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exemplary embodiments determine a type , and a status of a first character included in a group of characters participating in a gaming session . exemplary embodiments determine a goal of the group of characters . exemplary embodiments determine an environment of the group of characters . exemplary embodiments determine a balance of a type of characters required to achieve the goal . exemplary embodiments determine if the first character is available for continued participation in the gaming session . exemplary embodiments respond to the determination that the first character is not available for continued participation in the gaming session , by identifying a first computer controlled character to replace the first character . exemplary embodiments determine replace the first character with the identified first computer controlled character . | 0 |
in a transmission service for connecting a frame relay network to an atm network , a congestion information setting system used in a connection apparatus capable of interfacing between the frame relay network and the atm network , is arranged by : a congestion information extracting unit extracting congestion information from data of one network of either the frame relay network and the atm network ; a mode setting unit combining the extracted congestion information with congestion information of an output side in accordance with a setting condition ; and a congestion information writing unit writing the combined congestion information into data of the other network of either the frame relay network and the atm network in response to a mode set by the mode setting unit . thus the congestion information can be transmitted between different networks . | 7 |
methods and apparatus for applying and adhering particulate thermoplastic materials to supporting substrates , such as medallions , appliques , patches , and like goods which comprise : placing the goods on a relatively stationary support at a loading station thereof ; lifting the goods from the relatively stationary support , moving them forwardly and replacing the goods on the relatively stationary support at a particulate thermoplastic materials applying station thereof ; applying particulate thermoplastic materials to the surface of the goods ; lifting the goods from the relatively stationary support , moving them forwardly and replacing the goods on the relatively stationary support at a heating and bonding station thereof ; heating the particulate thermoplastic materials and adheringly bonding them to the surface of the goods ; and disengaging or separating the goods with the adhered thermoplastic materials thereon from the relatively stationary support so that the goods are positioned forwardly beyond the heating and bonding station . | 1 |
a pressure sensitive touch pad and an overlay depicting a pattern , e . g ., a typewriter keyboard , for providing specific data characteristics of the pattern to a host computer and to a specific application program of any one of a number of application programs resident in the host computer , which specific application program includes software programmed to accept configured touch pad output signals from the touch pad corresponding to the pattern , which output signals are a function of originally generated touch signals achieved by actuation , normally by touch , of the pressure sensitive overlay surface at any particular point on the pattern , which pattern on the overlay on the touch pad corresponds to and is coordinated with a specific application program in the host computer including a multitude of application programs . | 6 |
an optomechanical system for illuminating and imaging selected portions of a three dimensional object having specularly reflective surfaces , including a two dimensional image sensor for receiving light reflected from the selected portions and producing an analog output signal representing a two dimensional image of the selected portions over a predetermined time period , a video digitizer for receiving and converting the analog output signal to a digital signal , and an image computer for receiving the digital signal output by the video digitizer , comparing the information obtained from the output digital signal to the stored specifications of a master of the imaged portion of the object , indicating whether the imaged object meets the specifications of the master , controlling the movement of the imaged object , and controlling the operation of the system . | 7 |
in a method for line - of - sight - independent data transmission in a car - to - car or a car - to - infrastructure communication system , electromagnetic radiation having encoded data is transmitted from a transmitter located in a first vehicle or in a traffic infrastructure object , and a reflector system is provided for at least partially reflecting the transmitted electromagnetic radiation , wherein the reflector system is arranged so that the transmitted electromagnetic radiation arrives at a receiver located in a second vehicle or in the traffic infrastructure object . the reflected electromagnetic radiation having the encoded data can then be received by the receiver even when line - of - sight communication between the vehicles is impossible . | 7 |
in a device for adjusting the clearance between a brake shoe and a brake drum of the type having the brake shoes biased against the ends of a strut , the length of the strut being adjustable by the threaded interaction of a nut and a bolt actuated by a star wheel , the star wheel being advanced to lengthen the strut by the parking brake mechanism , a detent for restraining the reverse rotating of the star wheel . in one embodiment , a resilient arm member , fixed to a portion of the strut , acts as a detent against the teeth of the star wheel . in another embodiment , a spring , biasing the brake shoes against the ends of the strut , has a portion engaging the teeth of the star wheel . | 5 |
the protection circuit of the present invention addresses the problem of indeterminate logic levels caused by loss of one of the power supplies in a two - power - supply cmos integrated circuit . the circuit of the present invention replaces the typical scheme of power supply sequencing to fix the problem . the circuit disclosed herein detects the state of the core voltage and disables the output drivers when the core voltage is detected as being off . the disabled drivers are put into a high impedance state , thereby eliminating the potential for damage and eliminating the need for power supply sequencing . the invention also protects against the sudden loss of the integrated circuit core voltage , vdd , power supply during normal operation . | 7 |
spoilage of heat - sterilized liquid food products is reduced by preparing the liquid food product , prior to sterilization , by mixing an enzymatically - modified phospholipid composition , particularly an enzymatically - modified phospholipid composition having a degree of conversion of greater than 90 %, with the liquid food product . liquid food products which may be so treated include , in particular , coffee , tea , or cocoa beverage - component solids which provide beverage products . additionally , an enzymatically hydrolyzed phospholipid composition having a degree of conversion greater than 90 % may be obtained by hydrolyzing phospholipids in an aqueous medium , wherein the amount of water is greater than one part per part phospholipids , under agitated conditions so that a degree of conversion greater than 90 % is obtained . | 0 |
a retrofit kit for a printing press adjustment hydraulic actuator . the hydraulic actuator is maintained to benefit from its mounting position and alignment , but the hydraulic fluid is removed . a hydraulic actuator shaft is attached to a mechanism that converts the rotary motion of an electric motor to linear motion . the electric motor provides faster and more accurate control of the hydraulic actuator shaft than the hydraulic fluid , providing for faster adjustment of the printing press . | 8 |
an improved bypass valve , suitable for the connection of terminal units in which a heat exchange occurs between the environment to be conditioned and a thermal - carrier fluid , in particular a liquid , with the lines of delivery or supply and return of the fluid , with these units typically defined by heat exchangers , fan coil units , batteries for air handling units of the ahu type in the field of hvac , including an h - shaped valve - body with two opposed and parallel tubular elements defining a delivery duct and a return duct joined one to the other and communicating via a transverse element defining a bypass duct , the valve - body integrating , in a monobloc structure , an on - off delivery valve , an on - off return valve and an on - off bypass valve , the latter provided with a linear shutter to enable / disable the circulation of a thermal - carrier fluid through the bypass duct . | 5 |
a digital television transmitter / receiver and a method of processing data in the dtv transmitter / receiver are disclosed . in the dtv transmitter , a pre - processor pre - processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction and expanding the fec - coded enhanced data . a data formatter generates enhanced data packets including the pre - processed enhanced data and inserts known data to at least one of the enhanced data packets . a first multiplexer multiplexes the enhanced data packets with main data packets including the main data . and , an rs encoder rs - codes the multiplexed main and enhanced data packets , the rs encoder adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding rs parity place holders to each enhanced data packet . herein , the rs encoder may insert non - systematic rs parity data or null data into the rs parity place holders included in each enhanced data packet . | 7 |
