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Galaxies can grow through their mutual gravitational attraction and subsequent union. While orbiting a regular high-surface-brightness galaxy, the body of a low-mass galaxy can be stripped away. However, the stellar heart of the infalling galaxy, if represented by a tightly bound nuclear star cluster, is more resilient. From archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we have discovered a red, tidally stretched star cluster positioned ~5″ (~400 pc in projection) from, and pointing toward the center of, the post-merger spiral galaxy NGC 4424. The star cluster, which we refer to as "Nikhuli," has a near-infrared luminosity of (6.88 ± 1.85) × 10<SUP>6</SUP> L <SUB>⊙,F160W </SUB> and likely represents the nucleus of a captured/wedded galaxy. Moreover, from our Chandra X-ray Observatory image, Nikhuli is seen to contain a high-energy X-ray point source, with ${L}_{0.5-8\,\mathrm{keV}}={6.31}_{-3.77}^{+7.50}\times {10}^{38}$ erg s<SUP>-1</SUP> (90% confidence). We argue that this is more likely to be an active massive black hole than an X-ray binary. Lacking an outward-pointing comet-like appearance, the stellar structure of Nikhuli favors infall rather than the ejection from a gravitational-wave recoil event. A minor merger with a low-mass early-type galaxy may have sown a massive black hole, aided an X-shaped pseudobulge, and be sewing a small bulge. The stellar mass and the velocity dispersion of NGC 4424 predict a central black hole of (0.6-1.0) × 10<SUP>5</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>, similar to the expected intermediate-mass black hole in Nikhuli, and suggestive of a black hole supply mechanism for bulgeless late-type galaxies. We may potentially be witnessing black hole seeding by capture and sinking, with a nuclear star cluster the delivery vehicle. | 9 |
a stationery accessory system comprises a slidable tab including indicia of contents contained in or demarcated by the stationery accessory system and a sheet - like member including a rail ; one of the slidable tab and the rail having a channel defined along a longitudinal aspect thereof , the channel defined by a wall of the rail , and the channel having a longitudinal opening narrower than a width interior to the channel measured parallel to the longitudinal opening ; and the other of the slidable tab and the rail having an expanded edge , the expanded edge having a width greater than the longitudinal opening such that the channel and the expanded edge are slidably engageable . | 1 |
it is suggested to subject the catalyst - supporting structure with attached to it catalyst to electromagnetic field generated inside the catalytic reactor by an induction coil or by microwave - generator , with the support structure being made from materials exhibiting a significantly lesser absorption of the electromagnetic energy than the catalyst material so that absorption by the catalyst or by catalyst carrier material of energy from the electromagnetic field results in fast heating of the catalyst to its working temperature without a significant heating of the catalyst support structure , thus with a small overall consumption of energy . | 1 |
a door latch having an over - center latching mechanism , which can be tripped by the dishwasher timer to allow the door to open slightly during the drying cycle of the dishwasher . the latch can also be opened by operating a handle on the exterior of the dishwasher . | 8 |
an image forming apparatus has a fixing unit that fixes a developer transferred onto a print medium . the apparatus includes a temperature detector and a movement detector . the temperature detector has a thermistor that detects a temperature of or near a fixing member . the movement detector detects that the thermistor has moved relative to the fixing member . the movement detector includes a first , second , and third electrically conductive members . the first electrically conductive member and a second electrically conductive member are connected to each other via the thermistor . the third electrically conductive member cooperates with the first electrically conductive member to form a first switch , and with the second electrically conductive member to form a second switch . when the thermistor moves out of contact engagement with the fixing member , at least one of the first switch and the second switch is closed . | 6 |
a system that breaks calcium in a liquid includes a catheter including first and second electrodes arranged to receive there - across a high electrical voltage at an initial low current . the high electrical voltage causes an electrical arc to form across the electrodes creating a gas bubble within the liquid , a high current to flow through the electrodes , and a mechanical shock wave . a power source provides the electrodes with the high electrical voltage at the initial current and terminates the high electrical voltage in response to the high current flow through the electrodes . | 0 |
Codes at time of first paper submission. Paper title: Sensitivity of 21st-century projected ocean new production changes to idealized biogeochemical model structure. Submitted to Biogeosciences, December 2020. | 9 |
We present a systematic analysis of the extended X-ray emission discovered around 35 FR II radio galaxies from the revised Third Cambridge Catalog (3CR) Chandra Snapshot Survey with redshifts between 0.05 and 0.9. We aimed to (i) test for the presence of extended X-ray emission around FR II radio galaxies, (ii) investigate whether the extended emission origin is due to inverse Compton (IC) scattering of seed photons arising from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) or thermal emission from an intracluster medium (ICM), and (iii) test the impact of this extended emission on hot-spot detection. We investigated the nature of the extended X-ray emission by studying its morphology and compared our results with low-frequency radio observations (i.e., ∼150 MHz) in the TGSS and LOFAR archives, as well as with optical images from Pan-STARRS. In addition, we optimized a search for X-ray counterparts of hot spots in 3CR FR II radio galaxies. We found statistically significant extended emission (>3σ confidence level) along the radio axis of ∼90% and in the perpendicular direction of ∼60% of the galaxies in our sample. We confirmed the detection of seven hot spots in the 0.5-3 keV energy range. In the cases where the emission in the direction perpendicular to the radio axis is comparable to that along the radio axis, we suggest that the underlying radiative process is thermal emission from the ICM. Otherwise, the dominant radiative process is likely nonthermal IC/CMB emission from lobes. We found that nonthermal IC/CMB is the dominant process in ∼70% of the sources in our sample, while thermal emission from the ICM dominates in ∼15% of them. | 9 |
the invention relates to universal serial bus circuits utilized in usb devices and usb hubs . specifically , the invention relates to circuitry used to detect whether the hub or device is connected to a usb host , i . e . to detect connection status of the device or hub . the present invention provides a usb circuit comprising a microprocessor which receives signaling concerning the connection status of the usb circuit to a usb host circuit , first and second data signal lines which transmit respective first and second data signals to the microprocessor , a usb host power supply signal line which receives usb host power signaling to indicate connection status , and wherein the usb circuit analyzes the usb power supply signal line and change the data signal transmittal down the first and second data lines according to the connection status of usb circuit to the usb host circuit . | 6 |
We study in detail the inner ~600 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 138-G001 by means of the Soar Integral Field Spectrograph attached to the SOAR telescope. This source is known for displaying a very rich coronal line spectrum and a blob of high-excitation emission ~3 arcsec south-east (SE) of the active galactic nucleus (AGN). The nature of this emission has not been fully understood yet. The excellent spatial and spectral resolution of SIFS allows us to confirm that the bulk of the coronal line forest emission region is very compact, of ~0.8 arcsec in diameter, centred on the AGN and most likely powered by radiation from the AGN. In addition, evidence of a nuclear outflow, restricted to the inner 1 arcsec centred at the nucleus is found based on the detection of broad components in the most important emission lines. The gas in the inner few tens of parsecs filters out the AGN continuum so that the NLR is basically illuminated by a modified SED. This scenario is confirmed by means of photoionization models that reproduce the most important lines detected in the SIFS field of view. From the modelling, we also found that the black hole mass M<SUB>BH</SUB> of the AGN is about 10<SUP>5.50</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, in agreement with previous X-ray observations. The spectrum of the SE blob is dominated by emission lines of low- to mid-ionization, with no hints of coronal lines. Our results show that it represents gas in the ionization cone that is photoionized by the filtered central AGN continuum. | 9 |
We present analysis of the proper-motion (PM) field of the red clump stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) disk using the Gaia Early Data Release 3 catalog. Using a kinematic model based on old stars with 3D velocity measurements, we construct the residual PM field by subtracting the center-of-mass motion and internal rotation motion components. The residual PM field reveals asymmetric patterns, including larger residual PMs in the southern disk. Comparisons of the observed residual PM field with those of five numerical simulations of an LMC analog that is subject to the tidal fields of the Milky Way and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) show that the present-day LMC is not in dynamical equilibrium. We find that both the observed level of disk heating (PM residual rms of 0.057 ± 0.002 mas yr<SUP>-1</SUP>) and kinematic asymmetry are not reproduced by Milky Way tides or if the SMC impact parameter is larger than the size of the LMC disk. This measured level of disk heating provides a novel and important method to validate numerical simulations of the LMC-SMC interaction history. Our results alone put constraints on an impact parameter ≲10 kpc and impact timing <250 Myr. When adopting the impact timing constraint of ~140-160 Myr ago from previous studies, our results suggest that the most recent SMC encounter must have occurred with an impact parameter of ~5 kpc. We also find consistent radial trends in the kinematically and geometrically derived disk inclination and line-of-node position angles, indicating a common origin. | 9 |
the present invention relates to methods and materials for recombinant adeno - associated virus production . more particularly , in some embodiments the invention contemplates the use of an adenovirus known as simian adenovirus 13 and vero cells for production of recombinant adeno - associated virus . | 2 |
