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an enclosure or containment system for expansion cards includes first and second sub - enclosures that interengage to form an enclosure assembly that substantially surrounds the major surface areas of the expansion card while providing support along some of the edges thereof to provide a protected volume that physically protects and shields the electronic and electrical components on the expansion card while providing enhanced heat transfer therefrom . | 7 |
We use the APOSTLE Local Group (LG) cosmological hydrosimulations to examine the properties of 'backsplash' galaxies, i.e. dwarfs that were within the virial boundaries of the Milky Way (MW) or M31 in the past, but are today outside their virial radius (r<SUB>200</SUB>). More than half of all dwarfs between $1\text{ and }2\, r_{200}$ of each primary are backsplash. More distant backsplash systems, i.e. those reaching distances well beyond $2\, r_{200}$, are typically close to apocentre of nearly radial orbits, and, therefore, essentially at rest relative to their primary. We use this result to investigate which LG dwarfs beyond ~500 kpc of either primary could be a distant backsplash satellite of MW or M31. Tucana dSph, one of the few known quiescent LG field dwarfs, at d<SUB>M31</SUB> ≈ 1350 kpc and d<SUB>MW</SUB> ≈ 880 kpc, is a promising candidate. Tucana's radial velocity is consistent with being at rest relative to M31. Further, Tucana is located close to M33's orbital plane around M31, and simple orbit integrations indicate that Tucana may have been ejected during an early pericentric passage of M33 ~11 Gyr ago, a timing that approximately coincides with Tucana's last episode of star formation. We suggest that Tucana may have been an early-infalling satellite of M31 or M33, providing a compelling explanation for its puzzling lack of gas and ongoing star formation despite its isolated nature. In this scenario, M33 should have completed some orbits around M31, a result that may help to explain the relative dearth of M33 satellite candidates identified so far. | 9 |
jewelry components that are magnetized with the same polarity and that are associated with a retaining element or elements so that they magnetically repulse each other and provide spatially arranged components that form new and unusual jewelry articles having heretofore unknown properties and advantages . the components are operatively associated so as to magnetically repulse each other so a plurality of such components can be joined or combined into rings , bracelets , chains , chokers , necklaces , watchbands or the like , with the magnetic force holding the components apart . when the components are moved or positionally changed in the piece due to movement of the wearer , gravitational changes or simple displacements , the magnetic forces cause the components to return to their original positions . these movements impart life and uniqueness to the jewelry articles that include the components and elements . | 0 |
a can closure includes a plastic insert permanently installed in a hole in the can top , and a plug which seats in a pouring aperture extending through the insert . locking dogs on both the insert and the plug provide a bayonet - type connection so that the container can be resealed after its contents have been partially used . protrusions on the locking dogs prevent the plug from being fully removed until pressure within the container has been relieved . | 1 |
the invention relates to the production of solid , powdery carboxylates of rare earth elements , particularly nd , la , pr , and ce , where the ligands coordinated to the metal are preferably long chain , branched carboxylic acids , most preferably 2 - ethylhexanoic , neodecanoic and naphthenic acids . the process involves batch precipitation of the product by utilizing rare earth water soluble salts , preferably rare earth nitrates , and salts of the carboxylic acid and washing the product with water , alcohol , water and alcohol mixtures or combinations thereof . | 1 |
an acidic , aqueous cleaning composition comprising a surfactant ; up to about 50 % of a higher boiling solvent , typically in alkyl ether of an alkylene glycol , said solvent introducing impurities into the composition in an amount and of a nature normally chemically incompatible with oxidizable dye chromophores ; a dye in an amount to provide a desired tinctorial value , and oxalic acid or a salt thereof in an amount effective to retard fading of the dye . in another aspect of the invention , the oxalic acid incorporated into compositions containing a solvent , a surfactant , and water , and optionally a dye provides a beneficial cleaning result . in yet another aspect of the invention , the oxalic acid beneficially retards the development of malodors when the compositions of the present invention are contained in a pvc container . broadly , the incorporation of oxalic acid in said solvent can be employed to neutralize said impurities . | 2 |
heat insulating flexible material consisting of a stack of reflective elements , separated by an insert material , characterized in that it comprises a reflective foil on which is deposited an insert material in the form of a powder having a particle size distribution less than 1 μm , said reflective foil being coiled up or folded to delimit the reflective elements . | 1 |
process for producing an spm sensor having a holding element , a cantilever and a sensor tip which projects out of the surface of the cantilever and is delimited by three surfaces . according to the process , the starting material used is a - silicon wafer . the main patterning process steps are carried out on the wafer back surface , so that an spm sensor can be produced at low cost in a single batch run . | 6 |
the present invention includes a fuel cell system and a method to operate a fuel cell . the fuel cell system includes a source of a fuel and water emulsion , receiving the emulsion and . a reformer for receiving the emulsion and producing hydrogen , a hydrogen - oxygen fuel cell connected to the reformer and able to receive hydrogen from the reformer . the method for operating a fuel cell system including a hydrogen gas oxygen fuel cell includes producing the hydrogen gas from a fuel and water emulsion . | 2 |
a light guide plate and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed , the lgp is electro - conductive . the fabrication method including the following steps : preparing an electro - conductive solution ; making one or more surfaces of a regular lgp adsorb the electro - conductive solution uniformly ; drying the lgp which adsorbs the electro - conductive solution to form an electro - conductive film on the one or more surfaces . a method for fabricating the lgp is also disclosed in which electro - conductive organic macromolecular compound is used as a raw material . the effect of static charge on the lgp is avoided by the electro - conductive property of the lgp . | 2 |
a flexible , twin - blade razor unit employing a corrugated spacer for providing improved cutting effectiveness . the corrugations increase the rigidity of the blades , which , in turn , decreases the amplitude of any vibration introduced into the blades . | 1 |
We present results from a survey of galaxies in the fields of six z ≥ 3 damped Lyman α (Lyα) systems (DLAs) using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We report a high detection rate of up to {≈ } 80{{ per cent}} of galaxies within 1000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> from DLAs and with impact parameters between 25 and 280 kpc. In particular, we discovered five high-confidence Lyα emitters associated with three DLAs, plus up to nine additional detections across five of the six fields. The majority of the detections are at relatively large impact parameters (>50 kpc) with two detections being plausible host galaxies. Among our detections, we report four galaxies associated with the most metal-poor DLA in our sample (Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> = -2.33 ± 0.22), which trace an overdense structure resembling a filament. By comparing our detections with predictions from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological simulations and a semi-analytic model designed to reproduce the observed bias of DLAs at z > 2, we conclude that our observations are consistent with a scenario in which a significant fraction of DLAs trace the neutral regions within haloes with a characteristic mass of M_h ≈ 10^{11}-10^{12} M_\odot, in agreement with the inference made from the large-scale clustering of DLAs. We finally show how larger surveys targeting ≈25 absorbers have the potential of constraining the characteristic masses of haloes hosting high-redshift DLAs with sufficient accuracy to discriminate between different models. | 9 |
a process scheduling method includes executing a plurality of symmetric schedulers on respective processors of a multiprocessing system . each scheduler periodically accesses a shared lock to obtain exclusive access to a shared scheduling data structure including process information identifying the processes , and scheduling information reflecting the executability and priorities of the processes . after obtaining the lock , each scheduler performs a scheduling routine including utilizing the scheduling information and a scheduling algorithm to identify a next executable process , and activating the identified process to begin executing on the processor on which the scheduler is executing , and updating the scheduling information to reflect the activation of the identified process . the scheduler then accesses the lock to relinquish exclusive access to the scheduling data structure . the fully symmetric scheduler provides for efficient , high - performance scheduling especially in embedded multiprocessing computer systems in which the rate of process context switches may be several thousand per second . | 6 |
