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a titanium oxide extended gate field effect transistor device and fabricating method thereof . titanium oxide is formed on an egfet by sputtering , coating a detection membrane therefor . current - voltage relationships at different ph values are also measured via a current measuring system . sensitivity parameter of the titanium oxide egfet is calculated according to a relationship between a ph value and a gate voltage . | 6 |
a burner assembly and a gas box for an atomic absorption spectrometer are disclosed . the burner assembly has a spray chamber for receiving oxygen , fuel and sample material and a burner located on the spray chamber for receiving the mixture so the mixture can be ignited to produce a flame to facilitate analysis of the sample material by atomic absorption of radiation . pressure transducer is provided for measuring the pressure in the spray chamber so that the pressure is not of a predetermined level the burner can be shut off . a fuel line supplies fuel to the spray chamber and an airline supplies air to the chamber . the lines and include flow restrictors and creating an accurate pressure drop thereby ensuring correct mixture of air and fuel . | 5 |
this invention discloses the antianxiety properties of compounds of the formula : ## str1 ## wherein n is 3 or 4 , r is c 1 - c 4 alkyl or phenyl , and ar is ## str2 ## where z is selected from h , c 1 - c 4 alkoxy , c 2 - c 4 alkenyloxy or hydroxy . | 0 |
an antenna arrangement for the inductive transmission of energy has magnetic cores made of a composite material with amorphous or nanocrystalline flakes and a moulded plastic material , so that the magnetic properties suitable for effective energy transmission can be adjusted at the same time as high security against fracture and a small overall height are achieved . | 7 |
a microelectronic device is rendered resistant to reverse engineering by encapsulating it in a dual layer encapsulant . the inner layer is compatible with the operation of the device , and has a greater resistance to chemical attack then does the device . the outer layer includes a filler of barium sulfate and gadolinium oxide , to absorb x - rays and n - rays respectively , is more resistant to chemical attack than the inner layer , and includes a groove around its periphery , to preferentially allow chemical attack radially . a full chemical attack damages the device beyond usable inspection , but a partial chemical attack is insufficient to remove x - ray and n - ray concealment . | 7 |
This release can be used to replicate the results in "Wind-robust sound event detection and denoising for bioacoustics" paper. Includes the appropriate version of AviaNZ, as well as analysis and figure generation scripts in the _wind-scripts/ directory. | 9 |
Ancient fluvial valley systems are long recognized as important features in the stratigraphic record, but emerged as a specific focus of attention with publication of first-generation sequence-stratigraphic concepts. This paper reviews current understanding of paleovalley systems from the perspective of Quaternary analogs and experimental studies. Paleovalley systems can include distinct mixed bedrock-alluvial, coastal-plain, and cross-shelf segments. Mixed bedrock-alluvial segments are long-lived, cut across bedrock of significantly older age, and have an overall degradational architecture. By contrast, coastal-plain and cross-shelf segments are non-equilibrium responses to high-frequency cycles of relative sea-level change: most coastal-plain and cross-shelf segments form as a geometric response to relative sea-level fall, as river systems cut through coastal-plain and inner shelf clinothems, and extend basinward to track the shoreline. After incision and cross-shelf extension, lateral channel migration and contemporaneous channel-belt deposition creates a valley-scale feature. Coastal-plain and cross-shelf paleovalley widths are set by the number of channel-belt sandbodies deposited during this time. Paleovalley systems play a key role in source-to-sink sediment routing. Early views included the model of incision and complete sediment bypass in response to relative sea-level fall. However, this model does not stand up to empirical, theoretical, or experimental scrutiny. Instead, there is a complex dynamic between incision, deposition, and sediment export from an evolving valley: periods of incision correspond with sediment export minima, whereas periods of lateral migration and channel-belt construction result in increased flux to the river mouth. Sediment export from evolving valleys, and merging of drainages during cross-shelf transit, play key roles in sediment transfer to the shelf-margin and genetically-linked slope to basin-floor systems. Connection between the river mouth and the shelf margin likely occurs for different periods of time depending on gradient of the river and shelf, as well as amplitude of high-frequency sea-level changes. Late Quaternary analogs and experimental studies provide an alternative sequence-stratigraphic interpretation for paleovalley systems. In coastal-plain paleovalleys, basal valley-fill surfaces meet criteria for an unconformity and a classically-defined sequence boundary: however, this surface is mostly everywhere of the same age as overlying fluvial deposits, and does not correspond to a long period of incision and sediment bypass. In cross-shelf paleovalleys, the basal contact between fluvial and deltaic or shoreface deposits is commonly interpreted as a sequence boundary, but is not an unconformity characterized by incision and sediment bypass. Instead, this surface is a facies contact that separates genetically-related fluvial and deltaic strata: the surface that correlates to the basal valley-fill surface within the coastal-plain paleovalley dips below cross-shelf prograding deltaic and/or shoreface strata, which are fed by deposition within the evolving valley itself, and should be the downlap surface. Many issues deserve attention in the future. We have stressed understanding the inherent scales and physical processes that operate during the formation and evolution of paleovalley systems. We also suggest the relative roles of allogenic forcing vs. autogenic dynamics, and the potential significance of high-frequency isostatic adjustments should be topics for future discussion. | 9 |
provided are an electrode capable of maintaining electrical conductivity during elongation and shrinkage , a method for manufacturing the same , and electrochemical device including the same . | 7 |
conceived to be place on a post , for instance that of a street - lamp , this support is constituted by two semi - clamps and , which include various radial flanges , those of one of the semi - clamps being equipped with toothed strips , and those of the other with grooves with a complementary tooth , in such a way that the clamp closes by mere pressure of one semi - clamp on the other with the interposition of the post . additionally , each semi - clamp includes a prismatic - rectangular housing , open at the top and sideways by means of an intermediate groove , where a prismatic - rectangular head is capable of being plugged , said prismatic - rectangular head finishing off each arm sustaining the advertising publicity poster , and being perfectly stabilized in the housing while the arm emerges outwards through the groove . | 6 |
disclosed is a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising a protective circuit including a mosfet which is connected directly to a bonding pad and which is connected in the form of a diode , and a resistor which is connected to the bonding pad at a stage posterior to the mosfet . a drain region of the mosfet is connected to the bonding pad , and has a large area of at least a certain fixed value in order to raise a voltage at which a p - n junction is destroyed . | 7 |
a method and system for manufacturing laminated cartons , in which webs of carton materials are fed along paths of travel toward a laminating station . a sensor reads printed indicia along a first one of the webs and controls application of adhesive to the second web for attaching the webs to form laminated sheets of carton material . | 1 |
a method for manufacturing a sheet of positive temperature coefficient material includes providing a ptc material , grinding the ptc material into a powder , and inserting the ground ptc material into a press . the ground ptc material is compressed within the press until the ptc material defines a planar shape . the ptc material is then removed from the press to thereby provide a ptc sheet . | 7 |
a stair making apparatus is disclosed . the stair making apparatus comprising a bench adapted to support a plurality of members and a beam ; a stop fixture connected to the bench , the stop fixture having a plurality of stops for individually engaging each of the plurality of members ; and one or more fasteners connected with the bench , the one or more fasteners configured to cooperate with the plurality of stops to brace the beam and the plurality of members in a form of a stair stringer . | 8 |
a wire guide of the type used in wire - type edm machines is improved by separately manufacturing a ceramic collar or collars and the support which houses the die guide , and subsequently combining these elements within a casing . the use of ceramic ensures corrosion resistance , while separate manufacture assures that the die guide is not subjected to the potentially damaging heat required in firing the ceramic . | 1 |
a voltage level shifter formed by single - typed transistors comprises two input terminals , two power supply terminals , a plurality of thin - film transistors , and an output terminal . another voltage level shifter formed by single - typed transistors comprises two input terminals , an output terminal , two power supply terminals , two input units , a first thin - film transistor , a disable unit , a feedback unit , and a second thin - film transistor . the voltage level shifters are formed by single - typed tfts . when integrating the voltage level shifters into a substrate of a tft display , the manufacturing processes are simplified . besides , power is saved . | 6 |
We present the first joint analysis of gamma-ray data from the MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes and the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) to search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter annihilation in dwarf satellite galaxies. We combine 158 hours of Segue 1 observations with MAGIC with 6-year observations of 15 dwarf satellite galaxies by the Fermi-LAT. We obtain limits on the annihilation cross-section for dark matter particle masses between 10 GeV and 100 TeV-the widest mass range ever explored by a single gamma-ray analysis. These limits improve on previously published Fermi-LAT and MAGIC results by up to a factor of two at certain masses. Our new inclusive analysis approach is completely generic and can be used to perform a global, sensitivity-optimized dark matter search by combining data from present and future gamma-ray and neutrino detectors. | 9 |
