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Evidence Networks can enable Bayesian model comparison when state-of-the-art methods (e.g. nested sampling) fail and even when likelihoods or priors are intractable or unknown. Bayesian model comparison, i.e. the computation of Bayes factors or evidence ratios, can be cast as an optimization problem. Though the Bayesian interpretation of optimal classification is well-known, here we change perspective and present classes of loss functions that result in fast, amortized neural estimators that directly estimate convenient functions of the Bayes factor. This mitigates numerical inaccuracies associated with estimating individual model probabilities. We introduce the leaky parity-odd power (l-POP) transform, leading to the novel 'l-POP-Exponential' loss function. We explore neural density estimation for data probability in different models, showing it to be less accurate and scalable than Evidence Networks. Multiple real-world and synthetic examples illustrate that Evidence Networks are explicitly independent of dimensionality of the parameter space and scale mildly with the complexity of the posterior probability density function. This simple yet powerful approach has broad implications for model inference tasks. As an application of Evidence Networks to real-world data we compute the Bayes factor for two models with gravitational lensing data of the Dark Energy Survey. We briefly discuss applications of our methods to other, related problems of model comparison and evaluation in implicit inference settings. | 9 |
UCLA ROMS is a terrain following vertical coordinate model that is developed at UCLA. This file contains the state of the repository on August, 2023. The current version can be found at: https://bitbucket.org/nmolem/ucla-roms/ | 9 |
in the mining process , linear , branched , hyperbranched or dendrimeric polyols or mixtures thereof are employed as process stabilization aids for aqueous solutions and , or suspensions of metal salts . a specific application area of the polyols is the stabilization of bauxite liquor in the bayer process of producing alumina from bauxite . | 2 |
Kepler-93b is a 1.478 ± 0.019 R <SUB>⊕</SUB> planet with a 4.7 day period around a bright (V = 10.2), astroseismically characterized host star with a mass of 0.911 ± 0.033 M <SUB>⊙</SUB> and a radius of 0.919 ± 0.011 R <SUB>⊙</SUB>. Based on 86 radial velocity observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and 32 archival Keck/HIRES observations, we present a precise mass estimate of 4.02 ± 0.68 M <SUB>⊕</SUB>. The corresponding high density of 6.88 ± 1.18 g cm<SUP>-3</SUP> is consistent with a rocky composition of primarily iron and magnesium silicate. We compare Kepler-93b to other dense planets with well-constrained parameters and find that between 1 and 6 M <SUB>⊕</SUB>, all dense planets including the Earth and Venus are well-described by the same fixed ratio of iron to magnesium silicate. There are as of yet no examples of such planets with masses >6 M <SUB>⊕</SUB>. All known planets in this mass regime have lower densities requiring significant fractions of volatiles or H/He gas. We also constrain the mass and period of the outer companion in the Kepler-93 system from the long-term radial velocity trend and archival adaptive optics images. As the sample of dense planets with well-constrained masses and radii continues to grow, we will be able to test whether the fixed compositional model found for the seven dense planets considered in this paper extends to the full population of 1-6 M <SUB>⊕</SUB> planets. <P />Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. | 9 |
the invention relates to a wafer transfer system that achieves high efficiency , as measured by throughput rate . this is accomplished in one instance by the combination of reliable transfer of single wafers between ports while being simultaneously rotated to accomplish notch alignment . another instance allows for simultaneous tilting of a multitude of wafers , such as changing the entire load of a transfer cassette between horizontal and vertical orientations , rather than operating on individual wafers serially . furthermore , the design of this system renders it usable in both left - handed and right - handed workflow arrangements , not requiring construction of mirror - image systems and thereby achieving an economy of scale in production and inventory of the wafer transfer system itself . | 8 |
a reinforcement device for reinforcing tissues having one or more structural deficiencies includes a longitudinally - extending reinforcing layer for treating the structural deficiency , a plurality of spiked naps distributed across the reinforcing layer and projecting therefrom for adhering to the tissue , and a dissolvable matrix layer covering at least a portion of the reinforcing layer and a portion of the plurality of spiked naps . the matrix layer increases the time before the spiked naps substantially adhere to the tissue , thereby allowing the practitioner additional time to position the reinforcement device . | 0 |
in order to extract correctly an intended region by correcting the distortion of two images due to different time points of observation , an emphasis factor which depends on the standard deviation of the image gray value within the intended region is evaluated , and the intended region for registration is selected after adaptive filtering with characteristics determined by the emphasis factor . | 6 |
a discharging valve device for a compressor discharges gas compressed in a compression chamber outside said chamber against an urging force of a discharging valve to a valve seat and resistance of breaking a film of a lubricating oil deposited at and near a cacting area formed between the valve seat and the discharging valve . the discharging valve device comprises a discharging port communicated with a compression chamber , a valve seat formed at the peripheral portion of said discharging port and having a curvature in cross section , and a discharging valve which is forcibly in contact with a part of said valve seat so as to open and close said discharging port depending on pressure in said compression chamber , wherein a contacting width of the sealing part formed by the contact through an oil film between said discharging valve and said valve seat is smaller than a contacting width of an oil film formed in case of combination of a flat discharging valve with a valve seat having a uniform curvature in cross section . | 5 |
devices for the local delivery of microdose amounts of one or more active agents , alone or in combination , in one or more dosages , to selected tissue of a patient are described . the devices generally include multiple microwells arranged on or within a support structure . the microwells contain one or more active agents , alone or in combination , in one or more dosages and / or release pharmacokinetics . in an exemplary embodiment , the device has a cylindrical shape , having symmetrical wells on the outside of the device , each well containing one or more drugs , at one or more concentrations , sized to permit placement using a catheter , cannula , or stylet . optionally , the device has a guidewire , and fiber optics , sensors and / or interactive features such as remote accessibility to provide for in situ retrieval of information and modification of device release properties . in the most preferred embodiment , the fiber optics and / or sensors are individually accessible to discrete wells . | 1 |
This code provides a minimal working example to recreate Fig. 04 of the accompanying paper 'Zonal variability of methane trends derived from satellite data' (Hachmeister et al., 2024; 10.5194/acp-24-577-2024 ). The figure shows global annual methane increases derived from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI WFMD XCH4 data. The code includes all processing steps from the gridding to the ensemble dynamic linear model fit and the calculation of the global annual methane increases. The input data can be downloaded here (~100 GB).Alternatively, the L3 data can be downloaded here (~700 MB) to skip the gridding step. | 9 |
a device for identifying a determined repetitive sequence of predetermined signals arriving on a modem . the device includes a delay circuit so that all the words of a sequence are simultaneously present ; a combination circuit for providing a combined word ; a circuit for calculating the modulus of each combined word and for comparing this modulus with a threshold ; a circuit for counting clock pulses corresponding to the rate at which words arrive ; a circuit for inhibiting the counting circuit when the modulus of the combined word is lower than the threshold ; and a circuit for providing an identification signal when a predetermined number of clock signals is counted . | 7 |
a workplace document shredder is located with its cutting mechanism , gear and electric motor in a self - supporting , integral casing which carries all the functional parts and circumferentially surrounds the same . the bearings of the cutting rollers are contained in bearing inserts , which are inserted from above in corresponding recesses of the casing . a container made from easily manufacturable material , such as corrugated paper , carries the apparatus and a hood is placed over it . | 1 |
