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a rolling shutter characterized by an array of edge - adjacent , parallel shutter slats and full shutter width , clear shutter segments or links articulately interconnecting respective pairs of adjacent shutter slats . the links are telescopically movable in the slats to permit relative movement of the slats between spaced - apart and juxtaposed positions . when spaced apart , the slats form therebetween a gap which exposes the clear link which permits passage of light over substantially the full extent of the gap . the clear links also provide a double hinge - like joint between adjacent slats . the shutter slats are also uniquely reinforced and have an improved exterior appearance . | 4 |
the flow of a fluid of unknown composition is measured by leading the fluid over a first temperature sensor , a heater and a second temperature sensor . the temperature difference dtp between the temperature sensors is measured , as well as the temperature t of at least one of them . in addition , calibration data is used to store the temperature tref of a known reference fluid . the offset t − tref at a given temperature difference dtp is a direct measure of the composition of the fluid and allows to retrieve any parameter depending on the same . | 6 |
a socket attaches to a first component and includes a receptive area to couple a second component to the first component . a low profile voltage regulator is integrated into the socket and proximately disposed adjacent to the receptive area . the low profile voltage regulator converts a first power signal from the first component to a second power signal for the second component . a chassis encloses the socket and the low profile voltage regulator and serves as a base for a heat sink to be attached to the second component . | 7 |
a ferroelectric memory device includes a microelectronic substrate and a plurality of ferroelectric capacitors on the substrate , arranged as a plurality of row and columns in respective row and column directions . a plurality of parallel plate lines overlie the ferroelectric capacitors and extend along the row direction , wherein a plate line contacts ferroelectric capacitors in at least two adjacent rows . the plurality of plate lines may include a plurality of local plate lines , and the ferroelectric memory device may further include an insulating layer disposed on the local plate lines and a plurality of main plate lines disposed on the insulating layer and contacting the local plate lines through openings in the insulating layer . in some embodiments , ferroelectric capacitors in adjacent rows share a common upper electrode , and respective ones of the local plate lines are disposed on respective ones of the common upper electrodes . ferroelectric capacitors in adjacent rows may share a common ferroelectric dielectric region . related fabrication methods are discussed . | 7 |
Theoretical models and observations suggest that the abundances of molecular ions in protoplanetary disks should be highly sensitive to the variable ionization conditions set by the young central star. We present a search for temporal flux variability of HCO<SUP>+</SUP> J = 1-0, which was observed as a part of the Molecules with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Planet-forming Scales ALMA Large Program. We split out and imaged the line and continuum data for each individual day the five sources were observed (HD 163296, AS 209, GM Aur, MWC 480, and IM Lup, with between three and six unique visits per source). Significant enhancement (>3σ) was not observed, but we find variations in the spectral profiles in all five disks. Variations in AS 209, GM Aur, and HD 163296 are tentatively attributed to variations in HCO<SUP>+</SUP> flux, while variations in IM Lup and MWC 480 are most likely introduced by differences in the uv coverage, which impact the amount of recovered flux during imaging. The tentative detections and low degree of variability are consistent with expectations of X-ray flare-driven HCO<SUP>+</SUP> variability, which requires relatively large flares to enhance the HCO<SUP>+</SUP> rotational emission at significant (>20%) levels. These findings also demonstrate the need for dedicated monitoring campaigns with high signal-to-noise ratios to fully characterize X-ray flare-driven chemistry. | 9 |
a sealing system for a rotating shaft journaled in roller , ball or tapered bearings retained in a carrier includes an outer seal which sealingly engages the carrier and an inner seal which sealingly engages the shaft . in this way , the sealing velocity is substantially lowered for a shaft of a given diameter enhancing the integrity of the seal over a greater range of shaft diameters and speeds . | 5 |
in one aspect , the invention relates to a probe . the probe includes a sheath , a flexible , bi - directionally rotatable , optical subsystem positioned within the sheath , the optical subsystem comprising a transmission fiber , the optical subsystem capable of transmitting and collecting light of a predetermined range of wavelengths along a first beam having a predetermined beam size . the probe also includes an ultrasound subsystem , the ultrasound subsystem positioned within the sheath and adapted to propagate energy of a predetermined range of frequencies along a second beam having a second predetermined beam size , wherein a portion of the first and second beams overlap a region during a scan . | 0 |
