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it is possible in a simple manner , especially in distributor injection pumps , to attain quiet combustion in the idling range of a diesel engine , without modifying the basic construction of the fuel injection pump by shifting the injection pumping to the last portion of the stroke of the cam driving the pump piston of the fuel injection pump for idling , by means of an injection onset adjusting device , in combination with a determination of injection duration via the closing phase of an electrically controlled valve that relieves the pump work chamber . | 5 |
a method of easily detecting a predetermined star pattern by directing imng means in the general direction of the pattern desired to be detected and imaging the star pattern onto a matched filter of a correlator to produce and output that is used to signal a computer to enable the computer to calculate the location of the predetermined star pattern in the field of view . | 6 |
a self - mountable , self - contained and encapsulated rectifier assembly operative to provide a high d . c . voltage at low current while minimizing arcing , corona and other disruptive electrical phenomena . | 7 |
a rhythm indicating exercising device in the form of a generally tubular member having a preferably metallic mass or slug disposed freely slidable in the interior of the tubular member , each end of the tubular member being provided with an elastic , resilient end closure preventing the mass or slug from escaping from the tubular member . in use , one tubular member is grasped in one hand or , preferably , a pair of tubular members are held one in each hand of a person while walking and more particularly while engaged in aggressive exercise walking , that is while walking at a fast pace with extensive swinging of the arms back and forth . at the end of each forward and backward stroke of the arm , the mass or slug is forcibly propelled by inertia within the tubular member and caused to strike the corresponding end closure , thus producing a muted impact knocking sound helping the walker to maintain an effective rhythm and providing beneficial advantages in indicating proper exercising of the arms in addition to the legs . | 0 |
a system for transmitting modern signals across a packet network with improved resistance to bursty network packet loss that includes a first and a second processor , which connect a first and second v . 32 and above modem to a first and a second side of the packet network and which provide a modified v . 42 error correction using a link access procedure for modems . the first and second processors provide a local interface to the v . 32 and above moderns , demodulate a first and second data stream from the corresponding v . 32 modems into bits , packetize the bits for transport over the packet network according to an internet protocol , and remodulate data streams received from a remote end . the modified v . 42 error correction includes a staggered redundancy of packet data , in which the staggered redundancy attaches data from a packet n 1 to a subsequent packet n l , where l & gt ; 2 . | 7 |
We present a measurement of the Hubble constant (H<SUB>0</SUB>) and other cosmological parameters from a joint analysis of six gravitationally lensed quasars with measured time delays. All lenses except the first are analysed blindly with respect to the cosmological parameters. In a flat Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, we find $H_{0} = 73.3_{-1.8}^{+1.7}~\mathrm{km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}}$ , a $2.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ precision measurement, in agreement with local measurements of H<SUB>0</SUB> from type Ia supernovae calibrated by the distance ladder, but in 3.1σ tension with Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). This method is completely independent of both the supernovae and CMB analyses. A combination of time-delay cosmography and the distance ladder results is in 5.3σ tension with Planck CMB determinations of H<SUB>0</SUB> in flat ΛCDM. We compute Bayes factors to verify that all lenses give statistically consistent results, showing that we are not underestimating our uncertainties and are able to control our systematics. We explore extensions to flat ΛCDM using constraints from time-delay cosmography alone, as well as combinations with other cosmological probes, including CMB observations from Planck, baryon acoustic oscillations, and type Ia supernovae. Time-delay cosmography improves the precision of the other probes, demonstrating the strong complementarity. Allowing for spatial curvature does not resolve the tension with Planck. Using the distance constraints from time-delay cosmography to anchor the type Ia supernova distance scale, we reduce the sensitivity of our H<SUB>0</SUB> inference to cosmological model assumptions. For six different cosmological models, our combined inference on H<SUB>0</SUB> ranges from ∼73 to 78 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>, which is consistent with the local distance ladder constraints. | 9 |
a light emitting device package including light emitting devices , and optical lenses respectively disposed over the light emitting devices . further , a respective optical lens includes an extending member extending from a body of the respective optical lens , and including a first portion laterally extending in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the respective light emitting device , and a second portion extending towards the substrate in a second direction substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device . a vertical cross section of the second portion is substantially symmetrical with respect to an axis that is spaced apart in the first direction from and substantially parallel with the central axis of the respective light emitting device . | 7 |
certain parameters in a high speed order change in a corrugator , including a small gap between orders and the relative lengths of the old and new order sheets , require altered order change and discharge routines on the downstacker conveyor system in order to prevent edge butt between the last sheet of the old order and the first sheet of the new order . alternate order change and order discharge routines , which are automatically implemented by the downstacker system controller , include accelerated movement of the old order shingle out of the downstacker vacuum conveyor to outrun the incoming first sheet of the new order or , alternately , allowing the first sheet of the new order to overrun the tail end of the old order and utilizing , if necessary , a device to divert the lead edge of the first new order sheet upwardly to allow the shingle to be reestablished . | 1 |
We present a revised and extended version of the analytical model for cosmic star formation originally given by Hernquist and Springel in 2003. The key assumption of this formalism is that star formation proceeds from cold gas, at a rate that is limited by an internal consumption time-scale at early times, or by the rate of generation of gas via cooling at late times. These processes are analysed as a function of the mass of dark matter haloes and integrated over the halo population. We modify this approach in two main ways to make it more general: (1) halo collapse times are included explicitly, so that the behaviour is physically reasonable at late times; (2) allowance is made for a mass-dependent baryon fraction in haloes, which incorporates feedback effects. This model reproduces the main features of the observed baryonic Tully-Fisher relationship, and is consistent with observational estimates of the baryon mass fraction in the intergalactic medium. With minimal adjustment of parameters, our approach reproduces the observed history of cosmic star formation within a factor of 2 over the redshift range of 0 < z < 10. This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved by state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. Our simplified apparatus has pedagogical value in illuminating the results of such detailed calculations, and also serves as a means for rapid approximate exploration of non-standard cosmological models. | 9 |
this invention relates to a system and method for placing event related information into a video broadcasting so that the added information does not interfere with or obscure the primary action of interest in the broadcast . the disclosed information could be implemented by using instructions from an event information gathering system to trigger the display of one of an appropriate set of pre - rendered animations in the broadcast video via a well known live video insertion system . the disclosed invention envisages the animation sequence having at least two parts , namely a core or base sequence which is always used , and a mid or a variable sequence which is changed according to the actual data that needs to be displayed . the live video insertion system data and processing may be used to perform occlusion , and / or tracking to either make the event information display look as if it is part of the scene , or merely to occlude the display when event action would otherwise be obscured , or to turn off or reposition , or resize the display when event action otherwise be obscured . | 7 |