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses occurring at cosmological distances that have emerged as prominent cosmological probes due to their dispersion measure (DM) evolution with redshift. In this work, we use cosmography, a model-independent approach to describe the evolution of the Universe, to introduce the cosmographic expansion of the DM- z relation. By fitting two different models for the intergalactic medium and host contributions to a sample of 23 well-localized FRBs, we estimate the kinematic parameters $q_0=-0.59^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$, $j_0=1.08^{+0.62}_{-0.56}$, s<SUB>0</SUB> = -2.1 ± 7.0, and H<SUB>0</SUB> = 69.4 ± 4.7 achieving a precision of 6 per cent and 7 per cent for the Hubble constant depending on the models used for contributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can be used as an alternative and complementary cosmological model-independent method to revisit the long-standing 'Missing Baryons' problem in astrophysics by estimating that 82 per cent of the baryonic content of the Universe resides in the intergalactic medium, within 7 per cent and 8 per cent precision, according to the contribution models considered here. Our findings highlight the potential of FRBs as a valuable tool in cosmological research and underscore the importance of ongoing efforts to improve our understanding of these enigmatic events. | 9 |
buffers for driving interconnection conductors on programmable logic devices are shared between two types of uses , i . e ., to drive static programmable connections to interconnection conductors , and to drive dynamically controllable connections to other interconnection conductors . the dynamically controllable connections are preferably tri - statable . signals for effectuating the dynamic control are preferably generated on the programmable logic device near the tri - state - type connections . for example , a nearby logic module may provide the dynamic control signal . this reduces the extent of routing for , and consequent delay of , the dynamic control signal . | 7 |
a high - voltage transistor includes an active region including a diffused region of a first conductivity type defined by inner edges of a border of shallow trench isolation . a gate having side edges and end edges is disposed over the active region . spaced apart source and drain regions of a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type are disposed in the active region outwardly with respect to the side edges of the gate . lightly - doped regions of the second conductivity type more lightly - doped than the source and drain regions surround the source and drain regions and extend inwardly between the source and drain regions towards the gate to define a channel , and outwardly towards all of the inner edges of the shallow trench isolation . outer edges of the lightly - doped region from at least the drain region are spaced apart from the inner edges of the shallow trench isolation . | 7 |
the present invention is directed to a bag - on - valve assembly comprising a valve stem and a flexible bag which is affixed to the valve stem and encapsulates a portion of said valve stem therein . the bag comprises a sealable thermoplastic film which is free of foil and is adapted to have an tensile energy to break value of at least 150 in * ft - lbs in both the machine direction and transverse directions . | 1 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for scrambling and descrambling an audio signal . an interference signal is generated and is intermittently , preferably pseudo - randomly , added to the program audio as a function of control information generated either by means of hardware alone or by means of software . the scrambled audio and the interference signal are preferably transmitted on two carriers , e . g ., two standard subcarriers used in tv broadcasting , together with the control information . a decoder descrambles the audio by substracting the interference signal from the scrambled audio at the proper times as indicated by the control information . preferably , the interference signal , comprising a series of noise bursts , is transmitted on the same carrier as the control information , time - multiplexed with the latter . alternatively , the program audio itself , subjected to a time delay , is used as the interference signal , in which case the second carrier bears only the control information . | 7 |
The distribution of gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies of all types is poorly constrained. Foreground CGMs contribute an extra amount to the dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs). We measure this DM excess for the CGMs of 10<SUP>11</SUP>-10<SUP>13</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> halos using the CHIME/FRB first data release, a halo mass range that is challenging to probe in any other way. Because of the uncertainty in the FRBs' angular coordinates, only for nearby galaxies is the localization sufficient to confidently associate them with intersecting any foreground halo. Thus we stack on galaxies within 80 Mpc, optimizing the stacking scheme to approximately minimize the stack's variance and marginalize over uncertainties in FRB locations. The sample has 20-30 FRBs intersecting halos with masses of 10<SUP>11</SUP>-10<SUP>12</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> and also of 10<SUP>12</SUP>-10<SUP>13</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>, and these intersections allow a marginal 1σ-2σ detection of the DM excess in both mass bins. The bin of 10<SUP>11</SUP>-10<SUP>12</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> halos also shows a DM excess at 1-2 virial radii. By comparing data with different models for the CGM gas profile, we find that all models are favored by the data up to 2σ level compared to the null hypothesis of no DM excess. With 3000 more bursts from a future CHIME data release, we project a 4σ detection of the CGM. Distinguishing between viable CGM models by stacking FRBs with CHIME-like localization would require tens of thousands of bursts. | 9 |
There is an overwhelming evidence that white dwarfs host planetary systems; revealed by the presence, disruption, and accretion of planetary bodies. A lower limit on the frequency of white dwarfs that host planetary material has been estimated to be ≃ 25-50 per cent; inferred from the ongoing or recent accretion of metals on to both hydrogen-atmosphere and warm helium-atmosphere white dwarfs. Now with the unbiased sample of white dwarfs observed by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey in their Early Data Release (EDR), we have determined the frequency of metal enrichment around cool-helium atmosphere white dwarfs as 21 ± 3 per cent using a sample of 234 systems. This value is in good agreement with values determined from previous studies. With the current samples we cannot distinguish whether the frequency of planetary accretion varies with system age or host-star mass, but the DESI data release 1 will contain roughly an order of magnitude more white dwarfs than DESI EDR and will allow these parameters to be investigated. | 9 |
Context. Deep spectroscopic surveys with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed that some of the brightest infrared sources in the sky correspond to concentrations of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at high redshift. Among these, the SPT2349-56 protocluster system is amongst the most extreme examples given its high source density and integrated star formation rate. <BR /> Aims: We conducted a deep Lyman-α line emission survey around SPT2349-56 using the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in order to characterize this uniquely dense environment. <BR /> Methods: Taking advantage of the deep three-dimensional nature of this survey, we performed a sensitive search for Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) toward the core and northern extension of the protocluster, which correspond to the brightest infrared regions in this field. Using a smoothed narrowband image extracted from the MUSE datacube around the protocluster redshift, we searched for possible extended structures. <BR /> Results: We identify only three LAEs at z = 4.3 in this field. This number is lower than expectations for blank fields, and is significantly lower than the number of previously identified SMGs in this system. We find an extended Lyman-α structure of about 60 × 60 kpc<SUP>2</SUP> in size located 56 kpc east of the protocluster core. Three SMGs coincide spatially with the location of this structure. All the other SMGs are undetected in Lyman-α emission, which is consistent with the conspicuous dust obscuration in these systems. We conclude that either the three co-spatial SMGs or the protocluster core itself are feeding ionizing photons to the Lyman-α structure. | 9 |
Recent works on three-planet mean motion resonances (MMRs) have highlighted their importance for understanding the details of the dynamics of planet formation and evolution. While the dynamics of two-planet MMRs are well understood and approximately described by a one-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian, little is known of the exact dynamics of three-body resonances besides the cases of zeroth-order MMRs or when one of the bodies is a test particle. In this work, I propose the first general integrable model for first-order three-planet mean motion resonances. I show that one can generalize the strategy proposed in the two-planet case to obtain a one-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian. The dynamics of these resonances are governed by the second fundamental model of resonance. The model is valid for any mass ratio between the planets and for every first-order resonance. I show the agreement of the analytical model with numerical simulations. As examples of application, I show how this model could improve our understanding of the capture into MMRs as well as their role in the stability of planetary systems. | 9 |