a method and apparatus for providing an automated optical robotic polishing system for removing flaws in transparencies , such as transparent canopies used in aircraft . a pneumatic random orbital polishing tool attached to a robot arm is used to polish canopies to remove flaws . the flaws are removed by grinding the area surrounding the flaw and smoothing the flaw site to conform to the contour of the canopy . to identify optimum motions for the polishing tool for grinding to remove the bulk of the plastic material around a flaw , mathematical topology simulation techniques are implemented using various polishing pad pressure profiles and various polishing motions . | 6 |
a crossbar switch system with redundancy has n + 1 cross - bar switches . a first cross - bar switch has first outputs of each of a plurality of nodes applied to n input terminals thereof , an th cross - bar switch has nth outputs of each of the nodes applied to n input terminals thereof , and second to nth cross - bar switches each have first to nth selection circuits , which are provided at respective input terminals thereof , to each of which are input mutually adjacent th and ith outputs among outputs of each of the nodes . each node has n selection switches , which are provided at input terminals thereof , to each of which are input jth outputs of two mutually adjacent cross - bar switches among the first to th cross - bar switches . in response to a selection control signal output from a failure processing circuit that executes crossbar switch failure processing , each of the selection circuits selects and outputs one of its two inputs . | 7 |
disclosed herein are compounds represented by the formula : therapeutic methods , compositions , and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed . | 2 |
an aerosol sample collector with an air flow path comprising : at a first segment thereof , a particle charging device , and at a second segment thereof , deflection plates configured to focus particles of a desired charge into a preselected cross - section of the air flow path . the air flow path also includes charged substrates arranged at an outflow portion of the air flow path to collect charged particles on a collection surface of the charged substrates ; and an exit path for flowing particles not in the preselected cross - section of the air flow path away from the charged substrates . related methods are also provided . | 8 |
a power operating system for opening and closing a vehicle liftgate has a pair of drive units supported on the vehicle pillars at the sides of the liftgate opening . each drive unit includes a vertically oriented channel and a rack bar that moves in the channel . a link is universally attached to the rack bar at one end and universally attached to the liftgate at the opposite end . the rack bar is raised and lowered by a power unit that has a motor driven pinion gear that meshes with the rack bar . raising and lowering the rack bar opens and closes the liftgate via the link . | 4 |
a pipette assembly for automatic pipetting machines including a stepped mandrel and tip for providing a minimum contact seal between the pipette tip and mandrel . the mandrel includes a first cylindrical portion with a first exterior diameter and a second cylindrical portion with a second exterior diameter . raised bands on the first and second cylindrical portions contact the interior wall of the pipette tip to form seals . because only a portion of the mandrel , specifically the seal portions , contacts the pipette tip , lower forces are required to insert the tip onto the mandrel . | 6 |
a cord reel wherein the cord is rendered operative only for such time as the cord is substantially unwound from the reel ; when the cord is operative the reel is locked to prevent the cord being wound thereon . in the preferred embodiment the cord is rendered inoperative by capturing a cord connector at the hub end of the reel in a hub compartment , the compartment having a shutter interconnected with the reel lock . the captured connector when released may be drawn from the compartment to connect the cord to a convenience receptacle . | 1 |
We present observations and analysis of 18 stripped-envelope supernovae observed during 2013-2018. This sample consists of five H/He-rich SNe, six H-poor/He-rich SNe, three narrow lined SNe Ic, and four broad lined SNe Ic. The peak luminosity and characteristic time-scales of the bolometric light curves are calculated, and the light curves modelled to derive <SUP>56</SUP>Ni and ejecta masses (M<SUB>Ni</SUB> and M<SUB>ej</SUB>). Additionally, the temperature evolution and spectral line velocity curves of each SN are examined. Analysis of the [O I] line in the nebular phase of eight SNe suggests their progenitors had initial masses <20 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The bolometric light curve properties are examined in combination with those of other SE events from the literature. The resulting data set gives the M<SUB>ej</SUB> distribution