the present invention relates to correcting errors of multiple stream - based 3d images . the present invention comprises a 3d image synchronizing unit which synchronizes a first image and a second image consisting the 3d image ; a 3d image correcting unit which detects an error block in the first image , searches a corresponding block in the second image , and corrects the error block on the basis of the block information of said corresponding block ; and a compositing unit which composites the corrected first image and the second image to generate a 3d stereoscopic image . according to the present invention , bit errors occurring when transmitting multiple stream of 3d image can be corrected , providing better quality of 3d images . also , error correction can be easily performed by using the method of the present invention without complicated calculations . | 7 |
a process for the ammoniation of straw and other plant materials containing lignocellulose with a dry matter content of at least 60 %, utilizing anhydrous ammonia , preferably in liquid form . the plant material is covered by a gas impervious material and ammonia is added in excess of the amount needed for optimal irreversible nitrogen binding , preferably from 20 - 35 kg nh 3 / ton dry matter , without application of external heat and pressure . the ammonia impregnated material is left at ambient temperature for at least 10 days , whereafter it is vented and ready for use . the preferred use of the ammoniated straw is as an animal feed . | 0 |
Understanding the evolution of massive binary stars requires accurate estimates of their masses. This understanding is critically important because massive star evolution can potentially lead to gravitational-wave sources such as binary black holes or neutron stars. For Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars with optically thick stellar winds, their masses can only be determined with accurate inclination angle estimates from binary systems which have spectroscopic $M\sin i$ measurements. Orbitally phased polarization signals can encode the inclination angle of binary systems, where the WR winds act as scattering regions. We investigated four Wolf-Rayet + O star binary systems, WR 42, WR 79, WR 127, and WR 153, with publicly available phased polarization data to estimate their masses. To avoid the biases present in analytic models of polarization while retaining computational expediency, we used a Monte Carlo radiative-transfer model accurately emulated by a neural network. We used the emulated model to investigate the posterior distribution of the parameters of our four systems. Our mass estimates calculated from the estimated inclination angles put strong constraints on existing mass estimates for three of the systems, and disagree with the existing mass estimates for WR 153. We recommend a concerted effort to obtain polarization observations that can be used to estimate the masses of WR binary systems and increase our understanding of their evolutionary paths. | 9 |
featured for use with a hybrid air bag inflator containing inert stored gas under high pressure is a liquid fueled construction which combines the functions of an initiator , gas generator , and differential low pressure switch into a single device . instead of being filled with a mixture of combustible gases , the device is filled with a combination of gases and liquids . alternatively , it makes use of a hybrid squib in conjunction with different combinations of gases and liquids . a pyrotechnic material is used to ignite the mixture regardless of the combination of fuel and oxidant used in the device . a ceramic body is used to house the device . upon combustion of the mixture , the ceramic body ruptures violently , permitting efficient transfer of the explosive energy to the inert stored gas in the hybrid inflator . | 1 |
a dynamoelectric machine such as a generator has stator winding end turns which extend beyond the ends of a stator core of the apparatus . the end turns are cooled by conveying fluid coolant from back iron cooling grooves to fluid coolant exit ports through which the coolant is distributed onto the end turns . the cooling arrangement eliminates the need for separate spray rings or nozzles and is low in cost and easy to clean . | 7 |
a measuring device for measuring the intermediate circuit voltage of a gradient amplifier of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus has a measuring circuit with a potential - dividing connection to a voltage indicator , the measuring circuit being connected in series with a discharging resistor of the intermediate circuit capacitance , and being driven from the discharging current via the discharging resistor . | 6 |
a metal matrix composite material having uniformly dispersed intermetallic compounds and no micropores is manufactured by forming a porous preform including 60 % to 80 % by volume fine fragments essentially made of aluminum , 1 % to 10 % by volume fine fragments essentially made of nickel , copper or both , and 1 % to 10 % by volume fine fragments essentially made of titanium so that these fine fragments occupy in total 62 % to 95 % by volume of said preform , and at least a part of the preform is contacted with a melt of a matrix metal selected from aluminum , aluminum alloy , magnesium and magnesium alloy , so that the porous preform is infiltrated with the melt under no substantial application of pressure to the melt . | 1 |
the present invention relates to the discovery that melanoidins , and higher molecular weight fractions of products containing melanoidins , provide significant corrosive inhibition , which render these melanoidins suitable for use as anticorrosive agents in corrosive environments . in addition to being highly anticorrosive , the melanoidins of the present invention are environmentally friendly and non - toxic , and can be found in animal food and in human foodstuffs . | 2 |
a method and apparatus are provided for humidifying fuel , and optionally oxidant , supplied to a fuel cell system , which can be a single fuel cell or a multiplicity of fuel cells . a catalytic reactor is provided , which is supplied with a portion of the fuel and the oxidant . the fuel is supplied in excess of the oxidant to the catalytic reactor , so as to generate a stream of fuel which is both heated and humidified . for a closed system , a heated and humidified fuel flow , and optionally a heated and humidified oxidant flow , are mixed with additional flows of these gases supplied to the fuel cell . | 7 |
This upload contains the code used in the journal article "Convectively Transported Water Vapor Plumes in the Midlatitude Lower Stratosphere" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR) | 9 |
provided are turbine blades and a gas turbine capable of damping the vibrations caused by an excitation force and facilitating mounting / disassembly . included are a shroud portion disposed at an end portion of an airfoil portion ; a holder casing that can slide relative to the shroud portion , that can also be attached thereto / detached therefrom , and that forms a space with the shroud portion therebetween ; and an elastic portion that is disposed in the space , that biases the shroud portion in a direction that separates it from the holder casing , and is disposed in a movable manner relative to the shroud portion ; and a pressing portion that is disposed between the elastic portion and the holder casing and that can be moved toward and away from the shroud portion . | 5 |
an ice crushing apparatus for use in combination with an ice making machine which has an ice storage bin . the ice crusher includes a plurality of rotatable blades which are mounted on a motor - driven shaft and which pass , preferably in sequence , through slots in a grate , for crushing the ice in an ice crushing zone . a mechanism is provided for bypassing the ice crusher and dropping ice directly from the ice maker to the ice storage bin . a mechanism is also provided for moving the grate to change the size of crushed ice particles . in one embodiment , a device is provided for breaking apart large sheets or other chunks of ice before they reach the ice crushing zone . an electronic control system provides ice crusher operation only when ice is harvested in the ice making machine . | 8 |
a method for generating a design plan for a physical space includes providing a main computer having a database of design products and a remote computer in communication with the main computer , placing an object within a physical space , directing a camera toward the physical space , using the camera to capture a first digital image of the physical space at a first angle and a second digital image of the physical space at a second angle , with the object visible in both digital images . the captured digital images are transmitted to the main computer , photogrammetrically assimilated to produce a three - dimensional data set rendering of the physical space . the method includes using the three - dimensional data set rendering to create a design plan for the physical space , storing the design plan on the main computer , and using the remote computer for accessing the design plan from the main computer . | 6 |