a security box inter alia for tools has a metal box and a lid of the swing and slide type utilizing a pair of box hinges fixed to the box and a pair of lid hinges fixed to the lid , and a pair of intermediate hinges connected to both sets of hinges by links which make all the hinges parallel and enabling the door hinge to lie outside the plane of the door opening . in a variant , there is no intermediate hinge and the lid opening angle is less . the lid and box have interengaging profiled edges which in the closed position mutually obstruct but , when the lid slides to the open position , the profiles separate and the lid is free to swing open . | 8 |
the disclosed invention provides a tractor cabin and a manufacturing method therefor . a main transparent plate and side transparent plates are caused to adhere to one another or otherwise become an integral whole , by a substantially transparent filling material , to constitute a gate - shaped front face of the cabin . | 1 |
axionCAMB is a modified version of the publicly available code <A href="http://ascl.net/1102.026">CAMB</A> (ascl:1102.026). axionCAMB computes cosmological observables for comparison with data. This is normally the CMB power spectra (T,E,B,\phi in auto and cross power), but also includes the matter power spectrum. | 9 |
the present invention is directed to a plate - and - frame type membrane module inserted durable balls using vortex flow , and the membrane module can reduce concentration polarization , cake or gel layer and membrane fouling which generally occur in processes using plate - and - frame type membrane . thus , the use of a membrane module according to the present invention can prolong the period for cleaning of a membrane module and the exchange period of a membrane module , as well as maximize a passing amount without decreasing a quality of permeate . | 1 |
an overvoltage protection element with a housing , an overvoltage - limiting component arranged in the housing , and with two connection elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to the current or signal path to be protected , wherein , normally , the connection elements are each in electrical contact with a pole of the overvoltage - limiting component . reliable and effective electrical connection in the normal state and reliable isolation of a defective overvoltage - limiting component are ensured by the fact that a thermally expandable material is arranged within the housing in a way that , in the event of thermal overloading of the overvoltage - limiting component , the position of the overvoltage - limiting component is changed by expansion of the thermally expandable material relative to the position of the connection elements in a way that causes at least one pole of the overvoltage - limiting component to be out of electrical contact with the corresponding connection element . | 7 |
the present invention relates to an electroluminescent element comprising at least a substrate , an electrode formed on the substrate and an electric light emitting layer and to a display using this element as pixel unit . the object of the present invention is to provide a display without property deterioration due to heating of the el layer or remaining of the solvent , and is practical though the thickness of the film is uneven . a display comprising the electroluminescent element , wherein the light emitting region is changed by the applied voltage , as a pixel unit wherein the display is driven by a digital gradation driving method in which a low voltage value at which the pixel dose not emit light is a non - selected state , and a high voltage value at which the light emitting region within the pixel is saturated is a selected state . by using the present invention , though the film thickness is not even , a practical display with excellent gradation control property can be provided . | 7 |
in association with a polyphase rectifying bridge having controlled rectifiers there is employed , in addition to the normal means for controlling the firing time of the controlled rectifiers , additional circuitry for preventing the occurrence of a commutation fault . this is achieved by first producing a timing signal representative of the time intervals during which a commutation between successively fired controlled rectifiers of the bridge actually exist . this timing signal , after being properly shaped is combined with a basic reference signal representative of a predetermined value to which the rectifiers may be phased back in their firing angle without resulting in a commutation failure . stated in another way , the width of the existing commutation period serves to set a minimum to which the next commutation period must conform . when the prescribed relationships exist between the timing signal and the basic reference signal , the normal control means is overriden and the firing angle of the controlled rectifier is advanced to a point which will insure commutation . | 7 |
a binary power generation device is equipped with the flow path of a medium circulating through a heat exchanger , a turbine , a condenser , and a pump . a method for removing air that has intruded into the flow path of the medium includes : an air intrusion detection step of calculating , based on the pressure and temperature of a gas retaining portion communicatively connected to the flow path of the medium , a pressure threshold value obtained by adding the saturated vapor pressure of the medium and a margin value and of detecting , by comparing the pressure of a gas phase portion with the pressure threshold value , that air has intruded into the medium ; a medium liquefaction step of producing a gas by pressurizing a mixed gas of the medium and air to reduce the amount of the medium in the mixed gas ; and an exhaust step of exhausting the gas . | 5 |
a selectible beam / plane projecting laser is particularly useful for vehicle frame and body alignment . a lens contained in a holder mechanism mounted on a laser projector housing flips into and out of the laser beam path and when in the path , changes the beam to a plane . when used for vehicle frame and body alignment , the plane of the laser generated light allows the operator to spot targets any place in the plane of light and makes easier determination of alignment conditions . | 6 |
a method for use in advertising includes initiating playing of interactive content , suspending playing of the interactive content , displaying an advertisement , and resuming playing of the interactive content . a computer program product includes a medium embodying a computer program for causing a computer to perform these operations , and a system for use in advertising includes a display and a processing system configured to perform these operations . | 6 |
a motor vehicle is provided with a power train having primary and auxiliary internal combustion engines which selectively feed power to a jackshaft . the power accumulated in the jackshaft is conveyed to a speed change transmission . fuel economy is achieved by utilizing only one engine when lesser power is needed by the vehicle . | 1 |
an open brayton cycle power generation system is enabled and improved by integration of an energy storage system utilizing cryogenic storage of atmospheric gas . a particular improved system is an open brayton cycle power generation system in which the heating source is concentrating solar power . multiple embodiments are described which permit various modes of operation and improved overall efficiency . | 5 |
the technique allows precise angle - of - arrival and radio frequency measurements on non - cooperative radar signals , by exploiting precise phase measurement capabilities of frequency measurement receivers . it is assumed that the intercept receivers with this capability are on board an aircraft and there are at least two antennas available . by utilizing the phase measurements , the incident frequency and incident phase angle are calculated using formulae derived under the disclosed technique . by taking multiple samples and averaging , angle measurement errors can be reduced . | 6 |
the invention comprises a salad sandwich and method of making the same where the salad sandwich is made of a baked edible shell that is open at one end and contains a tear - away bag which is filled with an appropriate sandwich fill . the tear - away bag keeps the sandwich fill fresh and prevents the sandwich fill from transferring moisture to the shell . the tear - away bag has a tear - away mechanism which , just before the salad sandwich is eaten , allows the bag to be removed in one step without removing the sandwich fill from the confines of the shell . | 1 |
the present invention relates to an external door handle that comprises a bracket - shaped handle comprising a cavity which is defined by at least one u - shaped shell and which is intended for receiving electronic components . the purpose of the present invention is to prevent the formation of a contact joint on the visible side that would promote soil formation . to this end , the shell or shells are coated with a c - shaped front profile on the visible side , wherin the ends of the c - shape profile are brougbt into contact with the upper or lower portions of said shell or at the pile where they are anchored . | 8 |