a polishing apparatus includes a rotatable head assembly including a substrate retainer that incorporates a cavity in the face surface of the substrate retainer for temporarily holding polishing slurry during operation of the polishing apparatus . the cavity resides in the face surface of the substrate retainer at a location adjacent the perimeter surface of the retainer . during operation of the polishing apparatus , slurry flowing along the surface of the polishing pad flows into the cavity where a portion of the slurry is temporarily held . as the head assembly of the polishing apparatus rotates against the polishing pad , slurry continuously flows from the cavity across the polishing pad and is uniformly distributed across the exposed surface of the substrate being polished . an offset in the cavity wall permits used slurry to flow away from the substrate retainer during rotation of the head assembly . | 1 |
The 4D (four-dimensional) eigenvector 1 (E1) sequence has proven to be a highly effective tool for organizing observational and physical properties of type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this paper, we present multiple measurements of metallicity for the broad line region gas, from new and previously-published data. We demonstrate a consistent trend along the optical plane of the E1 (also known as the quasar main sequence), defined by the line width of Balmer hydrogen Hβ profile and by a parameter measuring the prominence of singly-ionized iron emission. The trend involves an increase from sub-solar metallicity in correspondence with extreme Population B (weak FeII emission, large Hβ FWHM (full width at half maximum)) to metallicity several tens the solar value in correspondence with extreme Population A (strongest FeII optical emission, narrower Hβ profiles). The data establish the metallicity as a correlate of the 4DE1/main sequence. If the considerably high metallicity (Z≳10Z⊙, solar metallicity) gas is expelled from the sphere of influence of the central black hole, as indicated by the widespread evidence of nuclear outflows and disk wind in the case of sources radiating at a high Eddington ratio, then it is possible that the outflows from quasars played a role in chemically enriching the host galaxy. | 9 |
a structural member of the present invention includes a substrate having portions defining an inwardly extending channel and a blow molded member in contact with the substrate . the blow molded member has portions that engage the portions of the substrate that define the inwardly extending channel such that the blow molded member is secured to the substrate . | 8 |
the invention relates to a method and a device for feeding layers of tobacco to an intermediate reservoir , including feeding a continual falling , horizontal shifting stream of tobacco to the intermediate reservoir , the falling stream of tobacco being deflected by web - type separators below , which predetermined break points form in the tobacco mass in the intermediate reservoir resulting in vertical columns of tobacco separable from each other , the columns of tobacco separating individually from the tobacco mass and dropping onto a dispensing conveyor . | 0 |
a transformer structure having double - axis iron core is disclosed . the iron core structure mainly includes an iron core main body that has a base . the base has a parallel salient side convex part furnished respectively at the two opposite side edge thereof , and has a chamfered part furnished respectively at the two end parts corresponding to the side convex part thereof . it utilizes two iron core main bodies to be oppositely combined . in association with different shapes of coil , it is capable of forming various transformer structures and possesses a variety of combination , and is capable of adapting to various requirements of the product . | 7 |
to prevent unexpected http session timeouts on the web and enable reliable business processing on the web , a unit for notifying a user of timeouts of web and a unit for the user to change timeout intervals in the processing of web applications such as online shopping . the present invention includes an application system which provides application services via a network and clients which receive the application services via the network , in which the application system sends to the clients a program for generating a window which displays information about timeouts on web sessions of application services , and the clients display the window based on the program received . | 7 |
a liquid crystal device is constituted by a first electrode substrate having thereon a group of first electrodes , a second electrode substrate having thereon a group of second electrodes intersecting the first electrodes , and a liquid crystal disposed between the first and second electrode substrates so as to form a pixel at each intersection of the first and second electrodes . the liquid crystal device is driven for gradational display by selecting and writing in a pixel plural times in one frame of display for gradational display , wherein a second and a subsequent writing among the plural times of writing is performed by applying a bipolar pulse of identical shapes in positive and negative polarities . | 6 |
disclosed are methods for treating and preventing neurological disorders which have a significant inflammatory component . the methods of the present invention involve extracting blood from a patient , subjecting the blood ex vivo to at least one stressor selected from the group consisting of an oxidative environment , thermal stress and uv light , and then re - administering the blood to the patient , thereby reducing inflammation . | 0 |
a bidirectional hydraulic drilling jar includes an elongated mandrel telescopingly disposed within a body and defining spaced apart fluid chambers separated by a restricted bore portion of the body . the mandrel is provided with spaced apart positive mechanical seal assemblies engageable with the restricted bore portion to form a hydraulic dashpot to retard movement of the mandrel in each direction over a limited stroke length so that the spring tension or weight of the drill stem may become effective to deliver an impact blow when the seal assemblies move out of sealing engagement with the restriction . back - to - back check valves are arranged to bridge the respective seal assemblies to reduce the length of stroke required to cock and trip the jar in each direction . a separate orifice or flow restricting passage is provided across the seal assemblies so that the retarding effect is independent of coacting seal surfaces between the mandrel and the jar body . rotary driving torque and impacting in the upward direction are absorbed by a replaceable mandrel sleeve member . the positive mechanical seals include a spiral cylindrical seal ring which is backed on its inner diameter by a piston ring type seal member so that a radially expandable substantially zero gap seal is provided between the opposed fluid chambers when the seal assembly is effectively engaged with the bore restriction in the body . | 4 |
a high output light emitting diode based lighting module includes a plurality of leds support structures mounted on one or more electrical transfer structures , each said led support structured securely holding a fiber bundle so that it mates to an led so that each fiber bundle slightly overlaps the active area of its respective led . | 6 |
a method and system for handling an imaging job in a heterogeneous imaging environment , and in particular for enabling and implementing dynamic conversion and / or configuration of imaging control data , such as print control data , so as to match imaging job requirements with the specific capabilities of a selected imaging device . utilizing an appropriate data definitions database , which is always modifiable to suit current imaging environmental conditions , the invention deals effectively with various conversion and configuration needs , including those associated with existing , virtual , and pseudo imaging drivers . | 6 |
an observing apparatus for observing if a mask for producing semiconductor circuit element and a wafer are aligned to a determined positional relationship . the apparatus is featured in eliminating the light reflected by the mask by the use of a phase mirror and an optical analyzer , thus allowing to observe the mask and wafer without difference in brightness . | 6 |
disclosed is a lid commonly used for attachment atop dumpsters , trash bins , or waste containers of the type having a circular cross - sectioned lid rod . the lid comprises a three - dimensional rectangular structure reinforced by contoured ribs running lengthwise and further having the capability of being hingedly operated at either the front end or the rear end of the lid . co - axial , horizontally - oriented circular apertures are provided proximate the front end and rear end of each of the ribs . the apertures permit the hinged attachment of the lid to the waste containers . in this manner , an advantage accrues to a commercial user in that , after a certain amount of wear and tear , the lid may be removed from the waste container and the opposite aperture end may then be attached to the lid rod and used for another extended period of time . | 1 |
an exemplary screwdriver includes a handle unit , head units for operating different kinds of fasteners , a head reception unit fixed on the handle unit and receiving the head units therein , and a pole unit fixed on the handle unit . each of the head units is removably attachable on the pole unit so that the screwdriver can operate the different kinds of fasteners as required . | 1 |
semiconductor grade tungsten hexafluoride is produced by reacting tungsten metal with a recirculating flow of gaseous wf 6 containing a small concentration of fluorine in a heated reactor . the high purity wf 6 produced is useful for deposition of tungsten metallization in fabricating vlsi integrated circuitry . | 2 |
the invention relates to a process for the synthesis of the diamine of formula an important intermediate in the synthesis of dabiagtran etexilate . | 2 |
this invention relates to methods of treatment of hypersensitivity conditions such as asthma and other allergic conditions , and especially to treatment of these conditions with cyclic peptidic and peptidomimetic compounds which have the ability to modulate the activity of g protein - coupled receptors . the compounds preferably act as antagonists of the c 5 a receptor , and are active against c 5 a receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages . particularly preferred compounds for use in the methods of the invention are disclosed . | 0 |