We investigate the diversity in the sizes and average surface densities of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas discs in $∼$ 280 nearby galaxies detected by the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY). We combine the uniformly observed, interferometric H I data from pilot observations of the Hydra cluster and NGC 4636 group fields with photometry measured from ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared imaging surveys to investigate the interplay between stellar structure, star formation, and H I structural parameters. We quantify the H I structure by the size of the H I relative to the optical disc and the average H I surface density measured using effective and isodensity radii. For galaxies resolved by $>$ $1.3$ beams, we find that galaxies with higher stellar masses and stellar surface densities tend to have less extended H I discs and lower H I surface densities: the isodensity H I structural parameters show a weak negative dependence on stellar mass and stellar mass surface density. These trends strengthen when we limit our sample to galaxies resolved by $>$ 2 beams. We find that galaxies with higher H I surface densities and more extended H I discs tend to be more star forming: the isodensity H I structural parameters have stronger correlations with star formation. Normalising the H I disc size by the optical effective radius (instead of the isophotal radius) produces positive correlations with stellar masses and stellar surface densities and removes the correlations with star formation. This is due to the effective and isodensity H I radii increasing with mass at similar rates while, in the optical, the effective radius increases slower than the isophotal radius. Our results are in qualitative agreement with previous studies and demonstrate that with WALLABY we can begin to bridge the gap between small galaxy samples with high spatial resolution H I data and large, statistical studies using spatially unresolved, single-dish data. | 9 |
the invention relates to a system for protecting a solar module against theft or unauthorized use by an authorized consumer . said system comprises an interruption device on the solar module side and a release device on the consumer side . the interruption device transmits a first signal to the release device via a power line and interrupts the transfer , via a power line , of energy generated by the solar module to the consumer if the interruption device does not receive , via said power line , a second signal from the release device within a specified first period . this permits the secure and economical protection of the solar module , since a solar module protected in the manner described above is of no value without the second signal . | 6 |
methods for producing a digital video work to be presented in potentially viewable scenes with the ability to customize the scene sequences presented to individual viewers based upon expressed or imputed viewer preferences , and to the articles on which such work is stored and played . the content of the scene sequences may vary to match viewer preferences while maintaining the overall message of the digital video work . | 7 |
The compact mm-wavelength signal in the central cavity of the PDS 70 disc, revealed by deep ALMA observations, is aligned with unresolved H α emission, and is thought to stem from a circumplanetary disc (CPD) around PDS 70c. We revisit the available ALMA data on PDS 70c with alternative imaging strategies, and with special attention to uncertainties and to the impact of the so-called 'JvM correction', which is thought to improve the dynamic range of restored images. We also propose a procedure for the alignment and joint imaging of multi-epoch visibility data. We find that the JvM correction exaggerates the peak signal-to-noise of the data, by up to a factor of 10. In the case of PDS 70, we recover the detection of PDS 70c from the 2019 July data, but only at 8 σ. However, its non-detection in 2017 Dec. suggests that PDS 70c is variable by at least $42{{\ \rm per\ cent}} \pm 13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ over a 1.75 yr time-span, so similar to models of the H α variability. We also pick up fine structure in the inner disc, such that its peak is offset by ~0${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$04 from the disc centre. The inner disc is variable too, which we tentatively ascribe to Keplerian rotation as well as intrinsic morphological changes. | 9 |
a fuel processor system capable of circulating fuel processor system gases , such as reformate , anode exhaust , and / or combustor exhaust , through the fuel processor to provide a number of distinct advantages . the fuel processor system having a plurality of fuel cells discharging an h 2 - containing anode effluent and an o 2 - containing cathode effluent . a fuel processor is also provided for converting a hydrogen - containing fuel to h 2 - containing reformate for fueling the plurality of fuel cells . a catalytic combustor is positioned in series downstream from the plurality of fuel cells and a vaporizer reactor is coupled to the catalytic combustor . a bypass passage is finally provided that interconnects an outlet of at least one of the group consisting of the fuel processor , the plurality of fuel cells , the catalytic combustor , and the vaporizer reactor to the inlet of the fuel processor . the bypass passage is operable to circulate a fuel processor system gas to the inlet of the fuel processor . | 2 |
an optical pickup apparatus having laser light sources emit a first light beam having a relatively shorter wavelength for a dvd and a second light beam having a longer wavelength for a cd - r , an objective lens having a focal length of an information recording surface in the dvd , an optical path control unit controls the light beams so that the light beam emitted from one of the laser light sources is directed to the objective lens and the light output from the objective lens is directed to the optical detection unit , and a phase shift unit between the optical path control unit and the objective lens and which shifts a phase of the second light to reduce the size of a beam spot which is formed the information recording surface in the cd - r . | 6 |
For 100 years since galaxies were found to be flying apart from each other, astronomers have been trying to determine how fast. The expansion, characterized by the Hubble constant, H0, is confused locally by peculiar velocities caused by gravitational interactions, so observers must obtain accurate distances at significant redshifts. Very nearby in our Galaxy, accurate distances can be determined through stellar parallaxes. There is no good method for obtaining galaxy distances that is applicable from the near domain of stellar parallaxes to the far domain free from velocity anomalies. The recourse is the distance ladder involving multiple methods with overlapping domains. Good progress is being made on this project, with satisfactory procedures and linkages identified and tested across the necessary distance range. Best values of H0 from the distance ladder lie in the range 73 - 75 km/s/Mpc. On the other hand, from detailed information available from the power spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background, coupled with constraints favoring the existence of dark energy from distant supernova measurements, there is the precise prediction that H0 = 67.4 to 1%. If it is conclusively determined that the Hubble constant is well above 70 km/s/Mpc as indicated by distance ladder results then the current preferred LambdaCDM cosmological model based on the Standard Model of particle physics may be incomplete. There is reason for optimism that the value of the Hubble constant from distance ladder observations will be rigorously defined with 1% accuracy in the near future. | 9 |
a router bit for use with earth - moving equipment such as tractor scrapers , bucket loaders and dozers , composed of two parts , one affixed permanently to the apparatus and the other , which comprises the cutting edge , separable from the former for ease of replacement when worn and ineffective , thus obviating the need for expensive and laborious replacement of the whole router bit assembly . the upper and lower parts are joined by interlocking fingers and secured further by flex pins . the lower part , by means of a bar - like extension affixed to and positioned generally diagonally across the length of either side thereof , is prevented from lateral movement . | 8 |
No description provided. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a printed circuit board . the printed circuit board is made by the method of providing a substrate ; forming a first circuit on the substrate ; depositing a thin film on the substrate ; building an electronic component on the substrate by the thin film and allowing the electronic component to electrically connect the first circuit ; forming a blanket dielectric layer enclosing the electronic component ; and removing the substrate . | 7 |
an improved multiple garment hanging device is for simultaneously hanging and storing several articles of clothing or the like on a clothes hanger rod , which includes a rigid bar having a plurality of holes extending therethrough for receipt of clothes hanging elements therein , a pair of hooks pivotably mounted at opposite end of the rigid bar , the pair of hooks being substantially alignable toward each other for being held by a human hand for supporting the garment hanging device at least during insertion of the clothes hanging elements in the holes of the rigid bar . the rigid bar has a central plane and a longitudinal axis lying within the central plane , and the plurality of holes are separated one from the other and displaced along the longitudinal axis , with each of the holes extending substantially perpendicular to the central plane . the rigid bar has a pivot hole at each of the opposite ends thereof which extends substantially perpendicular to the central plane . each of the pair of hooks lies substantially along a circle , with the circle having a center , and each of the pairs of hooks extends along a substantial portion of the circle to have a free end and a pivot end having a pivot axis which is disposed within the pivot hole of the rigid bar with the center of the circle of the hook being located within the central plane of the rigid bar during relative rotation of the pivot axis within the pivot hole . the central plane extends vertically below the clothes hanger rod when both of the hooks are engaged with the clothes hanger rod as well as when only one of the hooks is engaged with the clothes hanger rod . | 0 |
a clamp effort intensifier that multiplies the manual effort used for clamping vise jaws onto a workpiece through the use of a cam that actuates the vise jaws together to provide adequate clamping forces while substantially reducing the manual effort necessary to achieve a safe clamp force . the effort intensifier acts to load the vise jaw through a heavy spring which deflects as the jaws are loaded . the amount of deflection can be used to indicate the clamping force exerted on the jaws . an interlock to the machine tool used will prevent operation of the tool until the clamp force exceeds a desired level . | 1 |
a radiation energy transmission system including source collimating apparatus and its method of construction for maintaining the intensity of a radiation signal emanating from a radiation source along a narrow signal beam path to provide for long distance transmission of the collimated signal sufficiently above background radiation level to be detected by detector means within the path of the beam and at the same time sufficiently below safe radiation exposure levels so as not to be harmful to personnel in the immediate area of the beam . | 6 |
