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serum - free media for growth and proliferation of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in culture are provided . a serum - free medium for growth of chondrocytes includes a serum - free composition comprising fgf - 2 , linoleic acid , ascorbic acid , b - mercaptoethanol , transferrin and dexamethasone . further , the composition comprises egf , pdgfbb , insulin and albumin . a method for growing chondrocytes in a serum free medium comprising the compostion is also provided . also provided for mesenchymal stem cell growth , is a serum - free medium which includes a composition comprising fgf - 2 , lif , scf , pantotenate , biotin and selenium and method , therefore . | 2 |
Release for zenodo DOI. | 9 |
Observations of the solar atmosphere show that internal gravity waves are generated by overshooting convection, but are suppressed at locations of magnetic flux, which is thought to be the result of mode conversion into magnetoacoustic waves. Here, we present a study of the acoustic-gravity wave spectrum emerging from a realistic, self-consistent simulation of solar (magneto)convection. A magnetic field free, hydrodynamic simulation and a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with an initial, vertical, homogeneous field of 50 G flux density were carried out and compared with each other to highlight the effect of magnetic fields on the internal gravity wave propagation in the Sun’s atmosphere. We find that the internal gravity waves are absent or partially reflected back into the lower layers in the presence of magnetic fields and argue that the suppression is due to the coupling of internal gravity waves to slow magnetoacoustic waves still within the high-β region of the upper photosphere. The conversion to Alfvén waves is highly unlikely in our model because there is no strongly inclined magnetic field present. We argue that the suppression of internal waves observed within magnetic flux concentrations may also be due to nonlinear breaking of internal waves due to vortex flows that are ubiquitously present in the upper photosphere and the chromosphere. | 9 |
In a previously presented proof-of-principle study, we established a parameterized spherically symmetric explosion method (PUSH) that can reproduce many features of core-collapse supernovae. The present paper goes beyond a specific application that is able to reproduce observational properties of SN 1987A and performs a systematic study of an extensive set of nonrotating, solar metallicity stellar progenitor models in the mass range from 10.8 to 120 M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. This includes the transition from neutron stars to black holes as the final result of the collapse of massive stars, and the relation of the latter to supernovae, possibly faint supernovae, and failed supernovae. We discuss the explosion properties of all models and predict remnant mass distributions within this approach. The present paper provides the basis for extended nucleosynthesis predictions in a forthcoming paper to be employed in galactic evolution models. | 9 |
a method of effecting a nucleophilic substitution of an alcohol to produce a target product includes the steps of : reacting the alcohol and a nucleophile with an azodicarboxylate and a phosphine . at least one of the azodicarboxylate and the phosphine includes at least one fluorous tag . in several embodiments , the azodicarboxylate includes at least one fluorous tag , and the phosphine includes at least one fluorous tag . a compound has the formula : in the above formula n1 , n2 , n3 , n4 , n5 , n6 , n7 , n8 , n9 and n10 are independently 1 or 0 . x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 , x 7 , x 8 , x 9 , x 10 , x 11 , x 12 , x 13 , x 14 , x 15 , x 16 , x 17 , x 18 , x 19 and x 20 are independently h , f , cl , an alkyl group , an aryl group or an alkoxy group . r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , r 12 , r 13 , r 14 , r 15 and r 16 are independently h , f , cl , an alkyl group , an alkoxy group , a thioalkyl group , a dialkylamino group , a nitro group , a cyano group , a perfluoroalkyl group , a hydrofluoroalkyl group , a fluorinated ether group , a fluorinated amine group , o — rf 1 , s — rf 2 , or — n , wherein r 22 is an alkyl group or rf 4 , and wherein rf 1 , rf 2 , rf 3 and rf 4 are independently a fluorous group selected from the group of a perfluoroalkyl group , a hydrofluoroalkyl group , a fluorinated ether group or a fluorinated amine group . at least one of r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , r 12 , r 13 , r 14 , r 15 or r 16 is o — rf 1 , s — rf 2 , — n , a perfluoroalkyl group , a hydrofluoroalkyl group , a fluorinated ether group or a fluorinated amine group . | 2 |
the invention is concerned with a new process for the preparation of compounds of formula ## str1 ## wherein r 1 is trityl , acetyl , tetrahydropyranyl or cyclopentyl ; r 2 is hydrogen , hydroxy , lower alkyl , cycloalkyl , lower alkoxy , lower alkenyl , lower alkynyl , aryl , aryloxy , aryl - lower alkyl , aryl - lower alkoxy or heterocyclyl or heterocyclyl - lower alkyl ; the lower alkyl , cycloalkyl , lower alkoxy , lower alkenyl , cycloalkenyl , lower alkynyl , aryl - lower alkyl , aryl , aryloxy , aryl - lower alkoxy , the heterocyclyl moieties being unsubstituted or substituted with at least one group selected from carboxy , amino , nitro , cyano , lower alkyl , lower alkoxy , hydroxy , halogen , -- conr 21 r 22 , -- ncoor 23 , r 22 co --, r 22 oco -- or r 22 coo --, wherein r 21 is hydrogen , lower alkyl , or cycloalkyl ; r 22 is hydrogen or lower alkyl ; r 23 is lower alkyl , lower alkenyl or a carboxylic acid protecting group ; y is -- s -- and z is -- ch 2 -- or y is -- ch 2 -- and z is -- o --, by acylation of a compound of formula ## str2 ## with an activated carboxylic acid derivative of formula ## str3 ## wherein r 3 is lower alkyl , and r 1 , r 2 , x , y , z have the significance given above ; and it is further concerned with compounds of formula iii . | 2 |
This repository documents the tools used to estimate division rates for the assemblage of eukaryotic picophytoplankton at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory. This work is further described in our manuscript, "Dynamics and functional diversity of the smallest phytoplankton on the Northeast U.S. Shelf" (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918439117). | 9 |
a method for programming a plurality of memory cells of a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device comprises the steps of : dividing the plurality of memory cells into m number of groups ; successively selecting each of the m number of groups ; generating m number of successive overlapping pulse signals ; and programming the memory cells of the m number of groups in response to the respective m number of successive overlapping pulse signals . | 6 |
a bonding system for a tank battery containing a flammable or combustible product being stored or conveyed , including a bonding conductor , an electrically conductive base member mounted on the tank , the electrically - conductive base member electrically connected to the bonding conductor and to ground installed within each tank and also including a flexible conductive medium with an upper end and a lower end and a plurality of fine electrically - conductive metal wires each having a proximal end and a terminal end , the proximal ends of which are intertwined with the flexible conductive medium to be in electrical connection with the electrical conductive medium , the upper end of the flexible conductive medium electrically connected with the electrically conductive base member and a plurality of static drains located proximate to the highest points of the tank battery and electrically bonded to said bonding conductor . | 7 |
a process and apparatus for the winding of a thread onto a reel . a thread is guided by a thread guide fastened to a cord . the cord is driven by a drive part , which , under the action of a transfer roller engaging in a slot , executes a harmonic oscillation . a transfer roller is attached to a disc - shaped bearing part , driven by means of a driving wheel , and can , for changing the amplitude of the harmonic oscillation , be displaced in the radial direction by utilizing an electric motor . for the purpose of approximating the thread guide movement to a triangular oscillation , a heart - shaped compensating disc , likewise driven by the driving wheel , sets a carriage in oscillating movement synchronous to the harmonic oscillation , so that , due to displaceable pairs of rollers , which are mounted on the carriage and via which the cord is led , as also via fixed rollers lying between successive displaceable rollers , in each case the path of the cord is lengthened on one side of the traversing interval and correspondingly shortened on the other side . | 1 |
Transmission spectroscopy is enabling precise measurements of atmospheric H<SUB>2</SUB>O abundances for numerous giant exoplanets. For hot Jupiters, relating H<SUB>2</SUB>O abundances to metallicities provides a powerful probe of their formation conditions. However, metallicity measurements for Neptune-mass exoplanets are only now becoming viable. Exo-Neptunes are expected to possess super-solar metallicities from accretion of H<SUB>2</SUB>O-rich and solid-rich planetesimals. However, initial investigations into the exo-Neptune HAT-P-26b suggested a significantly lower metallicity than predicted by the core-accretion theory of planetary formation and Solar system expectations from Uranus and Neptune. Here, we report an extensive atmospheric retrieval analysis of HAT-P-26b, combining all available observations, to reveal its composition, temperature structure, and cloud properties. Our analysis reveals an atmosphere containing 1.5^{+2.1}_{-0.9}{{ per cent}} H<SUB>2</SUB>O, an O/H of 18.1^{+25.9}_{-11.3} × solar, and C/O < 0.33 (to 2σ). This updated metallicity, the most precise exo-Neptune metallicity reported to date, suggests a formation history with significant planetesimal accretion, albeit below that of Uranus and Neptune. We additionally report evidence for metal hydrides at 4.1σ confidence. Potential candidates are identified as TiH (3.6σ), CrH (2.1σ), or ScH (1.8σ). Maintaining gas-phase metal hydrides at the derived temperature (563^{+58}_{-54} K) necessitates strong disequilibrium processes or external replenishment. Finally, we simulate the James Webb Space Telescope Guaranteed Time Observations for HAT-P-26b. Assuming a composition consistent with current observations, we predict JWST can detect H<SUB>2</SUB>O (at 29σ), CH<SUB>4</SUB> (6.2σ), CO<SUB>2</SUB> (13σ), and CO (3.7σ), thereby improving metallicity and C/O precision to 0.2 dex and 0.35 dex, respectively. Furthermore, NIRISS observations could detect several metal hydrides at >5σ confidence. | 9 |