an equipment or environment health monitor having a micro gas apparatus incorporating a phased heater array , concentrator , separator and detector for achieving the sensitivity needed for detection of extremely small amounts of fluids . the apparatus is capable of detecting trace gases , and may be utilized to detect “ fault ” gas of operating equipment so as to determine , for example , the prospects of imminent failure of the equipment . also , the micro gas apparatus is capable of detecting miniscule amounts of pollutants in ambient environment of a conditioned or tested space . the output of the apparatus may go to a microcontroller and / or processor for prompt analysis . the output from the microcontroller or processor may go to either a transmitter / receiver for wireless communication or a modem for utility line , cable or optical communication with a station for data and results observation and review . | 6 |
a rolled shell and stuffer apparatus , particularly useful for deep frying , utilizes a number of structures which together provide the ability to quickly produce a large number of stuffed taquito type shells having high quality . the basic components of the system include a shell mold having an outer diameter of about 0 . 5 inches for example , formation mandrel , a rolling support , a frying support , a removal support , a stuffing system , and an optional handling tool . as will be seen , the degree of interrelatedness of these components can vary , but the result is a uniformity of high quality product which enables a wider range of food stuffing . | 0 |
a dispensing device that may hold at least two bottles in place . the device may be able to hold a system comprising multiple bottles and / or cans in place . the device may comprise a grip , means for supporting fluid containers , a chamber that facilitates equal distribution and efficient discharge of liquids via a spout . | 1 |
An updated version of the documentation | 9 |
a disk drive device is disclosed including a supporting mechanism for supporting a plurality of magnetic disks , a single motor , and a transmitting mechanism . the supporting mechanism comprises a plurality of bearing mechanisms , each of which rotatably supports each of the magnetic disks , respectively . each bearing mechanisms is formed as a tube , and a rotatable shaft is connected to each disk and rotatably supported in each tubular bearing mechanism . the rotatable shaft is provided with grooves which generate a pumping effect when a fluid is passed therethrough , whereby the rotatable shaft is supported in the tubular bearing mechanism without friction therebetween . the transmitting mechanism comprises an endless belt for transmitting a rotation of the motor to the supporting mechanism . | 6 |
a data storage system and method to promote integrity of data written , optionally using a cache with buffer to persistent memory . health of a computer system is dynamically monitored . if good health is present , during a data write operation , the cache system is configured so data is buffered within the cache , thus promoting faster performance . but if good health is absent , the cache system is configured to write through to persistent memory , thus trading off speed for integrity of the data stored . optionally , a multi - level cache hierarchy system can be used as the caching system . | 7 |
this invention provides a novel class of organohydrogenpolysiloxanes that function as curing agents for organosiloxane compositions curable by a hydrosilylation reaction in addition to imparting excellent adhesion to the cured composition . this invention also provides curable organosiloxane compositions containing these novel organohydrogen - polysiloxanes . the compositions exhibit excellent adhesion to a variety of organic and inorganic substrates , including but not limited to metals , glasses , and plastics . | 2 |
an apparatus produces contractions in skeletal muscles of a target to impede locomotion by an animal of human target . the apparatus is used with at least one electrode for conducting a current through the target . the apparatus may be implemented as an electronic disabling device . the apparatus includes two circuits . the first circuit includes a transformer and a first capacitor . the second capacitor and a secondary winding of the transformer . the second circuit is a series circuit with the electrode . in operation with the electrode , the transformer impresses a voltage on the electrode of greater magnitude than the first voltage , and the current is responsive to the first capacitor and discharge of the second capacitor . | 7 |
a fiber reinforced composite wood board is designed particularly for use in the flooring of truck trailers which experience adverse operating conditions such as from heavy loads of lift trucks on the top side and water spray during rainy periods on the bottom side . the composite wood board comprises an edge - glued laminated wood member composed of wood segments with end joints . the wood member is underlaid with a thin layer of fiber reinforced plastic . the top surface of the composite wood board is the same as that of the laminated wood . the fiber reinforced plastic underlay is composed of glass and / or carbon fibers embedded in a polymeric resin such as epoxy , phenolic , vinyl ester , polyester , polypropylene or polyamide resin . further , the fiber reinforced plastic underlay is substantially bonded to the wood member with a reactive hotmelt adhesive . the fiber reinforced plastic provides high fatigue resistance to the composite wood board and prevents water leakage into the trailer through the end joints of the wood segments . | 8 |
Sunspot observations are available in fairly good numbers since 1610, after the invention of the telescope. This review is concerned with those sunspot observations of which longer records and drawings in particular are available. Those records bear information beyond the classical sunspot numbers or group sunspot numbers. We begin with a brief summary on naked-eye sunspot observations, in particular those with drawings. They are followed by the records of drawings from 1610 to about 1900. The review is not a compilation of all known historical sunspot information. Some records contributing substantially to the sunspot number time series may therefore be absent. We also glance at the evolution of the understanding of what sunspots actually are, from 1610 to the 19th century. The final part of the review illuminates the physical quantities that can be derived from historical drawings. | 9 |
Historical museum records provide potentially useful data for identifying drivers of change in species occupancy. However, because museum records are typically obtained via many collection methods, methodological developments are needed in order to enable robust inferences. Occupancy-detection models, a relatively new and powerful suite of statistical methods, are a potentially promising avenue because they can account for changes in collection effort through space and time. We use simulated datasets to identify how and when patterns in data and/or modelling decisions can bias inference. We focus primarily on the consequences of contrasting methodological approaches for dealing with species' ranges and inferring species' non-detections in both space and time. We find that not all datasets are suitable for occupancy-detection analysis but, under the right conditions (namely, datasets that are broken into more time periods for occupancy inference and that contain a high fraction of community-wide collections, or collection events that focus on communities of organisms), models can accurately estimate trends. Finally, we present a case-study on eastern North American odonates where we calculate long-term trends of occupancy by using our most robust workflow. These results indicate that occupancy-detection models are a suitable framework for some research cases and expand the suite of available tools for macroecological analysis available to researchers, especially where structured datasets are unavailable. | 9 |
a method of managing ta functionality for a communication device of a wireless communication system which supports carrier aggregation that multiple component carriers are aggregated to support wider transmission bandwidth is disclosed . the method comprises receiving a rrc message indicating a usage of a timing advance command for each of a plurality of component carriers configured to the communication device , from a cell in a network of the wireless communication system , when the timing advance command has been received from the cell for each of the plurality of component carriers , applying the timing advance functionality corresponding to each of the plurality of component carriers , for updating a timing advance value for each of the plurality of component carriers , and when updating the timing advance value for each of the plurality of component carriers , starting or restarting a time alignment timer for each of the plurality of component carriers . | 7 |
a fluid heating system in which the electromagnetic field on both sides of a single induction work coil is utilized to heat two separate but connected chambers simultaneously . | 7 |
a manifold assembly is provided for delivering flowable solid material , such as pelletized resin , for example , from a silo to a plurality of delivery pipes leading to extruding machines . the manifold is provided with gate valves for each delivery pipe , the valves being self - cleaning and easily controllable . a base portion of the manifold has a plurality of gated delivery tubes , while a top portion has at least one delivery tube of a larger diameter . circular mounting flanges with equally spaced bolt holes between the lower and upper portions of the manifold facilitate any desired relative orientation of the delivery tube of the upper portion with respect to those of the lower portion . also the upper portion has a circular flange for mounting in any desired position of index on a matching flange of a silo or hopper . | 1 |
