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both dairy and non - dairy based high protein ingredient systems that are available in either a liquid or dry powder blend . these ingredient system options have been balanced to provide a rich and creamy mouthfeel which can be easily added into a wide array of products to enhance their protein and nutritional levels without creating the sandy or gritty texture that typically forms . the liquid version has already been pasteurized or asceptically packaged for easy incorporation into other liquid products such as smoothies , yogurts , puddings , jells , toppings , fillings , carbonated or still beverages such as juices of milks , ice cream mixes , frozen yogurts and frozen desserts . the powdered version is designed to be easily blended into other dry mixes , batters , baked goods , cereals , dressings , hummus products , breads , and dry dessert mixes , while liquid additive versions may be added to water , milk products such as liquid milk and yogurt , etc . | 0 |
a combined needle and catheter assembly comprising a body in which is provided a plunger having the needle at one end with the catheter enclosing said needle with the tip exposed . a pusher is provided to move the plunger to the proximate end of the body to expose the needle with catheter and to lock the plunger in place against a spring which biases the plunger toward the distal position in the body . after use of the needle with the catheter moved into place , a release is employed to permit the plunger with needle to be driven back into the body , permitting the catheter to be separated from the body and ready for use . | 0 |
an improved output unit used in recording information on a recording medium is disclosed which comprises a plurality of output parts and in which recording of information is carried out while changing the relative position between the output from the output parts and the recording medium . the improved output unit according to the invention is characterized in that the output parts are arranged in rows in a predetermined direction and are disposed in such a manner that information may be put out selectively from the output parts so as to prevent information from being recorded in overlapping fashion on the recording medium in a manner as often occurs in the conventional unit . spacing between the output parts is selected large enough that the output parts are easy to manufacture . since a plurality of output parts can be operated very effectively , extremely high recording efficiency is achieved using the information output unit according to the invention . also , it is possible to use a recording medium having a relatively low sensitivity and which is generally cheap in cost , for carrying out a high speed recording . | 6 |
an amplifier level - setting apparatus is provided for obtaining the maximum power output and highest efficiency allowable for a predetermined level of distortion . according to the invention , a training signal is applied to the input of the amplifier prior to the desired signal . the training signal level is increased while the output distortion is measured . when the output distortion level reaches a predetermined limit , the corresponding training signal input level is saved . the input signal level is then adjusted to this saved level value , thereby resulting in the maximum amplifier output level possible that is still within the distortion limit . | 7 |
We present the first Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric observations in a portion of the outer Galaxy (216.°5 <~ l <~ 225.°5 and -2° <~ b <~ 0°) as a part of the Hi-GAL survey. The maps between 70 and 500 μm, the derived column density and temperature maps, and the compact source catalog are presented. NANTEN CO(1-0) line observations are used to derive cloud kinematics and distances so that we can estimate distance-dependent physical parameters of the compact sources (cores and clumps) having a reliable spectral energy distribution that we separate into 255 proto-stellar and 688 starless sources. Both typologies are found in association with all the distance components observed in the field, up to ~5.8 kpc, testifying to the presence of star formation beyond the Perseus arm at these longitudes. Selecting the starless gravitationally bound sources, we identify 590 pre-stellar candidates. Several sources of both proto- and pre-stellar nature are found to exceed the minimum requirement for being compatible with massive star formation based on the mass-radius relation. For the pre-stellar sources belonging to the Local arm (d <~ 1.5 kpc) we study the mass function whose high-mass end shows a power law N(log M)vpropM <SUP>-1.0 ± 0.2</SUP>. Finally, we use a luminosity versus mass diagram to infer the evolutionary status of the sources, finding that most of the proto-stellar sources are in the early accretion phase (with some cases compatible with a Class I stage), while for pre-stellar sources, in general, accretion has not yet started. | 9 |
Starburst (SB) galaxies are a rare population of galaxies with star formation rates (SFRs) greatly exceeding those of the majority of star-forming galaxies with similar stellar mass. It is unclear whether these bursts are the result of either especially large gas reservoirs or enhanced efficiencies in converting gas into stars. Tidal torques resulting from gas-rich galaxy mergers are known to enhance the SFR by funnelling gas towards the centre. However, recent theoretical works show that mergers do not always trigger an SB and not all SB galaxies are interacting systems, raising the question of what drives an SB. We analyse a large sample of SB galaxies and a mass- and redshift-matched sample of control galaxies, drawn from the FIREbox cosmological volume at z = 0-1. We find that SB galaxies have both larger molecular gas fractions and shorter molecular depletion times than control galaxies, but similar total gas masses. Control galaxies evolve towards the SB regime by gas compaction in their central regions, over time-scales of ~70 Myr, accompanied by an increase in the fraction of ultradense and molecular gas. The driving mechanism behind the SB varies depending on the mass of the galaxy. Massive ($M_\star \gtrsim 10^{10}~\rm {M}_\odot$) galaxies undergoing intense, long-lasting SBs are mostly driven by galaxy interactions. Conversely, SBs in non-interacting galaxies are often triggered by a global gravitational instability, which can result in a 'breathing' mode in low-mass galaxies. | 9 |
a semiconductor capacitor and method of fabrication is disclosed . a mim stack , having alternating first - type and second - type metal layers is formed in a deep cavity . the entire stack can be planarized , and then patterned to expose a first area , and selectively etched to recess all first metal layers within the first area . a second selective etch is performed to recess all second metal layers within a second area . the etched recesses can be backfilled with dielectric . separate electrodes can be formed ; a first electrode formed in said first area and contacting all of said second - type metal layers and none of said first - type metal layers , and a second electrode formed in said second area and contacting all of said first - type metal layers and none of said second - type metal layers . | 7 |
Context. The first generation of stars were born a few hundred million years after the big bang. These stars synthesise elements heavier than H and He, which are later expelled into the interstellar medium, initiating the rise of metals. Within this enriched medium, the first dust grains were formed. This event is cosmologically crucial for molecule formation, as dust plays a major role by cooling low-metallicity star-forming clouds, which can fragment to create lower mass stars. Collecting information on these first dust grains is difficult because of the negative alliance of large distances and low dust masses. <BR /> Aims: We aim to combine the observational information from galaxies at redshifts 5 ≲ z ≲ 10 to constrain their dust emission and theoretically understand the first evolutionary phases of the dust cycle. <BR /> Methods: Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are fitted with CIGALE and the physical parameters and their evolution are modelled. From this SED fitting, we built a dust-emission template for this population of galaxies in the reionisation epoch. <BR /> Results: Our new models explain why some early galaxies are observed and others are not. We follow in time the formation of the first grains by supernovae later destroyed by other supernova blasts and expelled in the circumgalactic and intergalactic media. <BR /> Conclusions: We find evidence for the first dust grains formed in the universe. But above all, this work underlines the need to collect more data and to develop new facilities to further constrain the dust cycle in galaxies in the reionisation epoch. | 9 |
an electronic disabling device includes first and second electrodes positionable to establish first and second spaced apart contact points on a target having a high impedance air gap existing between at least one of the electrodes and the target . the power supply generates a first high voltage , short duration output across the first and second electrodes during a first time interval to ionize air within the air gap to thereby reduce the high impedance across the air gap to a lower impedance to enable current flow across the air gap at a lower voltage level . the power supply next generates a second lower voltage , longer duration output across the first and second electrodes during a second time interval to maintain the current flow across the first and second electrodes and between the first and second contact points on the target to enable the current flow through the target to cause involuntary muscle contractions to thereby immobilize the target . | 7 |
a junction box assembly includes first and second structures , such as upper and lower cases . t - shaped aligning protrusions extend beyond an edge of a sidewall of the second structure and mate with a receiving member contained in the first structure . when the first structure is being aligned with the second structure , chamfers on the t - shaped aligning protrusion may be provided to help start the alignment process before the first and second structures are joined together . this allows for faster and easier assembly of the junction box and helps to reduce the mating forces between the first and second structures . | 7 |
