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the invention provides cross - linkable polymer powder compositions containing a ) at least one water - soluble polyhydroxy compound ; b ) at least one boric acid complex compound which is of limited solubility in water that is , it has a water solubility of less than 10 g per liter at normal conditions ; and optionally c ) a water - soluble film - forming polymer consisting of one or more free - radical polymerizable , ethylenically unsaturated monomers . the compositions are useful as a constituent in adhesives , plaster , jointing mortars , paints and binders for coating compositions , textiles , paper and the like . | 2 |
a method and apparatus for reducing thermal stress in steam turbines having steam chests with a plurality of linearly - arranged valves controlling respective nozzle chambers . by crosstying selected pairs of the valves , and selectively admitting steam through the crosstie , transfers of the turbine from a full - arc admission mode to a partial - arc admission mode , and vice versa , can be made with a minimum temperature differential . | 5 |
a rotating anode for an x - ray tube has an anode body composed of composite fiber material , mounted in a bearing system , the anode body having a target surface with a focal ring and including fibers with particularly high heat conductivity in the longitudinal direction . an axis - proximal cooling system is associated with the anode body . the majority of all fibers with high heat conductivity in the longitudinal direction terminate bluntly both at the focal ring and at the cooling system , such that their abutting faces respectively are in direct , heat - conducting contact both with the focal ring and with the cooling system . | 7 |
fluorescent glycosides containing aromatic hydrocarbon groups are useful in labelling and detection methods for a wide array of chemical and biological molecules . assembly of multiple analogs to form “ polyfluors ” affords fluorescence properties that are different from the properties of the component analogs . this allows for the design and use of combinatorial libraries of molecules displaying widely varying fluorescence colors . | 2 |
Horizon-scale observations from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have enabled precision study of supermassive black hole accretion. Contemporary accretion modeling often treats the inflowing plasma as a single, thermal fluid, but microphysical kinetic effects can lead to significant deviations from this idealized picture. We investigate how the helicity barrier influences EHT-accessible electromagnetic observables by employing a simple model for electron heating based on kinetic physics and the cascade of energy and helicity in unbalanced turbulence. Although the helicity barrier plays only a minor role in regions with high plasma β, like in standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks, it may substantially impact regions with more ordered magnetic fields, such as the jet and its surrounding wind in SANE flows as well as throughout the entire domain in magnetically arrested disk (MAD) flows. In SANE flows, emission shifts from the funnel wall toward the lower-magnetization disk region; in MAD flows the emission morphology remains largely unchanged. Including the helicity barrier leads to characteristically lower electron temperatures, and neglecting it can lead to underestimated accretion rates and inferred jet powers. The corresponding higher plasma densities result in increased depolarization and Faraday depths thereby decreasing the amplitude of the β <SUB>2</SUB> coefficient while leaving its angle unchanged. Both the increased jet power and lower $\left|{\beta }_{2}\right|$ may help alleviate outstanding tensions between modeling and EHT observations. We also find that the estimated ring diameter may be underestimated when the helicity barrier is neglected. Our results underscore the significance of the helicity barrier in shaping black hole observables and inferred accretion system parameters. | 9 |
We study the structural and dynamical properties of A209 based on Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. We obtain detailed temperature, pressure, and entropy maps with the contour binning method, and find a hot region in the NW direction. The X-ray brightness residual map and corresponding temperature profiles reveal a possible shock front in the NW direction and a cold front feature in the SE direction. Combined with the galaxy luminosity density map we propose a weak merger scenario. A young sub-cluster passing from the SE to NW direction could explain the optical subpeak, the intracluster medium temperature map, the X-ray surface brightness excess, and the X-ray peak offset together. | 9 |
<BR /> Aims: We aim to develop a chemical model that contains a consistent description of spin-state chemistry in reactions involving chemical species with multiple deuterons. We apply the model to the specific case of deuterated ammonia, to derive values for the various spin-state ratios. <BR /> Methods: We applied symmetry rules in the context of the complete scrambling assumption to calculate branching ratio tables for reactions between chemical species that include multiple protons and/or deuterons. New reaction sets for both gas-phase and grain-surface chemistry were generated using an automated routine that forms all possible spin-state variants of any given reaction with up to six H/D atoms, using the predetermined branching ratios. Both a single-point and a modified Bonnor-Ebert model were considered to study the density and temperature dependence of ammonia and its isotopologs, and the associated spin-state ratios. <BR /> Results: We find that the spin-state ratios of the ammonia isotopologs are, at late times, very different from their statistical values. The ratios are rather insensitive to variations in the density, but present strong temperature dependence. We derive high peak values (~0.1) for the deuterium fraction in ammonia, in agreement with previous (gas-phase) models. The deuterium fractionation is strongest at high density, corresponding to a high degree of depletion, and also presents temperature dependence. We find that in the temperature range 5 K to 20 K, the deuterium fractionation peaks at ~15 K, while most of the ortho/para (and meta/para for ND<SUB>3</SUB>) ratios present a minimum at 10 K (ortho/para NH<SUB>2</SUB>D has instead a maximum at this temperature). <BR /> Conclusions: Owing to the density and temperature dependence found in the abundances and spin-state ratios of ammonia and its isotopologs, it is evident that observations of ammonia and its deuterated forms can provide important constraints on the physical structure of molecular clouds. <P />Appendix A is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526468/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
We present a photometric analysis of globular cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104) using near-IR imaging data from the GeMS/GSAOI Galactic Globular Cluster Survey (G4CS), which is in operation at Gemini-South telescope. Our survey is designed to obtain AO-assisted deep imaging with near diffraction-limited spatial resolution of the central fields of Milky Way globular clusters. The G4CS near-IR photometry was combined with an optical photometry catalog that was obtained from Hubble Space Telescope survey data to produce a high-quality color-magnitude diagram that reaches down to K <SUB> s </SUB> ≈ 21 Vega mag. We used the software suite BASE-9, which uses an adaptive Metropolis sampling algorithm to perform a Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian analysis, and obtained probability distributions and precise estimates for the age, distance, and extinction cluster parameters. Our best estimate for the age of 47 Tuc is ${12.42}_{-0.05}^{+0.05}$ ± 0.08 Gyr and our true distance modulus estimate is (m-M)<SUB>0</SUB> = 13.250 ${}_{-0.003}^{+0.003}$ ± 0.028 mag, which are in tight agreement with previous studies using Gaia DR2 parallax and detached eclipsing binaries. | 9 |
disclosed is a pre - coat composition consisting essentially of a low density polyethylene having a melt index of from about 70 to about 425 ; a nitrogen - containing silane cross - linking compound , a resin having a ring and ball softening point from about 50 ° c . to about 115 ° c . ; a hydrocarbon wax ; and optionally naphthenic oil . the composition is useful in the manufacture of tufted carpets . | 3 |
a method of inspecting a semiconductor substrate having a back surface and including at least one piece of metal embedded in the substrate comprises directing measuring light towards the back surface of the substrate and detecting a portion of the measuring light received back from the substrate . the method also includes determining a distance between the piece of metal and the back surface based upon the detected measuring light received back from the substrate . | 7 |
Using separate universe simulations, we accurately quantify super-sample covariance (SSC), the typically dominant sampling error for matter power spectrum estimators in a finite volume, which arises from the presence of super survey modes. By quantifying the power spectrum response to a background mode, this approach automatically captures the separate effects of beat coupling in the quasilinear regime, halo sample variance in the nonlinear regime and a new dilation effect which changes scales in the power spectrum coherently across the survey volume, including the baryon acoustic oscillation scale. It models these effects at typically the few percent level or better with a handful of small volume simulations for any survey geometry compared with directly using many thousands of survey volumes in a suite of large-volume simulations. The stochasticity of the response is sufficiently small that in the quasilinear regime, SSC can be alternately included by fitting the mean density in the volume with these fixed templates in parameter estimation. We also test the halo model prescription and find agreement typically at better than the 10% level for the response. | 9 |