the filter of the present invention continually provides the passenger compartment of a vehicle with a supply of purified air , even in the most severe environmental conditions . the filter comprises an inlet surface , an outlet surface , walls which define a plurality of passages which extend from the inlet surface to the outlet surface , and a filtration means for removing the impurities from the fluid . the filter preferably can be subdivided into a plurality of layers , including an inlet layer , an intermediate layer , an outlet layer . each layer includes a plurality of cells , the cells having walls with a generally curvilinear shape . a plurality of the passages are preferably in fluid communication with a plurality of other passages . surface filtration is used to remove the impurities from the fluid flowing through the passages . the impurities are retained within the filtration means which are disposed on the walls , as the fluid flows through the passages essentially unrestricted even when the removing means is saturated with impurities . | 8 |
Changes in limiting factors for forager population dynamics in Europe across the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition Alejandro Ordonez & Felix Riede Population dynamics set the framework for human genetic and cultural evolution. For foragers, demographic and environmental changes correlate strongly, although the causal relations between different environmental variables and human responses through time and space likely varied. Building on the notion of limiting factors, namely that at any one time, the scarcest resource caps population size, we present a statistical approach to identify the dominant climatic constraints for hunter-gatherer population densities and then hindcast their changing dynamics in Europe for the period between 21,000 to 8000 years ago. In this repository, you will find all the code and data necessary to reproduce the analyses and figures in our study. | 9 |
the invention relates to methods and products for the identification of a clinically significant immune response in subjects treated with a therapeutic protein . aspects of the invention relate to methods and compositions for identifying a clinically significant immune response in patients treated with therapeutic amounts of a vla4 binding antibody . a second aspect of the invention concerns the chronological details of sample collection for determining the titre of antibodies against the therapeutic protein , e . g . the collection of at least two samples at two different time points . a third aspect of the invention relates to the selection of the critical threshold level , which corresponds to the antibody titre of untreated patients increased by the double of the standard deviation of this control antibody titre . | 6 |
We report on the observation of two neutrino-induced events which have an estimated deposited energy in the IceCube detector of 1.04±0.16 and 1.14±0.17PeV, respectively, the highest neutrino energies observed so far. These events are consistent with fully contained particle showers induced by neutral-current ν<SUB>e,μ,τ</SUB> (ν¯<SUB>e,μ,τ</SUB>) or charged-current ν<SUB>e</SUB> (ν¯<SUB>e</SUB>) interactions within the IceCube detector. The events were discovered in a search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos using data corresponding to 615.9 days effective live time. The expected number of atmospheric background is 0.082±0.004(stat)<SUB>-0.057</SUB><SUP>+0.041</SUP>(syst). The probability of observing two or more candidate events under the atmospheric background-only hypothesis is 2.9×10<SUP>-3</SUP> (2.8σ) taking into account the uncertainty on the expected number of background events. These two events could be a first indication of an astrophysical neutrino flux; the moderate significance, however, does not permit a definitive conclusion at this time. | 9 |
a method and system for allowing a user to retrieve a user interface and a visual style from a local or remote storage unit , rapidly display the visual stylized user interface , and dynamically switch between visual styles , without comprising security over a network system . once displayed , the user can customize or configure the visual style of the user interface . the invention includes a programmable graphics user interface . the pgui is initialized to a default visual style or to a user &# 39 ; s preferred style when the user logs onto a network system . in the preferred embodiment , after proper login , a user interface , stored on a server as a description in a text - based user interface language , is transferred to user &# 39 ; s client system . the pgui parses the uil description and creates the user interface controls defined in the description . the pgui then uses the currently selected visual style to display the user interface , and then reads any content for the interface . the pgui displays the content within the user interface , such as in a scrollable area or any other area described by the uil . once the user interface is displayed , the user can change the user interface , save the user interface , change the contents , save the contents , or switch visual styles . compound or complex user interfaces can be easily created by combining simple user interface components . | 6 |
Release for the Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science (TAI4ES) Summer School 2022 | 9 |
a pixel structure includes a backup thin film transistor with a float gate electrode or a float drain electrode and a working thin film transistor . when the pixel of the working thin film transistor does not work , the backup thin film transistor replaces the working thin film transistor to drive the pixel . the method of repairing the pixel is to cut off the connection between the drain electrode of the working thin film transistor and the pixel electrode , and then to connect the gate electrode or the drain electrode of the backup thin film transistor to the gate electrode or the drain electrode of the working thin film transistor , such that the backup thin film transistor can replace the working thin film transistor to drive the pixel electrode . | 7 |
Building upon original package developed by Tim Poisot, I added the quantitative forms of calculating betadiversity, and a second decomposition of betadiversity in richness and turnover components. | 9 |
in some embodiments , a locking device for an operating mechanism of a gas insulated switchgear , capable of locking or unlocking operations of an operating mechanism of disconnecting switches and earthing switches of the gas insulated switchgear . | 7 |
a method for reducing postprandial oxidative stress and associated pathologies by the dietary intake of cocoa procyanidins , such as epicatechin is disclosed . | 8 |
Correlations between intrinsic properties of gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves provide clues to the nature of the central engine, the jet, and a possible means to standardize GRBs for cosmological use. Here, we report on the discovery of a correlation between the intrinsic early-time luminosity, L<SUB>G,10 s</SUB>, measured at rest frame 10 s, and the average decay rate measured from rest frame 10 s onward, $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$, in a sample of 13 Fermi Large Area Telescope long GRB light curves. We note that our selection criteria, in particular the requirement for a redshift to construct luminosity light curves, naturally limits our sample to energetic GRBs. A Spearman's rank correlation gives a coefficient of -0.74, corresponding to a confidence level of 99.6 per cent, indicating that brighter afterglows decay faster than less luminous ones. Assuming a linear relation with log(L<SUB>G,10s</SUB>), we find $\alpha _{\mathrm{G,avg\gt 10\, s}}$$= -0.31_{-0.09}^{+0.12}\log ($L<SUB>G,10s</SUB>$) + 14.43_{-5.97}^{+4.55}$. The slope of -0.31 is consistent at 1σ with previously identified correlations in the optical/ultraviolet and X-ray light curves. We speculate that differences in the rate at which energy is released by the central engine or differences in observer viewing angle may be responsible for the correlation. | 9 |
a computer readable medium having a computer program product stored thereon , the computer program product including instructions for ordering a computer to perform the following steps . the steps include a first receiving step of receiving a facsimile command from a client device configured to executes a facsimile application program , a first determining step of determining whether or not to allow communication with a facsimile device based on a predetermined condition when receiving the facsimile command at the first receiving step , and a transferring step of transferring the facsimile command received at the first receiving step to the facsimile device when the communication is allowed at the first determining step . | 7 |
a dispensing cap is provided for a container and includes a body portion having a formed sliding track thereon . an opening is provided in the body for providing access through the body . a retention slot is formed adjacent the sliding track . a slider is moveably positioned within the sliding track for selectively opening and closing the body opening . a frangible tab is initially formed as part of the slider and engaged within the retention slot to fix the position of the slider within the sliding track . removal of the frangible tab permits the slider to move relative to the body opening . the cap is formed by an injection molding process , in conjunction with an in - mold assembly of the slider . | 8 |