for 80 SE-SNe, the largest such sample in the literature to date, and shows that SNe Ib have the lowest median M<SUB>ej</SUB>, followed by narrow-lined SNe Ic, H/He-rich SNe, broad-lined SNe Ic, and finally gamma-ray burst SNe. SNe Ic-6/7 show the largest spread of M<SUB>ej</SUB> ranging from ∼1.2-11 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, considerably greater than any other subtype. For all SE-SNe <M<SUB>ej</SUB>> = 2.8 ± 1.5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> which further strengthens the evidence that SE-SNe arise from low-mass progenitors which are typically <5 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at the time of explosion, again suggesting M<SUB>ZAMS</SUB> <25 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The low <M<SUB>ej</SUB>> and lack of clear bimodality in the distribution implies <30 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> progenitors and that envelope stripping via binary interaction is the dominant evolutionary pathway of these SNe. | 9 |
the brake system includes a tandem master cylinder and a control valve for introducing pressure supplied from a power source . the main feature of the present invention is that the pressure from the power source is first introduced into annular chambers behind the sleeve seals of both the tandem master - cylinder pistons . this makes it possible for the pistons to travel only a small distance if power from the power source is available . thus , the pistons can be dimensioned in accordance with the force the driver is able to exert with his foot in the event of failure of the power source . | 1 |
an apparatus and method for effectuating multi - cycle engine braking is disclosed . the present invention controls the operation of the engine valves to permit more than one compression release event during a single engine operating cycle . the apparatus includes an assembly for operating at least one exhaust valve of an engine cylinder during a positive power operation . the apparatus further includes an assembly for operating at least one intake valve of the engine cylinder . the apparatus further including an assembly for operating the at least one exhaust valve during an engine braking operation . | 5 |
a spa heater includes a heater element having a single outer wall with indentations near each end for receiving clips for positioning the heater element . the indentations are preferably stamped or formed by some other method which does not weaken the outer wall and the heater element is retained by use of the clips in the indentations . incorporation of the indentations and the clips allows use of a single thin outer wall thereby reducing cost . the heater element is held and sealed by a combination of o - rings , stepped washers , snap rings clips , and caps . an electrical connection may be made using ring type wire ends residing under the caps or by connecting to posts extending from the ends of the heater element . the heater element is preferably a spiral heater element and a titanium outer wall may be used to resist corrosion and increases heater element life . | 5 |
a communications switch or router employs a replication server to perform batch processing of multicast connections . the replication server performs three distinct forms of processing using staging queues : packet arrival processing , packet replication processing , and per - interface transmission processing . packet arrival processing queues arriving packets in session queues , adds new multicast sessions to a replication set , and assigns a counter equivalent to the fan - out of the multicast session . packet replication processing assigns a descriptor to packets of each session in the replication set , and copies the descriptor to each per - interface queue . per - interface transmission processing examines each descriptor in the per - interface queue , copies the corresponding packets for transmission by the interface , adjusts the counter as each packet is copied , and clears the packet in the switch based on the adjusted counter . | 7 |
disclosed is a novel linear urethane - amide - imide copolymer composition obtained from first reacting x mols of diol compound , which had been dissolved in an inert organic solvent , with y mols of diisocyanate compound at room temperature to produce an intermediate reaction product , followed by reacting the intermediate reaction product with z mols of trimellitic anhydride at elevated temperatures , wherein y is greater than x and approximately equals the sum of x plus z . the polyurethane copolymer composition obtained from this process contains urethane , amide and imide groups on the polymer backbone , exhibits excellent mechanical and electric properties and heat resistance , and does not suffer from the phase separation problems observed from polyurethane - polyamideimide blends . | 7 |