By utilizing Gaia EDR3 photometric/astrometric data, we studied the dynamical evolution from the obtained astrophysical, structural and dynamical parameters of the open clusters (OCs), Berkeley 10 (Be 10), Berkeley 81 (Be 81), Berkeley 89 (Be 89), and Ruprecht 135 (Ru 135). The Gaia EDR3 photometric distances from the isochrone fitting method are smaller than the ones of Gaia EDR2. The relaxation times of four OCs are smaller than their ages, in this regard, they are dynamically relaxed. Their steep overall mass function slopes mean that their low mass stars outnumber their massive ones. Their large τ/relatively small t<SUB>rlx</SUB> values imply an advanced mass segregation. Therefore, they seem to have lost their low-mass stars much to the field. Be 89's outer parts indicate an expansion with time. However, Be 10 and Be 81 show the relatively shrinkage core/cluster radii due to dynamical evolution. Ru 135 (1.0 Gyr) may have a primordial origin, instead of shrinking in size and mass with time. Be 89's tidal radius is less than its cluster radius. This means that its member stars lie within its tidal radius, in the sense it is gravitationally bound to the cluster. For the rest OCs, the cluster members beyond their tidal radii are gravitationally unbound to the clusters, which are more influenced by the potential of the Galaxy. | 9 |
an integrated circuit device structure having probe pad extensions in electrical communication with the wire bond pads and a method for performing failure analysis thereon . the invention provides an improved probing system for wire bond packages such that neither the wire nor the wire bond from the pads on the chip surface need be removed during testing procedures . included in the integrated circuit device is a plurality of conductive pads having a first area for receiving a wire bond and a second area for receiving a probe , wherein the second area abuts , and is an electrical communication with the first area . | 7 |
an apparatus comprises an input chamber being configured for accepting a flow of material . an output chamber is configured for flowing the material along a first pathway and a second pathway . a diverter member is disposed within the input chamber . the diverter member comprises a half wing shape pivotally joined at a juncture of the input chamber and the output chamber . the diverter member is operable to be positioned at a first position for diverting the flow to the first pathway and to be positioned at a second position for diverting the flow to the second pathway . a lever mechanism is configured to be operable for moving the diverter member between the first position and the second position in which the flow is uninterrupted . | 5 |
an electrophoretic gel elutor and concentrator includes a semi - permeable collecting membrane having a continuously diminishing cross - section terminating in an apex , and a supporting frame of matching configuration . this apparatus is useful in electrophoretic extraction of biological samples which have been previously cut from a separation gel . the apparatus is used with standard electrophoresis equipment including a buffer tank , electrodes , and a power source . due to the high effective cross - section of the collecting membrane , electrophoretic elution can be carried out quickly and efficiently . due to the continuously diminishing cross - section to the apex of the collecting membrane , the biological sample is advantageously concentrated and extractions of 99 % theoretical yield from a separated gel fragment is possible . | 6 |
installation for carrying persons down from a mountain station into a valley station along a guide rail which is born by supports or the like at a distance above the ground . individual sections of the guide rail are connected to one another in an articulated and longitudinally non - displaceable manner , and the guide rail is fastened on at least some of the supports in each case via a link that can be pivoted about a more or less vertical axis . | 1 |
a system and method of locating a position of a wireless device in range of one or more base stations . three signals are received that each contain a unique identifier for a base station . an estimate of the distance between the wireless device and each base station is performed . previously determined locations for each base station are referenced . at least one of the three base stations is capable of communication to remote locations and unavailable to the wireless device for communication to remote locations . | 6 |
an arrangement for use with a device that determines subjective refraction and / or performs other visual functions , comprises at least one light source , at least one light modulator for modulating the light source to produce modulated light , a driving unit for controlling said modulator to modulate the light source in accordance with video information corresponding to a video image , a two - dimensional deflector for deflecting the modulated light to produce a two - dimensional image , an optical transmitter for optically transmitting the light of the light source , and an optical projector for optically projecting the two - dimensional image onto a retina of an eye to be examined . | 0 |
a two part variable compression ratio piston assembly for use in a two cycle internal combustion engine , the piston assembly including an outer member movable relative to an inner member to vary the compression ratio of the engine and a hydraulic system utilizing oil from the lubrication system of the engine to automatically control the relative movement of the members to maintain a predetermined maximum combustion chamber pressure . the hydraulic circuit includes an upper and a lower chamber which expands and contracts conversely upon relative movement of the piston members and further includes a pumping system for pumping oil to the upper chamber and to the lower chamber through the upper chamber to thereby vary the compression ratio of the piston . the lower chamber is disposed adjacent the piston ring area of the piston assembly and the hydraulic system includes a pressure responsive release valve to discharge oil from the upper chamber to the crankcase of the engine upon a predetermined pressure being produced in the upper chamber . | 5 |
the present invention discloses an image - taking apparatus which can be easily assembled . an image - taking apparatus has an image - pickup unit and an exterior member which is made of a metal and in which the image - pickup unit is inserted and contained . here , the image - pickup unit has a projecting portion on an end face in a direction in which the image - pickup unit is inserted into the exterior member , the projecting portion projecting from the end face . the exterior member is produced by drawing and has a second opening portion in a face locating opposite to a first opening which is formed by drawing . the projecting portion projects out of the second opening portion . | 7 |
a method and computer device for managing imagery loaded in an image management system . the method includes analyzing the imagery loaded within the image management system , searching the imagery for one or more images , and displaying images found as a result of searching the imagery . analyzing includes selecting an image to analyze , authenticating the selected image , and securely uploading an authenticated image into the image management system . analyzing also includes performing a hashing operation on the selected image . securely uploading an authenticated image includes , uploading a successfully authenticated into the image management system , including uploading a text file with metadata for the selected image , appending a generated hash for the selected image original to the uploaded text file , uploading the selected image , comparing the generated hash with a hash of the uploaded selected image , and generating an error message if the generated hash does not match the hash of the uploaded selected image . | 6 |
method for communication between a central server and a computerized juke - box which operates in a conference mode , including : sending a header before any transaction , which includes the identity of the destination together , the identity of the emitter , and the size of the packets ; responding from the server in the form of a data packet , each packet sent by the server being encoded using the identification code of the juke - box software ; and receiving a data packet by the juke - box , which decodes the packet , simultaneously performs a check on the data received by the crc method and sends an acknowledgment of receipt to the server indicating the accuracy of the information received , to allow it to prepare and send another packet to the juke - box . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a method and corresponding system for improving the perceived visual quality of images for instance displayed on a colour television screen . according to the invention , there is provided a means for carrying out histogram processing for scaling an input video signal such that the maximum dynamic range is utilised and where the quality of the perceived image is also optimised . according to the invention , the histogram processing provides a transfer function for the image pixels to obtain enhanced image dynamics and also to provide a chrominance gain for scaling the chrominance components , when the luminance has been changed by the histogram processing . according to the invention , the histogram processing can also take variations of the ambient light into account . the method and system according to the invention can be implemented by a histogram processing block providing a luminance transfer function followed by a chrominance processing block , where the latter represents a selective chroma adjustment considering each individual pixel of an image . | 7 |
Galaxy clusters are the products of structure formation through myriad physical processes that affect their growth and evolution throughout cosmic history. As a result, the matter distribution within galaxy clusters, or their shape, is influenced by cosmology and astrophysical processes, in particular the accretion of new material due to gravity. We introduce an analysis method for investigating the three-dimensional triaxial shapes of galaxy clusters from the Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton - Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation (CHEX-MATE). In this paper, the first in a CHEX-MATE triaxial analysis series, we focus on utilizing X-ray data from XMM-Newton and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect maps from Planck and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope to obtain a three-dimensional triaxial description of the intracluster medium (ICM) gas. We present the forward modeling formalism of our technique, which projects a triaxial ellipsoidal model for the gas density and pressure, to be compared directly with the observed two-dimensional distributions in X-rays and the SZ effect. A Markov chain Monte Carlo is used to estimate the posterior distributions of the model parameters. Using mock X-ray and SZ observations of a smooth model, we demonstrate that the method can reliably recover the true parameter values. In addition, we applied the analysis to reconstruct the gas shape from the observed data of one CHEX-MATE galaxy cluster, PSZ2 G313.33+61.13 (Abell 1689), to illustrate the technique. The inferred parameters are in agreement with previous analyses for the cluster, and our results indicate that the geometrical properties, including the axial ratios of the ICM distribution, are constrained to within a few percent. With a much better precision than previous studies, we thus further establish that Abell 1689 is significantly elongated along the line of sight, resulting in its exceptional gravitational lensing properties. | 9 |