an improved method , apparatus , and computer instructions for identifying a memory leak in a heap . prior to the start of the observation period , all live objects in the heap are identified to form a set of live objects by altering an indicator in the live objects . after running the system for the required amount of time or until completion of the event being monitored , the system is used to obtain the list of live objects without the altered indicator . live objects without the altered indicators form the most likely objects associated with a memory leak . | 6 |
Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) data analyses have shown that massive red galaxies existed at redshifts $z>6$, a discovery that is difficult to understand in the context of standard cosmology ($\Lambda $CDM). Here we analyze these observations more deeply by fitting a stellar population model to the optical and near-infrared photometric data. These fits include a main stellar population in addition to a residual younger population and with the same extinction for both (a lower extinction for the younger population is unphysical). Extra stellar populations or the inclusion of an AGN component do not significantly improve the fits. These galaxies are being viewed at very high redshifts, with an average $\langle z\rangle \approx 8.2$, when the $\Lambda$CDM Universe was only $\approx 600$ Myr old. This result conflicts with the inferred ages of these galaxies, however, which were on average between 0.9 and 2.4 Gyr old within 95% CL. Given the sequence of star formation and galaxy assembly in the standard model, these galaxies should instead be even younger than 290 Myr on average, for which our analysis assigns a probability of only $<3\times 10^{-4}$ ($\gtrsim 3.6\sigma $ tension). This outcome may indicate the need to consider non-standard cosmologies. Nevertheless, our conclusions result from several approximations in stellar astrophysics and extinction, so they should be taken with a grain of salt. Further research is necessary to corroborate the possible existence of galaxies older than the $\Lambda $CDM universe at their observed redshifts. | 9 |
there is provided an image processing apparatus employing an error diffusion method capable of preventing a pseudo contour attributable to a delayed dot . the image processing apparatus receives an error diffused from a neighboring pixel and corrects a value of a pixel to be processed before it reduces a tone . then a subtracter calculates an error associated with the tone reduction , which is diffused to a neighboring pixel . herein , only for an input value of no less than 0 . 5 an inversion portion multiplies by − 1 an error from a neighboring pixel and an error to a neighboring pixel . thus a dot can be free of delay to prevent a pseudo contour . | 6 |
a method and kit for custom fitting an article of footwear is disclosed . a container holding the article of footwear includes a steaming apparatus that allows a customer to subject the article of footwear to steam . the article of footwear is placed within the steaming apparatus to subject the article of footwear to steam . the method can include cooling the article of footwear on the customer &# 39 ; s foot to custom fit the article of footwear . | 1 |
a method for panel optimization provides for optimal layout of printed circuit boards on factory arrays , as well as the layout of arrays on panels . by using nesting algorithms to quickly simulate a large number of permutations , an optimal panelization solution can be quickly reached . the method includes the steps of collecting the necessary data , performing a panel dimension loop , an array length loop , and an array width loop . for every case , a total efficiency factor is calculated to help determine the optimal layout . | 7 |
a characteristic karaoke video - on - demand system with a reference index database is provided . according to the reference index database as well as a song request signal inputted by a user , the characteristic karaoke vod system is able to recommend at least one artist or at least one song to the user to enhance convenience and functionality offered by the characteristic karaoke vod system . | 6 |
We present spatially resolved stellar population (SP) age maps, average radial profiles and gradients for the first 62 active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) to study the effects of the active nuclei on the star formation history of the host galaxies. These results, derived using the STARLIGHT code, are compared with a control sample of non-active galaxies matching the properties of the AGN hosts. We find that the fraction of young SPs in high-luminosity AGN is higher in the inner (R\le 0.5 R<SUB>e</SUB>) regions when compared with the control sample; low-luminosity AGN, on the other hand, present very similar fractions of young stars to the control sample hosts for the entire studied range (1 R<SUB>e</SUB>). The fraction of intermediate-age SP of the AGN hosts increases outwards, with a clear enhancement when compared with the control sample. The inner region of the galaxies (AGN and control galaxies) presents a dominant old SP, whose fraction decreases outwards. We also compare our results (differences between AGN and control galaxies) for the early- and late-type hosts and find no significant differences. In summary, our results suggest that the most luminous AGN seems to have been triggered by a recent supply of gas that has also triggered recent star formation (t ≤ 40 Myr) in the central region. | 9 |
an improved valve mechanism requiring no handle for the direction and intermixing of two or more liquids . the device is extremely suitable for use in sinks such as are commonly found in the kitchen or bathroom . control of water volume and temperature is accomplished by manipulating the spout itself which acts both as the water outlet and the controller . a swivel spray aerator fixture can be used to redirect the flow back toward the center of the sink or any other location . the device is adapted to be used with a sliding ceramic disc . | 4 |
We present observations of the $z\sim5.7$ Lyman-break galaxy HZ10 with the JWST/NIRSpec IFU in high and low spectral resolution (G395H, $R\sim2700$ and PRISM, $R\sim100$, respectively), as part of the GA-NIFS program. By spatially resolving the source, we find evidence for three spatially and spectrally distinct regions of line emission along with one region of strong continuum emission, all within a projected distance of $<10$kpc. The R2700 data features strong detections in H$\beta$, [OIII]$\lambda\lambda4959{,}5007$, [NII]$\lambda\lambda6548{,}6584$, H$\alpha$, and [SII]$\lambda\lambda6716{,}6731$. The R100 data additionally contains a strong detection of the Ly$\alpha$ break, rest-UV continuum, and [OII]$\lambda\lambda3726{,}3729$. None of the detected lines present strong evidence for AGN excitation from line diagnostic diagrams, and no high-ionisation lines are detected. Using the detected lines, we constrain the electron density $\left( \rm \log_{10}\left( n_e / cm^{-3}\right)\sim2.5-3.3\right)$ and metallicity ($\sim0.5-0.7$ solar) in each component. Spaxel-by-spaxel fits of each cube reveal a strong east-west velocity gradient and significant line asymmetries (indicating tidal features or outflows). The western component features a very red UV slope ($\beta_{UV}\sim-1$) and significant H$\alpha$ emission, suggesting an evolved population and active star formation. From a comparison to high resolution [CII]$158\mu$m imaging obtained with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA), we find that the continuum emitter is associated with a gas-poor stellar population. Altogether, these data suggest that HZ10 represents an ongoing merger, with a complex distribution of stars, gas, and dust $<1$Gyr after the Big Bang. | 9 |
an hydraulic anti - skid braking system for automobiles , comprising a master cylinder , a brake , a flow control valve , a solenoid valve , a piston pump , and an expander cylinder . during a skid condition , the solenoid valve is opened , and a the pump draws fluid from the brake through the solenoid valve and delivers fluid to the flow control valve to shut off a hydraulic connection between the master cylinder and the brake , while reducing fluid pressure to the brake . when pressure is equalized between the brake and the hydraulic line that is connected to the master cylinder , the control valve returns to its initial operation position . | 1 |
a system for progressively folding a sheet as it continuously moves along a feed path from a printer to an envelope inserting station ; said system including an arrangement for initially forming longitudinal score lines on a sheet and for then progressively laterally bending and creasing the sheet along said score lines to as to form a folded sheet having a plurality of mutually overlying panels . the scoring and lateral bending operations take place in a progressive manner as the sheet continuously moves along its substantially linear feed path . | 1 |
a circuit arrangement having a plurality of variable capacitance elements such as varactors is described , the varactors having associated electronic control means which controls the capacitance of the variable capacitance elements over a control range . the control range is such that for any particular variable capacitance element a complete variation from a lowest to a highest capacitance is obtained from only a portion of the control range . | 7 |
a display device comprising an array of encapsulated pixels . the encapsulating pixel includes an optical element which is altered from a first optical state to a second optical state upon when a potential difference is generated across it . the optical element is in contact with two electrodes which are connected to a pixel driver for generating the potential difference . the encapsulated pixel is hermetically sealed from the environment by a sealing layer and the driver receives power wirelessly via an inductive power transmission system . | 6 |