Context. The radius of an exoplanet is one of its most important parameters. Studies of planetary interiors and their evolution require 1% precision in the radius determination. Transiting exoplanets offer a unique oppurtunity to measure the radius of exoplanets in stellar units. These radius measurements and their precision are strongly affected by our knowledge of limb darkening. <BR /> Aims: We study how the precision of the exoplanet radius determination is affected by our present knowledge of limb darkening in two cases: when we fix the limb darkening coefficients and when we adjust them. We also investigate the effects of spots in one-colour photometry. <BR /> Methods: We study the effect of limb darkening on the planetary radius determination both via analytical expressions and by numerical experiments. We also compare some of the existing limb darkening tables. When stellar spots affect the fit, we replace the limb darkening coefficients, calculated for the unspotted cases, with effective limb darkening coefficients to describe the effect of the spots. <BR /> Results: There are two important cases. (1) When one fixes the limb darkening values according to some theoretical predictions, the inconsistencies of the tables do not allow us to reach accuracy in the planetary radius of better than 1-10% (depending on the impact parameter) if the host star's surface effective temperature is higher than 5000 K. Below 5000 K the radius ratio determination may contain even 20% error. (2) When one allows adjustment of the limb darkening coefficients, the a/R<SUB>s</SUB> ratio, the planet-to-stellar radius ratio, and the impact parameter can be determined with sufficient accuracy (<1%), if the signal-to-noise ratio is high enough. However, the presence of stellar spots and faculae can destroy the agreement between the limb darkening tables and the fitted limb darkening coefficients, but this does not affect the precision of the planet radius determination. We also find that it is necessary to fit the contamination factor, too. <BR /> Conclusions: We conclude that the present inconsistencies of theoretical stellar limb darkening tables suggests one should not fix the limb darkening coefficients. When one allows them to be adjusted, then the planet radius, impact parameter, and the a/R<SUB>s</SUB> can be obtained with the required precision. | 9 |
a process for pretreating biological feedstocks for hydroconversion in a fixed - bed reactor . a feed stream having free fatty acids , fatty acid esters , or combinations thereof is contacted with a citric acid solution . the biological feedstock is separated from the aqueous solution to efficiently produce a pretreated biological feedstock substantially absent of metals and phosphorus . | 8 |
a heavy - duty flat wiper blade assembly has a wiper element and an extruded metallic frame . the frame has a bottom channel with a slot traversing its length in which the wiper element is maintained . the wiper element extends through the slot and outwardly from the bottom channel to make contact with a surface to be wiped . the frame has a closed upper channel that may include a fluid inlet opening for receiving wiper fluid into the channel and a fluid outlet opening for discharging the wiper fluid from the upper channel onto a surface to be wiped . | 8 |
n - heterocyclic functionalized polymers and methods of use in fuel cells . phenoxy - substituted polyphosphazenes and phosphazene trimers functionalized with azoles can provide polymer electrolyte membranes with high thermal stability coupled with a large number of proton binding sites per monomer unit . | 2 |
there is provided nucleic acids for use in treating or preventing bone loss in a patient . also there is provided a method for reducing the levels of endogenous mir - 138 in a cell . | 2 |
Gravitational backgrounds, such as black holes, AdS, de Sitter and inflationary universes, should be viewed as composite of N soft constituent gravitons. It then follows that such systems are close to quantum criticality of graviton Bose-gas to Bose-liquid transition. Generic properties of the ordinary metric description, including geodesic motion or particle-creation in the background metric, emerge as the large-N limit of quantum scattering of constituent longitudinal gravitons. We show that this picture correctly accounts for physics of large and small black holes in AdS, as well as reproduces well-known inflationary predictions for cosmological parameters. However, it anticipates new effects not captured by the standard semi-classical treatment. In particular, we predict observable corrections that are sensitive to the inflationary history way beyond last 60 e-foldings. We derive an absolute upper bound on the number of e-foldings, beyond which neither de Sitter nor inflationary Universe can be approximated by a semi-classical metric. However, they could in principle persist in a new type of quantum eternity state. We discuss implications of this phenomenon for the cosmological constant problem. | 9 |
disclosed are pyridazine derivatives represented by formula i or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof , pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds , methods of treating and / or preventing diseases or disorders associated with viral infections in patients using the compounds , and the use of the compounds in preparing the medicaments for treating and / or preventing diseases or disorders associated with viral infections . the compounds represented by formula i have antiviral activity , especially anti - microrna viral activity . symbols in the compounds represented are described in the specification . | 2 |
novel polyimides have been prepared from the reaction of aromatic diahydrides with novel aromatic diamines having carbonyl and ether groups connecting aromatic rings containing pendant methyl groups . the methyl substituent polyimides exhibit good solubility and form tough , strong films . upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation and / or heat , the methyl substituted polyimides crosslink to become insoluble . | 2 |
the present invention is an access control system such as a telephone entry system wherein tenant codes are selectively displayed and therefore , tenant codes that are not selected for display are not listed in a system tenant code directory . tenants may control who knows that they live in the building and , therefore , control who can get in touch with them . thus , tenants may avoid having their name displayed on the access control system . tenants still may have a unique number in the index without having their name displayed , keeping their name unlisted . | 7 |
a dished head header assembly for a heat exchanger having a containment body that includes a rounded , or dished , wall portion forming an interior cavity . a flange attaches to the containment body and fastens the header assembly to the heat exchanger . a plurality of refrigerant passageways are extended through an opening in the containment body into the interior cavity . at least one baffle is attached to the rounded wall portion . the baffle divides the interior cavity into a plurality of sub - cavities . at least one divider divides the sub - cavities into a plurality of chambers . the plurality of passageways includes an inlet connection and an outlet connection for a plurality of refrigerant circuits . each passageway is disposed in a corresponding chamber of the plurality of chambers . extensions into the headers with diffusers insure efficient operation and performance of the heat exchanger . the adjustable flow restrictor plate maintains optimum velocities to further enhance performance . | 5 |
an electrode for fixed - frequency particle accelerators geometrically compensating for relativistic mass increase by placing the acceleration gap at the location of the particle at each peak of the accelerating electric field . | 7 |
a separation housing houses a rotor with multiple suspension chambers . each chamber has a radially extending web portion between two rotating discs . an orifice is provided through the radially extending web portion . another web portion urges gas radially out of the rotor . passages through the rotating disks permit entry of gas and solid particle mixtures into the suspension chambers at high speed traveling toward each other in a suspension adjacent to the orifice . the web portion that urges gas out of the chamber pulls gas away from the suspension zone . gas moving through the aperture and into a clean gas chamber pulls gas in the opposite direction . the result is gas in the suspension zone being fixed relative to the rotor or changing direction . centrifugal force moves solid particles radially out of the chamber . | 1 |
a wavelength conversion device comprising a plurality of regions . each region for absorbing radiant energy and emitting light having a characteristic dependent upon which region of the device emits the light . | 7 |
provided is a combined umbilical cord clamp , cutter , disinfectant , and data collecting system which reduces the risk of cord infections due to unsanitary birth conditions . also provided is an identification system which aids in the collection of birth statistics . | 0 |