a method for the substantially complete detection and measurement of all particles , within a predetermined size , range , contained in an injectable solution comprising the steps of : a ) rotation of the container causes substantially all of the particles in the injectable solution in the container to be set in motion ; b ) uniformly illuminating the background around the container with light ; and c ) detecting at least one of light scatter , light reflection and light extinction caused by said particles , with detectors having a depth of focus of detection in a specified volume of the container . wherein the detectors are positioned , relative to the container whereby the optical path and field of view allows the sensor sufficient focus to view substantially all of the bottom interior surface of the container and substantially all of the solution volume within the container . the method and apparatus produces a geometric representation of the particles in the detection region , whereby the size of detected particles can be is accurately adjusted to an actual size by either calculation or by calculated offset to allow accurate measurement of particle dimensions . | 6 |
a network device for interconnecting computer networks , the device including a bridge having a plurality of ports through which network communications pass to and from the bridge , the bridge also including a first interface enabling a user to partition the plurality of bridge ports into a plurality of groups , wherein each group represents a different virtual network , wherein the bridge treats all ports within a given group as part of the virtual network corresponding to that group and the bridge isolates the virtual networks from each other , whereby any communications received at a first port of the bridge are directly sent by the bridge to another bridge port only if the other bridge port and the first bridge port are part of the same group . | 7 |
The oscillating pressure of ultralight scalar dark matter (DM) can induce the oscillation of the local gravitational potential. Similarly to the time-dependent frequency shift for the pulse signals of pulsars, the oscillation of the local gravitational potential can induce a time-dependent frequency shift (or frequency modulation) for quasimonochromatic gravitational wave (GW) signals from Galactic white dwarf (WD) binaries. To make this effect detectable, we suppose that some Galactic WD binaries are located in DM clumps/subhalos where the energy density of DM is about 8 orders of magnitude higher than at the position of the Earth. Turning to the Fisher information matrix, we find that an amplified GW frequency modulation induced by ultralight scalar DM with a mass of m =1.67 ×10<SUP>-23</SUP>- 4.31 ×10<SUP>-23</SUP> eV /c<SUP>2</SUP> can be detected by LISA. | 9 |
aquatic nuisance species in ship &# 39 ; s ballast water are killed by permeating to equilibrium a gaseous mixture consisting essentially of , preferably , ≧ 84 % nitrogen , ≧ 11 % carbon dioxide and ≦ 4 % oxygen through ship &# 39 ; s ballast water until the ballast water itself becomes hypercapnic to ≧ 20 ppm carbon dioxide , and , by association , acidic to ph ≦ 7 , while preferably further , and also , being rendered hypoxic to ≦ 1 ppm oxygen . the permeating is preferably realized by bubbling the gaseous mixture preferably obtained from an inert gas generator through the ballast water over the course of 2 + days while the ballast water is continually maintained a pressure less than atmosphere , preferably − 2 p . s . i . or less . the hypercapnic , acidic and hypoxic conditions — each of which can be independently realized — synergistically cooperate to kill a broad range of ans in the ballast water without deleterious effect on the environment when , and if , the ballast water in which the balance of dissolved gases has been changed is discharged . | 8 |
This is the first public release of the libpebble library. See the README in the repository for information on how to build and use the software. | 9 |
an array of two or more piezoelectric drivers generates shear waves in a region of interest of a human undergoing a mre test . the use of the array of drivers allows for better diagnosis of disease of the humans or animals . | 6 |
a device and method for delivering an object within a patient , wherein the object is delivered in a preferred orientation relative to the delivery site of the patient . the delivery device has an alignment member that allows the object to be delivered intravascularly to the delivery site of the patient , wherein the object is delivered in a pre - determined orientation . the object may , for example , be non - symmetric or include a configuration that requires delivery to the site in only one suitable orientation relative to the delivery site . such objects may be used , for example , to treat certain defects or injuries in vessels or organs within a patient &# 39 ; s body . | 0 |
an automatic control system enabling comprehensive operation of a reheat steam turbine with sliding or constant pressure boilers . the control system includes an hp control valve for regulating steam flow to the high - pressure turbine according to load and speed demands , an intercept valve for regulating steam flow to the low - pressure turbine and for reheater pressure control , and a bypass flow system for bypassing excess boiler steam during periods of low loading . the bypass system includes a high - pressure bypass sub - system and a low - pressure bypass sub - system , each having a flow control valve and provision for desuperheating the steam . a signal indicative of actual load demand and proportional to the product of boiler pressure and main control valve flow demand is produced . from the ald signal , reference functions are generated to effect control of the bypass valves . the intercept valve is controlled directly by the ald signal with a regulation factor inversely proportional to the minimum allowable reheat pressure . coordinated valve control is effected during all principal phases of turbine operation . | 5 |
Beyond our Solar System, aurorae have been inferred from radio observations of isolated brown dwarfs<SUP>1,2</SUP>. Within our Solar System, giant planets have auroral emission with signatures across the electromagnetic spectrum including infrared emission of H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> and methane. Isolated brown dwarfs with auroral signatures in the radio have been searched for corresponding infrared features, but only null detections have been reported<SUP>3</SUP>. CWISEP J193518.59-154620.3. (W1935 for short) is an isolated brown dwarf with a temperature of approximately 482 K. Here we report James Webb Space Telescope observations of strong methane emission from W1935 at 3.326 μm. Atmospheric modelling leads us to conclude that a temperature inversion of approximately 300 K centred at 1-10 mbar replicates the feature. This represents an atmospheric temperature inversion for a Jupiter-like atmosphere without irradiation from a host star. A plausible explanation for the strong inversion is heating by auroral processes, although other internal and external dynamical processes cannot be ruled out. The best-fitting model rules out the contribution of H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> emission, which is prominent in Solar System gas giants. However, this is consistent with rapid destruction of H<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> at the higher pressure where the W1935 emission originates<SUP>4</SUP>. | 9 |
magenta chromophore dyes which are stabilized by adding steric hindering groups to protect the imino carbons ; nonlimiting examples of the steric hindering groups being phenyl , methyl , ethyl , isopropyl , fluoride , chloride , bromide and iodide groups . | 2 |
a device for neutralizing the access to an integrated - circuit zone to be protected . a fuse section providing a connection between an access terminal and an integrated circuit zone to be protected is connected by means of the fuse end portion located nearest the zone to be protected to a junction obtained at the intersection of a layer of a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type in which the substrate of the integrated circuit is formed . this junction is reverse - biased during normal utilization of the circuit and forward - biased only when it is desired to melt the fuse , thus making the zone to be protected irreversibly inaccessible . | 8 |
an apparatus includes a hub , a first disk , a second disk , and a spacer . the hub is supported for relative rotation about a stationary component . the first disk is mounted to the hub with a first dynamic resonance mode associated therewith . the second disk is mounted to the hub with a second dynamic resonance mode associated therewith . the spacer is positioned between the first disk and the second disk , wherein the spacer is operable to cause the first dynamic resonance mode to be different from the second dynamic resonance mode . | 6 |
a convertible bag with storage compartments , pockets , and bottle compartments for carrying diapers , bottles , childcare supplies , or other general items . the bag can convert into a sling for carrying a child . the storage compartments , pockets , and bottle compartments of the convertible bag can still be accessed by a user even when a child is being carried in the converted sling configuration . | 0 |
a moisture sensor includes a pair of electrode plates separated by a moisture absorbent material that forms the dielectric of a capacitive sensor . as the absorbent dielectric material absorbs moisture , such as perspiration , the capacitance of the sensor changes reflecting a quantitative measure of perspiration absorbed . the sensor can be stabilized by capacitively coupling the dielectric material to the skin of the user to improve sensor stability and noise rejection . the sensor can include a capacitive sensing integrated circuit that measures the capacitance of the sensor in close proximity to the electrodes to limit the introduction of noise . | 0 |
a wind turbine engine comprising rotor blades disposed within an outer casing and a half - spherical head located in front of the rotor blades and blocking the inner 50 % of the radius of the rotor blades , the casing and head creating an acceleration chamber wherein incoming wind is speeded up and redirected around the head , and the accelerated wind then rotates the wind turbine rotor blades to generate power . | 5 |
