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an apparatus , method , and system , the apparatus and system including a flexible microsystems enabled microelectronic device package including a microelectronic device positioned on a substrate ; an encapsulation layer encapsulating the microelectronic device and the substrate ; a protective layer positioned around the encapsulating layer ; and a reinforcing layer coupled to the protective layer , wherein the substrate , encapsulation layer , protective layer and reinforcing layer form a flexible and optically transparent package around the microelectronic device . the method including encapsulating a microelectronic device positioned on a substrate within an encapsulation layer ; sealing the encapsulated microelectronic device within a protective layer ; and coupling the protective layer to a reinforcing layer , wherein the substrate , encapsulation layer , protective layer and reinforcing layer form a flexible and optically transparent package around the microelectronic device . | 7 |
processes in which glass parts are strengthened by ion exchange with cations in a molten salt bath are improved by removal of the small amounts of moisture and other forms of the hydroxyl group present in the salt melt by either chemical or electrolytic means , prior to the ion exchange . the chemical means involve reacting the hydroxyl - containing compounds with the chlorine - containing gas , while the electrolytic means involve electrolysis to gaseous hydrogen and oxygen . preferred embodiments further include a gas purge prior to the chemical or electrolytic treatment . | 2 |
the claimed system and method offers computer readable instructions for software that enables a user to send content that is time - sensitive . this sender may set a window of time in which the content may be viewed . by limiting a time for viewing the sender is able to control the viewing of the message . in addition , the sender may control what reply capabilities , if any , a recipient may have following receipt of the message . further , the sender may be given a list of recipients that have viewed the message . the sender may select recipients based on demographic information . further , the sender may send a message and invite recipients to view data of the message while the data is being created as in viewing the life streaming images or sound being recorded . this system and method may be useful not only to those who wish to create temporary messages to protect privacy of the message , but also to parties such as businesses wishing to attract customers in a time - sensitive manner . | 7 |
We present multiband photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2018cuf, a Type IIP ("P" for plateau) supernova (SN) discovered by the Distance Less Than 40 Mpc Survey within 24 hr of explosion. SN 2018cuf appears to be a typical SN IIP, with an absolute V-band magnitude of -16.73 ± 0.32 at maximum and a decline rate of 0.21 ± 0.05 mag/50 days during the plateau phase. The distance of the object was constrained to be 41.8 ± 5.7 Mpc by using the expanding photosphere method. We used spectroscopic and photometric observations from the first year after the explosion to constrain the progenitor of SN 2018cuf using both hydrodynamic light-curve modeling and late-time spectroscopic modeling. The progenitor of SN 2018cuf was most likely a red supergiant of about 14.5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> that produced 0.04 ± 0.01 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> <SUP>56</SUP>Ni during the explosion. We also found ∼0.07 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> of circumstellar material (CSM) around the progenitor is needed to fit the early light curves, where the CSM may originate from presupernova outbursts. During the plateau phase, high-velocity features at ∼11,000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> were detected in both the optical and near-infrared spectra, supporting the possibility that the ejecta were interacting with some CSM. A very shallow slope during the postplateau phase was also observed, and it is likely due to a low degree of nickel mixing or the relatively high nickel mass in the SN. | 9 |
a novel silicon rf ldmosfet structure based on the use of a stacked ldd , is disclosed . the ldd has been modified from a single layer of n type material to a stack of three layers . these are upper and lower n type layers with a p type layer between them . the upper n type layer is heavily doped to reduce the on - resistance of the device , while the lower n type layer is lightly doped to reduce the output capacitance , thereby improving the high frequency performance . the middle p layer is heavily doped which allows it to bring about pinch - off of the two n layers , thereby raising the device &# 39 ; s breakdown voltage . a process for manufacturing the device , as well as experimental data concerning its performance are also given . | 7 |
the auto - sequenced state machine according to the present invention has a programmable state duration which is independent from the logic speed , it may be adapted to any moore state machine and may operate in metastability occurrence of the latches of the state machine . the programming of a granularity of half a clock cycle provides a performance optimization by using a system of two clocks which are in opposite phase . moreover , the state duration may be programmable on line . the auto - sequenced state machine is composed of a basic moore state machine to which is connected a device comprising a current state decoder which decodes the current state signals q from the moore state machine in order to select one of the biphase state timers and one of the state timing programming circuits , and an or circuit which receives the terminal counts issued from the current selected biphase state timer and generates the final current terminal count to the latches of moore state machine . | 6 |
a method for controlling a robot that has a plurality of articulation axes , with at least one axis that includes a drive mechanism for moving the axis and a holding brake for limiting movement of the axis . the method includes closing the holding brake and at least one of opening the holding brake after the closing step based on an axial load , or opening the holding brake for a specified duration . in addition , or alternatively , closing of the holding brake may be delayed for a period of time . the holding brake may be closed in response to the detection of a monitoring - related condition of the robot . | 6 |
Context. The halo of the Milky Way has long been hypothesized to harbour significant amounts of merger debris. For more than a decade this view has been supported by wide-field photometric surveys which have revealed the outer halo to be lumpy. <BR /> Aims: The recent release of Gaia DR2 is allowing us to establish that mergers also have been important and possibly built up the majority of the inner halo. In this work we focus on the Helmi streams, a group of streams crossing the solar vicinity and known for almost two decades. We characterize their properties and relevance for the build-up of the Milky Way's halo. <BR /> Methods: We identify new members of the Helmi streams in an unprecedented dataset with full phase-space information combining Gaia DR2, and the APOGEE DR2, RAVE DR5, and LAMOST DR4 spectroscopic surveys. Based on the orbital properties of the stars, we find new stream members up to a distance of 5 kpc from the Sun, which we characterized using photometry and metallicity information. We also perform N-body experiments to constrain the time of accretion and properties of the progenitor of the streams. <BR /> Results: We find nearly 600 new members of the Helmi streams. Their HR diagram reveals a broad age range, from ≈11 to 13 Gyr, while their metallicity distribution goes from -2.3 to -1.0, and peaks at [Fe/H] ∼ -1.5. These findings confirm that the streams originate in a dwarf galaxy. Furthermore, we find seven globular clusters to be likely associated, and which follow a well-defined age-metallicity sequence whose properties suggest a relatively massive progenitor object. Our N-body simulations favour a system with a stellar mass of ∼10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> accreted 5 - 8 Gyr ago. <BR /> Conclusions: The debris from the Helmi streams is an important donor to the Milky Way halo, contributing ≈15% of its mass in field stars and 10% of its globular clusters. | 9 |
a process for manufacturing a v - pulley is disclosed . a metallic cylindrical pulley blank is integrally formed by removing material of a circumferential surface of the pulley blank to form a plurality of circumferential v - belt grooves . the pulley blank is subjected to precision machining and shot blasting to form a rough shot blasting layer on the side surfaces of the v - belt grooves . at least one through hole is axially drilled along a longitudinal central axis of the pulley blank from one axial end to opposite axial end of the shot blasted pulley blank to fluidly connect all of plurality of v - belt grooves followed by mounting and fastening a mold for casting tooth rings at the bottoms of the plurality of v - belt grooves and receiving a metal casting fluid into the plurality of v - belt grooves from one end portion of the through hole to form the tooth rings . | 8 |
an exercise apparatus may be built into a couch or other seating assembly . the seating assembly may have a pair of side structures and a seating area between the side structures . the seating assembly may be a couch having a rear face , a pair of arms and a seating area between the arms sized to seat at least two people . a case is mounted alongside one of the side structures of the seating assembly . a cable is routed through the seat assembly to the case . this cable has one end routed to emerge through the seat assembly for pulling exercises . an adjustable weight is mounted in the case and coupled to the cable . the weight can be lifted in response to pulling of the cable . the adjustable weight is accessible in a region that is spaced from the rear face of the couch to avoid any need for clearance behind the couch in order to gain access to the adjustable weight . | 8 |
a hybrid semiconductor package is formed from a die having two opposed elongate die edges with conductive bond pads arranged transversely relative to the rows of outer leads . a first portion of inner leads is off - die wire bonded to some of the bond pads , and a second portion of inner leads is insulatively attached as loc leads between the bond pads along the opposed die edges . the hybrid package results in shorter inner leads of increased pitch enabling improved line yield at wire bond and encapsulation , as well as improved electrical performance , particularly for packages with very small dice . | 7 |