a locking mechanism for hydraulically actuated devices is disclosed herein . the mechanism includes a slotted lock shaft coaxially mounted with respect to a piston assembly , the piston assembly being disposed in a hydraulic cylinder . the lock shaft has end faces or shoulders which engage a portion of a shaft associated with the piston assembly to lock the piston assembly and the ram shaft in a predetermined position . the lock shaft has a configured surface which cooperates with a configured surface of the piston assembly for unlocking the mechanism . the locking mechanism is described for use with a ram type blowout preventer but can be used with various types of hydraulically actuated devices . | 5 |
a variable delay line using a lumped constant type electromagnetic delay line and enjoying a superhigh - speed rising characteristic is disclosed , which comprises an inductance element formed by winding a conductor and possessed of a plurality of taps , a plurality of capacitors having electrodes thereof on one side kept in common connection , a plurality of linking electrodes disposed along the inductance element and adapted to interconnect the taps of the inductance element and the electrodes of the capacitors on the other side , fixed contacts formed of limited surface regions of the linking electrodes , and movable contact means adapted to advance on the fixed contacts while keeping pressed contact with each fixed contact so as to permit selection of the taps of the inductance element . the linking electrodes each incorporate therein a depression for receiving into snug engagement the movable contact means at the time that the movable contact means is set in pressed contact with the particular fixed contact selected . | 7 |
a method is provided for using an application in a mobile station . the application has a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation . the first mode of operation is passive . in the second mode of operation the application controls a master control unit of the mobile station . also provided is a system for making payments , comprising at least one mobile station which has an associated application , a component for using the application , and a first transceiver for providing local data transfer . the system also comprises at least one cash register or the like , which has a second transceiver for providing data transfer . the application has a capability for causing data to be transferred from the first transceiver to the second transceiver . | 6 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for destroying syringe needles . the apparatus has an incinerator unit into which a syringe needle may be inserted , crimped by a crimper , the needle measured between its tip and the sealing crimp , burned by passing an electric current corresponding to its measured length between the needle tip and the sealing crimp , and the burned needle severed by a cutting blade . | 0 |
an exemplary direct - type backlight module includes light sources , a frame , and a fixing member . each light source includes a supporting strip and at least one light - emitting member provided with the supporting strip . the frame includes a bottom plate . the bottom plate includes elastic members . the fixing member is engaged with the elastic members thereby fixing the supporting strips of the light sources to the bottom plate of the frame . a liquid crystal display using the backlight module is also provided . | 6 |
a housing includes a housing underpart , the housing underpart being provided with a housing cavity . the housing cavity comprises an opening on one housing side and , on the floor of the cavity , contains an electromagnetic radiation emitting semiconductor chip . a cover that is at least partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation covers the housing cavity . a method for emitting electromagnetic radiation in a preferred direction is also disclosed . | 7 |
an improvement to a bottle for storing , identifying , and dispensing liquids comprises a valve - type nozzle coupled to the outer end of the tube , a vent , and an optional identification tag . the valve - type nozzle is adjustable along a continuous range between open and closed conditions to permit dispensing of fluid in a controlled fashion and sealing of the container . | 1 |
a testing tool for verifying a reliability of robot software components is provided , and more particularly , a simulation - based interface testing automation system and method that may automatically perform a test for functions and performance of an interface with respect to robot software components are provided . thus , it is possible to efficiently perform a test for an interface of robot software components . in particular , it is possible to automatically generate test cases required for testing , to perform a test in various languages , and to perform a test suitable for a robot . | 6 |
1 - piperazines bearing a fluoro , chloro , methyl , nitro , hydroxy , methoxy , cyano , amino , methylamino or dimethylamino substituent in the 4 - position of the phenyl ring and being further optionally substituted in the 4 - position of the piperazine ring by tetrahydropyranyl , alkyl , formyl , carboxy , alkanoyl or carboalkoxy , and the acid addition salts thereof , are tranquilizers . a typical embodiment is 1 - piperazine hydrochloride . | 2 |
a communications system is designed to present a number of options to a caller who is attempting to reach a call - waiting subscriber already busy on a first call . the options are presented to the caller via an announcement that offers the caller the alternative of either sending immediately a conventional call - waiting alert signal to the subscriber , or leaving a message that is automatically delivered to the subscriber immediately after the subscriber terminates the first call . | 7 |
a cable guide includes a hinge support having a first end and a second end , a panel hingedly connected to the hinge support and having at least one through - opening , and at least one cable connection module , having a front and a rear , mounted in the at least one through - opening , the at least one cable connection module front having at least one port accessible from the front side of the panel and the cable connection module rear having at least one port accessible from the rear side of the panel , the cable guide also including a first arm projecting away from the first end of the hinge support , the first arm having at least one cable aperture configured to receive a cable . | 6 |
We investigate the internal kinematics of the young star-forming region NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We used two epochs of deep F555W and F814W Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys observations with an 11 yr baseline to determine proper motions and study the kinematics of different populations, as identified by their color-magnitude diagram and spatial distribution characteristics. The proper motion field of the young stars shows a complex structure with spatially coherent patterns. NGC 346's upper main sequence and pre-main sequence stars follow very similar motion patterns, with the outer parts of the cluster being characterized both by outflows and inflows. The proper motion field in the inner ~10 pc shows a combination of rotation and inflow, indicative of inspiraling motion. The rotation velocity in this regions peaks at ~3 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, whereas the inflow velocity peaks at ~1 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Subclusters and massive young stellar objects in NGC 346 are found at the interface of significant changes in the coherence of the proper motion field. This suggests that turbulence is the main star formation driver in this region. Similar kinematics observed in the metal-poor NGC 346 and in the Milky Way's star-forming regions suggest that the differences in the cooling conditions due to different amounts of metallicity and dust density between the SMC and our galaxy are too small to alter significantly the process of star cluster assembly and growth. The main characteristics of our findings are consistent with various proposed star cluster formation models. | 9 |
a seed metering system , for use on a row crop planter , selects individual seeds from a seed reservoir and dispenses the seeds singularly at a controlled rate . a direct drive seed metering system includes a seed disc having a plurality of suction apertures with a recessed pocket adjacent to an aperture . the recessed pockets act to agitate seeds in the seed reservoir and to direct seed flow towards the apertures . a seed path relief system provides for allowing the placement of the seeds such that they are released from an outer edge of the seed disc . an adjustable seed singulator is mounted adjacent to the face of the seed disc where inner and outer blades are adjusted radially to compensate for the singulation of various seed sizes and shapes . the seed disc is driven via engagement of an internal gear with the external gear of an independent drive motor . | 0 |
an apparatus in the form of a trailer for handling and transporting , in a fully assembled state , a machine having a double frame such as a conventional concrete finishing machine is disclosed . the apparatus features a chassis , a scissors lift mounted on the chassis and a pair of spaced guideways for supporting a double frame thereon rotatably attached to the upper end of the lift . eye hooks for locking the guideways relative to the chassis to prevent rotation of the guideways while the apparatus is in transport are also disclosed . the disclosed apparatus also features a pair of plates slidably carried in the guideways and an adjustable worm gear assembly for moving the plates within the guideways to transfer the load represented by double frame when loading or unloading the same . | 1 |
a method of forming an array of proteins selected from antigens or antibodies ; said method comprising the steps of expressing in a recombinant cell , a fusion protein which comprises either an antigen or an antibody binding protein , fused to a peptide having up to 50 amino acids , which peptide comprises amino acid sequence of seq id no 1 lx 1 x 2 ix 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 kx 7 x 8 x 9 x 10 where x 1 is a naturally occurring amino acid , x 2 is any naturally occurring amino acid other than leucine , valine , isoleucine , tryptophan , phenylalanine or tyrosine , x 3 is phenylalanine or leucine , x 4 is glutamine or asparagine , x 5 is alanine , glycine , serine or threonine , x 6 is glycine or methionine , x 7 is isoleucine , methionine or valine , x 8 is glutamine , leucine , valine , tyrosine or isoleucine , x 9 is tryptophan , tyrosine , valine , phenylalanine , leucine or isoleucine and x 10 is any naturally occurring amino acid other than asparagine or glutamine ; where said peptide is capable of being biotinylated by a biotin ligase at the lysine residue adjacent to x 6 ; biotinylating said peptide of the fusion protein at the lysine residue adjacent x 6 ; isolating the biotinylated fusion protein ; applying the biotinylated fusion protein to an avidin or streptavidin coated non - porous support ; forming an array of at least three different proteins on the support by either where the fusion protein comprises an antigen , carrying out steps to the desired number of times to form an antigen array ; or where the fusion protein comprises an antibody binding protein , applying to said protein , either prior to or after step a plurality of different antibodies or binding fragments thereof . | 2 |