Published here with one year delay, for completeness. This release comprises major improvements, changes and many new features compared to the last release (comprising about 10 months of development time). Thus, below we only summarise the most important changes. For a list of all changes, please see the changelog file of this release (in subdirectory changelog). New sub-package web (tools for high-level web processing) Contains frameworks and routines for high level analysis of data and computation of json files both for AeroCom evaluation and trends web interfaces. Includes 2 simple command line interfaces pyaeroeval and pyaerotrends for web processing Main classes: AerocomEvaluation for processing of data displayed at https://aerocom-evaluation.met.no/ TrendsEvaluation for data displayed at https://aerocom-trends.met.no/ Gridded reading (ReadGridded class and methods used therein) data_dir can be provided directly on input in ReadGridded (e.g. for working locally with no database access). However, data files are required to be in AeroCom naming convention. og550gtaer is now primarily computed via od550aer-od550lt1aer easy file filtering for all attributes accessible via filename (e.g. model, variable, year, vertical type) option to compute variables during runtime for custom methods Clean up of outdated methods improved logic of processing work-flow, especially for computation of variables and handling of 4D files, e.g. use ModelLevel files if Surface is requested but not available Compute mass concentration fields (concXX) from mass mixing ratios (mmrXX) and density (rho) fields Reading of climatological data (i.e. year 9999 in filename). Remark: tricky, because pandas cannot handle timestamps with year 9999 More flexible options for reading of iris cubes (iris_io.py) Improved check and correction of invalid time dimensions in source files Ungridded reading (Reading of observations) EBAS: implemented framekwork for computation of variables from variables that can be read (or computed) EBAS: evaluate and use flag columns (flagged data added to new flag column in UngriddedData object) EBAS: support all occurring sampling frequencies (e.g. weekly, 2daily, etc.) EBAS: default now reads raw (i.e. as is in NASA Ames files), but writes all relevant information for filtering (e.g. datalevel, flags) into output UngriddedData object, which can then be filtered flexibly after reading New reading routine for GAW ascii format New reading routine for data subset from trends paper by Aas et al. Updated EARLINET reading routine after major changes in format (Feb. 2019) More flexible handling of cached data objects in ReadUngridded (cf. changes in caching strategy below) Data classes StationData Merging of multiple instances possible (including metadata merging and handling of overlapping data) Removed attrs. stat_lon, stat_lat, stat_alt Support trends computation and visualisation Support profile data UngriddedData Support for flags and error data Outlier removal More flexible and robust conversion into StationData More advanced filtering and subsetting (e.g. extract single variable) Methods for merging of several instances Added iter method (looping over data object -> returns StationData at each index, BETA) GriddedData More flexible subsetting (e.g. sel method) Method to automatically infer surface level for 3D data Cleaned up attributes: now everything is stored within underlying cube (i.e. attr. suppl_info is deperecated) Added CF attributes such as standard_name and long_name WORK IN PROGRESS: altitude access for 4D fields via get_altitude method (cleaned up and refactored old code due to below mentioned updates in mod vert_coords.py) option to add metadata when converting to timeseries (StationData) at distinct locations ColocatedData Updated I/O and naming conventions Region filtering time resampling All data classes contain many more helper and analysis methods and attributes, that are not explicitely mentioned here, for details see changelog Colocation: Improved flexibility and robustness of colocation routines (modules colocation.py, colocation_auto.py), e.g. more control on individual outlier removal for both input datasets hierarchical resampling option for outlier removal option for unit harmonisation option for colocating time before downsampling option to ignore certain station names (for gridded / ungridded colocation) colocation with climatology data High level interface (Colocator class) for automatic colocation, e.g. used in AerocomEvaluation class for web processing. Other changes: Updated method calc_statistics: biases (NMB, MNMB) and FGE are now computed only from positive values New modules units_helpers.py providing custom unit conversion, e.g. for non-CF conform units in data files (e.g. sulphur specific mass concentration data: ug S m-3) Improved caching stragegy (now single variable instances of UngriddedData are cached) Easier installation options Support for simple geographical calculations New helpers and processing methods in region.py Support for more variables Advanced and unified time resampling in TimeResampler class More CF-compliant (e.g. units attr. in data classes) More flexible and unified handling (and sharing) of metadata among different data objects Methods for trends computation (class TrendsEngine) Major improvements in ungridded caching using single variable cache files for I/O Bug fixes New class TsType for handling and comparing temporal resolutions (in new mod tstype.py) More flexible tests (using pytest markers that check access to database) Worked on implementation of vertical coordinate to altitude conversion methods (WORK IN PROGRESS, mod. vert_coords.py) API changes: Station class is deprecated ReadGriddedMulti is deprecated (but still works) sconc variables are deprecated (but still work): use conc instead (e.g. concso4 instead of sconcso4) Renaming of classes / modules: AllVariables to VarCollection unit to units Moved GridIO class from config.py to dedicated new module grid_io.py Global setup dictionaries for time conversion moved from helpers.py to time_config.py Not finished / under development / coming soon Handling of vertical model coordinates Colocation of profile data Filtering by land / sea masks Computation of regional average time series in data objects Planned major changes for v0.9.0: API refactor: StationData based on xarray.Dataset (currently variable data can be either numpy array, pandas Series or xarray) Include filtering using land / sea masks (should work for GriddedData, UngriddedData, ColocatedData) 4D data (ModelLevel): conversion of vertical level coordinates to altitude profile colocation (would add additional vertical dimension to Colocateddata) Retrieval of aerosol layer height (PRODUCT) Default vertical domains for vertical aggregation (particularly for web interfaces, e.g. 0-2km, 2-6km, >6km) | 9 |
We analyse the volume-limited subsamples extracted from the sixteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV) eBOSS quasar survey spanning a redshift interval of 0.8 < z < 2.2, to estimate the scale of transition to homogeneity in the Universe. The multifractal analysis used for this purpose considers the scaling behaviour of different moments of quasar distribution in different density environments. This analysis gives the spectrum of generalized dimension D<SUB>q</SUB>, where positive values of q characterize the scaling behaviour in overdense regions and the negative ones in underdense regions. We expect fractal correlation dimension D<SUB>q</SUB>(r) = 3, for a homogeneous, random point distribution in 3-Dimensions. The fractal correlation dimension D<SUB>q</SUB>(r), corresponding to q = 2 obtained in our study stabilizes in the range (2.8-2.9) for scales r > 80 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc. The observed quasar distribution shows consistency with the simulated mock data and the random distribution of quasars within one sigma. Further, the generalized dimension spectrum D<SUB>q</SUB>(r) also reveals transition to homogeneity beyond >110 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc, and the dominance of clustering at small scales r < 80 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc. Consequently, our study provides strong evidence for the homogeneity in SDSS quasar distribution, offering insights into large-scale structure properties and, thus can play a pivotal role in scrutinizing the clustering properties of quasars and its evolution in various upcoming surveys such as Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and Extremely Large Telescope. | 9 |
a steam turbine including a rotor rotatable about an axis and a casing concentrically surrounding the rotor . a reduction in the starting times and reduced production costs may be achieved in that the casing includes a high - mass hollow - cylindrical basic carrier and a plurality of shells concentrically surrounding the basic carrier . the shells are each produced from a bent metal sheet and interspaces capable of being filled with steam are defined between adjacent ones of the plurality of shells . | 5 |
an ethernet metropolitan area network provides connectivity to one or more customer premises to packet - bases services , such as atm , frame relay , or ip while advantageously providing a mechanism for assuring security and regulation of customer traffic . upon receipt of each customer - generated information frame , an ingress multi - service platform “ tags ” the frame with a customer descriptor that specifically identifies the recipient customer . in practice , the msp tags each frame by overwriting the virtual local area network identifier with the routing descriptor . using the customer descriptor in each frame , a recipient provider edge router or atm switch can map the information as appropriate to direct the information to the specific customer . in addition , the customer descriptor may also include quality of service allowing the recipient provider edge router or atm switch to vary the qos level accordingly . | 7 |
the invention relates to a stand having a parallelogram carrier and a balancing device , in which , between a support arm that runs substantially horizontally and a basic part that can be braked with respect to a basic body , there is arranged at least one measuring unit to measure and absorb the imbalance forces and moments which arise . | 5 |