the present invention relates to a new and improved process for the removal of urea entrained in air streams by passing the particulate - laden air through a mist eliminator or a demister , the surface of which is continuously contacted with multiple water sprays to wash the water soluble contaminants from the surface of the demister . | 1 |
the invention provides a fully human anti - her2 monoclonal antibody , which has an amino acid sequence of heavy chain variable region as shown in seq id no : 6 and an amino acid sequence of light chain variable region as shown in seq id no : 8 . the invention also discloses the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody , the expression vector and the host cell comprising the nucleotide sequence , and the use of the antibody for manufacturing the medicament for the treatment of tumor . | 2 |
this invention relates to rechargeable manganese dioxide cells , and particularly to the cathodes therefore . in keeping with the present invention , the cathodes are essentially unconstrained -- that is , no cage is used in the cell between the cathodes and the anodes . the cathode is restricted from significantly changing its dimensions during discharge of the cell , when it is inclined to swell -- as opposed to the tendency of the cathode to contract during a charge cycle . the cathode substantially fills the entire space allotted for it within the cell , with a light accommodation for height - wise or longitudinal expansion or growth of the cathode of bobbin - type cells , or crosswise expansion or growth of button - type cells . there may be additives in the cathode mix , including particularly conductive fibres of graphite or other conductive materials ; and other materials may also be added to the cathode mix , including metallic additives . methods of manufacture are also provided by the present invention , including compaction and recompaction of the cathode pellet , and a range of compaction pressures is suggested . cells in keeping with the present invention are capable of exhibiting high current drain rates , and long cycle life . | 7 |
Giant star-forming regions (clumps) are widespread features of galaxies at z ≈ 1-4. Theory predicts that they can play a crucial role in galaxy evolution, if they survive to stellar feedback for >50 Myr. Numerical simulations show that clumps' survival depends on the stellar feedback recipes that are adopted. Up to date, observational constraints on both clumps' outflows strength and gas removal time-scale are still uncertain. In this context, we study a line-emitting galaxy at redshift z ≃ 3.4 lensed by the foreground galaxy cluster Abell 2895. Four compact clumps with sizes ≲280 pc and representative of the low-mass end of clumps' mass distribution (stellar masses ≲2 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) dominate the galaxy morphology. The clumps are likely forming stars in a starbursting mode and have a young stellar population (~10 Myr). The properties of the Lyman-α (Lyα) emission and nebular far-ultraviolet absorption lines indicate the presence of ejected material with global outflowing velocities of ~200-300 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Assuming that the detected outflows are the consequence of star formation feedback, we infer an average mass loading factor (η) for the clumps of ~1.8-2.4 consistent with results obtained from hydrodynamical simulations of clumpy galaxies that assume relatively strong stellar feedback. Assuming no gas inflows (semiclosed box model), the estimates of η suggest that the time-scale over which the outflows expel the molecular gas reservoir (≃7 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) of the four detected low-mass clumps is ≲50 Myr. | 9 |
disclosed is a method of fabricating a semiconductor device that includes field effect transistors each having a gate electrode formed only of a metal silicide which overcomes the problem of depletion of the gate and makes adjustment of a work function easier , and that has a high integration with the existing process and a high cost performance . the method fabricates a semiconductor substrate , a gate electrode formed on the semiconductor substrate via a gate insulating layer , and a source and a drain having an elevated structure with the gate electrode in between , and includes a step at which the gate electrode is silicidized to form a metal silicide . | 7 |
a light measuring device for a single lens reflex camera wherein a reflection member having a slant surface is provided at the rear of an exit plane of a pentagonal roof prism and locating to be outside of the viewfinder light path , and the effect by undesired incident light is eliminated by a mirror formed by the slant surface placed in front of the light receiving element or photosensitive device , which light once enters into the pentagonal prism from the ocular lens and is reflected at the bottom surface thus again comes out of the surface of the pentagonal prism facing the ocular lens to proceed toward the photosensitive device . | 6 |
the present invention relates to the plasma display panel module that integrates a sustainer board and reduces electromagnetic interference . the plasma display panel module includes a plasma display panel that includes scan electrode lines , sustain electrode lines , and a data electrode lines , an integration driving board that drives scan electrode lines and sustain electrode lines , a first electric current path that is connected between the integration driving board and the scan electrode lines , a second electric current path that is connected between the integration driving board and the sustain electrode lines , and a metal plate to release heat by a plasma display panel , which a penetration hole that the second electric current path penetrates is formed . | 7 |
We present results from the fitting of infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions of 21 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with clumpy torus models. We compiled high spatial resolution (∼0.3-0.7 arcsec) mid-IR (MIR) N-band spectroscopy, Q-band imaging, and nuclear near- and MIR photometry from the literature. Combining these nuclear near- and MIR observations, far-IR photometry, and clumpy torus models enables us to put constraints on the torus properties and geometry. We divide the sample into three types according to the broad line region (BLR) properties: type-1s, type-2s with scattered or hidden broad line region (HBLR) previously observed, and type-2s without any published HBLR signature (NHBLR). Comparing the torus model parameters gives us the first quantitative torus geometrical view for each subgroup. We find that NHBLR AGNs have smaller torus opening angles and larger covering factors than HBLR AGNs. This suggests that the chance to observe scattered (polarized) flux from the BLR in NHBLR could be reduced by the dual effects of (a) less scattering medium due to the reduced scattering volume given the small torus opening angle and (b) the increased torus obscuration between the observer and the scattering region. These effects give a reasonable explanation for the lack of observed HBLR in some type-2 AGNs. | 9 |
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are bursts of electromagnetic energy that are released when supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies violently disrupt a star that passes too close<SUP>1</SUP>. TDEs provide a window through which to study accretion onto supermassive black holes; in some rare cases, this accretion leads to launching of a relativistic jet<SUP>2-9</SUP>, but the necessary conditions are not fully understood. The best-studied jetted TDE so far is Swift J1644+57, which was discovered in γ-rays, but was too obscured by dust to be seen at optical wavelengths. Here we report the optical detection of AT2022cmc, a rapidly fading source at cosmological distance (redshift z = 1.19325) the unique light curve of which transitioned into a luminous plateau within days. Observations of a bright counterpart at other wavelengths, including X-ray, submillimetre and radio, supports the interpretation of AT2022cmc as a jetted TDE containing a synchrotron `afterglow', probably launched by a supermassive black hole with spin greater than approximately 0.3. Using four years of Zwicky Transient Facility<SUP>10</SUP> survey data, we calculate a rate of 0.0 2<SUB>−0.01</SUB><SUP>+0.04</SUP> Gpc<SUP>−3</SUP> yr<SUP>−1</SUP> for on-axis jetted TDEs on the basis of the luminous, fast-fading red component, thus providing a measurement complementary to the rates derived from X-ray and radio observations<SUP>11</SUP>. Correcting for the beaming angle effects, this rate confirms that approximately 1 per cent of TDEs have relativistic jets. Optical surveys can use AT2022cmc as a prototype to unveil a population of jetted TDEs. | 9 |
new data center heat removal systems and methods allow a combination of active and passive thermal processes for removing heat from and cooling air in data center environments . systems and methods include a data center heat removal system including an adjustable thermal feed cold air intake system , a distribution system for cold and warm air including one or more hot aisles and one or more cold aisles , and a convection system to draw cool air through data center equipment using a naturally - occurring convection processes to expel hot air . misters , cooling elements , and / or freezer boxes may further cool the intake of air . a controller is programmed to efficiently manage and control the climate within a data center to minimize the use for energy for air distribution and cooling . | 7 |
