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We report on the discovery of a new member of the magnetar class, SGR J1935+2154, and on its timing and spectral properties measured by an extensive observational campaign carried out between 2014 July and 2015 March with Chandra and XMM-Newton (11 pointings). We discovered the spin period of SGR J1935+2154 through the detection of coherent pulsations at a period of about 3.24 s. The magnetar is slowing down at a rate of dot{P} = 1.43(1)× 10^{-11} s s<SUP>-1</SUP> and with a decreasing trend due to a negative ddot{P} of -3.5(7) × 10<SUP>-19</SUP> s s<SUP>-2</SUP>. This implies a surface dipolar magnetic field strength of ∼2.2 × 10<SUP>14</SUP> G, a characteristic age of about 3.6 kyr and a spin-down luminosity L<SUB>sd</SUB> ∼1.7 × 10<SUP>34</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The source spectrum is well modelled by a blackbody with temperature of about 500 eV plus a power-law component with photon index of about 2. The source showed a moderate long-term variability, with a flux decay of about 25 per cent during the first four months since its discovery, and a re-brightening of the same amount during the second four months. The X-ray data were also used to study the source environment. In particular, we discovered a diffuse emission extending on spatial scales from about 1 arcsec up to at least 1 arcmin around SGR J1935+2154 both in Chandra and XMM-Newton data. This component is constant in flux (at least within uncertainties) and its spectrum is well modelled by a power-law spectrum steeper than that of the pulsar. Though a scattering halo origin seems to be more probable we cannot exclude that part, or all, of the diffuse emission is due to a pulsar wind nebula. | 9 |
a mass spectrometer comprising an ionization means for ionizing sample compounds to be analyzed mass spectro - scopically in an atmospheric pressure , a sample solution supply means for supplying a solution containing the sample compounds to the ionization means , means for feeding the ions formed by the ionization means through an aperture disposed in an electrode into a vacuum region and a ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for mass spectroscopically analyzing ions entered through the aperture into the vacuum region , in which an ion decelerating electric field forming means is disposed between the electrode disposed with the aperture and an electrode disposed with an ion entrance opening for entering the ions into the ion trap type mass spectroscopic means for forming an electric field for decelerating the ions , and the ions injected to the ion trap mass spectroscopic means is lowered . this facilitates accumulation ions in the ion trap mass spectralyzing means even if a high drift voltage is used thereby enabling high sensitivity analysis for polar compounds such as peptides . | 7 |
an inhalation apparatus for medicinal use which will deliver aerosolized medication to the patient that comprises up to about 80 % of the medication aerosolized in essentially the same particle size distribution of the aerosol mist that originates from the nebulizer which produces the mist . the apparatus also provides delivered dose consistency over a wide range of patient breathing parameters . | 8 |
substances isolated after cultivation of a microorganism belonging to the genus aspergillus in a culture medium comprise compounds which have structures : ## str1 ## together with salts and esters of the carboxylic acid , these compounds form a class of highly active hypocholesteremic and hypolipemic medicaments . | 2 |
the present invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing a one - piece lc type optical fiber adapter , more particularly to a method that is simpler and easier to assemble the lc type optical fiber adapter . | 6 |
a process is disclosed for the production of an alkyl glycoside stable in hue and odor , which comprises the steps of reacting a sugar with alcohol to obtain an alkyl glycoside reaction product containing a higher alcohol , decoloring the alkyl glycoside reaction product with hydrogen peroxide , contacting the decolored alkyl glycoside with a metal / hydrogen complex represented by formula m . sub . z wherein m is an alkali metal , ca , zn or 4 n ; and z is 1 when m is an alkali metal or 4 n and z is 2 when m is ca or zn ; to substantially eliminate residual hydrogen peroxide , and then decomposing the remaining metal / hydrogen complex with an acid . | 2 |
a device for rerouting the report call of an alarm system to another telephone number through the interruption of the alarm system &# 39 ; s out - dialing process , includes two electronically controlled switching devices that allow the device to momentarily isolate the alarm from the phone line . switches are operated under microprocessor control , for causing dialing of the new phone number by the generation of dtmf tones by a dtmf generator operating under microprocessor control . triggering of the report call rerouting process is keyed to the presence of two conditions : one being loss of voltage from the handset lines , and the other being presence of dialing activity , either dtmf tones or pulse - dialing pulses on the telephone line . the device will reset itself after the telephone has been held in the on - hook condition for a predetermined interval by the alarm system , to allow the device to reroute subsequent report call attempts if initial attempts to connect are unsuccessful . | 7 |
The distribution of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a critical role in how galaxies evolve. The MUSE-ALMA Haloes survey combines MUSE, ALMA, and HST observations to constrain the properties of the multiphase gas in the CGM and the galaxies associated with the gas probed in absorption. In this paper, we analyse the properties of galaxies associated with 32 strong ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ Ly-α absorbers at redshift 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 1.4. We detect 79 galaxies within ±500 kms<SUP>-1</SUP> of the absorbers in our 19 MUSE fields. These associated galaxies are found at physical distances from 5.7 kpc and reach star formation rates as low as 0.1 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. The significant number of associated galaxies allows us to map their physical distribution on the Δv and b plane. Building on previous studies, we examine the physical and nebular properties of these associated galaxies and find the following: (i) 27/32 absorbers have galaxy counterparts and more than 50 per cent of the absorbers have two or more associated galaxies, (ii) the ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ column density of absorbers is anticorrelated with the impact parameter (scaled by virial radius) of the nearest galaxy as expected from simulations, (iii) the metallicity of associated galaxies is typically larger than the absorber metallicity, which decreases at larger impact parameters. It becomes clear that while strong ${\rm H\, {\small I}}$ absorbers are typically associated with more than a single galaxy, we can use them to statistically map the gas and metal distribution in the CGM. | 9 |
a pop noise removing circuit for a double deck cassette tape recorder , which can thoroughly remove the pop noise occurring during the actuation of two deck leaf switches to drive deck motors . the circuit comprises means detecting on - off operation of the deck leaf switches and generating control signals in response to the on - off operation of the deck leaf switches , and means for muting left and right channel output signals from a head switching integrated circuit in dependence upon the control signals generated by the detecting means . | 6 |
We present the results of a molecular survey of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko undertaken with the Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m radio telescope in November-December 2021, when it had its most favourable apparition in decades. Observations at IRAM 30-m during the 12-16 November period covered 8 GHz bandwidth at 3 mm, 16 GHz at 2 mm, and 60 GHz in the 1 mm window domain. These were completed by snapshots at 1 mm on 12-13 December and a short observation of the H<SUB>2</SUB>O line at 557 GHz with the Odin sub-millimetre observatory on 17.0 November 2021, and with 18-cm observations of OH with the Nançay radio telescope. Less sensitive observations obtained at a previous perihelion passage on 18-22 September 2015 with IRAM and 9-12 November 2015 with Odin are also presented. The gas outflow velocity, outgassing pattern, and temperature have been accurately constrained by the observations. They are perfectly consistent with those measured in situ with the Rosetta/MIRO sub-millimetre instrument in 2015. In particular, the asymmetry of the line is well represented by a jet concentrating three-quarters of the outgassing in about π steradians. We derived abundances relative to water for seven molecules and significant upper limits for approximately five others. The retrieved abundances were compared to those measured in situ at the previous perihelion with Rosetta. While those of HCN, CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH, and HNCO are comparable, 67P is found to be depleted in H<SUB>2</SUB>S and relatively normal in CS (H<SUB>2</SUB>S/CS ≈ 3) in strong contradiction with the Rosetta/ROSINA mass spectrometer measurement of the H<SUB>2</SUB>S/CS<SUB>2</SUB> (≈100) abundance ratio. While the formaldehyde total abundance found with IRAM 30-m when assuming it to be mostly produced by a distributed source (Haser parent scale length ≈8000 km) is similar to the one derived by Rosetta/ROSINA, we find that the formaldehyde coming from the nucleus is one order of magnitude less abundant than measured in situ by Rosetta/ROSINA. <P />The radio spectra are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/672/A170">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/672/A170</A> | 9 |