Magnetospheric accretion models predict that matter from protoplanetary disks accretes onto stars via funnel flows, which follow stellar magnetic field lines and shock on the stellar surfaces<SUP>1-3</SUP>, leaving hot spots with density gradients<SUP>4-6</SUP>. Previous work has provided observational evidence of varying density in hot spots<SUP>7</SUP>, but these observations were not sensitive to the radial density distribution. Attempts have been made to measure this distribution using X-ray observations<SUP>8-10</SUP>; however, X-ray emission traces only a fraction of the hot spot<SUP>11,12</SUP> and also coronal emission<SUP>13,14</SUP>. Here we report periodic ultraviolet and optical light curves of the accreting star GM Aurigae, which have a time lag of about one day between their peaks. The periodicity arises because the source of the ultraviolet and optical emission moves into and out of view as it rotates along with the star. The time lag indicates a difference in the spatial distribution of ultraviolet and optical brightness over the stellar surface. Within the framework of a magnetospheric accretion model, this finding indicates the presence of a radial density gradient in a hot spot on the stellar surface, because regions of the hot spot with different densities have different temperatures and therefore emit radiation at different wavelengths. | 9 |
a combination of modular floor covering and border strip materials which operate in cooperative relation to greatly reduce or eliminate the necessity and expense of trimming waste material from the floor covering being installed . a system for installation of floor covering elements is also provided . | 0 |
method of evaluating the biodegradation , through the action of a bacterial population , of hydrocarbons trapped in a geologic structure . the mass of hydrocarbons present in said structure is determined without taking account of the biodegradation , from data relative to the physical and geometrical characteristics of the structure studied . then the mass of hydrocarbons consumed by biodegradation is calculated after evaluating the number of bacteria , their hydrocarbon consumption and the structure filling time . the mass percentage of oil disappeared through the bacterial action is deduced from these two masses . application : determination of the composition of oils in a reservoir and notably location of heavy oils . the method can notably be applied to the evaluation of the economic risk linked with the presence of biodegraded petroleum reservoirs . | 2 |
the present invention relates to phase - contrast imaging which visualizes the phase information of coherent radiation passing a scanned object . focused gratings are used which reduce the creation of trapezoid profile in a projection with a particular angle to the optical axis . a laser supported method is used in combination with a dedicating etching process for creating such focused grating structures . | 0 |
a method of removing a coated film from an edge surface of a substrate comprising the steps of forming an insulating film for protecting a circuit pattern of a substrate by pouring an insulating resin solution on a circuit - pattern formation surface of the substrate , rotating the substrate having the insulating film coated thereon , removing the insulating film by pouring a solvent on the edge surface of the substrate , while the substrate is being rotated , and accelerating dehydration of the insulating film by taking at least one action of spraying a gas to the edge surface of the substrate and performing a local evacuation of a region in the proximity of the edge surface of the substrate while the substrate is being rotated . | 1 |
a venous access device comprises a catheter portion extending longitudinally from a proximal end to a distal end , the flexible shaft defining a lumen therein in combination with a plurality of branches separated from one another and extending distally from the flexible shaft . | 0 |
a lightweight centrifugal friction clutch for transmitting torque from an input source to an output shaft , which includes a wheel secured for simultaneous rotation with the output shaft , a clutch band encircling the wheel and secured within a clutch housing rotationally driven by the input source , and a centrifugal mechanism and cam for tightening the clutch band about the wheel for frictional contact and simultaneous rotation therewith . the centrifugal mechanism includes one or more weights positionable on a centrifugal arm , an actuating arm which rotates a cam member , and an adjustment linkage between the two arms . the particular rotational speed at which the clutch engages may be altered by adjusting the tension against a biasing spring that operates against the centrifugal mechanism , by replacing the spring , or by altering the lever action of the centrifugal mechanism by varying the attachment points of the adjustment linkage between the two arms . the clutch housing is sealed by o - rings and filled with oil which dissipates heat to fins on the exterior of the clutch housing . a protective cover encloses the clutch mechanism . | 5 |
a device which measures individual employee usage of a liquid product or hand soap dispenser as part of an overall hygiene compliance program . the dispenser consists of a self - contained keypad / display module which is attached to a standard hand soap dispenser . an employee enters a unique personal id code and then activates the dispenser . the dispenser counts all inputs to the dispenser in order to generate meaningful data for management . alternatively , the dispenser may only track and report total usage and not account for individual employee usage . | 0 |
the present invention relates to a node for deployment on a peer to peer network . the node is programmed for monitoring the network to receive communication messages therefrom and to forward the communication messages , optionally changing the communications radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value . the node can forward messages from one network to another or from one network to the same network . the invention also provides a method for monitoring communication messages for selected objects by nodes on a peer to peer network . the method includes interposing the node on the network . the node has at least one stored object corresponding to a communication message object stored the node ; and monitors the network to detect communication messages matching at least one of the stored objects and decides whether or not to forward or change communication message radius parameters based on some defined programming or configuration . | 7 |
a method of making a probe having a cantilever and a tip include providing a substrate having a surface and forming a tip extending substantially orthogonally from the surface . the method includes depositing an etch stop layer on the substrate , whereby the etch stop layer protects the tip during process . a silicon nitride layer is then deposited on the etch stop layer . an etch operation is used to release the cantilever and expose the etch stop layer protecting the tip . preferably , the tip is silicon and the cantilever supporting the tip , preferably via the etch stop layer , is silicon nitride . a probe for a surface analysis instrument made according to the method includes a tip and a silicon nitride cantilever having a thickness defined during the deposition process . | 8 |
an underwater buoy for hanging a duct between a sea bed and the surface , the buoy including a frame and a plurality of modular members mounted in the frame , the modular members extending between their two opposite modular - member ends , the frame including a longitudinal body for receiving the extended tubular duct , and retainers mounted on the body for maintaining the modular members substantially parallel to the body . the retainers include two retaining structures spaced from each other along the body . the retaining structures are maintained in a fixed position relative to each other in order to hold at least one modular member . | 1 |
a instrument for performing synthesis of small molecules such as oligos and peptides when using solid phase synthesis techniques to synthesize small molecules . the system and methods include a mechanism for controlling the pressure differential across the reaction vessels that contain the solid support used in solid phase synthesis . reaction vessels are held in a holder that provides a sealable chamber at the outlet ends of the reaction vessels . the rotor containing the reaction vessels is placed within a sealable chamber . the sealable chamber is fitted with a means for engaging the rotor and draining the reaction vessels to waste . the sealable chamber is also fitted with a means for engaging the rotor to drain the reaction vessels at a slower , variable rate . | 1 |
the present invention provides a method for aqueous enzymatic extraction of soybean oil , which is in the field of extraction processing technology for plant oil . the method comprises treating crushed and peeled soybeans with an extrusion puffing process and a hydrolysis process with an alkaline proteinase , followed by a liquid nitrogen freezing and a high voltage electrostatic thawing process , and finally obtaining soybean oil by centrifugation . the benefits of the present invention includes short extraction time and high extraction yield . it saves up to 93 . 1 % of time in the freezing and thawing process alone . the total oil yield is up to 95 . 4 %. furthermore , the method of the invention produces high quality oil with a low peroxide value , a low p - anisidine value and a low totox value . | 2 |