a method of one - piece casting of a tool with a working component of steel and a body of grey iron , and an interconnection zone therebetween is carried out in a single mould which is kept closed and unchanged during the casting . the steel is cast first from beneath and upwards , whereafter a pause is made . the casting of the grey iron is only carried out when the temperature of the steel in the intended interconnection zone has fallen to a temperature corresponding to the liquidus temperature of the steel minus approx . 30 Β° to 150 Β° c . | 8 |
a method for treating an edge portion of a wafer with a plasma or select chemical formulation in order to enhance adhesion characteristics and inhibit delamination of a layer of material from the wafer surface only on the edge portion that is being treated . alternatively , the method may be utilized to effectuate a cleaning of an edge portion of a wafer . | 7 |
the present invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing phase change material pellets . the method includes providing a melt composition including paraffin and a polymer . the paraffin has a melt point between about 10 Β° c . and about 50 Β° c ., and more preferably between about 18 Β° c . and about 28 Β° c . in one embodiment , the melt composition includes various additives , such as a flame retardant . the method further includes forming the melt composition into pcm pellets . the method further may include the step of cooling the melt to increase the melt viscosity before pelletizing . | 2 |
a recursive algorithm is provided for adaptive multi - parameter regression enhanced with forgetting factors unique to each regressed parameter . applications of this algorithm can include lead acid batteries , nickel - metal hydride batteries , and lithium - ion batteries , among others . a control algorithm is presented , having an arbitrary number of model parameters , each having its own time - weighting factor . a method to determine optimal values for the time - weighting factors is included , to give greater effect to recently obtained data for the determination of a system &# 39 ; s state . a methodology of weighted recursive least squares is employed , wherein the time weighting corresponds to the exponential - forgetting formalism . the derived mathematical result does not involve matrix inversion , and the method is iterative , i . e . each parameter is regressed individually at every time step . | 7 |
The repository was moved from its previous location in accordance with The Ocean Cleanup IT guidelines. The code of version 0.1 is still available on Zenodo at Bugfixes, do not change the results presented in the GMD paper. New plots in output, especially when using "from_csv" observations. Improved usability of repository. Now, the download, preparation of data and running the assimilation can be done from the examples_index.ipynb notebook. In the examples, included the new experiment using real dispersion data of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Allow to define the areas of the cells, useful when assimilating on a domain that does not have constant cell areas. Added a proper license following The Ocean Cleanup IT guidelines. Moved figures generation in the analysis folder. Renamed a few variables. | 9 |
a clutch disc including a pad - type ceramic metal friction member fixed by a plurality of rivets to the surface of a driven plate which functions as an inputside member of the clugch disc , and an axially elastically deformable cushioning plate interposed between the friction member and the driven plate , wherein the rivets are disposed in corresponding holes opening through the surface of the friction member . | 5 |
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular weight atmospheres, and TRAPPIST-1's seven known transiting Earth-sized planets are particularly favorable targets. To assist community preparations for JWST observations, we use simulations of plausible post-ocean-loss and habitable environments for the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets, and test simulations of all bright object time-series spectroscopy modes and all Mid-Infrared Instrument photometry filters to determine optimal observing strategies for atmospheric detection and characterization using both transmission and emission observations. We find that transmission spectroscopy with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph Prism is optimal for detecting terrestrial, CO<SUB>2</SUB>-containing atmospheres, potentially in fewer than 10 transits for all seven TRAPPIST-1 planets, if they lack high-altitude aerosols. If the TRAPPIST-1 planets possess Venus-like H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> aerosols, up to 12 times more transits may be required to detect an atmosphere. We present optimal instruments and observing modes for the detection of individual molecular species in a given terrestrial atmosphere and an observational strategy for discriminating between evolutionary states. We find that water may be prohibitively difficult to detect in both Venus-like and habitable atmospheres, due to its presence lower in the atmosphere where transmission spectra are less sensitive. Although the presence of biogenic O<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>3</SUB> will be extremely challenging to detect, abiotically produced oxygen from past ocean loss may be detectable for all seven TRAPPIST-1 planets via O<SUB>2</SUB>-O<SUB>2</SUB> collisionally induced absorption at 1.06 and 1.27 ΞΌm, or via NIR O<SUB>3</SUB> features for the outer three planets. Our results constitute a suite of hypotheses on the nature and detectability of highly evolved terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres that may be tested with JWST. | 9 |
a pump for use with a dispensing unit of a liquid hot melt adhesive system , dispensing units including the pump , and a method of operating a pump for pumping a liquid like liquid hot melt adhesive . the pump has a piston movable within a pumping chamber for transferring liquid from an inlet to an outlet . a valve body , which is resiliently biased relative to the piston , is moved out of contact with the inlet when the piston moves in a first direction and into contact with the inlet when the piston moves in a second direction . when the piston is moved in the first direction , the resilient biasing actively lifts the valve body out of contact with the inlet for overcoming any attractive adhesive force acting between the valve body and inlet . | 5 |
the invention relates to an output controller for an engine control for an engine system comprising an internal combustion engine and in electric generator coupled to the internal combustion engine ; a computer device which is designed to receive a mechanical target output for the engine system and a maximally permissible rotational speed for the generator and to calculate a target rotational speed for the electric generator and an output torque for the internal combustion engine on the basis of the target output and the maximally permissible rotational speed ; an inertia compensating device which is designed to calculate a torque transmitted to a shaft of the generator by a mass moment of inertia of the internal combustion engine on the basis of a change of the target rotational speed for the electric generator and to calculate a target torque for the internal combustion engine on the basis of the transmitted torque and the calculated output torque of the internal combustion engine ; and an efficiency calculating device which is designed to calculate a degree of efficiency of the engine system on the basis of the target rotational speed for the electric generator , the calculated output torque of the internal combustion engine , a battery voltage and a generator current of a battery of the engine system , and the calculated target torque for the internal combustion engine and to adapt the value for the mechanical target output , which is supplied to the first computer device , on the basis of the calculated degree of efficiency . the invention further relates to an engine controller and to an engine system . | 1 |
a fuel tank sensor assembly for an automotive fuel tank includes a sensor element mounted below a shear plane of the sensor assembly . in the event that a portion of the assembly is sheared off , the sensor element effectively seals off the sense port extending into the fuel tank thereby restricting liquid fuel from flowing from the tank . | 1 |
disclosed herein is a belt assembly including a flexible belt with an improved belt attachment . the belt attachment includes two crossbars spaced along the length of the belt . the crossbars retain bearings that allow predetermined movement in six degrees of freedom . the crossbars are connected by a rigid body that attaches to the bearings . implements that are attached to the rigid body are simply supported but restrained in pitching rotation . | 1 |
the present invention is directed to a charge pump circuit . a multi - stage charge pump circuit with a particular structure for at least one of said stages is presented . the stage has two switches of which the second switch has a pair of conduction terminals connected between the first control terminal of the first switch and a next stage . the second switch , for instance a transistor , has a second control terminal , the second control terminal being connected to said previous stage . the present charge pump circuit is especially suited for use in an integrated memory device . no special last or output stage is required . further , the circuit is suited for exploiting the floating well type technology , which is an advantage as the bulk effect is reduced by using such technology . in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention , the choice of the steering signals , possibly due to the selecting of the particular stage structure , is discussed . the selected structure results in less interclock constraints , more in particular in the vanishing of the node clocks constraint , enabling simpler clock design . | 7 |
The Smith Cloud is a high-velocity cloud with an orbit suggesting it has made at least one passage through the Milky Way disk. A magnetic field found around this cloud has been thought to provide extra stability as it passes through the Galactic halo. We use the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array to measure Faraday rotation measures (RMs) toward 1105 extragalactic background point sources behind and next to the Smith Cloud to constrain the detailed geometry and strength of its magnetic field. The RM pattern across the cloud gives the detailed morphology of the magnetic field structure, which indicates a field draped over the ionized gas and compressed at the head of the cloud. We constrain the peak line-of-sight magnetic field strength to β³+5 ΞΌG and create a model of the magnetic field to demonstrate that a draped configuration can qualitatively explain the morphology of the observed RMs. | 9 |