an igfet device includes : — a semiconductor body having a major surface , — a source region of first conductivity type abutting the surface , — a drain region of the first conductivity - type abutting the surface and spaced from the source region with a channel therefrom , — an active gate overlying the channel and insulated from the channel by a first dielectric material forming the gate oxide of the igfet device , — a dummy gate positioned between the active gate and the drain and insulated from the active gate by a second dielectric material so that a capacitance is formed between the active gate and the dummy gate , and insulated from the drain region by the gate oxide , wherein the active gate and the dummy gate are forming the electrodes of the capacitance substantially perpendicular to the surface . | 7 |
an image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image under a control condition and including developing device ; a toner cartridge configured to supply toner to the developing device ; a measuring device configured to acquire measurement data ; a first memory which is provided for the toner cartridge and includes a data reference destination for obtaining the control condition and a correction value of the control condition for standard data or a plurality of control data corresponding to the measurement data ; a second memory configured to store the measurement data , the standard data , one of the correction value and the control data , and the obtained control condition ; and a processing mechanism configured to read the standard data and the correction value , or the measurement data and the control data and to obtain the control condition . | 6 |
an improved compact apparatus for gas - liquid contact and separation by precipitation of solids therein , which essentially comprises a splash separating section , a solid - gas - liquid contact section and a solid depositing section formed in a single reaction vessel , in which gas is blown into the vessel through a gas disperser having a gas outlet opened below the liquid surface in said solid - gas - liquid contact section and caused to undergo contact with the phase of a suspension forcibly circulated from said solid depositing section formed below said solid - gas - liquid contact section , whereby the precipitated solids are prevented from depositing the inner surface of the vessel and other attendant members . | 1 |
the present disclosure relates to a chemical vapor deposition system including a chemical vapor deposition chamber having a wafer position at which a wafer can be placed during chemical wafer deposition processing , and a source of reactive gases for providing reactive gases to the chemical vapor deposition chamber . this system also includes a coherent radiation source for directing a beam of coherent radiation toward the wafer position , and a shield positioned between the coherent radiation source and the wafer position . this shield is adapted to distribute energy from the beam of coherent radiation across the wafer when the wafer is located at the wafer position . | 2 |
a system and method for failure recovery for a node in an iptv network makes use of the ability of an ims gateway , an open iptv terminal function , and an iptv control server to provide each other with information about a session to be recovered in a manner which allows the control session state to be reconstructed without impacting the user &# 39 ; s viewing experience . | 7 |
a method of announcing a description of a media session , for example a multimedia conference , that is to take place over multicast capable links is provided in networks configured for internet protocol operation . a modular method of announcing media sessions includes : generating a first base module having a first data structure having user oriented data relevant to the media session ; generating at least one media module having a second data structure with media oriented data necessary for a user to receive a respective media stream of the media session ; providing a link between the first base module and the at least one media module ; and , announcing the media session by making at least the first base module available to potential recipients of the media session . | 7 |
a biodegradable copolymer with a core block comprising bioresorbable hydrophobic polyester segment and from 3 to 10 shell blocks comprising hydrophilic polyethylene glycol segment . the hydrophobic polyester segment and each of the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol segments are linked by a urethane linkage . a polymeric micelle composition containing the copolymer is also provided . the copolymer forms micelles when the concentration of the copolymer in a dispersing medium reaches or exceeds the critical micelle concentration . the micelles possess good drug and bioactive agent delivery characteristics and are suitable for use in drug delivery or cosmetic applications . | 0 |
Ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs) possess the most extreme environments among various types of exoplanets, making them ideal laboratories to study the chemical composition and kinetics properties of exoplanet atmosphere with high-resolution spectroscopy. It has the advantage of resolving the tiny Doppler shift and weak signal from exoplanet atmosphere and has helped to detect dozens of heavy elements in UHJs including KELT-9b, WASP-76b, and WASP-121b. MASCARA-4b is a 2.8 days UHJ with an equilibrium temperature of ~2250 K, which is expected to contain heavy elements detectable with the Very Large Telescope (VLT). In this letter, we present a survey of atoms/ions in the atmosphere of the MASCARA-4b, using the two VLT/ESPRESSO transits data. Cross-correlation analyses are performed on the obtained transmission spectra at each exposure with the template spectra generated by petitRADTRANS for atoms/ions from element Li to U. We confirm the previous detection of Mg, Ca, Cr, and Fe, and report the detection of Rb, Sm, Ti+, and Ba+ with peak signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) > 5. We report a tentative detection of Sc+, with peak S/Ns ~ 6 but deviating from the estimated position. The most interesting discovery is the first-time detection of elements Rb and Sm in an exoplanet. Rb is an alkaline element like Na and K, while Sm is the first lanthanide series element and is by far the heaviest one detected in exoplanets. Detailed modeling and acquiring more data are required to yield abundance ratios of the heavy elements and to understand better the common presence of them in UHJ's atmospheres. | 9 |
an environmentally protected electrical socket and plug assembly retains environmental security throughout repeated connections and disconnections . the socket and plug assembly includes a socket 100 containing an electrical conductor 85 and adapted to insertably receive a plug 90 , an environmental sealant 140 at least partially filling the socket so that the sealant is at least partially displaced from the socket when the plug is inserted into the socket , and an elastomeric containment means 40 having an inset dimple 50 for being outwardly deflected to contain displaced sealant when the plug is inserted into the socket and to urge the sealant back into the socket when the plug is removed . | 8 |
the present invention relates to substituted cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone derivatives and substituted cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone derivatives , which are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical products and agricultural chemicals and especially useful for the synthesis of prostaglandins , and also to a process for producing the same . | 2 |
an electromagnetic sensing apparatus comprising an electromagnetic transmitter , at least one receiver device , at least one calibration device , a switch and a processing means . the electromagnetic transmitter generates a transmitter signal . the receiver device is spaced from the transmitter , senses a receiver local electromagnetic field proximate thereto and generating a receiver signal . the calibration device senses a calibration local electromagnetic field proximate thereto , generates a calibration signal . the calibration device is positioned such that the distance between the transmitter and the receiver device is greater than the distance between the transmitter and the calibration device . the switch is connected between the receiver device and the calibration device . the processing means includes a first input for receiving a signal from one of the receiver signal and the calibration signal and a second input for receiving a signal from the switch . the processing means compares the first input and the second input and monitors distortions in the transmitter signal . the sensing apparatus may include a plurality of receiver devices in a variety of different configurations . | 6 |
an air mass sensor has a three - part configuration formed of an insertion element , a measuring channel element and a housing element for accommodating an evaluation device . in order to be able to provide flexible insertion elements for a device having a short overall height , the measuring channel element and the housing element are joined to one another along a side of the measuring channel element that is perpendicular to the main direction . | 6 |
a method and system for replicating a file system organized as a data structure from a source server to a target server . the replication process preserves the order of the inode table entries from the source file system to in the target file system at all stages of the replication process , as well as the internal consistency of the replica of the data structure on the target server . this replication eliminates use and employment of a map as the order of the inode index is preserved during the replication process . | 6 |
the present invention provides a method for making a high temperature coating comprising applying to a surface a precursor polymer which decomposes to a substantially pure product selected from the group consisting of a refractory metal carbide and a refractory metal boride , and exposing the precursor polymer to conditions effective to decompose the precursor polymer to said substantially pure product . | 2 |