a mobile display device includes a display part , a speaker , a microphone , an incoming call - detecting part , a state - detecting part , and a display control part . the display part displays information . the speaker outputs voice . the microphone picks up voice . the incoming call - detecting part detects an incoming call . the state - detecting part detects a positional relationship of the speaker and the microphone . the display control part displays , on the display part , information suggesting the correction of the inclination of the apparatus itself , when the incoming call - detecting part detects an incoming call and the state - detecting part detects that the positional relationship of the speaker and the microphone is in a prescribed positional relationship . | 7 |
a system and method for wirelessly powering an electrosurgical device using a generator to generate a radio frequency energy field . a switch on the electrosurgical device sends a wireless signal to the generator , where the generator allows a current to pass through an inductive coil to generate the rf energy field . the rf energy field induces a current to flow across an inductive coil within the electrosurgical device . the current flow is then processed through a rf conditioning circuit and outputted to the end effector assembly of the device . | 0 |
an apparatus for facilitating the connection of tubulars , said apparatus comprising a winch , at least one wire line , and a device for gripping the tubular , the arrangement being such that , in use , the winch can be used to winch said at least one wire and said device to position a tubular below said top drive . | 4 |
The radio radiation mechanism is one of the open questions in pulsar physics. Multiband observations are very important for constraining the pulsar radiation mechanism. In this paper, we investigate the pulse profiles of PSR B1737+13 and its evolution with the frequency. The integrated pulse profiles are obtained from the European Pulsar Network and the Australia Telescope National Facility data, together with recent observations from the largest dish Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. The radiation components are separated with the squared hyperbolic secant functions, and the radiation altitudes of each radiation component at different frequencies are calculated. It is found that the radio radiation at different frequencies comes from different altitudes. The frequency evolutions of separations for the inner and outer cone components are studied. It is found that the separations of the inner and outer cone components have opposite frequency dependence. We simulate the RFM of PSR B1737+13 with the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model and find that the RFM can be naturally described by the ICS model. Through the simulation, the radio radiation region of PSR B1737+13 is determined, and the result shows that the radio radiation of this pulsar may be generated in the annular gap region. | 9 |
We present the results of a search for continuous gravitational wave signals (CGWs) in the second data release (DR2) of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) collaboration. The most significant candidate event from this search has a gravitational wave frequency of 4-5 nHz. Such a signal could be generated by a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) in the local Universe. We present the results of a follow-up analysis of this candidate using both Bayesian and frequentist methods. The Bayesian analysis gives a Bayes factor of 4 in favor of the presence of the CGW over a common uncorrelated noise process, while the frequentist analysis estimates the p-value of the candidate to be 1%, also assuming the presence of common uncorrelated red noise. However, comparing a model that includes both a CGW and a gravitational wave background (GWB) to a GWB only, the Bayes factor in favour of the CGW model is only 0.7. Therefore, we cannot conclusively determine the origin of the observed feature, but we cannot rule it out as a CGW source. We present results of simulations that demonstrate that data containing a weak gravitational wave background can be misinterpreted as data including a CGW and vice versa, providing two plausible explanations of the EPTA DR2 data. Further investigations combining data from all PTA collaborations will be needed to reveal the true origin of this feature. | 9 |
a conduit connector provides for the movable attachment of a conduit saddle to a connector body . the connector includes a connector body having an interior for accommodating the conduit . the connector body includes a body aperture therethrough . the conduit saddle is movably supported interiorly of the body for movement into engagement with the conduit . the conduit saddle includes a saddle aperture therethrough . an elongate screw having a head at one end and an elongate shaft is employed for attaching the saddle to the body . the screw includes a first shaft section and a spaced second shaft section . each of the first and second shaft sections include self tapping threads for self tapping respective engagement with the body and the saddle through the body aperture and the saddle aperture | 7 |