Explaining the existence of super massive black holes (SMBHs) with M<SUB>BH</SUB> ≳ 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at z ≳ 6 is a persistent challenge to modern astrophysics. Multiwavelength observations of z ≳ 6 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) reveal that, on average, their accretion physics is similar to that of their counterparts at lower redshift. However, QSOs showing properties that deviate from the general behavior can provide useful insights into the physical processes responsible for the rapid growth of SMBHs in the early universe. We present X-ray (XMM-Newton, 100 ks) follow-up observations of a z ≈ 6 QSO, J1641+3755, which was found to be remarkably X-ray bright in a 2018 Chandra dataset. J1641+3755 is not detected in the 2021 XMM-Newton observation, implying that its X-ray flux decreased by a factor ≳7 on a notably short timescale (i.e., ≈115 rest-frame days), making it the z > 4 QSO with the largest variability amplitude. We also obtained rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic and photometric data with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Surprisingly, comparing our LBT photometry with archival data, we found that J1641+3755 became consistently brighter in the rest-frame UV band from 2003 to 2016, while no strong variation occurred from 2016 to 2021. Its rest-frame UV spectrum is consistent with the average spectrum of high-redshift QSOs. Multiple narrow absorption features are present, and several of them can be associated with an intervening system at z = 5.67. Several physical causes can explain the variability properties of J1641+3755, including intrinsic variations of the accretion rate, a small-scale obscuration event, gravitational lensing due to an intervening object, and an unrelated X-ray transient in a foreground galaxy in 2018. Accounting for all of the z > 6 QSOs with multiple X-ray observations separated by more that ten rest-frame days, we found an enhancement of strongly (i.e., by a factor > 3) X-ray variable objects compared to QSOs at later cosmic times. This finding may be related to the physics of fast accretion in high-redshift QSOs. | 9 |
a compound chemically sensitive element comprises a chemically sensitive assembly which is selectively sensitive to a specific ion or a specific substance in a material to be examined , and a ph sensor having an insulated gate field effect transistor structure , both of which are separately manufactured . the chemically sensitive assembly and the insulated gate of the ph sensor are electrochemically connected together by a conductive resin , thus improving the durability and the selectivity of the element . in this manner , limitations imposed upon the manufacture of mos ph sensor is removed , permitting a wide variety of chemically sensitive films to be used . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a system , method and medium for receiving and acting upon user input . in one embodiment , the user may only have access to a limited input device , like a stylus . using the present invention , a user is provided with intuitive responses from the system based on inputs from the limited input device . | 6 |
various embodiments of the present disclosure include methods and apparatus for tracking and reporting the environmental impact of food products . in an example embodiment , an apparatus comprises a hand - held device including a display and one or more input devices to sense product identification indicia associated with a food product that is grown or raised in an agricultural operation . the hand - held device includes at least one processor to determine a machine - readable identification code from the product identification indicia ; send the identification code to at least one remote server ; receive , from the at least one remote server , information that is associated with the product , the information including environmental impact information that is associated with the production of the food product ; and display at least some of the received environmental impact information on the display in human readable form . | 6 |
a high accuracy programmable gain amplifier has reduced temperature dependency , reduced supply voltage dependency , and supports accurate amplifier gain and accurate amplifier gain steps . the high accuracy programmable gain amplifier allows requirements compliant electronic devices to be fabricated that are capable of providing improved operational performance with less power consumption , hence extended battery life and improved operational availability . electronic devices that incorporate the high accuracy programmable gain amplifier described below , may experience reduced variations in operational performance resulting in a reduced need for post production calibration , reduced calibration data storage requirements , and reduced device control processor cycles for use in performing calibration operations , thereby allowing such devices to be produced at a lower cost and / or to provide users with increased operational performance and / or increased battery life and , hence , increased operational availability . | 7 |
an ergonomic support apparatus is disclosed . the support apparatus is adapted to be received and supported by a planar surface of a desktop or workstation when the user adopts a reclining position relative to the support apparatus adjacent the desk or workstation , and includes a shaped limb receiving main body portion extending to a lip or shoulder portion that embraces and overhangs a forward facing edge of the desk or workstation to support an aspect of the limb against undesired pressured contact against the edge while simultaneously comfortably supporting the user &# 39 ; s foot or lower leg portion atop the main body portion . | 0 |
The intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxies, regarded as a contaminant in weak lensing analyses, represents the correlation of galaxy shapes due to gravitational tidal interactions and galaxy formation processes. As such, understanding IA is paramount for accurate cosmological inferences from weak lensing surveys; however, one limitation to our understanding and mitigation of IA is expensive simulation-based modeling. In this work, we present a deep learning approach to emulate galaxy position-position ($\xi$), position-orientation ($\omega$), and orientation-orientation ($\eta$) correlation function measurements and uncertainties from halo occupation distribution-based mock galaxy catalogs. We find strong Pearson correlation values with the model across all three correlation functions and further predict aleatoric uncertainties through a mean-variance estimation training procedure. $\xi(r)$ predictions are generally accurate to $\leq10\%$. Our model also successfully captures the underlying signal of the noisier correlations $\omega(r)$ and $\eta(r)$, although with a lower average accuracy. We find that the model performance is inhibited by the stochasticity of the data, and will benefit from correlations averaged over multiple data realizations. Our code will be made open source upon journal publication. | 9 |
this invention provides a method for inhibiting or preventing the abnormal growth of cells , including transformed cells , by administering an effective amount of o - acylated heparin derivative . abnormal growth of cells refers to cell growth independent of normal regulatory mechanism . this includes the abnormal growth of : tumor cells ; benign and malignant cells of other proliferative disease in which aberrant cellular proliferation occurs ; aberrant smooth muscle cell proliferation , such as might occur following treatment for coronary atherosclerosis such as angioplasty or the insertion of a stent into an occluded vessel . | 0 |
proposed is a planetary transmission comprising an internal gear , a sun gear and a planet carrier , upon which at least one planet gear is supported . the planetary transmission possesses a clutch apparatus with a sliding sleeve , which in a first shift - position enables a direct connection between one of the shafts driving the planetary transmission and an output shaft of the planetary transmission . in a second shift - position , the connection of the sliding sleeve enables a change in the speed of rotation between the driving shaft and the output shaft of the planetary transmission . the planet gear is so supported on the planet carrier , that in case of a shifting from a one shift - position into a respective other shift - position , the planet gear on the planet carrier becomes axially slidable . | 5 |
an obturator is provided which allows for placing and withdrawing of a single catheter obturator over an extended period of time so as to allow spaced intervals of use , and non - use of a catheter while in place in the patient &# 39 ; s skin , while at the same time doing away with cumbersome , costly and time consuming administration and maintenance of saline and heparin locks . the device feeds the obturator in place for occluding the catheter lumen , when no fluids are being administered to the patient , and then may be retracted to a position allowing fluid feed through a supply tube connection to the catheter . the device includes a coating on the obturator rod which swells in contact with aqueous fluids to seal completely the catheter lumen which coating includes heparin to prevent clotting . moreover , the entire internal functioning arrangement remains sterile during the entire period of use , thus avoiding infection . | 0 |
electrode catalyst slurry and a tubular conductive layer with leading wire are adhered on the inner and outside surface of a tubular proton membrane to be heated and pressed , where the leading wire of the tubular conductive layer and a conductive coating are formed into a whole without electroplating while avoiding the characteristic change of the electrode catalyst ; and where the leading wire is led along the surface of the membrane with the characteristics of avoiding jamming the spindle space and of no side floss . | 7 |
an ignition device for an internal combustion engine including : a dc power source ; a convertor for raising the voltage of the dc power source to a predetermined voltage ; a charge storing device arranged to be charged with the output from the convertor ; an ignition coil ; an ignition signal generator for generating an ignition signal in synchronization with the rotation of the internal combustion engine ; a switch which is switched on in response to the ignition signal generated by the ignition signal generator to discharge a charge stored in the charge storing device through the ignition coil ; and a controller for stopping the operation of the convertor during a period in which the ignition signal is being transmitted from the ignition signal generator . | 5 |