a laser beam projecting device , comprising a laser light source for emitting a laser beam , a wavelength selecting film for allowing the laser beam from the laser light source to . pass , and a birefringent optical member arranged on an optical axis closer to an exit side than the wavelength selecting film , wherein the wavelength selecting film is tilted so that an incident angle of the laser beam is in a range of 45 ° to 80 °. | 6 |
an image information reading device is provided , which includes a scanner for reading image information and a scanner guide for guiding the scanner . the scanner has a light source , a line sensor for receiving beams of light reflected by an object to be read from beams of light emitted by the light source to generate image information as the scanner is moved and the object to be read is scanned in a vertical scanning direction orthogonal to a horizontal scanning direction of the line sensor . the scanner guide is formed with a guide frame portion which abuts the scanner . the guide frame portion has first and second straight portions formed respectively along the horizontal and vertical scanning directions of the scanner in correspondence with the range which can be read by the scanner and comprises a transparent flat plate portion formed between the first and second straight portions . the scanner is manually moved in the vertical scanning direction along the second straight portion on a flat surface portion of the scanner guide to read the image information on the object to be read . | 7 |
a compression hypodermic syringe is disclosed wherein two leaves are hinged together . one leaf contains a receptacle for a collapsible capsule which contains a pre - measured dose of medication . the second leaf has a structure that acts as a plunger when the second leaf is folded over the first leaf . a double ended hypodermic needle is provided that has one end that pierces a membrane on the collapsible capsule and a second end that is exposed for insertion into a patient when the two leaves are folded together . | 0 |
disclosed herein is an integrated direct - current based uninterrupted power supply system connected to an ac power input and a server or a computer , comprising : an ac adapter / charger unit for providing power the system and charging an energy storage unit ; the energy store unit for monitoring , controlling and powering the system , and communicating the powering & amp ; battery capacity status with the server or computer , and a dc - to - dc converter circuit for providing multiple dc voltage rails . | 7 |
visual artifacts , normally characteristic of interpolated images , are minimized by a method of adaptive interpolation in which pixel values of a current line to be interpolated are determined from respective values of vertically adjacent pixels of adjacent lines in a current field . the values are adaplively weighted according to one or more gradients of respectively located pixel values of one or more temporally adjacent fields thereby providing an interpolated image having improved sharpness , no temporal lag , and no switching artifacts . | 7 |
the invention relates to a cleaning implement having a cavity dimensioned to allow selective removal and reinsertion of an insertable pad , such as melamine . the cavity is constructed and arranged to frictionally engage the insertable pad . the cleaning implement may include a two part holding member incorporating both a fluid retention and non - fluid retention element allowing for versatility in cleaning . | 0 |
a kit to facilitate self - placement of an incontinence prevention device within the urethra includes a deployment base member , a deployment tube , a deployment pusher along with the incontinence prevention device in a sterile pack . the base member includes a rigid shaft of a predetermined length having a finger grip member at one end and a hook member at its opposite end . the shaft of the base member is adapted to fit through the lumen of the deployment tube with the hook projecting out from a proximal end of the deployment tube and with the hook engaging a retention loop on the incontinence prevention device when in its sterile package . upon removal of the kit components , the deployment tube is slid off the deployment base member and , in doing so , the incontinence prevention device becomes loaded into the deployment tube . the pusher is then used to urge the incontinence prevention device from the deployment tube into the urethra . | 8 |
the present invention relates to a flap which applies elastic pressure to the tape which runs in a video tape cassette and its installing structure . the flap is formed by coating its both sides which use a pet film as the base with a composite containing a carbon black lubricant and a fitting method is adopted to install the flap . | 6 |
a digital circuit interrupter containing radio frequency sensitive electronic equipment employs an electrically - insulative enclosure having a conductive coating on the exterior surface . the enclosure is inserted within the circuit interrupter enclosure during automated assembly of the circuit interrupter components . | 7 |
embodiments described herein are directed to generating a variable data image using a variable data image generator . the variable data image generator assigns a variable identifier to a specified location in a 3d scene to identify the specified location as being variable and populate the 3d scene with a component at the specified location based on the variable identifier and in response to a predefined populating rule . the predefined populating rule is applied based on an attribute of a recipient for which a static image of the 3d scene is to be generated . the component is selected and inserted at the specified location in accordance with the populating rule and with a perspective substantially matching a perspective of the specified location . the variable data generator outputs the static image of the 3d scene for the recipient , wherein the static image includes the component . | 6 |
servo circuitry is disclosed that is configured to operate with a magnetic disk drive system . the servo circuitry is comprised of a first servo detector system , a second servo detector system , and a comparator . the first servo detector system and the second servo detector system each receive samples , taken from a read signal , that include servo data . the first servo detector system compares the samples to a plurality of servo codes to generate a first selected code . the second servo detector system compares a first shifted version of the samples to the plurality of servo codes to generate a second selected code . the comparator receives the selected codes and selects one of the selected codes . the selected code represents the servo data . the servo circuitry could also include a third servo detector system that operates on a second shifted version of the samples . alternatively , the first servo detector system , the second servo detector system , and the third servo detector system could each be programmed with different servo codes . the first servo detector system compares the samples to a plurality of first servo codes . the second servo detector system compares the samples to a plurality of second servo codes . the third servo detector system compares the samples to a plurality of third servo codes . the second servo codes and the third servo codes are shifted versions of the first servo codes . in either embodiment , the servo circuitry advantageously has improved phase shift tolerance . | 6 |
the present invention relates to spray - dried compositions capable of retaining volatile compounds and methods relating to the same . the present invention also relates to the powders produced by such methods . | 0 |
We introduce a dust model for cosmological simulations implemented in the moving-mesh code AREPO and present a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations to study dust formation within galactic haloes. Our model accounts for the stellar production of dust, accretion of gas-phase metals on to existing grains, destruction of dust through local supernova activity, and dust driven by winds from star-forming regions. We find that accurate stellar and active galactic nuclei feedback is needed to reproduce the observed dust-metallicity relation and that dust growth largely dominates dust destruction. Our simulations predict a dust content of the interstellar medium which is consistent with observed scaling relations at z = 0, including scalings between dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity, dust mass and gas mass, dust-to-gas ratio and stellar mass, and dust-to-stellar mass ratio and gas fraction. We find that roughly two-thirds of dust at z = 0 originated from Type II supernovae, with the contribution from asymptotic giant branch stars below 20 per cent for z ≳ 5. While our suite of Milky Way-sized galaxies forms dust in good agreement with a number of key observables, it predicts a high dust-to-metal ratio in the circumgalactic medium, which motivates a more realistic treatment of thermal sputtering of grains and dust cooling channels. | 9 |
a scroll - type fluid displacement apparatus includes a pair of scrolls having a circular end plate and a spiral wrap extending from an axial end surface of the circular end plate . a pair of scrolls is maintained at an angular and radial offset to make a plurality of line contacts between the spiral curved surfaces , which define fluid pockets . a driving mechanism is operatively connected to one of the scrolls to effect relative orbital motion with respect to the other scrolls to thereby change the volume of the fluid pockets . the spiral element of each scroll member has a stepped cross - section . as a result , the mechanical strength of the spiral elements of the scroll member of the fluid displacement apparatus is increased and the fluid displacement apparatus has increased durability and efficiency . | 5 |
