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a method for detecting trace explosives which includes obtaining a sample believed to contain explosives residue and contacting the sample and a carrier container containing the sample with a reagent . the sample and the carrier is illuminated by an appropriate laser or other light source while it is contained within a light tight box . the sample and the carrier is observed during the elimination to determine photoluminescence of the sample as an indication that it contains trace explosives . the reagent may be an alkaline containing substance , a lanthanide complex , a lanthanide complex containing sensitizing ligands or nanocrystals . | 8 |
Ephemeral Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) must be powered by some of the most energetic processes in the Universe. That makes them highly interesting in their own right, and as precise probes for estimating cosmological parameters. This field thus poses a unique challenge: FRBs must be detected promptly and immediately localised and studied based only on that single millisecond-duration flash. The problem is that the burst occurrence is highly unpredictable and that their distance strongly suppresses their brightness. Since the discovery of FRBs in single-dish archival data in 2007, detection software has evolved tremendously. Pipelines now detect bursts in real time within a matter of seconds, operate on interferometers, buffer high-time and frequency resolution data, and issue real-time alerts to other observatories for rapid multi-wavelength follow-up. In this paper, we review the components that comprise a FRB search software pipeline, we discuss the proven techniques that were adopted from pulsar searches, we highlight newer, more efficient techniques for detecting FRBs, and we conclude by discussing the proposed novel future methodologies that may power the search for FRBs in the era of big data astronomy. | 9 |
methods and systems for rewarding the usage of specific applications connected to an electronic health record used by healthcare provider offices , such as patient portals , to accomplish tasks such as messaging doctors using the inline email - like messaging system for non - urgent matters , for requesting appointments online , for requesting refill requests online , sharing personal health data from tracking devices , etc . | 6 |
a solid state imaging device for a wafer - level pinhole camera module is provided by using a mask transfer technique to form , with a high degree of precision , pinhole openings in a light - shielding material formed upon cover glass covering the surfaces of imaging elements for wafer - level camera modules , and then dicing . also provided is a manufacturing method therefor . further provided is a compound - eye camera system in which a plurality of pinhole openings are formed . it is also possible to impart an apodization effect by changing the cross - sectional shape of the opening in the light - shielding material to a tapered shape to thereby change the transmission characteristics thereof . | 7 |
alkynols are added to liquid fuels in the fuel reservoir , by aspiration into an air / fuel mixing area , or both . the introduction of such alkynols increases the burning efficiency of the fuels . | 5 |
a ni — fe based super alloy having high strength and toughness at high temperatures even when used in high - temperature environments , and a process of producing the super alloy . a turbine disk using the super alloy , a process of producing the turbine disk , a turbine spacer using the super alloy , and a process of producing the turbine spacer , as well as a gas turbine are also provided . the ni — fe based super alloy contains not more than 0 . 03 % by weight of c , 14 - 18 % of cr , 15 - 45 % of fe , 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 % of al , not more than 0 . 05 % of n , 0 . 5 to 2 . 0 % of ti , 1 . 5 - 5 . 0 % of nb , and ni as a main ingredient . | 5 |
an interlocking tab of a zipper , comprises two rows of engaging teeth and a cloth tape surrounding the engaging teeth . the cloth tape at both lateral edges thereof provides side openings respectively . | 0 |
improved , high - speed beam deflector includes unique piezoelectric plate and reflecting body structure , wherein parallel plates of piezoelectric material are bonded at selected locations on a reflecting body with flexible adhesive . the plates are operatively connected to a plate driving means to effect motion of the reflecting body in a push - pull arrangement . the resulting structure has a high resonant frequency even though a reflecting body in the form of relatively large glass mirror is employed . | 6 |
This paper investigates the extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs) and stellar populations of three clusters with different ages using Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data in detail. The colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of three Galactic clusters show broad main sequences, eMSTOs, blue stragglers, and red giant clumps. We explore the effects of age spread, binaries, and rotating stars on the morphology of the entire CMD, paying particular attention to the effects of binary stars and rotating stars on eMSTOs. Some synthetic CMDs are built on the basis of the advanced stellar population synthesis (ASPS) model to study the observed CMDs and search for the best-fitting stellar population models. The age of the youngest stars, age spread, metallicity, colour excess, distance modulus, binary fraction, and rotating star fraction of clusters are determined. The results show that both binaries and rotating stars are responsible for the eMSTO of intermediate-age cluster LP 585, but binary stars affect more than rotating stars on the eMSTO morphologies of the youngest (M11) and oldest (NGC 6819) clusters in our samples. It suggests that M11 (~0.3 Gyr) is possibly a composite stellar population of rotating and binary stars, while clusters LP 585 (~1.1 Gyr) and NGC 6819 (~2.0 Gyr) are simple stellar populations of rotating and binary stars. | 9 |
a restraining apparatus for securing a position of a side impact beam having u - shaped or trapezoidal cross section and formed with at least partially flattened ends , for execution of a subsequent , includes two support blocks for supporting the ends . associated to the support blocks are two vertical clamping units , wherein the support blocks and the clamping units are placed into one - to - one correspondence . the restraining apparatus further includes a stop member for abutment by one of the ends , and two transverse clamping units intended for clamping length sections of the side impact beam between the beam ends . | 1 |
processing mid - dialog sip messages by receiving a mid - dialog sip message from a sip user agent client , creating a new sip session , associating the new sip session with the mid - dialog sip message , identifying an application that is associated with the mid - dialog sip message , providing to the application the mid - dialog sip message in the context of the new sip session , receiving an acknowledgement from the application that the application will accept the mid - dialog sip message , and responsive to receiving the acknowledgement , providing to the application the mid - dialog sip message in the context of the new sip session . | 7 |
a convertible inflatable furnishing is disclosed . the furnishing can form a chair shape that can be converted into a supportive shape for massage and stretching by deflating and securing the backrest inside the furnishing . the chair is also capable of being rocked , reclined , and packed into itself . | 0 |
Context. Broad emission lines are the most characteristic features in the spectra of galaxies with an active galactic nucleus (AGN). They mostly show either single-peaked or double-peaked profiles and originate from a complex dynamics of the likely discrete clouds moving in a spatially extended region known as the broad line region (BLR). <BR /> Aims: In this paper, we present a large grid of results, which is used to test the model based on calculations of the spectral line generic profiles. <BR /> Methods: We followed a non-hydrodynamical single-cloud approach to BLR dynamics based on a radiatively dust-driven model. We previously showed in detail that the 2.5D version of the model could provide us with the 3D geometry of the BLR. <BR /> Results: We show that the shape of profiles not only depends on the accretion rate of the source, the black hole mass, and the viewing angle, but it is most significantly affected by the adopted dust-to-gas mass ratio regulating the strength of the radiation pressure. We also show that the model can aptly explain the low ionized broad emission lines of the mean spectrum of quasars, such as MgII and Hβ. <BR /> Conclusions: The radiatively dust-driving mechanism can appropriately account for the low-ionized part of BLR of AGNs. | 9 |
a class - g amplifier comprises first , second and third terminals connected to a load , first supply voltage and second supply voltage , respectively , where v 2 & gt ; v 1 . first and second transistors are series - connected between the first and third terminals with the collector of t 1 coupled via first diode to the second terminal . a third emitter follower transistor has a b / e junction coupled between a signal input terminal and base of t 1 . a first current source couples the third terminal and third transistor . a driver circuit includes a first current path between the third terminal and emitter of t 3 comprising , in series , a second current source , a fourth transistor and second diode . a second current path between a junction point and common point comprises , in series , third and fourth diodes and a third current source . base of fourth transistor is connected to junction and its collector is connected to third current source via fifth diode . a low input voltage cuts off second transistior so first transistor connected to second terminal . above a given voltage , driver circuit turns second transistor on so first transistor connected to third terminal . the output thereby attains a voltage equal to second supply voltage minus one b / e voltage . | 7 |