a repositionable downspout extension is formed as an integral blow molded plastic component having three distinct sections . a downspout connector end merges with a corrugated extendible middle section which terminates in a drainage pipe connector . the downspout connector includes two rectangular sections of different sizes defining two different securing segments for engaging two different sizes of downspouts . the middle section is of a pleated configuration and is of variable length by expanding or collapsing of the pleats . the drainage pipe connector is a circular connector for connecting with commonly used corrugated plastic pipe or rigid plastic pipe . in a preferred embodiment the downspout connector end also includes a connector for insertion and retention in the corrugated middle section . | 8 |
an implantable defibrillator lead comprises a flexible core onto which is wound helically wound coils to form an electrode . these electrode coils are partially encapsulated by a flexible matrix which holds them in their wrapped position around the core . due to its coiled coil structure , this electrode provides improved flexibility , and can be used endocardially , intravascularly , epicardially , or subcutaneously . the electrode may function alternately as a defibrillation electrode and as a sensing electrode in a lead with a separate pacing electrode . | 0 |
We combine results from deep ALMA observations of massive (M<SUB>*</SUB> > 10<SUP>10</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) galaxies at different redshifts to show that the column density of their interstellar medium (ISM) rapidly increases toward early cosmic epochs. Our analysis includes objects from the ASPECS and ALPINE large programs, as well as individual observations of z ∼ 6 quasar hosts. When accounting for non-detections and correcting for selection effects, we find that the median surface density of the ISM of the massive galaxy population evolves as ∼(1 + z)<SUP>3.3</SUP>. This means that the ISM column density toward the nucleus of a z > 3 galaxy is typically > 100 times larger than locally, and it may reach values as high as Compton-thick at z ≳ 6. Remarkably, the median ISM column density is on the same order of what is measured from X-ray observations of large active galactic nucleus (AGN) samples already at z ≳ 2. We have developed a simple analytic model for the spatial distribution of ISM clouds within galaxies, and estimate the total covering factor toward active nuclei when obscuration by ISM clouds on the host scale is added to that of parsec-scale circumnuclear material (the so-called torus). The model includes clouds with a distribution of sizes, masses, and surface densities, and also allows for an evolution of the characteristic cloud surface density with redshift, Σ<SUB>c, *</SUB> ∝ (1 + z)<SUP>γ</SUP>. We show that, for γ = 2, such a model successfully reproduces the increase in the obscured AGN fraction with redshift that is commonly observed in deep X-ray surveys, both when different absorption thresholds and AGN luminosities are considered. Our results suggest that 80-90% of supermassive black holes in the early Universe (z > 6 − 8) are hidden to our view, primarily by the ISM in their hosts. We finally discuss the implications of our results and how they can be tested observationally with current and forthcoming facilities (e.g., VLT, E-ELT, ALMA, and JWST) and with next-generation X-ray imaging satellites. By extrapolating the observed X-ray nebulae around local AGN to the environments of supermassive black holes at high redshifts, we find ≲1″ nebulae impose stringent design constraints on the spatial resolution of any future X-ray imaging Great Observatory in the coming decades. | 9 |
an error display circuit in a data processing device containing an independent processor circuit is set by an initializing signal generated when a power source is turned on and reset by the operation of the processor circuit when the initializing signal is removed . by this means the fact that the processor circuit can operate normally at a level above a definite degree can be affirmed by the state of the display circuit . | 6 |
This is the second release, containing links to results files, links to further webpages showcasing results, and some plots of both GWTC-1 results and review test results. | 9 |
a photoconductive composition containing at least one of azaazulenium salt compounds represented by the following formula : ## str1 ## wherein r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and r 6 each represents a hydrogen atom , a halogen atom , a hydroxyl group , a nitro group , a carboxyl group , a sulfonic acid group , a mercapto group or a monovalent organic residue ; a represents a divalent organic group bonded by the double bond ; x . sup .⊖ represents an anionic group ; n is the number of x . sup .⊖ groups required to balance the positive charge ; provided that each x . sup .⊖ group may be bonded to any of r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 or a to form an inner salt ; and any two of r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 and r 6 bonded to adjacent carbon atoms may be linked to form a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic carbocyclic or aromatic heterocyclic ring . the photoconductive composition provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity and stable charging properties even after long use . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a compound of the formula : ## str1 ## wherein r 1 is 2 - methyl - 1 - propenyl group or isobutyl group ; r 2 and r 3 are each hydrogen atom , an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue or an optionally substituted acyl group or r 2 and r 3 may form a ring together with the adjacent nitrogen atom ; and the bonding mark ˜ represents an α - linkage or β - linkage , or a salt thereof . the compound of the present invention has , among others , angiogenesis inhibiting activity , cell - growth inhibiting activity and immune reaction inhibiting activity , thus being useful as medicines , etc . | 2 |
an electronic system for aggregated pricing of linked multi - leg asset packages with an additional link to an automated broker system for trading the linked asset packages are disclosed . the invention provides methodology and apparatus to electronically produce aggregated price quotes for packages of instruments designed to represent traditional trading strategies involving cash and their derivatives . the system develops packages according to specified strategies , and prices the packages based on the national best bid and offer or direct input from participating market makers and investors . the packages are designed for easy understanding by traditional investors and designed for trading through a single order . these packages are desirable over separately trading the asset and its derivative instruments because they transfer market volatility risk from the investor to the institution by requiring market makers to agree to the aggregated price of the package prior to executing any trades . certain linked packages , such as most stocks and options , cannot be traded together on a single floor of an exchange due to restrictions by the securities and exchange commission regarding side - by - side trading and integrated market making of most stocks and options . this invention provides an electronic process for synthetic side - by - side trading across separate trading locations . the electronic process follows traditional rules regarding the manual handling of combination orders involving multiple asset types . the process significantly improves efficiency over manual handling resulting in a system that is scalable to high trade volumes . | 6 |
methods are disclosed for preparing novel biodegradable nanoparticles based on complexation of poly - gamma - glutamic acid or its cross - linked derivatives with bivalent lead ions . the final products are stable in aqueous media at low ph , neutral and mild alkaline conditions . the size of the complexes depends on the ph , concentrations and the ratios of γ - pga and lead ions the γ - pga nanoparticles made from biodegradable biopolymers with high flocculating and heavy metal binding activity of the present invention may be used for various water treatment applications in aqueous media . | 8 |
continuous multistep , economical , energy - saving process for making polybutylene terephthalate in which the butanediol - 1 , 4 used to transesterify dimethyl terephthalate is supplied from the condensed vapors volatilized during the precondensation and polycondensation steps of the process . these vapors , which contain low - soluble esters of terephthalic acid as well as butanediol , are condensed by contact with fresh butanediol , and volatilized butanediol containing the esters is recycled to the initial transesterification stage for reaction with dimethyl terephthalate . no additional butanediol is required for the reaction . | 2 |
in a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a capacitor constituted by a lower electrode , an upper electrode , and a dielectric film arranged between the lower and upper electrodes , a polysilicon film containing a group v element as an impurity is formed . the first etching step of forming an uneven portion on a surface of the polysilicon film is performed . the second etching step of forming an uneven portion on the surface of the polysilicon film is performed . the second etching step has an etch rate whose impurity concentration dependency is different from an impurity concentration dependency of an etch rate of the first etching step , thereby forming the uneven portion on the surface of the polysilicon film . | 7 |
a method and apparatus for feeding a cigarette tray transporting vehicle using a feeding apparatus comprising means for coupling cigarette tray transporting vehicle to said feeding apparatus and releasing the same from said feeding apparatus is provided . with this method , it is possible to automatically guide and set a succeeding cigarette tray transporting vehicle to the feeding apparatus while a preceding cigarette tray transporting vehicle is set to the feeding apparatus , thereby reducing the amount of labor required . | 0 |