a cultivating tool comprises a housing , an electric motor mounted within the housing , a pair of soil working members which project from the housing , an elongate shaft connected at one end to the housing , and a handle at the other end of the shaft . the soil working members are of generally lamellar construction and arranged to be reciprocated relative to one another transverse to the direction from which they project from the housing and in adjacent parallel planes . the tool handle incorporates a switch with a lock off mechanism . in normal use of the tool the soil working members penetrate into soil to be cultivated and disturb the soil . | 0 |
the meta tetramethylxylenediisocyanate - based polyether urethane acrylate oligomer reduces the viscosities of polymerizable formulations , as compared to other isocyanate - based oligomers , significantly enhances adhesion to certain substrates , and imparts increased elongation - to - break valves to cured products produced therefrom . | 2 |
an ignition chamber unit to be arranged on a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has walls forming a separate ignition chamber having a first wall which separates the ignition chamber from the main combustion chamber and has at least one passage arranged in the first wall to connect the ignition chamber with the combustion chamber , a center electrode provided in the ignition chamber and forming together with the first wall a spark gap and also having a free end which extends into the ignition chamber , wherein the electrode is hollow near the free end and is formed as a heat pipe , and an insulator with an insulator shoe which extends into the ignition chamber and supports the center electrode so that the insulator together with the insulator shoe forms an insulating gap . | 5 |
an arc discharge metal halide lamp for use in selected lighting fixtures having a discharge chamber with light permeable ceramic walls of a selected shape about a discharge region of a selected volume . a pair of electrodes are supported in the discharge region separated from one another by a separation length . the separation length is in a ratio to the effective inner diameter that is greater than four . ionizable materials are provided in the discharge region comprising a quantity of mercury in a ratio to the discharge region volume that is less than 4 mg / cm 3 , a noble gas , praseodymium halide , and sodium halide . | 7 |
a strake , or strakes , or faired simulation of same , mounted on a typical engine nacelle or similar wing mounted body to reduce or prevent the formation of vortices usually occurring with nacelle - wing combinations to improve the lift and drag characteristics of the combination and improve the stability of the aircraft since the undesireable variations of downwash changes over the tail surfaces are reduced or eliminated . | 1 |
a bone fixation device and method for compressing bone or bone fragments temporarily or permanently using a tension strip to surround the exterior surface of the bone or bone fragments and applying a force to the tension strip wherein the bone or bone fragments are compressed together . bone or bone fragments are able to heal more quickly when compressed under super natural pressure . the temporary tension strips may be made of bioresorbable polymer and a radiopaque dopent so that the tension strip is visible under fluoroscopic observation . | 0 |
a leaf type indicating device provided with a synchronizing piece made of a spring material , rotatably mounted on a main shaft and having a side portion engageable with a lug formed on one leaf belonging to a first indicating leaf group having a large number of turns per unit time , a bent portion engageable with at least one leaf belonging to a second indicating leaf group arranged adjacently to the first indicating leaf group and having a small number of turns per unit time and an end portion inserted in a hole formed in a body frame and connected with the body frame in order to make the manufacture at a low cost possible . | 6 |
the present invention provides a reading or writing method and apparatus thereof for reading data on a medium or writing data thereon by reciprocatively driving a reading / writing head over the medium . the method comprises driving the head forward at a predetermined speed at all times , and returning the head at a predetermined maximum speed when the reading or writing length is at a maximum , or at a speed lower than the maximum speed when the reading or writing length is shorter than the maximum so as to complete the reciprocation of the head within the same period as when the reading or writing length is the maximum . | 7 |
The discovery of new clear windows in the Galactic plane using the VVV near-IR extinction maps allows the study of the structure of the Milky Way (MW) disk. The ultimate goal of this work is to map the spiral arms in the far side of the MW, which is a relatively unexplored region of our Galaxy, using red clump (RC) giants as distance indicators. We search for near-IR clear windows located at low Galactic latitudes ( $|b|< 1$ deg) in the MW disk using the VVV near-IR extinction maps. We have identified two new windows named VVV WIN 1607-5258 and VVV WIN 1475-5877, respectively, that complement the previously known window VVV WIN 1713-3939. We analyse the distribution of RC stars in these three clear near-IR windows and measure their number density along the line of sight. This allows us to find overdensities in the distribution and measure their distances along the line of sight. We then use the VVV proper motions in order to measure the kinematics of the RC stars at different distances. We find enhancements in the distance distribution of RC giants in all the studied windows, interpreting them as the presence of spiral arms in the MW disk. These structures are absent in the current models of synthetic population for the same MW lines of sight. We were able to trace the end of the Galactic bar, the Norma arm, as well as the Scutum-Centaurus arm in the far disk. Using the VVV proper motions, we measure the kinematics for these Galactic features, confirming that they share the bulk rotation of the Galactic disk. | 9 |
a twisted stem helical internal abrading and finishing tool is formed from abrasive containing plastic strips having transverse offset slits along the lateral edges and a longitudinal middle unslit portion . the strips may be stacked with the longitudinal middle unslit portions aligned with the longitudinal axis of a cotter pin , one end of the stack being placed in the bight of the cotter pin . the cotter pin is twisted about its longitudinal axis to form a helical twisted stem from which the slit lateral side or edges extend forming rectangular abrasive fingers uniformly helically arranged . the end of the cotter pin opposite the bight may be inserted into the chuck of a drilling or turning machine to hold and rotate the tool about the axis of the stem . | 1 |
a method and apparatus is disclosed where a musical system is integrated with an outdoor seating apparatus , such that a user may rest comfortably while listening to music . the musical system is designed to withstand outdoor weather conditions . the musical system , typically a radio , is integrated with the backrest portion of the seating apparatus . the radio is designed to function in both extreme hot and cold temperatures . the radio also features rca inputs , so that external signal inputs may be played on the radio &# 39 ; s speakers . a cellular modem and interface is present so that a computer can connect to the internet . an adapter is also present so a cell phone can connect to the radio , and use the radio &# 39 ; s speakers . the speakers can be magnetic coil based , or may use flat panel speaker technology . | 7 |
methods for determining the quality of a biomolecular microarray to determine suitability of the microarray for performing specific binding reactions , such as hybridization , are provided . methods are based on staining a microarray with a solution of detectable nanoparticles that reversibly stain the biomolecules through an electrostatic interaction to select microarrays that meet quality standards for hybridization reactions . a gold nanoparticle solution based staining method for dna microarrays is provided . destaining methods allowing multiple rounds of hybridization of nanogold stained microarrays are provided . microarrays selected by methods of the invention are provided . | 2 |
The Double Pulsar (PSR J0737-3039) is the only neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) binary in which both NSs have been detectable as radio pulsars. The Double Pulsar has been assumed to dominate the Galactic NS-NS binary merger rate R_g among all known systems, solely based on the properties of the first-born, recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-3039A, or A) with an assumption for the beaming correction factor of 6. In this work, we carefully correct observational biases for the second-born, non-recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-0737B, or B) and estimate the contribution from the Double Pulsar on R_g using constraints available from both A and B. Observational constraints from the B pulsar favour a small beaming correction factor for A (∼2), which is consistent with a bipolar model. Considering known NS-NS binaries with the best observational constraints, including both A and B, we obtain R_g=21_{-14}^{+28} Myr<SUP>-1</SUP> at 95 per cent confidence from our reference model. We expect the detection rate of gravitational waves from NS-NS inspirals for the advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors is to be 8^{+10}_{-5} yr<SUP>-1</SUP> at 95 per cent confidence. Within several years, gravitational-wave detections relevant to NS-NS inspirals will provide us useful information to improve pulsar population models. | 9 |