a method for producing a field effect transistor , in which a plurality of layers are in each case deposited , planarized and etched back , in particular a gate electrode layer , is disclosed . this method allows the manufacturing of transistors having outstanding electrical properties and having outstanding reproducibility . | 7 |
an intubating lma construction features a rigid airway tube wherein curvature in a single plane establishes essentially an arcuate path of angular extent in the preferred range of 130 °, plus or minus 5 °, which i have found to be in substantial anatomical conformance with the adult human &# 39 ; s airway path , between a proximal end of the arc at substantial register with the longitudinal midpoint of the hard palate , and a distal end that faces and is at short offset from the glottic aperture , it being understood that my findings apply to suitably quantified allowance for variations in patient - head anatomy , as is for example customary for different sizes of lma devices , each of which is adapted to serve one of five selected patient - size ranges . the proximal end of the rigid tube is suitably a short straight portion which is tangentially and integrally related to the proximal end of the arc . and the distal end of the arc is fitted with flexible mask structure of preferably elastomeric material such as silicone rubber , wherein an internal ramp formation within the mask structure assures a limited but important measure of further and stabilized guidance of an et which has emerged from the distal end of the rigid tube , such that unguided displacement of the et is oriented to target safe entry of the et into the glottic opening . | 0 |
a magnetoelastic sensor . the magnetoelastic sensor uses strain - induced magnetic anisotropy to measure the tension or compression present in a plate . during construction , an annular region of the plate is magnetized with a circumferential magnetization . magnetic field sensors are placed near this magnetized band at locations where the magnetization direction is non - parallel and non - perpendicular to the axis of tension . the strain - induced magnetic anisotropy caused by tension or compression then produces a shift in the magnetization direction in the plate regions near the field sensors , thereby causing magnetic field changes which are detected by the magnetic field sensors . the magnetic field sensors are connected to an electronic circuit which outputs a voltage signal which indicates the tension or compression in the plate . | 6 |
a technique is described whereby a continuous wave radar transmitting a carrier with wide band modulation may be arranged adaptively to null large clutter returns from clutter at any range or azimuth . | 6 |
the invention relates to a method for correcting a position of a vehicle using a global satellite navigation system for determining the own position , comprising the following steps : establishing a first position of the with the gnss , establishing a second position of the vehicle by fitting the first position into a street of a digital map , identifying at least one object in the surroundings of the vehicle , the position of which is referenceable in the digital map , establishing a real distance between the vehicle and the respective object by means of a sensor of the vehicle , calculating a calculated distance between the second position and the respective object , wherein a corrected position of the vehicle is established by minimizing the deviation of the calculated distance from the real distance . | 6 |
a video camera of the type in which the camera head is detached from the camera control unit , and coupled to the same with a cable is provided . the driving circuitry for the imager is situated at the camera head . compensation circuitry is included to adjust the phase relationship between the timing signals passed to and from the camera control unit over the cable to at least partly compensate for delay through the cable . | 7 |
We report on the discovery of an apparent triple radio structure hidden inside the radio bubble of the ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg II X-1. The morphology is consistent with a collimated jet structure, which is observed to emit optically thin synchrotron radiation. The central component has a steep radio spectrum and is brighter than the outer components indicating a renewed radio activity. We estimate a minimum time-averaged jet power of ∼2 × 10<SUP>39</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> that is associated with a time-averaged isotropic X-ray luminosity of at least 4 × 10<SUP>39</SUP> erg s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Our results suggest that Holmberg II X-1 is powered by a black hole of M<SUB>BH</SUB> ≥ 25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, that is inferred to be accreting at a high Eddington rate with intermittent radio activity. | 9 |
the present invention is a serving tray with an ergonomically designed handle which can be selectively attached and detached to the bottom of a serving tray . the handle interlock system improves the stability of the tray lessening the risk of accident due to unbalanced loads or load instability . the orientation of the handle and the handling posture of the tray engage two strong elbow flexor muscles and increase muscle strength . in addition , the handling posture reduces the risk of tendonitis and carpal tunnel syndrome which results from wrist flexing and applied force associated with traditional tray handling and carrying posture . | 8 |
a tension mechanism for a robotically - controlled medical device measures the tension applied to an actuation tendon to provide feedback to a robotic controller . in one embodiment , the device comprises an elongated instrument , an elongated member , and a base . the elongated member is coupled to the distal end of the elongated instrument , configured to actuate the distal end of the elongated instrument in response to tension in the elongated member . the base is located at the proximal end of the elongated instrument , and comprises a first redirect surface that redirects the elongated member . the first redirect surface is coupled to a lever element that is configured to exert a reactive force on a sensor in response to tension in the elongated member . | 0 |
relevant codes are l2_met/airglowOE.py and l2_met/run_airglowOE.py | 9 |
The characterization of objects that have best preserved the mineralogical and molecular phases formed in the earliest stages of the Solar System evolution is key to understanding the processes that led to the formation of the planets in their diversity. The Hayabusa2 mission of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has returned for the first time samples collected at the surface of a C-type asteroid, Ryugu<SUP>1,2</SUP>. They are now preserved at the Extraterrestrial Samples Curation Center of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science in Sagamihara, Japan, where they are submitted to a first round of purely non-destructive analyses. The MicrOmega hyperspectral microscope developed at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (Orsay, France), which operates in the near-infrared range (0.99-3.65 µm), is performing their mineralogical and molecular characterization down to the scale of a few tens of micrometres. Strong features at 2.7 µm (indicating their OH-rich content) and at 3.4 µm (diagnostic of the presence of organics) dominate at a global scale, but key distinctive signatures have been identified at a submillimetre scale. In particular, carbonates (a fraction of them enriched in iron) as well as NH-rich compounds have been detected. The occurrence of volatile-rich species, likely originating from the outer Solar System, would support Ryugu having preserved both pristine material and altered phases, which are now available for refined laboratory analyses with the potential to draw new insights into the formation and evolution paths of planetary bodies in our Solar System. | 9 |
a surgical instrument and method is provided for creating and preparing a cavity in a bony intervertebral body . asymmetrical cutting structures selectively open a cavity which has a relatively large surface area in the vertical direction . one method pertains to the treatment of a vertebral compression fracture . | 0 |
a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the inner surface of an oil or gas production tubing is disclosed . the cleaning apparatus includes a tubular body , one or more cleaning elements mounted on the outer surface of the body and an elastically deformable stabiliser . the elastically deformable stabiliser is rotatably mounted on the body to centralise the apparatus in the tubing whilst also allowing the body to pass though areas of reduced diameter in the production tubing . preferably , there are a pair of spaced apart stabilisers having a web arrangement of spars with a flange at each end . | 4 |
a detector for gas chromatography using two ionization sources within a single body to separately provide ionization energy to a column gas eluent to provide electrical discharge to two or more collecting electrodes provides improved selectivity and may be so used . use is made of combined bias / collecting electrodes . the use of two ionization sources permits generation of two detector outputs from within a common body and of a common constituent flow . the ionization sources and any applicable discharge gas and dopant may be selected based on desired selectivity . | 6 |