a garment or dress having detachable pockets on each side of the front of the garment . the pockets can be used in their normal fashion for retaining objects placed therein by the wearer or can be detached from the garment to be used as hand puppets by the wearer . | 0 |
a storage compartment in a vehicle is covered by closing a vehicle door over the storage compartment . the storage compartment may be disposed in an end cap , the door , or part of the door frame . an electronic locking system with mechanical latches , a cinching door system , or an electronic latching system with fully electronic latches may be adapted to include a lock override control . the lock override control may be actuated by a graphic view interface , a portable radio frequency switch , or a telematics controller . | 8 |
disclosed is an optical switch enabling to be advantageous in cost , performance , size , weight , and fabricating process as well as carry out a switching function with a low driving voltage . the present invention includes a substrate , an input optical fiber over the substrate for incidence of an optical signal , at least one output optical fiber over the substrate for projection of the optical signal , and a micro - prism over the substrate for switching a projection path of the optical signal incident on the input optical fiber . | 6 |
a method for predicting market information for a plurality of pharmaceutical outlets includes the steps of receiving first data representing purchases and sales of at least one pharmaceutical product from at least one pharmaceutical outlet over a time period in the past , calculating the amount of prescriptions that are not reported in a timely manner at a product - level , computing a product - level projection factor for the at least one pharmaceutical product and using the product - level projection factor to estimate the unreported amount of prescriptions . | 6 |
Context. Water is a very abundant molecule in star-forming regions. Its deuterium fractionation provides an important tool for understanding its formation and evolution during the star and planet formation processes. While the HDO/H<SUB>2</SUB>O abundance ratio has been determined toward several young Class 0 protostars and comets, the number of studies toward Class I protostars is limited. <BR /> Aims: Our aim is to study the water deuteration toward the Class I protostellar binary L1551 IRS5 and to investigate the effect of evolutionary stage and environment on variations in the water D/H ratio. <BR /> Methods: Observations were carried out toward L1551 IRS5 using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer. The HDO 3<SUB>1, 2</SUB>-2<SUB>2, 1</SUB> transition at 225.9 GHz and the H<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>18</SUP>O 3<SUB>1, 3</SUB>-2<SUB>2, 0</SUB> transition at 203.4 GHz were covered with a spatial resolution of 0.5″× 0.8″, while the HDO 4<SUB>2, 2</SUB>-4<SUB>2, 3</SUB> transition at 143.7 GHz was observed with a resolution of 2.0″ × 2.5″. We constrained the water D/H ratio using both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE models. <BR /> Results: The three transitions are detected. The line profiles display two peaks, one at ∼6 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> and one at ∼9 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>. We derive an HDO/H<SUB>2</SUB>O ratio of (2.1 ± 0.8) × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> for the redshifted component and a lower limit of > 0.3 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> for the blueshifted component. This lower limit is due to the blending of the blueshifted H<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>18</SUP>O component with redshifted CH<SUB>3</SUB>OCH<SUB>3</SUB> emission. <BR /> Conclusions: The HDO/H<SUB>2</SUB>O ratio in L1551 IRS5 is similar to the values in Class 0 isolated sources and in the disk of the Class I protostar V883 Ori, while it is significantly higher than in the previously studied clustered Class 0 sources and the comets. This result suggests that the chemistry of protostars that belong to molecular clouds with relatively low source densities, such as L1551, share more similarities with the isolated sources than the protostars of very dense clusters. If the HDO/H<SUB>2</SUB>O ratios in Class 0 protostars with few sources around are comparable to those found to date in isolated Class 0 objects, it would mean that there is little water reprocessing from the Class 0 to Class I protostellar stage. <P />This work is based on observations carried out under project numbers W18AO and S16AE with the IRAM NOEMA Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain). | 9 |
a counterbalanced loading device including a compensated main piston cylinder and piston rod operating through a load transfer assembly to apply a desired load to a pressure foot . the weight of the main piston and its associated load transfer assembly is counterbalanced by a separate counterforce piston , commonly driven with the main drive piston through a pneumatic circuit . | 6 |
Results for the Dark Machines Unsupervised Learning Challenge | 9 |
a superconducting annular electromagnet for mri purposes includes an annular winding within which a generally cylindrical space is provided . the winding includes at least one pair of annular coils , each having an outer cylindrical surface which is suitably formed to define a feature which facilitates fixing . | 8 |
an optical coherence tomography system and method with integrated pressure measurement . in one embodiment the system includes an interferometer including : a wavelength swept laser ; a source arm in communication with the wavelength swept laser ; a reference arm in communication with a reference reflector ; a first photodetector having a signal output ; a detector arm in communication with the first photodetector , a probe interface ; a sample arm in communication with a first optical connector of the probe interface ; an acquisition and display system comprising : an a / d converter having a signal input in communication with the first photodetector signal output and a signal output ; a processor system in communication with the a / d converter signal output ; and a display in communication with the processor system ; and a probe comprising a pressure sensor and configured for connection to the first optical connector of the probe interface , wherein the pressure transducer comprises an optical pressure transducer . | 0 |
a data mirroring method makes it possible to change the data mirroring mode among three kinds of data mirroring modes with the three kinds of modes according to the degree of burdens on the hosts and the respective controllers . a first information processing apparatus has a first host and a first disk system for sending and receiving data to and from the first host . a second information processing apparatus has a second host and a second disk system which connects the first disk system and the second disk system to each other and makes the data common to the first disk system and the second disk system . the disk mirroring method selects one of the three data mirroring modes including a synchronous mode , a semi - synchronous mode and an adaptive copy mode being different in data processing speed form one another according to the quantity of operations of the first host . | 6 |
a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor with a lightly doped silicon substrate includes an oppositely doped well and oppositely doped source region and oppositely doped drain region with respect to the lightly doped substrate , the improvement comprising at least one counter doped region formed along the surface of the oppositely doped well between the source and drain regions . the substrate comprises a p - substrate , the well comprises an n - well and the counter doped region is doped p ; the counterdoped region comprises an island among a plurality of islands between the source region and the drain region . the counterdoped region comprises an island among a plurality of islands between the source region and the drain region . | 7 |
the invention provides signal processing algorithms and apparatus for detecting bradykinesia , tremor , or other symptoms of neurological dysfunction in subjects , using three - dimensional sensors to tract finger and hand position . the invention provides cartesian genetic programming networks and particular function blocks for such networks to enable identification of subjects exhibiting such symptoms . | 6 |
a system and method are provided for handling errors that arise in communications between process agents on behalf of business objects . the system and method deal with the discovery and reconciliation of business - logic - level errors and conflicts . the system and method may operate at two levels : they may detect errors and conflicts from within a process agent based on the messages it receives or has access to , or they may detect the errors and conflicts from another object based on collection of inter - process agent messages . errors and conflicts may be automatically reconciled . this may occur when the system or method determines potential causes of the error and the potential impact of each cause . this allows for automated error or conflict handling in many cases where the cause is trivial or where the cause and solution are definitely discernable . | 6 |
a seamless knitted glove with a cuff having an ambidextrous and universal size made from crimped and textured stretchable continuous filament nylon yarn of four ply of about 70 deniers or less . also , a method of making a seamless knitted glove with a cuff having an ambidextrous and universal size comprising the steps of knitting an eight and a half inch to nine inch glove using crimped and textured stretchable continuous filament nylon yarn of four ply of about 70 deniers or less with a 13 gage knitting machine , heat shrinking the glove to less than seven inches , and heat stretching the glove to about seven inches . | 0 |
in a thin - film field effect transistor with a mis structure , the materials of which the semiconductor and insulating layers are made are polymers which are dissolvable in organic solvents and have a weight average molecular weight of more than 2 , 000 to 1 , 000 , 000 . use of polymers for both the semiconductor layer and insulating layer of tft eliminates such treatments as patterning and etching using photoresists in the prior art circuit - forming technology , reduces the probability of tft defects and achieves a reduction of tft manufacture cost . | 7 |