a hopper device has an insulating hopper member . a first electrode is mounted in the inner side of the hopper member in a lowermost portion thereof , and at least one second electrode is mounted in the inner side of the hopper member in a portion thereof at a higher level than the first electrode . when coins having conductivity are collected in the hopper member until their level reaches the second electrode , the first and second electrodes are electrically coupled together by the coins , whereby an electric signal representing the amount of collected coins is generated . | 6 |
a large - capacity paper feeding apparatus comprising a main unit which is to be mounted on one side of an image forming apparatus , is movable on a floor and is configured to feed paper sheets to the image forming apparatus , a caster which is provided at a bottom of the main unit and is to contact the floor to allow the main unit to move smoothly on the floor , and a mounting device which is moved to a first position to make the caster contact the floor and to a second position to retract the caster upward from the first position . | 1 |
a biocide containing laminate for use in the construction of a wide variety of products . a preferred product is a pouch or other container for forming an envelope protectively packaging a product such as a flowable or solid food substance . the pouch is fabricated from a paper - plastic laminate sheeting whose plies have different properties that depend on package requirements , at least one ply in the laminate being an oriented , synthetic plastic film of high tensile strength . the plies are adhesively laminated at ambient temperature with a water - based adhesive whereby the orientation of the film is unaffected by the laminating process , in the course of which no environmentally objectionable fumes are discharged into the atmosphere . the biocide is associated with the paper material or water - based adhesive of the laminate in an amount sufficient to render it resistant to attack from organisms . the plastic film protects and retains the biocide in the laminate . the laminate may be made into an organism - resistant tape , a water - resistant envelope , or a package for mailing various materials . | 0 |
a catheter including a support suitable for insertion into a body organ , a transducer carried by the support , the transducer including a flexible piezoelectric polymeric membrane , and a pair of surface electrodes mounted on the membrane , the support including a rigid portion defining a flexure cavity inside the catheter , the membrane being mounted on the rigid support portion to permit free flexing of the membrane into and out of the cavity , one surface of the membrane communicating with the cavity , the other surface of the membrane being exposed to the exterior of the catheter to receive and flex in response to pressure variations in the organ , and an electrical cable for transmitting from the electrodes to external circuitry electrical signals produced by said flexure . | 0 |
an agricultural implement has a depth control system in which a position sensor directly measures linear translation of a hydraulic cylinder that lifts and lowers the implement frame to set and adjust the depth of the implement frame . the position sensor may be positioned adjacent to or integrally formed with the hydraulic cylinder , and provides a voltage to a controller remote from the implement . the controller automatically adjusts the flow of hydraulic fluid to and from the hydraulic cylinder to maintain the depth of the implement frame at an operator - selected level . | 0 |
a paddle board probe card for connecting a device under test with an ate tester by means of zif connectors is presented . the paddle board probe card may include more than one printed circuit board mounted on a probe card in such a manner that the more than one printed circuit boards mate with zif connectors on an ate testhead interface . | 6 |
a serial stream interface for combining a master serial data stream comprising a sequence of n - bit master data packets and a slave serial data stream comprising a sequence of n - bit slave data packets . the serial stream interface comprises : 1 ) a slave input interface comprising a slave buffer having a serial input for receiving the slave serial data stream and an n - bit slave parallel output for outputting each of the n - bit slave data packets wherein the slave buffer stores each n - bit slave data packet using at least one slave timing signal associated with the slave serial data stream ; 2 ) a source selection circuit having a first input channel for receiving an n - bit master parallel output from a first master data source and a second input channel coupled to the n - bit slave parallel output ; and 3 ) a serialization circuit having an input coupled to an output of the source selection circuit for receiving a selected one of the n - bit master parallel output and the n - bit slave parallel output and a serial output , wherein the serialization circuit sequentially shifts out each bit of the selected one of the n - bit master parallel output and the n - bit slave parallel output . | 7 |
a transponder that may be used as an rfid tag includes a passive circuit to eliminate the need for an “ always on ” active rf receiving element to anticipate a wake - up signal for the balance of the transponder electronics . this solution allows the entire active transponder to have all circuit elements in a sleep state , thus drastically extending battery life or other charge storage device life . also , a wake - up solution that reduces total energy consumption of an active transponder system by allowing all non - addressed transponders to remain in a sleep state , thereby reducing total system or collection energy . also , the transponder and wake - up solution are employed in an asset tracking system . | 6 |
an improved process for preparing transparent shaped articles from a vinylidene chloride polymer , said articles having excellent barrier properties and a high degree of clarity , continuity and flexibility such process comprising preparing a substantially homogeneous admixture from a particulate vinylidene chloride polymer having crystalline melting peaks of at least about 175 ° c . as determined by differential thermal analysis , and a volatile material having dispersed or dissolved therein from about 3 to 20 percent based on vinylidene chloride polymer weight of a nitrile containing elastomer which is compatible with the vinylidene chloride polymer , and wherein the volatile material is a nonsolvent for the vinylidene chloride polymer , then removing the volatile material from the admixture and thermally fabricating the admixture into a shaped article . | 2 |
a yarn lifting element , which is provided on a positive thread regulating wheel , comprises straight yarn - bearing surfaces whose position cannot be displaced by the yarn , enabling the yarn to slip in relation to the thread feeding wheel when required . said additional measure enables the positive thread regulating wheel to be used in areas which were previously excluded on account of the required synchronicity between the feeding of the thread and the consumption of the thread . | 3 |
the invention describes a microaircraft , which can be associated for instance to a cellular phone , provided with at least four microrotors actuated with compressed fluid or by ring - shaped electric motors . | 1 |
whole oriented items , such as onions , are sliced in a slicer by holding the items on a horizontal cutter - bearing plate and by rotating the plate to continuously remove slices from the lower ends of the items until they are fully sliced . the holding device include a box - like trap and cylinder - operated hold - down discs . the slicer knives are curved to effect a progressive , bias - type of cutting . | 1 |