a high volume virtual impactor for sampling atmospheric aerosols has a plurality of inlet nozzles and associated receiving tubes mounted in a common frame or housing having passageways which divide the airflow through the inlet nozzles into a major flow and a minor flow . the minor flow , or the smaller volume flow , passes through the respective receiving tube into a common chamber , while the major flow is caused to turn 180 ° between flow exit of the inlet nozzle and its associated receiving tubes and pass as through a small particle filter . the impactors are arranged in oppositely facing and aligned pairs . the exhaust ends of the receiving tubes in a part face each other , so that the flows from the receiving tubes will intermix in the center of a chamber , to prevent substantial particle impingement against the housing surfaces . the filters are located at the bottom of the housing to minimize losses . use of several parallel vertical impactor inlet nozzles and receiving tubes permits a high total flow rate while keeping the flow rate through any individual tube at a reasonable value and thus within good operating parameters . because the input nozzles and receiving tubes are mounted in a single frame , the mounting holes for them can be machined precisely to insure near perfect alignment and thus enhance operation . | 6 |
a 2 - bit non - volatile memory transistor having a pair of isolated floating gate electrodes is provided . one of the floating gate electrodes is located over a first source / drain region , and a first adjacent end of a channel region . the other floating gate electrode is located over a second source / drain region and a second adjacent end of the channel region . a control gate extends over both floating gate electrodes and a centrally located portion of the channel region . the floating gate electrodes are independently programmed and independently read , thereby enabling the nvm transistor to effectively store 2 - bits of data . | 7 |
We argue that the gravitational shock wave computation used to extract the scrambling rate in strongly coupled quantum theories with a holographic dual is directly related to probing the system's hydrodynamic sound modes. The information recovered from the shock wave can be reconstructed in terms of purely diffusionlike, linearized gravitational waves at the horizon of a single-sided black hole with specific regularity-enforced imaginary values of frequency and momentum. In two-derivative bulk theories, this horizon "diffusion" can be related to late-time momentum diffusion via a simple relation, which ceases to hold in higher-derivative theories. We then show that the same values of imaginary frequency and momentum follow from a dispersion relation of a hydrodynamic sound mode. The frequency, momentum, and group velocity give the holographic Lyapunov exponent and the butterfly velocity. Moreover, at this special point along the sound dispersion relation curve, the residue of the retarded longitudinal stress-energy tensor two-point function vanishes. This establishes a direct link between a hydrodynamic sound mode at an analytically continued, imaginary momentum and the holographic butterfly effect. Furthermore, our results imply that infinitely strongly coupled, large-N<SUB>c</SUB> holographic theories exhibit properties similar to classical dilute gases; there, late-time equilibration and early-time scrambling are also controlled by the same dynamics. | 9 |
The triggering mechanism for the most luminous, quasar-like active galactic nuclei (AGN) remains a source of debate, with some studies favouring triggering via galaxy mergers, but others finding little evidence to support this mechanism. Here, we present deep Isaac Newton Telescope/Wide Field Camera imaging observations of a complete sample of 48 optically selected type 2 quasars - the QSOFEED sample ($L_{\rm [O\, \small {III}]}\gt 10^{8.5}\, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$; z < 0.14). Based on visual inspection by eight classifiers, we find clear evidence that galaxy interactions are the dominant triggering mechanism for quasar activity in the local universe, with 65$^{+6}_{-7}$ per cent of the type 2 quasar hosts showing morphological features consistent with galaxy mergers or encounters, compared with only 22$^{+5}_{-4}$ per cent of a stellar-mass- and redshift-matched comparison sample of non-AGN galaxies - a 5σ difference. The type 2 quasar hosts are a factor of 3.0$^{+0.5}_{-0.8}$ more likely to be morphologically disturbed than their matched non-AGN counterparts, similar to our previous results for powerful 3CR radio AGN of comparable [O III] emission-line luminosity and redshift. In contrast to the idea that quasars are triggered at the peaks of galaxy mergers as the two nuclei coalesce, and only become visible post-coalescence, the majority of morphologically disturbed type 2 quasar sources in our sample are observed in the pre-coalescence phase (61$^{+8}_{-9}$ per cent). We argue that much of the apparent ambiguity that surrounds observational results in this field is a result of differences in the surface brightness depths of the observations, combined with the effects of cosmological surface brightness dimming. | 9 |
Context. The ages of young star clusters are fundamental clocks to constrain the formation and evolution of pre-main-sequence stars and their protoplanetary disks and exoplanets. However, dating methods for very young clusters often disagree, casting doubts on the accuracy of the derived ages. <BR /> Aims: We propose a new method to derive the kinematic age of star clusters based on the evaporation ages of their stars. <BR /> Methods: The method was validated and calibrated using hundreds of clusters identified in a supernova-driven simulation of the interstellar medium forming stars for approximately 40 Myr within a 250 pc region. <BR /> Results: We demonstrate that the clusters' evaporation-age uncertainty can be as small as about 10% for clusters with a large enough number of evaporated stars and small but with realistic observational errors. We have obtained evaporation ages for a pilot sample of ten clusters, finding a good agreement with their published isochronal ages. <BR /> Conclusions: The evaporation ages will provide important constraints for modeling the pre-main-sequence evolution of low-mass stars, as well as allow for the star formation and gas-evaporation history of young clusters to be investigated. These ages can be more accurate than isochronal ages for very young clusters, for which observations and models are more uncertain. <P />Full Table B.1 is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/683/A165">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/683/A165</A> | 9 |
a system and method for a lottery game . the game includes a plurality of puzzles , where each puzzle is a concatenation of characters including letters , wherein some characters are missing from each puzzle . a player selects a set of characters from a predefined set of characters and if the select set of characters includes a solution for at least one puzzle , the player may receive a prize . | 6 |
a method for testing a semiconductor device , is disclosed , which comprises detecting a defect in a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of chips on each of which a plurality of semiconductor elements are formed , to detect those of the chips which have a defect , and carrying out a fist electrical characteristics test to a first chip without defect , and a second electrical characteristics test which is more detailed than the first electrical characteristics test to a second chip having the defect . | 6 |
device for detaching a copy sheet from the photoconductive drum of an electrophotographic copying machine , wherein the drum has a radial protuberance to which the leading edge of the copy sheet is held by electrostatic attraction and wherein a pick off finger is fixedly mounted adjacent the periphery of the drum at such a distance from the periphery to engage the drum , during its rotation , only in correspondence with the protuberance , so as to detach the copy sheet from the drum . | 8 |
a program type automatic exposure controller produces a selection signal in each of the film sensitivity information regions in response to information for a film sensitivity in said each of regions and changes a program constant in the aperture controller by the selection signal so that an aperture control for opening and closing a shutter may be conducted by a photometry operation of light reflected by the film surface after an aperture operation is completed . | 6 |
methods and apparatus for regulating the function of a suspension system are disclosed herein . suspension characteristics often contribute to the efficiency of a suspended system . depending on the desired operating parameters of the suspended system , it may be desirable to alter the functional characteristics of the suspension from time to time in order to maintain or increase efficiency . the suspension hereof may be selectively locked into a substantially rigid configuration , and the damping fluid may be phase separated and / or cooled to increase damping rate during use . the suspension hereof may generate power usable to achieve any or all of the foregoing or to be stored for use elsewhere in the suspended system or beyond . | 5 |