a powdered slush molding device has debris capturing devices in its reservoir . a resin material is passed back and forth through openings between the reservoir and the mold by rotating the apparatus back and forth until a film of desired thickness is formed on the mold . the capturing devices capture the debris formed during a molding process . unwanted debris are then removed from the capturing devices either while the capturing devices remain within the reservoir or by removing them and removing the debris outside the reservoir . | 1 |
a gas discharge apparatus with a cylindrical axis , comprising : at least one pair of electrodes ; a cylindrical outer tube , surrounding the axis ; a cylindrical inner tube surrounding the axis ; and a gas contained between said inner tube and said outer tube , of suitable composition and pressure to create a gas discharge current when sufficient voltage is applied to said electrodes , wherein no discharge is present inside the inner tube during operation . | 7 |
an electric wheel - drive for motor vehicles , particularly automobiles with internal combustion engine , which can be installed nondestructively - reversibly in place of the brakes , with brushless , polyphasic , electronically speed - controlled electric motors individually attached to the wheels . the electric motor is a homopolar multiple - airgap axial - field motor whose rotor replaces the wheeldrum and brake - disk , and whose stator replaces the brake - shoes , brake - pads , and brake splash - shield plate of at least two wheels of a pair , in a conventional automobile with internal combustion engine . an electronic control system is included for the control of the axial - field motor during propulsion and braking . this electric wheel - drive allows for a fast , uncomplicated , and inexpensive hybridization of the car without modifications of the wheels , or the axle , or of other parts of the car , thereby providing the car with second , independent , propulsion system . | 8 |
Recent observations have revealed a stunning diversity of extremely luminous supernovae, seemingly increasing in radiant energy without bound. We consider simple approximate limits for what existing models can provide for the peak luminosity and total radiated energy for non-relativistic, isotropic stellar explosions. The brightest possible supernova is a Type I explosion powered by a sub-millisecond magnetar with field strength B ∼ few × {10}<SUP>13</SUP> G. In extreme cases, such models might reach a peak luminosity of 2× {10}<SUP>46</SUP> {erg} {{{s}}}<SUP>-1</SUP> and radiate a total energy of up to 4× {10}<SUP>52</SUP> {erg}. Other less luminous models are also explored, including prompt hyper-energetic explosions in red supergiants, pulsational-pair instability supernovae, pair-instability supernovae, and colliding shells. Approximate analytic expressions and limits are given for each case. Excluding magnetars, the peak luminosity is near 3× {10}<SUP>44</SUP> {erg} {{{s}}}<SUP>-1</SUP> for the brightest models and the corresponding limit on total radiated energy is 3× {10}<SUP>51</SUP> {erg}. Barring new physics, supernovae with a light output over 3× {10}<SUP>51</SUP> erg must be rotationally powered, either during the explosion itself or after, the most obvious candidate being a rapidly rotating magnetar. A magnetar-based model for the recent transient event, ASASSN-15lh is presented that strains, but does not exceed the limits of what the model can provide. | 9 |
in an apparatus having a main control section and sub - control sections connected to the control section through communication lines for executing desired operations by means of mutual intercommunication with the control section through the communication lines , first and second tri - state buffers are provided between the communication lines and the main control section and between the communication lines and the sub - control section respectively . the tri - state buffers short the communications lines by respective test signals output from the main control sections . when the test signal is not retransmitted to the control section through the communication lines shorted by the second tri - state buffer , anomalous operation of the sub - control section is detected . when the test sinal is not retransmitted to the control section through the communication lines shorted by the first tri - state buffer , anomalous operation of the main control section is detected . | 6 |
a torque absorber for a lower limb prosthesis includes a retaining flange forming a portion of an assembly rotatably mounted in a hollow cylindrical member which may be adapted to receive a skeletal portion of a prosthesis . a resilient portion is bondingly formed about the hollow cylindrical member so that a plastomeric prosthetic socket or the like may be bondingly molded to the resilient portion and the retaining flange for cooperation therebetween to allow limited rotational motion of the prosthetic socket relative the hollow cylindrical member . | 0 |
a fixing apparatus includes a fixing device having a heating roller which rotates and a press roller which rotates in tight contact with the heating roller , and adopted to heat and press a medium with an unfixed image by passing the medium between the rollers , thereby fixing the unfixed image , a detection device which detects temperatures of the heating and heating rollers , and a control device which variably controls rotating states of the heating and press rollers based on the temperatures detected by the detection device . | 6 |
disclosed is a polyalkylene carbonate paint composition , which is a pre - coated metal paint composition capable of being applied in various fields for architectural uses , domestic uses , coating a can , or the like , in which high hardness is required . the composition may provide a pcm paint capable of having a low smoke density and significantly decreasing discharge of toxic gas and smoke caused by combustion at the time of fire as compared to the existing laminate steel sheet and high gloss film . in addition , disclosed is a high hardness paint composition capable of being usefully used in a pcm print steel sheet applied to electric home appliances due to an excellent adhesion property to a metal material and excellent durability . | 2 |
a target acquisition system for a mobile air defense system is capable of acquiring and engaging targets in rapid sequence while mounted on a moving vehicle . it incorporates a gyrostabilized turret drive system , an optical sight , a forward looking infrared scanner , an infared guided missile subsystem , an onboard computer , and system controls and displays . the turret drive will maintain a particular elevation and azimuth regardless of the motion of the vehicle on which the turret is mounted so that the target tracking system need not account for movement of the vehicle over the ground . the optical sight projects a set of reticles on a combining glass in front of the gunner , which shows the target on which the missile seeker is locked as well as the target at which the turret is pointed so that gunner can insure that the missile is locked on the correct target . critical systems status signals are also displayed on the sight reticle by use of symbology so the gunner can monitor the key systems without taking his eyes off the target . the missile system controls eight missiles , two being activated at any one time , and notifies the gunner by an audio tone that the missile is locked onto a target and is ready to fire . the missile firing sequence is automatically controlled by the control electronics and inserts super elevation and lead angle automatically , and selects and activates the next missile to be fired without delay . | 5 |
Characterizing the prevalence and properties of faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the early Universe is key for understanding the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and determining their role in cosmic reionization. We perform a spectroscopic search for broad Hα emitters at z ≈ 4–6 using deep JWST/NIRCam imaging and wide field slitless spectroscopy from the EIGER and FRESCO surveys. We identify 20 Hα lines at z = 4.2–5.5 that have broad components with line widths from ∼1200–3700 km s<SUP>‑1</SUP>, contributing ∼30%–90% of the total line flux. We interpret these broad components as being powered by accretion onto SMBHs with implied masses ∼10<SUP>7–8</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB>. In the UV luminosity range M <SUB>UV,AGN+host</SUB> = ‑21 to ‑18, we measure number densities of ≈10<SUP>‑5</SUP> cMpc<SUP>‑3</SUP>. This is an order of magnitude higher than expected from extrapolating quasar UV luminosity functions (LFs). Yet, such AGN are found in only <1% of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 5. The number density discrepancy is much lower when compared to the broad Hα LF. The SMBH mass function agrees with large cosmological simulations. In two objects, we detect complex Hα profiles that we tentatively interpret as caused by absorption signatures from dense gas fueling SMBH growth and outflows. We may be witnessing early AGN feedback that will clear dust-free pathways through which more massive blue quasars are seen. We uncover a strong correlation between reddening and the fraction of total galaxy luminosity arising from faint AGN. This implies that early SMBH growth is highly obscured and that faint AGN are only minor contributors to cosmic reionization. | 9 |