the present invention relates to a high yield process for producing soluble dietary fiber from corn hull . more specifically , the present invention comprises removing starch and protein with enzymes from corn hull which is by - product of wet - milling process for production of corn starch , extracting the resultant with alkaline solution to form a alkaline extract , treating the alkaline extract with enzymes , and drying the enzyme - treated solution , to produce dietary fiber with low viscosity and containing hemicellulose as a major component at high yield . | 0 |
a satellite - based emission and reception device , intended to receive and to process radiofrequency signals originating from an uplink and then to emit the processed signals on a downlink towards terrestrial users , comprises a power divider , two independent frequency converters and two input demultiplexers connected respectively at the output of the two corresponding frequency converters , each frequency converter being controlled by a dedicated local oscillator , the two local oscillators operating at one and the same frequency , the two input demultiplexers comprising channel filters operating in different , disjoint frequency sub - bands spaced apart in frequency , two adjacent frequency sub - bands being filtered by two channel filters belonging to different input demultiplexers . | 7 |
Gravitational waves from coalescing neutron stars encode information about nuclear matter at extreme densities, inaccessible by laboratory experiments. The late inspiral is influenced by the presence of tides, which depend on the neutron star equation of state. Neutron star mergers are expected to often produce rapidly rotating remnant neutron stars that emit gravitational waves. These will provide clues to the extremely hot post-merger environment. This signature of nuclear matter in gravitational waves contains most information in the 2-4 kHz frequency band, which is outside of the most sensitive band of current detectors. We present the design concept and science case for a Neutron Star Extreme Matter Observatory (NEMO): a gravitational-wave interferometer optimised to study nuclear physics with merging neutron stars. The concept uses high-circulating laser power, quantum squeezing, and a detector topology specifically designed to achieve the high-frequency sensitivity necessary to probe nuclear matter using gravitational waves. Above 1 kHz, the proposed strain sensitivity is comparable to full third-generation detectors at a fraction of the cost. Such sensitivity changes expected event rates for detection of post-merger remnants from approximately one per few decades with two A+ detectors to a few per year and potentially allow for the first gravitational-wave observations of supernovae, isolated neutron stars, and other exotica. | 9 |
a biomarker and a method for evaluating a risk for parkinson &# 39 ; s disease are disclosed . the method comprises : obtaining a sample from a tester , analyzing the polymorphic biomarker of the sample , wherein the biomarker is substrate - specifying subunit of scf e3 ubiquitin ligase complex - fbxo7 gene ; and when the cdna sequence in position 155 of the biomarker is g or the amino acid sequence in position 52 of the biomarker is cysteine , it represents that the tester has a lower risk for parkinson &# 39 ; s disease . | 2 |
We present a comparative analysis of the properties of passive, star-forming and transition (green valley) galaxies in four discrete environments: field, groups, the outskirts and the core of X-ray clusters. We construct samples of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in these environments so that they are bound to have similar redshift distributions. The classification of galaxies into the three sequences is based on the UV-optical colour NUV - r. We study a number of galaxy properties: stellar mass, morphology, specific star formation rate and the history of star formation. The analysis of green valley (GV) galaxies reveals that the physical mechanisms responsible for external quenching become more efficient moving from the field to denser environments. We confirm previous findings that GV galaxies have intermediate morphologies; moreover, we find that this appears to be independent of the environment. Regarding the stellar mass of GV galaxies, we find that they tend to be more massive in the field than in denser environments. On average, GV galaxies account for ∼ 20 per cent of all galaxies in groups and X-ray clusters. We find evidence that the field environment is inefficient in transforming low-mass galaxies. GV galaxies have average star formation histories intermediate between passive and star-forming galaxies, and have a clear and consistent dependence on the environment: both, the quenching time and the amplitude of the star formation rate, decrease towards higher density environments. | 9 |
a method / system for controlling downshifting in an automated mechanical transmission system utilized on a vehicle . when a downshift from a currently engaged ratio is required , skip downshifts and then single downshifts are evaluated in sequence . if throttle demand is high , skip downshifts are evaluated to determine if they can be completed at no greater than a reference value , which is higher than otherwise allowed . | 8 |
//********************************************************************************* // // Copyright (C) 2020 Dr. Alexander Rothkopf // // This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. // To view a copy of this license, visit // https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 // //********************************************************************************* This software implements the classical statistical simulation of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory in (classical) thermal equilibrium in (3+1)d, based on the naive Wilson plaquette action. Formulated as Hamiltonian equations of motion in temporal gauge, the time evolution is implemented via the symplectic leap-frog scheme. Distribution of the computation among different computing nodes relies on the PETSC library (tested on v.3.14). In order to compile the source code, the PETSC_DIR and PETSC_ARCH variables must be correctly set in the make-file "MakefilePETSC". In addition the code requires the presence of the Eigen library (tested on v.3.3.9), whose path must also be set in the make-file. In order to ensure that the code can be compiled in the long term, the corresponding versions of both libraries are included in the source code package. | 9 |
the invention provides methods for making naturally appearing dental restorations , compositions of matter used in said methods and articles so formed , the resulting articles being visually life - like dental porcelain restorations formed of porcelain layers at least certain of which are modified to cause light entering a restoration to be internally reflected within the layers of the restoration to produce an opalescence virtually identical to that of natural teeth . porcelain layers unique to the present dental restorations include colored pigments or chromas selected to replace those chromatic values which are usually absorbed within conventional porcelain restorations , the present restorations therefore transmitting essentially the same high value of light back out of the restorations which initially entered the restorations . the present restorations blend visually with adjacent natural teeth since light exiting both the restorations and the adjacent teeth enter each other and are internally reflected with similar high light values which initially entered the restorations and teeth being transmitted from said restorations and teeth to an observer . | 0 |
a data processing apparatus has a direct access non - volatile memory storage device having a plurality of extent files for storing log records therein ; an allocating unit for allocating a current extent file to be used for storing log records ; a writing unit for writing log records into the current extent file until the current extent file cannot store any further log records ; and a key - pointing unit for performing a key - pointing operation on the written log records when the writing unit has reached the point where no further log records can be stored in the current extent file . | 6 |
an mri machine rf body coil is arranged so that it can also function as a hyperthermia treatment apparatus by arranging the rf body coil as an array of individual antenna element connected to each other by individually controllable switches and feedthrough elements . | 6 |
a portable surface cleaning apparatus has a base for movement along a surface to be cleaned and an upright handle pivotally attached to a rearward portion of the base . a fluid dispensing nozzle for applying fluid to the surface and a suction nozzle for picking up fluid and debris from the surface are associated with the base . a clean water holding tank and a detergent holding tank are removably mounted to the handle while a recovery tank is removably mounted to the base . a mixing valve is fluidly connected between the holding tanks and the spray nozzle for changing the mixing ratio of the detergent with respect to the water . the fluid recovery tank includes an integrally molded conduit that extends from the suction nozzle and a mounting for an accessory hose that interrupts the fluid path from the suction nozzle in the conduit and redirects fluid flow through the hose . a pump is fluidly connected between the mixing valve and the dispensing nozzle and includes a pump priming valve that operates on negative air pressure to clear air from the fluid lines during pump operation . a free floating brush is pivotally attached to the base for automatically adjusting to different surface conditions during cleaning operations . | 1 |