a crop pick - up arrangement and height gauge arrangement is proposed in which , on the one hand , a skid shoe and on the other hand , a wheel are attached to a pivot arm assembly and can be pivoted about a horizontal transverse axis located between the skid shoe and the wheel . the skid shoe extends under the crop pick - up arrangement and therefore does not increase its width . crop pick - up arrangements and height gauge arrangements may be used on various kinds of agricultural machines for lifting crop into the machines for further processing or transport . | 0 |
The Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi (DCF) method is widely used to evaluate magnetic fields in star-forming regions. Yet it remains unclear how well DCF equations estimate the mean plane-of-the-sky field strength in a map region. To address this question, five DCF equations are applied to an idealized cloud map. Its polarization angles have a normal distribution with dispersion σ <SUB> θ </SUB>, and its density and velocity dispersion have negligible variation. Each DCF equation specifies a global field strength B <SUB>DCF</SUB> and a distribution of local DCF estimates. The "most-likely" DCF field strength B <SUB>ml</SUB> is the distribution mode, for which a correction factor β <SUB>ml</SUB> ≡ B <SUB>ml</SUB>/B <SUB>DCF</SUB> is calculated analytically. For each equation, β <SUB>ml</SUB> < 1, indicating that B <SUB>DCF</SUB> is a biased estimator of B <SUB>ml</SUB>. The values of β <SUB>ml</SUB> are β <SUB>ml</SUB> ≈ 0.7 when ${B}_{\mathrm{DCF}}\propto {\sigma }_{\theta }^{-1}$ due to turbulent excitation of Alfvénic MHD waves, and β <SUB>ml</SUB> ≈ 0.9 when ${B}_{\mathrm{DCF}}\propto {\sigma }_{\theta }^{-1/2}$ due to non-Alfvénic MHD waves. These statistical correction factors β <SUB>ml</SUB> have partial agreement with correction factors ${\beta }_{\mathrm{sim}}$ obtained from MHD simulations. The relative importance of the statistical correction is estimated by assuming that each simulation correction has both a statistical and a physical component. Then the standard, structure function, and original DCF equations appear most accurate because they require the least physical correction. Their relative physical correction factors are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 on a scale from 0 to 1. In contrast, the large-angle and parallel-δ B equations have physical correction factors 0.6 and 0.7. These results may be useful in selecting DCF equations, within model limitations. | 9 |
a system and method for detecting and tracking multiple objects on a touchpad or touchscreen , wherein the method provides a new data collection algorithm , wherein the method reduces a calculation burden on a processor performing detection and tracking algorithms , wherein multiple objects are treated as elements of a single object and not as separate objects , wherein the location of the objects are treated as end - points of a single object when two objects are detected , and treated as a perimeter or boundary when more than two objects are detected . | 6 |
a parallel processing system having a number of processing nodes each of which is provided with a message handling kernel and an associated procedure register , the procedure registers being loadable by loading means under the control of an application and the nodes being able to exchange messages over a message interface and to process messages to determine the message handling procedures to be invoked by the associated node in accordance with the contents of the associated procedure register . | 6 |
HuMPI is the python code for the Hurricane Maximum Potential Intensity model For Further details of HuMPI physics, see Pérez-Alarcón, A.; Fernández-Alvarez, J.C.; Díaz-Rodríguez, O; (2021). Hurricane Maximum Potential Intensity Model, Revista Cubana de Física, 38(2), 85-93, http://www.revistacubanadefisica.org/index.php/rcf/article/view/2021v38p085 | 9 |
a battery separator for use in flooded cell type lead acid batteries comprising a backweb of a porous , acid resistant , embossable material with a plurality of ribs extending from at least one planar surface of the backweb . the ribs are located across the width of the backweb and extend in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal dimension of the backweb . each rib is an embossed corrugated structure comprised of alternating ridges and furrows . the ridges and furrows are in non - parallel alignment to the longitudinal dimension of the separator , and preferably perpendicular thereto . the ribs are formed on a substantially flat battery separator backweb by passing the backweb through the nip formed by a pair of opposed embossing rollers . | 7 |
an insert is provided for insertion through an opening in the surface of a conduit , the insert comprising an insert body having find and second open ends defining an axis of ! low therebetween the insert further comprises a valve flap connected to the insert body . the valve clap is moveable between a closed position , in which it creates a closure , thereby preventing flow along said axis , and an open position in which the valve flap allows flow along the axis . the valve ( lap is arranged so that , when in the open position , it is substantially u - shaped in side cross - section and is oriented with respect to the insert body so that said u - shape articles over the axis of flow . | 5 |
a fatty acid - related polyunsaturated compound can be selectively purified using an industrially operable successive method under moderate conditions . a highly purified fatty acid - related polyunsaturated compound is obtained by a process comprising steps of forming a complex with silver on account of the high degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid - related polyunsaturated compound , isolating the complex from other fats on account of the hydrophilicity of the complex and then applying dissociating procedures to the complex to obtain the fatty acid - related polyunsaturated compound as a target substance on account of the hydrophobicity of the fatty acid - related polyunsaturated compound . as to the procedures for dissociation , addition of a dissociating agent and reduction of silver are disclosed . as to the dissociating agent , various compounds which produce insoluble composition with silver other then water are disclosed . furthermore , an apparatus appropriately used to carry out this method is also disclosed . | 2 |
a method for automatically rewinding the film in a camera having a battery - powered automatic film rewinder , including a motor , a microprocessor , a control circuit , a timer , a microswitch associated with a film frame counter and a microswitch associated with a sprocket . the method comprises the steps of : determining from the time being taken to advance a single frame of film , whether a first film winding abnormality is occurring ; determining whether the abnormality is caused by a deterioration in the power source for the automatic film winding mechanism ; determining from the time being taken to advance a single frame of film , whether a second film winding abnormality is occurring ; determining whether the second winding abnormality is occurring coincidentally with the film being in the vicinity of the last frame of film on the film roll ; and rewinding the film only upon determining that the second film winding abnormality is occurring coincidentally with the last frame of exposed film being in the vicinity of the last frame of film on the film roll . | 6 |
several embodiments of a wobble plate motor include a disc mounted on a bent shaft . driving the wobble plate so it revolves on a flat base causes the bent shaft to rotate and drive a generator or other work consumer . the wobble plate may be driven by a fluid stream impinging on the plate or by a blade assembly in a path of fluid movement . in one embodiment of a bladed motor , a shroud may direct the fluid stream so it more efficiently cooperates with the blade assembly . | 5 |
to effectively absorb a side impact in a motor vehicle , a transverse modular unit is provided in the vehicle . this unit includes a beam element and profile parts arranged on ends of the beam element . | 1 |
We present a new simulated galaxy cluster catalog based on the IllustrisTNG simulation. We use the Mulguisin (MGS) algorithm to identify galaxy overdensities. Our cluster identification differs from the previous FoF cluster identification in two aspects; 1) we identify cluster halos based on the galaxy subhalos instead of unobservable dark matter particles, and 2) we use the MGS algorithm that separates galaxy overdensities hosted by massive galaxies. Our approach provides a cluster catalog constructed similar to the observed cluster catalogs using spectroscopic surveys. The MGS cluster catalog lists 303 halos with M$_{200} > 10^{14}$ M$_{\odot}$, including $\sim 10\%$ more than the FoF. The MGS catalog includes more systems because we separate some independent massive MGS cluster halos that are bundled into a single FoF algorithm. These independent MGS halos are apparently distinguishable in galaxy spatial distribution and the phase-space diagram. Because we constructed a refined cluster catalog that identifies local galaxy overdensities, we evaluate the effect of MGS clusters on the evolution of galaxies better than using the FoF cluster catalog. The MGS halo identification also enables effective identifications of merging clusters by selecting systems with neighboring galaxy overdensities. We thus highlight that the MGS cluster catalog is a useful tool for studying clusters in cosmological simulations and for comparing with the observed cluster samples. | 9 |