improved method and apparatus for injecting fuel for a diesel engine are disclosed which are constructed such that a push rod is disposed in a nozzle body and fuel is injected into a combustion chamber by actuating the push rod . the improvement of the invention consists in that push rod actuating force is accumulated for a certain period of time while the push rod is stationarily held by means of an electromagnetic coil which is energized . fuel injection is thus carried out by releasing the accumulated force by way of deenergization of the electro - magnetic coil . in an embodiment of the invention push rod actuating force is extracted from a cam driving mechanism and a coil spring disposed between the cam driving mechanism and the push rod serves as a push rod actuating force accumulating means . in a modified embodiment of the invention push rod actuating force is extracted from a combination of an auxiliary piston and a rocker arm and an auxiliary cylinder serves as a push rod actuating force accumulating means . preferably , an auxiliary electromagnetic coil is disposed on the nozzle body so as to assist in actuation of the push rod . in another modified embodiment of the invention similar to the preceding one a hydraulic system is provided between the auxiliary piston and the push rod as a push rod actuating force accumulating means . | 5 |
an improved suspension assembly for a high capacity hauling vehicle having a strut that is connected to a two - chamber cylinder or accumulator . the strut has a first section that is connected to the axle and a second section which is secured to the vehicle chassis and telescopes in relation to the first section . further , the strut has a chamber that contains a gas and a liquid . the suspension assembly accumulator has two chambers that are separated by a movable piston . the first accumulator chamber is filled with liquid while the second accumulator chamber is filled with a gas . the gas - filled accumulator chamber is connected to the strut chamber , which also contains gas , by way of a hose which includes a fixed size orifice . the orifice is sized to regulate the flow of gas between the chambers so that the dynamic stiffness characteristic of the strut varies as a function of the speed of the movement of the axle relative to the vehicle . the liquid filled accumulator chamber is connected to a source of liquid under pressure so that the volume of liquid in the accumulator may be varied . a self - leveling feature senses the relationship of the axle to the vehicle to automatically level the vehicle . the operator of the vehicle may manually override this feature to raise or lower the vehicle body upon command . | 1 |
a circuit configuration for the routine testing of the clock supply of a large number of digital tdm telecommunication units operated with the same clock , wherein a clock supply with stand - by generator through a corresponding arrangement of several monitor circuits and arrangements of on / alter switches , the operatability of the monitor circuits themselves can be tested so that on routine testing independent of the switching position of a change - over switching device effective upon switching a generator from stand - by operation to active operation respectively the same generator always acts upon the partial distribution system . | 7 |
a method , apparatus and computer product for modeling and analyzing additional services incorporated into a voice - over - ip configuration composed of a plurality of components is disclosed . the method comprises the steps of representing selected ones of the plurality of components and relationships among the selected components , wherein said component representations are selected from the group of configuration non - specific representations consisting of : voip voicemailservice , voipvoiceconferenceservice , itservices , erpservices , crmservices , webservices and supportservices , and wherein the representations of relationships are selected from the group of configuration non - specific representations consisting of : hostedby / hostsservices and integrates / integratedin , providing a mapping between a plurality of first events and a plurality of second events occurring in the selected components , the mapping representing the relationships along which the first events propagate among the selected components , and determining at least one first event based on at least one of the plurality of second events by determining a measure between each of a plurality of relationship values associated with the plurality of first events and the plurality of second events . | 7 |
the present invention provides , in one embodiment , a gas discharge lamp ballast with an integral shutdown timer . the ballast includes a circuit for receiving ac power , a converter circuit for converting the ac power to dc power and a square wave oscillator powered from the dc power . a resonant circuit powered by the square wave oscillator supplies power to at least one gas discharge lamp . a time - delay circuit disables the square wave oscillator , without interrupting the dc power supplied to the oscillator , upon the passage of a predetermined period of time from power - up of the ac power . the ballast can be realized with only a marginal increase in cost and size of the ballast . | 8 |
methods for sealing a porous dielectric are presented including : receiving a substrate , the substrate including the porous dielectric ; exposing the substrate to an organosilane , where the organosilane includes a hydrolysable group for facilitating attachment with the porous dielectric , and where the organosilane does not include an alkyl group ; and forming a layer as a result of the exposing to seal the porous dielectric . in some embodiments , methods are presented where the organosilane includes : alkynyl groups , aryl groups , flouroalkyl groups , heteroarlyl groups , alcohol groups , thiol groups , amine groups , thiocarbamate groups , ester groups , ether groups , sulfide groups , and nitrile groups . in some embodiments , method further include : removing contamination from the porous dielectric and a conductive region of the substrate prior to the exposing ; and removing contamination from the conductive region after the forming . | 7 |
a method of assembling a dynamoelectric machine is disclosed in which a rotor tool is inserted into the stator bore with the tool having an outer diameter substantially equal to or slightly less than the minimum allowable inner diameter of the stator bore . the tool further has a central pin which is inserted into the bearing bore of the motor bearing support or end shield . portions of the end shield are disposed on the outside of the stator core when the end shield and the stator core are in their desired assembled positions . then , these portions of the end shield are magnetically deformed inwardly , as by magnetic pulse forming or the like , for positively securing the end shield to the stator core such that the rotor tool maintains alignment of the bearing bore with respect to the stator bore . the rotor tool is removed , and the rotor is inserted in the stator core and in the bearing bore of the end shield such that an air gap of predetermined uniform thickness is established and maintained between the rotor body and the stator core . apparatus for carrying out the above - described method is also disclosed . | 8 |
a piling for use in building construction having an upper and a lower piling connected at a hinge . the hinge has a first and a second axis . the hinged connection allows an entire wall to be framed at ground level leaving one end of each upper piling connected to the lower piling , by a first pin on the first axis , and the upper end of each upper piling tilted onto the ground . a variety of framing pieces are used to connect the upper pilings together to frame a wall . once framing of a wall is complete , the wall is hoisted into an upright position , about the first pins , bringing the entire hinge together . a second pin is inserted along the second axis in each of the hinges to secure the upper pilings in an upright position . | 4 |
a minor amount of a radical trap , that is , an organic compound readily reacting with an organic radical , when combined with a polyolefin having a melt index of from about 0 . 2 to about 10 , can be associated with 70 per cent tertiary butyl hydroperoxide . in the event of accidental conflagration of the combination , the combustion continues at a moderate rate , thereby avoiding the propensity toward troublesomely rapid burning of unmodified aqueous 70 per cent tbhp . container liners should have a polyolefin thickness of 0 . 7 to 7 mm , the polyolefin containing such radical trap in a concentration of from about 0 . 1 to about 5 per cent , generally 0 . 2 to 2 per cent . if particulate polyolefin is used , the radical trap concentration should be from about 10 to about 100 , 000 parts per million parts of aqueous tbhp . a concentration of polyolefin particles from about 0 . 6 per cent to about 6 per cent by weight of the tbhp is suitable . | 8 |
a method of decreasing the level of nox , co and so 2 emissions in a gas turbine is disclosed . a catalyst absorber , preferably made of alumina / platinum / carbonate salt , is used to oxidize the pollutant oxides and absorb them . the catalyst absorber can then be regenerated and reused . an apparatus for treating the stack gases and a method of making the catalyst absorber are also described . | 8 |
a device for the temporary guidance of successively transported sheets along a guiding surface defined by opposite side edges of a sheet , includes a sheet guiding element revolving in a given direction during operation . the guiding element has a groove oriented at least substantially in the given direction and the guiding element has at least one suction opening formed therein . the at least one suction opening has an aperture cross section in the groove to be temporarily covered by a sheet , and the at least one suction opening is subjected to a periodic underpressure exerting a suction effect on a sheet . such a device exhibits good guiding characteristics at high sheet speeds . | 1 |