We study radio and X-ray emissions from IMBHs and explore the unified model for accretion and ejection processes. The radio band survey of IMBH (candidate) hosted galaxies indicates that only a small fraction ($\sim$0.6\%) of them are radio-band active. In addition, very long baseline interferometry observations reveal parsec-scale radio emission of IMBHs, further resulting in a lower fraction of actively ejecting objects (radio emission is produced by IMBHs other than hosts), which is consistent with a long quiescent state in the evolution cycle of IMBHs. Most (75\%, i.e., 3 out of 4 samples according to a recent mini-survey) of the radio-emitting IMBHs are associated with radio relics and there is also evidence of dual radio blobs from episodic ejecting phases. Taking the radio emission and the corresponding core X-ray emission of IMBH, we confirm a universal fundamental plane relation (FMP) of black hole activity. Furthermore, state transitions can be inferred by comparing a few cases in XRBs and IMBHs in FMP, i.e., both radio luminosity and emission regions evolve along these state transitions. These signatures and evidence suggest an analogy among all kinds of accretion systems which span from stellar mass to supermassive black holes, hinting at unified accretion and ejection physics. To validate the unified model, we explore the correlation between the scale of outflows (corresponding to ejection powers) and the masses of central engines; it shows that the largest scale of outflows $\hat{LS}_\mathrm{out}$ follows a power-law correlation with the masses of accretors $M_\mathrm{core}$, i.e., $\log{\hat{LS}_\mathrm{out}} = (0.73\pm0.01)\log{M_\mathrm{core}} - (3.34\pm0.10)$. In conclusion, this work provides evidence to support the claim that the ejection (and accretion) process behaves as scale-invariant and their power is regulated by the masses of accretors. | 9 |
a method for forming energy absorbing components for motor vehicles includes mixing a polymeric resin and blowing agent combination . the combination is heated , liquefied , and pressurized . a mold for receiving the liquefied combination is pre - cooled . the liquefied combination is injection molded in the mold to form the energy absorbing component . | 1 |
We present new ALMA Band 8 (rest-frame $90 \ \mu$m) continuum observations of three massive ($M_\star \approx 10^{10}\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$) galaxies at z ≈ 7 previously detected in [C II]$158 \ \mu$m and underlying dust continuum emission in the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS). We detect dust emission from two of our targets in Band 8 (REBELS-25 and REBELS-38), while REBELS-12 remains undetected. Through optically thin modified blackbody fitting, we determine dust temperatures of $T_\mathrm{dust}\approx 30-35\,$ K in both of the dual-band detected targets, indicating they are colder than most known galaxies at z ~ 7. Moreover, their inferred dust masses are large ($M_\mathrm{dust}\approx 10^{8}\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$), albeit still consistent with models of high-redshift dust production. We furthermore target and detect [O III]$88 \ \mu$m emission in both REBELS-12 and REBELS-25, and find $L_\mathrm{[O\, III]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, II]}\approx 1-1.5$ - low compared to the $L_\mathrm{[O\, \rm{\small III}]}/L_\mathrm{[C\, \rm{\small II}]}\gtrsim 2-10$ observed in the known z ≳ 6 population thus far. We argue the lower line ratios are due to a comparatively weaker ionizing radiation field resulting from the less starbursty nature of our targets, although the possibility of REBELS-12 being a merger of an [O III]-bright and [O III]-faint component prevents the unambiguous interpretation of its [O III]/[C II] ratio. Nevertheless, a low burstiness forms a natural explanation for the cold dust temperatures and low $\mathrm{[O\, \rm{\small III}]}\lambda \lambda 4959,5007+\mathrm{H} \, \beta$ equivalent widths of REBELS-25 and REBELS-38. Overall, these observations provide evidence for the existence of a massive, dust-rich galaxy population at z ≈ 7 which has previously experienced vigorous star formation, but is currently forming stars in a steady, as opposed to bursty, manner. | 9 |
We present observations of the <SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>1</SUB>-<SUP>3</SUP>P<SUB>0</SUB> fine-structure line of atomic carbon using the ASTE 10m sub-mm telescope towards RCW 38, the youngest super star cluster in the Milky Way. The detected [C I] emission is compared with the CO J = 1-0 image cube presented in Fukui et al. (2016, ApJ, 820, 26) which has an angular resolution of 40<SUP>″</SUP> (∼0.33 pc). The overall distribution of the [C I] emission in this cluster is similar to that of the <SUP>13</SUP>CO emission. The optical depth of the [C I] emission was found to be τ = 0.1-0.6, suggesting mostly optically thin emission. An empirical conversion factor from the [C I] integrated intensity to the H<SUB>2</SUB> column density was estimated as X<SUB>[C I]</SUB> $= 6.3 \times 10 ^{20}\:$ cm<SUP>-2</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-1</SUP> s (for visual extinction: A<SUB>V</SUB> ≤ 10 mag) and 1.4 × 10<SUP>21</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-1</SUP> s (for A<SUB>V</SUB> of 10-100 mag). The column density ratio of the [C I] to CO (N<SUB>[C I]</SUB> $/N_{\rm CO}$ ) was derived as ∼0.1 for A<SUB>V</SUB> of 10-100 mag, which is consistent with that of the Orion cloud presented in Ikeda et al. (2002, ApJ, 571, 560). However, our results cover an A<SUB>V</SUB> regime of up to 100 mag, which is wider than the coverage found in Orion, which reaches up to ∼60 mag. Such a high [C I] $/$ CO ratio in a high-A<SUB>V</SUB> region is difficult to explain via the plane-parallel photodissociation region model, which predicts that this ratio is close to 0 due to the heavy shielding of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Our results suggest that the molecular gas in this cluster is highly clumpy, allowing deep penetration of UV radiation even at averaged A<SUB>V</SUB> values of 100 mag. Recent theoretical works have presented models consistent with such clumped gas distribution with a sub-pc clump size (e.g., Tachihara et al. 2018, arXiv:1811.02224). | 9 |
the present invention relates generally to a new apparatus and method for forming cavities in semiconductor substrates without the necessity of using an insert . more particularly , the invention encompasses an apparatus and a method for fabricating cavities in semiconductor substrates wherein a cured thick compressible elastic pad is placed over the cavity prior to lamination and caused to conform to the contour of the cavity , thus preventing collapse of , or damage to , the cavity shelves or corners during the lamination process . after the lamination process , the cured thick compressible elastic pad is conveniently removed from the cavity area without causing any damage to the cavity shelves or corners or having any paste pull - outs . this pad can be reused multiple number of times to form these mlc cavity substrates . | 1 |
this invention relates to a programmable logic controller inputs - outputs system comprising a processing unit provided with a memory and at least one inputs - outputs coupler provided with a coupler memory and forming the link between sensors and pre - actuators and the processing unit characterized in that exchanges between the processing unit memory and each coupler memory are structured by logical channels carrying out a job function and grouping all or some physical channels of a coupler and in that the memory of the processing unit contains objects related to each logical channel that form a data structure with standardized contents , these objects being exchanged with the coupler memory through a user program by means of an instruction set . | 6 |
a coin box monitoring circuit for use in pay telephones , providing coin detection , coin volume totalization , and full coin box signaling to the telephone central office . an included coin chute assembly has three channels that cause nickels , dimes , and quarters to pass through specific locations within each channel . light sources and light detectors detect the passage of coins . a microprocessor is utilized to control the light sources , monitor the detectors , and volumetrically count the coins passing through the coin chute . on reaching a full condition , a microprocessor then controls a relay to signal that the predetermined coin box level has been reached . | 7 |
an exercise device for simulating several outdoor sports is made portable and convenient by using a rectangular frame with parallel rails and two roller members which can move independently along the rails to simulate skiing or together as a rowing seat and handle members cooperate with the respective exercise . | 0 |
a method of joining metal and metal , or metal and ceramic parts , wherein a first metal part is selected and then processed to form a bond coat that will effectively bond to a sealing material which in turn bonds to a second metal or ceramic part without degrading under the operating conditions of electrochemical devices . preferred first metal parts include alumina forming alloys from the group consisting of ferritic stainless steels , austinetic stainless steels , and superalloys , and chromia forming alloys formed of ferritic stainless steels . in the case of chromia forming ferritic stainless steels , this bond coat consists of a thin layer of alumina formed on the surface , with a diffusion layer between the first metal part and this thin layer . the bond coat provides a good bonding surface for a sealing layer of glass , braze or combinations thereof , while at the same time the diffusion layer provides a durable bond between the thin alumina layer and the first metal part . in the case of alumina forming alloys , the bond coat consists of cauliflower - like growths of an aluminum oxide nodules embedded in the surface of the alumina forming alloys . | 8 |
a device and method for monitoring a high - pressure pump in a turbomachine fuel supply circuit by detecting opening of a pressurizing and shut - off valve mounted on an outlet side of a fuel flow regulating valve , by measuring rotational speed of the turbomachine corresponding to the opening of the pressurizing and cut - off valve , and by monitoring change in a value of the rotational speed to propose replacement of the high - pressure pump when the measure value rotational speed reaches a predetermined threshold . | 5 |
