son, Phys. Lett. B 502, 51 (2001)]. | 9 |
a communication network used to link information handling systems together utilizes a switching network to transmit data among senders and receivers . each individual packet of data is described and controlled by an fcb . the bandwidth associated with the storing and distribution of data is optimized by chaining the data packets in different types of queues , or operating without chaining outside a queue . when a frame is in an output queue , the third word contains an rfcba for egress of the frame to a line port , and an mcid for ingress from an output queue to a switch port . the rfcba and the mcid have multicast capabilities . the format does not require a third word when a frame is in an input queue . | 7 |
disclosed are methods and systems for dynamically determining data - transfer paths . the data - transfer paths are dynamically determined in response to an instruction that facilitates data transfer among execution lanes in an integrated - circuit processing device operable to execute operations in parallel . in addition , embodiments include an integrated - circuit processing device operable to execute operations in parallel , including the capability of providing confirmation information to potential source lanes , the confirmation information indicating whether the potential source lanes may send data to requested destination lanes during a data - transfer interval . | 6 |
a belt cleaning device includes a cleaning part positioned to be capable of being in contact with a surface of a belt , the cleaning part having a bias voltage and including a cleaning roller , and a metal roller . a scraping member is in contact with surface of the metal roller of the cleaning part . a conductive holding member holds the scraping member . a conductive member is disposed proximate to the cleaning part . a same potential keeping part includes at least a first connection member which is configured to electrically connect the cleaning part and the conductive holding member and to electrically connect the conductive holding member and the metal roller , and keeps the conductive member and the cleaning part at approximately the same potential . | 6 |
the present invention provides abuse - resistant transdermal delivery devices containing an opioid agonist intended for analgesic purposes in pain patients . | 1 |
a high performance heat pipe and the method for constructing it . a unique wick structure of sintered metal is formed directly into the heat pipe casing and contains simultaneously formed tunnels which permit the flow of large quantities of liquid with low pressure loss . a method of constructing a hybrid structure with heat pipe sections at both ends of a section used to transport the internal liquid and vapor over long distances is also included . | 1 |
latch lock hardware for a window having a latch - lug that is insertable into a latch pocket in the casing for tilting purposes . the latch lock hardware comprises a pair of vertically - spaced cams located on the casing above the latch - pocket and a pair of vertically - spaced elements mounted on the window . the upper element is located beneath the upper cam to prevent removal of the window for a small tilting angle of the window and the lower element is located beneath the lower cam to prevent removal of the window for a relatively larger tilting angle of the window . | 8 |
carbon - carbon composites made by needling together woven or nonwoven fabric made from carbon - containing fibers followed by carbonizing the fabric preforms are described . the carbon fiber preforms can be needled either in a carbonized or in an uncarbonized state . the uncarbonized fiber preforms would go through a carbonization / heat - treat step following the needling process . final preform thickness and fiber volume is also controlled at carbonization , for instance by varying the level of pressure applied to the preforms during carbonization . for example , the preforms may be unconstrained during carbonization or the preforms may be constrained during carbonization , typically by means for applying pressure . the preforms are then infiltrated via cvd / cvi processing in order to increase their density , resulting in a carbon - carbon composite which is suitable for use as , for instance , a brake disc or pad in aircraft and automotive brake systems . | 2 |
The version of the EVolve model used in the paper of Liggins et. al., 2022 'Growth and evolution of secondary volcanic atmospheres: 1 Identifying the geological character of warm rocky planets'. This model is also stored in a GitHub repository. | 9 |
testing an oscillator and other electronic devices on a circuit board . one method of the present invention comprises powering the oscillator . providing test instructions to a microprocessor on the circuit board to place the microprocessor in a test mode . receiving a clock signal from the oscillator at a multiplexer in a field programmable gate array . receiving operating instructions at the multiplexer from the microprocessor . multiplexing the clock signal to an external access port with the multiplexer in response to the operating instructions and measuring the frequency of the clock signal at the external access port . | 6 |
a mechanism that is suitable for incorporation in an apparatus for handling articles in a closely - spaced array to remove malformed pieces from those properly formed . the invention is especially useful in systems for treating dough pieces , particularly those used in preparing fried chip foods , to remove malformed pieces such as masa lumps . the mechanism can include a rotatable wheel having a plurality of radial blades extending from a central axis for selectively ejecting the malformed articles from a surface on which both the malformed and normally - shaped articles are interpositioned in the array and are conveyed past and below the outermost extremity of the blades . the ejected articles can be collected for recycling or disposal while the remaining acceptably - formed articles are retained for other treatment or use . | 1 |