this invention relates to a new technology that enables administration of cannabis to patients for medical purposes . in one embodiment , this invention is a component of a system of technologies , processes and concepts that creates a new method of producing , delivering , administering and regulating the use of medical cannabis . | 0 |
UCLID5 is a tool for the multi-modal formal modeling, verification,and synthesis of systems. It enables one to tackle verification problems for heterogeneous systems such as combinations of hardware and software, or those that have multiple, varied specifications, or systems that require hybrid modes of modeling. A novel aspect of UCLID5 is an emphasis on the use of syntax-guided and inductive synthesis to automate steps in modeling and verification. This toolpaper presents new developments in the UCLID5 tool including new language features, integration with new techniques for syntax-guided synthesis and satisfiability solving, support for hyperproperties and combinations of axiomatic and operational modeling, demonstrations on new problem classes, and a more robust implementation. This is the artifact corresponding to the UCLID5 tool paper. For instructions on how to set up, please see SETUP_README.md | 9 |
an apparatus operative to perform at least one of lifting and moving containers . a base structure is provided with wheels , counter - weight and supports on both sides . transverse beams are arranged on the on the base structure parallel with axles of the wheels . the beams include container moving units . the base structure includes two base cars arranged antimerically to and movable synchronously with each other , both base cars include container moving units having upper and lower container grips . the container moving units include at least one of traveling lower and upper lifting beams bearing at least a part of the container grips . | 1 |
a method and article for delivery of skin care agents . freeze - dried liposomes are used to encapsulate agents for delivery to specific cells in the skin . the applicable agents include perfumes , moisturizers , vitamins and therapeutic compounds as well as others . the agents are encapsulated in liposomes specifically selected to carry the agents to the target cells thereby increasing effectiveness and efficiency and minimizing systemic absorption . the liposomes are at least partially freeze - dried to improve shelf - life and improve delivery to the skin . after freeze - drying , the liposomes are deposited on or in a fabric - like pad . the liposomes are rehydrated either immediately prior to application to the skin or on the skin using natural moisture or a hydrating solution . an applicator is also provided to secure and hold the impregnated pad during use . the applicator may provide steam or vapor to rehydrate the liposomes during application . | 0 |
With fossil fuels running out and global energy demand increasing, the need for alternative energy sources is apparent. Nuclear fusion using Helium-3 may be a solution. Helium-3 is a rare isotope on Earth, but it is abundant on the Moon. Throughout the space community lunar Helium-3 is often cited as a major reason to return to the Moon. Despite the potential of lunar Helium-3 mining, little research has been conducted on a full end-to-end mission. This abstract presents the results of a feasibility study conducted by students from Delft University of Technology. The goal of the study was to assess whether a continuous end-to-end mission to mine Helium-3 on the Moon and return it to Earth is a viable option for the future energy market. The set requirements for the representative end-to-end mission were to provide 10% of the global energy demand in the year 2040. The mission elements have been selected with multiple trade-offs among both conservative and novel concepts. A mission architecture with multiple decoupled elements for each transportation segment (LEO, transfer, lunar surface) was found to be the best option. It was found that the most critical element is the lunar mining operation itself. To supply 10% of the global energy demand in 2040, 200 tons of Helium-3 would be required per year. The resulting regolith mining rate would be 630 tons per second, based on an optimistic concentration of 20 ppb Helium-3 in lunar regolith. Between 1,700 to 2,000 Helium-3 mining vehicles would be required, if using University of Wisconsin’s Mark III miner. The required heating power, if mining both day and night, would add up to 39 GW. The resulting power system mass for the lunar operations would be in the order of 60,000 to 200,000 tons. A fleet of three lunar ascent/descent vehicles and 22 continuous-thrust vehicles for orbit transfer would be required. The costs of the mission elements have been spread out over expected lifetimes. The resulting profits from Helium-3 fusion were calculated using a predicted minimum energy price in 2040 of 30.4 Euro/MWh. Annual costs are between 427.7 to 1,347.9 billion Euro, with annual expected profit ranging from -724.0 to 260.0 billion Euro. Due to the large scale of the mission, it has also been evaluated for providing 0.1% and 1% of the global energy demand in 2040. For 1%, the annual costs are 45.6 to 140.3 billion Euro and the expected annual profits are -78.0 to 23.1 billion Euro. For 0.1%, the annual costs are 7.7 to 20.5 billion Euro. The annual expected profits are -14.3 to -0.8 billion Euro. Feasibility has been addressed in three aspects. Technically, the mission is extremely challenging and complex. However, most required technologies exist or could be developed within a reasonable time span. From a political and legal perspective, the current international treaties hardly provide any framework for a lunar mining operation. Financially, the mission only produces a net profit in the best case, and only for medium- to large-scale operations, which require a very large initial investment. To make lunar Helium-3 usage possible, further research should concentrate on the mining operation and costs of fusion plants, as their impact by far outranks all other mission elements. Different transportation concepts may be investigated nevertheless. Many - not only technical - challenges concerning Helium-3 mining are still to be addressed. Although only a starting point for further investigations, this study shows that, despite popular claims, lunar Helium-3 is unsuitable to provide a significant percentage of the global energy demand in 2040. | 9 |
computer - implemented methods and apparatus for tagging data assets are disclosed . the disclosed methods include a method of responding to a user request that a computer program application open a data asset . the method of opening a data asset includes presenting to the user a location interface to receive data asset location information from the user to locate a desired data asset . the location interface is linked to a searchable tag database that includes concept data elements , asset references , and associations . concept data elements each representing a concept and have a hierarchy specified by concept hierarchy information . asset references each comprise a storage location identifier for a corresponding data asset . each association represents a relation between a data asset and a concept . the method also includes receiving from the user a query identifying a concept and a relation . in response to the query , the tag database may be used to identify a set of data assets each having a specified relation with an identified concept . the identified set of data assets may thereafter be presented to the user . the invention also features a computer program product , tangibly stored on a computer - readable medium , for responding to a user request that a computer program application open a data asset . the program includes instructions operable to cause a computer to present a location interface to the user , instructions to receive data asset location information from the user , instructions to link the location interface to a searchable tag database of concept data elements , asset references , and associations , instructions to receive a query identifying a concept and a relation , instructions to use the tag database to identify a set of data assets each having the relation with the concept , and instructions to present information identifying the set of data assets . | 8 |
a computer device for modifying software documentation for a software package is provided . a first computer is configured to provide the software documentation including help information related to the software package to a second computer and to receive a command from the second computer that corresponds to providing specified help information from the software documentation . the first computer is further configured to transmit the specified help information from the software documentation in response to the command and to receive an identification from the second computer indicating an identity of the second computer and a request from the second computer to modify the help information within the software documentation . the first computer is further configured to modify the help information within the software documentation in accordance to the request in response to determining that the identity of the second computer is authorized to modify the help information within the software documentation . | 6 |
an illuminated wheel cover includes a light - penetrable member having indicia thereon . the member may be mounted on an exposed spare wheel of a vehicle . light passed through the member enhances the indicia . the wheel is protected by the cover and the light - penetrable member aesthetically provides an added lighting feature for nighttime operation of the vehicle . | 1 |
a housing structure of a keyboard instrument has : a musical instrument main body having a keyboard portion in which a plurality of keys are aligned in order ; a cover having a hinge portion and a foldable portion along an alignment direction of the keys so as to open and cover an upper surface of the musical instrument main body ; and a cover lock portion formed in the upper surface of the musical instrument main body for locking the cover when the cover is opened and folded at the foldable portion . the hinge portion consists of a flexible synthetic resin which may be formed integrally with the cover or separately from the cover . | 8 |