a copy sheet - feeding apparatus comprises a switch and control mechanism . the switch detects an open state of a sheet cover capable of exposing a stack of copy sheet and a closed state of the cover sheet capable of enclosing the stack , and generates signals denoting the open and closed states of the sheet cover . the control mechanism controls a drive mechanism for moving a sheet rest supporting the stack of copy sheets between a first position capable of receiving the copy sheets and a second position capable of supplying the sheet to a copying press . receiving the signal denoting the open state of the sheet cover from the switch , the control mechanism causes the sheet rest to be moved to the first position , and , receiving the signal denoting the closed state thereof , causes the sheet rest to be moved to the second position . | 1 |
a device for preparing multiple channels in a bone comprises a handle , a single guiding sleeve mounted removable at said handle and an arm projected from said handle . said single guiding sleeve comprises a central first guiding channel for receiving a first aiming wire , a second guiding channel for receiving a further aiming wire , said channels have parallel axes . at least one cannulation is provided , a central longitudinal axis thereof runs at a distance and parallel to the guiding channels . said at least one cannulation being arranged offset in a circumferential direction to said second channel . an aiming wire introduced in said second channel can be replaced into a cannulation by pulling off the guiding sleeve turning it about the first aiming wire and reinserting the turned guiding sleeve into said handle . | 0 |
seal having an annular - shaped carbon ring , a bellows adjacent the carbon ring and a retainer surrounding both . a spring drivingly connects the retainer with another larger retainer which surrounds the seal . | 5 |
there is described an electronic still camera for converting captured optical images into electric image signals . the electronic still camera includes a memory to store an image data set of a captured image and a photographing data set including a date - and - time of either capturing the image or storing the image data set ; a detector to detect a residual storing capacity of the memory ; and an eraser to remove an unnecessary image data set . when a plurality of image data sets are stored in the memory and the residual storing capacity of the memory decreases at a level lower than a predetermined value , the unnecessary image data set is selected , based on dates - and - times included in photographing data sets each of which corresponds to each of the plurality of image data sets , so that the eraser removes the unnecessary image data set from the memory . | 7 |
an apparatus for measuring characteristics of chromatic dispersion includes a raman oscillator generating a laser pulse with wide band wavelength . the laser pulse generated by a raman oscillation is transmitted through a selection and reflection film and then through a sample fiber . at an output end of the sample fiber , a reference wavelength light and an object wavelength light are received so that a delay time of the object wavelength light relative to the reference wavelength light is measured as a factor of a chromatic dispersion of the sample fiber . | 6 |
X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are a novel addition to the group of extragalactic transients. With only a select number of known sources, and many more models published trying to explain them, we are so far limited in our understanding by small number statistics. In this work, we report the discovery of two further galaxies showing QPEs, hereafter named eRO-QPE3 and eRO-QPE4, with the eROSITA X-ray telescope on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma observatory, followed by XMM-Newton, NICER, Swift-XRT, SALT (z = 0.024 and z = 0.044, respectively), and ATCA observations. Among the properties in common with those of known QPEs are: the thermal-like spectral shape in eruption (up to kT ∼ 110 − 120 eV) and quiescence (kT ∼ 50 − 90 eV) and its evolution during the eruptions (with a harder rise than decay); the lack of strong canonical signatures of active nuclei (from current optical, UV, infrared and radio data); and the low-mass nature of the host galaxies (logM<SUB>*</SUB> ≈ 9 − 10) and their massive central black holes (logM<SUB>BH</SUB> ≈ 5 − 7). These discoveries also bring several new insights into the QPE population: (i) eRO-QPE3 shows eruptions on top of a decaying quiescence flux, providing further evidence for a connection between QPEs and a preceding tidal disruption event; (ii) eRO-QPE3 exhibits the longest recurrence times and faintest peak luminosity of QPEs, compared to the known QPE population, excluding a correlation between the two; (iii) we find evidence, for the first time, of a transient component that is harder, albeit much fainter, than the thermal QPE spectrum in eRO-QPE4; and (iv) eRO-QPE4 displays the appearance (or significant brightening) of the quiescence disk component after the detection of QPEs, supporting its short-lived nature against a preexisting active galactic nucleus. These new properties further highlight the need to find additional QPE sources to increase the sample size and draw meaningful conclusions about the intrinsic population. Overall, the newly discovered properties (e.g., recent origin and/or transient nature of the quiescent accretion disk; lack of correlation between eruption recurrence timescales and luminosity) are qualitatively consistent with recent models that identify QPEs as extreme mass-ratio inspirals. | 9 |
mature particulate compost containing plastic film fragments resulting from the comminution of green waste and the bags containing them , is freed of the plastic fragments during screening of the compost by drawing air upwards through the compost into at least one plenum chamber at a velocity sufficient to lift the plastic film fragment into the plenum chamber substantially free of compost . | 2 |
the present invention relates to a new method and apparatus for improvement of high frequency reconstruction techniques using frequency translation or folding or a combination thereof . the proposed invention is applicable to audio source coding systems , and offers significantly reduced computational complexity . this is accomplished by means of frequency translation or folding in the subband domain , preferably integrated with spectral envelope adjustment in the same domain . the concept of dissonance guard - band filtering is further presented . the proposed invention offers a low - complexity , intermediate quality hfr method useful in speech and natural audio coding applications . | 6 |
a technique is provided for detecting episodes of cardiac ischemia based on an examination of the total energy of t - waves . since cardiac ischemia is often a precursor to acute myocardial infarction or ventricular fibrillation , the technique thereby provides a method for predicting the possible onset of ami or vf . briefly , the technique integrates internal electrical cardiac signals occurring during t - waves and then compares the result against a running average . if the result exceeds the average by some predetermined amount , ischemia is thereby detected and a warning signal is provided to the patient . the maximum slope of the t - wave is also exploited . techniques are also set forth herein for reliably detecting t - waves , which help prevent p - waves from being misinterpreted as t - waves on unipolar sensing channels . the t - wave detection technique may be used in conjunction with ischemia detection or for other purposes . | 0 |
an improved wrist brace is described wherein the improvement comprises the brace being formed generally from one piece of fabric having uniform elasticity , the fabric being folded and sewn in such a manner to provide tension in the carpal ligament area which is greater than the tension over other areas and provides an angled compression tube of 32 °. an alternative embodiment illustrates an orthopedic support apparatus constructed of two way stretch fabric having a ravel - free severed end portion joined flatly to and abutting another portion of the fabric and stitched thereto . the process of the invention describes an improved method of manufacturing orthopedic supports . | 8 |
the drive mechanism for a paper tape punch and reader assembly utilizes tape drive assemblies which move the paper tape in response to the application of continuous periodic motion and control signals . the periodic motion serves to oscillate a rocker plate between first and second limits and the control signls serve to selectively engage and disengage a detent which effects coupling between the drive shaft and the source of periodic motion . the periodic motion is imparted to the drive assembly by a connecting link which in turn is driven by an adjustable eccentric . the eccentric comprises a pulley plate which is fixed to a shaft . a circular body is adjustably movable with respect to the pulley plate and is arranged to engage the race of a ball bearing assembly which further comprises balls and a retaining ring . the connecting link has a circular opening which provides a snug fit to the exterior of the retaining ring . the pulley plate and the body are held in a fixed physical relation by two locking screws and the relative position of the two is established by an eccentric which is mounted on one of the locking screws . | 8 |
disclosed herein are methods and devices for tissue and joint repair . devices as disclosed herein can be used during surgical procedures , for example , to repair biceps tendons , elbows , shoulders , and knees . methods disclosed herein relate to methods for repairing the same using the disclosed devices . | 0 |
a camshaft adjuster has multiple locking guide slots and multiple locking pins spring - loaded in the direction of engagement with the locking guide slots and which , by varying assignment to the rotor and to the stator , are arranged relative to one another such that the rotor can , under the action of fluctuating torques , be automatically locked into the predetermined center position relative to the stator proceeding from a first early or late stop position by a successive engagement of the locking pins into the locking guide slots . the locking pins and the locking guide slots are arranged so that , in the event of a rotation of the rotor in the direction of the center locking position proceeding from the respective other second early or late stop position , the locking pins lock into the locking guide slots in the reverse sequence from different directions . | 5 |