a method of fabricating a semiconductor structure . according to one aspect of the invention , on a first semiconductor substrate , a first compositionally graded si 1 - x ge x buffer is deposited where the ge composition x is increasing from about zero to a value less than about 20 %. then a first etch - stop si 1 - y ge y layer is deposited where the ge composition y is larger than about 20 % so that the layer is an effective etch - stop . a second etch - stop layer of strained si is then grown . the deposited layer is bonded to a second substrate . after that the first substrate is removed to release said first etch - stop si 1 - y ge y layer . the remaining structure is then removed in another step to release the second etch - stop layer . according to another aspect of the invention , a semiconductor structure is provided . the structure has a layer in which semiconductor devices are to be formed . the semiconductor structure includes a substrate , an insulating layer , a relaxed sige layer where the ge composition is larger than approximately 15 %, and a device layer selected from a group consisting of , but not limited to , strained - si , relaxed si 1 - y ge y layer , strained s 1 - z ge z layer , ge , gaas , iii - v materials , and ii - vi materials , where ge compositions y and z are values between 0 and 1 . | 7 |
Measuring/calculating MTF, NPS and DQE Scripts for measuring MTF and NPS, and thereby calculating DQE. Useful for evaluating low-dose cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) detectors. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) The MTF is measured using the knife-edge method. The edge spread function (ESF) is measured by determining the edge angle, and using this to plot pixels values as function of the distance to the edge. This is fitted to an expression describing the ESF. From the fitted parameter the MTF is directly calculated. Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) or Wiener Spectrum The NPS is measured using a series of flat field exposures. Challenging is estimating NPS(0), which can be done by looking at the normalized variance of progressively binned flat field exposures. Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) Using the MTF and NPS, the DQE can be calculated. Hereby is DQE(0) (a scaling factor) assumed to be a certain value. To actually measure DQE(0) you need an accurate way to measure the true conversion factor (counts out/flux in) of the detector. For example by using a Faraday cup, mounted close to the detector. See the GitHub repository for more information. | 9 |
pumpable free - flowing aqueous coal dispersions containing a special non - ionic dispersant which is a polyalkylene oxide bisphenol a derivative , and the use of the said dispersant in coal / water dispersions . | 8 |
an expendable oceanographic sensor apparatus is deployed from an airplane or a ship to make oceanographic observations in a profile of the surface - to - ocean floor , while deployed on the floor , and then a second profile when returning to the ocean surface . the device then records surface conditions until on - board batteries fail . all data collected is stored and then transmitted from the surface to either a satellite or other receiving station . the apparatus is provided with an anchor that causes descent to the ocean floor and then permits ascent when the anchor is released . anchor release is predetermined by the occurrence of a pre - programmed event . | 6 |
Tight binaries of helium white dwarfs (He WDs) orbiting millisecond pulsars (MSPs) will eventually 'merge' due to gravitational damping of the orbit. The outcome has been predicted to be the production of long-lived ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs), in which the WD transfers material to the accreting neutron star (NS). Here we present complete numerical computations, for the first time, of such stable mass transfer from a He WD to a NS. We have calculated a number of complete binary stellar evolution tracks, starting from pre-low-mass X-ray binary systems, and evolved these to detached MSP+WD systems and further on to UCXBs. The minimum orbital period is found to be as short as 5.6 min. We followed the subsequent widening of the systems until the donor stars become planets with a mass of ∼0.005 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> after roughly a Hubble time. Our models are able to explain the properties of observed UCXBs with high helium abundances and we can identify these sources on the ascending or descending branch in a diagram displaying mass-transfer rate versus orbital period. | 9 |
the present invention relates to aqueous solutions useful as pharmaceutical compositions of posaconazole for intravenous administration . these compositions include a solubilizing agent , such as a modified β - cyclodextrin in an acidified solution , which can also include a chelating agent such as disodium edetate . in clinical trials , a 200 mg posaconazole dose of the selected composition was found to achieve acceptable pharmacokinetic properties . | 0 |
apparatus including a mixing chamber is installed between a standard carburetor base and the intake manifold of a gasoline engine . the mixing chamber includes an air inlet port for admitting a controlled amount of outside air into the mixing chamber and a gasoline vapor port for admitting gasoline vaporized externally of the carburetor into the mixing chamber , a carburetor inlet port for receiving a mixture of air and partially vaporized gasoline from the carburetor throat , and an outlet port through which a mixture of all the gases exhausts into the intake manifold . the carburetor includes a first throttle valve for controlling the air amount and partially vaporized gasoline passing into the mixing chamber . a second throttle valve controls the amount of mixed gas drawn through the mixing chamber outlet port into the intake manifold . a linkage connected to the automobile accelerator cable opens the second throttle in response to initial accelerator displacement . as the engine load increases and the accelerator is depressed further , the second throttle valve opens further and the linkage causes the first throttle valve to partially open , admitting a normal air charge and partially vaporized gasoline into the mixing chamber along with the air and gasoline vapor admitted through the two ports thereof . during cold start , while an automatic choke is closed , the first throttle valve opens . the linkage forces the second throttle valve open , and a rich mixture suitable for cold engine conditions passes through the mixing chamber into the intake manifold . | 5 |
a food storage device for storing a food product , a shelf positioned at least partially within the housing , and a coupling assembly coupling the shelf to the housing and adjustable to position the shelf in one of a plurality of different angles relative to the housing . preferably , the housing comprises a frame creating a surface coupled to the coupling assembly , and a translucent panel coupled to the frame to facilitate viewing food product positioned in the housing . in one embodiment , the coupling assembly comprises a magnetic assembly including a magnet secured to the shelf and magnetically coupled to the housing . preferably , the magnetic assembly further comprises a magnet holder secured to the shelf , wherein the magnet is secured to the holder . in this embodiment , the magnet can be secured to the magnet holder by an intermediate material positioned between the magnet and the magnet holder . the coupling assembly preferably includes a bracket that is positioned in an opening in the shelf . for example , the bracket can include an upper protrusion that engages an upper surface of the shelf and a lower protrusion that engages a lower surface of the shelf . | 0 |
The hot water and acid extracts of two different Ryugu samples collected by the Hayabusa2 mission were analyzed for the presence of aliphatic amines and amino acids. The abundances and relative distributions of both classes of molecules were determined, as well as the enantiomeric compositions of the chiral amino acids. The Ryugu samples studied here were recovered from sample chambers A and C, which were composed of surface material, and a combination of surface and possible subsurface material, respectively. A total of thirteen amino acids were detected and quantitated in these samples, with an additional five amino acids that were tentatively identified but not quantitated. The abundances of four aliphatic amines identified in the Ryugu samples were also determined in the current work. Amino acids were observed in the acid hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed hot water extracts of asteroid Ryugu regolith using liquid chromatography with UV fluorescence detection and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Conversely, aliphatic amines were only analyzed in the unhydrolyzed hot water Ryugu extracts. Two- to six-carbon (C<SUB>2</SUB>-C<SUB>6</SUB>) amino acids with individual abundances ranging from 0.02 to 15.8 nmol g<SUP>-1</SUP>, and one- to three-carbon (C<SUB>1</SUB>-C<SUB>3</SUB>) aliphatic amines with individual abundances from 0.05 to 34.14 nmol g<SUP>-1</SUP>, were found in the hot water extracts. Several non-protein amino acids that are rare in biology, including β-amino-n-butyric acid (β-ABA) and β-aminoisobuytric acid (β-AIB), were racemic or very nearly racemic, thus indicating their likely abiotic origins. Trace amounts of select protein amino acids that were enriched in the L-enantiomer may indicate low levels of terrestrial amino acid contamination in the samples. However, the presence of elevated abundances of free and racemic alanine, a common protein amino acid in terrestrial biology, and elevated abundances of the predominately free and racemic non-protein amino acids, β-ABA and β-AIB, indicate that many of the amino acids detected in the Ryugu water extracts were indigenous to the samples. Although the Ryugu samples have been found to be chemically similar to CI type carbonaceous chondrites, the measured concentrations and relative distributions of amino acids and aliphatic amines in Ryugu samples were notably different from those previously observed for the CI1.1 carbonaceous chondrite, Orgueil. This discrepancy could be the result of differences in the original chemical compositions of the parent bodies and/or alteration conditions, such as space weathering. In addition to α-amino acids that could have been formed by Strecker cyanohydrin synthesis during a low temperature aqueous alteration phase, β-, γ-, and δ-amino acids, including C<SUB>3</SUB> - C<SUB>5</SUB> straight-chain n-ω-amino acids that are not formed by Strecker synthesis, were also observed in the Ryugu extracts. The suite of amino acids measured in the Ryugu samples indicates that multiple amino acid formation mechanisms were active on the Ryugu parent body. The analytical techniques used here are well-suited to search for similar analytes in asteroid Bennu material collected by the NASA OSIRIS-REx mission scheduled for Earth return in September 2023. | 9 |
an apparatus and method is disclosed for providing an electrostatic discharge protection circuit for compound semiconductor devices and circuits . the electrostatic discharge protection circuit comprises a first terminal and a second terminal . the electrostatic discharge protection circuit further comprises a transistor shunt element that is operably coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal ; the transistor shunt element is capable of providing a bi - directional discharge path between the first terminal and the second terminal . the electrostatic discharge protection circuit further comprises a shut - off element that is operably coupled with the second terminal ; the shut - off element is capable of keeping the transistor shunt element turned - off . | 7 |