an array of stacks containing a semiconductor fins and an oxygen - impermeable cap is formed on a semiconductor substrate with a substantially uniform areal density . oxygen - impermeable spacers are formed around each stack , and the semiconductor substrate is etched to vertically extend trenches . semiconductor sidewalls are physically exposed from underneath the oxygen - impermeable spacers . the oxygen - impermeable spacers are removed in regions in which semiconductor fins are not needed . a dielectric oxide material is deposited to fill the trenches . oxidation is performed to convert a top portion of the semiconductor substrate and semiconductor fins not protected by oxygen - impermeable spacers into dielectric material portions . upon removal of the oxygen - impermeable caps and remaining oxygen - impermeable spacers , an array including semiconductor fins and dielectric fins is provided . the dielectric fins alleviate variations in the local density of protruding structures , thereby reducing topographical variations in the height of gate level structures to be subsequently formed . | 7 |
a tin bath of a production line for producing flat glass , includes a crown covering a vat , in which the liquid tin is located . the crown consists of a self - supporting structure that rests directly on each side of the vat , on a supporting framework , via a limited , suitable number of sliding or rolling bearings . a method makes it possible to limit the longitudinal differential expansion between the crown and the vat such as to prevent deterioration of the luting seams between the vat and the crown that can cause gas leaks between the bath environment and the outside of the vat . the method involves monitoring the longitudinal differential expansion between the vat and the crown by measuring the latter and adjusting the cooling of the vat such as to keep the differential expansion within defined limits . | 2 |
the invention relates to a composition for the extension and increase of the activity of herbicidal compositions containing as herbicidally active ingredient at least one carbamate and / or thiolcarbamate and / or chloroacetanilide and / or dichloroacetanilide derivative and optionally antidotes therefore , which comprises at least one thio - or dithiophosphoric acid ester of the formula ## str1 ## wherein r stands for identical or different alkyl , alkenyl , isoalkyl , isoalkenyl , haloalkyl , haloalkenyl , isohaloalkyl or isohaloalkenyl groups , each containing up to 4 carbon atoms ; r &# 39 ; represents identical or different alkyl , alkenyl , isoalkyl , isoalkenyl , haloalkyl , haloalkenyl , isohaloalkyl , isohaloalkenyl groups , each containing up to 4 carbon atoms ; x is oxygen or sulfur , x 1 is oxygen or sulfur , with the proviso that at least one of the x 1 groups is other than oxygen . | 0 |
a method and arrangement is provided for minimizing electrical field stress on circuit interrupters and their housings via the arrangement of the external sheds or skirts of the housing . in one arrangement , some of the sheds are grouped about each side of the open gap that is defined by the contacts of the circuit interrupter in an open position . | 7 |
an electrostatic fiber collecting and yarn spinning apparatus is substantially improved by adding a bowl - shaped electrode and changing the configuration of the electrodes so that the rotating electrode is substantially enclosed by the stationary electrode . | 3 |
a touch fastener has a plurality of interspaced bonding elements arranged on a backing . each element has a head connected to the backing by a stem . to allow the head to always remain fastened to a body in the immediate vicinity , even if the backing is axially displaced over a predeterminable distance on a plane extending parallel to the body , the head has a disc with a diameter greater than the diameter at any point on the stem . the stem is conical and connected to the disk in an articulated manner by an articulated part . | 8 |
a steel railway sleeper has side walls and an upper wall , the upper wall having two pairs of upwardly formed protuberances , the protuberances of each pair forming respective rail retaining recesses which will hold rails correct to gauge , provide an upstand to which the stud is to be welded thereby reducing stud length , and provide a platform on which the spring clip can be positioned when the rails are assembled to the sleeper . | 4 |
a deposit removal probe for monitoring the effectiveness of a chemical at removing deposits from the internal surface of a pipeline used to transport fluids comprising a chamber constructed from mesh having a pore size sufficient to retain a sample of said deposit in said chamber while also allowing the deposit to be removed from the chamber with the action of the chemical and liquid flow through the pipeline and methods of using the probe to determine the effectiveness of a chemical at removing deposits from the internal surface of a pipeline and monitor corrosion rates of surfaces in contact with the deposit and in the bulk fluid . | 6 |
a datacenter housing servers , computers , data storage devices , telecommunications and related equipment for storing and accessing large amounts of data on a continuous , uninterrupted and reliable basis , which is provided with a supporting system or infrastructure for supplying power and cooling to the datacenter , which involves equipment primarily contained in modules situated outside the building that houses the primary computer and server equipment , whereby said supporting system or infrastructure is designed with redundant equipment , connections , and controls to avoid any single point of potential failure . | 6 |
a device for the treatment of erectile dysfunction or for penile exercise includes a vessel defining an elongated vacuum chamber and a mouth opening leading into the vacuum chamber . an annular pumping sleeve is mounted on , and slidingly displaceable relative to the vessel . the device includes valving arranged such that reciprocation of the sleeve relative to the vessel serves to pump air out of the vacuum chamber . the device further includes a constriction ring which is sealingly and dismountably mountable on the vessel , and which is configured sealingly to engage with an outer surface of a human penis inserted into the vacuum chamber . | 0 |
Star-forming and starburst galaxies (SFGs and SBGs) are considered to be powerful emitters of non-thermal gamma-rays and neutrinos. On this regard, the Fermi-LAT collaboration has found a correlation between the gamma-ray and infrared luminosities for a sample of local sources. Yet, the physics behind these non-thermal emissions is still under debate. Using the publicly-available fermitools, we analyse 15.3 years of gamma-ray between 1-1000 GeV data for 70 sources, 56 of which were not previously detected. We relate this emission to a physically-motivated model for SBGs in order to constrain Fcal for each source and then study its correlation with the star formation rate of the sources. We find at 4sigma level an indication of gamma-ray emission for other two SBGs, namely M 83 and NGC 1365. By contrast, we find that, with the new description of background, the significance for the gamma-ray emission of the previously detected M 33 reduces at $4\sigma$. We also find that the physically-motivated model for Fcal correctly describes the $\gamma$-ray observations, and it is crucial to assess the systematic uncertainty on the star formation rate. Finally, undiscovered sources strongly constraints Fcal at 95\% CL, providing fundamental information when we interpret the results as common properties of SFGs and SBGs. Hence, we find that these sources might contribute 12% to the EGB, while the corresponding diffuse neutrino flux strongly depends on the spectral index distribution along the source class. | 9 |
electrodes in plate form can be electrocatalytically coated and secured to a current distributor , such as by welding to a base plate , and may be serviceable , e . g ., as anodes , in cells electrolyzing brine . recoating of plate electrodes can require removal from the cell , removal of old coating , application of fresh coating , then returning and securing the freshly coated electrodes to the cell . there is now provided a covering innovation for the original electrode plates . in the covering innovation , the original plates do not need to be separated from a base member of the cell . in the method of covering , there is utilized an outer envelope member , tightly engaging the original plate electrode . the envelopes can have an electrocatalytic coating on their outer surfaces . the resulting electrodes are thus a combination of an old inner plate and a new outer envelope , with an outer surface coating on the envelope . the envelopes can be secured to the inner plate and / or to a current distributor such as a base plate . | 2 |
a mixing attachment for stirring sauces , foods , mixtures or the like in a microwave oven . the mixing attachment includes a vertical mixing arm , a stationary blade attached to the bottom of the arm , and a cross beam , which is fastened to the top of the vertical mixing arm . the cross beam is secured to the walls within the microwave oven . one way to implement the mixer is to extend the arm downward into a cooking dish . the cooking dish contains food and rests on a turntable . when cooking food , the turntable rotates causing the food to be mixed by the stationary blade . in addition , the blade may be made to move up and down by the rotating turntable through a series of cams and a drive wheel . | 8 |
a dual fuel premix nozzle and method of operation for use in a gas turbine combustor is disclosed . the dual fuel premix nozzle utilizes a fin assembly comprising a plurality of radially extending fins for injection of gas fuel and compressed air in order to provide a more uniform injection pattern and homogeneous mixture . the premix fuel nozzle includes a plurality of coaxial passages , which provide gaseous fuel and compressed air to the fin assembly . when in liquid fuel operation , the gas circuits are purged with compressed air and liquid fuel and water pass through coaxial passages to the tip of the dual fuel premix fuel nozzle , where they inject liquid fuel and water into the secondary combustion chamber . an alternate embodiment includes an additional gas fuel injection region located along a conically tapered portion of the premixed fuel nozzle , downstream of the fin assembly . a second alternate embodiment is disclosed which reconfigures the injector assembly and fuel injection locations to minimize flow blockage issues at the injector assembly and simplify fuel nozzle manufacturing . | 5 |