a method and a circuit for scrambling an rsa - crt algorithm calculation by an electronic circuit , in which a result is obtained from two modular exponentiation calculations , each providing a partial result , and from a recombination step , and in which a first step adds a digital quantity to at least one first partial result before said recombination step ; and a second step cancels the effects of this quantity after the recombination step . | 6 |
a positive displacement calibration tool useful for simultaneously calibrating a plurality of flow meters , the tool comprising : a frame ; a housing block having a plurality of fluid chambers therein , each fluid chamber being connectible to a respective liquid flow line , each chamber having an axis therethrough , the axis of each fluid chamber being aligned within a predetermined close tolerance with the axis of each of the other fluid chambers formed in the block ; a piston mounted within the block for movement within each fluid chamber ; and an actuator connected to all of the pistons whereby the actuator is operative to displace each piston through its associated chamber to cause a precisely dispensed predetermined flow rate of a liquid to pass simultaneously from each chamber . | 6 |
a high compression ratio compressor having multiple stages of airfoils to produce the high pressure rations , where the last stage airfoils are cooled by drawing heat away from the airfoils using a heat pipe , and then passing cooling air through a heat exchanger associated with the heat pipe to draw heat away from the heat pipe . the cooling air used for cooling the airfoils is bled off from an earlier stage than the last stage and then discharged into a stage upstream from the bleed off location . | 5 |
a method of constructing a phosphorous adsorbing structure includes creating a design model that indicates a percentage of phosphorous removed from a water supply per an amount of a predetermined adsorbent exposed to the water supply based upon an original concentration of phosphorous in the water supply and a retention time of water in the adsorbing structure . | 1 |
a method of poling and calibrating electro - optic fibers is disclosed . metal electrodes are used to utilize the electro - optic effect to impart phase delays to the optical signal . moreover , one or more electrodes may be used for heating of the device to reach softening temperatures of the electro - optic material , which allows easy , effective and efficient poling of the electro - optic material . a method based on continuous or periodic optical feedback is used to automatically calibrate the electro - optic device when its performance degrades with time to relaxation of molecular orientations . | 6 |
Machine learning-driven antibody design | 9 |
an information reproducing apparatus includes a reproduction clock generating device for generating a reproduction clock on the basis of a multivalue signal of a reproduction signal reproduced from an information recording medium , and a reproduction data detecting device for detecting the multivalue signal by using the reproduction clock , and for generating reproduction data synchronized with the reproduction clock . the apparatus further includes a first waveform equalizer for performing waveform equalization of the reproduction signal which is suitable for generation of the reproduction signal , and a second waveform equalizer , arranged independently of the first waveform equalizer , for performing waveform equalization of the reproduction signal which is suitable for detection of the reproduction signal . | 6 |
<BR /> Aims: We study the relative importance of several recent updates of microphysics input to the neutron star cooling theory and the effects brought about by superstrong magnetic fields of magnetars, including the effects of the Landau quantization in their crusts. <BR /> Methods: We use a finite-difference code for simulation of neutron-star thermal evolution on timescales from hours to megayears with an updated microphysics input. The consideration of short timescales (≲1 yr) is made possible by a treatment of the heat-blanketing envelope without the quasistationary approximation inherent to its treatment in traditional neutron-star cooling codes. For the strongly magnetized neutron stars, we take into account the effects of Landau quantization on thermodynamic functions and thermal conductivities. We simulate cooling of ordinary neutron stars and magnetars with non-accreted and accreted crusts and compare the results with observations. <BR /> Results: Suppression of radiative and conductive opacities in strongly quantizing magnetic fields and formation of a condensed radiating surface substantially enhance the photon luminosity at early ages, making the life of magnetars brighter but shorter. These effects together with the effect of strong proton superfluidity, which slows down the cooling of kiloyear-aged neutron stars, can explain thermal luminosities of about a half of magnetars without invoking heating mechanisms. Observed thermal luminosities of other magnetars are still higher than theoretical predictions, which implies heating, but the effects of quantizing magnetic fields and baryon superfluidity help to reduce the discrepancy. | 9 |
a method and apparatus is provided that enables a mobile terminal which cannot simultaneously receive two physical channels to receive a service that utilizes two physical channels . in one embodiment , the service data and control information are transmitted on separate physical channels in a non - simultaneous manner such that the physical channel on which the data is transmitted includes an indication of when control information is available on the other physical channel on which the control information is transmitted , thereby facilitating the mobile terminal switching between the two physical channels in order to receive the service data and control information . in another embodiment , the service data and control information are transmitted on a single physical channel , thereby precluding the need for the mobile terminal to switch between two physical channels in order to receive the service data and control information . | 7 |
Here, we demonstrate that polarization properties show a wide diversity depending on viewing angles. To simulate images of a supermassive black hole and surrounding plasma, we performed a full-polarimetric general relativistic radiative transfer based on three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics models with moderate magnetic strengths. Under an assumption of a hot-jet and cold-disk in the electron temperature prescription, we confirmed a typical scenario where polarized synchrotron emissions from the funnel jet experience Faraday rotation and conversion in the equatorial disk. Further, we found that linear polarization vectors are inevitably depolarized for edge-on-like observers, whereas a portion of vectors survive and reach the observers in face-on-like cases. We also found that circular polarization components have persistent signs in the face-on cases, and changing signs in the edge-on cases. It is confirmed that these features are smoothly connected via intermediate viewing-angle cases. These results are due to Faraday rotation/conversion for different viewing angles, and suggest that a combination of linear and circular polarimetry can give a constraint on the inclination between the observer and black hole's (and/or disk's) rotating-axis and plasma properties in the jet–disk structure. These can also lead to a more statistical and unified interpretation for a diversity of emissions from active galactic nuclei. | 9 |
a memory device including a balanced switching circuit and methods for controlling an array of transfer gates . the balanced switching circuit comprises a plurality of transfer gates . the plurality of transfer gates are arranged in n rows and n columns with the n transfer gates in each row connected in series between a first signal terminal and a second signal terminal . each one of n clock terminals is coupled to a respective control terminal of only one transfer gate in each row and only one transfer gate in each column . the transfer gates are selectively clocked or activated in response to clock signals to couple the first signal terminal to the second signal terminal such that the switching speed is independent of the order in which the individual series connected pass transistors or transfer gates are activated . | 6 |
an optical resonator supporting two sets of simultaneously co - existent oscillation modes , having polarizations orthogonal to each other . mode control elements , such as apertures and phase elements , are introduced into the resonator to allow only preferred modes to exist . the placement and orientation of the sets are designed such that the high intensity zones of one set fall on the nodes or low intensity zones of the other set in an interlaced pattern . thus , in a laser resonator , better utilization of the gain medium is achieved and the beam quality and brightness over multimode lasing are improved . this configuration improves the performance of high fresnel number resonators , in both pulsed and continuous lasers , for applications such as scribing , drilling , cutting , target designation and rangefinding . an application of the intra - cavity coherent summation of orthogonally polarized modes is described , whereby azimuthally or radially polarized beams may be obtained . | 7 |
a method of extracting recovering oil from vegetable material in which oil bearing material is heated and subjected to sonication at least one frequency above 400 khz , removing a first yield of oil by decanting and subjecting the retained material to centrifugal separation to separate out a second yield of oil . preferably the raw vegetable material is passed through a screw press and the obtained material is heated and subjected to the ultrasonic treatment and then allowed to settle for a predetermined period before decanting the oil layer . preferably two frequencies above 400 khz are used , one below 1 mhz and the second from 1 mhz . there are many potential transducers arrangements possible for producing standing waves . | 0 |