the invention relates to a method and system for analyzing the dynamic behavior of an electrical circuit including a multiple layered power distribution system formed by a power grid and a plurality of electrical elements , said multiple layered power distribution system having at least two wiring layers providing a specified supply voltage level to each of said electrical elements , said analysis resulting in a representation that allows a judgment of whether or not the voltage level at any of said electrical elements might leave a predetermined voltage range under the condition that a predetermined number of said electrical elements are driven at the same time span . a first representation of said multiple layered power distribution system is converted into a second representation being formed by an abstraction of the first representation by reducing the complexity of the multiple layered power distribution system by at least one wiring layer , and the dynamic behavior of said electrical circuit based on said second representation of said multiple layered power distribution system is analyzed . advantageously , the method and system according to the present invention can be used for on - chip power supply network evaluation . it is even so efficient to be already used early in the chip development process . | 6 |
a method for drilling offshore wells in deep water with greater safety and with fewer casing strings , maintaining a maximum diameter wellbore in the early stages of drilling to facilitate casing operations in and beyond deviated sections , and providing full well control while setting surface casing . this method utilizes a two - riser system for drilling in which the surface casing interval is run and set within a large diameter , light duty riser . thereafter , drilling proceeds with a heavy duty riser . | 4 |
a yarn is provided with a hollow fiber including a plurality of filaments and one or more longitudinal voids between the filaments ; and a heat retention fiber being a fiber for emitting infrared light , the heat retention fiber including a plurality of filaments each being capable of retaining heat , the filaments having nanoscale powder capable of emitting near and far infrared light uniformly formed therein . the hollow fiber and the heat retention fiber are twisted together to form a yarn having heat retention capability . | 3 |
We derive the bolometric luminosities (L <SUB>bol</SUB>) of 865 field-age and 189 young ultracool dwarfs (spectral types M6-T9, including 40 new discoveries presented here) by directly integrating flux-calibrated optical to mid-infrared (MIR) spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The SEDs consist of low-resolution (R ~ 150) near-infrared (NIR; 0.8-2.5μm) spectra (including new spectra for 97 objects), optical photometry from the Pan-STARRS1 survey, and MIR photometry from the CatWISE2020 survey and Spitzer/IRAC. Our L <SUB>bol</SUB> calculations benefit from recent advances in parallaxes from Gaia, Spitzer, and UKIRT, as well as new parallaxes for 19 objects from CFHT and Pan-STARRS1 presented here. Coupling our L <SUB>bol</SUB> measurements with a new uniform age analysis for all objects, we estimate substellar masses, radii, surface gravities, and effective temperatures (T <SUB>eff</SUB>) using evolutionary models. We construct empirical relationships for L <SUB>bol</SUB> and T <SUB>eff</SUB> as functions of spectral type and absolute magnitude, determine bolometric corrections in optical and infrared bandpasses, and study the correlation between evolutionary model-derived surface gravities and NIR gravity classes. Our sample enables a detailed characterization of BT-SETTL and ATMO 2020 atmospheric model systematics as a function of spectral type and position in the NIR color-magnitude diagram. We find the greatest discrepancies between atmospheric and evolutionary model-derived T <SUB>eff</SUB> (up to 800 K) and radii (up to 2.0 R <SUB>Jup</SUB>) at the M/L spectral type transition boundary. With 1054 objects, this work constitutes the largest sample to date of ultracool dwarfs with determinations of their fundamental parameters. | 9 |
We review the current status of Early Dark Energy (EDE) models proposed to resolve the "Hubble tension", the discrepancy between "direct" measurements of the current expansion rate of the Universe and "indirect measurements" for which the values inferred rely on the ΛCDM cosmological model calibrated on early-universe data. EDE refers to a new form of dark energy active at early times (typically a scalar-field), that quickly dilutes away at a redshift close to matter-radiation equality. The role of EDE is to decrease the sound horizon by briefly contributing to the Hubble rate in the pre-recombination era. We summarize the results of several analyses of EDE models suggested thus far in light of recent cosmological data, including constraints from the canonical Planck data, baryonic acoustic oscillations and Type Ia supernovae, and the more recent hints driven by cosmic microwave background observations using the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. We also discuss potential challenges to EDE models, from theoretical ones (a second "cosmic coincidence" problem in particular) to observational ones, related to the amplitude of clustering on scales of 8 h /Mpc as measured by weak-lensing observables (the so-called S<SUB>8</SUB> tension) and the galaxy power spectrum from BOSS analyzed through the effective field theory of large-scale structure. We end by reviewing recent attempts at addressing these shortcomings of the EDE proposal. While current data remain inconclusive on the existence of an EDE phase, we stress that given the signatures of EDE models imprinted in the CMB and matter power spectra, next-generation experiments can firmly establish whether EDE is the mechanism responsible for the Hubble tension and distinguish between the various models suggested in the literature. | 9 |
We study feedback during massive star formation using semi-analytic methods, considering the effects of disk winds, radiation pressure, photoevaporation, and stellar winds, while following protostellar evolution in collapsing massive gas cores. We find that disk winds are the dominant feedback mechanism setting star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from initial cores of ∼0.3-0.5. However, radiation pressure is also significant to widen the outflow cavity causing reductions of SFE compared to the disk-wind only case, especially for > 100 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> star formation at clump mass surface densities {{{Σ }}}<SUB>{cl</SUB>}≲ 0.3 {{g}} {{cm}}<SUP>-2</SUP>. Photoevaporation is of relatively minor importance due to dust attenuation of ionizing photons. Stellar winds have even smaller effects during the accretion stage. For core masses {M}<SUB>c</SUB>≃ 10-1000 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> and {{{Σ }}}<SUB>{cl</SUB>}≃ 0.1-3 {{g}} {{cm}}<SUP>-2</SUP>, we find the overall SFE to be {\bar{\varepsilon }}<SUB>* f</SUB>=0.31{({R}<SUB>c</SUB>/0.1{pc})}<SUP>-0.39</SUP>, potentially a useful sub-grid star formation model in simulations that can resolve pre-stellar core radii, {R}<SUB>c</SUB>=0.057{({M}<SUB>c</SUB>/60{M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>)}<SUP>1/2</SUP>{({{{Σ }}}<SUB>{cl</SUB>}/{{g}}{{cm}}<SUP>-2</SUP>)}<SUP>-1/2</SUP> {pc}. The decline of SFE with M <SUB> c </SUB> is gradual with no evidence for a maximum stellar-mass set by feedback processes up to stellar masses of {m}<SUB>* </SUB>∼ 300 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>. We thus conclude that the observed truncation of the high-mass end of the IMF is shaped mostly by the pre-stellar core mass function or internal stellar processes. To form massive stars with the observed maximum masses of ∼150-300{M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>, initial core masses need to be ≳ 500-1000 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>. We also apply our feedback model to zero-metallicity primordial star formation, showing that, in the absence of dust, photoevaporation staunches accretion at ∼ 50 {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>. Our model implies radiative feedback is most significant at metallicities ∼ {10}<SUP>-2</SUP>{Z}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>, since both radiation pressure and photoevaporation are effective in this regime. | 9 |
a multi - accessory hammer is provided having an rapid release accessory change mechanism that includes a housing mounted to the butt end of a hammer and having an opening therein . a resilient means such as a spring is mounted within the housing , and an accessory locking device is mounted over the spring . one end of this locking device extends through the opening in the housing and is capable of rapidly hooking onto an accessory . the locking device also has a side arm extending along the exterior of housing and is capable of urging the locking device against the resilient means to allow unhooking of the accessory from the locking device . | 1 |
described are novel systems for electrodeposition of paint on counter - electrodes , and membrane electrode assemblies for incorporation into such systems . in certain embodiments of the invention , electrode enclosures such as c - shaped or box - shaped enclosures include membranes sealed to secondary structural members by bonding . in other embodiments , membrane electrode cells having bumpers are mounted within paint baths in a manner wherein the bumpers are forcibly biased against the exterior wall of the bath , thereby stabilizing the position of the cells . in still further embodiments , tubular electrode cells are provided with internal valves allowing the release of liquid trapped within the tubular electrodes into the membrane shell . in this manner , removal of the electrodes for maintenance , replacement or other purposes is facilitated . | 1 |
a mudline tubing hanger is disclosed in which the tubing hanger is provided as an integral part of the tubing string and is set within the casing by an hydraulic setting mechanism driven through an external control line and actuated by a wireline shifted sleeve . further manipulation of the sleeve isolates the setting mechanism from the tubing and external control line , establishing a chemical injection conduit with access to the tubing bore through the external control line . | 4 |