We examine morphology-separated color-mass diagrams to study the quenching of star formation in ∼100,000 (z ∼ 0) Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and ∼20,000 (z ∼ 1) Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) galaxies. To classify galaxies morphologically, we developed Galaxy Morphology Network (GAMORNET), a convolutional neural network that classifies galaxies according to their bulge-to-total light ratio. GAMORNET does not need a large training set of real data and can be applied to data sets with a range of signal-to-noise ratios and spatial resolutions. GAMORNET's source code as well as the trained models are made public as part of this work. We first trained GAMORNET on simulations of galaxies with a bulge and a disk component and then transfer learned using ∼25% of each data set to achieve misclassification rates of ≲5%. The misclassified sample of galaxies is dominated by small galaxies with low signal-to-noise ratios. Using the GAMORNET classifications, we find that bulge- and disk-dominated galaxies have distinct color-mass diagrams, in agreement with previous studies. For both SDSS and CANDELS galaxies, disk-dominated galaxies peak in the blue cloud, across a broad range of masses, consistent with the slow exhaustion of star-forming gas with no rapid quenching. A small population of red disks is found at high mass (∼14% of disks at z ∼ 0 and 2% of disks at z ∼ 1). In contrast, bulge-dominated galaxies are mostly red, with much smaller numbers down toward the blue cloud, suggesting rapid quenching and fast evolution across the green valley. This inferred difference in quenching mechanism is in agreement with previous studies that used other morphology classification techniques on much smaller samples at z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 1. | 9 |
This code can be ran to estimate climate sensitivity by using the tropical temperature of the models participating in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) and simulating either the Last Glacial Maximum or the mid-Pliocene Warm Period. Any climate properties can replace the variables x or y, following the theory of emergent constraints. A detailed description of each method can be found in: M. Renoult, J.D. Annan, J.C. Hargreaves, N. Sagoo, C. Flynn, M.-L. Kapsch, Q. Li, G. Lohmann, U. Mikolajewicz, R. Ohgaito, X. Shi, Q. Zhang, T. Mauritsen, In Review. A Bayesian framework for emergent constraints: case studies of climate sensitivity with PMIP. Climate of the Past. The original repository and patch notes of the code can be found at https://git.bolin.su.se/bolin/renoult-2020 | 9 |
apparatus for presentation of functional coverage , including one or more processors and a memory , wherein the memory stores software instructions including instructions for representing a set of attributes of a design under test as a multi - dimensional cross - product space , comprising events corresponding to combinations of values of the attributes to be tested , the events comprising legal and illegal events , instructions for running at least one test on the design , instructions for identifying , responsively to the at least one test , a first group of the legal events that were covered by the at least one test and a second group of the legal events that remain non - covered after the at least one test , instructions for grouping one or more of the illegal events with at least one of the first and second groups so as to generate a simplified model of the functional coverage of the events in the cross - product space and instructions for presenting the simplified model of the functional coverage on an output device . the apparatus further includes an output device coupled to the coverage processor to present the simplified model of the functional coverage to a user . | 6 |
a client computer has a facility for encapsulating location information , such as a uniform resource locator , for a resource that is available on a server computer . the facility is especially well - adapted for use with internet documents . the location information for such a resource is encapsulated into an object known as an internet shortcut . the internet shortcut appears to a user as an icon that may be used to gain access to the underlying resource . the internet shortcut icon holds a link to a remote resource and will automatically activate the web browser when selected . the internet shortcut icons may be implemented as objects that are visible on the desktop of the operating system . file operations such as copy , delete , and copy may be performed on the internet shortcut icon through a context menu . in addition , internet shortcuts may be transferred to e - mail , facsimile , floppy disk destinations through a context menu . | 6 |
the electric lamp has a lamp vessel having an end portion which is fixed inthe lamp cap by means of polyethersulphone as a thermoplastic synthetic resin , which has adhered both to the lamp vessel and to the lamp cap . the end portion has non - circular cross - sections where it is in contact with the synthetic resin due to projections projecting into the synthetic resin . a current supply wire can be clamped between the synthetic resin and the sheath portion of the lamp cap in order to establish electrical contact therewith . the lamp can be assembled by arranging in the hot state of the end portion a polyethersulphone ring around this end portion and by providing the lamp cap in the hot state around the polyethersulphone ring . fig . 1 . | 7 |
this invention provides methods for predicting calorimetric measurements of subtractive colors , in particular , when there is a measurable colorimetric change in one or more individual colorant relative to a set of baseline measurements . the invention is useful for , among other things , imaging applications or soft proofing environments to improve color modeling without requiring significant empirical measurements for adjustments to color models . | 7 |
a method of manufacturing a field emission device . the method having the steps of preparing a field emitter array having a plurality of electron emitting elements made of conductive material capable of emitting electrons upon application of an electric field , and impinging particle beams upon the plurality of electron emitting elements at the same time to mill a tip of each electron emitting element and form a sharp tip . | 7 |
phase - conjugate optical coherence tomography methods and apparatus . pc - oct may be employed as a three - dimensional imaging technique of interest for biomedical and other imaging applications . it shares much of the source and detection convenience of conventional oct employing classical light sources , which is in clinical use in ophthalmology and is being developed for a variety of endoscopic optical biopsy instruments . pc - oct offers a two - fold improvement in axial resolution and immunity to group velocity dispersion , when compared with conventional oct , that is available from quantum optical coherence tomography . pc - oct does this without q - oct &# 39 ; s need for a non - classical light source and the attendant requirement of photon - coincidence counting detection . thus , in comparison with q - oct , pc - oct is capable of producing images in measurement times similar to those of conventional oct . | 6 |
an offshore loading system operable to load a substance between a first structure and a second structure separate from the first structure , the second structure including a manifold , includes a loading arm having a process pipe to carry the substance during a process of loading the substance by the loading arm , the process pipe including a free end , the loading arm coupled to the first structure . a control unit is coupled to the loading arm and operable to direct the free end of the loading arm , and a first acceleration sensor electronically coupled to the control unit . the first acceleration sensor is operable to detect relative movement of the first structure with respect to the second structure . | 1 |
a machine employing controllable mounts and a method for controlling such mounts to maintain ideal snubbing height and provide mount diagnostics are disclosed . the controllable mount may include a housing , a pin , rheological fluid within the housing and coils provided proximate to the rheological fluid . the pin may be held in the housing with a limited degree of play by an elastomeric member and in so doing hold the pin at the ideal snubbing height . over time the elastomeric member may degrade and begin to sag . sensors associated with the housing may monitor this sag and if necessary energize a field across the rheological fluid or pressurize gas within the housing so as to adjust to the position of the pin back to the ideal snubbing height . the data gathered by the sensors can also be stored and used to determine the remaining serviceable life of the controllable mount and diagnose when it should be replaced . | 1 |
A Functional Scientific and Artificial Life Simulator | 9 |
an interconnected lock assembly which can remotely engage a mechanism to couple operation of an inside handle to operation of an outside handle to enable the door to be unlocked from the outside of the door without requiring a key . the interconnected lock assembly is mounted in a door and comprises a first lock assembly including an inside handle and an outside handle , and a second lock assembly interconnected to the first lock assembly . the second lock assembly comprises a deadbolt assembly operably connected to a deadbolt latch having a deadbolt movable between an extended position and a retracted position . rotation of the inside handle operates to move the deadbolt into a retracted position . the interconnected lock assembly further comprises a remote unlocking mechanism selectively engageable to automatically couple the outside handle to the inside handle such that rotation of the outside handle moves the deadbolt into a retracted position thus unlocking the door . | 4 |
a method of creating human artificial intelligence in machines and computer software is presented here , as well as methods to simulate human reasoning , thought and behavior . a new human artificial intelligence software application for machines & amp ; computer based program function , which generally comprises computer based software code and programming as well as processes and methods of application , which receives movie sequences from the environment , uses an image processor to generate an initial encapsulated tree , searches for the current pathway in memory and find the best pathway matches , determines the best long - term future pathways , locates an optimal pathway , stores current pathway in optimal pathway , follows the future instructions of optimal pathway , and universalizes data in memory . the present invention further provide users with a software application that will serve as the main intelligence of one or a multitude of computer based programs , software applications , machines or compilation of machinery . | 6 |