No description provided. | 9 |
to provide an operation control device for a vacuum pump and a method for stopping the operation of the vacuum pump that make it possible to effectively remove products , resulting from solidification and liquefaction of gas in a casing and possibly hindering the rotation of a pump rotor , so that the vacuum pump may be started normally . an operation control device 10 for a vacuum pump having a pump rotor 1 disposed in a casing 2 for free rotation includes a pump rotor control section 15 for controlling the rotation of the pump rotor 1 . the pump rotor control section 15 has a function to , after a pump stop action has been taken , rotate the pump rotor 1 in forward and / or reverse directions according to a predetermined timing pattern and then stop the pump rotor 1 . | 5 |
an enhanced biohazard detection system and a method for detecting , screening and analyzing biological agents are disclosed . the system incorporates an immunoassay detection device to provide a more robust , less expensive method for detecting biological agents in air samples collected at strategically located monitored sites . the immunodetection based assays may be used either in parallel with , or as a prescreening assay for , a polymerase chain reaction based assay for detecting and identifying biological agents in air samples . | 6 |
a semiconductor memory architecture is disclosed which results in reduced power dissipation . this reduction is accomplished by partitioning the word line of an array into segments thereby forming selectable blocks within the array . the power is reduced by the number of blocks by which the array can be partitioned . the word line segments are routed to a central decoder with a block select provision . routing is accomplished with interconnect lines which are typically metal layers . the array remains continuous in spite of block partitioning . | 6 |
an exhaust elbow includes an inlet , an outlet , a curved gas guiding duct between the inlet and the outlet , and a plurality of thermally insulated stiffeners connected to an external surface of the curved gas guiding duct , each of the stiffeners including a metallic component and thermal insulation adjacent to at least a portion of a surface of the metallic element . | 5 |
apparatus for providing mechanical feedback of a position of an actuator to a controller in a high vibration environment . the apparatus includes a member that contacts a cam surface of the actuator such that movement of the actuator and cam surface causes the member to move . the apparatus also includes a spring that exerts a force on the member toward the cam surface to maintain contact between the member and the cam surface . the apparatus also includes a damper that dampens motion of the member , thereby eliminating resonant movement of the spring and member caused by vibrations . | 5 |
razor handle extension shaving assembly for extending the reach of a razor shaving apparatus via handle means . there is disclosed a razor handle extension shaving assembly that is easy to use and manufacture having a simplistic , yet efficient design for a handle extension assembly having a substantially unitary structure without relative moving parts . the assembly is comprised of lightweight materials and containing an array of fluid flow apertures for facilitating use in wet and / or slippery conditions . a unique razor device retention mechanism consisting of a frictional grip means and razor receiving means operatively coupled to one another are distinctive features and said means is adapted to receive a variety of differently sized razor devices . another feature of the assembly lies in a unique handle structure having an angled portion along a reduced diameter middle portion . | 1 |
The dynamics in mergers of binary neutron star (BNS) systems depend sensitively on the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter. This has profound implications on the emission of gravitational waves (GWs) and the ejection of matter in the merger and post-merger phases and is thus of high interest for multimessenger astronomy. Today, a variety of nuclear EOSs are available with various underlying microphysical models. This calls for a study to focus on EOS effects from different physical nuclear matter properties and their influence on BNS mergers. We perform simulations of equal-mass BNS mergers with a set of nine different EOSs based on Skyrme density functionals. In the models, we systematically vary the effective nucleon mass, incompressibility, and symmetry energy at saturation density. This allows us to investigate the influence of specific nuclear matter properties on the dynamics of BNS mergers. We analyse the impact of these properties on the merger dynamics, the fate of the remnant, disc formation, ejection of matter, and GW emission. Our results indicate that some aspects of the merger, such as the frequencies of the post-merger GW spectrum and the shock-heated ejecta mass, are sensitive to the EOS around saturation density while others, such as the contraction of the remnant and the tidal ejecta mass, are sensitive to the behaviour towards higher densities, e.g. characterized by the slope of the pressure versus density. The detailed density dependence of the EOS thus needs to be taken into account to describe its influence on BNS mergers. | 9 |
a receptacle for various objects including food stuff is formed from a pleated sheet folded over itself to form a pouch with a mouth . the volume of the pouch may be expanded by pulling its corners apart , urging the sides of the pouch mouth together . in another variation , the pouch is formed of one section and a folded pleated section is deployed about the first section to form a cap . | 1 |
Ongoing improvements of sub-mm- and mm-range interferometers and single-dish radiotelescopes are progressively allowing the detailed study of planetary nebulae (PNe) in molecular species other than 12CO and 13CO. We are implementing a new set of tables for extending the capabilities of the morpho-kinematical modelling tool SHAPE+shapemol, so radiative transfer in molecular species beyond 12CO and 13CO, namely C17O, C18O, HCN, HNC, CS, SiO, HCO+, and N2H+, are enabled under the Large Velocity Gradient approximation with the ease of use of SHAPE. We present preliminary results on the simultaneous analysis of a plethora of IRAM-30m and HERSCHEL/HIFI spectra, and NOEMA maps of different species in the pre-PN nebula M~1-92, which show interesting features such as a previously undetected pair of polar, turbulent, high-temperature blobs, or a 17O/18O isotopic ratio of 1.7, which indicates the AGB should have turned C-rich, as opposed to the apparent nature of its O-rich nebula. | 9 |
The evolution of life is affected by variations of atmospheric oxygen level and geomagnetic field intensity. Oxygen can escape into interplanetary space as ions after gaining momentum from solar wind, but Earth's strong dipole field reduces the momentum transfer efficiency and the ion outflow rate, except for the time of geomagnetic polarity reversals when the field is significantly weakened in strength and becomes Mars-like in morphology. The newest databases available for the Phanerozoic era illustrate that the reversal rate increased and the atmospheric oxygen level decreased when the marine diversity showed a gradual pattern of mass extinctions lasting millions of years. We propose that accumulated oxygen escape during an interval of increased reversal rate could have led to the catastrophic drop of oxygen level, which is known to be a cause of mass extinction. We simulated the oxygen ion escape rate for the Triassic-Jurassic event, using a modified Martian ion escape model with an input of quiet solar wind inferred from Sun-like stars. The results show that geomagnetic reversal could enhance the oxygen escape rate by 3-4 orders only if the magnetic field was extremely weak, even without consideration of space weather effects. This suggests that our hypothesis could be a possible explanation of a correlation between geomagnetic reversals and mass extinction. Therefore, if this causal relation indeed exists, it should be a "many-to-one" scenario rather the previously considered "one-to-one", and planetary magnetic field should be much more important than previously thought for planetary habitability. | 9 |
the invention relates to a laser scribing system for structuring substrates , said system being characterised in that the planar rotor together with the laser device has a mass that is essentially less than the mass of the table and the substrate such that the machining speed is increased , and the substrate arranged on the table is still during the machining , or moves in a direction at a constant speed vsubstrat such that vibrations are reduced and the precision of the scribing traces increased . furthermore , other planar rotors can be mounted with a laser device without changing the structure of the machine such that the productivity is easily increased . ; the laser light is also guided , by means of optical fibres , as close as possible to the machining point , reducing the free length of the light beam such that the adjustment requirements for the optical - mechanical components are reduced and the system is more robust . | 7 |
We use the EAGLE cosmological hydrodynamic simulation suite to study the specific angular momentum of galaxies, j, with the aims of (I) investigating the physical causes behind the wide range of j at fixed mass and (II) examining whether simple, theoretical models can explain the seemingly complex and non-linear nature of the evolution of j. We find that j of the stars, j<SUB>stars</SUB>, and baryons, j<SUB>bar</SUB>, are strongly correlated with stellar and baryon mass, respectively, with the scatter being highly correlated with morphological proxies such as gas fraction, stellar concentration, (u-r) intrinsic colour, stellar age and the ratio of circular velocity to velocity dispersion. We compare with available observations at z = 0 and find excellent agreement. We find that j<SUB>bar</SUB> follows the theoretical expectation of an isothermal collapsing halo under conservation of specific angular momentum to within β50 per cent, while the subsample of rotation-supported galaxies are equally well described by a simple model in which the disc angular momentum is just enough to maintain marginally stable discs. We extracted evolutionary tracks of the stellar spin parameter of EAGLE galaxies and found that the fate of their j<SUB>stars</SUB> at z = 0 depends sensitively on their star formation and merger histories. From these tracks, we identified two distinct physical channels behind low j<SUB>stars</SUB> galaxies at z = 0: (I) galaxy mergers, and (II) early star formation quenching. The latter can produce galaxies with low j<SUB>stars</SUB> and early-type morphologies even in the absence of mergers. | 9 |