We explore the stellar metallicity distribution function of the Galactic halo based on SDSS ugriz photometry. A set of stellar isochrones is calibrated using observations of several star clusters and validated by comparisons with medium-resolution spectroscopic values over a wide range of metal abundance. We estimate distances and metallicities for individual main-sequence stars in the multiply scanned SDSS Stripe 82, at heliocentric distances in the range 5-8 kpc and |b| > 35°, and find that the in situ photometric metallicity distribution has a shape that matches that of the kinematically selected local halo stars from Ryan & Norris. We also examine independent kinematic information from proper-motion measurements for high Galactic latitude stars in our sample. We find that stars with retrograde rotation in the rest frame of the Galaxy are generally more metal poor than those exhibiting prograde rotation, which is consistent with earlier arguments by Carollo et al. that the halo system comprises at least two spatially overlapping components with differing metallicity, kinematics, and spatial distributions. The observed photometric metallicity distribution and that of Ryan & Norris can be described by a simple chemical evolution model by Hartwick (or by a single Gaussian distribution); however, the suggestive metallicity-kinematic correlation contradicts the basic assumption in this model that the Milky Way halo consists primarily of a single stellar population. When the observed metallicity distribution is deconvolved using two Gaussian components with peaks at [Fe/H] ≈ -1.7 and -2.3, the metal-poor component accounts for ~20%-35% of the entire halo population in this distance range. | 9 |
apparatus and method for boring into the earth near a kudzu vine root system to apply herbicidal helium gas to the roots and eradicate the kudzu vine . the technique uses a perforated tube with a drill bit that protrudes from one end of the tube to bore into the earth near the vine roots . boring is stopped when all of the tube perforations are below the earth &# 39 ; s surface . about 0 . 5 cubic meters of helium gas are applied to flow through the tube enabling the helium gas to flow out through the tube perforations and attack the kudzu vine through the vine &# 39 ; s root system . | 8 |
a control circuit included within a multi - phase switched - mode converter is configured for adjusting operational signals for adding power stages of the multi - phase switched - mode converter to dynamically respond to transient changes in load current for minimizing undershoot while avoiding overshoot of an output voltage of the multi - phase switched - mode converter . the control circuit has panic comparators configured such that each panic comparator has an input terminal connected to receive the output voltage for comparison with one of a plurality of reference voltages . a panic controller receives panic indicator signals from the panic comparators and determines which of the power stages are to be activated to match the transient change to the load current to prevent for minimizing undershoot and for preventing overshoot of the output voltage of the multi - phase switched - mode converter . the multi - phase switched - mode converter may operate in a continuous or discontinuous conduction mode . | 7 |
a spreader , connected to the rear end of a combine harvester , is disclosed for spreading the crop residues existing from a cutter incorporated in the combine harvester behind the spreader across a width that considerably exceeds the width of the combine harvester and the spreader . the spreader includes several spreader wigs pivotally mounted thereon to define the desired spreading width . a wind deflector is mounted on said spreader and upon movement of the spreader in the direction of travel it prevents headwinds and / or lateral winds from affecting the distribution of the crop residues across the spreading width . | 0 |
the present invention is related to substituted butanol derivatives of the formula : wherein r is an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 straight chain alkyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 3 - 6 branched chain alkyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 3 - 6 straight chain alkenyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 3 - 6 branched chain alkenyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 3 - 6 cycloalkyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkoxy , nitrile , halo , amino , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkylamino , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 dialkylamino , carboxy - c 1 - 6 alkylamino , carboxy - c 1 - 6 dialkylamino , an unsubstituted or substituted acetoxy , carboxy , an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyethyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkylcarboxy , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkylthio , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkyloxy , carboxamido , an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 alkylcarboxamido or an unsubstituted or substituted c 1 - 6 dialkylcarboxamido . such compounds are useful in flavor or flavor compositions . | 2 |
Inconsistent conclusions are obtained from recent active galactic nuclei (AGNs) accretion disk inter-band time-lag measurements. While some works show that the measured time lags are significantly larger (by a factor of ∼3) than the theoretical predictions of the Shakura & Sunyaev disk (SSD) model, others find that the time-lag measurements are consistent with (or only slightly larger than) that of the SSD model. These conflicting observational results might be symptoms of our poor understanding of AGN accretion physics. Here we show that sources with larger-than-expected time lags tend to be less luminous AGNs. Such a dependence is unexpected if the inter-band time lags are attributed to the light-travel-time delay of the illuminating variable X-ray photons to the static SSD. If, instead, the measured inter-band lags are related not only to the static SSD but also to the outer broad emission-line regions (BLRs; e.g., the blended broad emission lines and/or diffuse continua), our result indicates that the contribution of the non-disk BLR to the observed ultraviolet/optical continuum decreases with increasing luminosity (L), i.e., an anti-correlation resembling the well-known Baldwin effect. Alternatively, we argue that the observed dependence might be a result of coherent disk thermal fluctuations as the relevant thermal timescale, τ<SUB>TH</SUB> ∝ L<SUP>0.5</SUP>. With future accurate measurements of inter-band time lags, the above two scenarios can be distinguished by inspecting the dependence of inter-band time lags upon either the BLR components in the variable spectra or the timescales. | 9 |
a building automation system comprising a plurality of end devices , at least one communication network , and a server engine comprising a communication state manager for actively managing the state of various devices in building automation system and an associated reconnect manager to reestablish communication with off - line devices . the communication manager and the reconnect manager coordinate the interaction between the server engine and the devices in order to minimizing the load on the communication network , while also working to establish the working state of any of the end devices and to transition off - line to an on - line state . | 7 |
this invention features pyrimidine compounds of formula : aryl , or heteroaryl ; each of r 2 and r 4 , independently , is r c , halogen , nitro , cyano , isothionitro , sr c , or or c ; or r 2 and r 4 , taken together , is carbonyl ; r 3 is r c , alkenyl , alkynyl , or c , ocr c , so 2 r c , sr c , snr c r d , sr c , nr c r d , nr c cor d , nr c cor d , nr c cnr c r d , nr c so 2 r d , cor c , cor c , or cnr c r d ; r 5 is h or alkyl ; n is 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , or 6 ; x is o , s , s , s , or nr c ; y is a covalent bond , ch 2 , c , c ═ n — r c , c ═ n — or c , c ═ n — sr c , o , s , s , s , or nr c ; z is n or ch ; one of u and v is n , and the other is cr c ; and w is o , s , s , s , nr c , or ncr c ; in which each of r a and r b , independently , is h , alkyl , aryl , heteroaryl ; and each of r c and r d , independently , is h , alkyl , aryl , heteroaryl , cyclyl , heterocyclyl , or alkylcarbonyl . the featured compounds inhibit the production of il - 12 , il - 23 and il - 27 and are useful for treating disorders associated with il - 12 , il - 23 and il - 27 overproduction or misregulation , such as inflammatory and immune disorders . | 0 |
stable oxygen scavenger compositions adapted for storage without resulting in substantial sludge formation and oxygen scavenging methods of using the compositions are disclosed . the compositions comprise hydroquinone , a compatible amine termed a mu - amine , and a member selected from the group consisting of isoascorbic acid and ascorbic acid and water soluble salt forms thereof . methods comprise adding from about 0 . 05 - 200 ppm hydroquinone , 0 . 001 - 400 ppm mu - amine , and about 0 . 00025 - 500 ppm of isoascorbic or ascorbic acid to the desired aqueous medium . | 2 |
a method and apparatus which protects software against unauthorized use which is bound to at least one certain hardware device . the hardware device includes unique hardware identification sequences like unique hardware numbers / addresses , serial numbers or other embedded hardware characterization sequences . a special license key has to be passed to the software at the first activation . the license key contains among other things encrypted hardware identification sequences which are compared with the read out sequences of the accessible hardware devices . the use of the software features is permitted if the sequences match . | 6 |