We derive for the first time the dust mass function (DMF) in a wide redshift range, from z ∼ 0.2 up to z ∼ 2.5. In order to trace the dust emission, we start from a far-IR (160-μm) Herschel selected catalogue in the COSMOS field. We estimate the dust masses by fitting the far-IR data (λ<SUB>rest</SUB> ≳ 50 μm) with a modified black body function and we present a detailed analysis to take into account the incompleteness in dust masses from a far-IR perspective. By parametrizing the observed DMF with a Schechter function in the redshift range 0.1 < z ≤ 0.25, where we are able to sample faint dust masses, we measure a steep slope (α ∼1.48), as found by the majority of works in the Local Universe. We detect a strong dust mass evolution, with M_d^{\star } at z ∼ 2.5 almost 1 dex larger than in the local Universe, combined with a decrease in their number density. Integrating our DMFs, we estimate the dust mass density (DMD), finding a broad peak at z ∼ 1, with a decrease by a factor of ∼ 3 towards z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2.5. In general, the trend found for the DMD mostly agrees with the derivation of Driver et al., another DMD determination based also on far-IR detections, and with other measures based on indirect tracers. | 9 |
an integrated cleaning and cutting device includes a case , a cover sealed the case , a basket received in the case , and a basket shelter mounted on the basket . a plurality of palings is formed on the basket . a drive mechanism is accumulated in the cover for driving the basket to rotate in the case . a cutting mechanism is fitted in the cover for cutting salad material . the cutting mechanism includes a blanking hole communicating with the basket in the case . the salad material is cleaned in the basket by the rotating of the basket in the case . on the other hand , the salad material can be cut and stored in the device , in which the basket and the cutting mechanism are equipped . since the device has multiple functions such as cleaning , cutting and storage , it is utilitarian in use . | 8 |
an electronic device & amp ; accessory support is a sash shaped structure which enables a user to “ put on ” and “ wear ” an electronic device & amp ; its connectivity accessories as easily as wearing a shoulder bag . the electronic device & amp ; accessory support securely holds a small electronic device and connected wire sets which extend through and exit the support from the upper end of the loop near the shoulder . the overall “ sash ” configuration stabilizes the support and the shoulder exit for ear bud speakers . | 0 |
a armature needle valve assembly for a gasoline fuel injector comprises a needle for contacting and separating from a valve seat . an armature , movable in a first direction and a second direction , causes the needle to contact and separate from the valve seat . a molded plastic connecting means secures the armature to the needle . | 5 |
a storage system comprises a plurality of hard disk drives and a storage controller providing a plurality of virtual volumes to a server and including a processor and a memory . the storage controller allocates pages of the plurality of virtual volumes to the plurality of hard disk drives in response to write requests . the storage controller controls to allocate outer sections of the plurality of hard disks to first addresses of the virtual volume and allocates inner sections of the plurality of hard disk drives to second addresses of the virtual volume , wherein the first addresses are lower than the second addresses . | 6 |
a process for preparing 1 , 1 - dichloro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane characterized in that 1 , 1 , 1 - trichloro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethane is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst comprising platinum to which at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver , copper , gold , tellurium , zinc , chromium , molybdenum and thallium is added . 1 , 1 - dichoro - 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethne can be obtained in a high yield . | 2 |
an anchor for attaching a pull cord to a window covering comprises a connector for attaching the anchor to the covering , a holder for connecting the pull cord to the anchor , and a clamp for releasably holding the pull cord on the holder and wherein the holder and clamp comprise a plug and socket combination and the connector is on either the holder or the clamp . | 4 |
a mobile dispensing apparatus capable of onsite bagging of fluent solid materials such as sand . the apparatus includes a hopper supported on wheels and having a trailer hitch . three augers convey fluent material to three chutes . each chute has a clamp for supporting a bag being filled . the apparatus has an on - board engine and a transmission selectively driving each auger . a pedal at each chute operates its respective clamp and connects its respective auger to the transmission by an electric clutch . the hopper has side doors and rear doors . a ramp can be removably attached at the rear door of the hopper . an open grate forms a floor within the hopper . shelves are disposed within the hopper . | 1 |
a solar power circuit for an electronic apparatus includes a solar power circuit including a solar battery , and a capacitor for storing an extra voltage between a solar power voltage and a source voltage supply necessary for driving the apparatus . | 8 |
described herein is a rapid continuous biomanufacturing platform process that combines a perfusion mammalian cell culture with a synchronized purification of the antibodies produced by the cell culture without the use of intermediate media holding tanks or other large retention devices . this method described herein includes continuous cell culture of mammalian cells expressing the biological of interest and comprising a cell retention device wherein the perfusion of fresh media into the reactor and hence the harvest rate of antibody containing spent media from the reactor has a rate of 1 vessel volume per day or less obtained by glucose control with a cell density of between 40 million cell / ml and 60 million cell / nil . immediate recovery and purification of the antibody is obtained by synchronizing the rate of perfusion with the antibody capture and elution step cycle in a column that contains affinity resin that is between 0 . 01 and 0 . 001 times the volume of the bioreactor . the perfusion rate and capture rate were perfectly synchronized by extensive method and media development resulting in equal rates and eliminating the need for holding tanks and cell bleeding . the result is an order of magnitude faster antibody production as compared to conventional fed - batch mode . | 1 |
a diaphragm is provided in a pump case so as to define a pump chamber communicated with an external member having an air chamber . a motor actuates the diaphragm to introduce air to the air chamber . an exhaust valve exhausts air in the pump chamber to lower a pressure in the air chamber . in the exhaust valve , an exhaust port is communicated with the pump chamber . a flexible valve body having a larger size than the exhaust port is disposed so as to close the exhaust port from a side facing the pump chamber . an actuator is disposed in an opposite side to the valve body relative to the exhaust port , and driven by the motor so as to be movable between a first position retracted from the exhaust port and a second position passing through the exhaust port so that the valve body is actuated so as to open the exhaust port . an urging member always urges the actuator to the first position thereof . | 5 |
a scavenging medical hood includes a hood for fitting over the head of a patient . a gas inlet port leads to the interior of the hood for supplying the interior of the hood with an appropriate respiratory gas and an aerosolized medicinal agent contained within that respiratory gas . a gas outlet connects between the interior of the hood and the ambient air for discharge of gas from the interior of the hood including any residual aerosolized medicinal agent remaining in that discharged gas . a vacuum port is located adjacent to the gas outlet . a vacuum is applied to the vacuum port via a suitable motorized vacuum source . vacuum at the vacuum port aspirates gas from the area of the gas outlet to aspirate respiratory gas , residual aerosolized medicinal agent still suspended in the respiratory gas and ambient air from the vicinity of the gas outlet into the vacuum port . a filter located in the vacuum line serves to filter out the residual aerosolized medicinal agent from the aspirate in the gas line . | 0 |
micro implement with micro payload is used for painless and safe percutaneous drug delivery . the micro • head made of maltose or saccharide contains drug and stands on micro - stem installed in orifice of stem holder . non drug micro - stem supports the payload to adjust insertion depth and reach an interest region under skin and is set to come out from the orifice just after insertion . the payload is completely bullet - like inserted into skin and the drug contained micro • head in the upper micro payload is also delivered into skin completely . the bioavailability 100 % is accomplished . the inserted payload solves in internal water and releases drug around the interest region . the implement is composed of payload and holder . the payload is unified of micro • head with drug and non - drug micro • stem . all saccharides means ecologically disposable . | 0 |
a pad for cleaning up liquid spills is described which contains a porous surface covering , and an absorbent interior containing chemically reactive reagents for neutralizing noxious chemicals within the spilled liquid . the porous surface and the absorbent component would normally consist of chemically resistant materials allowing tentative spill to pass . the absorbent interior which contains the neutralizing reagents can but is not required to be chemically resilient and conducts the liquid chemical spill towards the absorbent interior containing the chemically reactive reagents where the dangerous and undesirable chemicals within the chemical spill are then neutralized as well as removed from the premises . | 1 |