a server apparatus includes a processor . the processor is configured to perform : calculation target data receiving processing , group id receiving processing , data registering processing and integrated calculation result transmitting processing . the calculation target data receiving processing receives calculation target data which is to be output from an information display device . the group id receiving processing receives a group id . the data registering processing registers the calculation target data received in the calculation target data receiving processing in association with the group id received in the group id receiving processing . the integrated calculation result transmitting processing integrates each calculation target data registered in association with the group id in the data registering processing for each group id and transmits a calculating result based on the integrated data . | 6 |
an improved automated testing system that decreases the number of test signals that must be stored in the tester pattern memory for a timed test pattern . in the present invention , a timed test pattern is controlled by a timing generator operable to change the timing interval of individual test cycles during the timed test pattern between first and second timing intervals , thereby decreasing the number of test signals stored in pattern memory for the timed test pattern . the method and apparatus of the present invention can be implemented to test integrated circuits comprising circuitry operating in first and second time domains wherein the first and second timing intervals of the timed test pattern correspond to the first and second time domains of the circuit , respectively . | 6 |
Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we have measured a trigonometric parallax for the microquasar GRS 1915+105, which contains a black hole and a K-giant companion. This yields a direct distance estimate of 8.6<SUP>+2.0</SUP><SUB>{-</SUB>1.6} kpc and a revised estimate for the mass of the black hole of 12.4<SUP>+2.0</SUP><SUB>-1.8</SUB> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. GRS 1915+105 is at about the same distance as some H II regions and water masers associated with high-mass star formation in the Sagittarius spiral arm of the Galaxy. The absolute proper motion of GRS 1915+105 is -3.19 ± 0.03 mas yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and -6.24 ± 0.05 mas yr<SUP>-1</SUP> toward the east and north, respectively, which corresponds to a modest peculiar speed of 22 ± 24 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> at the parallax distance, suggesting that the binary did not receive a large velocity kick when the black hole formed. On one observational epoch, GRS 1915+105 displayed superluminal motion along the direction of its approaching jet. Considering previous observations of jet motions, the jet in GRS 1915+105 can be modeled with a jet inclination to the line of sight of 60° ± 5° and a variable flow speed between 0.65c and 0.81c, which possibly indicates deceleration of the jet at distances from the black hole >~ 2000 AU. Finally, using our measurements of distance and estimates of black hole mass and inclination, we provisionally confirm our earlier result that the black hole is spinning very rapidly. | 9 |
the present invention relates to curculigo latifolia extracts , wherein the extracts extracted from different parts of a plant such as fruits , roots and leaves , individually and in any combinations thereof , characterized in that the extracts are used as an agent for treating and preventing metabolic disorder diseases such as diabetes mellitus , obesity , cardiovascular , and atherosclerosis . | 0 |
a power supply apparatus controls the gate and drain power supplies at the rise time so that an output voltage of the gate power rises earlier than that of the drain power supply . another power supply control apparatus controls the gate and drain power supplies at the fall time so that an output voltage of the gate power supply fails later than that of the drain power supply . another power supply control apparatus turns off the drain supply of the fet among power supplies when it is detected by a voltage monitor whenever either of output voltages or the power supplies are not within said specified range . | 6 |
an artificial expert system and method for determining whether to buy , sell , or hold a specific individually traded unit of publicly traded units residing in a securities or investment portfolio owned or controlled by a user , wherein the portfolio comprises of at least the trading statistics of each itu . in one embodiment , the invention provides a user with a rational basis : to sell the optimum number of itu &# 39 ; s to unload at the optimum itu sale price or buy the optimum number of itu &# 39 ; s to purchase at the optimum itu purchase price or recommend that the user neither buy nor sell any of the selected itu &# 39 ; s . | 6 |
It has been known for several decades that transport of chemical elements is induced by the process of microscopic atomic diffusion. Yet the effect of atomic diffusion, including radiative levitation, has hardly been studied in the context of gravity-mode pulsations of core hydrogen burning stars. In this paper we study the difference in the properties of such modes for models with and without atomic diffusion. We perform asteroseismic modeling of two slowly rotating A- and F-type pulsators, KIC 11145123 ( ${f}_{\mathrm{rot}}$ $\approx \,0.010\,{\mathrm{day}}^{-1}$ ) and KIC 9751996 ( ${f}_{\mathrm{rot}}$ $\approx \,0.0696\,{\mathrm{day}}^{-1}$ ), respectively, based on the periods of individual gravity modes. For both stars, we find models whose g-mode periods are in very good agreement with the Kepler asteroseismic data, keeping in mind that the theoretical/numerical precision of present-day stellar evolution models is typically about two orders of magnitude lower than the measurement errors. Using the Akaike Information Criterion, we have made a comparison between our best models with and without diffusion and found very strong evidence for signatures of atomic diffusion in the pulsations of KIC 11145123. In the case of KIC 9751996 the models with atomic diffusion are not able to explain the data as well as the models without it. Furthermore, we compare the observed surface abundances with those predicted by the best-fitting models. The observed abundances are inconclusive for KIC 9751996, while those of KIC 11145123 from the literature can better be explained by a model with atomic diffusion. | 9 |
a method of supporting loose fill insulation in a wall cavity with a flexible cloth . the cloth is secured to the wall cavity frame by initially fastening the upper and lower edges of the cloth to the upper and lower plates , and then permanently gluing the cloth to the vertical studs with a flowable adhesive . a small punch hole is made in the cloth to accommodate an installation tube , which is preferably angled at its end to facilitate reaching into small spaces and cracks . loose fill insulation is blown into the cavity behind the cloth after inserting the installation tube through the punch hole in the cloth . the quality of the adhesion of the cloth to the studs can be assessed by observing the color of the studs through the cloth . | 4 |
Context. The recent discovery of several ultra high-energy gamma-ray emitters in our Galaxy constitutes a significant advancement towards unveiling its most powerful accelerators and their properties. Nonetheless, in order to unambiguously locate the regions where the highest energy particles are produced and understand the responsible physical mechanisms, detailed spectral and morphological studies are required, especially given that most of the observed sources were found to be significantly extended. Aims. In these regards, pointing observations with the next-generation Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, like the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory and the ASTRI Mini-Array (ASTRI), are expected to provide significant improvements. Here we aim at identifying the most promising sources to target in future observations. Methods. To this purpose, we performed a comparative analysis of the expected performance of ASTRI and CTA, computing their differential sensitivities towards extended sources, and further explored their capabilities with respect to specific case studies, including follow-ups of existing gamma-ray source catalogs. Results. We find that almost all of the sources so far detected by LHAASO-WCDA and HGPS will be in the reach of ASTRI and CTA with 300 and 50 hours of exposure, respectively. For the highest energy emitters detected by LHAASO-KM2A, in turn, we provide the list of the most promising objects to be investigated. We further examined specific classes of sources in order to identify potentially detectable gamma-ray emitters, such as passive molecular clouds (i.e. illuminated by the cosmic-ray sea) and pulsars surrounded by a halo of runaway particles. | 9 |
a composition and method which prevents or mitigates irritation on the skin of a subject by protecting against or relieving chafing , itching and moisture , and which provides a cooling sensation where applied . | 0 |
Library for reading and analyzing astrophysical spectral data cubes | 9 |
an actuator is formed by using at least one flexure that is continuously flexible between a rigid connection to a stator and a rigid connection to a translator . the one or more continuously flexible flexures provide a long range of translator motion when combined with an electrostatic levitation arrangement . in selected embodiments , the flexures that are continuously flexible are straight beam flexures , so as to provide a high degree of stiffness . in other embodiments , the flexures are pre - bent to provide a longer switching throw from a relaxed state . where the translator is required to be displaced in a generally straight - line direction , some off - axis displacement will occur , but is preferably accompanied by a stepping of a levitation voltage pattern . in another embodiment one and only one straight beam flexure is used and the levitator is caused to rotate about a rotational axis that is intersected by the one straight beam flexure . | 7 |
a paging system , which consists of a number of central stations , each of which contains a number of pager apparatus associated with it . each pager apparatus responds to one or more identifying numbers so that a caller may send a paging message to one or a number of pager apparatus , all of which respond to the same identifying number . the central station includes a profile of information for each pager apparatus associated with it . paging information is comprised of various identification numbers to which the pager apparatus responds , as well as selected type of services . pagers can additionally restrict receiving pages from unwelcome callers , prioritize messages , limit the number of received calls , and arrange for a transfer of their calls from one central station to another central station . the central station can also store voice message providing an indication to the selected pager to call the central station to retrieve voice message . the central station utilizes a protocol which synchronizes the data and the time for each pager apparatus . it can then address messages to one or a plurality of pagers simultaneously , send messages to the pagers or send control signals which can override local controls and enable or disable the local pager operation . the pager can initiate reception outside of the assigned time slot . emergency calls are handled to override any ongoing transmission . auditorium cutoff can arrange to disable the audio response of pagers within the locale . authorization can be required for a transaction . means exist for billing for the processing and transmission of paging data on a per call basis . verification of transmission or a transaction for billing purposes can be via a page or over the telephone network to the caller or to a third party . | 6 |