Context. XMM-Newton has observed the X-ray sky since early 2000. The XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre Consortium has published catalogues of X-ray and ultraviolet sources found serendipitously in the individual observations. This series is now augmented by a catalogue dedicated to X-ray sources detected in spatially overlapping XMM-Newton observations. <BR /> Aims: The aim of this catalogue is to explore repeatedly observed sky regions. It thus makes use of the long(er) effective exposure time per sky area and offers the opportunity to investigate long-term flux variability directly through the source-detection process. <BR /> Methods: A new standardised strategy for simultaneous source detection on multiple observations was introduced, including an adaptive-smoothing method to describe the image background. It was coded as a new task within the XMM-Newton Science Analysis System and used to compile a catalogue of sources from 434 stacks comprising 1789 overlapping XMM-Newton observations that entered the 3XMM-DR7 catalogue, have a low background and full-frame readout of all EPIC cameras. <BR /> Results: The first stacked catalogue is called 3XMM-DR7s. It contains 71 951 unique sources with positions and parameters such as fluxes, hardness ratios, quality estimates, and information on inter-observation variability, directly derived from a simultaneous fit. Source parameters are calculated for the stack and for each contributing observation. About 15% of the sources are new with respect to 3XMM-DR7. Through stacked source detection, the parameters of repeatedly observed sources are determined with higher accuracy than in the individual observations. The method is more sensitive to faint sources and tends to produce fewer spurious detections. <BR /> Conclusions: With this first stacked catalogue we demonstrate the feasibility and benefit of the approach. It supplements the large data base of XMM-Newton detections with additional, in particular faint, sources and adds variability information. In the future, the catalogue will be expanded to larger samples and continued within the series of serendipitous XMM-Newton source catalogues. <P />Based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton, an ESA science mission with instruments and contributions directly funded by ESA Member States and NASA.The catalogue is available in FITS format at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A77">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/624/A77</A>, and at the SSC web pages at <A href="http://xmmssc.irap.omp.eu">http://xmmssc.irap.omp.eu</A> and is searchable via XCatDB at <A href="http://xcatdb.unistra.fr/3xmmdr7s">http://xcatdb.unistra.fr/3xmmdr7s</A> and XSA at <A href="https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xsa">https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton/xsa</A>. | 9 |
an apparatus and method for configuring , altering , controlling , securing , and extending the processing capability and functionality of pcs using a nonvolatile memory device using software and data carried within the device . | 6 |
this invention concerns an image processing device for adjusting the density of an image and an image reading device incorporating the image processing device and aims to enhance the repeatability of pseudo - gradient without reference to density distribution of the image . the image processing device which fulfills the purpose of compensating the gradient of image data consisting of multivalue digital signals comprises means me1 to me3 for storing a plurality of gradient compensation data t1 to t3 having mutually different contents of compensation , means for detecting a contrast of an image on the basis of a group of image data conforming to one image , and means for switching the contents of compensation for the image data by selecting one of the three gradient compensation data t1 to t3 in conformity with the contrast . | 7 |
a printer is provided . the printer includes a platen that is operative to rotate and support a forwarded recording medium . a plurality of recording units are operative to freely move in contacting and separating directions about the platen and perform a printing operation in contact with the recording medium . a controller is operative to change a moving speed from the start of movement toward the platen and to the abutment to the recording medium in the recording units . | 1 |
a direct current bus management system can include a power management and distribution unit , having a source management section , a bus management section coupled to the source management section , a load management section coupled to the bus management section , a dc bus coupled to the power management and distribution unit , a plurality of dc sources coupled to the source management section and a plurality of loads coupled to the load management section , wherein the bus management section is configured to reconfigure excess dc power on the dc bus from the dc inputs from the plurality of dc sources based on a plurality of priorities , a plurality of feedback signals and a plurality of system parameters . | 8 |
a method for manufacturing a compound refractive lens for focusing x - rays in two dimensions . the method includes the following steps : 1 ) manufacturing a mother lens ; 2 ) manufacturing a daughter lens ; and 3 ) assembling the mother lens and the daughter lens . the assembly of the mother lens and the daughter lens includes : aligning square embedded lens bodies of the daughter lens with square holes of the mother lens , respectively , for allowing the first parabola - shaped holes on the mother lens and the second parabola - shaped holes on the daughter lens to form an orthogonal structure ; and inserting and pressing the square embedded lens bodies into the corresponding square holes , respectively . the method of the invention has advantages of high - precision for manufacturing and calibration of optical axis , and meanwhile the compound refractive lens manufactured based the method has high x - rays focusing efficiency . | 6 |