a credit card paying method comprises the steps of : firstly designating a mobile communications terminal capable of reading the information of a credit card from the magnetic and ic chip thereof for a virtual credit card paying terminal ; and directly contacting a credit card with the mobile communications terminal designated as the virtual credit card paying terminal in order to pay a bill for an online or offline purchase made by the user of the mobile communications terminal , thereby preventing the credit card information of the user from being undesirably exposed to a third party because the payment for a purchase can be made by directly contacting the credit card with the mobile communications terminal . | 6 |
apparatus and method for closing and sealing lined taper top cartons wherein the cartons are advanced in a path of travel with their liner mouths open , the end walls of said carton and the opposite ends of the liner being simultaneously deflected inwardly and the front and rear carton walls and the opposite sides of the liner mouth concurrently displaced toward each other to juxtapose the upper edges of the front and rear walls with the liner mouth flattened therebetween , the flattened liner mouth then folded upon itself to form a double thickness mouth , the folded liner mouth and an end closure flap hinged to the carton rear wall then being simultaneously folded over the upper edge of the carton front wall and the folded closure flap secured to the front wall of the carton . | 1 |
the invention provides , in a method of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging of a region of interest in a vascularized animal subject , said method comprising administering a contrast agent bolus into the vascular system of said subject ; determining the magnetic resonance signal strength s i for voxels of said region of interest at a series of time values over a period from before contrast agent arrival in said region of interest to at least the end of the first pass of said contrast agent through said region of interest ; from the determined values s i for said signal strength and an arterial input function v , determining values for the tissue residue function r i for each said voxel ; and optionally generating an image of said region of interest from the determined values of r i ; the improvement comprising generating from s i a voxel specific arterial function v i and using said voxel specific arterial function to determine the values of the tissue residue function r i . | 6 |
a float suitable for use as a buoy or as a component for a wave - powered vehicle . the float includes an upper member whose height can be changed and / or which remained substantially vertical even when the float is in wave - bearing water . a low drag cable suitable for use as a tether in a wave - powered vehicle has a streamlined cross - section and includes a tensile member near the front of the cross - section , at least one non - load - bearing member behind the tensile member , and a polymeric jacket . wave - powered vehicles having a float , a submerged swimmer and a tether connecting the float and the swimmer , include a means for determining whether the tether is twisted ; or a means for untwisting the tether ; or a pressure - sensitive connection which can disconnect the tether when the vehicle is dragged downwards by entanglement with a whale ; or a 2 - axis universal joint securing the tether to the float or to the swimmer ; or elastic elements which absorb snap loads created by the tether ; or two or more of these . | 8 |
the present invention provides a method and system for registering and enhancing a traditional paper - based classified ad . the ad is placed by an advertiser and received by a server system of a website . the server system receives ad information such as for - sale item description , accepted payment methods , and advertiser &# 39 ; s contact phone number etc . the server system registers the ad , and assigns the ad a unique identifier . the server system then creates web addresses for the ad with a direct combination of the website &# 39 ; s domain name and the ad identifier or the phone number . the server system provides the advertiser the web addresses for inclusion into a paper - based ad or for telling ad inquirers via phone . the server system then allows a reader of the paper - based ad to access the ad with the web addresses , and displays detailed ad information to the reader . the server system may also concurrently serve other advertisers for ad registering as well as other ad readers for ad detail viewing . | 6 |
a merchandise display system includes a rod lockably connected to a peg board , a hanging member hanging from the rod and a swivel member rotatably connected to the hanging member about a first axis . the swivel member is connected to a lockable display case for carrying an item of merchandise and is rotatable about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis . thus , the display case is rotatable about the first and second axes to facilitate viewing the merchandise from any angle while the case is lockably connected to the rod . the hanging and swivel members may be a ball and socket combination . alternately , the swivel member may connect to the display case via a hinge pin about which portions of the case may rotate to open and close . alternately , a lower member may extend from within the case through holes therein to rotatably connect to the swivel member about the second axis . | 0 |
a sample introduction system includes a drop chamber which can be sealed and outgassed and which includes a movable jaw selectively holding the sample in position above a conduit communicating with an open crucible for receiving a sample once the jaw has been moved to an open position releasing the sample . the jaw is actuated by a magnetic field which moves the jaw in an entirely enclosed system , thereby preventing the introduction of atmospheric contaminants during the operation of the sample dropping jaw from a closed , sample holding position to an open sample releasing position . by providing a magnetic actuator , such as a solenoid , for operation of the jaw , the sample chamber remains sealed during the sample dropping operation preventing contaminants from interfering with the analytical results . | 5 |
an automatic tool - exchanging device can be set on a robot for exchanging tools . it mainly comprises an upper and lower assemblies , and an engaging mechanism . the engaging mechanism includes a cam , which is to be driven with a double - acting pneumatic cylinder assembly . when the double - acting pneumatic cylinder is turned on , the upper and lower assemblies will be engaged together and generate a self - lock effect for safety ; when the double - acting pneumatic cylinder is turned off , the two assemblies will be disengaged from each other . | 8 |
a method is provided for extracting and processing sugar cane juice from sugar cane sticks to produce a natural juice product . the method includes the steps of : providing sugar cane sticks having a high sucrose level ; extracting sugar cane juice from the sugar cane sticks using a roller mill apparatus ; filtering the extracted sugar cane juice through a screen filter ; stabilizing the ph of the juice in a non - acidic solution of calcium hydroxide ; flocculating the sugar cane juice with a mixture of water and at least one natural flocculate product ; evaporating the sugar cane juice to form a sugar cane juice concentrate and extracting the sugar cane juice concentrate from the evaporator . | 2 |
a degradable polymer network obtained by adding from 0 . 2 to 10 parts by weight of a foaming agent to 100 parts by weight of a polylactic acid - base resin composition comprising from 80 to 100 % by weight of polylactic acid or a lactic acid - hydroxycarboxylic acid copolymer and from 0 to 20 % by weight of a plasticizer , conducting melt - foaming extrusion of resulting mixture , and opening the foam cells in the extrudate . the high polymer network is characterized in suitable flexibility and hydrolyzability and thus useful as a material for absorbing of oils and body fluids , screens for sunlight , heat - insulating materials , filter media and packaging materials ; and does not accumulate as industrial wastes because of hydrolyzability in the natural environment , even though abandoned after use . | 2 |
the peptides and derivative metapeptides based upon natural antimicrobial peptides have potent and broad spectrum activity against pathogens exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance . specific peptides can also potentiate the antimicrobial functions of leukocytes , such as neutrophils . in addition , they exhibit lower inherent mammalian cell toxicities than conventional antimicrobial peptides , and overcome problems of toxicity , immunogenicity , and shortness of duration of effectiveness due to biodegradation , retaining activity in plasma and serum . the peptides and derivative metapeptides exhibit rapid microbicidal activities in vitro , can be used to potentiate conventional antimicrobial agents , to potentiate other antimicrobial peptides and are active against many organisms that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics currently in existence . | 2 |
one embodiment of the present invention is a unique reducing gas generator . another embodiment is a unique method for generating a reducing gas . other embodiments include apparatuses , systems , devices , hardware , methods , and combinations for generating reducing gas . further embodiments , forms , features , aspects , benefits , and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith . | 8 |