From deep imaging data obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope as part of the Smallest Scale of Hierarchy Survey (SSH), we have discovered low-surface brightness tidal features around NGC 5238 and UGC 8760, two nearby and relatively isolated dwarf galaxies with stellar masses of approximately $10^8 M_\odot$ and $2\times10^7 M_\odot$, respectively. In this study, we present detailed hydrodynamical $N$-body simulations that explain the observed faint substructures as the outcome of interactions between the dwarf galaxies and smaller satellite systems. We show that the asymmetric stellar distribution of NGC 5238 and the low-luminosity substructures observed to the northeast of UGC 8760 can be well attributed to recent interactions with smaller galaxies, each with a stellar mass roughly a few $10^5 M_\odot$, 50 times less massive than their respective hosts. In the simulations, these satellites have stellar and dark-matter masses consistent with the ones predicted by $\Lambda$CDM cosmology and share properties similar to those of local dwarf galaxies with similar stellar masses. The satellite-to-main galaxy mass ratio is approximately 1:10 in both cases. This satellite population aligns closely with predictions from cosmological simulations in terms of the number and mass relative to the host galaxy mass. | 9 |
a stair safety apparatus includes a wrist with an elastic cord attaché at one end to said band . a bar member attached by one end to a second end of the elastic cord . the bar member is of a length sufficient to allow the bar member to become wedged between a wall - mounted stair rail and a wall . | 0 |
a remote copy system includes : a first storage system having a first logical volume accompanied with a first plurality of disk drives in the first storage system ; a second storage system having a second logical volume , which is a virtual volume not accompanied with a second plurality of disk drives in the second storage system , the virtual volume configuring a first remote copy pair with the first logical volume ; and a third storage system having a third logical volume accompanied with a third plurality of disk drives in the third storage system , the third logical volume configuring a second remote copy pair with the virtual volume and storing a copied data of data stored in the first logical volume . if the second storage system receives write data sent from the first storage system to the virtual volume , the second storage system transfers the write data to the third logical volume in the third storage system . | 6 |
provided is a receiving medium comprising a substrate and an ink receiving layer provided thereon , said ink receiving layer comprising a blend of an ethylene vinylacetate copolymer and a hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol . the ink receiving layer preferably further comprises a solid particulate such as silica or calcium silicate . also provided is a process for providing a water resistant ink jet print by attaching droplets of a recording liquid on a recording medium , said recording medium comprising an ink receiving layer provided on a substrate with the ink receiving layer comprising a blend of an ethylene vinylacetate copolymer and a hydrolyzed polyvinylalcohol . | 8 |
The shadows cast by non-rotating and rotating modified gravity black holes are determined by the two parameters mass and angular momentum . The sizes of the shadows cast by the spherically symmetric static modified gravity-Schwarzschild and modified gravity-Kerr rotating black holes increase significantly as the free parameter is increased from zero. The Event Horizon Telescope shadow image measurements can determine whether Einstein's general relativity is correct or whether it should be modified in the presence of strong gravitational fields. | 9 |
Core-collapse supernovae are a promising potential high-energy neutrino source class. We test for correlation between seven years of IceCube neutrino data and a catalog containing more than 1000 core-collapse supernovae of types IIn and IIP and a sample of stripped-envelope supernovae. We search both for neutrino emission from individual supernovae as well as for combined emission from the whole supernova sample, through a stacking analysis. No significant spatial or temporal correlation of neutrinos with the cataloged supernovae was found. All scenarios were tested against the background expectation and together yield an overall p-value of 93%; therefore, they show consistency with the background only. The derived upper limits on the total energy emitted in neutrinos are 1.7 × 10<SUP>48</SUP> erg for stripped-envelope supernovae, 2.8 × 10<SUP>48</SUP> erg for type IIP, and 1.3 × 10<SUP>49</SUP> erg for type IIn SNe, the latter disfavoring models with optimistic assumptions for neutrino production in interacting supernovae. We conclude that stripped-envelope supernovae and supernovae of type IIn do not contribute more than 14.6% and 33.9%, respectively, to the diffuse neutrino flux in the energy range of about [ 10<SUP>3</SUP>-10<SUP>5</SUP>] GeV, assuming that the neutrino energy spectrum follows a power-law with an index of -2.5. Under the same assumption, we can only constrain the contribution of type IIP SNe to no more than 59.9%. Thus, core-collapse supernovae of types IIn and stripped-envelope supernovae can both be ruled out as the dominant source of the diffuse neutrino flux under the given assumptions. | 9 |
a porous fuel cell component , such as an electrode substrate , has a densified edge which forms an improved gas seal during operation when soaked with electrolyte . the edges are made from the same composition as the rest of the component and are made by compressing an increased thickness of this material along the edges during the fabrication process . | 8 |
the circuit and method providing dynamic scan chain partitioning delivers peak power reduction by dynamically partitioning scan chains into multiple groups , wherein transitions are equally distributed among these multiple groups . for each test pattern , a particular partitioning that leads to the even partitioning of the transitions is computed by analyzing the transition distribution of the pattern . the scan chain partitioning is formulated using an integer linear programming and an efficient greedy heuristic . the computed information is loaded into the reconfigurable scan chain partitioning hardware during the capture window . the partitioning hardware is composed of controllable clock gating logic , which is reconfigured on a per pattern basis , wherein the reconfiguration is effected by only utilizing the existing scan channels . the reconfigurability delivers a solution that is test set independent . the results confirm the superiority of dynamic scan chain partitioning over static partitioning techniques in terms of peak power reduction . | 6 |
a method for determining a position of a rotor of a synchronous alternating - current permanent - magnet machine includes injecting a high - frequency voltage superimposed on a voltage delivered by a machine control system ; measuring a current of the motor and extracting a current corresponding to the injected voltage ; and obtaining , from the injected voltage and from the corresponding current , an electrical angle θ suitable to identify the position of the rotor by using a sine and cosine of twice the electrical angle θ of the machine . | 7 |
identifying parameter and name / value pair separators within two or more strings of data . the identifying is performed by selecting at least one name / value pair separator candidate from the two or more strings of data , and filtering the at least one name / value pair separator candidate using one or more rules , thereby removing any of the name / value pair separator candidates that do not conform to any of the one or more rules . the identifying additionally includes selecting at least one parameter separator candidate from the two or more strings of data , and filtering the at least one parameter separator candidate using one or more rules , thereby removing any of the at least one parameter separator candidates that do not conform to any of the one or more rules . the result is a set of tuples that includes a name / value separator candidate , and a parameter separator candidate . | 6 |
an apparatus for flowing and filling liquified gases , which fuctions to flow and to fill liquified bases into cans from a liquified gas storage tank immediately before seaming of the cans . the apparatus includes a solenoid for attracting an upper portion of a needle of a flow valve formed from a needle valve to open and clode the valve . a pulse motor adjusts an opening - degree of the valve . a valve opening - degree detecting device detects the opening degree . a direction changing nozzle is formed with a nozzle opening obliquely descended in a direction of transporting a can , below the flow valve . a line speed and a balve open amount in a high speed region and a low speed region are respectively set to thereby obtain a line speed / valve opening - degree conversion table , on the basis of which an opening - degree of the valve can be controlled following the line speed . | 1 |
hmg - coa reductase inhibitors of formulae and are disclosed . ## str1 ## | 8 |
a slight tube assembly , in combination with a sensing instrument , such as an optical pyrometer , for use in continuously monitoring the temperature of the first row of rotating blades in large gas turbines , particularly the type used in industry . temperature data received by the pyrometer unit is fed to a control circuit , which regulates fuel input to the tubine to control the firing temperature . the key to obtaining reliable blade temperature data in the practice of this invention is the position of the sight tube in the turbine , which enables the pyrometer to &# 34 ; view &# 34 ; the rotating blades along a direct line of sight that penetrates a hot gas duct , but not the turbine section of the engine . | 6 |
a state machine that allows an audible alarm for a given fault condition to be extinguished while allowing subsequent audible alarms for different fault conditions . | 6 |
the invention pertains to a safety cabinet with an interior that is enclosed by a housing and a housing front side with a work opening that can be closed with a height - adjustable window . the safety cabinet contains an operating unit for controlling device functions which is integrated into the housing . the operating unit comprises at least one rocker button , the button assignment of which changes depending on the operating state of the safety cabinet in such a way that a certain device function can be controlled in the respective operating state by actuating a button of the rocker button . | 8 |
an electromagnetic machine with a deformable membrane includes at least one fixed part which can direct a magnetic flow interacting with at least one moveable part having regions which are magnetically polarized in order to ensure that alternative displacement of the moveable part corresponds to an alternative variation of the magnetic flow in the fixed part , the moveable part being kinetically linked to an edge of the membrane such that an undulation of the membrane corresponds to an alternative displacement of the moveable part , wherein the fixed part and moveable part are arranged in such a way that the moveable part can be displaced in a rotating manner . | 7 |