a submersible pump housing with seal bleed ports is provided . in an implementation , a pump housing for electric submersible pumps , such as a centrifugal esp , has end seals that are located inside or further inboard toward the high thrust pressure generated by the pump , than the threaded ends of the pump housing . the inboard seals contain and seal off the pump pressure and spare the threaded regions that are more pressure - vulnerable from the pump &# 39 ; s high pressure interior , thereby increasing the pressure rating of the entire housing . leak ports or bleed ports are provided further outboard of the end seals to relieve fluid seeping from inside the submersible pump housing past each end seal . a plate may be added to direct small amounts of fluid escaping from the end seals away from the wellbore casing in which an esp is situated . | 8 |
an adaptive receiving antenna reduces interference arriving in the main beam of the antenna by redirecting the antenna beam away from the interference source . the receiving antenna projects the main beam to receive desired source signals from a source direction and may receive interfering signals from the interfering source . the antenna system measures the strength of the source signal and interference signal for controlling the direction of the main beam to marginally decrease the received desired source signal while substantially decreasing the received interfering signal to increase the desired source signal to interfering signal ratio so that the desired source signal can be received in the presence of interference . | 7 |
Context. To quantitatively decode the information stored within an observed spectrum, detailed modelling of the physical state and accurate radiative transfer solution schemes are required. The accuracy of the model is then typically evaluated by comparing the calculated and observed spectra. In the analysis of stellar spectra, the numerical model often needs to account for binary companions and 3D structures in the stellar envelopes. The enigmatic binary (or multiple) system LB-1 constitutes a perfect example of such a complex multi-D problem. Thus far, the LB-1 system has been indirectly investigated by 1D stellar-atmosphere codes and by spectral disentangling techniques, yielding differing conclusions about the nature of the system (e.g., a B-star and black-hole binary with an accretion disc around the black hole or a stripped-star and Be-star binary system have been proposed). <BR /> Aims: To improve our understanding of the LB-1 system, we directly modelled the phase-dependent H<SUB>α</SUB> line profiles of this system. To this end, we developed and present a multi-purpose binary-object spectral-synthesis code in 3D (BOSS-3D). <BR /> Methods: BOSS-3D calculates synthetic line profiles for a given state of the circumstellar material. The standard pz-geometry commonly used for single stars is extended by defining individual coordinate systems for each involved object and by accounting for the appropriate coordinate transformations. The code is then applied to the LB-1 system, considering two main hypotheses, a binary containing a stripped star and Be star, or a B star and a black hole with a disc. <BR /> Results: Comparing these two scenarios, neither model can reproduce the detailed phase-dependent shape of the H<SUB>α</SUB> line profiles. A satisfactory match with the observations, however, is obtained by invoking a disc around the primary object in addition to the Be-star disc or the black-hole accretion disc. <BR /> Conclusions: The developed code can be used to model synthetic line profiles for a wide variety of binary systems, ranging from transit spectra of planetary atmospheres, to post-asymptotic giant branch binaries including circumstellar and circumbinary discs and massive-star binaries with stellar winds and disc systems. For the LB-1 system, our modelling provides strong evidence that each object in the system contains a disc-like structure. | 9 |
an exercise device includes a first strap portion having a first elongate portion and a second elongate portion joined together along a common longitudinal axis at varying points to define a first plurality of loops , a second strap portion having a third elongate portion and a fourth elongate portion joined together along a second common longitudinal axis at varying points to define a second plurality of loops , and an anchoring device . the first strap portion and the second strap portion are coupled to one another and the anchoring device is configured to hold or secure the coupled first and second strap portions such that the first plurality of loops and the second plurality of loops extend substantially symmetrically away from the anchoring device . | 0 |
a hybrid connector system comprising a special jack , a standard coaxial plug effective to make contact with the jack in one mode when inserted therein , and a wire pair plug operable to engage the special jack in another mode when plugged thereinto , the wire pair plug element being adaptable to , or configured especially for , use with shielded twisted pair cables , unshielded twisted pair cables , or ordinary telephone lines . the jack or socket member has first second and third concentric contact members , two of which are arranged to engage respectively , the central and shell contacts of a coaxial cable plug . the third of the contact elements of the socket member is interposed between the first and second contact elements , and the three contact elements are positioned to engage corresponding contact elements of the special plug which , when inserted into the socket completes connection to first and second ones of a wire pair and , optionally , a shield of such wire pair . switch means are arranged to be operated between open and closed conditions by one of the kinds of plugs which the hybrid jack is designed to receive . | 7 |
the invention is a digital radiation detector utilizing the stable timing functions of a microcontroller or plurality of microcontrolling devices to perform three independent functions . a first timer generates a continuous square wave output that is fed through a class b amplifier to yield a stable , drift - free power supply for a connected radiation sensor . a second timer is used as an event counter for counting the processed pulses coming from the radiation sensor . a third timer acts as a real time clock generating a one - second interrupt for quantifying the number of counts per second . the number of counts per second can be communicated as raw data through a communication interface or presented as a number of audible or visual displays . | 6 |
The samples returned from asteroid Ryugu were collected both at its surface and at its subsurface by Hayabusa2 and can, thus, provide information on the space weathering of C-type asteroids at different depths without terrestrial contamination. The near-infrared hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega gathered data on the -OH feature at ~2.7 μm for 177 individual grains from the two collection sites. Here, through a spectral analysis of these data, we show that the position of the band peak can be used as an indicator of the degree of space weathering. Most subsurficial grains do not present space weathering features, indicating that Ryugu's subsurface layers have never been exposed to the interplanetary medium. Moreover, the ~2.7 μm feature for the Ryugu samples is narrower than that observed for CI chondrites, which are the closest meteorite analogues to Ryugu, suggesting that these contain more absorbed molecular water than Ryugu due to terrestrial aqueous contamination. We conclude that Ryugu samples should be considered as a reference for the primordial water abundance within primitive bodies. | 9 |
a process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and / or digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition , is described . the process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling . the process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good , particularly as measured by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the structural carbohydrates . the monosaccharides are used as animal feeds and energy sources for ethanol production . | 2 |
method and arrangements for reducing crosstalk between conductors on a conductor carrier , and methods for manufacturing conductor carriers including these arrangements are presented . crosstalk between the conductors is prevented by providing a dielectric material in the space between each conductor and an earth plane so that the electric field can be tied down within this space and thus prevent leakage of field lines to the co - lateral conductors . the capacitance is increased by an arrangement in the space immediately beneath the conductor so as to reduce the distance between conductors and the earth plane and / or through the medium of a dielectric material that has a higher dielectric index εr than the dielectric material . | 7 |
In this paper we used the theory of adiabatic radial oscillations developed by Chandrasekhar to study the conditions for dynamical stability of constant energy-density stars, or Schwarzschild stars, in the unstudied ultra compact regime beyond the Buchdahl limit, that is, for configurations with radius R in the range , where is the Schwarzschild radius of the star. These recently found analytical solutions exhibit a negative pressure region in their centre and, in the limit when , the full interior region of the star becomes filled with negative pressure. Here we present a systematic analysis of the stability of these configurations against radial perturbations. We found that, contrary to the usual expectation found in many classical works, the ultra compact Schwarzschild star is stable against radial oscillations. We computed values of the critical adiabatic index for several stellar models with varying radius and found that it also approaches a finite value as . | 9 |