a power shovel for surface mining operations is equipped with a suspended load measuring system . the slm system determines the net weight of the material in the shovel bucket by sensing the electrical parameters of the drive motors . a microprocessor inputs the drive motor electrical parameters and processes them according to the known geometry of the power shovel . to meet the requisite accuracy of ± 2 % for a load measuring system to be effective , the slm system utilizes a dynamic model which accounts for both conservative and nonconservative dynamic effects prevalent in power shovel operation . correction are included for the conservative effects of the rotational inertia of the drive motors and reduction gear train , the stretch of the cables , and the inertia of the bucket . non - conservative losses due to friction , gear loss and motor inefficiency are also compensated for . during truck loading operations , the slm system maintains a cumulative total of the net weight of material in the truck based on the individual weights of each shovel bucket load . the total weight in the truck is then displayed to the power shovel operator so that the truck can be accurately loaded to full capacity . | 6 |
in an internal combustion engine with a reciprocating movement which uses gasoline , diesel fuel or other fuels to generate forces when fuels attain explosive combustion , the piston is pushed in the inner cylinder . the motion of the piston with the reciprocating movement is transferred to a crank shaft having rotation motion , or the rotation motion of the crank shaft is transferred to the piston having straight motion . by such transfer , in order to use in compressed feed for fluids , when the connecting rod is provided with a universal joint type and a ball joint type , although the relative position errors and right angle are staggered within a given range , abnormal friction , noises and vibrations never take place . accordingly , pollutions such as noise , vibration and noxious exhaust gases are dramatically reduced , fuels are surprisingly and significantly saved , and the life of the machine is doubly increased . further , the piston is divided into a crown part and a skirt part , and the crown part is used with a piston ring in a conventional way . however , the skirt part is attached to a metal roller mounted on a metal bracket , or a metal plate or spring , and the piston is provided with an expansion property . accordingly , the gap or clearance between the cylinder and the piston is completely removed , and maximum smoothing motion takes place when the piston is moved up and down . by such smoothing action of the piston , a state without tilt and slap is realized . | 8 |
in one embodiment , a system for making a dental restoration is provided . the system includes a machine unit for processing a dental material to form the dental restoration , and a control unit for controlling the operation of the machine unit . an air channel for discharging a process - originated material from the machine unit provides an air connection between the machine unit and the control unit . certain embodiments of invention are advantageous in that they help to increase the reliability of the machining operation . | 0 |
a paperboard carton and blanks therefor formed from a top unit and a bottom unit which are relatively slidable . a locking mechanism prevents the units from being fully separated . this locking mechanism comprises a locking flap hingedly coupled to and folded against a side wall on either of the top and bottom units and a corresponding stop member formed on an opposed side wall of the other of the top and bottom units . the stop member is comprised of two side glue flaps extending integrally from two adjacent side walls , each having a tab extending therefrom . the tabs engage the distal end of the folded locking flap to prevent full separation . advantageously , the locking flap is trapezoidal and the side glue flaps form a trapezoidal recess with the tabs forming the smaller base thereof . an air freshener material or insect poison can be located inside the carton . | 0 |
a method of inhibiting the binding between n - methyl - d - aspartate receptors and neuronal proteins in a neuron the method comprising administering to the neuron an effective inhibiting amount of a peptide replacement agent for the nmda receptor or neuronal protein interaction domain that effect said inhibition of the nmda receptor neuronal protein . the method is of value in reducing the damaging effect of injury to mammalian cells . postsynaptic density - 95 protein couples neuronal n - methyl - d - aspartate receptors to pathways mediating excitotoxicity and ischemic brain damage . this coupling was disrupted by transducing neurons with peptides that bind to modular domains on either side of the psd - 95 / nmdar interaction complex . this treatment attenuated downstream nmdar signaling without blocking nmdar activity , protected cultured cortical neurons from excitotoxic insults and dramatically reduced cerebral infarction volume in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia . the treatment was effective when applied either before , or one hour after , the onset of excitotoxicity in vitro and cerebral ischemia in vivo . this approach prevents negative consequences associated with blocking nmdar activity and constitutes practical therapy for stroke . | 0 |
the invention concerning a pulsed laser is provided and includes an optical resonator being defined by at least two reflective elements , and the optical resonator defining a laser radiation beam path ; the laser further including a solid - state gain structure arranged so as to be in the beam path , the gain structure being operable to emit laser radiation by stimulated emission upon being pumped ; a housing operable of maintaining a vacuum or gas composition different from ambient gas within the housing , the housing defining an inside , which encloses at least a part of the optical resonator , so that at least a part of the beam path proceeds within the housing ; and a mode locker arranged so as to be in the beam path ; wherein the gas composition and / or gas pressure in the housing is controlled , and a gas mixture inside the housing has an optical nonlinearity which is lower than the nonlinearity of air . | 7 |
Gas metallicity (Z) and the related dust-to-gas ratio (f<SUB>d</SUB>) can influence the growth of H II regions via metal line cooling and ultraviolet (UV) absorption. We model these effects in star-forming regions containing massive stars. We compute stellar feedback from photoionization and radiation pressure (RP) using Monte Carlo radiative transfer coupled with hydrodynamics, including stellar and diffuse radiation fields. We follow a $10^{5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ turbulent cloud with Z/Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> = 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.1, and $f_\textrm{d} = 0.01\, Z/Z_{\odot }$ with a cluster-sink particle method for star formation. The models evolve for at least 1.5 Myr under feedback. Lower Z results in higher temperatures and therefore larger H II regions. For Z ≥ Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>, RP (P<SUB>rad</SUB>) can dominate locally over the gas pressure (P<SUB>gas</SUB>) in the inner half-parsec around sink particles. Globally, the ratio of P<SUB>rad</SUB>/P<SUB>gas</SUB> is around 1 (2 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>), 0.3 (Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>), 0.1 (0.5 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>), and 0.03 (0.1 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>). In the solar model, excluding RP results in an ionized volume several times smaller than the fiducial model with both mechanisms. Excluding RP and UV attenuation by dust results in a larger ionized volume than the fiducial case. That is, UV absorption hinders growth more than RP helps it. The radial expansion velocity of ionized gas reaches +15 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> outwards, while neutral gas has inward velocities for most of the runtime, except for 0.1 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> that exceeds +4 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Z and f<SUB>d</SUB> do not significantly alter the star formation efficiency, rate, or cluster half-mass radius, with the exception of 0.1 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB> due to the earlier expulsion of neutral gas. | 9 |
method and an apparatus for configuring a coordinated multi - point measurement set . an embodiment of the present invention provides a method at a neighboring base station side for configuring a coordinated multi - point measurement set for a user equipment ue , and the method includes : a neighboring base station of the ue receiving , from a serving base station of the ue , configuration information about an uplink signal sent by the ue ; the neighboring base station detecting , according to the configuration information , the uplink signal sent by the ue ; and the neighboring base station reporting , to the serving base station , a transmission port tp receiving the uplink signal and strength of the tp receiving the uplink signal . the present invention is based on the latest development demands of lte / lte - a protocols , and is applicable to various scenes . | 7 |
the invention generally relates to angiogenic factors and more particularly to the angiopoietin family of growth factors and to methods of using these growth factors to induce vasodilation and hypotension and reducing hypertension . | 0 |
apparatus and method for expediting the alignment of the fraction portion of operands in floating point operations . the alignment is performed in the arthmetic logic unit where the argument of the operand a exponent is subtracted from the argument of the operand b exponent . because the result b - a can be a negative quantity , the result a - b can also be required . the arthmetic logic unit of the present invention provides additional apparatus for simultaneously determining b - a and a - b . the additional apparatus includes components in the propagate bit and generate bit cell for determining an auxiliary generate bit ; an additional carry - chain array for combining the carry - in signal , the propagate bit and the auxiliary generate bit ; and selection circuits for selecting the appropriate result . | 6 |