a cushion for the boom of a sailboat including at least one preformed sleeve or flexible wrap of a soft resilient material which is configured to overly at least the entire opposite side portions of the boom along substantially the entire length thereof , and fasteners for selectively removably mounting the cushion on the boom . | 1 |
a fifth wheel slide assembly secondary lock includes an elongated cam member supported by a spindle extending upward from a sliding pedestal . a pair of linkage bars are pivotally coupled by one end to opposing ends of the cam member , the other ends of the bars being coupled to wedges operable for selectively engaging slide rails mounted to a vehicle frame in order to maintain a longitudinal position of said pedestal . the pedestal includes at least one stop extending upward from the pedestal at a height that extends above an arc defined by the rotation of the cam . | 1 |
the latency of virtual interrupt delivery in virtual machines is reduced by normalizing and exposing the virtual interrupt routing information of each vm to a privileged domain such as the vmkernel in an organized manner to enable virtual interrupt delivery that minimizes the number of vcpu hops . a computer implemented method of processing the virtual i / o request comprises receiving the virtual i / o request , responsive to completing a physical i / o corresponding to the virtual i / o request , referring to a virtual cpu set including information on a destination virtual cpu designated by the guest operating system for handling a virtual interrupt corresponding to the virtual i / o request , and generating the virtual interrupt corresponding to the virtual i / o request to the destination virtual cpu determined by referring to the virtual cpu set . | 6 |
Scripts for HIV-1 V1 feature extraction and statistics analysis | 9 |
the invention includes a liquid crystal display panel including spacers and a method of making this panel . the spacers , which are positioned in the liquid crystal - filled gap between a first substrate and a second substrate , provide support to the substrates and prevent the substrate from bending when the device is used as a touch screen panel . by preventing the bending of the device , the spacers help prevent the undesirable ripple effect suffered by liquid crystal devices . in order to minimize the amount of light blocked by the spacers , the spacers are formed in a region where light is substantially intercepted anyway , such as in a contact hole . a black matrix layer is formed on the spacers . the spacers may be distributed unevenly between the substrates , depending on how much force each of the spacers will have to absorb in each area of the panel . | 6 |
provided is a method for chip packaging , including the steps of : providing a semi - packaged wafer which has a cutting trail and a metal bonding pad of the chip ; forming on the metal bonding pad a sub - ball metal electrode , using a selective formation process ; forming a protective layer on the wafer in a region not including the sub - ball metal electrode , with the protective layer covering the cutting trail ; forming a solder ball on the sub - ball metal electrode ; dicing the wafer along the cutting trail . the present invention can prevent metal in the cutting trail from being affected during the production of the sub - ball metal electrode , and protect the lateral sides of a discrete chip after cutting . the process flow thereof is simple , and enhances the efficiency of the packaging as well as its yield . | 7 |
a key case includes a housing within which there is a plurality of rotationally mounted key holders . each key holder is connected to an individual key . a plurality of buttons is mounted on the housing . pressing on a selected button enables a desired key to swing out of the housing and move into an outwardly projecting position wherein it can be used to unlock a lock . in an alternative embodiment of the invention a selector assembly which is slideably mounted on the housing supports an operating button which facilitates pressing the desired button to select a key . | 8 |
according to one aspect , embodiments of the invention provide a recreational floatation device comprising a body portion comprising an inflatable member having a first inner perimeter surrounding a first inner area , a first support portion comprising a layer of material extending through the first inner area and attached to the inflatable member at its first inner perimeter to support a user of the device , a back support member located within said first inner area , a hinge mechanism coupled to the back support member and the first inner perimeter and configured to allow the back support member to rotate between a first position , wherein a substantial portion of the back support member extends generally away from the first inner area , and a second position , in which the back support member lies substantially within the first inner area . | 1 |