a chuck body for a clamping chuck for clamping a workpiece has a substantially rotationally symmetrically formed basic body , provided on which is a receiving opening , which is formed as a portion of a cone and is formed for receiving a clamping head in such a way as to transmit force . attached to the basic body is a deformation sensor , for example as a strain gauge , which is intended and designed for determining a deformation of the basic body in a circumferential direction . in this way , the condition and state of wear of the clamping chuck can be determined . | 1 |
a lamp assembly includes an inner assembly that has a cfl source , an electronics board , and a holder that interconnects the cfl source and electronics board . an outer , light transmissive envelope surrounds the inner assembly and various fixing arrangements are disclosed for securing the inner assembly to the outer envelope . three primary mechanisms are a ratchet mechanism , a spring mechanism , or using adhesive to secure the inner assembly to the outer envelope under a predetermined tension . | 7 |
there is realized a storage system which can reduce the limitation of a device number used by a host cpu at the time of duplexing data . a micro processor of a source external storage controller unit unifies a plurality of write data received from the host cpu to the same data bus to provide one unit of data transmitting to a target storage system . a number not dependent on the device number used when the host cpu specifies a device is allocated to this . then , the source external storage controller unit sends the write data to the target external storage controller unit . this can receive / send the data without depending on the target specifying device number . | 8 |
a wind generator having removable change - out bearings includes a rotor and a stator , locking bolts configured to lock the rotor and stator , a removable bearing sub - assembly having at least one shrunk - on bearing installed , and removable mounting bolts configured to engage the bearing sub - assembly and to allow the removable bearing sub - assembly to be removed when the removable mounting bolts are removed . | 7 |
systems and apparatus for additive atomizing for severe operating environments are shown . an additive is introduced into a gas stream within a conduit , which provides atomization , into droplets , of the additive . the atomized droplets are then available for introduction into a severe operating environment , such as for example , a combustion chamber , furnace , incinerator , etc . | 5 |
embodiments of apparatuses , articles , methods , and systems for associating identifiers with memory locations for controlling memory accesses are generally described herein . other embodiments may be described and claimed . | 6 |
method and apparatus for bridging wired and wireless communication networks are disclosed . the method includes interfacing with a wired communication network , and interfacing with a wireless communication network , where the wired communication network and the wireless communication network have different communication media for transmitting communication signals , and the wired communication network and the wireless communication network use different communication protocols for transmitting the communication signals . the method further includes detecting the different communication protocols of the communication signals , programming a baseband processing module for transmitting the communication signals between the different communication protocols and the different communication media dynamically , and bridging communication signals between the wired communication network and the wireless communication network using the baseband processing module . | 7 |
a system and related techniques prepare and condition the installation of new networked service or application components , such as internet services , based on an individual subscriber &# 39 ; s subscribed - to services , features and other components . a subscriber to an internet service may choose to add , for example , a componentized subscription to a music or video download service to their access plan . when the user inserts a cdrom or accesses a web site for installation , the user may be prompted for a username or passport - type object to authenticate their account . the user may then be presented with a set of available service selections , extensions or enhancements to choose to add to their plan . those available selections may be prefiltered or prequalified , for example , based on geographic location , account spending or access limits , language or other criteria . because the installation engine delivers components which are intelligently filtered at time of installation , the service components or applications can be tailored to that specific user &# 39 ; s needs and options , instead of downloading or installing a monolithic package which may contain services not available or of interest to that user . | 7 |
disclosed is a dimmable safety mirror which is adaptable for mounting over a conventional motor vehicle mirror . the safety mirror comprises a dimmable mirror subassembly having a surface selectively switchable between at least a high reflectance state and a low reflectance state and a mounting mechanism for attaching the dimmable mirror to the conventional mirror in a manner to make the dimmable surface a viewing surface of the safety mirror . in the case of a power loss , the dimmable mirror subassembly can be quickly and easily removed to make the conventional mirror the viewing surface . | 1 |
processes and systems for making a poly resin particles are provided . the processes and systems described herein utilize one or more methods , including , for example , slurry dilution and / or filtration of various process streams , to optimize the transport and recovery of the poly resin particles . systems and processes described herein facilitate increased production of the final resin product by minimizing product loss and maximizing on - line operation time and production flexibility . | 1 |
a method for fabricating polycrystalline silicon resistor structures includes steps directed to the provision of a polycrystalline silicon structure having a decreased width . in one embodiment , sidewall spacers are used to narrow a region in which the polycrystalline silicon resistors are formed . in an alternative embodiment , polycrystalline silicon resistors are formed as sidewall structures in a resistor region . use of either technique provides a reduced cross - section for the resistor structures , allowing shorter resistors to be used , or providing increased resistance for longer resistors . | 8 |
Rip currents are narrow and concentrated seaward-directed flows that extend from close to the shoreline, through the surf zone, and varying distances beyond. Rip currents are ubiquitous on wave-exposed coasts. Each year they cause hundreds of drowning deaths and tens of thousands of rescues on beaches worldwide and are therefore the leading deadly hazard to recreational beach users. The broad definition above masks considerable natural variability in terms of rip current occurrence in time and space, flow characteristics and behaviour. In particular, surf-zone rip currents have long been perceived as narrow flows extending well beyond the breakers, flushing out the surf zone at a high rate ('exit flow' circulation regime), while more recent studies have shown that rip flow patterns can consist of quasi-steady semi-enclosed vortices retaining most of the floating material within the surf zone ('circulatory flow' circulation regime). Building upon a growing body of rip current literature involving numerical modelling and theory together with emergence of dense Lagrangian field measurements, we develop a robust rip current type classification that provides a relevant framework to understand the primary morphological and hydrodynamic parameters controlling surf-zone rip current occurrence and dynamics. Three broad categories of rip current types are described based on the dominant controlling forcing mechanism. Each category is further divided into two types owing to different physical driving mechanisms for a total of six fundamentally different rip current types: hydrodynamically-controlled (1) shear instability rips and (2) flash rips, which are transient in both time and space and occur on alongshore-uniform beaches; bathymetrically-controlled (3) channel rips and (4) focused rips, which occur at relatively fixed locations and are driven by hydrodynamic processes forced by natural alongshore variability of the morphology in both the surf zone and inner shelf zone; and boundary-controlled (5) deflection rips and (6) shadow rips, which flow against rigid lateral boundaries such as natural headlands or anthropogenic structures. For each rip current type, flow response to changes in hydrodynamic and morphologic forcing magnitude is examined in regard to velocity modulation and changes in circulation regime, providing key force-response relationships of rip currents. We also demonstrate that in the real world, rip currents form through a mixture of driving mechanisms and the discrete rip types defined in fact form key elements in a wide and complex spectrum of rip currents on natural beaches. It is anticipated that this rip current type classification will serve as a resource for coastal scientists and non-specialists with an interest in the rip current hazard, and as a platform for future rip current studies. Finally, we suggest some important future research directions highlighting the need for coastal and beach safety communities to collaborate in order to improve rip current education and awareness. | 9 |