a computer implemented method includes the steps of : a ) generating a template pdl specification , the template specification including template data and associated graphic attributes defining how the template data is to appear on a printed page , the template specification including at least one variable data identifier ; b ) generating a plurality of sub - template pdl specifications , each sub - template specification including sub - template data and associated graphic attributes defining how the sub - template data is to appear on a portion of a printed page ; c ) interpreting the template specification so as to generate a template bitmap or a plurality of template rendering commands , and during the interpreting step , identifying the variable data identifier ; d ) saving the template bitmap or the plurality of template rendering commands into memory ; e ) associating the variable data identifier with the sub - template specifications ; f ) accessing a first sub - template specification from the plurality of sub - template specifications ; g ) processing the first sub - template specification so as to generate a sub - template bitmap or a plurality of first sub - template rendering commands ; h ) accessing a copy of the template bitmap or the plurality of template rendering commands from memory ; i ) merging the copy of the template bitmap or template rendering commands with the sub - template bitmap or sub - template rendering commands so as to provide a first merged bitmap or first merged plurality of rendering commands ; j ) generating a first merged bitmap from the first merged plurality rendering commands ; k ) accessing a next sub - template specification from the plurality of sub - template specifications ; l ) processing the next sub - template specification so as to generate a next sub - template bitmap or plurality of next sub - template rendering commands , m ) accessing a copy of the template bitmap or template rendering commands from memory ; n ) merging the copy of the template bitmap or template rendering commands with the next sub - template bitmap or sub - template rendering commands so as to provide a next merged bitmap or next plurality of rendering commands ; and o ) generating a next merge bitmap from the next merged plurality of rendering commands , if necessary . the steps k - o may be repeated , as necessary , to generate a plurality of merged bitmaps . | 6 |
tester edge placement accuracy is important for testing of semiconductor component devices . the value of that accuracy is quantified to the device manufacturer in terms of yield loss and bad parts sold as good parts . a simulation is presented that models the tester accuracy , the device edge distribution and their interaction for a example device having an operating speed of 800 mbps . the same model can be applied for microprocessors or other parts that operate near the limits of ate performance . in an example given , the estimated losses due to lack of appropriate tester accuracy are considerable : with the estimated yields and selling prices for the example device , the model shows a value of over $ 1 m for every 1 ps of enhanced tester edge placement accuracy . | 6 |
We study the relation between halo concentration and mass (c - M relation) using galaxy catalogs of the Seventh and Eighth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR7 and DR8). Assuming that the satellite galaxies follow the distribution of dark matter, we derive the halo concentration by fitting the satellite radial profile with a Nararro Frank and White (NFW) format. The derived c - M relation covers a wide halo mass range from 10<SUP>11.6</SUP> to 10<SUP>14.1</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. We confirm the anti-correlation between the halo mass and concentration as predicted in cosmological simulations. Our results are in good agreement with those derived using galaxy dynamics and gravitational lensing for halos of 10<SUP>11.6</SUP>- 10<SUP>12.9</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>, while they are slightly lower for halos of 10<SUP>12.9</SUP>- 10<SUP>14.1</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. This is because blue satellite galaxies are less concentrated, especially in the inner regions. Instead of using all satellite galaxies, red satellites could be better tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution in galaxy groups. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a transmission - band allotting apparatus for suitably allotting a band used for transmitting a packet to each terminal in a packet radio transmission system . an object of the present invention is to provide a fair service to individual terminals , and to improve the throughput of downlink . therefore , the transmission - band allotting apparatus according to the present invention is constructed by preferentially allotting the band of the downlink to terminals in a descending order of ratios of a deviation from an average value of transmission qualities notified by the terminal and a dispersion of each of the transmission qualities . | 7 |
a golf game is played by two players putting golf balls into nine pairs of ball receiving receptacles . each pair of receptacles is marked with two different color codes . as a result of a putted golf ball entering a color coded ball receiving receptacle , an electric solenoid turns a valve either to the right or left , which directions correspond to the two different color codes . the valves control the flow of counters along intersecting channels which terminate in a receiving area for accumulating the counters to provide a score for each player . | 8 |
the invention concerns novel renin - inhibitory peptides which are useful for treating renin - associated hypertension , congestive heart failure , hyperaldosteronism , glaucoma and diseases caused by retroviruses . processes for preparing the peptides novel intermediates in the processes , compositions containing them , and methods of using them are included . also included is a diagnostic method which uses the compounds to determine the presence of renin - associated hypertension , or hyperaldosteronism . | 2 |
provided is an image processing device for comparing a determination value adjusted by comparing the gradation values of pixels included in inputted image data and threshold values of a dither mask prepared in advance , and a corrected gradation value obtained by correcting the gradation value of the pixel by the diffusion error from an adjacent processed pixel ; adjusting a determination value ; generating dot data which indicate the presence or absence of the dot formation by applying error diffusion ; and reducing the width of the adjustment of the determination value used in determining the dot formation so that the width of the adjustment is smaller in comparison with non - edge pixels in the case that a pixel is determined to be an edge pixel for which the difference in gradation value in relation to an adjacent pixel is equal to or greater than a predetermined value . | 7 |
a platen gap adjuster for a printer utilizes a shaft along which the print head carriage slides during printing of each line . the shaft is eccentrically mounted by means of unitary , offset spindles the common axis of which is parallel to but spaced from the shaft axis . by rotating the shaft about the common spindle axis , the carriage and print head will be moved transversely of the shaft , thereby adjusting the gap between the print head and platen without impairing the longitudinal sliding motion of the carriage . | 1 |
Adds CMS, and many other improvements | 9 |
rate_(no)inv(_fmt) (#72, b228bc3) __repr__() tidy (#389) fix write() before initialisation AttributeError: _lock (#457) man pages documentation updates | 9 |
the invention features methods and systems for optical correlation of ultrashort optical waveforms , e . g ., pulses . the optical waveform passes through a diffractive optic , e . g ., a mask or grating , to generate multiple sub - beams corresponding to different diffractive orders . at least two of the sub - beams are then imaged onto the sample to produce a desired crossing pattern . to perform the correlation , the diffracted sub - beams are variably delayed relative to one another prior to overlapping on the sample . the sample generates a signal beam in response to the overlapping sub - beams , the signal beam providing a correlation between the sub - beams for each of the variable delays . | 6 |
the invention provides oxygenated solutions , such as beverages , useful for the alleviation of halitosis . further provided are methods of using these solutions in remediating mouth odor . | 0 |
recovering sulfur from a gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide by oxidizing the gas stream to convert the hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream to sulfur oxide , and thus form a sulfur oxide enriched gas stream . the sulfur oxide enriched gas stream is contacted with a solid , sulfation resistant adsorbent bed at relatively low temperatures to extract the sulfur oxides and retain them as sulfur compounds , thus forming a sulfur oxide depleted gas stream . the adsorbent bed is then contacted with an inert or reducing gas stream to reduce the retained sulfur compounds to sulfur and / or sulfur dioxide and thereby form an enriched sulfur and / or sulfur dioxide bearing stream . the elemental sulfur is recovered and / or the sulfur dioxide bearing stream may be recycled to the claus unit for further conversion . | 2 |
a method of feeding glass to a glass - melting furnace for making a vitreous material , a heated airstream containing air at a temperature in excess of 1 , 000 ° c . is passed down vertical cylinders towards the crown of the glass - melting furnace . powdered glass batch is introduced into the vertically moving heated airstream in the lower and wider cylinder and infra - sound is applied to the vertically moving heated airstream by an infra - sound generator to vibrate the heated airstream and effect heat transfer from the airstream to the glass batch particles so that the glass batch particles are heated and the temperature of the heated airstream is reduced to a temperature below 700 ° c ., thereby reducing the propensity of the air to produce nitrogen oxides . fuel is subsequently added as the heated glass batch particles and the cooled airstream move downwardly towards the crown of the furnace and a stream of glass batch , burning fuel and air is passed downwardly through the crown of the furnace in a manner such that there is a direct contact between the flame of the burning fuel and the surface of molten glass within the furnace , and the glass batch is melted . | 2 |