a method for manufacturing a synthesized silica glass optical member , the method comprising : providing a porous silica glass body ; heating the porous silica glass body in an atmosphere containing hydrogen or oxygen , and sintering the porous silica glass body in an atmosphere containing fluorine compound . furthermore , a synthesized silica glass optical member manufactured by the method . | 2 |
an id memory part memorizes an id such as a telephone number that identifies a communicant , and a use frequency memory part memorizes a corresponding use frequency . when a communication apparatus takes a sending action , a writing part receives the id from an addressee communicant and registers it in the id memory part . in case the id memory part does not have any unused memory region at this registering time , the least frequently used id is deleted from the id memory part and the memory region that becomes unused as the result registers the received id . when a communication apparatus takes a receiving action , a comparison part receives the id from an addresser communicant and sequentially compares the id with each id memorized in the id memory part , and has the communication apparatus continue the receiving action only when a conformance is detected . a use frequency updating part updates the use frequency on the use frequency memory part corresponding to the communicant &# 39 ; s id , when the communication apparatus takes a communication action . thus , an ordinary sending operation alone automatically registers the id . by properly deleting the least frequently used id on the id memory part at an automatic registering time , a new id is automatically registered without any problem , which makes the registering operation further simplified . | 8 |
an energy - absorbing device in the form of a safety device against shock loads for a track - borne vehicle includes an energy - absorbing member and a mating member . the mating member co - operates with the energy - absorbing member in such a way that , if a critical shock force applied to the energy - absorbing device is exceeded , the mating member and the energy - absorbing member move relative to one another , towards one another , while at the same time absorbing at least some of the shock energy which is applied to the energy - absorbing device . to enable the overall energy which can be dissipated by the energy - absorbing device to be increased in a way which is easy to implement , provision is made for the energy - absorbing member to have at least one energy - absorbing region made of fibrous composite material which , in the course of the movement of the mating member relative to the energy - absorbing member , is at least partly reduced to fibers non - ductilely . | 5 |
a method for improving surface mechanical properties of non - austenitic stainless steels comprises steps of : providing a non - austenitic stainless steel material ; placing the non - austenitic stainless steel material in an environment containing at least one austenite - stabilizing element , and implanting the austenite - stabilizing elements into a surface of the non - austenitic stainless steel material to form a modified layer enriched with the austenite - stabilizing elements ; and placing the non - austenitic stainless steel material in a carbon - bearing atmosphere to make the modified layer in contact with the carbon - bearing atmosphere , and maintaining the non - austenitic stainless steel material at a carburizing temperature below 600 ° c . to implant carbon into the modified layer to form a carburized layer . the carburized layer enhances the surface hardness of the non - austenitic stainless steel material and enables it to apply to decorative components or structural components demanding high abrasion resistance , high surface hardness , and high corrosion resistance . | 2 |
a filter head , designed to hold at least two filter elements . the filter head having a housing , into which feed channels to , and return channels from , the filter elements are integrated . a rotatable switching drum is provided for selectively opening or closing the channels to control the flow of fluid to the filter elements . the filter head has a cover , which closes off the housing , and a spring element , which produces an axial force which presses one of the sealing surfaces of the switching drum against the cover and the other sealing surface of the switching drum against the housing . | 5 |
We show how the local approximation of astrophysical discs, which is the basis for the well-known model of the shearing box, can be used to study many aspects of the dynamics of warped discs. In the local model, inclination of the orbit of a test particle, with respect to the reference orbit, corresponds to a vertical oscillation of the particle at the orbital frequency. Warping of a disc corresponds to a locally axisymmetric corrugation of the mid-plane of the disc that oscillates vertically at the orbital frequency, while evolution of the warp corresponds to a modulation of the complex amplitude of the vertical oscillation. We derive a conservation law for this amplitude that is the local equivalent of the conservation of angular momentum and therefore governs the evolution of the warp. For length scales that are long compared to the vertical scale height of the disc, the known non-resonant and resonant regimes of warp dynamics, including the diffusive and wave-like regimes of Keplerian discs, occur in the local model in the same way as in a global view of warped discs. | 9 |
an integral water circulation apparatus supplies instant hot water at hot water faucets remotely located from the building water heater through a convective circulation flow of hot water from the water heater it is therefore simpler in design , less expensive to install , and more reliable than the more complex prior art systems . it has the further advantages of not mixing heated water with cold water being supplied to cold water faucets throughout the building and of preventing cold water from flowing up the return line to the hot water faucet | 8 |
the present invention provides a ballast circuit powered by a system power source . the ballast , in operative connection with the system power source , is an inverting type of ballast designed to generate an asymmetric alternating lamp input current on a lamp input line . further , a gas discharge lamp is in operative connection to the lamp input line configured to receive the asymmetric alternating current . the inverting circuit of the ballast is configured with complementary switches configured to have unequal on times , thereby producing an asymmetric lamp input current . a dc blocking capacitor is provided to block any dc current from the lamp input line . the asymmetric alternating lamp input current eliminates visual striations otherwise occurring in the lamp . | 7 |
an electrolyzer cell is disclosed which includes a cathode to reduce an oxygen - containing molecule , such as h2o , co2 , or a combination thereof , to produce an oxygen ion and a fuel molecule , such as h2 , co , or a combination thereof . an electrolyte is coupled to the cathode to transport the oxygen ion to an anode . the anode is coupled to the electrolyte to receive the oxygen ion and produce oxygen gas therewith . in one embodiment , the anode may be fabricated to include an electron - conducting phase having a perovskite crystalline structure or structure similar thereto . this perovskite may have a chemical formula of substantially lax ) a ′ ybo , wherein 0 ≦ x ≦ 0 . 5 , 0 ≦ y ≦ 0 . 5 , and 0 . 8 ≦ z ≦ 1 . 1 . in another embodiment , the cathode includes an electron - conducting phase that contains nickel oxide intermixed with magnesium oxide . | 7 |
the present invention provides an apparatus and method for connecting an array of cables to a circuit board . | 7 |
the description relates to a device for the regulation of the amount of a medium in a heating or cooling system , comprising a combined valve , which in one and the same valve housing includes one part for pressure difference regulation and one part for flow limitation , the flow being limited in a stepless , adjustable way , i . e . the device obtaining an adjustable kvs - value . also , the chosen kvs - value can be limited by a cone , which always can operate with its complete stroke length . | 5 |
a defibrillator for permanent external application to a patient , with a protective shell arrangement receiving a base unit with defibrillator components , an electrode arrangement connected or connectable to the shell arrangement , and a support device . an ergonomic adaptation to the person wearing the defibrillator is achieved by the defibrillator components being spatially combined into subsidiary modules , and the shell arrangement has several subsidiary shells to which the subsidiary modules are distributed and which are movable relative to one another and connected to one another mechanically and electrically . | 0 |
circuits , methods , and apparatus that provide for partial texture load instructions . instead of one instruction that may take several shader passes to complete , several instructions are issued , where each instruction is an instruction to retrieve a part or portion of a texture . while each instruction is performed , the other shader circuits can perform other instructions , thus increasing the utilization of the shader circuits when large textures are read from memory . since several shader passes may be required to read a texture , if a particular instruction needs the texture , one exemplary embodiment reorders instructions such that other instructions are performed before the particular instruction that needs the texture . | 6 |
a method for improving characteristics of acoustic and vibration transducers , including integrated microphones and integrated transducers of vibrations , is disclosed . the method consists in the use of a low - fidelity acoustic or vibration transducer for converting an acoustic signal into an analog electrical signal , an analog - to - digital converter for converting the analog electrical signal into a digital signal and a digital processor for correcting and enhancing the latter signal . the resulting digital representation of the acoustic signal is analogous to that attainable by using a high - fidelity transducer . | 7 |