a computer system utilizing software to map content by determining a field of relevance and at least one topic in the field of relevance is presented . the system determines at least one content pertaining to the topic , retrieves a representation of the content and maps the representation of the content onto the field of relevance . then , it provides an extremely flexible presentation mechanism where the content is organized by multi - dimensional mappings to present the information effectively . the system also provides a navigation aid for traversing multi - dimensional information utilizing a variety of features and tools for effectively visualizing the information . one of the features allows a vector to be assigned to each entity , queries a user or software agent for a particular focal element and displays the multiplicity of distinguishable entities based upon the assigned vectors utilizing the focal vector as a reference point to view the information . the system facilitates the organization of results of database interrogations , web searches and other large data situations , creating a multi - dimensional topic space of content and the tools to navigate the space effectively . the topic space is traversed by dynamically modifying the focal vector , which modifies the visualization of the information to conform the user or software agent &# 39 ; s directions . the invention represents a novel , unique approach that matches nicely with the requirements of the internet to efficiently examine the results from search engines in an efficient manner . | 6 |
a powder feeder for continuous casting is provided with a powder container for storing casting powder in the final stage prior to being supplied onto a molten steel surface , and a spreading feeder for spreading the casting powder on the molten steel surface in a mold . the powder container is arranged above the head of an operator in the operator work area , the spreading feeder is supported and manipulated by a robot arm , and powder is supplied to the spreading feeder from the discharge port of the powder container through a flexible transfer path which can follow the movement of the robot arm . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for measuring stress forces in refiners is disclosed . in the method , a measuring surface which is a portion of at least one refining surface containing at least a portion of the bars extending across that surface is resiliently mounted in the refining surface , and the stress forces are measured perpendicular to the measuring surface . | 1 |
a novel low - power and compact laser spectroscopic sensor is described herein . embodiments of the disclosed sensor utilize state - of - the - art microprocessors and digital processing techniques to reduce power consumption and integrate functions into a small device . in particular , novel software methods are disclosed which allow the use of low - power microprocessors which draw no more than about 0 . 02 w of power . such low - power enables long battery life and allows embodiments of the sensor to be used in portable applications . in addition , the system architecture and methods described in this disclosure allow a single integrated embedded processor to control all the subsystems necessary for a laser spectroscopic sensor further reducing sensor size and power consumption . in addition , a power efficient method of calibrating a photoacoustic laser spectroscopic sensor is disclosed . | 6 |
a computer readable medium storing executable instructions includes executable instructions to : receive a continuous stream of database transactions ; form batches of database transactions from the continuous stream of database transactions ; combine batches of database transactions with similar operations to form submission groups ; identify dependencies between submission groups to designate priority submission groups ; and apply priority submission groups to a database target substantially synchronously with the receipt of the continuous stream of database transactions . | 6 |
an enhanced computer system architecture provides a processor supported by a general cache and a mini - cache wherein the mini - cache will supply requested data words not available in the general cache thus eliminating the extra clock periods necessary to access main memory . the mini - cache stores frequently used data words and is refilled concurrently during processor command execution and is settable for handling data words or code words or both . a data queue storage stores a block of words which duplicate words in main memory . if the requested address matches an address register block in the mini - cache , the data queue store will make the words in the data queue available to requests from the processor . the mini - cache also monitors the system bus for any &# 34 ; write &# 34 ; operations which might change the validity of the data in the address register block of the mini - cache . in this case , the data stored in the mini - cache is invalidated and cannot be used by the processor . additionally , the mini - cache can be added to or removed from system operations . | 6 |
a field effect transistor includes a substrate having a doping of a first conductivity type , a drain area in the substrate having a doping of a second conductivity type oppposite the first conductivity type , a source area in the substrate being laterally spaced from the drain area and having a doping of the second conductivity type , and a channel area in the substrate that is arranged between the source area and the drain area . in a portion of the substrate bordering the drain area , an area having a doping of the second conductivity type , which is connected to the drain area , is arranged such that in the portion alternating regions having the first conductivity type and having the second conductivity type are arranged . | 7 |
a method for processing a flush - back fluid containing impurities after its use in a flush - back filter for cleaning fluid used in a cleaning process is accomplished in accordance with the invention in that flush - back fluid drawn from the flush - back filter is subjected to a sedimentation process and hereby acted upon at least from time to time by pressure and that after completion of the sedimentation process the flush - back fluid is separated in a pressure - tight manner from a least at least a portion of a sediment recovered thereby and the latter is subsequently removed and a part of the flush - back fluid cleansed at least to a large extent of impurities is returned to the cleaning process . | 1 |
a projector including a projector to superpose pictures on a screen , the pictures being displayed on cathode ray tubes corresponding to different colors . reference signals are inputted to the corresponding cathode ray tubes for a predetermined period of time after application of power so that one of both a picture with a uniform brightness and a picture with a uniform color is formed all over the screen in response to the reference signals . the projector effectively reduces the fluctuation in registration of the displayed pictures . | 7 |
a programmed sequential operator for producing sequential or at least not identically simultaneous movement of two different members . the operator includes an actuator reversely movable between limiting positions , first and second operating members each independently reversely movable between limiting positions , and connections between the actuator and operating members to produce forward and reverse movements of said members in programmed relation to forward and reverse movement of the actuator . | 4 |
in order to reduce the environmental load on an area where a herbicide is applied or a surrounding area thereof more than ever , it has been required to improve activity of a herbicidal active ingredient and to reduce its dose as far as possible . a herbicidal composition comprising a benzoylpyrazole compound represented by the formula or its salt : wherein each of q , r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 and a is as defined in the specification , and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid ester , a polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester , a polyoxyalkylene styryl aryl ether , a polyoxyalkylene styryl aryl ether condensate and a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate . | 0 |
described is a method for producing copolymerized sol - gel derived sorbent particles for the production of copolymerized sol - gel derived sorbent material . the method for producing copolymerized sol - gel derived sorbent particles comprises adding a basic solution to an aqueous metal alkoxide mixture for a ph ≦ 8 to hydrolyze the metal alkoxides . then , allowing the mixture to react at room temperature for a precalculated period of time for the mixture to undergo an increased in viscosity to obtain a desired pore size and surface area . the copolymerized mixture is then added to an immiscible , nonpolar solvent that has been heated to a sufficient temperature wherein the copolymerized mixture forms a solid upon the addition . the solid is recovered from the mixture , and is ready for use in an active sampling trap or activated for use in a passive sampling trap . | 1 |
the present invention is intended to provide an information processing device adapted to rapidly register thereinto a schedule , a schedule inputting method for use in the information processing device , and a schedule inputting program used in the information processing device . the information processing device comprises : input controlling means for receiving an input ; numeric value deciding means for deciding whether an inputted numeric value can be identified as a time based on the number of digits of the inputted numeric value and a value of each digit of the inputted numeric value and for identifying the numeric value as a scheduled time in the case where the numeric value is identifiable as the time ; timer means for acquiring the current time ; comparator means for shifting the scheduled time into the future by only a period which is spent until the scheduled time reaches the same time in the future in the case where the scheduled time is represented to be previous to the current time ; and schedule management means for register the scheduled time and a predetermined schedule content as a schedule . | 6 |