the invention relates to an electromotor comprising a housing which consists of a ferromagnetic material and a rotationally driven shaft which is located in said housing . said housing comprises at least one bearing shield , with a bearing for the shaft . the bearing has sensor means for determining the state of rotation of the shaft . according to the invention , the bearing is accommodated in a screening bushing which is located in a bearing receiving opening of the bearing shield and which consists of a non - ferromagnetic material . a cover bushing consisting of ferromagnetic material which is connected to the bearing shield and which surrounds the shaft is provided , and surrounds the bearing and the screening bushing on the inside of the housing . | 5 |
an device for occluding a body lumen such as a reproductive lumen which includes an occluding component having an impervious barrier to provide initial occlusion of the body lumen and a permeable body to facilitate tissue ingrowth which provides long term occlusion of the body lumen . the device and the method of using the device is particularly suitable for contraception . | 0 |
a system allocates shared memory by transmitting / receiving a message specifying a maximum number of bytes of memory that are available to be allocated to an interleaver . the system determines an amount of memory required by the interleaver to interleave a first plurality of rs coded data bytes within a shared memory and allocates a first number of bytes of the shared memory to the interleaver to interleave the first plurality of rs coded data bytes for transmission at a first data rate . the system also allocates a second number of bytes of the shared memory to a deinterleaver to deinterleave a second plurality of rs coded data bytes received at a second data rate and interleaves the first plurality of rs coded data bytes within the shared memory allocated to the interleaver and deinterleaves the second plurality of rs coded data bytes within the shared memory allocated to the deinterleaver . | 7 |
the invention relates to a method and a trading system for consolidating messages in intermediate server layers . it is operated in at least one of a data - and telecommunication network . message distribution is introduced by collecting and distributing them through hold - back time frames , thereby , eliminating transactional overhead and achieving a substantial gain in message throughput time in the trading system . | 7 |
We present the first results from SPHINX-MHD, a suite of cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations designed to study the impact of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on galaxy formation and the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of reionization. The simulations are among the first to employ multifrequency, on-the-fly radiation transfer and constrained transport ideal MHD in a cosmological context to simultaneously model the inhomogeneous process of reionization as well as the growth of primordial magnetic fields. We run a series of $(5\, \text{cMpc})^3$ cosmological volumes, varying both the strength of the seed magnetic field and its spectral index. We find that PMFs with a spectral index (n<SUB>B</SUB>) and a comoving amplitude (B<SUB>0</SUB>) that have $\scriptstyle{n_B \gt -0.562\log _{10}\left(\frac{B_0}{1{\rm n}G}\right) - 3.35}$ produce electron optical depths (τ<SUB>e</SUB>) that are inconsistent with CMB constraints due to the unrealistically early collapse of low-mass dwarf galaxies. For n<SUB>B</SUB> ≥ -2.9, our constraints are considerably tighter than the ~nG constraints from Planck. PMFs that do not satisfy our constraints have little impact on the reionization history or the shape of the UV luminosity function. Likewise, detecting changes in the Ly α forest due to PMFs will be challenging because photoionization and photoheating efficiently smooth the density field. However, we find that the first absorption feature in the global 21-cm signal is a particularly sensitive indicator of the properties of the PMFs, even for those that satisfy our τ<SUB>e</SUB> constraint. Furthermore, strong PMFs can marginally increase the escape of LyC photons by up to 25 per cent and shrink the effective radii of galaxies by $\sim 44{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ which could increase the completeness fraction of galaxy surveys. Finally, our simulations show that surveys with a magnitude limit of ${\rm \mathit{ M}_{UV,1500\,\mathring{\rm A}}=-13}$ can probe the sources that provide the majority of photons for reionization out to z = 12. | 9 |
a resilient flexure has one end attached within a cavity in a rigid member , and the other end attached within a cavity in a structural mode . the cavities are shaped to limit the flexure &# 39 ; s bend radius . the member and the node have mating surfaces that abut to constrain the amount of rotation of the member . the aforementioned elements are shaped to prevent the strain in the flexure from exceeding its design limit when the joint is at its maximum angular deflection and the attached member is fully collapsed . | 8 |
steam power plants utilize high pressure and low pressure feedwater heaters to increase overall system efficiency . both types of feedwater heaters generally include a subcooling zone that is separate from a condensing zone . the viability of the separation of the zones is critical to the efficiency of the overall system , specifically with regard to the inefficiencies inherent in the leakage of steam from the condensing zone into the subcooling zone . an improvement in the viability of that zone separation for such feedwater heaters is taught by the use of dual end plates for the subcooling zone to create a triple layer of separation between the condensing and subcooling zones to prevent unwanted and inefficient steam leakage . | 8 |
a method and a network element for determining cell - based values of a parameter of a selected active uplink transport channel multiplexed with other transport channels to a dedicated physical channel . it is proposed that a value for the parameter of the selected uplink transport channel is computed in predetermined periods of time based on the value of at least one available parameter associated to the dedicated physical channel . further it is determined for the predetermined periods of time for each of the transport channels whether it is active in the respective period of time . those periods of time for which it was determined that any other than the selected transport channel was active are excluded from supplying a relevant value for the parameter of the selected active uplink transport channel . | 7 |
a sheet feeder including a rotateable feed roller for feeding sheets in a path of travel and retarding apparatus operatively coupled with the feed roller for forming a nip therebetween ; wherein the retarding apparatus rotates along with the feed roller when a single sheet is in the nip and the retarding apparatus does not rotate when a plurality of sheets are in the nip . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a data processing and retrieval system for use in a self - checkout system utilized in a retail facility . a plurality of customers are provided with a portable data collecting terminal having a bar code reader . once the data is collected using the portable terminal , a record of the session is uploaded to a customer &# 39 ; s data file upon the entry of an authorization code . in the event errors occur during data entry or in the entry of the authorization codes , a customer service desk is provided which assists the customer in completing the transaction . | 6 |
retail merchants , third - party manufacturers , and / or distributors of retail goods market and distribute promotions to consumers based on the consumers &# 39 ; transaction histories and / or award promotions to consumers targeted to a specific item , class or category of item , or characteristic of an item . the promotion redeems and is applied automatically to reduce the purchase amount when the consumer presents a payment method for a transaction for the purchase of a targeted item . | 6 |
quinolonecarboxylic acid intermediates useful in the preparation of antibacterial 6 - fluoro - 7 - substituted - quinolonecarboxylic aids are prepared from 2 -- 3 - fluoro - 4 -- phenyl carboxylic acid or ester . | 2 |
a head cap adapted to secure to the working head of a wrench . the head cap includes a generally flat plate portion having a peripheral edge and first and second wing portions that extend from said peripheral edge in generally parallel , opposed relation to one another and are oriented so as to engage the working head of the wrench . the flat plate portion has an exposed upper surface suitable for locating selected indicia . | 1 |
the system contains the active inceptor having mobility in a first direction . a feedback mechanism is in communication with the active inceptor . the mechanism provides a variable level of force to the active inceptor in the first direction . a programmable device communicates with the feedback mechanism . the programmable device controls the level of force provided to the active inceptor from the feedback mechanism . the programmable device is capable of recognizing and distinguishing between regimes wherein the operator is physically engaging the inceptor and when the operator is “ hands - off ” the inceptor . the programmable device limits the maximum rate of displacement of an active inceptor to a specified safe and effective value regardless of changes in forces applied by the variable force feel feedback mechanism . the limit on rate of change of active inceptor position is varied based on the recognized “ hands - on ” or “ hands - off ” state and the type of tactile cue to satisfy otherwise conflicting requirements for failure robustness and effective tactile cueing during highly dynamic operations . | 1 |