a high resolution field emission display includes a faceplate and a baseplate . the faceplate includes a transparent viewing layer , a transparent conductive layer formed on the transparent viewing layer and intersecting stripes of light - absorbing , opaque insulating material formed on the transparent conductive layer . the insulating material defines openings less than one hundred microns wide between the intersecting stripes . the faceplate also includes a plurality of localized regions of cathodoluminescent material , each formed in one of the openings . the cathodoluminescent material includes a metal oxide providing reduced resistivity in the cathodoluminescent material . significantly , the reduced resistivity of the cathodoluminescent material together with the focusing effect of the insulating material provide increased acuity in luminous images formed on the faceplate . the baseplate includes a substrate , an emitter formed on the substrate and a dielectric layer formed on the substrate and having an opening formed about the emitter . the baseplate also includes a conductive extraction grid formed on the dielectric layer and having an opening formed about the emitter . | 7 |
an article of sport footwear with a shell formed with two , respectively forward and rearward , longitudinally opposite openings which extend from a shell entrance and identify two lateral sides , with a bootleg pivoted on the shell and at least one fastening device bridging the corresponding opening and being adjustable in length , whose opposite ends are anchored on respective lateral sides of the shell proximate to the entrance to limit the rearward swing range of the bootleg and / or the forward flex of the boot . | 0 |
a vertical gan - based led and a method of manufacturing the same are provided . the vertical gan - based led can prevent the damage of an n - type gan layer contacting an n - type electrode , thereby stably securing the contact resistance of the n - electrode . the vertical gan - based led includes : a support layer ; a p - electrode formed on the support layer ; a p - type gan layer formed on the p - electrode ; an active layer formed on the p - type gan layer ; an n - type gan layer for an n - type electrode contact , formed on the active layer ; an etch stop layer formed on the n - type gan layer to expose a portion of the n - type gan layer ; and an n - electrode formed on the n - type gan layer exposed by the etch stop layer . | 7 |
Outflows in starburst galaxies driven by thermal-mechanical energy, cosmic rays, and their mix are investigated with 1D and 2D hydrodynamic simulations. We show that these outflows could reach a stationary state, after which their hydrodynamic profiles asymptotically approach previous results obtained semi-analytically for stationary outflow configurations. The X-rays from the simulated outflows are computed, and high-resolution synthetic spectra and broad-band light curves are constructed. The simulated outflows driven by thermal mechanical pressure and CRs have distinguishable spectral signatures, in particular, in the sequence of the keV K α lines of various ions and in the L-shell Fe emission complex. We demonstrate that broad-band colour analysis in X-rays is a possible alternative means to probe outflow driving mechanisms for distant galaxies, where observations may not be able to provide sufficient photons for high-resolution spectroscopic analyses. | 9 |
Context. Pulsation frequencies reveal the interior structures of white dwarf stars, shedding light on the properties of these compact objects that represent the final evolutionary stage of most stars. Two-minute cadence photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) records pulsation signatures from bright white dwarfs over the entire sky. <BR /> Aims: As part of a series of first-light papers from TESS Asteroseismic Science Consortium Working Group 8, we aim to demonstrate the sensitivity of TESS data, by measuring pulsations of helium-atmosphere white dwarfs in the DBV instability strip, and what asteroseismic analysis of these measurements can reveal about their stellar structures. We present a case study of the pulsating DBV WD 0158-160 that was observed as TIC 257459955 with the two-minute cadence for 20.3 days in TESS Sector 3. <BR /> Methods: We measured the frequencies of variability of TIC 257459955 with an iterative periodogram and prewhitening procedure. The measured frequencies were compared to calculations from two sets of white dwarf models to constrain the stellar parameters: the fully evolutionary models from LPCODE and the structural models from WDEC. <BR /> Results: We detected and measured the frequencies of nine pulsation modes and eleven combination frequencies of WD 0158-160 to ∼0.01 μHz precision. Most, if not all, of the observed pulsations belong to an incomplete sequence of dipole (ℓ = 1) modes with a mean period spacing of 38.1 ± 1.0 s. The global best-fit seismic models from both LPCODE and WDEC have effective temperatures that are ≳3000 K hotter than archival spectroscopic values of 24 100-25 500 K; however, cooler secondary solutions are found that are consistent with both the spectroscopic effective temperature and distance constraints from Gaia astrometry. <BR /> Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the value of the TESS data for DBV white dwarf asteroseismology. The extent of the short-cadence photometry enables reliably accurate and extremely precise pulsation frequency measurements. Similar subsets of both the LPCODE and WDEC models show good agreement with these measurements, supporting that the asteroseismic interpretation of DBV observations from TESS is not dominated by the set of models used. However, given the sensitivity of the observed set of pulsation modes to the stellar structure, external constraints from spectroscopy and/or astrometry are needed to identify the best seismic solutions. | 9 |
disclosed is a luminescence measuring method which can produce a luminous intensity depending on the amount of a substance to be measured even when the substance occurs in a biological sample in an amount equal to or more than a given amount , and which can achieve quantitative measurement . the method is characterized by includes preparing a biological sample containing a luminescence - associated protein which is can react with a substance occurring in the biological sample in amount equal to or more than a given amount and which has a km value equal to or higher than a predetermined value so that the luminous intensity can be quantified depending on the amount of the substance , measuring the luminescence intensity emitted from the biological sample , and outputting a result of the measurement on a regions and / or part of the biological sample . | 6 |
a method comprising the steps of creating a random permutation of data from a data input by executing at least one of a pseudo - random permutation and a pseudo - random function , creating a first data block by combining the random permutation of data with a received second data block and executing an ε - differentially uniform function on the result of the combination , xoring the result of the ε - du function evaluation with a secret key , and reducing the first data block to a first message authentication code . | 7 |
a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen , carbon monoxide and water , as steam , is passed through a molten sulfur to vaporize sulfur . the gas stream containing the vaporized sulfur is passed through a catalytic conversion zone where at a controlled temperature of from about 500 ° to about 800 ° f sulfur is converted to hydrogen sulfide . the introduced steam optionally coupled with a water quench following hydrogenation of sulfur serves to suppress carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation . | 2 |
We report the systematic analysis of the X-ray observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source <ASTROBJ>XMMU J122939.7+075333</ASTROBJ> located in the globular cluster <ASTROBJ>RZ 2109</ASTROBJ> in the Virgo galaxy <ASTROBJ>NGC 4472</ASTROBJ>. The inclusion of observations and time intervals ignored in previous works and the careful selection of extraction regions and energy bands have allowed us to identify new flaring episodes, in addition to those that made it one of the best black hole candidates in globular clusters. Although most observations are too short and sparse to recognize a regular pattern, the spacing of the three most recent X-ray flares is compatible with a recurrence time of ∼34 h. If confirmed by future observations, this behavior together with the soft spectrum of the X-ray flares would be strikingly similar to the quasiperiodic eruptions recently discovered in galactic nuclei. Following one of the possible interpretations of these systems and of a peculiar class of extragalactic X-ray transients, we explore the possibility that XMMU J122939.7+075333 might be powered by the partial disruption of a white dwarf by an intermediate-mass (M ∼ 700 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) black hole. | 9 |
a dynamic logic gate includes a precharge device for precharging the logic gate in synchronism with a clock ; a partial logic gate arranged such that , depending on the logic states of the logic inputs , current is allowed to flow between its two terminals or is cut off ; a bipolar transistor whose emitter is grounded , and a discharge device for discharging the charge stored in the base of the bipolar transistor during the precharge period . the logic gate speeds up the logic operation by suddenly discharging the load capacity of the circuitry by supplying the conducting current of the partial logic gate to the bipolar transistor base and using the high speed current amplification action of the bipolar transistor . | 7 |
a method and apparatus is disclosed for flowing a sample gas and a reactant gas past a corona discharge electrode situated at a first location in an ion drift chamber , applying a pulsed voltage waveform comprising a varying pulse component and a dc bias component to the corona discharge electrode to cause a corona which in turn produces ions from the sample gas and the reactant gas , applying a dc bias to the ion drift chamber to cause the ions to drift to a second location in the ion drift chamber , detecting the ions at the second location in the drift chamber , and timing the period for the ions to drift from the corona discharge electrode to the selected location in the drift chamber . | 6 |
the present invention provides fast read performance for accessing a file from a multiplicity of files when its corresponding block id is unavailable , by furnishing new file - positioning commands , allowing access to data based on file number , at the same fast locate speed as with block ids , thereby expanding the range of applications that can use certain tape drive systems effectively . the present invention includes both a device architecture for supporting the file oriented positioning and the appending , as well as a software system that can permit easy application access to the device facilities and system components which permit the advantages to accrue without any software application or operator changes , including a robust architecture for navigating residual data , e . g ., for data recovery . the present invention comprises several device command innovations , a relative positioning command , an absolute positioning command , and other commands , e . g ., for sensing current position . | 8 |