Context. Co-orbital asteroids have been thought to be the possible source of the zodiacal dust ring around the orbit of Venus, but the conclusions about the orbital stability and thus about the existence of Venus Trojans are inconsistent in the literature. <BR /> Aims: We present a systematic survey of the orbital stability of Venus Trojans that takes the dynamical influences from General Relativity and the Yarkovsky effect into account. <BR /> Methods: The orbits of thousands of fictitious Venus Trojans were simulated numerically. Using a frequency analysis, we describe their orbital stabilities and the dynamical mechanisms behind them. The influences of General Relativity and of the Yarkovsky effect, which were previously either neglected or oversimplified, were investigated in long-term numerical simulations. <BR /> Results: The stability maps on the (a<SUB>0</SUB>, i<SUB>0</SUB>) plane and (a<SUB>0</SUB>, e<SUB>0</SUB>) plane are depicted, and the most stable Venus Trojans are found to occupy low-inclination horseshoe orbits with low eccentricities. The resonances that carve the fine structures in the stability map are determined. General Relativity decreases the stability of orbits only little, but the Yarkovsky effect may drive nearly all Venus Trojans out of the Trojan region in a relatively short time. <BR /> Conclusions: The Venus Trojans have a poor orbital stability and cannot survive to the age of the Solar System. The zodiacal dust ring found around the orbit of Venus is more likely a sporadic phenomenon, as the result of a temporary capture into the 1:1 mean motion resonance of dust particles that were probably produced by passing comets or asteroids, but not by Venus Trojans. | 9 |
system for electrically interconnecting components are provided . one such system comprises : a flex cable having a first end and a second end ; a first connector attached to a electrically communicating with the first end of the flex cable ; a second connector attached to and electrically communicating with the second end of the flex cable ; and a first retention member extending outwardly from the flex cable . | 7 |
a vertical conduction integrated electronic device including : a semiconductor body ; a trench that extends through part of the semiconductor body and delimits a portion of the semiconductor body , which forms a first conduction region having a first type of conductivity and a body region having a second type of conductivity , which overlies the first conduction region ; a gate region of conductive material , which extends within the trench ; an insulation region of dielectric material , which extends within the trench and is arranged between the gate region and the body region ; and a second conduction region , which overlies the body region . the second conduction region is formed by a conductor . | 7 |
an apparatus for the removal or inhibition of underwater growth on an elongate submerged body . it includes at least one collar adapted to extend loosely around the elongate submerged body . the collar includes a breaker device to apply impact force on the underwater growth to break it up . the breaker device includes a voluminous body into which ambient water flows in and out . the device can advantageously include rollers . the apparatus on a smaller scale can act to inhibit the settlement of new underwater growth . | 1 |
an object display method and apparatus is disclosed which can easily display changeover of an entity , and an amusement apparatus is disclosed which can display a simulated burst having reality and punch . the method and apparatus first displays only one of the objects and hides other objects from the field of view . then , the method and apparatus displays the previously hidden objects and at the same time hides the previously displayed object . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for quickly acquiring synchronization of a signal in a wcdma communication system utilizing variable duration sample accumulation , validity testing of decoder estimates , and parallel decoding of multiple synchronization signals within a perch channel . the receiver accumulates the samples necessary to reliably determine slot timing . until slot timing estimates pass a validity test , samples are accumulated for frame timing estimates . until frame timing estimates pass a validity test , samples are analyzed to determine the pilot offset of the channel . | 7 |
New Release for zenodo | 9 |
a cutting structure for a rotary drill bit includes a cutting element 30 having a front layer 32 formed of polycrystalline diamond , bonded to a backing layer 33 formed of tungsten carbide . the cutting element is bonded to a carrier 33 which is formed of a number of detachable individual elements having means holding them in position such that , upon wear of the cutting structure in use , the holding means of an element engaging the formation will eventually fail , causing detachment of that element from the carrier , and thereby reducing the area of the cutting structure in contact with the formation . | 4 |
a transducer stack includes rings of piezo - electric ceramic alternating with metal electrodes along a threaded central shaft extending from a titanium back plate . a spacer or threaded element threaded on to the shaft holds the ceramic rings and electrodes in compression against the back plate . the transducer stack is mountable eccentrically to a horn of an ultrasonically - vibratable tool , away from an axis of an elongate waveguide extending from the horn . the transducer stack may vibrate in a flexural mode perpendicular to the waveguide , generating torsional mode ultrasonic vibrations in the horn and waveguide , or in a flexural mode parallel to the waveguide , generating longitudinal mode ultrasonic vibrations in the horn and waveguide . the transducer stack may be tuned by adjusting the length , mass and / or position along the shaft of the threaded element , the back plate and / or a second threaded element mounted to the back plate . motion sensors may be mounted to the horn . torsional vibrational modes of the horn and waveguide may be identified by motion amplitude of a peripheral sensor exceeding that of a near - axial sensor . the operation of the transducer stack may be controlled in response thereto . | 0 |
The project is hosted at: https://gitlab.com/pygp/fracwave/-/tree/master/ | 9 |
apparatus and method for handling articles , such as glass or ceramic plates , commonly referred to as masks , employed in the manufacture of semi - conductor devices . the masks are transported between two predetermined stations with a treating operation being performed thereon at an intermediate station . the subject apparatus utilizes a fluid bearing for removing a plurality of masks in sequence from an indexable carrier and for accurately positioning the masks in sequence relative to a vacuum transfer arm . the transfer arm positions the masks in a precisely oriented location on a rotatable vacuum chuck so that a predtermined operation may be formed thereon . another vacuum transfer arm then moves the treated masks in sequence from the vacuum chuck and places the same onto another fluid bearing for introduction thereby into another indexable carrier . specially designed vacuum transfer arms , and means for accurately positioning masks in sequence relative to an infeed transfer arm for precise positioning thereby on the vacuum chuck , are employed so that damage to the relatively fragile masks during transfer to and from , and spinning at , the treating station is obviated . | 7 |
Added Added compas.geometry.Line.point_from_start and compas.geometry.Line.point_from_end. Added compas.geometry.Line.flip and compas.geometry.Line.flipped. Added an compas.geometry.Frame.interpolate_frame(s) method Added compas.colors.Color.contrast. Added compas.geometry.Brep.from_plane. Added compas.tolerance.Tolerance.angulardeflection. Added compas.tolerance.Tolerance.update_from_dict. Added compas.scene.SceneObject.scene attribute. Changed Changed and update the compas_view2 examples into compas_viewer. Changed and updated the compas_view2 examples into compas_viewer. Changed compas.scene.Scene to inherent from compas.datastructrues.Tree. Changed compas.scene.SceneObject to inherent from compas.datastructrues.TreeNode. Changed compas.geoemetry._core.predicates_3 bug fix in is_coplanar while loop when there are 4 points. Changed to implementation of Mesh.unify_cycles to use the corresponding function of compas.topology.orientation. Fixed bug in compas.topology.orientation.unify_cycles. Fixed bug in Mesh.thickened. Fixed various bugs in compas.geometry.Quaternion. Changed repo config to pyproject.toml. Fixed broken import in copas.geometry.trimesh_smoothing_numpy. Changed RhinoBrep.trimmed to return single result or raise BrepTrimmingError instead of returning a list. Changed order of imports according to isort and changed line length to 179. Changed use of compas.geometry.allclose to compas.tolerance.TOL.is_allclose. Changed use of compas.geometry.close to compas.tolerance.TOL.is_close. Changed imports of itertools to compas.itertools instead of compas.utilities. Changed compas.tolerance.Tolerance to a singleton, to ensure having only library-wide tolerance values. Updated compas_rhino.conversions.point_to_compas to allow for Rhino.Geometry.Point as input. Changed compas.datastructures.Tree.print_hierarchy to compas.datastructures.Tree.__str__. Fixed compas.geometry.bbox_numpy.minimum_volume_box to avoid numpy.linalg.LinAlgError. Removed Removed compas.scene.SceneObjectNode, functionalities merged into compas.scene.SceneObject. Removed compas.scene.SceneTree, functionalities merged into compas.scene.Scene. Removed default implementation of compas.geometry.trimesh_geodistance since nonexistent. Removed compas.utilities.geometric_key and replaced it by compas.tolerance.TOL.geometric_key. Removed compas.utilities.geometric_key_xy and replaced it by compas.tolerance.TOL.geometric_key_xy. Removed indexed attribute access from all geometry classes except Point, Vector, Line, Polygon, Polyline. Removed compas.datastructures.Tree.print_hierarchy. | 9 |
systems and methods for personalizing prosthetic and orthotic devices are disclosed . in some embodiments , an apparatus includes a device configured to be worn by a wearer as at least one of a prosthetic or an orthosis , and a chrome layer disposed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the device . in other embodiments , and apparatus includes a device configured to be worn by a wearer as at least one of a prosthetic or an orthosis , and a light - emitting device attached to an outer surface of the device . in further embodiments , and apparatus includes a device configured to be worn by a wearer as at least one of a prosthetic or an orthosis , and an electronic tracking device operatively coupled to the device . | 8 |