apparatus for generating methane from degradable organic material , the apparatus consisting of a tank containing the material in a liquid slurry and gas collector slidably mounted in its upper portion , the gas collector having rods which extend downwardly through a slotted retainer into the organic material for agitating the organic material within the liquid slurry . | 8 |
a fuel dispenser having a filter status sensor includes a fuel delivery path for delivering fuel from a station storage tank to a vehicle ; a fuel filter in the delivery path for filtering fuel flowing in the delivery path ; a flow monitor in the delivery path for measuring fuel flow in the delivery path ; and a controller associated with the flow monitor adapted to determine and compare a first flow rate taken during a first cycle with a second flow rate taken during a second cycle . the controller provides a filter status signal when the first and second flow rates differ by more than a predetermined difference indicative of an unclean fuel filter . | 1 |
a fabric having at least one hydraulically napped surface comprised of tangled fibers is disclosed . because the fiber tangles are created from intact , undamaged fibers , fabric strength is not adversely affected by treatment . in addition , laundering enhances entanglement and the aesthetic qualities attributed to this fabric property : surface texture , resistance to pilling , drapeability , and the like . these subjective characteristics have been quantified using values from the kawabata evaluation system . a process for creating such fabrics has also been disclosed . the fabric passes through one or two treatment zones in which high pressure fluids are directed at the fabric surface as the fabric moves away from a support member . in the case of dual treatment zones , a substantially lower pressure is used in the second treatment zone . | 3 |
a micro electro mechanical system device has a first subassembly having sensor element including a coupler , and a second subassembly including a comb drive . the comb drive having stator plates and rotor plates and the coupler configured to displace the rotor plates relative to the stator plates providing a variable capacitance dependent on the displacement of the rotor plate . | 6 |
an entire column , written in a specific numerical order , different from traditional multiplication tables , is shown one at a time until all three noble &# 39 ; s columns of the multipliers and solutions appear together . without even knowing how to multiply , one can write these columns that end up with multiplication solutions . | 6 |
the invention provides novel substituted heterocyclic compounds represented by formula i and formula ii , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt , solvate , polymorph , ester , tautomer or prodrug thereof , and a composition comprising these compounds . the compounds provided can be used as inhibitors of mek and are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases , cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases . the invention further provides a method of treatment for inflammatory diseases , cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases in mammals , especially humans . | 2 |
the present invention is a breathing mask that is fully adjustable so as to enable a comfortable and leak proof seal around a patient &# 39 ; s face . the mask includes a frame , a cushion , a hose connector , a strap , connector , a strap , and a headgear . the present invention ensures both comfort and effectiveness by enabling a full adjustment of various components such as the angle of the strap relative to the face mask and the adjustment of the size of the headgear . furthermore , the present invention also allows for the free rotation of certain elements in order to maintain a sufficient seal without increasing the pressure applied to the patient . | 0 |
the present invention describes a method of preventing neutrophil chemotaxis , either in vitro or at a biological site using peptides whose amino acid sequence is derived at least in part from the sequence of native neutrophil activating factor . the peptides do not have measurable chemotactic activity against human neutrophils , but they are antagonistic to native naf . the method of preventing neutrophil chemotaxis is practiced by adding sufficient amounts of the claimed peptides to neutrophils in a biological fluid or appropriate medium to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis . the claimed peptides may have therapeutic value in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome or with other inflammatory lesions known or found to be caused by naf . | 2 |
circuitry that provides alternating current to a load from a unipolar power supply . a current source in the circuitry controls current applied to the load . a first switch and a second switch are connected between the load and the current source and allow current to flow from the current source to the load in a first direction responsive to the first switch and the second switch being closed . a third switch and a fourth switch connected between the load and the current source allow current to flow from the current source to the load in a second direction responsive to the third switch and the fourth switch being closed . | 7 |
a field test circuit for an electronic control of a refrigeration unit . the test circuit has a field installed test panel with a control switch and a readout device for indicating that portion of the electronic control to be tested . a microprocessor is provided with a logic program that provides coded information regarding the stage of capacity of the refrigeration unit , the operational status of the unit , diagnostic information of the unit , and a test procedure for testing all inputs and outputs of the microprocessor . | 5 |
a multi - part closure provides remote indication of a secured or unsecured state of the closure . the closure includes first and second mating members that when engaged define a secured state and when disengaged define an unsecured state . a self - contained transmitter is disposed in the first member . a switch is disposed in the first member in electrical communication with the transmitter . the switch is positioned within the first member for engagement by the second member when the first and second members are mated with and secured to one another . a remote receiver provides indication of the engage or disengaged state of the first and second members . | 1 |
an hdlc frame formation technique that calculates fields based on unscrambled data and combines unscrambled fields with scrambled data . decoding hdlc frames includes determining integrity of the scrambled data based on the unscrambled fields . | 7 |
card and / or dice games which can be played among several players . each player tries to obtain a better poker hand than the other players . a player with the best poker hand can win the pot . | 0 |
Source code archive of the 2022.4 patch version of GROMACS. | 9 |
a liquid crystal composition is disclosed which comprises three components . the first component comprises at least one of the compounds of the following formulas and . the second component comprises at least one of the compounds of the following formula . the third component comprises at least one of the compounds of the following formulas to . ## str1 ## each symbol in formulas to is defined in the specification . the liquid crystal composition has low threshold voltage and high stability to hear and ultraviolet rays while satisfying general characteristics required for the stn display mode . | 2 |
a natural fiber / polymer composite product that includes a core and a film or pigment surface layer applied to that textured core surface . the core comprises at least one natural fiber and at least one polymer intimately admixed together to form a composite . | 1 |
a signaling method for use in a communication network , in particular a unified network , for supporting a communication along a communication path via a plurality of in - path network infrastructure elements of the network . a service element of the network which is located off the communication path triggers an in - path network infrastructure element and the triggered in - path network infrastructure element initiates in - path signaling along the communication path . in particular , the service element may send a message to a terminating end point of the communication , which message is intercepted by the network infrastructure element closest to the terminating end point , which closest network infrastructure element initiates the in - path signaling . | 7 |
accelerated thermal upshock rates in the exhaust cycle of a crt envelope are attained for crts , and especially a tension mask crt having a shadow mask - supporting rail frame affixed to a flat , skirtless front panel . the corner walls of the crt funnel are made with thinner walls to provide an increased compliance of the normally very rigid corners of the funnel - to - panel seal area . panel - fracturing stresses generated in the funnel - to - panel seal area corners during upshock are thus alleviated allowing for faster crt throughput during manufacture . | 7 |
a bag binder comprises ; a binding - piece feeding member for feeding a binding piece to a position adjacent to the bag , the binding piece made of a synthetic resin and including a pair of leg portions for binding the bag ; a crossing member for crossing the leg portions by pressing the leg portions of the binding pieces ; and a bonding member for bonding the leg portions of the binding pieces each other so as to crosswise engage a crossed portion of the leg portions each other . | 1 |
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