The source GJ1132 is a nearby red dwarf known to host a transiting Earth-size planet. After its initial detection, we pursued an intense follow-up with the HARPS velocimeter. We now confirm the detection of GJ1132b with radial velocities alone. We refined its orbital parameters, and in particular, its mass (m<SUB>b</SUB> = 1.66 ± 0.23 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>), density (ρ<SUB>b</SUB> = 6.3 ± 1.3 g cm<SUP>-3</SUP>), and eccentricity (e<SUB>b</SUB> < 0.22; 95%). We also detected at least one more planet in the system. GJ1132c is a super-Earth with period P<SUB>c</SUB> = 8.93 ± 0.01 days and minimum mass m<SUB>c</SUB> sini<SUB>c</SUB> = 2.64 ± 0.44 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>. Receiving about 1.9 times more flux than Earth in our solar system, its equilibrium temperature is that of a temperate planet (T<SUB>eq</SUB> = 230-300 K for albedos A = 0.75 - 0.00), which places GJ1132c near the inner edge of the so-called habitable zone. Despite an a priori favorable orientation for the system, Spitzer observations reject most transit configurations, leaving a posterior probability <1% that GJ1132c transits. GJ1132(d) is a third signal with period P<SUB>d</SUB> = 177 ± 5 days attributed to either a planet candidate with minimum mass m<SUB>d</SUB> sin i<SUB>d</SUB> = 8.4<SUB>-2.5</SUB><SUP>+1.7</SUP> M<SUB>⊕</SUB> or stellar activity. Its Doppler signal is the most powerful in our HARPS time series but appears on a timescale where either the stellar rotation or a magnetic cycle are viable alternatives to the planet hypothesis. On the one hand, the period is different than that measured for the stellar rotation (~125 days), and a Bayesian statistical analysis we performed with a Markov chain Monte Carlo and Gaussian processes demonstrates that the signal is better described by a Keplerian function than by correlated noise. On the other hand, periodograms of spectral indices sensitive to stellar activity show power excess at similar periods to that of this third signal, and radial velocity shifts induced by stellar activity can also match a Keplerian function. We, therefore, prefer to leave the status of GJ1132(d) undecided. <P />Based on observations made with the HARPS instrument on the ESO 3.6 m telescope under the program IDs 191.C-0873(A), and 198.C-0838(A), at Cerro La Silla (Chile). <P />Radial velocity data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/618/A142">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/618/A142</A> | 9 |
a semiconductor substrate may be formed by providing an providing a semiconductor - on - insulator substrate including a base semiconductor layer , a buried insulator layer above the base semiconductor layer , and a soi layer comprising a first semiconductor material above the buried insulator layer ; forming an isolation region in the soi layer isolating a first portion of the soi layer from a second portion of the soi layer ; removing the second portion of the soi layer to expose a portion of the buried insulator layer ; forming a hole in the exposed portion of the buried insulator layer to expose a portion of the base semiconductor layer ; and forming a semiconductor layer made of a second semiconductor material on the exposed portion of the base semiconductor layer , so that the replacement semiconductor layer covers the exposed region of the buried insulator layer . | 7 |
a method and system for automatically activating a train warning device that uses a positioning system such as a global positioning system receiver or an inertial navigation system to determine the train &# 39 ; s position . the system further includes a database containing locations of grade crossings and other locations at which a train is required to give a warning signal and what regulations govern activation of the warning device at such locations . | 1 |
an image forming apparatus configured to execute image forming process by using hardware resources . the image forming apparatus includes a processor that executes application software including an image forming process , the application software causing display of one or more display screens . the image forming apparatus includes a display processing unit configured to display one of the one or more display screens on a display , a memory configured to store in association with each display screen , a power status indicating whether each of the hardware resources should be provided power during display of the display screen , a power status determining unit configured to determine which hardware resource should be provided power among the hardware resources , based on the displayed display screen and the power status stored in the memory , and a power control unit configured to provide power to the determined hardware resources . | 6 |
The open cluster NGC 6791 is among the oldest, most massive, and metal-rich open clusters in the Galaxy. High-resolution H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) of 11 red giants in NGC 6791 are analyzed for their chemical abundances of iron, oxygen, and sodium. The abundances of these three elements are found to be homogeneous (with abundance dispersions at the level of ~0.05-0.07 dex) in these cluster red giants, which span much of the red-giant branch (T <SUB>eff</SUB> ~ 3500-4600 K), and include two red clump giants. From the infrared spectra, this cluster is confirmed to be among the most metal-rich clusters in the Galaxy (lang[Fe/H]rang = 0.34 ± 0.06) and is found to have a roughly solar value of [O/Fe] and slightly enhanced [Na/Fe]. Our non-LTE calculations for the studied Na I lines in the APOGEE spectral region (16373.86 Å and 16388.85 Å) indicate only small departures from LTE (<=0.04 dex) for the parameter range and metallicity of the studied stars. The previously reported double population of cluster members with different Na abundances is not found among the studied sample. | 9 |
a method includes , in a processor , loading / moving a first portion of bits of a source into a first portion of a destination register and duplicate that first portion of bits in a subsequent portion of the destination register . | 6 |
The formation of hot stars out of the cold interstellar medium lies at the heart of astrophysical research. Understanding the importance of magnetic fields during star formation remains a major challenge. With the advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, the potential to study magnetic fields by polarization observations has tremendously progressed. However, the major question remains how much magnetic fields shape the star formation process or whether gravity is largely dominating. Here, we show that for the high-mass star-forming region G327.3 the magnetic field morphology appears to be dominantly shaped by the gravitational contraction of the central massive gas core where the star formation proceeds. We find that in the outer parts of the region, the magnetic field is directed toward the gravitational center of the region. Filamentary structures feeding the central core exhibit U-shaped magnetic field morphologies directed toward the gravitational center as well, again showing the gravitational drag toward the center. The inner part then shows rotational signatures, potentially associated with an embedded disk, and there the magnetic field morphology appears to be rotationally dominated. Hence, our results demonstrate that for this region gravity and rotation are dominating the dynamics and shaping the magnetic field morphology. | 9 |
an apparatus and method for imparting an angularly rotational movement . the apparatus includes a cylinder having an internal portion , a rod operatively positioned within the internal portion of the cylinder , a first bearing operatively positioned about rod ; a second unidirectional bearing operatively positioned about the rod and a motion program for selectively inputting incremental radial motion to the rod . the apparatus may also include a force generator for linearly moving the rod in a linear axial motion along an axis of the cylinder . | 8 |
Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ≲ 21 mag. <BR /> Aims: We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. <BR /> Methods: We describe the locations of variable star classes, variable object fractions, and typical variability amplitudes throughout the CaMD and show how variability-related changes in colour and brightness induce "motions". To do this, we use 22 months of calibrated photometric, spectro-photometric, and astrometric Gaia data of stars with a significant parallax. To ensure that a large variety of variable star classes populate the CaMD, we crossmatched Gaia sources with known variable stars. We also used the statistics and variability detection modules of the Gaia variability pipeline. Corrections for interstellar extinction are not implemented in this article. <BR /> Results: Gaia enables the first investigation of Galactic variable star populations in the CaMD on a similar, if not larger, scale as was previously done in the Magellanic Clouds. Although the observed colours are not corrected for reddening, distinct regions are visible in which variable stars occur. We determine variable star fractions to within the current detection thresholds of Gaia. Finally, we report the most complete description of variability-induced motion within the CaMD to date. <BR /> Conclusions: Gaia enables novel insights into variability phenomena for an unprecedented number of stars, which will benefit the understanding of stellar astrophysics. The CaMD of Galactic variable stars provides crucial information on physical origins of variability in a way that has previously only been accessible for Galactic star clusters or external galaxies. Future Gaia data releases will enable significant improvements over this preview by providing longer time series, more accurate astrometry, and additional data types (time series BP and RP spectra, RVS spectra, and radial velocities), all for much larger samples of stars. <P />A movie associated to Fig. 11 is available at <A href="https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833304/olm">https://www.aanda.org</A>.Data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/A110">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/A110</A>. | 9 |
an electromagnetic contactor comprising a housing , the housing being adapted to receive internally thereof a stationary armature , a coil subassembly , return springs , and a block subassembly , the block subassembly comprising a block adapted to receive terminals and a carrier subassembly , the carrier subassembly comprising a carrier member adapted to receive and retain a movable armature , the housing having internally thereof a plurality of detents adapted to be overridden by the block subassembly and to snap over exposed surfaces of the block subassembly to lock the block subassembly , the stationary armature , and the coil assembly in the housing , whereby to complete assembly of the contactor without fasteners ; and a method for making the contactor . | 7 |