a supply of a germanium precursor such as germanium n - butylamidinate is provided in close proximity to a microelectronic device substrate to be contacted therewith for deposition of germanium - containing material on the substrate . specific arrangements are described , including tray and reservoir structures from which solid , liquid , suspended or dissolved germanium precursor can be volatilized for transport to the substrate surface together with other precursors , carrier gases , co - reactants or the like . in such manner , the germanium precursor can be activated independently of the activation of other precursors , within the deposition chamber , to achieve highly efficient formation of germanium - containing material on the substrate , e . g ., a gst film of a phase change memory device . | 2 |
An incremental version of the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope is presented. This version (4LAC-DR3) derives from the third data release of the 4FGL catalog based on 12 yr of E > 50 MeV gamma-ray data, where the spectral parameters, spectral energy distributions (SEDs), yearly light curves, and associations have been updated for all sources. The new reported AGNs include 587 blazar candidates and four radio galaxies. We describe the properties of the new sample and outline changes affecting the previously published one. We also introduce two new parameters in this release, namely the peak energy of the SED high-energy component and the corresponding flux. These parameters allow an assessment of the Compton dominance, the ratio of the inverse-Compton to the synchrotron-peak luminosities, without relying on X-ray data. | 9 |
a soldier carries a weapon on which a laser device is mounted , which is used for illuminating a harness device on the body of another soldier . this harness device is provided with sensors , which perform detection tasks for several applications in connection with arbitrary simulation scenarios in the course of exercises and battles . the laser device has a laser target illumination element which is designed for transmitting tightly bundled laser beams , as well as chopper means for transmitting laser beams which are not only coded , but also chopped at a predeterminable frequency . the sensors contain tuning means for obtaining an alternating electrical signal from the received chopped laser beams , which is supplied to a pre - amplifier connected upstream of a discriminator . a very sensitive laser identification system results due to the fact that the electrical signal obtained in this manner can be very strongly amplified . | 5 |
a configurable manual controller for manipulating images or symbols on a display is adapted for construction with matable building elements arranged by a user . the user forms the manual controller to exhibit a customized ornamental appearance reflecting the user &# 39 ; s game - inspired , ergonomic , or style preferences . | 6 |
We perform detailed spectroscopy of the X-ray-brightest supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), N132D, using Chandra archival observations. By analyzing the spectra of the entire well-defined rim, we determine the mean abundances for O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe for the local LMC environment. We find evidence of enhanced O on the northwestern and S on the northeastern blast wave. By analyzing spectra interior to the remnant, we confirm the presence of a Si-rich, relatively hot plasma (β³1.5 keV) that is also responsible for the Fe K emission. Chandra images show that the Fe K emission is distributed throughout the interior of the southern half of the remnant but does not extend out to the blast wave. We estimate the progenitor mass to be 15 Β± 5 M<SUB>β</SUB> using abundance ratios in different regions that collectively cover a large fraction of the remnant, as well as from the radius of the forward shock compared with models of an explosion in a cavity created by stellar winds. We fit ionizing and recombining plasma models to the Fe K emission and find that the current data cannot distinguish between the two, so the origin of the high-temperature plasma remains uncertain. Our analysis is consistent with N132D being the result of a core-collapse supernova in a cavity created by its intermediate-mass progenitor. | 9 |
a brake stroke logging indicator for determining brake stroke condition on a vehicle braking system comprising a moveable logger within a housing which logger can be moved within the housing from an initial position to a moved position , by the pressure from a brake pushrod . after the pressure from the brake pushrod has been released however , the logger remains in position in the housing . as such , the logger indicates the distance of the longest brake stroke traveled since the system was reset , without the need of a second person , or brake pedal jamming device . the indicating logger will always indicate the longest stroke traveled , where the driver has no need to hold the brake pedal down for inspection . moreover , when the vehicle is stopped the indicating logger will indicate other mechanical problems that normally can be detected only when the vehicle is in motion . | 1 |
a fluid control mechanism utilizing a housing having an opening or tunnel through the interior of the same . the housing provides at least one chamber communicating with the housing opening . a seat positions within the housing opening and the chamber . a plug , adapted to occupy the seat and close to restricted passage , positions within the first chamber . particulate filter means comprising a pressure deformable section which includes a passage to the housing opening partially filled by a relatively rigid filter element . a gap in the filter means passage allows compression of the deformable section . | 8 |
the present invention relates to a balanced circuit arrangement and methods for linearizing and calibrating such a circuit arrangement , wherein linearization is obtained by introducing a load imbalance between the output branches of the balanced circuit arrangement . thus , a controllable extraneous imbalance is created between the output loads of the balanced circuit arrangement to thereby obtain a linearization by means of even - order non - linearity . | 7 |
We investigate low-density accretion flows onto massive black holes (BHs) with masses of β³10<SUP>5</SUP> ${M}_{\odot }$ orbiting around in the outskirts of their host galaxies, performing 3D hydrodynamical simulations. Those wandering BHs are populated via ejection from the galactic nuclei through multibody BH interactions and gravitational wave recoils associated with galaxy and BH coalescences. We find that when a wandering BH is fed with hot and diffuse plasma with density fluctuations, the mass accretion rate is limited at βΌ10%-20% of the canonical Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton rate owing to a wide distribution of inflowing angular momentum. We further calculate radiation spectra from radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto the wandering BH using a semianalytical two-temperature disk model and find that the predicted spectra have a peak at the millimeter band, where the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has the highest sensitivity and spatial resolution. Millimeter observations with ALMA and future facilities such as the next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) will enable us to hunt for a population of wandering BHs and push the detectable mass limit down to M<SUB>β’</SUB> β 2 Γ 10<SUP>7</SUP> ${M}_{\odot }$ for massive nearby ellipticals, e.g., M87, and M<SUB>β’</SUB> β 10<SUP>5</SUP> ${M}_{\odot }$ for the Milky Way. This radiation spectral model, combined with numerical simulations, will be applied to give physical interpretations of off-nuclear BHs detected in dwarf galaxies, which may constrain BH seed formation scenarios. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for an electrical box repair cover have been described . two substantially u - shaped members are capable of being positioned about an electrical box and then connected together resulting in being affixed to the electrical box . a cover may be secured to the electrical box by various techniques including straps , clamps , etc . | 7 |
an immunologic method has been devised enabling diagnosis of patients with cystic fibrosis , as well as asymptomatic carriers of the cystic fibrosis gene . mono - specific antibody to cystic fibrosis protein is inserted into a first position on an electrophoresis plate . a body fluid from the subject to be tested is placed into a second position on the plate . an electrical potential is imposed across the positions with the anode being adjacent to the section containing the serum and the cathode being adjacent to the section containing the antibody . the presence of cystic fibrosis protein is indicated by one or more precipitation zones forming where the body fluid proteins meet the antibody due to movement induced by an applied electrical potential . the relative position of the precipitation zone between the first and second positions , or the area of the precipitation zone , indicates a concentration of the cystic fibrosis protein . methods for producing the purified cystic fibrosis protein antibody and for purifying the cystic fibrosis protein itself are also disclosed . | 6 |