We present the selection, spectroscopic identification, and physical properties of extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) at 3 < z < 3.7, aiming at studying physical properties of an analog population of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at the epoch of reionization. The sample is selected based on the excess in the observed Ks broadband flux relative to the best-fit stellar continuum model flux. By applying a 0.3 mag excess as a primary criterion, we select 240 EELG candidates with intense emission lines and estimated an observed-frame equivalent width (EW) of ≳1000 Å over the UltraVISTA-DR2 ultra-deep stripe in the COSMOS field. We then carried out HK-band follow-up spectroscopy for 23 of the candidates with Subaru/MOIRCS, and we find that 19 and 2 of them are at z > 3 with intense [O III] emission and Hα emitters at z ≃ 2, respectively. These spectroscopically identified EELGs at z ≃ 3.3 show, on average, higher specific star formation rates (sSFRs) than the star-forming main sequence, low dust attenuation of E(B - V) ≲ 0.1 mag, and high [O III]/[O II]ratios of ≳3. We also find that our EELGs at z ≃ 3.3 have higher hydrogen-ionizing photon production efficiencies (ξ<SUB>ion</SUB>) than the canonical value (≃10<SUP>25.2</SUP> erg<SUP>-1</SUP> Hz), indicating that they are efficient in ionizing their surrounding interstellar medium. These physical properties suggest that they are low-metallicity galaxies with higher ionizing parameters and harder UV spectra than normal SFGs, which is similar to galaxies with Lyman continuum (LyC) leakage. Among our EELGs, those with the largest [O III]/[O II] and EW([O III]) values would be the most promising candidates to search for LyC leakage. * Based on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, with a proposal ID of S17A-049. | 9 |
fermentative or enzymatic production of 2 - keto - l - gulonic acid from 2 , 5 - diketo - d - gluconic acid using living or processed mutants , being defective in metabolizing 5 - keto - d - gluconic acid and incapable of producing 2 - keto - d - gluconic acid . the mutant is derived from 2 - keto - l - gluconic acid producing microorganisms of genus corynebacterium . the production is carried out in the presence of nitrates and / or hydrogen donors in a preliminarily sterilized fermentation broth in which a 2 , 5 - diketo - d - gluconic acid producing microorganism of genus gluconobacter or erwinia has been cultivated . | 8 |
support materials for printing electrically conductive structures by means of inkjet printing with inks which contain conductive particles lead to low resistances for the printed structures without thermal post - treatment when they contain a microporous layer with a mean pore size of less than 100 nm as an outer layer . | 8 |
a spray gun kit for dispensing coating material , for example paint , includes a common gun body and an assortment of nozzle attachment sets , each of which operates according to a unique atomization process suited for particular applications . the common gun body incorporates as many of the parts which otherwise would be repeated in each nozzle attachment . the arrangement reduces the overall cost , otherwise required , in providing an entirely assembled spray gun for each application and provides greater overall flexibility . | 1 |
curtain or window shade hardware having a breakaway tab handle for holding the hardware while it is being fastened to a window frame , door frame , wall or similar element of a building structure . the hardware may have integral prongs extending therefrom as fastening means and may have a hammer strike pad to provide a safe striking surface . | 5 |
there is disclosed a solid - state color imaging apparatus which comprises an imaging device composed of a solid - state charge - coupled device having a plurality of cells each of which has at least two potential wells and color filter having a combination of color filter elements which are positioned corresponding to the two potential wells in such a manner as to provide different spectral sensitivities to the two potential wells . | 7 |
a conjugated fatty acid glyceride , which is formed by converting conjugated fatty acids having conjugated double bond in the molecule into glycerol esters , to more effectively exert the inherent physiological effects of the conjugated fatty acids and control the bitterness or astringency of the conjugated fatty acids , thereby making the conjugated fatty acids suitable for oral intake . these conjugated glycerides have effects of improving lipid metabolism , treating obesity and treating hypertension . | 0 |
a hydraulic drive with regeneration circuit comprises a pump , a hydraulic actuator and a rotary flow divider which operates in conjunction with valve means to provide regeneration flow for the hydraulic drive . | 5 |
a business model for an information database and network , designed specifically for the analysis of the impact upon medical patients and supplement - herb consumers with respect to the consumption of different medications and pharmaceuticals , the consumption of different supplements and herbs , and the consumption of medications and supplements and herbs in order to produce a medication consumption schedule automatically . the medication schedule is formulated pursuant to information contained in published medication , supplement , herb , and herbal formulation monographs , which provide critical information about cautions , contraindications , description , dosage amount , frequency , interactions , separations , side - effects , and warnings . the business model is fully compatible with internet networks to provide real - time network connectivity and interaction between physicians , hospitals , pharmacies , health care professionals , and individual patients . | 6 |
In giant planet atmosphere modeling, the intrinsic temperature T <SUB>int</SUB> and radiative-convective boundary (RCB) are important lower boundary conditions. Often in one-dimensional radiative-convective models and in three-dimensional general circulation models it is assumed that T <SUB>int</SUB> is similar to that of Jupiter itself, around 100 K, which yields an RCB around 1 kbar for hot Jupiters. In this work, we show that the inflated radii, and hence high specific entropy interiors (8-11 k <SUB> b </SUB>/baryon), of hot Jupiters suggest much higher T <SUB>int</SUB>. Assuming the effect is primarily due to current heating (rather than delayed cooling), we derive an equilibrium relation between T <SUB>eq</SUB> and T <SUB>int</SUB>, showing that the latter can take values as high as 700 K. In response, the RCB moves upward in the atmosphere. Using one-dimensional radiative-convective atmosphere models, we find RCBs of only a few bars, rather than the kilobar typically supposed. This much shallower RCB has important implications for the atmospheric structure, vertical and horizontal circulation, interpretation of atmospheric spectra, and the effect of deep cold traps on cloud formation. | 9 |
a system and method for enhancing the integrity of an avionics system which uses a pair dissimilar general purpose microprocessors , each running a virtual machine , compiled for its respective processor , from a common original source file ; the virtual machines running on a subset of the instructions for each microprocessor and thereby avoiding conditions known or likely to result in defects ; the virtual machines running a single or identical avionics program and then voting the results of this simultaneous redundant execution to arrive at an enhanced assurance level ; providing written claims to the faa that an enhanced assurance level is achieved . | 6 |
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) was used in 2021 to image the carbon-rich evolved star R Lep in Bands 8-10 (397-908 GHz) with baselines up to 16 km. The goal was to validate the calibration, using band-to-band (B2B) phase referencing with a close phase calibrator J0504-1512, 1.°2 from R Lep in this case, and the imaging procedures required to obtain the maximum angular resolution achievable with ALMA. Images of the continuum emission and the hydrogen cyanide (HCN) maser line at 890.8 GHz, from the J = 10-9 transition between the (11<SUP>1</SUP>0) and (04<SUP>0</SUP>0) vibrationally excited states, achieved angular resolutions of 13, 6, and 5 mas in Bands 8-10, respectively. Self-calibration (self-cal) was used to produce ideal images to compare with the B2B phase referencing technique. The continuum emission was resolved in Bands 9 and 10, leaving too little flux for the self-cal of the longest baselines, so these comparisons are made at coarser resolution. Comparisons showed that B2B phase referencing provided phase corrections sufficient to recover 92%, 83%, and 77% of the ideal image continuum flux densities. The HCN maser was sufficiently compact to obtain self-cal solutions in Band 10 for all baselines (up to 16 km). In Band 10, B2B phase referencing as compared to the ideal images recovered 61% and 70% of the flux density for the HCN maser and continuum, respectively. | 9 |
a toilet seat ventilation system which includes a toilet bowl and a toilet seat pivotally secured to the toilet bowl . a ventilation device is interposed between the toilet bowl and the toilet seat with a built in vent . a tubing system connected to the vent is able to vent air directly into the outside or through a filter inside the room , avoiding any unpleasant odors remaining in the lavatory . | 4 |
a peak detecting threshold determining method is provided which determines a peak detecting threshold which is used by an fmcw radar in detecting a peak frequency component which appears as representing a target object in a frequency spectrum . a cw radar wave is transmitted to produce a cw noise spectrum . an offset is added to frequency components in a high - frequency region of the cw noise spectrum to define a first distribution as a value of the peak detecting threshold . this enables the value of the peak detecting threshold in the high - frequency region to be determined with high precision by reflecting a receiver noise containing a leakage noise . | 6 |
a lever type hoist the lower hook of which can be positionally adjusted with a continuous lowering of the load chain on the end side under the no - load condition . in a structure in which the load sheave becomes freely rotatable by moving the presser drive member to the operating wheel side to separate it from the pressure receiving member , the conical frictional member connectable with the presser drive member in the direction of rotation and the operating wheel connected by spline to the drive shaft in proximity to the conical frictional member are provided at opposed ends with connecting parts which are mutually connectable in the direction of rotation , those connecting parts being connected with each other at the time of free rotation of the load sheave , thus effectively preventing the rotational force transmitting member which transmits the operating force of the operating lever to the presser drive member from getting in contact with other component members to maintain a continuous and smooth free rotation of the load sheave . | 8 |