a method for calculating perfusion data , such as blood volume or blood flow from 2 - d angiography data or dsa sequences , is proposed . an angiography scene is recorded using specific acquisition parameters to generate the 2 - d angiography data or dsa sequences with administration of contrast agent based on a multiplicity of individual angiography images . a region of interest is defined suitable for comparison purposes . the volume segments are defined by the region of interest . the time / contrast curve is determined in the volume segments . perfusion data for calculating the relative perfusion data is ascertained . the perfusion data is compared and the relative perfusion data is calculated . the calculated relative perfusion data is not specified in terms of absolute physical quantities , but is provided simply as ratios , such as left / right or before / after . | 0 |
a mouthpiece that adjusts manually to accommodate a broad range of different size sets of upper and lower teeth in the mouth and yet seals the treatment area from oxygen exposure . the mouthpiece includes light emitting diodes and heat generating resistors all arranged in an array . a series of parallel texture bands are provides to guide and direct the light from the leds to diffuse generally evenly onto teeth to be treated . the seal arises from an inner surface of the mouthpiece titling inwardly so that a seal bead seals in the vicinity of the gum above the teeth to be treated . | 0 |
The dramatic brightenings of classical novae have yielded rich data sets of detailed light curves. Modelling these light curves is a challenge for any theory of classical novae. We have used our extended grid of nova outburst calculations to predict the luminosities of erupting novae expected in three electromagnetic bands - the visual, the near UV and the X-ray. Our models predict and explain many features of novae before eruption, as well as detailed characterizations of nova outbursts and post-nova declines. The evolutionary time-scales of eruption features vary by orders of magnitude, and depend on the basic nova parameters: white dwarf mass, luminosity and accretion rate. However, all light curves are found to share common features. Some of these features are unique to only one electromagnetic passband, while others show up in two, or in all three of the analysed bands. One extraordinary feature, common to all of our low-mass white dwarfs (0.65 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) novae, is that all exhibit a sharp rise followed by a more gradual decline in the near-UV luminosity, prior to the eruption in the visual luminosity. This is because the expansion of the outer layers lags behind the rise in bolometric luminosity. These predicted precursor-UV-flashes last between a few hours and a few days, and the predicted luminosity increase is between ∼0.5 and ∼3 mag. These flashes should be easily observable if a nova event is detected early and its time coverage is dense. Many observed novae exhibit a pre-maximum halt, and this feature is found in all three electromagnetic bands of many, but not all, of our nova models. We explain the presence or absence of pre-maximum halts as due to changes in the convective energy transfer regime. Finally we note cases where the maximum visual magnitude reaches as high as -8.5 mag for low-mass white dwarfs. This re-emphasizes the fact that white dwarf mass is not always the determining factor in setting a nova's peak luminosity. | 9 |
Second only to initial mass, the rate of wind-driven mass loss determines the final mass of a massive star and the nature of its remnant. Motivated by the need to reconcile observational values and theory, we use a recently vetted technique to analyze the mass-loss rates in a sample of OB stars that generate bow shock nebulae. We measure peculiar velocities from new Gaia parallax and proper motion data and their spectral types from new optical and infrared spectroscopy. For our sample of 70 central stars in morphologically selected bow shock nebulae, 67 are OB stars. The median peculiar velocity is 11 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, significantly smaller than classical “runaway star” velocities. Mass-loss rates for these O and early B stars agree with recently lowered theoretical predictions, ranging from ≃10<SUP>-7</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for mid-O dwarfs to 10<SUP>-9</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for late O dwarfs—a factor of about 2.7 lower than the often-used Vink et al. formulation. Our results provide the first observational mass-loss rates for B0-B3 dwarfs and giants—10<SUP>-9</SUP> to 10<SUP>-8</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. We find evidence for an increase in the mass-loss rates below a critical effective temperature, consistent with predictions of the bistability phenomenon in the range T <SUB>eff</SUB> = 19,000-27,000 K. The sample exhibits a correlation between modified wind momentum and luminosity, consistent in slope but lower by 0.43 dex in magnitude compared to canonical wind-luminosity relations. We identify a small subset of objects deviating most significantly from theoretical expectations as probable radiation-driven bow wave nebulae by virtue of their low stellar-to-nebular luminosity ratios. For these, the inferred mass-loss rates must be regarded as upper limits. | 9 |
an electrochemical gas sensor includes additional gas diffusion electrodes incorporated to carry out one or more diagnostic functions while the sensor is responding to a target gas . members of a plurality of sensing and diagnostic electrodes can be switched by associated control circuits to intermittently sense a target gas while others intermittently sense a different gas . the diagnostic electrodes are in direct communication with the target gas that is entering the cell . | 6 |
a fluid - flow - regulating contact applicator consisting of a plug or sleeve secured as a closure for a liquid dispensing bottle or similar container . the applicator is formed with a plurality of liquid - permeable ducts extending through a top wall thereof to provide fluid flow communication between the interior of the container and the ambient system . the ducts are physically dimensioned so as effectively to invoke surface tension molecular forces including capillary forces to preclude free flow of liquid through the ducts in response to gravitation alone , but to allow through flow of liquid when an outer face of the applicator is presented to and establishes contact between liquid contained in the duct and a surface to which the liquid is to be applied , thereby overcoming flow - inhibiting surface tension forces . | 1 |
The majority of galaxies with current star formation rates (SFRs), $\rm SFR_{\rm o} \ge 10^{-3} \, M_\odot\,yr^{-1}$ , in the Local Cosmological Volume, where observations should be reliable, have the property that their observed SFR<SUB>o</SUB> is larger than their average SFR. This is in tension with the evolution of galaxies described by delayed-τ models, according to which the opposite would be expected. The tension is apparent in that local galaxies imply the star formation time-scale τ ≈ 6.7 Gyr, much longer than the 3.5-4.5 Gyr obtained using an empirically determined main sequence at several redshifts. Using models where the SFR is a power law in time of the form ∝(t - t<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUP>η</SUP> for t<SUB>1</SUB> = 1.8 Gyr (with no stars forming prior to t<SUB>1</SUB>) implies that η = 0.18 ± 0.03. This suggested near-constancy of a galaxy's SFR over time raises non-trivial problems for the evolution and formation time of galaxies, but is broadly consistent with the observed decreasing main sequence with increasing age of the Universe. | 9 |
an electrical coupling assembly for a damper , the coupling assembly including a base and a rod received through the base . the rod has a threaded connector end and a conductor extending through the rod from the connector end . the coupling assembly further includes a conductive nut threaded onto the connector end of the rod and a plug housing including a ground lead and a power lead , the power lead being electrically coupled to the conductor . the coupling assembly has a conductive member engaging the plug housing and the nut , the conductive member being electrically coupled to the ground lead . the coupling assembly is particularly suited for use in a strut having an outer tube coaxial with the inner tube and connected to the rod and the wheel suspension assembly of the vehicle so as to absorb the side loads applied to the strut . in such a strut , the piston rod is “ upside down ”, with the piston at the top and the coupling assembly at the bottom , where it is fully exposed to environmental dirt , moisture , contaminants , temperatures and road induced shocks . | 5 |
a delayed locked loop circuit of dll comprises a buffer that receives a power - down signal and an inverted signal of a first clock signal ; first and second delay lines an output device that outputs signals corresponding to the output signals of the first and second delay lines respectively ; a replica delay unit , a phase comparator for comparing a phase difference between the output signal of the second buffer and the output signal of the replica delay unit ; and a delay line controller for controlling delay times of the first delay line and the second delay line by corresponding to a comparison result of the phase comparator . the dll circuit is configured such that the first and second buffers are disabled when the power - down mode entry notifying signal corresponding to a power - down mode is provided . | 7 |
a potential bias in the generation or a private key is avoided by selecting the key and comparing it against the system parameters . if a predetermined condition is attained it is accepted . if not it is rejected and a new key is generated . | 7 |
the present invention is directed to a system and method for cross - talk cancellation for multi - lane fluorescence detectors . the invention may be implemented in accordance with a variety of systems , including systems for multi - capillary electrophoresis . the present invention is based on a special calibration procedure for determination of a channel cross - talk matrix and enables an accurate separation of the fluorescence emitted from individual capillary lanes . the proposed method for cross - talk calibration and removal is very useful for design and development of multi - lane single photon counting detection systems . | 6 |
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