the invention relates to a muffler which includes a first expansion chamber , a second expansion chamber , a resonator chamber , and an inlet pipe having a first open end and a second open end . the first open end of the inlet pipe is inserted into the first expansion chamber so as to communicate with the latter . a resonator pipe runs substantially in a coaxial relationship with the inlet pipe so as to establish communication between the first expansion chamber and the resonant chamber . a return pipe is disposed between the resonator chamber and the second expansion chamber and passes through the first expansion chamber for establishing communication between the first expansion chamber and the second expansion chamber . an outlet pipe communicates with the second expansion chamber . the improvement comprises that said return pipe has an open end and is inserted with the open end into said resonator chamber , while the inserted open end thereof is sealed with a plug . a portion of the return pipe , passing through the first expansion chamber and the resonator chamber , is provided with at least a throughhole . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for visualizing in three - dimensions an image of a subsurface object such as an internal structure of a mechanical component , or of a fetus or other internal biological feature within a human body , utilizes a sensor such as an ultrasonic transducer of an ultrasound wand to acquire ultrasonic images of an object , and a target plate attached to a wand which is optically imaged by a digital camera during each of a sequence of ultrasound scans . each ultrasound image scan of an object is made with the position and / or orientation of the ultrasonic scan beam changed , thereby forming a sequence of quasi two - dimensional slices which intersect the object at different locations and / or aspect angles . visual features of the target plate such as pairs of intersecting lines are used to calculate a first coordinate transformation which transforms each electronically recorded oblique optical image of the target plate and sensor to a normal view thereof , and each normally oriented target plate image is used to orient each sonogram image in a fixed coordinate system . a transformation matrix is then used to assemble in a fixed three - dimensional coordinate system a plurality of normalized two - dimensional sensor image slices of correct relative size , location , and orientation . the assembly of sensor image slices enables visualization of the object in three - dimensions , as for example by mentally constructing directrix lines between contour perimeters of adjacent normalized sensor image slices to thereby define a three - dimensional image surface of the object . | 8 |
the invention is a printing ink comprising a zinc - containing metal resinate complexed with aminopolyester resins and the process for preparing them . in particular , the invention relates to aminopolyester resins having properties which make them useful as resinate dilution extenders in formulating vehicles for gravure and intaglio printing inks . | 2 |
a method for recovery of cerium oxide from the abrasive waste composed mainly of cerium oxide arising from the polishing of glass substrates , said method including the steps of adding to the abrasive waste an aqueous solution of a basic substance ; adding to the resulting solution a precipitant , thereby forming precipitates composed mainly of cerium oxide , and removing the supernatant liquid ; adding to the resulting precipitates a solution of an acid substance , thereby making said precipitate slightly acid to neutral ; washing the precipitates with an organic solvent ; and drying and crushing the precipitates . the method males it possible to recycle abrasive waste into a pure abrasive composed mainly of cerium oxide which can be reused to polish synthetic quartz glass substrates for state - of - the - art semiconductor technology relating to photomasks and reticles . | 2 |
a technique is described for improving the sampled current accuracy in current mirror circuits such as are often used to monitor the current output to a load . a reference voltage is established to feedback the load voltage conditions at the output to the current reference circuitry , thereby greatly reducing the error in the reference current over that which is produced by prior art circuits . the technique is shown as applied to a current limiting circuit for driving an output load . an alternative embodiment is also disclosed . | 6 |
a magnetizing method for tone wheel and apparatus , wherein the method comprises the steps of preparing a ring reinforcement made of magnetic material and attached to an annular body to be magnetized , the ring reinforcement comprising a tubular part and an other part integrally formed with the tubular part ; holding the tubular part of the ring reinforcement with a fixture such as a jaw type chuck made of non - magnetic material ; and apply an alternate magnetic flux to the annular body while axially rotating the fixing means , keeping one end of a magnetizing yoke approximate to the surface of the annular body , the alternate magnetic flux forming a circular closed loop which passes the one end of the magnetizing yoke and the other end of the magnetizing yoke , via the annular body and the ring reinforcement midway , thereby magnetizing the annular body in a manner that s poles and n poles are alternately formed along its periphery . | 6 |
a printer used for a tv receiver , which printer comprises a memory for synchronously storing digital gradation density signals corresponding to the video signals in analog form received by the tv receiver ; a read - out control circuit for reading out the digital signals stored in the memory ; and a printer for printing out the signals read out by the read - out control circuit , thereby making copies of the images shown on the tv screen . | 7 |
an apparatus for reducing voltage surge while powering up an amplifier device , the amplifier device charging an input capacitance in at least one input line during the powering up , the charging being subject to a time constant established by the input capacitance in cooperation with an input resistance in the at least one input line , includes : a resistive load switchingly coupled with at least a portion of the input resistance in the at least one input line . the switchingly coupling is effected during at least a portion of the powering up . | 7 |
a communication system includes a first endpoint located behind a first connectivity barrier , such as a firewall or a consumer gateway , and a second endpoint . a service is arranged to respond to a request from the first endpoint to establish communications with the second endpoint by assigning a server to handle a session between the first endpoint and the service . a session initiated by the second endpoint is established with the service if the second endpoint is located behind a second connectivity barrier . if the second endpoint is not located behind a connectivity barrier , a transport level communications connection can be established with the second endpoint . in some cases , the service can instruct the first endpoint to establish a direct session with the second endpoint . | 7 |
automatic generation of post - layout optimization circuitry allows a computer system running an integrated circuit design tool to automatically compensate for timing errors by synthesizing circuit elements to bring the timing within specified timing constraints . a new circuit element is assigned a location without determining an allowable physical location on the integrated circuit , and all timing calculations are based on the assigned location . then , once the timing constraints have been met by one or more new circuit elements , an incremental layout is performed to find physical locations for the new circuit elements , using the assigned locations as initial targets . by using assigned locations during timing calculations and later determining valid physical locations , many different circuit configurations may be evaluated in a short period of time , with only the best ones going through the more time - consuming step of layout and routing . | 6 |
a wall mounted holder for an appliance is disclosed . the holder is capable of supporting a variety of conventional hair dryers and permitting the flow of air to be directed in any desired direction while leaving the user &# 39 ; s hands free for other purposes . | 5 |
a technique is provided for allocating access to time slots used for transferring data between nodes in a time multiplexed network , whose bandwidth is divided into cycles . the cycles are in turn divided into control slots for control signaling and data slots for transferring data . the slots allocated to a primary home node may be temporarily allocated to a temporary home node , in which case the temporary home node , instead of the primary home node , then temporarily has the write access to the slots . the slots may subsequently be reallocated to the primary home node . in particular , the degree of temporary allocation of slots to a first node is evaluated . then , the number of slots having the first node as a primary home node may be increased based upon the evaluation . this decreases the need for temporary allocation of slots within the network . | 7 |
a configurable robotic apparatus and system is disclosed that is remotely operable in difficult , hazardous , subterranean , or submerged environs . the apparatus merges diverse disciplines to effect inspecting , cleaning , treating , repairing or otherwise maintaining a wide variety of materials and conditions . deployment environments include power , municipal water and wastewater plants , surface and submerged infrastructures , and like industrial applications . extensible and articulating modules , configurable through standardized and interchangeable connectors , provide unique flexibility , scalability and versatility to accommodate a wide range of shapes , surfaces , and obstacles . in - module intelligence and instrumentation eliminates the need for constant manual control through autonomous operation capable of simultaneous optimization and synchronization of multiple work processes , but manual override and remote control is provided to overcome unanticipated limitations . benefits include improved efficiency , cost , and safety over prior art . high - performance , one - pass operation reduces facility downtime while incorporating environmentally responsible debris recovery . | 1 |
construction system consisting of a flat main body having recesses at its edges and a centrally - hinged connecting member having opposed parts that fit in the recesses . | 0 |
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project is a dedicated multi-object RM experiment that has spectroscopically monitored a sample of 849 broad-line quasars in a single 7 deg<SUP>2</SUP> field with the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey spectrograph. The RM quasar sample is flux-limited to i <SUB>psf</SUB> = 21.7 mag, and covers a redshift range of 0.1 < z < 4.5 without any other cuts on quasar properties. Optical spectroscopy was performed during 2014 January-July dark/gray time, with an average cadence of ~4 days, totaling more than 30 epochs. Supporting photometric monitoring in the g and i bands was conducted at multiple facilities including the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and the Steward Observatory Bok telescope in 2014, with a cadence of ~2 days and covering all lunar phases. The RM field (R.A., decl. = 14:14:49.00, +53:05:00.0) lies within the CFHT-LS W3 field, and coincides with the Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) Medium Deep Field MD07, with three prior years of multi-band PS1 light curves. The SDSS-RM six month baseline program aims to detect time lags between the quasar continuum and broad line region (BLR) variability on timescales of up to several months (in the observed frame) for ~10% of the sample, and to anchor the time baseline for continued monitoring in the future to detect lags on longer timescales and at higher redshift. SDSS-RM is the first major program to systematically explore the potential of RM for broad-line quasars at z > 0.3, and will investigate the prospects of RM with all major broad lines covered in optical spectroscopy. SDSS-RM will provide guidance on future multi-object RM campaigns on larger scales, and is aiming to deliver more than tens of BLR lag detections for a homogeneous sample of quasars. We describe the motivation, design, and implementation of this program, and outline the science impact expected from the resulting data for RM and general quasar science. | 9 |