an improved location based authentication system for detecting fraudulent transactions committed by means of misuse of payment cards is disclosed . the improved lba system performs a series of transaction analysis and generates a fraud - score which provides an indication as whether to authorize an attempted transaction . the system is designed to increase profitability of credit card companies by reducing the accumulated losses due to fraud . in one embodiment , the system detects fraud by analyzing the behavior patterns of card holders and merchants . | 6 |
a security alarm sensor for mounting between two corner walls is described comprising a housing unit having a housing base for attachment to the corner walls and a selectively detachable housing cover ; a circuit board sized for engagement within the housing unit ; first and second openings on opposite sides of the housing base ; first and second mounting pins selectively movable within the first and second openings wherein said mounting pins have a length and a range of movement so as to have a first position wherein the mounting pins are totally retracted within the housing unit and a second position wherein said mounting pins extend outwardly from the housing unit sufficiently to pierce the corner walls and securely hold the security alarm sensor in place . the installation of the alarm sensor is usually accomplished by first removing the housing cover from the housing base and detaching the printed circuit board prior to mounting the housing base to the corner of the wall . | 8 |
a joystick controller for generating analog signals representative of coordinate positions is characterized by a pair of members movable in orthogonal directions by a handle . each member carries at least one wiper contact adapted to slide linearly along an associated linearly extending resistor carried on a circuit board to generate the signals representative of coordinate positions . the use of linearly extending resistors for generating the signals , as compared with rotary potentiometers , provides for a reduction in size of the joystick controller , economies in its manufacture , and a high degree of linearity between handle positions and the signals generated . | 6 |
a system for preventing crosstalk in a stereo television receiver includes a signal selection switch for selecting between signals produced by a demodulator and signals received at an auxiliary input , a controller for generating a switching control signal and circuitry for muting the audio demodulator during channel change and when said auxiliary input is selected in response to said switching control signal . | 7 |
The astrophysical S factor and reaction rate of the direct capture process α +d →<SUP>6</SUP>Li+γ , as well as the abundance of the <SUP>6</SUP>Li element, are estimated in a three-body model. The initial state is factorized into the deuteron bound state and the α +d scattering state. The final nucleus <SUP>6</SUP>Li(1<SUP>+</SUP>) is described as a three-body bound state α +n +p in the hyperspherical Lagrange-mesh method. Corrections to the asymptotics of the overlap integral in the S and D waves have been done for the E 2 S factor. The isospin forbidden E 1 S factor is calculated from the initial isosinglet states to the small isotriplet components of the final <SUP>6</SUP>Li(1<SUP>+</SUP>) bound state. It is shown that the three-body model is able to reproduce the newest experimental data of the LUNA Collaboration for the astrophysical S factor and the reaction rates within the experimental error bars. The estimated <SUP>6</SUP>Li/H abundance ratio of (0.67 ±0.01 ) ×10<SUP>-14</SUP> is in a very good agreement with the recent measurement (0.80 ±0.18 ) ×10<SUP>-14</SUP> of the LUNA Collaboration. | 9 |
a curtain airbag device includes a curtain airbag disposed along an upper side surface of a vehicle facing a cabin in a folded state to be able to expand downwardly along the side surface , and an inflator for inflating the curtain airbag . a guide airbag is arranged to expand substantially at the same time when the curtain airbag is expanded . the guide airbag guides the curtain airbag toward the cabin and / or regulates an expanding direction of the curtain airbag . | 1 |
block copolymers of the formula ## str1 ## wherein r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen , alkyl and aryl ; k , j , m and n represent the number of repeating segments , and imaging members thereof . | 2 |
a performance testing apparatus for a heat pipe includes an immovable portion having a cooling structure defined therein for cooling a heat pipe requiring test . a movable portion is capable of moving relative to the immovable portion and has a cooling structure defined therein for cooling the heat pipe . a receiving structure is defined between the immovable portion and the movable portion for receiving the heat pipe therein . a concavo - convex cooperating structure is defined in the immovable portion and the movable portion for avoiding the movable portion from deviating from the immovable portion to ensure the receiving structure being capable of precisely receiving the heat pipe . at least a temperature sensor is attached to at least one of the immovable portion and the movable portion to detect a temperature of the heat pipe . | 5 |
a method for dynamically clocking one component located into a wireless telecommunication apparatus comprising a rf transceiver subject to desensizitation by said component emi , characterized in that it involves the steps of performing an adaptive control on the clock rate of said component so as to locate a wideband noise psd null just to the left or to the right , in the frequency domain , of the rf transceiver wanted carrier frequency particularly , the control is performed by means of the control of programmable frequency dividers , and under the control of a general control unit for the purpose of performing a contextual analysis of the current mode of operation of said wireless telecommunications and , in response to said contextual analysis , for determining the fine tuning of the clock rate to be applied to said component . | 7 |
a method and system of operating a power - managed computer system monitors the life cycle of a hard disk drive attached to the computer system and extends the life span of the hard disk drive by reducing the rate at which hard disk drive spin - up cycles are initiated when the hard drive reaches a predetermined stage it life cycle . software routines which activate or spin - up the hard drive are extended in capability to read the hard drive serial number and record the serial number in a non - volatile memory in conjunction with an incrementing counter . the incrementing counter counts the number of times the hard drive has been activated from the time of installation of the hard drive . the count of spin - up occurrences is indicative of the operating age of the disk drive . a plurality of age levels are defined , for example medium , old and ancient levels so that , when the hard drive spin - up count reaches one of the defined levels , the power management system changes the operation of the hard drive power management . | 8 |
We use the NEWHORIZON simulation to study the redshift evolution of bar properties and fractions within galaxies in the stellar masses range M<SUB>⋆</SUB> = 10<SUP>7.25</SUP>-10<SUP>11.4</SUP>$\, \rm {M}_\odot$ over the redshift range of z = 0.25-1.3. We select disc galaxies using stellar kinematics as a proxy for galaxy morphology. We employ two different automated bar detection methods, coupled with visual inspection, resulting in observable bar fractions of f<SUB>bar</SUB> = 0.070$_{{-0.012}}^{{+0.018}}$ at z ~ 1.3, decreasing to f<SUB>bar</SUB> = 0.011$_{{-0.003}}^{{+0.014}}$ at z ~ 0.25. Only one galaxy is visually confirmed as strongly barred in our sample. This bar is hosted by the most massive disc and only survives from z = 1.3 down to z = 0.7. Such a low bar fraction, in particular amongst Milky Way-like progenitors, highlights a missing bars problem, shared by literally all cosmological simulations with spatial resolution <100 pc to date. The analysis of linear growth rates, rotation curves, and derived summary statistics of the stellar, gas and dark matter components suggest that galaxies with stellar masses below 10<SUP>9.5</SUP>-10<SUP>10</SUP>$\, \rm {M}_\odot$ in NEWHORIZON appear to be too dominated by dark matter relative to stellar content to form a bar, while more massive galaxies typically have formed large bulges that prevent bar persistence at low redshift. This investigation confirms that the evolution of the bar fraction puts stringent constraints on the assembly history of baryons and dark matter on to galaxies. | 9 |
a number of channels of data , including audio , image , text , and support data are collected at one or more centralized servers . the individual channels are edited and processed for content and format , including the deletion and insertion of advertising content and markers to indicate locations for additional content . these channels are then sent to a plurality of transmission servers for processing one or more of the channels including the insertion of content at designated markers and the combination of the channels of data into a single , packetized data transfer stream . the transmission servers broadcast the data transfer stream to a plurality of receiving units which de - packetize the original data channels and present any selected channel to the user of the receiving unit . the receiving units send status information back to the centralized servers where the data is processed and analyzed to evaluate the present and future use of advertisements . | 7 |
a method for inspecting and sorting a plurality of ic units comprising the steps of : delivering a frame containing said ic units to a unit picking station ; conducting a first inspection of said units during the delivering step and recording the subsequent result ; removing said units from the frame , and moving said units from the unit picking station to a flipping station ; conducting a second inspection of said units during the moving step and recording the subsequent result ; flipping said units to expose an opposed face said units ; conducting a third inspection of said opposed face and recording the subsequent result , then ; sorting said units into categories based on the recorded results from the first , second and third inspecting steps . | 7 |