We use smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of cold, uniform density, self-gravitating filaments, to investigate their longitudinal collapse time-scales; these time-scales are important because they determine the time available for a filament to fragment into cores. A filament is initially characterized by its line-mass, μ<SUB>O</SUB>, its radius, R<SUB>O</SUB> (or equivalently its density ρ <SUB>O</SUB>= μ <SUB>O</SUB>/π R<SUB>O</SUB>^2), and its aspect ratio, A<SUB>O</SUB> (≡Z<SUB>O</SUB>/R<SUB>O</SUB>, where Z<SUB>O</SUB> is its half-length). The gas is only allowed to contract longitudinally, i.e. parallel to the symmetry axis of the filament (the z-axis). Pon et al. (2012) have considered the global dynamics of such filaments analytically. They conclude that short filaments (A<SUB>O</SUB> ≲ 5) collapse along the z-axis more-or-less homologously, on a time-scale t<SUB>HOM</SUB> ∼ 0.44 A<SUB>O</SUB> (Gρ<SUB>O</SUB>)<SUP>-1/2</SUP>; in contrast, longer filaments (A<SUB>O</SUB> ≳ 5) undergo end-dominated collapse, i.e. two dense clumps form at the ends of the filament and converge on the centre sweeping up mass as they go, on a time-scale t_{END} ∼ 0.98 A<SUB>O</SUB>^{1/2} (Gρ <SUB>O</SUB>)^{-1/2}. Our simulations do not corroborate these predictions. First, for all A<SUB>O</SUB> ≳ 2, the collapse time satisfies a single equation t_{COL}∼ (0.49+0.26A<SUB>O</SUB>)(Gρ <SUB>O</SUB>)^{-1/2}, which for large A<SUB>O</SUB> is much longer than the Pon et al. prediction. Secondly, for all A<SUB>O</SUB> ≳ 2, the collapse is end-dominated. Thirdly, before being swept up, the gas immediately ahead of an end-clump is actually accelerated outwards by the gravitational attraction of the approaching clump, resulting in a significant ram pressure. For high aspect ratio filaments, the end-clumps approach an asymptotic inward speed, due to the fact that they are doing work both accelerating and compressing the gas they sweep up. Pon et al. appear to have neglected the outward acceleration and its consequences. | 9 |
recyclable plastic film is efficiently collected for recycling at stores or other locations by compacting the plastic film as layers in plastic / cardboard bales . the plastic / cardboard bales can be formed using existing cardboard balers that stores typically already have for baling recyclable cardboard . in one embodiment , the plastic / cardboard bales are preferably formed with a bottom layer of cardboard , a middle layer of the recyclable plastic film , and a top layer of cardboard . the layered structure can be modified to omit one of the cardboard layers or to add additional plastic film and cardboard layers . | 1 |
a hand held , unitary assembly , data collection device for an off - line vending machine such as a parking meter , which is operable by smart integrated circuit chip cards . the vending machine has a chip card reader , and which stores data as to the sale of goods / services from the machine . the device has a first portion which mechanically and electrically fits the vending machine reader ; and a second portion with an opening to receive a pcmcia card . data is retrieved and transferred to the pcmcia card . the first and second portions are rigidly joined to one another forming a unitary assembly , and the second portion securely holds the pcmcia card , and is also a handle for gripping the device . | 6 |
a method for patterning an aluminum - containing layer . a tungsten - containing layer is provided over an aluminum - containing layer . the tungsten - containing layer is patterned to form an opening therein , so that the opening exposes an underlying portion of the aluminum - containing layer . the patterned tungsten - containing layer is exposed to an etch having a substantially higher etch rate of the aluminum - containing layer than of the tungsten - containing layer to remove the exposed portion of the aluminum - containing layer . | 7 |
Ground-based high-resolution and space-based low-resolution spectroscopy are the two main avenues through which transiting exoplanet atmospheres are studied. Both methods provide unique strengths and shortcomings, and combining the two can be a powerful probe into an exoplanet's atmosphere. Within a joint atmospheric retrieval framework, we combined JWST NIRSpec/G395H secondary eclipse spectra and Gemini South/IGRINS pre- and post-eclipse thermal emission observations of the hot Jupiter WASP-77A b. Our inferences from the IGRINS and NIRSpec data sets are consistent with each other, and combining the two allows us to measure the gas abundances of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO, as well as the vertical thermal structure, with higher precision than either data set provided individually. We confirm WASP-77A b's subsolar metallicity ([(C+O)/H] = ‑0.61 ${}_{-0.09}^{+0.10})$ and solar C/O ratio (C/O = 0.57 ${}_{-0.06}^{+0.06})$ . The two types of data are complementary, and our abundance inferences are mostly driven by the IGRINS data, while inference of the thermal structure is driven by the NIRSpec data. Our ability to draw inferences from the post-eclipse IGRINS data is highly sensitive to the number of singular values removed in the detrending process, potentially due to high and variable humidity. We also search for signatures for atmospheric dynamics in the IGRINS data and find that propagated ephemeris error can manifest as either an orbital eccentricity or a strong equatorial jet. Neither are detected when using more up-to-date ephemerides. However, we find moderate evidence of thermal inhomogeneity and measure a cooler nightside that presents itself in the later phases after secondary eclipse. | 9 |
the present invention generally relates to computer software , and more specifically , to a computerized utility for analysis of optimized program files . a method and apparatus for optimized program analysis is disclosed . | 6 |
a coordinates input apparatus for detecting coordinate values of an arbitrary point by indicating the arbitrary point on a vibration transmission plate by a vibration input pen for generating a vibration , comprises : a plurality of sensors , arranged at predetermined positions in the vibration transmission plate , for detecting the vibration generated by the indication by the vibration input pen , for converting the vibration into electric signals , and for outputting ; a measuring circuit to measure delay times from a time point when the arbitrary point has been indicated by the vibration input pen until time points when the electric signals are detected ; an obtaining circuit to obtain origin correction data from a plurality of points on the vibration transmission plate ; a memory to store the origin correction data ; and a processor for reading out the origin correction data from the memory , for correcting the coordinate values on the basis of the delay times measured by the measuring circuit and the origin correction data , and for calculating the coordinate values . the processor has a selector to select the origin correction data of the optimum point so as to execute the optimum coordinate value correction from the origin correction data obtained from the plurality of points and stored in the memory . | 8 |
Scripts freeze published with the paper | 9 |
one embodiment of the present invention is a method of simultaneously forming high - voltage and low - voltage devices on a single substrate , the method comprising : forming a thin oxide layer on the substrate , the thin oxide layer having a desired thickness for a gate oxide for the low - voltage device ; selectively forming a gate structure for the high - voltage device , the thin oxide is situated between the gate structure and the substrate ; and selectively thickening the thin oxide under the gate structure while keeping the thin oxide layer utilized for the low - voltage device at the desired thickness . | 8 |
the present invention provides an improved magnetic winding and method of calculating desired winding parameters for a winding in a magnetic component . the invention may be applied to general boundary conditions in a magnetic winding or component and considers relative phase displacement for sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal winding currents . ratios of magnetic surface field intensities at corresponding inner and outer boundaries of one or more winding layer are calculated , and considered with relative phase displacement to select magnetic winding configurations having desired or optimal power dissipation . in certain aspects , a normalized loss function f is utilized to determine a preferred construction among a plurality of iteratively generated selections . | 8 |
COMPLETE is a flagship mission concept that combines comprehensive magnetography with broadband spectroscopic imaging from multiple viewpoints around the Sun to enable tomographic reconstruction of 3D coronal magnetic fields and associated dynamic plasma properties that provide direct diagnostics of energy release. | 9 |
Simulated images of a black hole surrounded by optically thin emission typically display two main features: a central brightness depression and a narrow "photon ring" consisting of strongly lensed images superimposed over the direct emission. The photon ring closely tracks a theoretical curve on the image plane corresponding to light rays that asymptote to bound photon orbits. The size and shape of this critical curve are purely governed by the Kerr geometry; in contrast, the size, shape, and depth of the observed brightness depression depend on the details of the emission region. For instance, images of spherical accretion models display a distinctive dark region-the "black hole shadow"-that completely fills the photon ring. By contrast, in models of equatorial disks extending to the event horizon, the darkest region in the image is restricted to a much smaller area-an inner shadow-whose edge lies near the direct lensed image of the equatorial horizon. Using both general relativistic MHD simulations and semi-analytic models, we demonstrate that the photon ring and inner shadow may be simultaneously visible in submillimeter images of M87<SUP>*</SUP>, where magnetically arrested disk simulations predict that the emission arises in a thin region near the equatorial plane. We show that the relative size, shape, and centroid of the photon ring and inner shadow can be used to estimate the black hole mass and spin, breaking degeneracies in measurements of these quantities from the photon ring alone. Both features may be accessible to direct observation via high-dynamic-range images with a next-generation Event Horizon Telescope. | 9 |