a roll bar assembly capable of punching through a rear window on deployment comprises a deployable u - shaped roll bar fitted with a pin made of hard material . the pin may be fixed to an upper surface of the roll bar or may be housed inside the top portion of the roll bar and deployed at the appropriate moment by pyrotechnic means . | 1 |
phenyloxy , phenylsulfinyl , phenylthio , phenylsulfonyl , benzyloxy , benzylthio , benzylsulfinyl , or benzylsulfonyl , alkyl or alkenyl derivatives wherein the alkyl or alkenyl group contains at least 7 carbon atoms which are useful in killing and preventing proliferation of insects by upsetting their hormone balance . | 2 |
R code and files for the analysis of the manuscript entitled "Temperature impacts the environmental suitability for malaria transmission by Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi" | 9 |
a surgical apparatus for performance of a surgical procedure on body tissue is provided and includes a housing , an elongate tubular member , a drive assembly , an electrical coupling component , and an electrical wire . the elongate tubular member is at least partially supported by the housing and defines a center lumen and a longitudinal axis . the drive assembly extends from the housing into the center lumen of the elongate tubular member . the electrical coupling component is located about the drive assembly . the electrical wire extends from within the housing into the elongate tubular member . the electrical wire is wrapped about the electrical coupling component , which allows the elongate tubular member to rotate about the longitudinal axis while allowing the electrical wire to be fixed within the housing and the elongate tubular member . | 0 |
MATLAB UI for analyzing single-molecule time series image stacks. | 9 |
A simple model of spherical dark matter haloes is proposed in terms of two structure functions. In the framework of this model, we analysed the properties of 450 000 simulated haloes with masses M<SUB>vir</SUB> > 10<SUP>11</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. We compared the mean characteristics of simulated haloes with the corresponding characteristics of 641 galaxies and found that the basic characteristics of the two populations are similar but that their probability distribution functions are different. This disagreement may be caused by technical factors such as the halo identification algorithm, which does not reproduce the observed dark matter haloes correctly. | 9 |
a hydrophilic phenol ester derivative , especially a sulphonated or carboxylated phenol ester is prepared by reacting a c 6 - c 18 substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic carboxylic acid with a c 2 - c 3 alkanoic anhydride , and reacting the resultant c 6 - c 18 acid anhydride with a substituted phenol such as an alkali metal phenol sulphonate salt or hydroxybenzene carboxylic acid to give a c 6 - c 18 acyloxy derivative of a substituted benzene . the two stage process may be carried out in the same reaction vessel without the use of solvents . the products are useful as peroxyacid bleach precursors . | 2 |
a security information management system is described , wherein client - side devices preferably collect and monitor information describing the operating system , software , and patches installed on the device , as well as configuration thereof . a database of this information is maintained , along with data describing vulnerabilities of available software and associated remediation techniques available for it . the system exposes an api to support security - related decisions by other applications . for example , an intrusion detection system accesses the database to determine whether an actual threat exists and should be blocked . | 7 |
a hybrid circuit - breaker for interrupting currents having high dc components , said hybrid circuit - breaker comprising a compressed - air circuit - breaker that re - closes automatically , and a sulfur hexafluoride circuit - breaker , the circuit - breakers being disposed in series . | 7 |
a variable focus liquid lens is formed using two substrates with at least two through holes in at least one of the substrates . one end of each through hole is covered with a distensible membrane , one on the exterior surface of the substrate and the other on the interior surface . the substrates are sealed about the periphery to form a chamber and the chamber is filled with a liquid material . when pressure is applied to the membrane the liquid in the chamber is redistributed to form the lens . the variable focus liquid - filled lens is formed by providing a first and second substrate , forming at least two through holes in at least one of the first and second substrate , sealing one end of each of the at least two holes with a flexible transparent membrane , and sandwiching a liquid in a chamber formed between the first and second substrate . | 6 |
We present SkyCURTAINs, a data driven and model agnostic method to search for stellar streams in the Milky Way galaxy using data from the Gaia telescope. SkyCURTAINs is a weakly supervised machine learning algorithm that builds a background enriched template in the signal region by leveraging the correlation of the source's characterising features with their proper motion in the sky. This allows for a more representative template of the background in the signal region, and reduces the false positives in the search for stellar streams. The minimal model assumptions in the SkyCURTAINs method allow for a flexible and efficient search for various kinds of anomalies such as streams, globular clusters, or dwarf galaxies directly from the data. We test the performance of SkyCURTAINs on the GD-1 stream and show that it is able to recover the stream with a purity of 75.4% which is an improvement of over 10% over existing machine learning based methods while retaining a signal efficiency of 37.9%. | 9 |
the present invention is related to a process for the preparation of 3 - cyano - 1 - naphthoic acid and some analogues thereof of formula , the intermediate 1 - halo - 3 - cyano naphthalene and some analogues thereof used in this process and a process for the preparation of said intermediate . | 2 |
a method of controlling a brushless dc motor of the type having a stator , comprising a stator winding excitable to generate a stator magnetic field , and a rotor , arranged to rotate with respect to the stator and comprising permanently magnetized material arranged to generate a rotor magnetic field to interact with the stator magnetic field to produce rotation of the rotor . the method comprises the steps of driving current through the stator winding to generate a stator magnetic field to interact with the rotor magnetic field , detecting rotor position with respect to the stator , and cyclically commutating the stator winding current according to rotor position as the rotor rotates . each commutation cycle includes a drive portion during which current is driven through the stator winding in one sense and at the end of which the driving of current in said sense is ceased . the method further comprises the steps of during an initial portion of each drive portion , driving current through the winding such that the magnitude of the winding current increases and during an end portion of each drive portion , actively reducing the magnitude of the winding current . | 7 |
Release to accompany the first Mobius paper: "Rapid development of fast and flexible environmental models: The Mobius framework v1.0" | 9 |
a pivoted pointer or stylus is mounted for actuation by reciprocatory plunger action . it has a stop associated with the plunger to hold the stylus locked in a neutral position until the plunger is actuated . the stylus has a cam action surface for cooperating with another part of the stop after the stop has moved to release the stylus . the cam action causes pivotal movement of the stylus to indicate an event . | 8 |
a substrate located in an energetic - beam instrument has a region of interest to be extracted as a sample for further analysis . cuts are made in the substrate to define a sample , and a stress - buffer layer is formed over the region of interest or adjacent to it . an isolating cut is made to separate the portion of the substrate containing the region of interest from the bulk substrate ; however , the isolated area remains attached to the stress - buffer layer . an end - effector , such as the probe of a nano - manipulator , is attached to the stress - buffer layer , and the stress - buffer layer is cut to free the sample . the sample may then be attached to a holder by attachment of the stress - buffer layer thereto . thus the sample is never at the same time connected directly and rigidly to two different objects that may move relatively to one another , creating undesirable stresses in the sample . | 7 |
a chrysanthemum plant named ‘ redock white ’ characterized by its medium sized single type blooms with white ray - florets and yellow - green disc florets . | 0 |
a data transfer apparatus and method that can make efficient use of a memory and a common bus by controlling a dma controller through descriptor control , and can thereby achieve a data transfer with increased communication processing speed . the data transfer apparatus , which executes a dma transfer by controlling the dma controller through the use of a descriptor , includes : a first storage mechanism for storing descriptor common information that can be shared among a plurality of descriptors ; a second storage mechanism for storing descriptor individual information that differs for each individual descriptor ; and a conversion circuit for taking as inputs the descriptor common information read out of the first storage mechanism and the descriptor individual information read out of the second storage mechanism , and for outputting descriptor information to be supplied to the dma controller . | 6 |