a sliding screen frame for a closure assembly , said frame comprising framing sections assembled to form the screen frame , one of said frame sections being adapted to contain a roll out screen , said roll out screen being slideable between a fully extended position , whereat the screen is substantially payed out from said roll , and a fully retracted position ; wherein the screen frame is free to slide in the closure assembly whether the roll screen is at the fully extended or the fully retracted position . | 4 |
the invention relates to the use of olive leaf extracts for producing a pharmaceutical composition capable of inducing angiogenesis and vascularization . in general , the composition can be used for therapeutic applications in order to promote the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial progenitor cells and / or mature endothelial cells , as well as to induce the vessel formation from said endothelial cells . the vascularization - inducing angiogenic composition of the invention is intended for , inter alia , cardiovascular disease , ischemic processes in general , ulcers , and wound healing in both human and veterinary medicine . | 0 |
a technique for inhibiting biofouling caused by biofilms grown on a material surface of a water system where microorganisms exist such as the membrane surface of a membrane bioreactor for advanced wastewater treatment is disclosed . specifically , a magnetic carrier comprising an enzyme for quenching quorum sensing that inhibits biofilm formation , a membrane bioreactor system that can be stably operated without inactivation and loss of enzymes and a method for inhibiting biofilm formation are described . | 1 |
memory apparatus including a byte - bank organized in n rows and 8 columns , having a capacity of log 2 bytes , a log 2 bit address bus operative to address the byte - bank , an address offset bus operative to generate offsets to bits of the byte - bank with an address conversion operator , and an adder in operative communication with the address offset bus and the log 2 bit address bus , the adder operative to add addresses of the byte - bank with the offset generated by the address conversion operator and output a result to the log 2 bit address . a random access memory array may include a plurality of the byte - banks . | 6 |
Identify coherent cloud objects in the Cloudnet classification and extract characteristic properties from layered mixed-phase clouds. The structure of the folders is as following: sniffer_code the cloud sniffer is originally based on Bühl [2016 ACP] adapted for the new datasets, additinal measurements, new server and especially larda3. cloud_properties .dat files produced by python3 cc_sniffer_ac.py --campaign lacros_dacapo --date 20181128 for a single day. Contains all the features (range chunks of profiles) connected into clouds. cloud_collections Statistics of the single cloud features for the full campaign in a .csv table. Created by python3 cc_collector_ac.py --campaign lacros_dacapo --date 20181128 The cloud collections for the LACROS campaigns at Leipzig, Limassol and Punta Arenas are included in the zenodo repository, but not in the github repository. To obtain those git clone this repository and then get the .csv files from the zenodo repository. analysis_code Collection of ipython notebooks to generate the analysis and the plots used in the recent publication. References Bühl, J., Seifert, P., Myagkov, A., and Ansmann, A.: Measuring ice- and liquid-water properties in mixed-phase cloud layers at the Leipzig Cloudnet station, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1060-10620, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10609-2016, 2016. Radenz, M., Bühl, J., Seifert, P., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Barja González, B., Mamouri, R.-E., Zamorano, F., and Ansmann, A.: Hemispheric contrasts in ice formation in stratiform mixed-phase clouds: Disentangling the role of aerosol and dynamics with ground-based remote sensing, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [accepted for publication], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-360, 2021. | 9 |
the present invention provides a system for improving optical signal to noise ratio “ osnr ” of a transmission system using non gain - flattened optical amplifiers and also provide an optically amplified dense wavelength division multiplexed “ dwdm ” transmission system that incorporates aforesaid system and has improved channel osnr . | 6 |
a shoelace cover incorporating an interchangeable fashion panel for covering the shoelaces of a gym shoe . the shoelace cover is secured to the shoe by a number of straps threaded through slots in the shoelace cover . a strap secured to each side of the gym shoe includes a loop and hook material such that the straps can be disengaged and the shoelace cover can be drawn back to expose the shoelaces of the shoe . the fashion panel is attached to the shoelace cover by a loop and hook material such that at the whim of the shoe wearer , the fashion panel can be replaced by other fashion panels to convey a fashion statement . | 0 |
Many exoplanets in close-in orbits are observed to have relatively high eccentricities and large stellar obliquities. We explore the possibility that these result from planet-planet scattering by studying the dynamical outcomes from a large number of orbit integrations in systems with two and three gas-giant planets in close-in orbits (0.05 AU < a < 0.15 AU). We find that at these orbital separations, unstable systems starting with low eccentricities and mutual inclinations (e <~ 0.1, i <~ 0.1) generally lead to planet-planet collisions in which the collision product is a planet on a low-eccentricity, low-inclination orbit. This result is inconsistent with the observations. We conclude that eccentricity and inclination excitation from planet-planet scattering must precede migration of planets into short-period orbits. This result constrains theories of planet migration: the semi-major axis must shrink by 1-2 orders of magnitude without damping the eccentricity and inclination. | 9 |
a training device , especially useful for a runner utilizing a flexible frame member which is attached to the runner and may be deformed by the runner while in motion . | 0 |
Context. Decayless kink oscillations have been frequently observed in coronal loops, serving as a valuable diagnostic tool for the coronal magnetic field. Such oscillations have never before been reported in low-lying loops of the transition region (TR). <BR /> Aims: The aim of this study is to detect decayless kink oscillations in TR loops for the first time. <BR /> Methods: We used the SI IV 1400 Å imaging data obtained from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. We applied the Multiscale Gaussian Normalization method to highlight the TR loops, and generated time-distance maps to analyse the oscillation signals. <BR /> Results: Seven oscillation events detected here exhibit a small but sustained displacement amplitude (0.04-0.10 Mm) for more than three cycles. Their periods range from 3 to 5 min. The phase speed is found to increase with loop length, which is consistent with the decrease in Alfvén speed with height. With these newly detected oscillations, we obtain a rough estimate of the magnetic field in the transition region, which is about 5-10 G. <BR /> Conclusions: Our results further reveal the ubiquity of decayless kink oscillations in the solar atmosphere. These oscillations in TR loops have the potential to be a diagnostic tool for the TR magnetic field. | 9 |
a device and a method for identifying parameters of at least one field device used in automation technology are provided . to simplify the assignment of parameters to field devices in automated systems , the behavior of the field device is monitored and operating information that describes the field device behavior is recorded . the operating information is stored in a first memory area , a manufacturer - independent field device model is stored in a second memory area and model parameters belonging to the manufacturer - independent field device model are identified on the basis of the operating information with the aid of a processing unit . | 6 |
We present an unprecedentedly large catalog consisting of 2230 ≳ L* Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6 on the 13.8 and 21.2 deg<SUP>2</SUP> sky, respectively, that are identified by the SILVERRUSH program with the first narrow-band imaging data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. We confirm that the LAE catalog is reliable on the basis of 96 LAEs whose spectroscopic redshifts are already determined by this program and previous studies. This catalogue is also available online. Based on this catalogue, we derive the rest-frame Lyα equivalent-width distributions of LAEs at z ≃ 5.7-6.6 that are reasonably explained by the exponential profiles with scale lengths of ≃ 120-170 Å, showing no significant evolution from z ≃ 5.7 to z ≃ 6.6. We find that 275 LAEs with large equivalent widths (LEWs) of >240 Å are candidates of young metal poor galaxies and AGNs. We also find that the fraction of LEW LAEs to all LAEs is 4% and 21% at z ≃ 5.7 and z ≃ 6.6, respectively. Our LAE catalog includes 11 Lyα blobs (LABs) that are LAEs with spatially extended Lyα emission with a profile that is clearly distinguished from those of stellar objects at the ≳3σ level. The number density of the LABs at z = 6-7 is ∼10<SUP>-7</SUP>-10<SUP>-6</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-3</SUP>, being ∼10-100 times lower than those claimed for LABs at z ≃ 2-3, suggestive of disappearing LABs at z ≳ 6, albeit with the different selection methods and criteria for the low and high-z LABs. | 9 |
optionally substituted - 3 , 4 - dihydro -- 1h - pyrrolopyrimidin - 2 - ones , compounds of formula i , processes for their production , their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them . | 0 |