Alfvén waves as excited in black hole accretion disks and neutron star magnetospheres are the building blocks of turbulence in relativistic, magnetized plasmas. A large reservoir of magnetic energy is available in these systems, such that the plasma can be heated significantly even in the weak turbulence regime. We perform high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of counter-propagating Alfvén waves, showing that an $E_{B_{\perp }}(k_{\perp }) ∝ k_{\perp }^{-2}$ energy spectrum develops as a result of the weak turbulence cascade in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and its infinitely magnetized (force-free) limit. The plasma turbulence ubiquitously generates current sheets, which act as locations where magnetic energy dissipates. We show that current sheets form as a natural result of nonlinear interactions between counter-propagating Alfvén waves. These current sheets form owing to the compression of elongated eddies, driven by the shear induced by growing higher-order modes, and undergo a thinning process until they break-up into small-scale turbulent structures. We explore the formation of current sheets both in overlapping waves and in localized wave packet collisions. The relativistic interaction of localized Alfvén waves induces both Alfvén waves and fast waves, and efficiently mediates the conversion and dissipation of electromagnetic energy in astrophysical systems. Plasma energization through reconnection in current sheets emerging during the interaction of Alfvén waves can potentially explain X-ray emission in black hole accretion coronae and neutron star magnetospheres. | 9 |
The most authoritative synthesis of the quantitative spectroscopic analysis of stellar atmospheresThis book provides an in-depth and self-contained treatment of the latest advances achieved in quantitative spectroscopic analyses of the observable outer layers of stars and similar objects. Written by two leading researchers in the field, it presents a comprehensive account of both the physical foundations and numerical methods of such analyses. The book is ideal for astronomers who want to acquire deeper insight into the physical foundations of the theory of stellar atmospheres, or who want to learn about modern computational techniques for treating radiative transfer in non-equilibrium situations. It can also serve as a rigorous yet accessible introduction to the discipline for graduate students. | 9 |
disclosed is a data transmission / reception apparatus and method for minimizing decoding errors during high - speed packet transmission in a cdma mobile communication system . when retransmitting data in the hybrid automatic repeat request technique , the data transmission / reception apparatus and method performs symbol mapping on coded bits to be retransmitted by allocating different reliabilities to the coded bits according to the number of retransmissions , thus resulting in an improvement of system performance . | 7 |
this invention provides new gels in the form of highly hydrated self - supporting film , comprising one or more alkaline alginates , an alkaline earth alginate , a polyalcohol and a natural , synthetic or semisynthetic polymer of hydrophilic nature , and their preparation process . these polysaccharide - matrix gels in highly hydrated self - supporting film form are suitable for use as covering and protection materials for cutaneous lesions and / or pathologies in that they are obtainable in self - supporting form in the desired thickness , are transparent , flexible , have good mechanical characteristics , are adaptable to the lesion surface without strongly adhering to it , and are permeable to gas but are impermeable to liquids and bacteria ; one or more pharmacologically active substances can also be incorporated in the gel . | 2 |
Comets contain the best-preserved material from the beginning of our planetary system. Their nuclei and comae composition reveal clues about physical and chemical conditions during the early solar system when comets formed. ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has measured the coma composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with well-sampled time resolution per rotation. Measurements were made over many comet rotation periods and a wide range of latitudes. These measurements show large fluctuations in composition in a heterogeneous coma that has diurnal and possibly seasonal variations in the major outgassing species: water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. These results indicate a complex coma-nucleus relationship where seasonal variations may be driven by temperature differences just below the comet surface. | 9 |
user equipment reports single - cell or multi - cell channel state information to a base station on a physical uplink control channel format 3 resource . the pf 3 resource selected depends on whether ack / nack needs to be reported simultaneously . different coding and / or scrambling and / or interleaving schemes are used depending on whether ack / nack bits are present , as well as the number of ack / nack and / or csi bits . resource compatibility is maintained independently of the details of coding , interleaving , or scrambling — that is , all formats can be orthogonally multiplexed onto the same time - frequency resources . the format used for csi only is pf 3c whereas the format used for csi and ack / nack is pf 3b . pucch formats 3b and 3c may be further differentiated depending on whether a csi from a single or multiple cells are reported , or from which cells an ack / nack is reported . | 7 |
a fax conversion system for determining a measure of the number of pages transmitted by fax to or from a plurality of users , comprising : means for converting the transmitted pages into a format that can be output electronically rather than in hardcopy , means for counting the number of pages within an individual fax transmission , means for associating said fax transmission with a respective one of said plurality of users , and means for determining a measure of the total number of pages transmitted by fax to or from each of said plurality of users . the system may determine a measure of an equivalent number of trees saved , or the number of carbon credits gained , by not producing hardcopies of transmitted pages . | 7 |