Land climate is important for human population since it affects inhabited areas. Here we evaluate the realism of simulated evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation, and temperature in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble on continental areas. For ET, a newly compiled synthesis data set prepared within the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment-sponsored LandFlux-EVAL project is used. The results reveal systematic ET biases in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations, with an overestimation in most regions, especially in Europe, Africa, China, Australia, Western North America, and part of the Amazon region. The global average overestimation amounts to 0.17 mm/d. This bias is more pronounced than in the previous CMIP3 ensemble (overestimation of 0.09 mm/d). Consistent with the ET overestimation, precipitation is also overestimated relative to existing reference data sets. We suggest that the identified biases in ET can explain respective systematic biases in temperature in many of the considered regions. The biases additionally display a seasonal dependence and are generally of opposite sign (ET underestimation and temperature overestimation) in boreal summer (June-August). | 9 |
disclosed is a bio - fertilizer composition for promoting growth of orchid plants . the composition comprises a symbiotic organism , a growth substance ; and a medium , which is used to mix and evenly disperse the symbiotic organisms and the growth substance . the symbiotic organism is selected from the group consisting of rhizoctonia sp . and rhizoctonia sp . . the bio - fertilizer composition according to the invention can promote the growth of orchid plants , increase the flowering rate and flowering quality , decrease the occurrence of root disease to prevent the usage of pesticide , and increase the beneficial components toward human health of medicinal orchids . | 0 |
Strong magnetic fields in chemically peculiar A-type (Ap) stars typically suppress low-overtone pressure modes (p modes) but allow high-overtone p modes to be driven. KIC 11296437 is the first star to show both. We obtained and analysed a Subaru spectrum, from which we show that KIC 11296437 has abundances similar to other magnetic Ap stars, and we estimate a mean magnetic field modulus of 2.8 ± 0.5 kG. The same spectrum rules out a double-lined spectroscopic binary, and we use other techniques to rule out binarity over a wide parameter space, so the two pulsation types originate in one δ Sct-roAp hybrid pulsator. We construct stellar models depleted in helium and demonstrate that helium settling is second to magnetic damping in suppressing low-overtone p modes in Ap stars. We compute the magnetic damping effect for selected p and g modes, and find that modes with frequencies similar to the fundamental mode are driven for polar field strengths ≲4 kG, while other low-overtone p modes are driven for polar field strengths up to ∼1.5 kG. We find that the high-order g modes commonly observed in γ Dor stars are heavily damped by polar fields stronger than 1-4 kG, with the damping being stronger for higher radial orders. We therefore explain the observation that no magnetic Ap stars have been observed as γ Dor stars. We use our helium-depleted models to calculate the δ Sct instability strip for metallic-lined A (Am) stars, and find that driving from a Rosseland mean opacity bump at ∼5 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> K caused by the discontinuous H-ionization edge in bound-free opacity explains the observation of δ Sct pulsations in Am stars. | 9 |
this invention encompasses products and methods for preventing teat infections in cows resulting from a variety of causes . more specifically , this invention relates to products and methods for blocking a cow &# 39 ; s teat and teat canal to prevent infection during a non - lactating period . | 0 |
methods and apparatus for rapidly drying and compacting wet fiber mats are disclosed . rapid drying is produced by heating the wet fiber mats with a combination of radiowave energy and conductive heating . as the fiber mats are heated , three - dimensional compacting forces are applied by pressing the fiber mats between a flat surface press and a porous support on which is mounted a resilient mold insert . at high radio frequencies in the microwave range , power is transmitted from a multimode cavity through the porous support and resilient mold insert to the fiber mat . at low radio frequencies , differential radio - frequency voltages are applied directly to metal press plates which contain and compact the fiber mat . methods and apparatus can be adapted to conveyorized or multi - opening press operations . objects suitable for use with the invention are most commonly characterized by having a flat face surface on one side and webs or other features which may extend normal or generally normal to the flat surface . | 5 |
a facultatively anaerobic microorganism of a strain of klebsiella oxytoca is disclosed for degrading toxic waste materials into more environmentally acceptable materials . processes for utilizing the microorganism in a sequencing batch reactor , and for treating industrial and municipal wastes , such as chemical waste landfill leachate and chemical process wastewater , are also disclosed . | 2 |
a method for detecting an event indicative of a change of tv channel by a viewer comprises analyzing one or more video frames displayed on the tv screen to identify a change which is associated with a tv channel change . | 7 |
a semiconductor device includes a first conductive member , a second conductive member , a semiconductor chip , which is located between the conductive members , a bonding member , which is located between the first conductive member and the semiconductor chip , another bonding member , which is located between the second conductive member and the semiconductor chip , a molding resin , which is located between the first and second conductive members to seal the semiconductor chip , and a bonding member anti - sticking means , which is located between the molding resin and a surface of one member selected from the group consisting of the semiconductor chip and the conductive members . the bonding member anti - sticking means prevents the bonding members from sticking to the surface in the manufacturing process . as a result , the otherwise insufficient connection due to the sticking between the molding resin and the surface is improved , and the semiconductor device becomes durable in electric performance . | 7 |
a device for safely removing contaminated needles from syringes without exposing medical personnel to unnecessary health risks . the device requires only one hand to operate ; medical personnel simply insert the syringe and press downwardly . the pressure exerted by the user causes disconnect gears to engage the collar of the needle and unscrew the needle from the syringe , at which time the needle falls into a container . the device includes means for forcing needles into the container when the rubber portion of an unscrewed needle gets &# 34 ; trapped &# 34 ; in the disconnect gears , and also includes means for preventing further disengagement of needles when the container cannot safely accommodate additional needles . also included in the disclosed device is an opening for receiving needles other than the type that can be disconnected by the gears . the container includes a recess for storing a permanent lid , which is applied to the device when the container is full and ready to be disposed . | 0 |
the invention belongs to the field of animal health , in particular equine diseases caused by equine herpesvirus . the invention relates to artificial chromosomes comprising the genome of equine herpesviruses , methods of producing attenuated or virulent ehv with or without the insertion of foreign genes , ehv obtainable with said methods and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said viruses . | 2 |
This release is that used to produce the results for the article, A multidimensional method-of-lines transport scheme for atmospheric flows over steep terrain using arbitrary meshes. | 9 |
in a computer graphics rendering process , a first triangle - shaped primitive and a second triangle - shaped primitive that are connected are optionally combined to form a quadrangle - shaped primitive . when the first and second triangle - shaped primitives are combined , the resultant quadrangle - shaped primitive is forwarded to a quad - based rasterization process . otherwise , the first triangle - shaped primitive is forwarded to the rasterization process . the second triangle - shaped primitive may also be forwarded to the rasterization process separate from the first , or it may be used to form a quadrangle in combination with another triangle primitive connected to it . a graphics subsystem could effectively double its throughput of connected triangle primitives by going from three vertices and three edges per primitive to four vertices and four edges per primitive . | 6 |
the invention relates to a pneumatic spring system which comprises a pneumatic spring cap and pneumatic cushioning bellows , a pneumatic spring piston with a lateral rolling surface and a base surface that is designed such that a multi - chamber system protrudes into the interior of the pneumatic spring piston . the aim of the invention is to provide a pneumatic spring piston that can be subjected to eccentric loads at a reduced weight and without a holding plate . the multi - chamber system and the fastening system are mounted in such a position that there is maximally one mirror plane perpendicular to the base surface of the pneumatic spring piston , in relation to the piston center axis , and that an eccentric rest surface of the pneumatic spring piston directly contacts the spring carrier . | 5 |
We consider an inflationary scenario where the rate of inflaton roll defined by ̈ϕ/H ϕ̇ remains constant. The rate of roll is small for slow-roll inflation, while a generic rate of roll leads to the interesting case of 'constant-roll' inflation. We find a general exact solution for the inflaton potential required for such inflaton behaviour. In this model, due to non-slow evolution of background, the would-be decaying mode of linear scalar (curvature) perturbations may not be neglected. It can even grow for some values of the model parameter, while the other mode always remains constant. However, this always occurs for unstable solutions which are not attractors for the given potential. The most interesting particular cases of constant-roll inflation remaining viable with the most recent observational data are quadratic hilltop inflation (with cutoff) and natural inflation (with an additional negative cosmological constant). In these cases even-order slow-roll parameters approach non-negligible constants while the odd ones are asymptotically vanishing in the quasi-de Sitter regime. | 9 |