interference is cancelled from a baseband signal by synthesizing interference from estimated symbols in interfering subchannels . the estimated symbols are hard - coded , soft weighted , or zeroed , depending on the value of an estimated pre - processed signal - to - interference - and - noise ratio in each subchannel in order to maximize a postprocessed sinr . the estimated pre - processed sinr is obtained from averages of estimated symbol energies and estimated noise variances , or from related statistical procedures . | 7 |
Context. Investigating the dust heating mechanisms in galaxies provides a deeper understanding of how the internal energy balance drives their evolution. Over the last decade radiative transfer simulations based on the Monte Carlo method have emphasised the role of the various stellar populations heating the diffuse dust. Beyond the expected heating through ongoing star formation, older stellar populations (≥8 Gyr) and even active galactic nuclei can both contribute energy to the infrared emission of diffuse dust. <BR /> Aims: In this particular study we examine how the radiation of an external heating source, such as the less massive galaxy NGC 5195 in the M 51 interacting system, could affect the heating of the diffuse dust of its parent galaxy NGC 5194, and vice versa. Our goal is to quantify the exchange of energy between the two galaxies by mapping the 3D distribution of their radiation field. <BR /> Methods: We used SKIRT, a state-of-the-art 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, to construct the 3D model of the radiation field of M 51, following the methodology defined in the DustPedia framework. In the interest of modelling, the assumed centre-to-centre distance separation between the two galaxies is ∼10 kpc. <BR /> Results: Our model is able to reproduce the global spectral energy distribution of the system, and it matches the resolved optical and infrared images fairly well. In total, 40.7% of the intrinsic stellar radiation of the combined system is absorbed by dust. Furthermore, we quantify the contribution of the various dust heating sources in the system, and find that the young stellar population of NGC 5194 is the predominant dust-heating agent, with a global heating fraction of 71.2%. Another 23% is provided by the older stellar population of the same galaxy, while the remaining 5.8% has its origin in NGC 5195. Locally, we find that the regions of NGC 5194 closer to NGC 5195 are significantly affected by the radiation field of the latter, with the absorbed energy fraction rising up to 38%. The contribution of NGC 5195 remains under the percentage level in the outskirts of the disc of NGC 5194. This is the first time that the heating of the diffuse dust by a companion galaxy is quantified in a nearby interacting system. | 9 |
a hard copy recording device for transferring images to media , the hard copy recording device including an engine , a controller , a first non - volatile memory , and a second non - volatile memory . the engine transfers images to the media in response to control signals . the controller provides the control signals to the engine based upon image data and a first non - volatile memory stores recording device system data accessible by processes executing at the controller . the second non - volatile memory stores a copy of selected portions of the recording device system data , the second non - volatile memory being detachably coupled to the hard copy recording device and capable of being coupled to a second hard copy recording device for downloading the selected portions of the recording device system data to the second hard copy recording device . | 1 |
an exercise apparatus includes left and right rigid connector links having first portions rotatably connected to respective cranks , second portions constrained to move in reciprocating fashion , and third portions connected to respective foot supports . intermediate links are also interconnected between respective cranks and respective foot supports . the resulting assembly links rotation of the cranks to movement of the foot supports through generally elliptical stepping paths . the connection points may be moved relative to one another and / or a supporting frame to adjust the size , shape , and / or orientation of the paths . | 0 |
this invention relates to a process for reducing the contaminants in condensate resulting from the conversion of bauxite to alumina . | 2 |
an object is to provide a sebum secretion inhibiting composition and a food or drink product using the same . the present inventors have conducted extensive studies and consequently found that the sebum secretion is inhibited by orally ingesting a collagen peptide , which is hydrolyzed collagen , and provide an oral sebum secretion inhibiting composition comprising a collagen hydrolysate and a food or drink product containing the composition . | 0 |