We have developed a novel goal-oriented adaptive mesh refinement approach for finite-element methods to model plane wave electromagnetic (EM) fields in 3-D earth models based on the electric field differential equation. To handle complicated models of arbitrary conductivity, magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity involving curved boundaries and surface topography, we employ an unstructured grid approach. The electric field is approximated by linear curl-conforming shape functions which guarantee the divergence-free condition of the electric field within each tetrahedron and continuity of the tangential component of the electric field across the interior boundaries. Based on the non-zero residuals of the approximated electric field and the yet to be satisfied boundary conditions of continuity of both the normal component of the total current density and the tangential component of the magnetic field strength across the interior interfaces, three a-posterior error estimators are proposed as a means to drive the goal-oriented adaptive refinement procedure. The first a-posterior error estimator relies on a combination of the residual of the electric field, the discontinuity of the normal component of the total current density and the discontinuity of the tangential component of the magnetic field strength across the interior faces shared by tetrahedra. The second a-posterior error estimator is expressed in terms of the discontinuity of the normal component of the total current density (conduction plus displacement current). The discontinuity of the tangential component of the magnetic field forms the third a-posterior error estimator. <P />Analytical solutions for magnetotelluric (MT) and radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) fields impinging on a homogeneous half-space model are used to test the performances of the newly developed goal-oriented algorithms using the above three a-posterior error estimators. A trapezoidal topographical model, using normally incident EM waves at both MT and RMT frequencies, is adopted to further test the convergence of the newly developed algorithms against a surface integral approach. Next, the 3D-1 benchmark model from the COMMEMI project is used to show the efficiency of the goal-oriented adaptive algorithm and to compare our solutions against volume integral solutions and other finite-element solutions. For all three test cases, we found that the error estimator using face jumps of normal components of current density embedded in the goal-oriented adaptive refinement procedure shows the most robust performance. | 9 |
This release contains Gaia archival data retrieval methods, sample light curve and time series analysis notebooks, implementations of the SETI Ellipsoid and Seto techniques with Gaia DR3 variable stars, and a novel SETI time domain analysis that looks for changes in a star's light curve. | 9 |
a method for forming metallization in a workpiece includes electrochemically depositing a second metallization layer on the workpiece comprising a nonmetallic substrate having a dielectric layer disposed over a substrate and a continuous first metallization layer disposed on the dielectric layer and having at least one microfeature comprising a recessed structure , wherein the first metallization layer at least partially fills a feature on the workpiece , where the first metallization layer is a cobalt or nickel metal layer , and wherein the second metallization layer is a cobalt or nickel metal layer that is different from the metal of the first metallization layer , electrochemically depositing a copper cap layer after filling the feature , and annealing the workpiece to diffuse the metal of the second metallization layer into the metal of the first metallization layer . | 7 |
disclosed is a technique for compensating for an abnormal output of a resolver . more specifically , a central processing unit sets a current motor position angle before compensation θ n , org as a current motor position angle θ n and obtains a motor position change δθ n between a current sampling and a previous sampling and a motor position change δθ n - 1 between the previous sampling and a more previous sampling . subsequently , a variable a is calculated based on the above angles . the cpu determines whether to perform the compensation by comparing the calculated variable a and a calibration variable k and calculates a current motor position angle for compensation θ n . finally , the cpu compensates for the absence of motor rotor position information with the calculated current motor position angle for compensation θ n . | 6 |
a method for transitioning vehicle control includes obtaining a one or more operator vehicle control inputs , analyzing the one or more operator vehicle control inputs to determine operator compliance with one or more autonomous vehicle control inputs that are actively controlling motion of a vehicle , and based on the analysis of the one or more operator vehicle control inputs , allowing an operator to assume manual control of the vehicle when the operator vehicle control inputs match the one or more autonomous vehicle control inputs to within a threshold value . | 6 |
Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are a common phenomenon in galaxy centres and are found in a vast majority of galaxies of intermediate stellar mass $\approx 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Recent investigations suggest that they are rarely found in the least and most massive galaxies and that the nucleation fraction increases in dense environments. It is unclear whether this trend holds true for field galaxies due to the limited data currently available. Here we present our results on the nucleation fraction for 601 galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim {12}{\, \mathrm{Mpc}}$). Covering more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass, this is the largest sample of galaxies analysed in a low-density environment. Within the Local Volume sample we find a strong dependence of the nucleation fraction on galaxy stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. We also find that for galaxies with $M_{\star } \lt 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, early-type galaxies have a higher nucleation fraction than late-types. The nucleation fraction in the Local Volume correlates independently with stellar mass, Hubble type, and local environmental density. We compare our data to those in galaxy cluster environments (Coma, Fornax, and Virgo) by compiling previous results and calculating stellar masses in a homogeneous way. We find significantly lower nucleation fractions (up to 40 per cent) in galaxies with $M_{\star } \lesssim 10^{9.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, in agreement with previous work. Our results reinforce the connection between globular clusters and NSCs, but it remains unclear if it can explain the observed trends with Hubble type and local environment. We speculate that correlation between the nucleation fraction and cluster environment weakens for the densest clusters like Coma and Virgo. | 9 |
an oven includes a housing including a heating chamber . a door has an open position for allowing operator access to the heating chamber and a closed position for preventing user access to the heating chamber . a heating system heats a food product located within the heating chamber . a wireless temperature sensor is configured to be inserted into the food product by an operator for measuring food product temperature and to provide a wireless signal indicative of food product temperature . an oven control system includes a sensor communicator for receiving the temperature indicative signal from the wireless temperature sensor . the oven control system operates in response to the wireless signal . | 6 |
a system for the modification of the rigidity and damping properties of structural joints comprises at least an intermediate structure to receive , on both sides , two structures to be coupled ; releasable blocking means to immobilize , in a coupled condition , said two structures to be coupled and said intermediate structure ; first and second sets of bistable components , the structural resistance features of the components of the first set being different from those of the second set ; the components of the first set being internally connected to one of said structures to be coupled and to said intermediate structure ; the components of the second set being internally connected to one and other of said structures to be coupled ; said bistable components being in an unstable condition when all the mentioned structures are coupled together . the invention is applicable to the field of space vehicles . | 8 |
a retro - reflector which comprises two spherical mirrors , namely a concave main mirror and a convex secondary mirror , which are coaxial to one another and whose respective radii are in the ratio 2 : 1 , the secondary mirror facing and being spaced from the main mirror by a distance at the most equal to its radius . means are provided for forming a circular pupil centered on the center of curvature of the main mirror and a regulatable diaphragm positioned in front of the secondary mirror . an optoelectrical shutter can be positioned in the pupil to modulate the reflected beam and provide the optical responder function . | 6 |
the machine tool comprises a vertical support with a guide arranged thereon for vertical movement of a workpiece carrier holding a workpiece along an x - axis . two headstocks are each movable along horizontal guides in the y - direction . the guides form a frame , with its window closed by a louver provided with passage openings for the headstocks . this arrangement creates a laterally closed machining chamber which comprises vertical walls and does not present any obstacles to falling chippings . since the chippings need not be washed off , spray cooling may be used for minimum - quantity lubrication . in this manner , the liquid acting on the chippings is reduced . | 8 |