The GeV break in spectra of the blazar 3C 454.3 is a special observation feature that has been discovered by the Fermi-LAT. The origin of the GeV break in the spectra is still under debate. In order to explore the possible source of GeV spectral break in 3C 454.3, a one-zone homogeneous leptonic jet model and the McFit technique are utilized for fitting the quasi-simultaneous multiwaveband spectral energy distribution (SED) of 3C 454.3. The outside border of the broad-line region (BLR) and inner dust torus are chosen to contribute radiation in the model as external, seed photons to the external-Compton process, considering the observed γ-ray radiation. The combination of two components, namely the Compton-scattered BLR and dust torus radiation, assuming a broken power-law distribution of emitted particles, provides a proper fitting to the multiwaveband SED of 3C 454.3 detected 2008 August 3-September 2 and explains the GeV spectral break. We propose that the spectral break of 3C 454.3 may originate from an inherent break in the energy distribution of the emitted particles and the Klein-Nishina effect. A comparison is performed between the energy density of the 'external' photon field for the whole BLR U<SUB>BLR</SUB> achieved via model fitting and that constrained from the BLR data. The distance from the position of the γ-ray radiation area of 3C 454.3 to the central black hole could be constrained at ∼0.78 pc (∼4.00R<SUB>BLR</SUB>, the size of the BLR). | 9 |
a hair and scalp treatment composition for generally improving the health of hair and scalp of an individual and also improving the manageability of the hair . the composition is primarily based on the use of herbal components and does not employ any strong chemical reagents . the composition will also aid in maintaining normal hair color tending to obviate some of the aging conditions and will even aid in some hair growth . the composition is generally provided in the form of a wax or a gel and relies upon various major components , such as citronella and willow and bergamot , potentially along with certain vitamins which are initially mixed in selected vegetable oil where elements of these components are entrapped in the oil and the oil is then mixed in a wax or gel . | 0 |
a dual flush water conservation toilet includes separate fill tanks in a toilet tank which pivot to deposit water into a plenum chamber in the toilet tank . the fill tanks are selectively pivoted to deposit different quantities of water for flushing . | 4 |
We present a new spectral-timing technique for phase-resolved spectroscopy and apply it to the low-frequency Type B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) from the black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4. We show that on the QPO time-scale the spectrum changes not only in normalization, but also in spectral shape. Using several different spectral models which parametrize the blackbody and power-law components seen in the time-averaged spectrum, we find that both components are required to vary, although the fractional rms amplitude of blackbody emission is small, ∼1.4 per cent compared to ∼25 per cent for the power-law emission. However, the blackbody variation leads the power-law variation by ∼0.3 in relative phase (∼110°), giving a significant break in the Fourier lag-energy spectrum that our phase-resolved spectral models are able to reproduce. Our results support a geometric interpretation for the QPO variations where the blackbody variation and its phase relation to the power-law are explained by quasi-periodic heating of the approaching and receding sides of the disc by a precessing Comptonizing region. The small amplitude of blackbody variations suggests that the Comptonizing region producing the QPO has a relatively large scaleheight, and may be linked to the base of the jet, as has previously been suggested to explain the binary orbit inclination-dependence of Type B QPO amplitudes. | 9 |
lung conditions are diagnosed and optionally treated using a functional assessment catheter or a functional lung assessment and treatment catheter . a flow restrictive component is initially placed in a bronchus or lung passageway upstream from a diseased lung region . the isolated lung region is then functionally assessed through the catheter , while the flow restrictive component remains in place . if the patient is a good candidate for treatment by occlusive or restrictive treatment techniques , the flow resistive component may be left in place . if the patient is not suitable for such treatment , the flow resistive component may be removed . | 0 |
a tonneau system for a cargo box of a vehicle including a support frame , a cover spanning the support frame ; and a clamp . the support frame includes side rails having an inboard section and an outboard section , such that the outboard section is positioned adjacent to the top surface of the sidewall of the cargo box to aid in the supporting and positioning of the support frame . the clamp is capable of hanging from the support frame during installation to improve the ease thereof . the clamp also includes a pair of members being positionable in any one of a plurality of discrete positions for improved installation . a front rail adjustment mechanism permits the selective tensioning of the cover to maintain a predetermined load therein . while a front rail retaining mechanism is slidably coupled to the front rail member to prevent the front rail member from being inadvertently disengaged from the side rail members . a rear rail retaining mechanism is used to lock the rear rail member or unlock the rear rail member and urge the rear rail member upward . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a dual - cannister inhaler for effectively delivering medications by inhalation through the mouth of patients , having a spacer for more effectively mixing the medication and air , and easy to operate lever and canister selection mechanisms . a preferred embodiment of the invention has universal receptors for two metered dose inhaler canisters . a lever arm is provided that is opposed to the body of the inhaler , which allows a patient to use the entire hand to activate the metered dose inhaler canister . a simple and easy to operate sliding selector permits one - handed control of the canister selector . in a preferred embodiment a valve assembly and whistle are included in the inhaler to improve the consistency and effectiveness of delivery of medication to the lungs of a patient . | 0 |
Earth grew through collisions with Moon-sized to Mars-sized planetary embryos from the inner Solar System, but it also accreted material from greater heliocentric distances<SUP>1,2</SUP>, including carbonaceous chondrite-like bodies, the likely source of Earth's water and highly volatile species<SUP>3,4</SUP>. Understanding when and how this material was added to Earth is critical for constraining the dynamics of terrestrial planet formation and the fundamental processes by which Earth became habitable. However, earlier studies inferred very different timescales for the delivery of carbonaceous chondrite-like bodies, depending on assumptions about the nature of Earth's building materials<SUP>5-11</SUP>. Here we show that the Mo isotopic composition of Earth's primitive mantle falls between those of the non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous reservoirs<SUP>12-15</SUP>, and that this observation allows us to quantify the accretion of carbonaceous chondrite-like material to Earth independently of assumptions about its building blocks. As most of the Mo in the primitive mantle was delivered by late-stage impactors<SUP>10</SUP>, our data demonstrate that Earth accreted carbonaceous bodies late in its growth history, probably through the Moon-forming impact. This late delivery of carbonaceous material probably resulted from an orbital instability of the gas giant planets, and it demonstrates that Earth's habitability is strongly tied to the very late stages of its growth. | 9 |
the invention relates to an improved process for preparing 3 - alkoxy - 2 - methylbenzoic acids by heating substituted naphthalenes in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides and subsequently alkylating . | 2 |
this specification describes technologies relating to dispensing liquid materials . in general , one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in apparatuses that include a container coupled to an integrated pump cap , the integrated pump cap including a pump coupled to an intake port to the container and an output port configured to dispense liquids from the container when the pump is activated . | 1 |
a heterodyne terahertz transceiver comprises a quantum cascade laser that is integrated on - chip with a schottky diode mixer . an antenna connected to the schottky diode receives a terahertz signal . the quantum cascade laser couples terahertz local oscillator power to the schottky diode to mix with the received terahertz signal to provide an intermediate frequency output signal . the fully integrated transceiver optimizes power efficiency , sensitivity , compactness , and reliability . the transceiver can be used in compact , fieldable systems covering a wide variety of deployable applications not possible with existing technology . | 7 |
a computational system and method for simulating biological tissue includes a computer - modeled 3 - dimensional space in which computer - modeled cells are located . the cells may be either healthy or cancerous . as a simulation progresses , the cells may execute a variety of protocols . these include life protocols , such as replication , repair , and apoptosis . they also include signaling protocols , such as a request from a cell to entice defective neighboring cells to die , and an announcement that a cell itself is about to die . the announcement , when received by neighboring cells , tends to entice them also to die . since defective cells tend to cluster together , the combination of the two signals within a tumor has a strong effect on suppressing the tumor . the simulation tracks the progression of cancerous tumors as well as the effectiveness of various treatments . by simulating the behavior of cancerous tissues , the system and method disclosed herein provide a model for understanding cancer , from which potential treatments may be conceived . | 6 |
a camera housing a strip of receiving sheet of self - developable film material ; a strip of negative photosensitive film material of the self - developing type having discrete exposable portions spaced apart thereon . a pressure applying assembly e merges the strips into the superimposable relationship to form corresponding separated image forming subassemblies in response to pulling the strips from the camera . the assembly effects release of processing fluid in rupturable containers on the sheet to initiate processing of the film . a device is operative in one mode for allowing pulling of the strips and thereby the formation of an image forming subassemblies through the pressure applying device , and in a second mode for automatically stopping formation and processing of a successive one of the image forming subassemblies . in one embodiment , the device is connected to the shutter unit and is operated when the shutter is actuated . | 6 |