in a centre for machining workpieces , of the type comprising a machine frame , a machining table for workpieces held on pallets and a device for pallet changing , it is proposed that the table be arranged above the pallets , and the workpieces or a device carrying the workpiece or workpieces project downwards from the pallet during machining . | 8 |
the invention provides a composition useful in the construction industry for the prevention or remediation of mold growth in a man made structure . the composition contains an extruded milo matrix incorporating terpenes , phytoalexins , calcium propionate or combinations of these chemicals having antifungal activity . methods of making and using the compositions are also disclosed . | 0 |
a marine vessel is disclosed having a control system for automatically controlling thrusters for steering the marine vessel for the purpose of aiding an angler who has hooked a fish . the control system will automatically control the thrusters based on the positions of the propulsion unit control levers if the control levers are split . the control system may also control the thrusters if the propulsion unit control levers have moved past a predetermined threshold . the predetermined threshold can be set by the operator of the marine vessel . | 1 |
the invention features an output driver for integrated circuits that includes a driver that has a data input connected to the integrated circuit , a data output connected to a transmission line leading to the external circuit , and impedance adjusting means for adjusting the output impedance of the driver circuit according to determinable impedance adjusting data . the output driver also includes a dummy circuit having a dummy driver circuit and transmission line , and an impedance control circuit for controlling the output impedance of the driver circuit . the impedance control circuit controls the impedance of the driver circuit by determining the impedance adjusting data ( necessary for matching the output impedance of the dummy driver circuit to the characteristic impedance of the dummy transmission line and outputting the determined impedance adjusting data to the impedance adjusting means of the driver circuit . | 7 |
a fuel cell system enables time required for purging to be reduced without a major increase in discharge gas concentration at a time of purging . it comprises a fuel cell ; a fuel gas supply path for supplying the fuel gas to an anode ; an oxidizing gas supply path for supplying an oxidizing gas to a cathode ; a fuel gas circulating path for returning an unreacted fuel gas to an anode inlet side ; a dilution box for diluting the fuel gas by the oxidizing gas and for discharging it to outside ; and a fuel gas discharge path connecting the fuel gas circulating path and a dilution box discharge gas inlet . a drain valve , a purge valve and an air discharge valve are provided , opening areas of which are different from one another . the drain valve with a smallest opening area is initially opened . | 7 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for testing tensile strength of microfilaments . fibers as small as 0 . 001 inch in diameter and 0 . 04 inches in length have been tested , although the method and apparatus of the invention are capable of testing fibers of smaller diameter and length . the invention utilizes a method wherein one or both ends of a microfilament is gripped using resin which is softened sufficiently to accept an end of the microfilament and then allowed to harden . the invention also employs the use of a translation stage capable of controlled three - dimensional movement suited to facilitating gripping of the microfilament . | 6 |
The escape process of particles accelerated at supernova remnant (SNR) shocks is one of the poorly understood aspects of the shock acceleration theory. Here we adopt a phenomenological approach to study the particle escape and its impact on the gamma-ray spectrum resulting from hadronic collisions both inside and outside of a middle-aged SNR. Under the assumption that in the spatial region immediately outside of the remnant the diffusion coefficient is suppressed with respect to the average Galactic one, we show that a significant fraction of particles are still located inside the SNR long time after their nominal release from the acceleration region. This fact results into a gamma-ray spectrum that resembles a broken power law, similar to those observed in several middle-aged SNRs. Above the break, the spectral steepening is determined by the diffusion coefficient outside of the SNR and by the time dependence of maximum energy. Consequently, the comparison between the model prediction and actual data will contribute to determining these two quantities, the former being particularly relevant within the predictions of the gamma-ray emission from the halo of escaping particles around SNRs, which could be detected with future Cherenkov telescope facilities. We also calculate the spectrum of runaway particles injected into the Galaxy by an individual remnant. Assuming that the acceleration stops before the SNR enters the snowplow phase, we show that the released spectrum can be a featureless power law only if the accelerated spectrum is ∝ p<SUP>-α</SUP> with α > 4. | 9 |
a reflector configured for reflecting light emitted from a light emitting diode toward a desired area is provided . the reflector defines a groove therein for accommodating the led . light emitted from the led is reflected by an inner surface of the reflector toward a desired area located below the reflector , wherein the light reflected out of the reflector travels along a direction opposite to the main emitting direction of the led . an led illumination device incorporating the reflector is also provided . | 5 |
peptides previously disclosed as useful for preventing hiv from binding to cell binding sites have now been shown to have thymoleptic qualities and to be useful for tretment of psoriasis in patients who lack antibodies against hiv . | 8 |
a reflective optics system that preferably requires the presence of both convex and a concave mirrors that have beam reflecting surfaces , the application of which achieves focusing of a beam of electromagnetic radiation onto a sample , , with minimized effects on a polarization state of an input beam state of polarization based on adjusted angles of incidence and reflections from the various mirrors involved . | 6 |
an improved for preparing n - substituted carbamate comprising reaction of a selected olefin or alcohol with a carbamate in the presence of a catalyst comprising a blend of a perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer and a perfluorinated polymer diluent in a substantially nonpolar reaction mixture . | 2 |
a method for controlling a power source of a forestry machine , wherein the power source utilizes directly or indirectly one or more work devices and / or handling devices positioned in the forestry machine and is controlled by a control unit . when the control unit in the forestry machine gives one or more work or handling devices a control command starting a change operation , it is transmitted substantially simultaneously to the power source . when arriving at the power source , one or more control commands requiring a power change of the power source affect control parameters of the power source , predicting the future load of the power source . | 5 |
provided is directed to a circuit for controlling a pulse width which can be adjustable to a next generation standard dram such as a high speed ddr2 or ddr3 as well as a high speed graphic dram for supplying various cas latencies by means of including : a mode register set for setting a plurality of cas latencies according to an operation frequency by a command inputted from a chip set ; and a pulse generation circuit for generating a pulse having a variable width by using a delay time according to the plurality of cas latencies set in the mode register set . | 6 |
an apparatus and method are provided for optimizing ion implantation uniformity in a workpiece , such as a semiconductor wafer , which includes an ion beam generator for generating an ion beam , a beam scanning mechanism for diverging the ion beam and generating substantially parallel ion beam trajectories towards the workpiece , and an ion beam detector for measuring the ion beam current of the parallel ion beam trajectories as a function of the position of the ion beam detector . a uniformity controller filters the ion beam current measured by the ion beam detector to at least one predetermined resolution range and generates a uniformity signal to the beam scanning mechanism in response to the filtered ion beam current so that the workpiece is uniformly implanted . the uniformity controller determines a controllable frequency range for optimizing ion implantation uniformity control by making controllable frequencies observable and uncontrollable frequencies unobservable . as a result , the uniformity controller observes and controls spacially distributed components of the profiled beam current for optimizing the implantation of doses to the workpiece in a time and cost efficient manner . | 7 |