inner and outer containers , telescoped together so the outer container can receive unfiltered liquid to be forced through a filter in the inner container , the inner container including an isolation flapper to permit flow from the filter but block flow back to the filter . | 0 |
the present invention is directed to a storage element and bicycle frame that work in conjunction with each other . the present invention to makes both the frame and storage element as aerodynamic as possible when the storage element is attached to the frame . the storage element is designed to function as an integral aerodynamic element of the frame . | 1 |
a solar cell . the solar cell includes a substrate , a first layer comprising a first copper - based material deposited upon the substrate , the first copper - based material electrically attracted to the substrate or to a first optional deposit layer deposited between the substrate and the first layer , and a second layer comprising a second copper - based material deposited upon the first layer or an second optional deposit layer deposited between the first layer and the second layer , the second copper - based material electrically attracted to the first layer or to the second optional deposit layer , wherein the first copper - based material and the second copper - based material are selected from the group consisting of copper indium gallium selenide , copper indium selenium , and cadmium sulfate . | 7 |
Context. We study the relation between the known binary fraction and spectral absorption feature index to judge whether (and potentially which) spectral absorption feature indices are suitable for determining the binary fraction. <BR /> Aims: The determination of the binary fraction is important in studies of binary star formation, evolutionary population synthesis models, and other works. The number of binary stars is difficult to determine for nearly all stellar systems because the individual stars are need to be resolved photometrically or spectroscopically. By comparison, their integrated spectra or spectral absorption feature indices are relatively easy to obtain. <BR /> Methods: We used Galactic globular clusters (GCs) as our sample since they have relatively accurate binary fraction measurements and spectroscopic observations along the radial direction. When studying the relation between binary fractions and the spectral absorption feature index, we used three types of binary fractions: one with a mass ratio of q > 0.5 (f(q > 0.5)) and two with a total binary fraction (the methods of counting (f(tot)<SUP>mf</SUP>) and fitting (f(tot)<SUP>mc</SUP>)), calculated and obtained the equivalent widths or magnitudes of 46 spectral absorption feature indices at three spectral resolutions (FWHM<SUB>Lick/IDS</SUB>, 5, and 15 Å). Since the regions for the binary fraction measurements (photometric) and the spectroscopic observations are different, we used the method of constructing the radial binary-fraction profile to get the binary fractions corresponding to the regions in the spectroscopic observations. The construction of the radial binary-fraction profile was obtained by using the python curve_fit module to fit the measured and analytic binary fraction values. The analytic value was expressed by taking advantage of the King surface-density profile and the assumed forms with respect to the radial binary-fraction profile (linear, quadratic, exponential, and Gaussian). <BR /> Results: We find that the low-resolution (15 Å) spectrum is not suitable for this study and the binary fraction type would affect the results: f(q > 0.5) and f(tot)<SUP>mc</SUP> exhibit better correlations with the spectral absorption feature index than f(tot)<SUP>mf</SUP> and the difference in metallicity would significantly affect the above relationship. Finally, to eliminate the effects of metallicity, age, and dynamical evolution, we only used those GCs with multiple spectra observed among different regions. We find that OIII-1, OIII-2, H<SUB>γF</SUB>, H<SUB>δF</SUB>, H<SUB>γA</SUB>, H<SUB>δA</SUB>, H<SUB>β</SUB>, Ca4455, C<SUB>2</SUB>4668, and TiO<SUB>1</SUB> indices have strong correlations with binary fraction. The two OIII indices are the most sensitive to the binary fraction, followed by four Balmer indices - the two narrower central bandpass Balmer indices (∼20 Å, F-definition) are more sensitive than the wider two (∼40 Å, A-definition) and, lastly, the Ca4455, C<SUB>2</SUB>4668, and TiO<SUB>1</SUB> indices. Using the binary fraction-sensitive spectral absorption feature indices in combination with the age- and metallicity-sensitive spectral absorption feature indices, we can determine the ages or metallicities first. Then we can go on to obtain the binary fractions for those stellar systems in which the individual stars cannot be resolved (e.g., dense or distant stellar systems). Furthermore, we are then able to carry out further studies of binary star formation and improve evolutionary population synthesis models. | 9 |
the present invention is a system of reception or transmission of media data , such as for audio or video streams , so that data communications alternate transmission or reception routes between available communications networks , choosing among parallel or single communications paths a most efficient and / or most reliable path for transmission of media packets . | 7 |