a free spinning annular cylinder - like hollow body , having a leading and trailing end which are open at the ends . the leading end contains a balanced , uniformly and heavily weighted dense rim for generating gyroscopic forces . when the device is propelled forward with a spinning motion about an axis in substantially the direction of flight , the body is gyroscopically stabilized , in reference to direction , attitude and orientation . the weighted rim also shifts the body &# 39 ; s center of gravity toward the center of pressure , near the leading edge , which enables creation of lift . | 0 |
this disclosure is related with propeller noise and cavitation abatement in applications like propulsion , ventilation , pumping or turbine systems on fluids by novel techniques that allows stronger propellers with improved laminar flow by means of a propeller which consists on a rotating cylindrical block or a truncated substantially conical block with one or more tunnels around it rotational axis , said block also may have flow - guiding structures at both ends that help to keep the fluid &# 39 ; s laminar flow when it is mixing fluids with its environment , having the rotating block tunnels with either substantially circular shaped cross - section or variable shape cross - section from substantially circular to irregular oval measured in perpendicular plane to the rotational axis whereby it smoothly accelerates fluid or gas by means of either centrifugal or axial movement , also including dynamic balance or imbalance or torque modulation means that modulate specific vibrations which generates sound waves . | 1 |
a device including an integrated circuit , a partial power source , including first and second materials associated with the integrated circuit is disclosed . the first and second materials are configured to provide a voltage potential difference when in contact with a conductive fluid to power up the device . a signal amplification element secured around the integrated circuit relative to the first and second materials is configured to facilitate extension of a current flow path between the first and second materials . a modulator is configured to control conductance between the first and second materials to generate a detectable signal that is partially defined by the current flow extending through the conductive fluid . a communication module is coupled to the partial power source and is configured to communicate with a receiver and an antenna electrically coupled to the communication module , which uses the antenna to communicate with the receiver . | 7 |
systems and techniques for the creation and use of a complex data structure identifier thesaurus . in one aspect , an article comprises one or more machine - readable media storing instructions operable to cause one or more machines to perform operations . the operations include receiving , from a data processing system , a collection of mapping information identifying a first object and a first collection of two or more keys used to identify the first object , determining whether a first key in the first collection is found in a first mapping group of a mapping data store , determining whether second key in the first collection is found in a second mapping group of the mapping data store , and merging the first mapping group and the second mapping group to reflect that objects from the first mapping group and the second mapping group are related . | 8 |
AI-RemoteSensing is a collection of Jupyter and Google Colaboratory notebooks dedicated to leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Remote Sensing applications. This repository serves as an open-source platform for researchers, educators, and professionals to explore, learn, and expand their knowledge in this exciting intersection of technologies. These notebooks range from introductory concepts to advanced applications, encompassing a wide variety of techniques such as classification, segmentation, object detection, spectroscopy analysis, and optical and multispectral image processing. Whether you're a student seeking educational materials, a researcher eager to delve into the frontier of AI developments, or a professional exploring pragmatic applications, I hope you find these resources valuable. These materials are meticulously curated and designed to serve as a comprehensive guide, assisting you in exploring and harnessing the power of AI in remote sensing, spectroscopy, and image processing. | 9 |
a light collective optical system includes a single optical member having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface . in this case , the first reflecting surface partly has a first transmissive - refractive surface and the second reflecting surface partly has a second transmissive - refractive surface . the first transmissive - refractive surface and the second transmissive - refractive surface are nearly coaxially arranged . whereby , it is possible to provide the light collective optical system which is capable of illuminating an object to be illuminated with high illuminance and is compact and a light source device using the light collective optical system . | 6 |
a mouth guard seated at least partially on an upper jaw of a user to reduce resistance of air flow in a nasal channel of the user comprises a flange positionable between the upper jaw and an associated upper lip such that the flange extends above a gum line of the upper jaw . a chamber within the flange includes a valve for adjusting the volume of the chamber so that pressure applied by the flange to the upper lip is adjustable to affect dilation of the nasal channel resulting from such pressure , thereby allowing the user to selectably reduce resistance of air flow in the nasal channel . | 0 |
<BR /> Aims: We present a study of the very high-energy (VHE; E> 100 GeV) γ-ray emission of the blazar PKS 1424+240 observed with the MAGIC telescopes. The primary aim of this paper is the multiwavelength spectral characterization and modeling of this blazar, which is made particularly interesting by the recent discovery of a lower limit of its redshift of z ≥ 0.6 and makes it a promising candidate to be the most distant VHE source. <BR /> Methods: The source has been observed with the MAGIC telescopes in VHE γ rays for a total observation time of ~33.6 h from 2009 to 2011. A detailed analysis of its γ-ray spectrum and time evolution has been carried out. Moreover, we have collected and analyzed simultaneous and quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength data. <BR /> Results: The source was marginally detected in VHE γ rays during 2009 and 2010, and later, the detection was confirmed during an optical outburst in 2011. The combined significance of the stacked sample is ~7.2σ. The differential spectra measured during the different campaigns can be described by steep power laws with the indices ranging from 3.5 ± 1.2 to 5.0 ± 1.7. The MAGIC spectra corrected for the absorption due to the extragalactic background light connect smoothly, within systematic errors, with the mean spectrum in 2009-2011 observed at lower energies by the Fermi-LAT. The absorption-corrected MAGIC spectrum is flat with no apparent turn down up to 400 GeV. The multiwavelength light curve shows increasing flux in radio and optical bands that could point to a common origin from the same region of the jet. The large separation between the two peaks of the constructed non-simultaneous spectral energy distribution also requires an extremely high Doppler factor if an one zone synchrotron self-Compton model is applied. We find that a two-component synchrotron self-Compton model describes the spectral energy distribution of the source well, if the source is located at z ~ 0.6. <P />Appendix is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423364/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
the interface between two fluids such as oil and water in an underground cavern may be detected by placing a gelled substance containing a source of gamma radiation at the interface and detecting the emissions from the gelled substance . | 4 |
the invention is a new dental implant comprising a lower part for fixing to the bone that is divided into three portions : a coronal portion without a thread that has a cylindrical profile for the first few mm , below which it has a conical shape , a medial portion with a thread in which the cores are aligned to form a conical profile and the tips are aligned to form a taper and an apical portion . the coronal portion has a sinusoidal polish , with the upper portions coinciding with the buccal and palatal regions and the lower portions coinciding with the medial and distal regions . the connection screw is positioned so that its most coronal part is essentially aligned with the most coronal part of the fixture . | 0 |
an apparatus or article of manufacture composing a jacket , vest , coat , shirt or similar clothing article which is convertible into a covering or blanket . the jacket or vest is assembled with a pocket formed between a portion of the jacket , such as a jacket outer covering , and a portion of a blanket wherein a portion of the blanket is foldably received into and stored within a pocket for removal and unfolding when use of the blanket is required . the pocket may be at any location on the jacket including at the front , back and inside . the manufacture of the vest or jacket is principally a blanket or fabric unit or portion integral with the vest or jacket portion . the blanket or fabric portion is contained , by folding , in the pocket . the vest or jacket is worn and utilized as any jacket or vest garment . | 0 |