in an integrated circuit fabrication sequence , a relatively thick sacrificial layer is deposited on a nonplanar surface of a device wafer in which high - resolution features are to be defined . the thick layer is characterized by a conforming lower surface and an essentially planar top surface and by the capability of being patterned in a high - resolution way . an intermediate masking layer and then a thin resist layer are deposited on the top surface of the sacrificial layer , the thickness of the resist layer being insufficient by itself to provide adequate step coverage if the resist layer were applied directly on the nonplanar surface . a high - resolution pattern defined in the resist layer is transferred into the intermediate masking layer . subsequently , a dry processing technique is utilized to replicate the pattern in the sacrificial layer . a high - resolution pattern with near - vertical sidewalls is thereby produced in the sacrificial layer . by means of the patterned sacrificial layer , high - resolution features are then defined in the underlying nonplanar surface . | 7 |
the present invention achieves technical advantages as a preamplifier write driver having a varying common - mode output voltage . this varying common - mode output voltage also adjusts the derivative of the common - mode voltage , which is proportional to the amount of current coupled onto the mr head through parasitic capacitance . currents of a first circuit and a second circuit are matched to overcome process variations and modeling errors . a pair of transresistance amplifiers are driven by control lines to achieve these matched currents . | 7 |
an improved method of framing data packets in a direct sequence spread spectrum system that uses one pseudo - noise code to frame the packet with a start - of - packet and end - of - packet indicator , and a different pn - code to encode the data payload . furthermore , the sop is represented by the framing pn - code , and the eop is represented by the inverse of the framing pn - code . this method creates a robust framing system that enables a dsss system to operate with a low threshold of detection , thus maximizing transmission range even in noisy environments . additionally , the pn - code used for the sop and eop indicators can be used to indicate an acknowledgement response . | 7 |
the invention provides cost effective cementiferous compositions having superior flow characteristics imparted by the incorporation therein of a copolymer of an ethylenically polymerizable carboxylic acid , an alkyl ester of a ethylenically polymerizable carboxylic acid and , optionally , a third ethylenically unsaturated comonomer . | 2 |
an apparatus and method for converting methane to methanol by partial oxidation comprises a source of methane , a source of oxygen , and a capillary tube having an outflow end and an inflow end communicating with the sources of methane and oxygen . an anode is positioned proximate to but spaced from the capillary tube . a voltage source negatively biases the capillary tube relative to the anode . a plasma jet flows from the outflow end of the capillary tube . the methane partially oxidizes into methanol in a reaction zone in the plasma jet . a collector receives the methanol in the plasma jet for subsequent condensation , separation and purification . | 7 |
a vertically stable permanent magnet levitation system for use in transportation comprises a pair of spaced parallel ferromagnetic rail members , a cobalt - rare earth permanent levitation magnet with transverse polarity orientation positioned between the rails with an air gap between both poles and the rails , a cargo - carrying vehicle supported by the magnet , and means for maintaining the levitation magnet in centered position with respect to the rails . | 1 |
a reciprocating tool in the nature of a dental handpiece is modified to carry a needle / cone assembly for use as a tattooing device . the needle / cone assembly includes a needle assembly trapped in a cone structure . the needle assembly includes a cap portion which is held by fingers in the handpiece to prevent rotation of the needle assembly , and a frangible neck which is broken on removal of the needle / cone assembly from the handpiece to prevent reuse of the needle assembly . a removable protective tube around the needles acts also as an insertion tool for the needle assembly . | 0 |
a method for auto - calibrating parameters in traffic prediction . the method includes determining a first subnet of traffic links that is associated with a plurality of traffic links in a traffic network . the method includes determining a second subnet of traffic links that is associated with the first subnet of traffic links and has a first traffic predicting accuracy value . the method includes generating a set of optimized traffic predicting parameters associated with the second subnet of traffic links , and applying the set of optimized traffic parameters onto a third subnet of traffic links . the method includes determining the set of optimized traffic predicting parameters used to calculate prediction results having a second traffic predicting accuracy value , and applying said set of optimized traffic predicting parameters to subnets associated with the traffic network . further , the first traffic predicting accuracy value is lower than the second traffic predicting accuracy value . | 6 |
The new frontier of cosmology will be led by three-dimensional surveys of the large-scale structure of the Universe. Based on its all-sky surveys and redshift depth, the SKA is destined to revolutionize cosmology, in combination with future optical/ infrared surveys such as Euclid and LSST. Furthermore, we will not have to wait for the full deployment of the SKA in order to see transformational science. In the first phase of deployment (SKA1), all-sky HI intensity mapping surveys and all-sky continuum surveys are forecast to be at the forefront on the major questions of cosmology. We give a broad overview of the major contributions predicted for the SKA. The SKA will not only deliver precision cosmology -- it will also probe the foundations of the standard model and open the door to new discoveries on large-scale features of the Universe. | 9 |
We present JWST and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging for the lensing system SPT0418‑47, which includes a strongly lensed, dusty, star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 4.225 and an associated multiply imaged companion. The JWST NIRCam and MIRI imaging observations presented in this paper were acquired as part of the Early Release Science program Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star formation (TEMPLATES). This data set provides robust mutiwavelength detections of stellar light in both the main (SPT0418A) and companion (SPT0418B) galaxies, while the ALMA detection of [C II] emission confirms that SPT0418B lies at the same redshift as SPT0418A. We infer that the projected physical separation of the two galaxies is 4.42 ± 0.05 kpc. We derive total magnifications of μ = 29 ± 1 and μ = 4.1 ± 0.7 for SPT0418A and SPT0418B, respectively. We use both PROSPECTOR and CIGALE to derive stellar masses. We find that SPT0418A has a stellar mass of <inline-formula> <tex-math> ${M}_{* }={3.4}_{-0.6}^{+1.1}\times {10}^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> from PROSPECTOR or M <SUB>*</SUB> = 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> from CIGALE. The stellar mass ratio of SPT0418A and SPT0418B is roughly between 4 and 7 (<inline-formula> <tex-math> ${4.2}_{-1.6}^{+1.9}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> for PROSPECTOR and 7.5 ± 3.7 for CIGALE). We see evidence of extended structure associated with SPT0418A that is suggestive of a tidal feature. These features, along with the close projected proximity, imply that the system is interacting. Interestingly, the star formation rates and stellar masses of both galaxies are consistent with the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at this epoch, indicating that this ongoing interaction has not noticeably elevated the star formation levels. | 9 |
a novel method of vehicle modulated administration of an anticonvulsive agent to the mucous membranes of humans and animals is disclosed . the vehicle system is an aqueous pharmaceutical carrier comprising an aliphatic alcohol or a glycol , and their combinations with a biological surfactant such as a bile salt or a lecithin . the pharmaceutical composition provides a means to control and promote the rate and extent of transmucosal permeation and absorption of the medicaments via a single and multiple administration . nasal administration of the pharmaceutical preparation produces a high plasma concentration of the anticonvulsant nearly as fast as intravenous administration . such compositions are particularly suitable for a prompt and timely medication of patients in the acute and / or emergency treatment of status epilepticus and other fever - induced seizures | 8 |
a vibrating actuator including a vibration member having an electro - mechanical energy conversion element and an electrode member for feeding an electrical signal to the electro - mechanical energy conversion element , a contact body , in press contact with the vibration member , for moving relative to the vibration member , and a case . the electrode member includes projecting portion in press contact with an electrically conductive member mounted on the case thereby to form an electrical connection therewith . | 7 |
the present invention is concerned with the development of a vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila for use especially in fish . the invention provides an immunogenic s - layer protein of approximately 50 kda of a . hydrophila for use in the development of a vaccine , as well as the nucleic acid encoding said protein and vaccines comprising said protein or nucleic acid encoding said protein . | 2 |
methods and apparatus are provided . light is received at a modulator of a projector . the light is reflected from the modulator , returned to the modulator , and re - reflected from the modulator . | 6 |
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