a communications system which utilizes an m - ary qam signal constellation suitable for non - linear applications . the communications system includes a modulator for utilizing the m - ary constellation to implement the modulation . the m - ary constellation is a circular constellation which provides a simplified amplitude predistortion by utilizing the subject m - ary constellations , enabling more efficient communications can then be achieved through a peak - power - limited non - linear channel . such non - linear channels are more power efficient at creating rf energy from dc energy . | 7 |
In this paper, we present Q-U-I JOint Tenerife Experiment (QUIJOTE) 10-20 GHz observations (194 h in total over ≈250 deg<SUP>2</SUP>) in intensity and polarisation of G159.6-18.5, one of the most widely studied regions harbouring anomalous microwave emission (AME). By combining with other publicly available intensity data, we achieve the most precise spectrum of the AME measured to date in an individual region, with 13 independent data points between 10 and 50 GHz being dominated by this emission. The four QUIJOTE data points provide the first independent confirmation of the downturn of the AME spectrum at low frequencies, initially unveiled by the COSMOlogical Structures On Medium Angular Scales experiment in this region. Our polarisation maps, which have an angular resolution of ≈1° and a sensitivity of ≈ 25 μK beam<SUP>-1</SUP>, are consistent with zero polarisation. We obtain upper limits on the polarisation fraction of Π < 6.3 and <2.8 per cent (95 per cent C.L.), respectively, at 12 and 18 GHz (Π<SUB>AME</SUB> < 10.1 and <3.4 per cent with respect to the residual AME intensity), a frequency range where no AME polarisation observations have been reported to date. The combination of these constraints with those from other experiments confirm that all the magnetic dust models based on single-domain grains, and most of those considering randomly oriented magnetic inclusions, predict higher polarisation levels than is observed towards regions with AME. Also, neither of the two considered models of electric dipole emission seems to be compatible with all the observations together. More stringent constraints of the AME polarisation at 10-40 GHz are necessary to disentangle between different models, to which future QUIJOTE data will contribute. | 9 |
solid fuel can be converted into a clean hot flue gas with a low content of volatile organic compounds , nox and dust , and clean ash with a low carbon content by means of a stage - divided thermal reactor , where the conversion process of the solid fuel is in separate vertical stages : ash burn - out , char oxidation and gasification , pyrolysis , drying , and a gas combustion stage where gas from the gasifier is combusted . | 8 |
In simulation-based models of the galaxy-halo connection, theoretical predictions for galaxy clustering and lensing are typically made based on Monte Carlo realizations of a mock universe. In this paper, we use Subhalo Abundance Matching (SHAM) as a toy model to introduce an alternative to stochastic predictions based on mock population, demonstrating how to make simulation-based predictions for clustering and lensing that are both exact and differentiable with respect to the parameters of the model. Conventional implementations of SHAM are based on iterative algorithms such as Richardson-Lucy deconvolution; here we use the JAX library for automatic differentiation to train SHAMNet, a neural network that accurately approximates the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SMHM) defined by abundance matching. In our approach to making differentiable predictions of large-scale structure, we map parameterized PDFs onto each simulated halo, and calculate gradients of summary statistics of the galaxy distribution by using autodiff to propagate the gradients of the SMHM through the statistical estimators used to measure one- and two-point functions. Our techniques are quite general, and we conclude with an overview of how they can be applied in tandem with more complex, higher-dimensional models, creating the capability to make differentiable predictions for the multi-wavelength universe of galaxies. | 9 |
a reflective propeller safety cover comprising a bag having a flat bottom wall and a side wall peripherally coupled thereto and extended therefrom to define a hollow interior sized for holding a propeller of an motor boat and a mouth for allowing access to the interior for receiving a propeller ; an adjustable coupling mechanism coupled to the bag for adjustably opening and closing the mouth ; and a reflector mechanism coupled to the bottom wall of the bag for providing a visual indication when light is shined thereupon . | 1 |
a saw blade sharpening assembly includes a sharpening disk , a blade support panel disposed generally adjacent to the sharpening disk and a generally sloped blade support base carried by the blade support panel . | 1 |
a novel data cable achieves good transmission quality in automotive internet applications . the data cable has a transmission core with only a single stranded conductor pair or four conductors stranded together to form a quad . the transmission core is surrounded by a jacket having a high air content . the jacket may be a foamed sheath , or alternatively at least one spacer element that defines an annular sheath space with air gaps around the transmission core . | 7 |
Context. Disks are observed around pre-main sequence stars, but how and when they form is still heavily debated. While disks around young stellar objects have been identified through thermal dust emission, spatially and spectrally resolved molecular line observations are needed to determine their nature. Only a handful of embedded rotationally supported disks have been identified to date. <BR /> Aims: We identify and characterize rotationally supported disks near the end of the main accretion phase of low-mass protostars by comparing their gas and dust structures. <BR /> Methods: Subarcsecond observations of dust and gas toward four Class I low-mass young stellar objects in Taurus are presented at significantly higher sensitivity than previous studies. The <SUP>13</SUP>CO and C<SUP>18</SUP>O J = 2-1 transitions at 220 GHz were observed with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer at a spatial resolution of ≤0.8″ (56 AU radius at 140 pc) and analyzed using uv-space position velocity diagrams to determine the nature of their observed velocity gradient. <BR /> Results: Rotationally supported disks (RSDs) are detected around 3 of the 4 Class I sources studied. The derived masses identify them as Stage I objects; i.e., their stellar mass is higher than their envelope and disk masses. The outer radii of the Keplerian disks toward our sample of Class I sources are ≤100 AU. The lack of on-source C<SUP>18</SUP>O emission for TMR1 puts an upper limit of 50 AU on its size. Flattened structures at radii >100 AU around these sources are dominated by infalling motion (υ ∝ r<SUP>-1</SUP>). A large-scale envelope model is required to estimate the basic parameters of the flattened structure from spatially resolved continuum data. Similarities and differences between the gas and dust disk are discussed. Combined with literature data, the sizes of the RSDs around Class I objects are best described with evolutionary models with an initial rotation of Ω = 10<SUP>-14</SUP> Hz and slow sound speeds. Based on the comparison of gas and dust disk masses, little CO is frozen out within 100 AU in these disks. <BR /> Conclusions: Rotationally supported disks with radii up to 100 AU are present around Class I embedded objects. Larger surveys of both Class 0 and I objects are needed to determine whether most disks form late or early in the embedded phase. <P />Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNBRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).Appendices are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322646/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
the present disclosure relates to the microelectronics field , and particularly , to a metal oxide resistive switching memory and a method for manufacturing the same . the method may comprise : forming a w - plug lower electrode above a mos device ; sequentially forming a cap layer , a first dielectric layer , and an etching block layer on the w - plug lower electrode ; etching the etching block layer , the first dielectric layer , and the cap layer to form a groove for a first level of metal wiring ; sequentially forming a metal oxide layer , an upper electrode layer , and a composite layer of a diffusion block layer / a seed copper layer / a plated copper layer in the groove for the first level of metal wiring ; patterning the upper electrode layer and the composite layer by cmp , to form a memory cell and the first level of metal wiring in the groove in the first dielectric layer ; and performing subsequent processes to complete the metal oxide resistive switching memory . according to the present disclosure , the manufacture process can be simplified , without incorporating additional exposure steps in the standard process , resulting in advantages such as reduced cost . | 7 |
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