a method and apparatus executes a printing job on a plurality of printer facilities by dividing the printing job into partial jobs and selectively assigning each partial job to a respective printer facility . the assigning of the partial jobs to the printer facilities attains an improved throughput for the printing job . the method structures a job termination pattern by assigning a partial job to a particular printer facility that will complete earlier than a partial job assigned to another printer facility by a time difference based on a predetermined non - zero time interval . such a time interval may be defined by an operator in advance . all printer facilities involved in a printing job may be assigned respective partial jobs so that their sequence of completion time instants , in compliance with the user - selected time interval , will constitute a monotonously non - decreasing series . | 6 |
apparatus for aligning large planar workpieces on a feed table wherein a plurality of pivoted arms are provided which are biased to a raised pivotal position to engage the edge of a workpiece , with the arms being urged to a lowered pivotal position by the weight of a workpiece resting thereon so that lateral movement of a plurality of the arms which may be arranged in rows will enable one of the arms of a row to engage the edge of a workpiece while in its raised pivotal position thereby to effect positioning or alignment of the workpiece . | 8 |
new crosslinked 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole elastomers have been prepared by thermally condensing monomer having the formula h 2 nc - r - q , wherein q is a triazine ring - forming group such as nitrile or amidine , or a mixture of said monomer with rnh 2 ] 2 , with r in these formulas standing for a bivalent organic radical having the formula --. sub . p --, or -- cfy . sub . m o . sub . p o n cfy -- wherein x is fluorine or hydrogen , y is fluorine or trifluoromethyl , p ranges from 1 to 18 , and m + n ranges from 2 to 7 . in the monomer charge , the overall proportions of amidoxime groups to triazine ring - forming groups varies depending on the extent of crosslinking desired in the final polymer . the heat and chemical resistant elastomers disclosed can serve , for instance , as adhesives , caulking compounds , channel sealants , fuel tank liners . | 2 |
a process is disclosed in which a rectangular spacer frame for insulating glass is automatically manufactured in that a tubular bar is repeatedly bent in a common bending plane and its free ends are joined . one or both end portions of the tubular bar are deflected out of the bending plane during the final bending operation so that the free ends are moved to such positions that said extremities are laterally spaced apart and extend alongside each other . the end portions of the tubular bar are then gripped and moved to positions in which they are axially aligned and spaced apart . the free ends of said end portions are subsequently joined to each other to form the spacer frame , which is subsequently transferred to an overhead conveyor in an automatic operation . | 1 |
apparatus and methods include a first data communication link between a sensor and an internet communication interface or device . the cellular telephone can provide an always - on link to a network such as the internet , on which websites and related hardware and software tools can permit ready and virtually unlimited access to and interaction with the original data and sensor , and / or the sensor &# 39 ; s system . in the preferred embodiment , a java ™- enabled cellular telephone interfaces directly with one or more sensors as well as with a network such as the internet , to provide a data acquisition and control channel . the cellular telephone &# 39 ; s display and keypad can provide a local display and data entry for the sensor and / or the sensor &# 39 ; s system . | 7 |
adsorbents , which are suitable for the affinity chromatography of proteins , especially of interferons , and which consist of an electroneutral carrier matrix , -- o -- ch 2 -- ch -- ch 2 -- nh - groups as the spacer and a triazine coloring substance bonded to the spacer . | 8 |
a hydrodynamically streamlined , towable sonar apparatus is described charerized by a housing , including a central frame having a circular planar web portion from which extend a plurality of annular coaxial ribs which cooperate with similar ribs extending inwardly from top and bottom concavo - convex cover members to define annular chambers and to provide compressive load bearing support . transducers are arrayed on the periphery of the frame and enclosed in a curved plastic fairing thereabout . electronics are accommodated in the annular chambers . | 6 |
a switchgear has an interrupter unit that includes an arc gap . a first and a second switching contact piece are movable relative to one another . a switching - gas duct originates in the arc gap and connects the arc gap to the surroundings of the interrupter unit . a hollow vessel arrangement delimits at least some sections of the switching - gas duct and is connected to one of the contact pieces . the hollow vessel arrangement includes an external outlet opening for the switching - gas duct . | 7 |
a fuel supplying system of a liquid propane injection engine , may include a fuel tank for storing fuel , a main fuel pump connected to the fuel tank and disposed at the exterior of the fuel tank , a fuel supply line connecting the main fuel pump and the engine to supply fuel from the main fuel pump to the engine , and a fuel return line connecting the engine and the interior of the fuel tank to return fuel from the engine to the interior of the fuel tank , wherein a sub - fuel pump is provided to the interior of the fuel tank and connected to the fuel supply line through a sub - fuel pump connecting pipe , the sub - fuel pump being operated when a predetermined condition is satisfied . | 5 |
Initial release of SACTOOLS repository. This is a group of stand-alone tools that act on Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) formatted files. This group of tools deals with conversion of SAC files back and forth between SAC and ASCII files, retrieving header information from SAC files on the command line, and same basic tasks such as stacking files. | 9 |
a process for fabricating mosfet devices , using a local interconnect structure , and silicon nitride capped , self - aligned contact openings , has been developed . the process features the creation of self - aligned contact openings , exposing specific source and drain regions . after deposition of a composite insulator layer , a second opening is formed in the composite insulator layer , again exposing various elements including the previously opened , specific source and drain regions . the formation of a local interconnect structure , filling the second opening , contacts , as well as interconnects , the specific source and drain regions . | 7 |
an algorithm , and methodology for its application , useful in digital computer systems incorporating read - modify - write data storage systems to accurately identify rewritten data which has been determined bad before being rewritten . | 6 |
a composition and method for providing a wear - resistant and fuel - saving coating on metals , particularly metal surfaces within internal combustion engines . a source of ammonium ions , an alkali metal in an aqueous medium , and the coating metal to be applied to the surface are combined to produce an electrolyte solution comprising a complex ion mixture . the electrolyte solution can be used to deposit the coating metal on conductive substrates . the coating metal may comprise phosphorus , sulfur , carbon , bismuth , boron , silicon , and combinations thereof . the electrolyte solution can be dehydrated in a hydrocarbon medium , thus providing novel materials for use as lubricating oil additives and as fuel additives . these new surfaces may significantly reduce coefficient of friction , smooth the flame front , reduce corrosion , enhance fuel economy , and reduce hydrocarbon emissions when used in internal combustion engines . | 2 |
The existence of ionized X-ray absorbing layers of gas along the line of sight to the nuclei of Seyfert galaxies is a well established observational fact. This material is systematically outflowing and shows a large range in parameters. However, its actual nature and dynamics are still not clear. In order to gain insights into these important issues we performed a literature search for papers reporting the parameters of the soft X-ray warm absorbers (WAs) in 35 type 1 Seyferts and compared their properties to those of the ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) detected in the same sample. The fraction of sources with WAs is >60 per cent, consistent with previous studies. The fraction of sources with UFOs is >34 per cent, >67 per cent of which also show WAs. The large dynamic range obtained when considering all the absorbers together, spanning several orders of magnitude in ionization, column, velocity and distance allows us, for the first time, to investigate general relations among them. In particular, we find significant correlations indicating that the closer the absorber is to the central black hole, the higher the ionization, column, outflow velocity and consequently the mechanical power. In all the cases, the absorbers continuously populate the whole parameter space, with the WAs and the UFOs lying always at the two ends of the distribution. These evidence strongly suggest that these absorbers, often considered of different types, could actually represent parts of a single large-scale stratified outflow observed at different locations from the black hole. The UFOs are likely launched from the inner accretion disc and the WAs at larger distances, such as the outer disc and/or torus. We argue that the observed parameters and correlations are, to date, consistent with both radiation pressure through Compton scattering and magnetohydrodynamic processes contributing to the outflow acceleration, the latter playing a major role. Most of the absorbers, especially the UFOs, show a sufficiently high mechanical power (at least ∼0.5 per cent of the bolometric luminosity) to provide a significant contribution to active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback and thus to the evolution of the host galaxy. In this regard, we find possible evidence for the interaction of the AGN wind with the surrounding environment on large scales. | 9 |
an integrated device includes a redundant bond pad for accessing internal circuitry in the event that the main bond pad for that circuitry is difficult to access with testing equipment . signals from the redundant bond pad are biased to ground during normal operations of the integrated device . in order to test the relevant internal circuitry , a voltage is applied to a test mode enable bond pad , overcoming the bias that grounds the redundant bond pad . in addition , the signal from the test mode enable bon pad serves to ground any transmission from the main bond pad . as a result , the bond pad may be used to test the relevant internal circuitry given its accessible location in relation to the testing equipment . | 6 |
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