Thanks to its high spectral resolution (∼5 eV at 6 keV), the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board Hitomi enables us to measure the detailed structure of spatially resolved emission lines from highly ionized ions in galaxy clusters for the first time. In this series of papers, using the SXS we have measured the velocities of gas motions, metallicities and the multi-temperature structure of the gas in the core of the Perseus Cluster. Here, we show that when inferring physical properties from line emissivities in systems like Perseus, the resonant scattering effect should be taken into account. In the Hitomi waveband, resonant scattering mostly affects the Fe XXV Heα line (w)—the strongest line in the spectrum. The flux measured by Hitomi in this line is suppressed by a factor of ∼1.3 in the inner ∼30 kpc, compared to predictions for an optically thin plasma; the suppression decreases with the distance from the center. The w line also appears slightly broader than other lines from the same ion. The observed distortions of the w line flux, shape, and distance dependence are all consistent with the expected effect of the resonant scattering in the Perseus core. By measuring the ratio of fluxes in optically thick (w) and thin (Fe XXV forbidden, Heβ, Lyα) lines, and comparing these ratios with predictions from Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, the velocities of gas motions have been obtained. The results are consistent with the direct measurements of gas velocities from line broadening described elsewhere in this series, although the systematic and statistical uncertainties remain significant. Further improvements in the predictions of line emissivities in plasma models, and deeper observations with future X-ray missions offering similar or better capabilities to the Hitomi SXS, will enable resonant scattering measurements to provide powerful constraints on the amplitude and anisotropy of cluster gas motions. | 9 |
in order to enable simple , low - cost monitoring of a motor , a switch box cover for the motor , a condition monitoring system has a sensor unit for detecting a measured variable of the motor , a communication device , which is designed to provide a characteristic value that characterizes the measured variable to a reading device , and a supply unit for supplying the sensor unit with energy . | 6 |
a superimposing apparatus and method for broadcasting a 3dcg image can calculate and superimpose additional information such as characters and figures expressed by a 3dcg image on a tv frame in real time by combining a general three - dimensional graphics accelerator board and a conventional tv broadcasting hardware and devising a software processing . the superimposing apparatus performs a rendering process for rendering a 3dcg image datum by a three - dimensional graphics accelerator and a mixing process for mixing a 3dcg image and an input tv signal by a superimposer . the rendering process is carried out concurrently with the mixing process . a frame to be mixed is a previous frame advanced by one frame from a frame to be concurrently rendered . a system memory to be read out is changed to even frames and odd frames in accordance with an input tv signal so as to avoid an interference of rendering and superimposing . | 6 |
Excited to share this workflow in preparation for submission to PNAS. Test drainage density across the Northern Hemisphere from start to finish with a Google Earth Engine account and these Jupyter notebooks! | 9 |
Bulk quantum fields are often said to contribute to the generalized entropy A/4 G<SUB>N</SUB> +S<SUB>bulk</SUB> only at O(1). Nonetheless, in the context of evaporating black holes, O(1/GN ) gradients in S<SUB>bulk</SUB> can arise due to large boosts, introducing a quantum extremal surface far from any classical extremal surface. We examine the effect of such bulk quantum effects on quantum extremal surfaces (QESs) and the resulting entanglement wedge in a simple two-boundary 2d bulk system defined by Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to a 1+1 CFT. Turning on a coupling between one boundary and a further external auxiliary system which functions as a heat sink allows a two-sided otherwise-eternal black hole to evaporate on one side. We find the generalized entropy of the QES to behave as expected from general considerations of unitarity, and in particular that ingoing information disappears from the entanglement wedge after a scambling time β/2 π logΔS +O (1 ) in accord with expectations for holographic implementations of the Hayden-Preskill protocol. We also find an interesting QES phase transition at what one might call the Page time for our process. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a method to determine the lung clearance index or other indices of ventilation inhomogeneity of the lungs by combining two pulmonary gas exchange techniques ; inert gas rebreathing is used for rapid wash - in of the inert tracer gas and for accurate determination of the functional residual capacity by gas analysis alone . this is followed by multiple - breath wash - out for determination of the cumulative expired volume required to clear the inert tracer gas from the lungs , and calculation of the lci as the ratio between v ce and frc . the advantages of the method are i ) significant reduction of required test time , ii ) significant reduction of consumed gas mixture for wash - in of tracer gas , iii ) potential for further reduction of the use of tracer gas , and iv ) more accurate determination of the frc by gas dilution alone . furthermore the present invention relates to a corresponding system and computer - readable medium . | 0 |