Thanks to ground-based infrared and submillimeter observations the study of the dusty torus of nearby active galactic nuclei has greatly advanced in the last years. With the aim of further investigating the nuclear mid-infrared emission of the archetypal Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, here we present a fitting to the N- and Q-band Michelle/Gemini spectra. We initially test several available spectral energy distribution (SED) libraries, including smooth, clumpy and two-phase torus models, and a clumpy disk+wind model. We find that the spectra of NGC 1068 cannot be reproduced with any of these models. Although, the smooth torus models describe the spectra of NGC 1068 if we allow variation of some model parameters among the two spectral bands. Motivated by this result, we produced new SEDs using the radiative transfer code SKIRT. We use two concentric tori that allow us to test a more complex geometry. We test different values for the inner and outer radii, half-opening angle, radial, and polar exponent of the power-law density profile, opacity, and viewing angle. Furthermore, we also test the dust grains' size and different optical and calorimetric properties of silicate grains. The best-fitting model consists of two concentric components with outer radii of 1.8 and 28 pc, respectively. We find that the size and the optical and calorimetric properties of graphite and silicate grains in the dust structure are key to reproducing the spectra of NGC 1068. A maximum grain size of 1 μm leads to a significant improvement in the fit. We conclude that the dust in NGC 1068 reaches different scales, where the highest contribution to the mid-infrared is given by a central and compact component. A less dense and extended component is present, which can be either part of the same torus (conforming a flared disk) or can represent the emission of a polar dust component, as already suggested from interferometric observations. | 9 |
a high density fixed head disk drive is shown . small track width and small inter - track spacing is accomplished by small head - to - media distances , which are maintained by fabricating both read / write heads and demultiplexer circuitry on a single planer substrate constituting a head mount disk . spacing between the head mount disk and media disk is controlled by placing the head mount disk on the periphery of annular housings that are slightly thicker than the media disk and thus controlling the spacing there between . close inter - track spacing is provided by angularly offsetting radial groups of read / write heads on the head mount disk . construction of a head mount disk and media disk of the same material provides physical thermal tracking thus minimizing track misalignment problems due to temperature variations . additionally , shorter duration writing pulses are employed on outer tracks to increase information density per unit area of the media disk . in an alternate embodiment , head - to - media separation is eliminated by fabricating heads that extend to make contact with an opposing media disk . contact is maintained with the media disk by angling the lash heads in the direction of media disk travel and flexing them against the same . | 6 |
according to one embodiment , a method is shown for improving image capturing ability , the method comprising electronically analyzing captured images to determine variations from accepted image criteria , electronically analyzing the determined variations to determine a pattern of determined variations , and providing an indication of relative image capturing performance . | 6 |
an apparatus which is capable of supporting a process for gasifying a variety of hydrocarbon - containing materials . the resulting hydrogen - containing gas is suitable for use in various combustion processes and for petrochemical processes . a hydrocarbon - containing material is mixed with natural gas under pressure . the suspended material and gas are then injected under pressure into an acceleration / gasification tube . intense heat is applied to the mixture as it travels through this tube , resulting in the cracking of the hydrocarbon chains and the release of additional energy . the released bond energy , along with the addition of the external energy , rapidly expands the gas and causes the velocity of the moving mixture to rise sharply as it proceeds down the tube . the acceleration / gasification tube is connected to a diffuser , which is essentially an expansion nozzle with a series of heat exchangers to cool the rapidly expanding gas . an evacuation pump is attached to the diffuser to extract the cooled gas and maintain flow in the system . | 2 |
method of modifying dna by subjecting the dna to a mutation - inducing treatment . the method includes the steps of bringing the dna to be mutated and a gene encoding a mutation - inducing non - dna polymerase protein together in cells , growing the cells in the presence of a stress factor , and selecting the mutant cells which have developed a desirable trait in the presence of the stress factor . | 2 |
a method and device is disclosed for reducing noise in cmos image sensors . an improved cmos image sensor includes a light sensing structure surrounded by a support feature section . an active section of the light sensing structure is covered by no more than optically transparent materials . a light blocking portion includes a black light filter layer and an opaque layer covering the support feature section . the light blocking portion may also cover a peripheral portion of the light sensing structure . the method for forming the cmos image sensors includes using film patterning and etching processes to selectively form the opaque layer where the light blocking portion is desired but not over the active section . | 7 |
Context. With the space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler, a large amount of asteroseismic data is now available and has led to a variety of work. So-called global oscillation parameters are inferred to characterize the large sets of stars, perform ensemble asteroseismology, and derive scaling relations. The mean large separation is such a key parameter, easily deduced from the radial-frequency differences in the observed oscillation spectrum and closely related to the mean stellar density. It is therefore crucial to measure it with the highest accuracy in order to obtain the most precise asteroseismic indices. <BR /> Aims: As the conditions of measurement of the large separation do not coincide with its theoretical definition, we revisit the asymptotic expressions used for analyzing the observed oscillation spectra. Then, we examine the consequence of the difference between the observed and asymptotic values of the mean large separation. <BR /> Methods: The analysis is focused on radial modes. We use series of radial-mode frequencies in published analyses of stars with solar-like oscillations to compare the asymptotic and observational values of the large separation. This comparison relies on the proper use of the second-order asymptotic expansion. <BR /> Results: We propose a simple formulation to correct the observed value of the large separation and then derive its asymptotic counterpart. The measurement of the curvature of the radial ridges in the échelle diagram provides the correcting factor. We prove that, apart from glitches due to stellar structure discontinuities, the asymptotic expansion is valid from main-sequence stars to red giants. Our model shows that the asymptotic offset is close to 1/4, as in the theoretical development, for low-mass, main-sequence stars, subgiants and red giants. <BR /> Conclusions: High-quality solar-like oscillation spectra derived from precise photometric measurements are definitely better described with the second-order asymptotic expansion. The second-order term is responsible for the curvature observed in the échelle diagrams used for analyzing the oscillation spectra, and this curvature is responsible for the difference between the observed and asymptotic values of the large separation. Taking it into account yields a revision of the scaling relations, which provides more accurate asteroseismic estimates of the stellar mass and radius. After correction of the bias (6% for the stellar radius and 3% for the mass), the performance of the calibrated relation is about 4% and 8% for estimating, respectively, the stellar radius and the stellar mass for masses less than 1.3 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>; the accuracy is twice as bad for higher mass stars and red giants. <P />Table 1 is available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
As the next generation of large galaxy surveys come online, it is becoming increasingly important to develop and understand the machine-learning tools that analyze big astronomical data. Neural networks are powerful and capable of probing deep patterns in data, but they must be trained carefully on large and representative data sets. We present a new "hump" of the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations (CAMELS) project: CAMELS-SAM, encompassing one thousand dark-matter-only simulations of (100 h <SUP>-1</SUP> cMpc)<SUP>3</SUP> with different cosmological parameters (Ω<SUB> m </SUB> and σ <SUB>8</SUB>) and run through the Santa Cruz semi-analytic model for galaxy formation over a broad range of astrophysical parameters. As a proof of concept for the power of this vast suite of simulated galaxies in a large volume and broad parameter space, we probe the power of simple clustering summary statistics to marginalize over astrophysics and constrain cosmology using neural networks. We use the two-point correlation, count-in-cells, and void probability functions, and we probe nonlinear and linear scales across 0.68 < R <27 h <SUP>-1</SUP> cMpc. We find our neural networks can both marginalize over the uncertainties in astrophysics to constrain cosmology to 3%-8% error across various types of galaxy selections, while simultaneously learning about the SC-SAM astrophysical parameters. This work encompasses vital first steps toward creating algorithms able to marginalize over the uncertainties in our galaxy formation models and measure the underlying cosmology of our Universe. CAMELS-SAM has been publicly released alongside the rest of CAMELS, and it offers great potential to many applications of machine learning in astrophysics: https://camels-sam.readthedocs.io. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for causing a video camera to produce a video signal to selectively cue special effects , comprising an optical chromakey field including a transparent assembly an illumination apparatus . the transparent assembly is placed in the field of view of the video camera . the on - camera talent can see through the transparent assembly to view a monitor or other object located behind the transparent assembly . the illumination apparatus selectively illuminates the transparent assembly . the transparent assembly presents light of a certain color for reception by the video camera . when special effects are selected , the video camera produces a characteristic video signal operative to cue the special effects . | 7 |