an improved wristwatch calculator has all of the active circuit elements contained on three chips mounted on the same substrate member in the watch case . a watch chip and a calculator chip each have their outputs connected to a single interface chip consisting of cmos or i 2 l active elements which multiplex the watch and calculator chip outputs and select the appropriate display as a function of watch mode selection by pushbutton or inertia time demand switches or calculator mode selection by activation of the appropriate calculator keyboard switch on the watch face . the interface chip outputs are connected to six electro - optical display stations . | 6 |
the present invention allows a verification environment to be used to control and coordinate interaction with a design running on an accelerator or emulator without significant speed penalty . for example , an interface capable of communicating with test software running on an embedded processor is used to control and monitor the flow of data into the external interface of the design . thus , a connection is made between the verification environment and the design under test running on the accelerator / emulator via a connection formed directly between the verification environment and embedded software running on the emulator for simulation and monitoring purpose at a very low frequency so that high - speed acceleration may still be achieved . | 6 |
a hatrack module with a moveable hatrack comprises a housing with a hatrack accommodation space , a hatrack with laterally arranged guide elements and optionally at least one passenger service unit , wherein each guide rail is arranged on one sidewall of the hatrack accommodation space , and wherein the guide elements of the hatrack can be made to engage the guide rails on the housing . | 8 |
a method and apparatus for optical detection of residual soil on articles , after completion of a washing or a rinsing operation by a washer . a soil detection system provides an indication of soil on the articles by detecting luminescent radiation emanating from the soil in the presence of ambient light . | 0 |
disclosed is sabot and a firearm round for a firearm . the sabot includes a compression section defining a payload receiving chamber . the payload chamber receives a slug to form the firearm round . additionally , the sabot includes a solid section connected to the compression section . the solid section can include a powder cup section for sealing ignition gasses . typically , the sabot is formed from a high density polyethylene . | 5 |
a uni - directional fluid valve particularly for use as an exhalation valve for a filter mask comprises a flexible flap attached at one end to a concave portion of a seat . the mounting of the flap imparts to it a transverse curvature , stiffening the flap sufficiently for it to remain seated in the absence of a pressure differential across it even when orientated with the seat above the flap . | 5 |
Source codes for "Searching for spin glass ground states through deep reinforcement learning", Accepted by Nature Communications | 9 |
a device and a method for detecting and distinguishing between shelf - forming supports in cassettes and disk - shaped objects deposited thereon are provided for increasing accuracy in the determination of the position of shelves and objects as well as reliability of detection in distinguishing between cassette types without a disruptive influence being exerted on the objects by the inserted protective supports . the objects and different types of supports for the objects which are distinguished through an offset arrangement in the measurement plane pass through measurement beam bundles with their end sides , wherein each of the measurement beam bundles is situated in the region of only one type of support . the extension of the end sides of the supports in the measurement plane is completely detected by the measurement beam bundle . the device is used for the fabrication of integrated circuits . | 7 |
a portable anchoring apparatus and kit is provided which allows large animals to be safely hitched a safe distance from an anchoring object . other embodiments of the portable anchoring apparatus and kit include a portable anchored table , a portable anchored large sign , and a portable anchored combination table and large sign . | 0 |
a system and method for multiple vehicles to be dispatched and routed to multiple destinations , with or without constraints , containing a software core , which uses bounded geographic regions and node pairs to explicitly optimize , in two dimensions , for user desired dependent variables , by analyzing variance due to standard and user - defined independent variables . the invention stores node pair data , and can use error function , feedback , and anova / manova to create a tightly convergent dispatching and navigation solution . | 6 |
for toys that respond to touch to trigger a particular response , an activation system utilizes a non - contact capacitive proximity sensing system that permits activation when a finger , lips or other body part is close to a sensing area in the form of a hidden flat conductor under the surface of a toy so that actual touching of the sensor is not required to activate any of the functions of the toy . low capacitance coaxial cable buried in the toy is used to connect the sensing area to the capacitance detection circuit so that only the capacitance of the sensing area is measured . proximity sensing activation occurs when there is an increase in capacitance at the sensing area due to the proximity of a body part , with the change in capacitance being detected through the use of an rc circuit in the feedback loop of an oscillator whose frequency decreases when sensed capacitance increases . self - calibrating techniques involving adaptive threshold adjustment provide for fail safe sensing in all environments and across unit - to - unit component variations , with the thresholds being set each time the toy is turned on , then adjusted over time as necessary . in one embodiment , multiple sensing areas are sequentially addressed through a multiplexing circuit and all audio circuitry is turned off during sensing to prevent capacitance sensing errors . | 7 |
a highly efficient ethanol - fermentative yeast having high efficiency in ethanol production is provided without introducing a foreign gene . the highly efficient ethanol - fermentative yeast features a fermentative yeast effectively producing ethanol from pentose and hexose and being deposited to nite patent microorganisms depositary under the accession number nite bp - 01963 . | 2 |
in order to receive the cutting jet in a machine to cut a sheet material by a fluid jet , the present invention provides a mobile receptacle in which this jet is destroyed by one or several counter - jets delivered by nozzles . the fluids are evacuated by a conduit of pipes . this disposition makes it possible to significantly extend the lifetime of the receptacle and authorizes the functioning of the latter regardless of the inclination of the cutting jet . stand - by parts receive the jet or counter - jets in the event of any malfunction . in addition , cooling means make it possible to eliminate the heat and mist formed by the cutting and via the impact of the jets . | 8 |
1 , 1 , 3 , 3 - substituted hydroxy indanes having the formula ## str1 ## wherein r 1 , r 2 and r 3 , which may be the same or different , are selected from the group of hydrogen , halogen and optionally substituted alkyl , cycloalkyl , aralkyl and aryl , in addition to which r 2 and r 3 , when they are in the ortho position relative to one another , may be taken together with the carbon atoms of the benzene ring to which they are attached to form a 5 membered carbocyclic ring , r 4 is ## str2 ## wherein r 10 and r 11 , which may be the same or different , are selected from the group of hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl , cycloalkyl , aralkyl and aryl , and r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 and r 9 , which may be the same or different , are selected from the group of optionally substituted alkyl , cycloalkyl , aralkyl and aryl , the arrangement being such that r 5 and r 10 and / or r 6 and r 7 and / or r 8 and r 9 may form together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached a cycloaliphatic ring in addition to which r 6 and / or r 7 may also represent hydrogen . | 2 |
an electron beam system using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a function for controlling a charged state of a sample to be observed includes electron optics for obtaining image data of the scanning electron microscope , and a monitor that displays a relationship between an equation for determining a degree of separation of peaks which appear in a histogram obtained on a basis of the image data and at least one parameter among parameters for controlling the charged state of the sample . an optimized parameter for controlling the charged stage of the sample can be visually distinguished on the monitor . | 7 |