This repository contains code from winning competitors in the Mars Spectrometry 2: Gas Chromatography challenge on DrivenData. The challenge was hosted by DrivenData in collaboration with NASA. The code has been verified independently at time of receipt but is not actively maintained. In particular, neither DrivenData nor NASA is responsible for maintenance of the code. Please contact [email protected] with any other questions about the repository. The source for this archive is available on GitHub: https://github.com/drivendataorg/mars-spectrometry-gcms/ More information about the competition is available here: https://www.drivendata.org/competitions/97/nasa-mars-gcms/ | 9 |
The carousel model of pulsar emission attributes the phenomenon of subpulse drifting to a set of discrete sparks located very near the stellar surface rotating around the magnetic axis. Here, we investigate the subpulse drifting behavior of PSR B0031-07 in the context of the carousel model. We show that B0031-07's three drift modes (A, B, and C) can be understood in terms of a single carousel rotation rate if the number of sparks is allowed to change by an integral number, and where the different drift rates are due to (first-order) aliasing effects. This also results in harmonically related values for P <SUB>3</SUB> (the time it takes a subpulse to reappear at the same pulse phase), which we confirm for B0031-07. A representative solution has [n <SUB>A</SUB>, n <SUB>B</SUB>, n <SUB>C</SUB>] = [15, 14, 13] sparks and a carousel rotation period of P <SUB>4</SUB> = 16.4 P <SUB>1</SUB>. We also investigate the frequency dependence of B0031-07's subpulse behavior. We extend the carousel model to include the dual effects of aberration and retardation, including the time it takes the information about the surface spark configuration to travel from the surface up to the emission point. Assuming these effects dominate at B0031-07's emission heights, we derive conservative emission height differences of ≲2000 km for mode A and ≲1000 km for modes B and C as seen between 185 and 610 MHz. This new method of measuring emission heights is independent of others that involve average profile components or the polarization position angle curve, and thus provides a potentially strong test of the carousel model. | 9 |
a heat exchanger apparatus includes a plurality of tanks assembled together . each of the tanks is a separate structural member that provides opposed parallel surfaces . the surfaces carry a plurality of parallel longitudinally extending u - shaped grooves that are correspondingly placed . when the grooves are aligned , they form a first plurality of channels for holding a first fluid system . a load - carrying portion of each plate - like tank extends between the opposed surfaces . a second plurality of fluid conveying channels carries a second fluid system through the load carrying portion of the tank . fluid inlets and outlets are provided for each fluid system . the design of the present invention provides an improved plate - like tank structure that allows the separate fluid systems to be maintained at substantial pressure differentials such as , for example , between about 1 , 000 - 3 , 200 p . s . i . | 5 |
the present invention is an atherectomy catheter with a rotary cutting knife that is driven from the distal or side direction . the catheter collects plaque shavings in a hollow collection chamber mounted in between the rotary cutting knife and the main catheter tubing . in contrast to prior art designs , which utilized nose mounted plaque collection chambers , the present design is able to store a substantially larger volume of removed plaque , thus increasing the length of time and amount of plaque removal that can be accomplished before the catheter must be removed from the body and cleaned . this decreases medical procedure time , allows for more complete and careful plaque removal , and reduces the burden on the patient and physician . | 0 |
We study the effects that initial conditions of star clusters and their massive star population have on dynamical ejections of massive stars from star clusters up to an age of 3 Myr. We use a large set of direct N-body calculations for moderately massive star clusters (M<SUB>ecl</SUB> ≈ 10<SUP>3.5</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). We vary the initial conditions of the calculations, such as the initial half-mass radius of the clusters, initial binary populations for massive stars and initial mass segregation. We find that the initial density is the most influential parameter for the ejection fraction of the massive systems. The clusters with an initial half-mass radius r<SUB>h</SUB>(0) of 0.1 (0.3) pc can eject up to 50% (30)% of their O-star systems on average, while initially larger (r<SUB>h</SUB>(0) = 0.8 pc) clusters, that is, lower density clusters, eject hardly any OB stars (at most ≈ 4.5%). When the binaries are composed of two stars of similar mass, the ejections are most effective. Most of the models show that the average ejection fraction decreases with decreasing stellar mass. For clusters that are efficient at ejecting O stars, the mass function of the ejected stars is top-heavy compared to the given initial mass function (IMF), while the mass function of stars that remain in the cluster becomes slightly steeper (top-light) than the IMF. The top-light mass functions of stars in 3 Myr old clusters in our N-body models agree well with the mean mass function of young intermediate-mass clusters in M 31, as reported previously. This implies that the IMF of the observed young clusters is the canonical IMF. We show that the multiplicity fraction of the ejected massive stars can be as high as ≈ 60%, that massive high-order multiple systems can be dynamically ejected, and that high-order multiples become common especially in the cluster. We also discuss binary populations of the ejected massive systems. Clusters that are initially not mass-segregated begin ejecting massive stars after a time delay that is caused by mass segregation. When a large kinematic survey of massive field stars becomes available, for instance through Gaia, our results may be used to constrain the birth configuration of massive stars in star clusters. The results presented here, however, already show that the birth mass-ratio distribution for O-star primaries must be near uniform for mass ratios q ≳ 0.1. | 9 |
Solar eruptions are explosive disruption of coronal magnetic fields, and often launch coronal mass ejections into the interplanetary space. Intriguingly, many solar eruptions fail to escape from the Sun, and the prevailing theory for such failed eruption is based on ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities of magnetic flux rope (MFR); that is, an MFR runs into kink instability and erupts but cannot reach the height for torus instability. Here, based on numerical MHD simulation, we present a new model of failed eruption in which magnetic reconnection plays a leading role in the initiation and failure of the eruption. Initially, a core bipolar potential field is embedded in a background bipolar field, and by applying shearing and converging motions to the core field, a current sheet is formed within the core field. Then, tether-cutting reconnection is triggered at the current sheet, first slow for a while and becoming fast, driving an erupting MFR. Eventually, the rise of MFR is halted by the downward magnetic tension force of the overlying field, although the MFR apex has well exceeded the critical height of torus instability. More importantly, during the rise of the MFR, it experiences a significant rotation around the vertical axis (with a direction contrary to that predicted by kink instability), rendering the field direction at the rope apex almost inverse to the overlying field. As a result, a strong current sheet is formed between the MFR and the overlying flux, and reconnection occurring in this current sheet ruins completely the MFR. | 9 |
a totally integrated system for automatic formation flight control of multiple vehicles not limited to aircraft , helicopters , or space platforms . for instance , the system may be used to control any number of aircraft in a pre - determined flight formation and provide “ positive ” identification , control and discrete communications between any number of vehicles . thus the invention prevents mid - air collisions between vehicles in formation flight . the system generally includes a processor located on the vehicles to enable communications , unique position computations and control messaging between any number of aircraft in formation flight , a communications transceiver located on the vehicle that provides discrete communication links to any number of aircraft in formation flight an autopilot and a display . the processor may take into consideration velocity , direction , winds aloft , wing tip clearance of any number of vehicles . on aircraft , the system will display the current formation and vehicles relative position under control by this invention . the system may be overridden in flight . | 1 |
lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity , high density gas - phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon &# 39 ; s mesoporosity . alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon , as are its application in emission control for vehicles . | 2 |
a set of weighing scales comprising a moving part able to move vertically relative to a fixed part and serving to support the load against the action of an elastic balancing device . its guidance device comprises at least three sets of roller trains extending in radial planes passing through the guidance axis , whereby each roller is mounted loosely on one of the parts in such a way that there is a clearance between its tread and the other part . this guidance device cooperates with at least one anti - gyratory roller extending in a tangential plane and which mounted on loosely mounted on one of the parts and which is positoned with a clearance between the two vertical members of the other part . its indicating device is of the floating type . | 6 |
a Go-based reimplementation of FairMQ | 9 |