The magnetorotational instability (MRI) plays a crucial role in regulating the accretion efficiency in astrophysical accretion discs. In low-luminosity discs around black holes, such as Sgr A* and M87, Coulomb collisions are infrequent, making the MRI physics effectively collisionless. The collisionless MRI gives rise to kinetic plasma effects that can potentially affect its dynamic and thermodynamic properties. We present 2D and 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulations of the collisionless MRI in stratified discs using shearing boxes with net vertical field. We use pair plasmas, with initial β = 100 and concentrate on subrelativistic plasma temperatures (k<SUB>B</SUB>T ≲ mc<SUP>2</SUP>). Our 2D and 3D runs show disc expansion, particle and magnetic field outflows, and a dynamo-like process. They also produce magnetic pressure dominated discs with (Maxwell stress dominated) viscosity parameter α ~ 0.5-1. By the end of the simulations, the dynamo-like magnetic field tends to dominate the magnetic energy and the viscosity in the discs. Our 2D and 3D runs produce fairly similar results, and are also consistent with previous 3D MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulations. Our simulations also show non-thermal particle acceleration, approximately characterized by power-law tails with temperature-dependent spectral indices - p. For temperatures $k_\mathrm{ B}T \sim 0.05-0.3\, mc^2$, we find p ≈ 2.2-1.9. The maximum accelerated particle energy depends on the scale separation between MHD and Larmor-scale plasma phenomena in a way consistent with previous PIC results of magnetic reconnection-driven acceleration. Our study constitutes a first step towards modelling from first principles potentially observable stratified MRI effects in low-luminosity accretion discs around black holes. | 9 |
a method of assembling strings of pocketed coil springs into an innerspring assembly which may be used as the core of a mattress , cushion or similar body support foundation uses a fabric material , preferably having an adhesive component , between rows of pocketed coil springs . the adhesive material serves to bond the rows of springs to each other and to position them relative to one another to prevent expansion and / or contraction of the spring assembly . | 1 |
a method and device form a prediction value . a prediction direction is locally described by nonlinear trajectories . the prediction direction can be used in forming a prediction value to achieve a more accurate prediction determination . the method and device can be used in image compression or image - sequence compression . | 7 |
The volume of data from current and future observatories has motivated the increased development and application of automated machine learning methodologies for astronomy. However, less attention has been given to the production of standardized data sets for assessing the performance of different machine learning algorithms within astronomy and astrophysics. Here we describe in detail the MiraBest data set, a publicly available batched data set of 1256 radio-loud AGN from NVSS and FIRST, filtered to 0.03 < z < 0.1, manually labelled by Miraghaei and Best according to the Fanaroff-Riley morphological classification, created for machine learning applications and compatible for use with standard deep learning libraries. We outline the principles underlying the construction of the data set, the sample selection and pre-processing methodology, data set structure and composition, as well as a comparison of MiraBest to other data sets used in the literature. Existing applications that utilize the MiraBest data set are reviewed, and an extended data set of 2100 sources is created by cross-matching MiraBest with other catalogues of radio-loud AGN that have been used more widely in the literature for machine learning applications. | 9 |
a method of diagnosing , assessing susceptibility , and / or treating schizophrenia involving the observation of regulator of g - protein signaling 4 levels in a subject . embodiments of the present invention include increasing rgs4 expression levels in the cortex , either by chemical means or by genetic complementation . | 2 |
We evaluated the response of the Earth land biomes to drought by correlating a drought index with three global indicators of vegetation activity and growth: vegetation indices from satellite imagery, tree-ring growth series, and Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) records. Arid and humid biomes are both affected by drought, and we suggest that the persistence of the water deficit (i.e., the drought time-scale) could be playing a key role in determining the sensitivity of land biomes to drought. We found that arid biomes respond to drought at short time-scales; that is, there is a rapid vegetation reaction as soon as water deficits below normal conditions occur. This may be due to the fact that plant species of arid regions have mechanisms allowing them to rapidly adapt to changing water availability. Humid biomes also respond to drought at short time-scales, but in this case the physiological mechanisms likely differ from those operating in arid biomes, as plants usually have a poor adaptability to water shortage. On the contrary, semiarid and subhumid biomes respond to drought at long time-scales, probably because plants are able to withstand water deficits, but they lack the rapid response of arid biomes to drought. These results are consistent among three vegetation parameters analyzed and across different land biomes, showing that the response of vegetation to drought depends on characteristic drought time-scales for each biome. Understanding the dominant time-scales at which drought most influences vegetation might help assessing the resistance and resilience of vegetation and improving our knowledge of vegetation vulnerability to climate change. | 9 |
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