In this paper, written as a general historical and technical introduction to the various contributions of the collection "Solar and Stellar Dynamo: A New Era", we review the evolution and current state of dynamo theory and modelling, with emphasis on the solar dynamo. Starting with a historical survey, we then focus on a set of "tension points" that are still left unresolved despite the remarkable progress of the past century. In our discussion of these tension points we touch upon the physical well-posedness of mean-field electrodynamics; constraints imposed by magnetic helicity conservation; the troublesome role of differential rotation; meridional flows and flux transpost dynamos; competing inductive mechanisms and Babcock-Leighton dynamos; the ambiguous precursor properties of the solar dipole; cycle amplitude regulation and fluctuation through nonlinear backreaction and stochastic forcing, including Grand Minima; and the promises and puzzles offered by global magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of convection and dynamo action. We close by considering the potential bridges to be constructed between solar dynamo theory and modelling, and observations of magnetic activity in late-type stars. | 9 |
a video signal recording apparatus is capable of compressing the amount of information of a video signal sequentially containing a plurality of pictures correlated to one another . in this compression , the video signal recording apparatus can selectively assume an intrapicture coding mode for executing compression by using only a correlation within each of pictures of the video signal and an interpicture coding mode for executing compression by using a correlation between a plurality of pictures of the video signal . when a video signal the amount of information of which is compressed is to be recorded on a recording medium , the video signal recording apparatus starts recording with a video signal compressed in the intrapicture coding mode . when a video signal compressed by variable - length coding is to be recorded while sequentially forming a multiplicity of tracks on a recording medium , the video signal recording apparatus begins recording a picture to be recorded immediately after the start of recording , at the forefront of the tracks . | 6 |
a stabilized electrode comprising a metal oxide or lithium - metal - oxide electrode material is formed by contacting a surface of the electrode material , prior to cell assembly , with an aqueous or a non - aqueous acid solution having a ph greater than 4 but less than 7 and containing a stabilizing salt , to etch the surface of the electrode material and introduce stabilizing anions and cations from the salt into said surface . the structure of the bulk of the electrode material remains unchanged during the acid treatment . the stabilizing salt comprises fluoride and at least one cationic material selected from the group consisting of ammonium , phosphorus , titanium , silicon , zirconium , aluminum , and boron . | 7 |
an apparatus for continuously winding a plurality of inductors with insulated wire on an elongated bobbin in a manner such that portions of the wire that will locate at specified locations has its insulation is removed prior to wrapping . the apparatus includes a rotating device for turning the bobbin , a feedscrew for imparting a controlled pitch on the winding , a suspension system running the wire from a wire spool to the bobbin , and a means for removing insulation from the portions of the wire that will locate at the specified locations . | 7 |
a container is provided having a snap - on closure with an inner sealing flange . the container has a simple flared rim of uniform thickness and an underlying base ring for support . the closure sealingly engages the rim at the top and opposite sides thereof and includes an annular shoulder for supporting and positioning the base ring of a like container for stacking . | 1 |
the present invention relates to crystalline forms of the active pharmaceutical ingredient vorinostat , processes for their preparation and their use in pharmaceutical compositions . | 2 |
the present invention generally relates to the field of dry fire sprinkler systems , and more particularly , to a filtration device within the system to prevent vent corrosion . a chemical inhibitor or dessicant inhibitor is vaporized and circulated through a dry fire sprinkler system . the systems and methods of the present invention reduce or eliminate corrosion that typically affects conventional dry fire sprinkler systems , such as those caused by oxygen and microbiological systems , which can compromise the function of the fire protection system . | 5 |
an optical fiber communication system comprises a bus to which are connected two or more individual stations with inputs from the bus and outputs to the bus . each station includes an optical coupler , folded by means of a partially transmissive mirror , wherein the inputs and outputs are optically coupled . a light energy source applies optical energy to the bus which passes through each station by means of the optical coupler associated therewith . each station includes means for modulating the light energy on the bus by varying the optical coupling , and each station has detector means for receiving optical energy passing through the mirror and detecting the presence or absence of modulated signals on the bus . control means at each station initiates operating commands on the basis of the energy detected by the detector means . | 7 |
The large temperature gradients in the solar transition region present a significant challenge to large-scale numerical modelling of the Sun's atmosphere. In response, a variety of techniques have been developed which modify the thermodynamics of the system. This sacrifices accuracy in the transition region in favour of accurately tracking the coronal response to heating events. Invariably, the modification leads to an artificial broadening of the transition region. Meanwhile, many contemporary models of the solar atmosphere rely on tracking energy flux from the lower atmosphere, through the transition region and into the corona. In this paper, we quantify how the thermodynamic modifications affect the rate of energy injection into the corona. We consider a series of one-dimensional models of atmospheric loops with different numerical resolutions and treatments of the thermodynamics. Then, using Alfvén waves as a proxy, we consider how energy injection rates are modified in each case. We find that the thermodynamic treatment and the numerical resolution significantly modify Alfvén traveltimes, the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the system, and the rate at which energy is injected into the corona. Alarmingly, we find that the modification of the energy flux is frequency dependent, meaning that it may be difficult to compare the effects of different velocity drivers on coronal heating if they are imposed below an under-resolved transition region, even if the sophisticated thermodynamic adaptations are implemented. | 9 |
a portable , handheld battery - operated camera system is claimed . the camera is positioned atop a handle with a grip and comprises a finger - operated trigger for starting or stopping camera operation . the handle comprises a substantially hollow interior and a bottom concavity which detachably receives a rechargeable battery for powering the camera . | 6 |
a memory checking circuit for periodically reading the data from all locations therein . the circuit includes logic to correct and restore data from locations where an error has occurred . the circuit quickly identifies all memory locations present during search mode at a fast rate and reads all present locations at a slower rate during normal mode . | 6 |
in the current invention , a method and apparatus for efficiently deleting large files is described . this is done by having a special inode for pointing to data blocks to be freed , and subsequently freeing the data blocks from the special inode in a controlled manner . | 6 |
an apparatus for rapidly filling a pressure vessel such as a fuel storage tank with highly pressurized gas by initially inserting into the tank , a measured quantity of liquefied natural gas or some other type of cryogenic liquid and permitting the temperature of the liquid to rise within the tank to vaporize it into a gas under a pressure which at least approaches the design working pressure of the tank . the storage tank maintains the gas under sufficiently high pressure that automotive fuel tanks or other small tanks can be rapidly filled from the storage tank without compressors due to the high internal pressure of the storage tank . | 5 |
a resin for thermal imprint include a cyclic - olefin - based thermoplastic resin that contains at least one of skeletons represented by the following chemical equation 1 or the following chemical equation 2 in a main chain . the glass transition temperature tg and the value ) of mfr at 260 ° c . satisfy the following equation 1 , and & gt ; 10 . the thermal imprint characteristics are superior and the productivity is improved . tg & lt ; 219 × log − 104 | 2 |
a system and method for quickly and easily clocking in a player to a poker table in a casino are provided . a control panel is installed on the poker table at a location that is easily accessible by a dealer . when a player sits down at an empty spot at the table , the dealer accepts the players id card , swipes the player &# 39 ; s identification into the system , and then presses a dedicated button on the control panel associated with that seat . the information is received by the system and transmitted to a central computer . if the player wants to take a break from play , such as for example to go to eat , then the dealer presses a button on the control panel to indicate that the player is still assigned to that seat , but is temporarily away from the poker table . the system further includes means for maintaining a waiting list of players awaiting play in the poker room and for tracking the play of a plurality of poker players in a tournament setting . | 6 |