a pneumatic tube carrier system includes a first carrier receiving and sending terminal and a second carrier receiving and sending terminal . a carrier is transported back and forth between the terminals through a pneumatic tube interconnecting the first and second terminals . means are operatively associated with at least one of the first and second terminals for automatically removing contents from the carrier at the at least one terminal before returning the carrier to the other terminal . a cover is held on the carrier by magnetic attraction and without hinges or latches . | 1 |
While the photospheric magnetic field of our Sun is routinely measured, its extent into the upper atmosphere is typically not accessible by direct observations. Here we present an approach for coronal magnetic-field extrapolation, using a neural network that integrates observational data and the physical force-free magnetic-field model. Our method flexibly finds a trade-off between the observation and force-free magnetic-field assumption, improving the understanding of the connection between the observation and the underlying physics. We utilize meta-learning concepts to simulate the evolution of active region NOAA 11158. Our simulation of 5 days of observations at full cadence (12 minutes) requires less than 12 hours of total computation time, allowing for real-time force-free magnetic-field extrapolations. The application to an analytical magnetic-field solution, a systematic analysis of the time evolution of free magnetic energy and magnetic helicity in the coronal volume, as well as comparison with extreme-ultraviolet observations, demonstrates the validity of our approach. The obtained temporal and spatial depletion of free magnetic energy unambiguously relates to the observed flare activity. | 9 |
the disclosure relates to a fuel cell including a solid electrolyte layer disposed on a separator plate . another separator plate positioned adjacent the separator plate mounting the solid electrolyte layer are joined to a surface of the first separator plate to form an electrode separator assembly having a chamber between the joined separator plates . working fluids may be supplied to or exhausted from the chamber through openings in fluid communication . a porous support member may be positioned within the chamber . the first separator plate and the porous support member may include a multiplicity of ribs defining channels in fluid communication with the chamber . | 7 |
a device and method for the plaining of glasses or glass - ceramics . the device is provided with a melting vat , at least two plaining containers serially connected after the outlet of the melting vat , and at least one of the plaining containers is built in accordance with the skull principle from a plurality of metal tubes comprising a cooling agent connection and a high - frequency device for inductively coupling high - frequency energy into the contents of the plaining container . | 2 |
a cleaning device for heat exchangers mounted on construction machines such as a bulldozer , for example , and for water pipe that can be cleaned without removing the heat exchanger or pipe from a machine , includes a cleaning water storage tank connected to a pump for pumping water under pressure to a heat exchanger through pressure and flow regulating valves and a gas - liquid mixer to which gas is fed from tank for pulsating and producing gas bubbles in the water flow for effecting the cleaning . flow control valves control the direction of flow through the heat exchanger and a strainer removes the residue cleaned and carried by the water . an accumulator is connected in the flow circuit with the regulating valves to absorb shock when the regulating valve is closed and which functions together with the valves to produce a pulsation in the water flowing in the system . | 8 |
a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine operated on gaseous fuels , for example , liquid petroleum gas . the system includes a housing having a chamber for vaporizing liquid gas , including means for heating the vaporizing chamber . also included in the housing is a mixing chamber for mixing the vaporized gas with incoming air for delivery to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine through a standard carburetor . the fuel supply system includes means for mounting the system on the carburetor , including means for supporting an air filter circumjacent the mixing chamber . | 5 |
a hysteresis brake including a casing having internal alternating first slots and first teeth , a pole having external alternating second slots and second teeth , a rotor including an annular portion located in spaced relationship between the casing and pole , and structure for permitting the pole and casing to be rotationally adjusted relative to each other and to lock the first slots and teeth of the casing in a rotationally adjusted position relative to the second slots and teeth of the pole to cause the brake to provide a torque output of a substantially predetermined value at a predetermined current . a method of calibrating a hysteresis brake to provide a torque of a substantially predetermined value at a predetermined current including the steps of rotating the casing and pole relative to each other to a position which provides substantially the desired torque at the predetermined current , and locking the casing and pole to each other in that position . | 7 |
a method and an apparatus for heating glass sheets in a tempering furnace . the tempering furnace includes rollers for conveying and oscillating the glass sheets during heating , and resistors for heating the glass sheets from above and from below . the lower part of the tempering furnace is cooled at the initial stage of the heating period , and the lower surfaces of the glass sheets are heated at the final stage of the heating period by forced convection . this ensures good control over heat equalization in the tempering furnace , increases furnace power , prevents curving of the glass sheets , and also reduces heat shock from ceramic rollers at the initial heating stage . | 2 |
a downstream leak detection system for use with pipeline systems , especially those of residential type , is disclosed . the system makes use of a single thermistor , or other sensing element , to detect extraneous fluid flow via thermal transport . the leakage rate may be set over a wide range , and an alarm is activated when the desired leak flow rate is detected over a predetermined time interval . | 6 |
the invention relates to a roller mill for grinding solid material such as cement raw materials and similar materials , said roller mill comprising a substantially horizontal grinding table and at least two rollers which are configured for interactive operation with said grinding table . wherein at least one of said rollers rotates about a stationary shaft connected to a rocker arm pivotally connected to a mill stand which substantially is situated outside said grinding table and therefore does not utilize a mill stand and the remaining rollers do not utilize a mill stand . according to the invention the number of rollers , and thereby the capacity of the mill is increased without introducing more mill stands . | 1 |
a multi - functional demolition tool is disclosed including a head assembly having a tip , a plurality of blades , and one or more movable talons ; a handle shaft connected to the head assembly ; an actuating mechanism for engaging and disengaging the talons ; and a handle assembly , which may include a hammer end and / or pry bar end . the demolition tool is useful for , among other things , firefighters . the tool may be used to puncture a ceiling or other structure and to remove the ceiling material with the aid of the movable talons . the movable talons will automatically disengage if they hit an obstruction . the movable talons can be manually disengaged to prevent the tool from getting stuck in the ceiling or other structure . | 1 |
a door escape includes a hinge member securable to a door pivotably movable between an open position and a closed position relative to an enclosure . a first securing device secures the hinge member to the door . the first securing device is manually removable from the hinge member from exterior of the enclosure , permitting removal of the door from the enclosure . a second securing device secures the hinge member to the door . the second securing device is manually removable from the hinge member from interior of the enclosure , permitting removal of the door from the enclosure . | 8 |
a lighting fixture utilizing light emitting diodes and easily reconfigurable lenses to provide customizable lighting patterns to more efficiently illuminate work or storage areas . | 5 |
a data storage control device including a dram and a storage device has an address bus common to the dram and the storage device , and a control device for selectively applying an address signal relating to the dram and another address signal relating to the storage device to the address bus . | 6 |
the present invention discloses the identification of a human hypercholesterolemia causal gene , which can be used for the diagnosis , prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia , more particularly familial hypercholesterolemia , as well as for the screening of therapeutically active drugs . the invention more specifically disclosed that mutations in the pcsk9 gene encoding narc - 1 causes autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention . the invention can be used in the diagnosis of predisposition to , detection , prevention and / or treatment of coronary heart disease and , cholesterol , lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders , including familial hypercholesterolemia , atherogenic dyslipidemia , atherosclerosis , cardiovascular diseases . | 0 |
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