a transducer for a stringed musical instrument includes a pair of coils mounted adjacent each string of the instrument . the coils have substantially the same number of turns of electrically conducting wire wound thereon , and the wires constituting the coils are of different gauges . | 6 |
a lens cap holder for a camera lens includes an identification panel releasably connected to the camera neck strap , and fabric fastener means for temporarily connecting the lens cap to the panel when the camera is being used so as not to interfere with the camera operation . | 6 |
an improved electrosurgery electrode is disclosed for cooperation with an electrode holder connected to a source of electrical power . the improved electrode comprises a solid electrode shaft having a first and a second end with a shaft connector electrically connecting the first end of the electrode shaft to the electrode holder . an electrode tip is disposed on the second end of the shaft with the electrode tip having a hook terminating in a distal end extending generally perpendicular to an axis extending through the electrode shaft . a shaft insulator provides a waterproof electrical insulation between an exposed portion of the electrode tip and the shaft connector . the shaft connector may optionally enable removal or interchange of the electrodes in the electrode holder to accommodate for various types of electrosurgery techniques such as a subcutaneous lateral release or a meniscectomy procedure through an arthroscopic system . | 0 |
a vessel transfer system utilizes a larger , surface effect vessel with a hull and a cargo deck , having a pressurized volume of air under its hull . the larger vessel cargo deck is lowered relative to a water surface in order to receive a smaller vessel . lowering is achieved by depressurizing the volume of pressurized air under the hull . movable propulsors on an air cushion vehicle permit efficient operation under way in an outer position , while minimizing the envelope dimensions for stowage in a well deck , providing clearance from bridges , docks , etc . in an inner position . in the outer position , the propellers operate in more uniform inflow conditions , resulting in improved performance and lower noise levels . in addition , the craft can be arranged to use a full width stern ramp resulting in time saved during cargo loading / unloading . the propellers will be less likely to ingest green water in high sea states . | 8 |
an imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process , the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells , each one of the cells including a photogate overlying the substrate for accumulating photo - generated charge in an underlying portion of the substrate , a readout circuit including at least an output field effect transistor formed in the substrate , and a charge coupled device section formed on the substrate adjacent the photogate having a sensing node connected to the output transistor and at least one charge coupled device stage for transferring charge from the underlying portion of the substrate to the sensing node . | 7 |
apparatus and systems including one or more first leds , each first led configured to generate first radiation having a first spectrum , and one or more second leds , each second led configured to generate second radiation having a second spectrum different than the first spectrum . a diffuser is employed to blend the first radiation and the second radiation , when generated , so as to provide a uniform color of light having a visible spectrum based on a combination of the first spectrum and the second spectrum . one or more controllers are configured to control the first led and the second led such that visible light provided by the diffuser is perceived as one or more colors . in different aspects , the apparatus / systems may be configured to generate white light and / or multicolor light , may be formed to resemble conventional light bulbs , and may be arranged as a linear chain of nodes . | 5 |
novel polyester for the packaging of perishable comestibles , e . g ., as bottles for still or carbonated mineral waters , is a polyterephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity ranging from 0 . 65 to 1 . 05 dl / g and a density of more than 1 . 38 , comprising 92 . 5 to 98 . 5 % of ethylene terephthalate recurring units and 1 . 5 to 7 . 5 mol % of recurring units of at least one polybasic acid and / or polyhydric alcohol comonomeric crystallization retardant , the di - and / or triethylene glycol content thereof being less than about 3 . 5 mol % per mol of diacid radicals present in the polymer chain , said pet also having a residual acetaldehyde concentration of less than 1 . 25 ppm , with acetaldehyde being reformed therefrom at a rate of less than 5 ppm / hour , at 220 ° c ., and said pet being devoid of visible crystallization in an at least 4 mm thick test plate shaped in a mold cavity from a melt thereof . | 8 |
methods and apparatuses are provided to identify and extract a torque ripple signal found in the back - emf signal from an electric motor . the torque ripple signal is used in a feedback control loop to reduce the amount and effects of torque ripple in the motor and the motor system . a motor controller is provided to reduce torque ripple in an electric motor . the motor controller is suitable for controlling the speed or torque or other related parameters associated with the electric motor . a disc drive apparatus for use in information storage and retrieval systems is provided . the disc drive apparatus includes an electric motor , an information storage disc , and a motor controller . a method is provided for reducing the effects of torque ripple in an electric motor by sampling the back - emf signal generated by the electric motor , extracting the torque ripple signal from the back - emf signal , and generating an ac component signal proportional to the torque ripple signal . this ac component signal is then used to create an error - correcting feedback control signal that can be used to modify the drive signal supplied to the motor such that the torque ripple in the motor is reduced . this method may be embodied using analog or digital circuitry , or a combination thereof . | 8 |
a power drive unit for cargo handling systems comprising a frame arranged to be mounted in use for raising and lowering movement relative to a supporting structure , a drive motor carried by the frame and having an output shaft , a drive roller assembly carried by said frame for engagement in use with a unit load device or the like to be moved by the pdu , a first gear train transmitting drive from said motor output shaft to a drive roller of said drive roller assembly , a rotatable lifting cam assembly carried by said frame and driven in use relative to said frame to lift and lower the frame on said mounting , a second gear train for transmitting drive from said motor output shaft to said lifting cam assembly to operate said lifting cam assembly , clutch means operable to connect and disconnect said motor output shaft to and from said second gear train , a torque limiting device limiting the torque transmitted through said clutch , when said clutch is engaged , to said lifting cam assembly , and a brake mechanism between said torque limiting device and said lifting cam assembly for braking said lifting cam assembly against rotation relative to said frame . | 1 |
improved methods and arrangements are provided for use in : selecting candidate television and multimedia programs for recording ; recording the candidate programs ; viewing the recorded programs ; and archiving the recorded programs . at the center of this capability is a time - dependent content buffering arrangement that allows candidate programs to be selected by an intelligent content agent , with the assistance of a bubbling agent , an electronic program guide , a select library listing , and / or a personal profile associated with a particular user . according to one feature , a rate at which a viewer consumes programs determines a degree of selectivity by which candidate programs are selected . | 7 |
an adsorbent coating is affixed to the internal wall of a sealable container . the container may be rigid or flexible . the adsorbent coating , when in the sealed container retains odor components for an extended period permitting the odor components to be transported without requiring the transport of the source of the components . thermal , or other desorption techniques release the odor components for analysis by , for example , liquid chromatography or gas chromatography . one embodiment of the invention is disclosed in which the container is a flexible bag , coated on its interior with an adsorbent material . in another embodiment of the invention , a large surface - area body , containing sorbent material on its surfaces , is contained within the container . | 6 |
a test architecture accesses ip core test wrappers within an ic using a link instruction register . an ieee p1500 standard is in development for providing test access to these individual cores via a test structure called a wrapper . the wrapper resides at the boundary of the core and provides a way to test the core and the interconnections between cores . the test architecture enables each of the plural wrappers in the ic , including wrappers in cores embedded within other cores , with separate enable signals . | 6 |