a system having a transmission unit transmitting an output data signal formed from output data and related error detection code and a corresponding receiving unit . the output data signal is pre - emphasized by a pre - emphasis driver in the transmission unit . the receiving unit includes an equalizer equalizing the received output data signal and an error detector analyzing the error detection code to determine whether a bit error is present in the received data . upon successive data transmission failures either an equalization coefficient in the equalizer or a pre - emphasis coefficient in the pre - emphasis driver are changed . | 7 |
the present specification provides novel intermediates and novel processes for the synthesis of various side chain and skeletal analogs of thromboxane b 2 . these analogs are particularly and especially useful as reproductive cycle control agents . | 2 |
an abnormality detection apparatus for detecting an event where a monitored object in a room has lapsed into an abnormal state . the apparatus includes an image pickup system for picking up an image of a scene in the room , and feature - quantity extraction devices for extracting an image feature quantity from the image picked up by the image pickup devices . the apparatus also includes judgment devices for determining whether the monitored object in the room has lapsed into the abnormal state or not based on the time - variations of the image feature quantity extracted by the feature - quantity extraction devices , and outputting an alarm that responds to the determination of the occurrence of the abnormal state . | 6 |
a method of releasing pressure in a non - metallic injection mold has a pressure relief valve positioned in the molten resin flow path for handling excess resin pressure . the pressure relief valve responds to excess resin pressure in the cavity by providing an alternate resin flow path for the pressurized excess resin . | 1 |
the present invention relates to a motor control circuit for a stepper motor which causes a motor shaft to oscillate between an incremental rotational position nearest above and nearest below a commanded average rotational position identified by an electrical command signal . a clock is provided for sending periodic clock signal pulses to the control circuit . an up / down counter is connected to the clock for counting clock pulses on each clock cycle and for providing an output signal in the form of a binary representation of total clock pulses . a comparing circuit electrically connected to the up / down counter is used to control an up / down direction of the up / down counter before each clock signal pulse so that the up / down counter causes the motor shaft to rotate to a position nearest beyond the commanded shaft position and to thereafter oscillate between an incremental count nearest above and an incremental count nearest below the commanded average rotational position . the invention provides the benefit of greater average shaft position resolution and , additionally , because oscillation is provided , the present invention is particularly useful in the electrical positioning of valve spools or variable displacement pumps in a manner which reduces the possibility of spool sticking . | 7 |
provided herein is a solder for sintered metal parts which is composed of fe and / or cr 5 ˜ 40 %, si and / or b 1 ˜ 5 %, cu 20 ˜ 65 %, mn 5 ˜ 30 %, and ni 20 % and up , and optional flux 1 ˜ 6 % . the solder may lack either or both of cu and mn . provided also herein is a process for soldering sintered metal parts with the solder . the solder joins parts very well with a minimum of infiltration into and corrosion to the sintered metal parts . | 1 |
real - time data is streamed over packet networks . streamed video is provided without the start - up delay by transmitting data from a video streamer to the video viewer more rapidly than the video viewer consumes the data and using the excess data to build a buffer at the video viewer . when a suitable sized buffer is built the transmission rate of data to the buffer may be reduced . in order to deliver the best quality material for the available bandwidth , the supply of video data may be switched to a higher bit - rate source when the reservoir is filled . fluctuations in network throughput may be accommodated during the transmission of data on a fine scale by adjusting the transmission rate of the data and on a coarse scale by switching between data streams encoded at different bit - rates . fluctuations in network throughput are determined by counting the number of missing packets at the video viewer which information may then be fed back to the video streamer to adjust the flow of data accordingly . | 7 |
The Einstein Toolkit is a community-driven software platform of core computational tools to advance and support research in relativistic astrophysics and gravitational physics. The Einstein Toolkit has been supported by NSF 2004157/2004044/2004311/2004879/2003893/1550551/1550461/1550436/1550514, Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. | 9 |
in an for controlling a feeder or feeder cart used in a pick - and - place electronics assembly machine , non - physical contact transmitters and receivers transfer data , such as feeder trigger signals , feeder ready signals , and component identification and usage information , between the feeder and / or feeder cart and the pick - and - place machine . wiring or other physical connections between feeder , feeder cart , and pick - and - place machine controls are not required . a common , universal interface between different types of feeders , feeder carts , and pick - and - place machines is possible . | 8 |
a method of printing image information on a receiving material , two sides of which are provided with a binding portion for collecting a plurality of receiving materials into a booklet , the image information of at least two images being printed next to one another on the receiving material such that the images situated next to one another are printed with reading orientations rotated 180 ° relative to one another and forming a right angle with the sides of the receiving material that are provided with the binding portion . to rotate the images , a fast method of rotating digital images is described which requires minimal memory space . furthermore , the rotation method is particularly applicable to rotating a series of images and includes the capability of rotating each image in the series differently while utilizing minimal memory space and processor time . | 7 |
Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a public, high-resolution spectroscopic survey, conducted with the multi-object spectrograph Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) on the Very Large Telescope (European Southern Observatory, ESO, Cerro Paranal, Chile) from December 2011 to January 2018. Gaia-ESO has targeted all the main stellar components of the Milky Way, including thin and thick disc, bulge, and halo. In particular, a large sample of open clusters has been observed, from very young ones, just out of the embedded phase, to very old ones. <BR /> Aims: The different kinds of clusters and stars targeted in them are useful to reach the main science goals of the open cluster part of GES, which are the study of the open cluster structure and dynamics, the use of open clusters to constrain and improve stellar evolution models, and the definition of Galactic disc properties (e.g., metallicity distribution). <BR /> Methods: The Gaia-ESO Survey is organised in 19 working groups (WGs), each one being responsible for a task. We describe here the work of three of them, one in charge of the selection of the targets within each cluster or association (WG4), one responsible for defining the most probable candidate member stars (WG1), and another one in charge of the preparation of the observations (WG6). As the entire GES has been conducted before the second Gaia data release, we could not make use of the Gaia astrometry to define cluster member candidates. We made use of public and private photometry to select the stars to be observed with FLAMES, once brought on a common astrometric system (the one defined by 2MASS). Candidate target selection was based on ground-based proper motions, radial velocities, and X-ray properties when appropriate, for example, and it was mostly used to define the position of the clusters' evolutionary sequences in the colour-magnitude diagrams. Targets for GIRAFFE were then selected near the sequences in an unbiased way. We used known information on membership, when available, only for the few stars to be observed with UVES. <BR /> Results: We collected spectra for 62 confirmed clusters in the main observing campaign (and a few more clusters were taken from the ESO archive). Among them are very young clusters, where the main targets are pre-main sequence stars, clusters with very hot and massive stars currently on the main sequence, intermediate-age and old clusters where evolved stars are the main targets. Our strategy of making the selection of targets as inclusive and unbiased as possible and of observing a significant and representative fraction of all possible targets permitted us to collect the largest, most accurate, and most homogeneous spectroscopic data set on open star clusters ever achieved. <P />Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory telescopes under program 188.B-3002 (The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey). | 9 |
an apparatus for deflecting and focusing a beam of neutral particles for operating on extremely small workpieces , such as for doping or inscribing micro - electronic components , has a deflection system for generating at least one magnetic field through which the beam of neutral particles is directed for focusing and shaping of the beam on the workpiece . the lens system may include one or more six - pole or eight - pole lenses . | 6 |
a disposable device for measuring uv radiation comprising : a matrix , at least one photochrome compound provided to said matrix wherein said photochromic compound is capable of changing its color when exposed to uv radiation , color changing agent distributed within said matrix , wherein said color changing agent irreversibly changes the device &# 39 ; s color as a function of the uv dose irradiated , whereby said device is not affected by ambient conditions and visible light . | 6 |
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