All multiple population (MP) formation models in globular clusters (GCs) predict that second population (SP) stars form more centrally concentrated than the first population (FP). As dynamical evolution proceeds, spatial differences are progressively erased and only dynamically young clusters are expected to retain a partial memory of the initial structural differences. In recent years, this picture has been supported by observations of the MP radial distributions of both Galactic and extragalactic GCs. However, more recent observations have suggested that in some systems, FPs might actually form more centrally segregated, with NGC 3201 being one significant example of such a possibility. Here, we present a detailed morphological and kinematic characterization of the MPs in NGC 3201, based on a combination of photometric and astrometric data. We show that the distribution of the SP is clearly bimodal. Specifically, the SP is significantly more centrally concentrated than the FP within βΌ1.3 cluster's half-mass radius. Beyond this point, the SP fraction increases again, likely due to asymmetries in the spatial distributions of the two populations. The central concentration of the SP observed in the central regions implies that it formed more centrally concentrated than the FP, even more so than what is observed in the present-day. This interpretation is supported by the key information provided by the MP kinematic properties. Indeed, we find that the FP is isotropic across all the sampled cluster extension, while the velocity distribution of the SP becomes radially anisotropic in the cluster's outer regions, as expected for the dynamical evolution of SP stars formed more centrally concentrated than the FP. The combination of spatial and kinematic observations provide key insights into the dynamical properties of this cluster and lend further support to scenarios in which the SP forms more centrally concentrated than the FP. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a composition for an antifreeze liquid or a coolant . the present invention provides the composition for the antifreeze liquid or the coolant comprising : a glycol - based antifreeze agent ; a cyclo hexane dicarboxylic acid ; and a non - reduced polyol . generally , a mixture of mono - or dicarboxylic acid , which is used as a corrosion inhibitor agent , and an inorganic additive is prone to cavitation erosion and corrosion of gaps , but when a composition is comprised by using in parallel the cyclo hexane dicarboxylic acid and the non - reduced polyol , a synergy effect is created , thereby exhibiting a superior corrosion prevention effect with respect to cavitation erosion and corrosion of gaps inside a cooling apparatus . | 2 |
an open - path / free - space optical communication system using reflected light has modulated optical or laser sources and provides communication between the modulated source and a detector in an obstructed line - of - sight relationship . the system detects backscattered light impinging on a target illuminated by the source of light . barrier objects positioned in a line - of - sight path between the source and detector are circumvented and a first device that provides the modulation signal for the source controls a remote second device . | 7 |
a method for making a semiconductor device includes cleaning a semiconductor wafer after a chemical mechanical polishing process to remove or reduce particles of copper , a corrosion inhibitor such as triazole , and a copper oxide layer on the copper layer . in order to prepare for plating the copper layer with a layer that functions as a barrier to copper migration or diffusion , the surface of the copper layer and the dielectric layer are treated with an oxidant , a surfactant , and copper - chelating agent . the copper - chelating is preferably a mild acid such as an organic acid . the oxidant is particularly useful in removing the corrosion inhibitor . the barrier layer , preferably conductive , is then plated on the surface of the copper layer . subsequent interlayer dielectric layers and copper layers follow that can use the same process . | 2 |
the present invention is directed to a liquid coffee in which the development of acidity has been inhibited and which results in a longer shelf - stable product . the method used in making the liquid coffee product of the present invention includes treating the coffee extract with an alkali , the alkali being present in an amount effective to convert acid precursors present in the coffee extract to their respective acid salts , and thereafter neutralizing the treated coffee extract with an acid , the acid being present in an amount effective to neutralize any excess alkali from the first step and to adjust the final ph of the liquid coffee product to the desired value . | 0 |
a method for producing a proanthocyanidin extract is described . the method comprises : providing a volume of proanthocyanidin - containing liquid feedstock ; passing the proanthocyanidin - containing liquid feedstock to an ultrafiltration feed tank ; filtering the material in the ultrafiltration feed tank through an ultrafiltration membrane system to fractionate the material into a proanthocyanidin - reduced permeate stream and a proanthocyanidin - enriched retentate stream ; collecting the proanthocyanidin - reduced permeate stream ; and passing the proanthocyanidin - enriched retentate stream to the ultrafiltration feed tank until the volume of proanthocyanidin - containing liquid feedstock is exhausted and thereafter collecting the proanthocyanidin - enriched retentate stream . | 0 |
compounds having the structural formula i or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein r is optionally substituted phenyl , cycloalkenyl , or heteroaryl ; x is alkylene or β cch 2 β; y is β nch 2 ch 2 n 3 )β, β och 2 ch 2 n β, β o β, β s β, β ch 2 s β, β 2 β nh β, or optionally substituted m and n are 2 - 3 , and q is nitrogen or optionally substituted carbon ; and z is optionally substituted phenyl , phenylalkyl or heteroaryl , diphenylmethyl , r 6 β c β, r 6 β so 2 β, r 6 β oc β, r 7 β n β c β, r 7 β n β c β, phenyl - ch β, or phenyl - c β; or when q is ch , phenylamino or pyridylamino ; or z and y together are substituted piperidinyl or substituted phenyl ; and r 2 , r 3 , r 6 , r 7 , and r 8 are as defined in the specification are disclosed , their use in the treatment of parkinson &# 39 ; s disease , alone or in combination with other agents for treating parkinson &# 39 ; s disease , and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them ; also disclosed are a processes for preparing intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula i . | 2 |
a biomedical testing sheet comprises : a substrate with calligraphy paper material , wherein the substrate comprises a wax pattern layer , which is a part of a surface of the substrate coated by a waxy material , and penetrated and diffused by the waxy material , and the wax pattern layer comprises one or more carrying units for carrying one or more droplets of liquids to be measured . the lotus effect substantially prevents diffusion of the liquids and reagents on the carrying units , and reduces the required amount of liquids to be measured and the amount of agent . | 6 |
a segmented roller clutch cage is comprised of loose jointed modules that combine good clutch race conformance with easy assembly , as well as allowing for selective module disassembly axial parting motion . each of a plurality of separately molded elements is joined to the next with identical male and female fasteners that fit together with a simple straight line push , along the cage axis . a slide and rail combination on one end of each module fits into matching grooves on the other end of each module . the grooves are created by undercut , radially opposed beam pairs , the radially outboard one of which is more flexible . a barb on the slide - rail unit is designed to snap or latch past the flexible beam . the slide and rail fit into the grooves with enough clearance to give freely expanding and contracting joints , so that between race conformance is very good . the joints may even be disassembled with a compound radial bending and axial parting motion . | 5 |
Fast shocks that form in optically thick media are mediated by Compton scattering and, if relativistic, pair creation. Since the radiation force acts primarily on electrons and positrons, the question arises of how the force is mediated to the ions which are the dominant carriers of the shock energy. It has been widely thought that a small charge separation induced by the radiation force generates an electric field inside the shock that decelerates the ions. In this paper we argue that, while this is true in subrelativistic shocks which are devoid of positrons, in relativistic radiation mediated shocks (RRMS), which are dominated by newly created e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> pairs, additional coupling is needed, owing to the opposite electric force acting on electrons and positrons. Specifically, we show that dissipation of the ions energy must involve collective plasma interactions. By constructing a multifluid model for RRMS that incorporates friction forces, we estimate that momentum transfer between electrons and positrons (and/or ions) via collective interactions on scales of tens to thousands of proton skin depths, depending on whether friction is effective only between e<SUP>+</SUP>e<SUP>-</SUP> pairs or also between pairs and ions, is sufficient to couple all particles and radiation inside the shock into a single fluid. This leaves open the question of whether in relativistic RMS particles can effectively accelerate to high energies by scattering off plasma turbulence. Such acceleration might have important consequences for relativistic shock breakout signals. | 9 |
a video disc player in which undesirable frequency variations in reproduced video and audio signals due to absence of the color burst signal during the vertical retrace time are eliminated . a first control unit actuates a tangential mirror driver unit in response to a phase difference produced by comparing a horizontal synchronizing signal from the reproduced video signal with a reference color subcarrier signal . the video signal is delayed by an electronically - controlled variable delay line the delay time of which is set on accordance with a phase difference between the color burst signal and a reference horizontal synchronizing signal . | 6 |