the invention relates to an eccentric screw pump with a annular outer part and an inner part arranged therein , the interior of the outer part and the exterior of the inner part tapering in a complementary manner towards an axial end . in the axial direction , the inner part and the outer part are movably received in relation to each other and the inner part and / or the outer part are configured in such a manner that pressure applied to the pressure side of the eccentric screw pump generates a force that acts upon the inner part axially to the direction in which the inner part tapers and / or a force that acts upon the outer part in an opposite axial direction . | 5 |
a model for practicing transabdominal pre - peritoneal and total extraperitoneal approaches for laparoscopic hernia repairs is provided . the model simulates an insufflated space between the abdominal muscles and peritoneum . a spring layer may be incorporated to provide a realistic resiliency to the model while in the simulated insufflated configuration . at least one hole is provided in the model from which synthetic tissue protrudes to simulate a hernia . the model is used to selectively simulate direct , indirect and femoral inguinal hernias as well as incisional hernias by removably placing the protruding simulated tissue into any one of several openings . the model contains all important anatomical structures and sits on a base frame or is connected to a rigid simulated pelvis . when located inside a laparoscopic trainer with an angled top cover , the model provides an ideal simulation for teaching and practicing laparoscopic hernia repair . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for a hybrid network device for performing in a virtual private network and a wireless local area network are provided . the hybrid network device comprises a vpn module serving as a vpn hardware accelerator in a wlan module , which performs in the wlan , wherein the hybrid network device integrates wlan and vpn capabilities into one device . | 7 |
a wind driven electrical power generating apparatus includes a rotor rotating by receiving wind force , a gear assembly having an input shaft connected to the rotor , a generator connected to an output shaft of the gear assembly , a sensor for detecting generating capacity of the generator and a controller for varying gear ratio of the gear assembly based on a signal from the sensor . in this construction , the controller controls so that the generator keeps rotating at around the lowest rotational speed within a range of rotational speed , the range being determined so as to include a maximum power operation region of the generator . alternatively , the controller controls so that rotational speed of the output shaft of the gear assembly is adjusted to at around the lowest rotational speed within a range of rotational speed , the range being determined so as to include a rated power region as an upper operational limit . | 8 |
a sealed filtration system includes a housing , having two chambers , that can be submerged . one chamber houses a plurality of subchambers in which various filter media are located , and the other chamber houses a submersible pump or additional filer media . a drain chamber and port is also defined within the housing for each chamber . an external pump can be to the housing . | 1 |
a method determines a direction of a principal light source in an image . an input image i is acquired of an object illuminated by a principal light source from an unknown direction . the input image includes an array of pixels , and each pixel has an intensity i . an intensity vector } is constructed from the intensities of the input image . an albedo map ρ is defined for the object . an albedo vector } is constructed from the albedo map . a shape matrix n is generated for the object . the albedo vector } is multiplied by the shape matrix n to obtain a shape - albedo matrix a . then , a direction s * to the principal light source is estimated from the intensity vector }, the albedo vector } and the shape - albedo matrix a according to an optimization s * = arg min s i → - ρ → - as . | 6 |
modular display rack systems , which are easily configurable , have interchangeable components , and are capable of being packaged and shipped in small containers , are described . preferred methods for using modular display rack systems are also disclosed . in some of the embodiments disclosed , one or more ladder racks are used to erect a single tower modular display rack , a two tower modular display rack and so forth . each ladder rack used to construct the modular display rack system may include a support base pivotally attached via a pivot pin to a lower portion of the ladder rack . the support base supports the load of the ladder rack and the modular display rack system and also pivots to a folded position if desired . | 0 |
a method , composition , and article for patterning and depositioning a substrate employing a colloidal suspension includes the step of agitating the colloidal suspension to eliminate aggregations of colloidal particles in the substrate . the colloidal suspension may include a plurality of colloidal particles in a suspension medium which may comprise deionized water , a resist such as photoresist , and a solvent . | 7 |
The Dragonfly Nebula (G75.2+0.1) powered by the young pulsar J2021+3651 is a rare pulsar wind nebula (PWN) that shows double tori and polar jets enclosed by a bow-shock structure in X-rays. We present new radio observations of this source taken with the Very Large Array at 6 GHz. The radio PWN has an overall size about two times as large as the X-ray counterpart, consisting of a bright main-body region in the southwest, a narrow and fainter bridge region in the northeast, and a dark gap in between. The nebula shows a radio spectrum much softer than that of a typical PWN. This could be resulting from compression by the ram pressure as the system travels mildly supersonically in the interstellar medium. Our polarization maps reveal a highly ordered and complex B-field structure. This can be explained by a toroidal field distorted by the pulsar motion. | 9 |
the present application discloses a semiconductor device formed on a soi substrate which comprises a buried insulating layer and a semiconductor layer on the buried insulating layer and a method for manufacturing the same , wherein a fin of semiconductive material having two opposing sides perpendicular to a main surface of the soi substrate is provided in the semiconductor layer , said semiconductor device comprising : a source region and a drain region provided at two ends of the fin respectively ; a channel region provided at a central portion of the fin ; and a stack of gate dielectric and gate conductor provided at one side of the fin , where the gate conductor is isolated from the channel region by the gate dielectric , wherein the gate conductor extends away from the one side of the fin in a direction parallel to the main surface of the soi substrate . the semiconductor device has an improved short channel effect and a reduced parasitic capacitance and resistance , which contributes to an improved electrical property and facilitates scaling down of the transistor . | 7 |
The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states. | 9 |
a light fitting , particularly a built - in light fitting for ceilings and / or walls , includes an embeddable housing for receiving lighting means , a reflector , a housing frame , a functional frame , which can be detached at least partially from the housing frame and a locking device , which acts between the housing frame and functional frame . the locking device includes at least one wire spring , the wire spring being provided with a spring section extending between two locking elements formed in end areas of the wire spring . the locking elements cooperate with a respective locking receiving element in the functional frame . a wire limb is respectively formed between the spring section and locking elements . when the wire limb is pivoted and the spring section is deformed as a result , it is possible to modify the relative position of the locking elements relative to each other . | 5 |
This is a transcript of a talk that I gave in Cambridge on 17th July 2020 on the `Hubble tension'. I review the SH0ES analyses by Riess and collaborators and point out some internal inconsistencies, including a discrepancy between the relative distances inferred from Cepheids of two of the primary geometric distance anchors, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 4258. I then ask `what would it take to make SH0ES compatible with early time measurements?'. The answer is a systematic bias of 0.1 - 0.15 mag in the intercept of the Cepheid period-luminosity relations of SH0ES galaxies. Such a bias resolves the Hubble tension, the tension between the distance anchors, and the difference between SH0ES and the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) distance ladder, as measured and calibrated by Freedman and collaborators. I show that the difference between the TRGB and SH0ES values of H0 is caused mainly by a systematic calibration offset. In the short term, observational efforts should be focussed on improving the calibrations of the distance anchors and nearby galaxies, rather than trying to measure distance moduli to more supernovae host galaxies. I argue that an independent distance estimate to NGC 4258 is particularly critical. With such observations, it should be possible, on a relatively short timescale, to establish definitively whether the Hubble tension really exists. | 9 |
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