an improved enteral formula containing ribo - nucleotide equivalents at a level of at least 10 mg / 100 kcal of formula . more specifically , an infant formula containing at least 10 milligrams of nucleotide equivalents per 100 kcal of formula where the nucleotide equivalents consist of rna ; mono -, di -, and triphosphate esters of adenosine , cytidine , guanosine , and uridine , and the d - ribose adducts thereof ; and wherein the weight ratio of said cytidine nucleotide equivalents to said uridine nucleotide equivalents is 1 . 5 : 1 to 2 . 6 : 1 ; of said cytidine nucleotide equivalent to said adenosine nucleotide equivalents is 2 : 1 to 3 . 9 : 1 ; and of said cytidine nucleotide equivalents to said guanosine nucleotide equivalents is 1 . 75 : 1 to 2 . 8 : 1 , is disclosed . the formula comprises carbohydrates , lipids , proteins , vitamins and minerals and four ribo - nucleotide equivalents at specific levels and ratios . this invention also provides a dietary formula that enhances the immune system and alleviates diarrhea . | 0 |
We explore the relationships between size, stellar mass, and average stellar population age (indicated by D <SUB> n </SUB>4000 indices) for a sample of ∼11,000 intermediate-redshift galaxies from the SHELS spectroscopic survey (Geller et al. 2014) augmented by high-resolution Subaru Telescope Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging. In the redshift interval 0.1 < z < 0.6, star-forming galaxies are on average larger than their quiescent counterparts. The mass-complete sample of ∼3500 {M}<SUB>* </SUB>> {10}<SUP>10</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> quiescent galaxies shows that the average size of a {10}<SUP>11</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> quiescent galaxy increases by ≲25% from z ∼ 0.6 to z ∼ 0.1. This growth rate is a function of stellar mass: the most massive ({M}<SUB>* </SUB>> {10}<SUP>11</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>) galaxies grow significantly more slowly in size than quiescent systems an order of magnitude less massive that grow by 70% in the 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.3 redshift interval. For {M}<SUB>* </SUB>< {10}<SUP>11</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> galaxies, age and size are anticorrelated at fixed mass; more massive quiescent systems show no significant trend in size with average stellar population age. The evolution in absolute and fractional abundances of quiescent systems at intermediate redshift are also a function of galaxy stellar mass. The suite of evolutionary trends suggests that galaxies more massive than ∼ {10}<SUP>11</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB> have mostly assembled their mass by z ∼ 0.6. Quiescent galaxies with lower stellar masses show more complex evolution that is characterized by a combination of individual quiescent galaxy size growth (through mergers) and an increase in the size of newly quenched galaxies joining the population at later times (progenitor bias). The low-mass population ({M}<SUB>* </SUB>∼ {10}<SUP>10</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>) grows predominantly as a result of progenitor bias. For more massive ({M}<SUB>* </SUB>∼ 5× {10}<SUP>10</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>) quiescent galaxies, (predominantly minor) mergers and progenitor bias make more comparable contributions to the size growth. At intermediate redshift, quiescent size growth is mass-dependent; the most massive ({M}<SUB>* </SUB>> {10}<SUP>11</SUP> {M}<SUB>⊙ </SUB>) galaxies experience the least rapid increase in size from z ∼ 0.6 to z ∼ 0.1. | 9 |
the present invention is concerned with a copying apparatus of the type which is provided with a reciprocal scanner , and in which copy operation is carried out not only during the forward movement of the scanner but also during the backward movement of the scanner . the copying apparatus herein disclosed has a movable reflector which is interposed in the optical path at the time of forward movement or at the time of backward movement , and stationary reflector for further reflecting the beam coming from the original once reflected by said movable reflector . said movable and stationary reflector cooperate with each other to invert the original image to be formed on a photosensitive medium at the time of backward movement or forward movement relative to the original image formed at the time of forward movement or backward movement . | 6 |
a connector for an integrated circuit to secure the ic during testing . the connector includes a unique latching system which includes an actuator and a hook which are pivotally connected in an over - center movement fashion to significantly increase the clamping force from the force applied to latch the actuator or a connected latch plate . | 7 |
<BR /> Aims: We aim at determining the spatial distribution of the gas and dust in star-forming regions and address their relative abundances in quantitative terms. We also examine the dust opacity exponent β for spatial and/or temporal variations. <BR /> Methods: Using mapping observations of the very dense ρ Oph A core, we examined standard 1D and non-standard 3D methods to analyse data of far-infrared and submillimetre (submm) continuum radiation. The resulting dust surface density distribution can be compared to that of the gas. The latter was derived from the analysis of accompanying molecular line emission, observed with Herschel from space and with APEX from the ground. As a gas tracer we used N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUP>+</SUP>, which is believed to be much less sensitive to freeze-out than CO and its isotopologues. Radiative transfer modelling of the N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUP>+</SUP> (J = 3-2) and (J = 6-5) lines with their hyperfine structure explicitly taken into account provides solutions for the spatial distribution of the column density N(H<SUB>2</SUB>), hence the surface density distribution of the gas. <BR /> Results: The gas-to-dust mass ratio is varying across the map, with very low values in the central regions around the core SM 1. The global average, = 88, is not far from the canonical value of 100, however. In ρ Oph A, the exponent β of the power-law description for the dust opacity exhibits a clear dependence on time, with high values of 2 for the envelope-dominated emission in starless Class -1 sources to low values close to 0 for the disk-dominated emission in Class III objects. β assumes intermediate values for evolutionary classes in between. <BR /> Conclusions: Since β is primarily controlled by grain size, grain growth mostly occurs in circumstellar disks. The spatial segregation of gas and dust, seen in projection toward the core centre, probably implies that, like C<SUP>18</SUP>O, also N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUP>+</SUP> is frozen onto the grains. <P />Based on observations with APEX, which is a 12 m diameter submillimetre telescope at 5100 m altitude on Llano Chajnantor in Chile. The telescope is operated by Onsala Space Observatory, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), and European Southern Observatory (ESO).And also based on observations with Herschel which is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.FITS files containing the data of Figs. 2, 11, 12, and 16-18 are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/578/A131">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/578/A131</A> | 9 |
an athletic shoe for field sports having a circular cleat formed on the sole in forward position substantially encompassing the ball - of - the - foot and toe portions of the sole , extending substantially across the width of the sole , and enclosing a surface coincident with the main surface of the sole . the shoe provides improved pivotability while also providing good traction , and can reduce the frequency of certain common leg injuries . | 0 |
a multiple device fixture , used in conjunction with a temperature forcing unit , provides flow and direction control of conditioned air from the temperature forcing unit to two or more integrated circuits during temperature testing or characterization . the multiple device fixture provides an efficient way to temperature test multiple electronic devices simultaneously over accurately controlled temperature ranges when an automated device handler is not available , does not exist for a specific package type or is too expensive . | 8 |
a solid - block homodyne doppler interferometer utilizing continuous - wave or pulse - wave light beam technology . a pulse - wave light beam version of the homodyne interferometer compares the pulse - wave return signal with a continuous - wave local oscillator signal , thereby permitting the interferometer to be utilized over a wide range of distances . | 6 |
an apparatus and method for forming ice cubes without a hot gas defrost cycle comprises a flexible sheet which is urged into and out of thermal contact with a refrigerated plate through openings in an insulative spacer defining the freezing sites where the ice cubes are built up to the desired thickness by lamination . | 5 |
a cooled turbine engine component is made by providing first and second pieces respectively having first and second surfaces . at least one circuit is formed in at least one of the first and second surfaces . a first plurality of apertures is provided in the first piece to form inlets to the at least one circuit . a second plurality of apertures is provided in the second piece to form outlets to the at least one circuit . a combination of the first and second pieces is assembled and integrated . | 8 |
Added support for OpenFOAM v7 and unofficial support for v1906. | 9 |
a filter bag with removable ring and handle suitable for use with high pressure filter housings includes a two - piece ring which is assembled together with a filter bag without the need for stitching or welding and includes a handle as an integral part of one of the rings to facilitate removal of the filter bag from a filter housing . a method of assembling a filter bag with a removable ring and handle for removal of the filter from a filter housing is disclosed . | 1 |
a heat transfer sheet having a dye layer including a dye and binder , provided on a substrate film , said dye layer contains a compound represented by the following formula : r ═. sub . 1 -- x --. sub . m -- ch . sub . 3 ]. sub . 2 wherein r is a phenylene group or a napthylene group or an alkylene group which may also have substituent ; x is a linking group such as -- nhcoo -- group , -- nhconh -- group , -- coo -- group , -- conh group , -- nhco group , -- nhso 2 -- group , -- ooc -- groups , -- oocnh group , -- o . o 2 s group --, -- so 2 nh -- group , -- so 2 . o group , -- o -- group , -- nh -- group , -- s -- group ; and 1 and m are integers of 1 to 30 . | 8 |
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