an apparatus for providing sector location pulses to a controller of a rotating disk data storage device having a counter clocked in proportion to the disk rotation rate and an accumulator for accumulating times to sectors on the disk . a comparator connected to the counter and the accumulator enables an accumulator clock for repetitive clocking of the accumulator at such times the contents of the accumulator do not exceed the contents of the counter . a sector location pulse generator connected to the comparator generates the controller pulses , when enabled , concurrently with the accumulator clock signals . a master reset generator resets the first counter and the accumulator each time an index location on the disk passes a transducer head used to read and write data to and from the disk and a partial reset generator resets the accumulator each time the transducer head is moved between tracks on the disk . the sector location pulse generator includes a flip - flop that is set following a partial reset signal to prevent sector location pulses from being generated following partial reset until the accumulator has accumulated the count in the counter . an apparatus for determining a sector location in a disk . a location circuit is configured to determine an angular location of a transducer head according to a selected index location on the disk . a memory is used to store a first value that corresponds to a selected angular distance along a selected track on the disk . an accumulator is configured to add the first value to the value of the content of the accumulator in response to an accumulator clock signal . a comparator is coupled to the location circuit and the accumulator to compare data related to the angular location and the content of the accumulator to generate a result . a generator is coupled to the comparator to provide a sector location signal in response to the result . | 6 |
the present invention is a flare illuminant composition , useful in hand - held signals , which composition is environmentally friendly and economical , containing a commercially available , aromatic , high energy , amine - based organic compound , 5 - aminotetrazole , in place of the conventional and toxic kclo 4 , or , for the known alternative to kclo 4 , expensive , strontium bis - monohydrate . | 2 |
there is disclosed a process for preparing novel tacking agents for glass fiber insulation . the tacking agent solution is prepared by adding a condensed phosphate to an aqueous solution of aluminum orthophosphate to provide a homogeneous solution having an al : p molar ratio of less than 1 , preferably 1 : 3 and wherein the amount of condensed phosphate comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of the total phosphate in the solution . the tacking agent is applied to glass fiber in the preparation of insulating articles and then heated to convert the tacking agent into a non - hygroscopic , water insoluble , amorphous , condensed aluminum phosphate polymer . the tacking agent resiliently tacks the glass fibers together so as to provide regain of shape after deformation of the fibers as by compression . | 2 |
We present new observations of Lyman-α (Lyα) Blob 1 (LAB1) in the SSA22 protocluster region (z = 3.09) using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager and Keck Multi-object Spectrometer for Infrared Exploration. We have created a narrow-band Lyα image and identified several prominent features. By comparing the spatial distributions and intensities of Lyα and Hβ, we find that recombination of photo-ionized H I gas followed by resonant scattering is sufficient to explain all the observed Lyα/Hβ ratios. We further decode the spatially resolved Lyα profiles using both moment maps and radiative transfer modelling. By fitting a set of multiphase, 'clumpy' models to the observed Lyα profiles, we manage to reasonably constrain many parameters, namely the H I number density in the interclump medium (ICM), the cloud volume filling factor, the random velocity and outflow velocity of the clumps, the H I outflow velocity of the ICM, and the local systemic redshift. Our model has successfully reproduced the diverse Lyα morphologies, and the main results are: (1) the observed Lyα spectra require relatively few clumps per line of sight as they have significant fluxes at the line centre; (2) the velocity dispersion of the clumps yields a significant broadening of the spectra as observed; (3) the clump bulk outflow can also cause additional broadening if the H I in the ICM is optically thick; (4) and the H I in the ICM is responsible for the absorption feature close to the Lyα line centre. | 9 |
an antenna steering mount includes two basic building blocks which are joined together to form any of the known steering - axis combinations . each block includes a cylinder cut at an angle to form a cylindrical wedge . the wedges are joined together by bearings at their interface , and motors are used to counter rotate the two wedges relative to each other . one end of the complete assembly is attached to a mounting platform , and the other end includes mounting features for attaching an antenna dish thereto . various two - and three - axis steering configurations are disclosed including combinations of azimuth , elevation , cross - elevation , and cross - level steering . | 7 |
a wafer bonding method includes placing a top wafer on a top bonding framework including a plurality of outlet holes around a periphery of the top bonding framework . a bottom wafer is placed on a bottom bonding framework that includes a plurality of inlet holes around a periphery of the bottom bonding framework . the top bonding framework is in overlapping relation to the bottom bonding framework such that a gap exist between the top wafer and the bottom wafer . a gas stream is circulated through the gap between the top wafer and the bottom wafer entering the gap through one or more of the plurality of inlet holes and exiting the gap through one or more of the plurality of outlet holes . the gas stream replaces any existing ambient moisture from the gap between the top wafer and the bottom wafer . | 7 |
the invention features a perforating gun , with an external auger , which can be mounted to a tubing string . the auger facilitates removal of the gun after the sand is placed in the perforations . the perforating gun with external auger promotes the clean - up of the debris from the perforations after the gun is shot and facilitates the movement of the gun out of the sand . the sand can be spotted near the perforations without exposure to the formation of any kill fluids . the perforating gun with external auger need not be moved prior to admission of sand into the perforations . the assembly can be used so that preferred fluids , such as stimulating fluids , can be used to circulate the sand until the sand has been spotted adjacent the formation , whereupon the stimulating fluid is squeezed into the formation , leaving the sand in the perforations . the amount of fluid displaced into the formation is minimized and the selection of fluid helps to stimulate the subsequent flow during production . | 4 |
a reflector employs materials and design features that can transfer both light and sound emission simultaneously , from sources to planes or volumes , in an efficient and controlled manner . compound orthogonal parabolic reflectors employ an extension onto conventional orthogonal parabolic reflectors to efficiently deliver light and / or sound to a focal volume or surface . the extension shapes the output , and can provide inflow and outflow to the focal region , along with a brush . pulsed sources may be employed , which may emit light , sound or both light and sound , may erode and may be wire initiated with the wire replaced after each pulse by a wire feed . | 1 |
First release of scripts for analysis of chicken heart RNAseq datasets from the manuscript: Spatiotemporal single-cell RNA sequencing of developing chicken hearts identifies interplay between cellular differentiation and morphogenesis | 9 |
a pump for an inkjet printer applying a negative pressure to an inkjet head nozzle , includes : a tube connected to the inkjet head nozzle and being u - shaped ; a plurality of rollers which contact an inner arch of the tube and having a tapered shape ; and a rotor to which the plurality of rollers are rotatably mounted . when the rotor rotates in a direction , at least one of the plurality of rollers rotate and squeeze the tube . when the rotor stops rotating , the plurality of rollers return to a state in which the plurality of rollers do not squeeze the tube due to a recovering force of the tube . the squeezing of the tube generates the negative pressure in the inkjet head nozzle . | 1 |
a mobile node includes a processor , a network interface , and a storage device having computer program code for execution by the processor . the computer program code includes a network layer for transmitting and receiving packets and an intermediate driver that transmits packets to the network layer and receives packets from the network layer using a virtual interne protocol address to identify the mobile node . the intermediate driver transmits packets to the network interface and receives packets from the network interface using a routable actual ip address to identify the mobile node . the intermediate driver permits the actual ip address to change when the mobile node moves from a first subnet to a second subnet without a corresponding change in the virtual ip address . a corresponding nat associates the virtual ip address with a second actual ip address when the nat is notified that the mobile node is in the second subnet . | 7 |
a method is aimed at controlling a steer - by - wire steering system of a vehicle having at least one steering axle having at least two steer wheels electronically controlled by a control member . in the case of asymmetric adhesion conditions , the method anticipates steering into the skid for the first steer wheel that is on the surface exhibiting the higher coefficient of adhesion — for example asphalt — so as to counter a moment applied to the z - axis . at the same time , the second steer wheel which is on the surface having the lower coefficient of adhesion — for example a sheet of black ice — remains in the vehicle direction of travel or is oriented towards the second steer wheel in a snow plough mode . the vehicle stability is vastly improved when the vehicle regains an area of uniform adhesion . | 1 |
We explore how dynamical friction in an ultralight dark matter (ULDM) background is affected by dark matter self-interactions. We calculate the force of dynamical friction on a point mass moving through a uniform ULDM background with self-interactions, finding that the force of dynamical friction vanishes for sufficiently strong repulsive self-interactions. Using the pseudospectral solver UltraDark.jl, we show with simulations that reasonable values of the ULDM self-interaction strength and particle mass cause O (1 ) differences in the acceleration of an object like a supermassive black hole (SMBH) traveling near the center of a soliton, relative to the case with no self-interactions. For example, repulsive self-interactions with λ =10<SUP>-90</SUP> yield a deceleration due to dynamical friction ≈70 % smaller than a model with no self-interactions. We discuss the observational implications of our results for SMBHs near soliton centers and for massive satellite galaxies falling into ultralight axion halos and show that outcomes are dependent on whether a self-interaction is present or not. | 9 |
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