a pump assembly includes a pump housing including an inner surface , a pump inlet and an excess flow passage , a filter assembly including a spout extending into the housing , and an insert located within and secured to the housing , and including a first surface spaced from the inner surface and producing therebetween an annular nozzle communicating with said excess flow passage , the nozzle directing a first fluid stream exiting the excess flow passage toward a second fluid stream exiting the spout , the fluid streams flowing toward the pump inlet . | 5 |
the invention relates to a control device for regulating or controlling a servo - drive unit in a steering system of a vehicle . in order to determine the initial zero position of the steering shaft the value of at least one vehicle state variable is taken into consideration as an input signal , said variable not being a steering angle variable . the steering shaft is in the initial zero position if said vehicle state variable within a defined range of values . | 1 |
a method of displaying enhanced map information on a pnd , and a pnd capable of displaying such enhanced information is described . in accordance with the invention , the pnd determines its velocity and displays map information on a display screen thereof . the map information is continually and / or periodically refreshed to take account of the displacement of the device brought about by its velocity . the invention is characterized in that the extent to which the map information displayed is enhanced to include one or more enhanced features is dependent to some degree on the velocity of the pnd , said enhanced features being chosen from the group containing : building textures , digitized photographic images of building facades , landscapes , discrete areas of land and buildings , vistas , patterns representative of land use , street lights , electricity pylons , tram rails , train rails , zebra crossings and traffic signs , types of road surfaces or patterns indicative thereof , road markings , traffic lights , landmarks in the distance or digitized photographs thereof , cities in the distance or digitized photographs thereof , animated patterns , bicycle lanes , bus lanes , graphically or textually represented commercial , agricultural , tourist or traffic information , and enhanced poi icons . | 6 |
this invention encompasses compounds of formula i : ## str1 ## or the pharmaceutically acceptable non - toxic salts thereof wherein : ## str2 ## represents : ## str3 ## where n is 0 , 1 , or 2 ; r 1 and r 2 are hydrogen or straight or branched chain alkyl groups ; y represents various organic and inorganic substituents ; w represents an aromatic group substituted with various organic and inorganic substituents ; a is ch or n ; b is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon or n ; and e is hydrogen or straight or branched alkyl groups . these compounds are highly selective agonists , antagonists or inverse agonists for gabaa brain receptors or prodrugs thereof and are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety , sleep , and seizure disorders , overdose with benzodiazepine type drugs , and enhancement of alertness . | 2 |
The impact of 2-body scattering on the innermost density profiles of dark matter haloes is well established. We use a suite of cosmological simulations and idealized numerical experiments to show that 2-body scattering is exacerbated in situations where there are two species of unequal mass. This is a consequence of mass segregation and reflects a flow of kinetic energy from the more to less massive particles. This has important implications for the interpretation of galaxy sizes in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, which nearly always model stars with less massive particles than are used for the dark matter. We compare idealized models as well as simulations from the EAGLE project that differ only in the mass resolution of the dark matter component, but keep subgrid physics, baryonic mass resolution, and gravitational force softening fixed. If the dark matter particle mass exceeds the mass of stellar particles, then galaxy sizes - quantified by their projected half-mass radii, R<SUB>50</SUB> - increase systematically with time until R<SUB>50</SUB> exceeds a small fraction of the redshift-dependent mean interparticle separation, l (R_{50} β³ 0.05Γ l). Our conclusions should also apply to simulations that adopt different hydrodynamic solvers, subgrid physics, or adaptive softening, but in that case may need quantitative revision. Any simulation employing a stellar-to-dark matter particle mass ratio greater than unity will escalate spurious energy transfer from dark matter to baryons on small scales. | 9 |
a process for producing dyed spun cotton yarns having a reduced number of irregularities and increased luster is described . the process involves dyeing at least a portion of the cotton fibers which are to form the yarn , then combing the dyed fibers subsequent to the dyeing process . the dyed and combed fibers are then optionally blended with fibers having a visually distinct appearance , and spun into a yarn using conventional spinning methods . the resulting yarns having a dramatically reduced number of thick and thin places and improved yarn properties including improved luster and hand . furthermore , when the thus - dyed fibers are blended with differently - colored fibers prior to the combing operation , the resultant yarns match the visual colors of like - colored yarns produced by conventional processes , while the color is more intimately blended and the yarns have a markedly increased uniformity , luster and tenacity . as a result , fabrics produced from the yarns have a superior appearance with respect to color blend and luster , and the number of neps and irregularities are dramatically reduced with respect to those of conventionally - produced fabrics . | 3 |
We present the result of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) z ~ 6 quasar survey, using the combination of the IMS near-infrared images and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey optical images. The traditional color selection method results in 25 quasar candidates over 86 deg<SUP>2</SUP>. We introduce the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) with the high-redshift quasar and late-type star models to prioritize the candidates efficiently. Among the color-selected candidates, seven plausible candidates finally passed the AICc selection, of which three are known quasars at z ~ 6. The follow-up spectroscopic observations for the remaining four candidates were carried out, and we confirmed that two out of four are z ~ 6 quasars. With this complete sample, we revisited the quasar space density at z ~ 6 down to M <SUB>1450</SUB> ~ -23.5 mag. Our result supports the low quasar space density at the luminosity where the quasar's ultraviolet ionizing emissivity peaks, favoring a minor contribution of quasars to the cosmic reionization. | 9 |
Context. Studying the physical and chemical processes leading to the formation of low-mass stars is crucial for understanding the origin of our Sun and the Solar System. In particular, analyzing the emission and absorption lines from molecules to derive their spatial distribution in the envelopes of young stellar objects is a fundamental tool to obtain information on the kinematics and chemistry at the very early stages of star formation. <BR /> Aims: In this work we aim to examine in detail the spatial structures and molecular abundances of material surrounding the very well-known low-mass binary protostar IRAS 16293-2422 and the prestellar core 16293E, which are embedded in the Lynds 1689 N dark cloud. This analysis is performed to obtain information on the physical and chemical properties of these young objects and their interaction with the molecular outflows present across the region. <BR /> Methods: We have used the LAsMA heterodyne array installed on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 meter submillimeter telescope to image a region of about 0.12 Γ 0.12 pc<SUP>2</SUP> around IRAS 16293-2422 and 16293E and to study their molecular environment covering 45.6 GHz in a frequency range from 277 GHz to 375 GHz. We have also used the APEX FLASH+ receiver to observe and search for molecular lines in a frequency range between 476 GHz to 493 GHz. <BR /> Results: We have identified 144 transitions from 36 molecular species, including isotopologues. This is the first time that such a large number of species have been mapped at large scales simultaneously in this region. The maps reveal the envelope to have a complex morphology around the cloud cores and the emission peaks known as E1, E2, W1, W2, and HE2, including the outflow structure arising from IRAS 16293-2422. Using several transitions of para-H<SUB>2</SUB>CO, we have derived new lower limits for the kinetic temperatures toward IRAS 16293-2422 and the surrounding emission peaks. Based on these temperatures, new column densities for all detected species were derived around the cloud cores and all emission peaks using the radiative transfer codes CLASS-Weeds, CASSIS, and RADEX. We derived H<SUB>2</SUB> volume densities in Lynds 1689 N based on ortho-H<SUB>2</SUB>CO transitions with different upper level energies, varying between 5 Γ 10<SUP>6</SUP> cm<SUP>β3</SUP> and 63 K at IRAS 16293-2422 to values on the order of 1 Γ 10<SUP>6</SUP> cm<SUP>β3</SUP> and 35 K at the other emission peaks. <BR /> Conclusions: Our new observations further confirm the scenario of an outflow arising from IRAS 16293-2422 interacting with the prestellar core 16293E. This is inferred from the velocity and linewidth gradient shown by several deuterated species closer to the outflow-core interaction region in 16293E. We observe a large-scale velocity gradient across the molecular cloud which coincides with the rotation of the envelope around IRAS 16293-2422 reported previously in the literature. A comparison with JCMT SCUBA-2 450 ΞΌm dust continuum maps and our data suggests that emission peak W2 may be related to a colder dust source rather than a shocked region. The newly derived column densities and temperatures for different species, combined with the molecular spatial distribution in all sources, indicate clear chemical differences between the protostellar source, the prestellar core and the shocked positions as a result of the diverse physical conditions at different locations in this region. <P />All integrated intensity maps shown here (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A143">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A143</A> | 9 |
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