a light modulator includes elongated elements and a support structure . the elongated elements are arranged in parallel . each element includes a light reflective planar surface with the light reflective planar surfaces lying in one or more parallel planes . the support structure is coupled to the elongated elements to maintain a position of the elongated elements relative to each other and to enable movement of each elongated element between a first modulator configuration and a second modulator configuration . in the first modulator configuration , the elongated elements act to reflect an incident light as a plane mirror . in the second modulator configuration , selected groups of elements are deflected and act to diffract the incident light along one or more of a plurality of diffraction planes . the groups of elements are configured according to one of a plurality of selectable group configurations . each group configuration corresponds to one of the plurality of diffraction planes . | 6 |
an image forming apparatus includes a developing contrast voltage controller to control a developing contrast voltage so as to obtain a desired image density , a transfer condition controller to control transfer conditions for transferring a toner image , an environment sensor to detect an environment , and a correcting coefficient setting unit to refer to a database for pre - registering correcting coefficients to correct the transfer conditions corresponding to the developing contrast voltage and environment and set the correcting coefficients on the basis of the developing contrast voltage controlled by the developing contrast voltage controller and the environment detected by the environment sensor . | 6 |
Nova Sco 2024 was independently discovered by Andrew Pearce (Nedlands, W. Australia) on 2024 Feb 8.827 UT at magnitude 7.8 and Yukio Sakurai (Mito, Japan) on Feb. 9.836 UT at 7.1 mag (CBET #5346, Atel #16440, #16441, #16442, #16444). | 9 |
the present invention is to provide a notebook having a mechanism for combining a touch pad and a cd - rom drive in which the cd - rom drive disposed on the notebook is combined with the touch pad disposed on a top surface of the cd - rom drive as a unit in order to eliminate the inconvenience of removing the cable and / or one or more peripheral devices in opening a cd - rom drive in the notebook ; save precious internal space of the housing of the notebook ; and provide an aesthetic , circular touch pad assembly . | 6 |
a dispensing device is disclosed which provides for dispensing multiple doses from a cylindrical volume . an actuator button moves a tooth to engage a series of links which move a stopper to dispense the doses . | 0 |
a water spout is capable of providing laminar flowing fluid from a wall - mounted or faucet fixture body . the fixture body defines a cavity and a port for connection of a plumbing supply line . a cartridge assembly is disposed in the body cavity . the cartridge has a housing with an inlet opening and an outlet opening in fluid communication with the port . the cartridge housing contains a plurality of elements between the inlet and outlet openings for smoothing the flow of fluid passing through the cartridge assembly . a nozzle , positioned adjacent the outlet opening of the cartridge , has a sharp - edged orifice through which fluid leaving the fixture can be projected in a single laminar stream . the nozzle can be removed from the fixture body after the fixture body has been mounted for use such that all of the flow smoothing elements can be removed at once by removing the cartridge assembly from the cavity . | 4 |
Context. There is a class of binary post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) stars that exhibit remarkable near-infrared excess. Such stars are surrounded by Keplerian or quasi-Keplerian disks, as well as extended outflows composed of gas escaping from the disk. This class can be subdivided into disk- and outflow-dominated sources, depending on whether it is the disk or the outflow that represents most of the nebular mass, respectively. The chemistry of this type of source has been practically unknown thus far. <BR /> Aims: Our objective is to study the molecular content of nebulae around binary post-AGB stars that show disks with Keplerian dynamics, including molecular line intensities, chemistry, and abundances. <BR /> Methods: We focused our observations on the 1.3, 2, 3 mm bands of the 30mIRAM telescope and on the 7 and 13 mm bands of the 40 m Yebes telescope. Our observations add up ~600 h of telescope time. We investigated the integrated intensities of pairs of molecular transitions for CO, other molecular species, and IRAS fluxes at 12, 25, and 60 μm. Additionally, we studied isotopic ratios, in particular <SUP>17</SUP>O/<SUP>18</SUP>O, to analyze the initial stellar mass, as well as <SUP>12</SUP>CO/<SUP>13</SUP>CO, to study the line and abundance ratios. <BR /> Results: We present the first single-dish molecular survey of mm-wave lines in nebulae around binary post-AGB stars. We conclude that the molecular content is relatively low in nebulae around binary post-AGB stars, as their molecular lines and abundances are especially weaker compared with AGB stars. This fact is very significant in those sources where the Keplerian disk is the dominant component of the nebula. The study of their chemistry allows us to classify nebulae around AC Her, the Red Rectangle, AI CMi, R Sct, and IRAS 20056+1834 as O-rich, while that of 89 Her is probably C-rich. The calculated abundances of the detected species other than CO are particularly low compared with AGB stars. The initial stellar mass derived from the <SUP>17</SUP>O/<SUP>18</SUP>O ratio for the Red Rectangle and 89 Her is compatible with the central total stellar mass derived from previous mm-wave interferometric maps. The very low <SUP>12</SUP>CO/<SUP>13</SUP>CO ratios found in binary post-AGB stars reveal a high <SUP>13</SUP>CO abundance compared to AGB and other post-AGB stars. <P />Spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/659/A134">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/659/A134</A> <P />Based on observations with the 30 m IRAM and the 40 m Yebes telescopes. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). | 9 |
a method for pasteurizing a continuous product chain in a device having an inlet , heat - up , pasteurization , and cooling regions all divided into treatment zones , and a transporter for passing products through these regions includes heating up , pasteurizing , and cooling by heat transfer between the products and a spray medium with which the products are sprayed , for each of the treatment zones , adapting a temperature of the spray medium to cause a desired consequence to heat transfer in the treatment zone , and varying a pasteurization process by changing a volumetric flow rate of the spray medium in at least one treatment zone between a maximum value and a minimum value . | 0 |
systems and methods associated with an intercom system for a drive - through , quick service restaurant facility is disclosed . generally , a plurality of headsets is configured for communication with a base station . a speaker is associated with the drive - through facility is configured to be located near a menu board , and is configured for communication with the base station . a microphone is also configured to be located near the menu board and configured for communication with the base station . a plurality of parameters control the configuration of the intercom system , and the base station is connectable to a wide area communication network to enable remote adjustment of the plurality of parameters . | 7 |
a cavity - preventing type reactor and a method for fabricating a preform for a plastic optical fiber using the same , wherein post - process charging of additional monomer or prepolymer into rotationally - induced central cavities is avoided by forming void - free plastic fibers using special geometric flow controllers combined with special materials combinations , pressures , and rotational techniques . | 1 |
a method of forming a vacuum insulated refrigerator cabinet , the method comprising providing first and second sheets of material . the first sheet of material is thermoformed over a first forming tool forming a first intermediate structure . the first intermediate structure is then thermoformed over a second forming mold to create a second intermediate structure . the second sheet of material is then sealing connected with the second intermediate structure forming an annular space . a vacuum is created in the annular space creating a vacuum insulated cabinet . | 5 |
The mass-luminosity relation for late-type stars has long been a critical tool for estimating stellar masses. However, there is growing need for both a higher-precision relation and a better understanding of systematic effects (e.g., metallicity). Here we present an empirical relationship between {M}<SUB>{K</SUB><SUB>S</SUB>} and M <SUB>*</SUB> spanning 0.075 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> < M <SUB>*</SUB> < 0.70 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. The relation is derived from 62 nearby binaries, whose orbits we determine using a combination of Keck/NIRC2 imaging, archival adaptive optics data, and literature astrometry. From their orbital parameters, we determine the total mass of each system, with a precision better than 1% in the best cases. We use these total masses, in combination with resolved K <SUB> S </SUB> magnitudes and system parallaxes, to calibrate the {M}<SUB>{K</SUB><SUB>S</SUB>}-M <SUB>*</SUB> relation. The resulting posteriors can be used to determine masses of single stars with a precision of 2%-3%, which we confirm by testing the relation on stars with individual dynamical masses from the literature. The precision is limited by scatter around the best-fit relation beyond measured M <SUB>*</SUB> uncertainties, perhaps driven by intrinsic variation in the {M}<SUB>{K</SUB><SUB>S</SUB>}-M <SUB>*</SUB> relation or underestimated uncertainties in the input parallaxes. We find that the effect of [Fe/H] on the {M}<SUB>{K</SUB><SUB>S</SUB>}-M <SUB>*</SUB> relation is likely negligible for metallicities in the solar neighborhood (0.0% ± 2.2% change in mass per dex change in [Fe/H]). This weak effect is consistent with predictions from the Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database, but inconsistent with those from MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (at 5σ). A sample of binaries with a wider range of abundances will be required to discern the importance of metallicity in extreme populations (e.g., in the Galactic halo or thick disk). | 9 |
a passive thermal control enclosure for transporting and storing payloads in earth orbit includes an inner box - like enclosure surrounded by an outer box - like enclosure with insulation in the space between the enclosures . the walls of the inner enclosure are fiber - matrix composite skins with honeycomb sandwiched therebetween . each enclosure has its own door latched closed by releasable latches formed in opposed pairs that can be operated without any net force on the operator . packs of phase change material are placed into the inner enclosure with the payload . the pcm is contained in flexible packages . the packs of pcm are removed when they melt and replaced with fresh packs , and the melted packs preferably are re - frozen on - board the orbiting spacecraft . freezing preferably is carried out such that the freeze front moves substantially in only one direction from one end of the pack to the other . | 5 |
a stable mouth wash or dentifrice composition containing stabilized chlorine dioxide and phosphates is disclosed for reducing the motility of and killing microbial pathogens . the preferred concentration ranges are between about 0 . 005 %- 0 . 5 % chlorine dioxide , and between about 0 . 02 %- 3 . 0 % phosphate . the phosphate retards escape of chlorine dioxide in the ph range typically found in a mouth . | 0 |
a ventilated animal cage system is provided in which a plurality of animal cages are removably suspended on shelves of a portable rack . each shelf is hollow to form an air duct that is in communication with the cages suspended therefrom , thus minimizing the possibility of cross - contamination between animals in the cages and personnel in the laboratory room . | 0 |
the addition of a mixture of sodium silicate and a nonionic surfactant to a pre - concrete mix results in concrete having greater compressive strength . when the mix additionally contains sawdust and clay , light weight , insulative building material , which applicant calls insul - wood , is provided . | 2 |
an incubator is provided with an inlet , a measurement station and an outlet for chemical analysis slides , and a number of levers or pushing devices for stepwisely circulating the slides through the apparatus . the device is useful for uniformly incubating a plurality of chemical analysis slides or the like according to a continuous , rather than batch , process . | 8 |
an electronically controlled breast pump for generating cyclical suction includes a cumulative vacuum pump and a plurality of switches including at least an expression mode cycle time selection switch , a peak vacuum level selection switch , and a stimulation mode switch . a controller coupled to the cumulative vacuum pump controls the apparatus which optionally further includes a four - layer assembly of the various features , an adjustable safety valve , and / or a pump head with a groove traversing top dead center of the pump head . | 0 |
a lighting fixture for use in therapeutic treatment having a lamphousing with a plurality of lamps located therein which are simultaneously moved within the lighting fixture lamp housing for adjusting the focal point of the lamps by moving a single control handle which is also used to adjust the position of the lamp housing itself . the single control handle is detachable so that it can be sterilized and thereby allowing for sterile conditions to be maintained each time the lighting fixture is used . | 8 |
a hog farrowing system for use in a cold environment includes a building providing protection from weather elements . the farrowing boxes have an entrance to permit free ingress and egress of female hogs but restrain the piglets . an alley is provided outside the boxes for the female hogs to defecate , urinate , and move to feed and water stations outside the boxes . the boxes have sides which define an inner chamber , a heat system , bedding for the female hogs to nest , and insulation covering an open top during cold environment conditions . the method utilizes the steps of promoting the female hog to utilize natural instincts , promoting the female hog to give birth to piglets close to the heat source , and protecting the piglets from crushing by using a creep area , anti - crush rods and anti - crush boards . the farrowing boxes can be modified for use in a warm season . | 0 |
in a co - rotational scroll apparatus having two interleaving scroll wraps secured to end plates rotating about parallel , non - concentric axes to produce a relative orbital motion , a coupling for causing concurrent rotation and for enhancing the nutational stability of the scroll element . in the preferred embodiment , the nutation reducing means is comprised of an oldham - type coupling engaging extension members on one of the scroll end plates and drive keys on the other respective end plate . the angular disposition thereof is optimized to cause the oldham coupling to generate during rotation a moderating moment load in opposition to the tipping moment load of at least one of the scroll elements and thereby enhance the nutational stability of the scroll elements . the moderating moment load of the coupling imposed on the scroll elements may be altered by varying the angular and radial disposition of the center of gravity of the coupling . | 5 |
We study spatially resolved properties (on spatial scales of ~1-2 kpc out to at least 3 effective radii) of the stars, dust, and gas in 10 nearby spiral galaxies. The properties of the stellar population and dust are derived by fitting the spatially resolved spectral energy distribution (SED) with more than 20 photometric bands ranging from far-ultraviolet to far-infrared. Our newly developed software piXedfit performs point-spread function matching of images, pixel binning, and models the stellar light, dust attenuation, dust emission, and emission from a dusty torus heated by an active galactic nucleus simultaneously through the energy-balance approach. With this self-consistent analysis, we present the spatially resolved version of the IRX-β relation, finding that it is consistent with the relationship from the integrated photometry. We show that the old stellar populations contribute to the dust heating, which causes an overestimation of the star formation rate (SFR) derived from the total ultraviolet and infrared luminosities on kiloparsec scales. With archival high-resolution maps of atomic and molecular gas, we study the radial variation of the properties of the stellar populations (including stellar mass, age, metallicity, and SFR), dust (including dust mass, dust temperature, and abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon), and gas, as well as dust-to-stellar mass and dust-to-gas mass ratios. We observe a depletion of the molecular gas mass fraction in the central region of the majority of the galaxies, suggesting that the lack of available fuel is an important factor in suppressing the specific SFR at the center. | 9 |
methods and systems for weight - based identification of three dimensional printed parts . various embodiments disclosed herein may permit reliable processing of 3d printed parts to effectively scale a 3d printing service to large volumes of orders for 3d printed parts . | 1 |
there is provided a method of manufacturing a multilayer ceramic substrate , the method including : providing a non - sintered multilayer ceramic substrate having a plurality of low temperature sintering green sheets laminated therein ; disposing a hard - to - sinter constraining green sheet on at least one of top and bottom surfaces of the non - sintered multilayer ceramic substrate ; sintering the non - sintered multilayer ceramic substrate having the hard - to - sinter constraining layer disposed thereon ; immersing the sintered multilayer ceramic substrate into an acidic solution ; and activating a contact between the hard - to - sinter constraining layer and the acidic solution such that the hard - to - sinter constraining layer is removed . | 7 |
the invention relates to a pricking device for taking a blood sample , comprising a movable holding device for pricking means , a linear guide element for guiding the movable holding device , means for driving the movable holding device and a release device for releasing the pricking movement of the pricking means . when the release device has been manually actuated , the movable holding device can be moved in a translatory manner by the drive means . said drive means comprise a curved path in which the movable holding means is directly engaged , enabling the pricking device to have a particularly simple structure . | 0 |
in an apparatus wherein a plastic blow molding machine is operated to make hollow containers which are discharged and fall by gravity out of the machine wherein an endless moving conveyor which includes closely spaced vacuum cups is provided and positioned such that a reach of the conveyor is positioned horizontally and such that the vacuum cups face upwardly to grab and hold the plastic containers as they are discharged such that containers are held in axial alignment and circumferential orientation to one another . | 8 |
a fiber management component includes a housing having an interior , a floor in the interior and a first wall having an aperture communicating with the interior . a platform is connected to the housing , which platform has a first portion with a bore that has a first end facing the aperture and a second portion forming a channel extending toward the bore . the channel is configured to releasably secure a spring push of a fiber optic connector to the platform and the bore is configured to slidably support a ferrule of a fiber optic connector . | 6 |
a pointer instrument having a connecting sleeve which holds an essentially transparent pointer , and an illuminating means that radiates directly into a f lag of the pointer the connecting sleeve having conductors , 18 ) and contact surfaces of conductive plastic . at its end facing away from the pointer , the connecting sleeve has connecting contacts for making contact with a power supply of a circuit board . | 8 |
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