a fastening device for fastening a movable element to a structure includes a support member and at least one belt retractor having a retractable belt and a fitting . the belt retractor may be fastened to a support member . the belt retractor is arranged in such a way that , if the fitting couples the structure and the movable element , the retractor prevents unrolling of the belt by more than a predefinable range if an external force , such as sudden mid - air turbulence acts on the movable element . thus , the movable element is secured . | 1 |
this invention is directed to a system that generates a sufficient level of electricity through access to a municipal water supply line to run a furnace during below freezing temperatures . the system includes an inlet that draws water from a water supply line . a first conduit , in communication with the inlet , transports the water into a dc generator that includes an impeller to generate electricity . water is then routed through a second conduit which then returns the water to the water supply line through an outlet . a solenoid valve may be positioned between the inlet and first conduit which remains closed when the electric grid runs normally but will open during a power outage to supply water to the dc generator . a lithium battery stores power created by the dc generator , which may include a voltage regulator and inverter to convert to dc . | 7 |
provided is an apparatus and method for receiving a differential space - time block code without estimating a channel characteristic using an additional training sequence in a wireless communication system using a plurality of transmission / reception antennas . the apparatus for receiving a differential stbc includes a detector for detecting a symbol from a received differential stbc using a trellis diagram and a viterbi algorithm , a deinterleaver for deinterleaving the detected symbol , and a decoder for decoding a signal deinterleaved by the deinterleaver . | 7 |
a method of assembling multi - fragment dna molecule , the method including : 1 ) constructing a vector system including an acceptor vector a1 , a first donor vector b1 , and a second donor vector b2 , and each of the acceptor vector a1 , the second donor vector b2 , and the second donor vector b2 including a multiple cloning site ; 2 ) introducing a first target sequence l m to the first donor vector b1 , m being an odd number starting from 1 , and introducing a second target sequence l n to the second donor vector b2 , n being an even number starting from 2 ; and 3 ) repeating 2 ) to assemble multiple fragments to yield a multi - fragment dna molecule . | 2 |
a hot wire air flow meter arrangement comprises a primary and an auxiliary air flow path defined in the air induction passage . a hot wire is provided in the primary air flow path for monitoring air flow rate therethrough . a flow restricting means is provided in the auxiliary air flow path for restricting air flow therethrough . the flow restricting means is selectively operative so that it is effective for restricting air flow in a low engine load condition to force the major part of induction air to flow through the primary air flow path and is not effective at high engine load range so as to minimize flow resistance for induction of sufficient amount of air to an internal combustion engine . | 5 |
a polysilicon resistor fuse has an elongated bow - tie body that is wider at the opposite ends relative to a narrow central portion . the opposite ends of the body of the fuse have high concentrations of n - type dopants to make them low resistance contacts . the upper portion of the central body has a graded concentration of n - type dopants that decreases in a direction from the top surface toward the middle of the body between the opposite surfaces . the lower central portion of the body is lightly doped with p - type dopants . the central n - type region is a resistive region . | 7 |
a portable storage apparatus is provided for use in connection with foldable camping trailers . the apparatus is suitable for mounting in an eye level or overhead position between a counter top and the ceiling of the trailer and can be adapted to conform to various trailer dimensions . the apparatus can be removed from the eye level or overhead position for use in portable applications or for positioning on any suitable surface . | 1 |
a technique of carrying out communications between communication terminals on different lans while realizing reductions in the burden of account control and suppression in load on a server includes first and second relay servers on first and second lans issuing a registration request to a sip - server , respectively . a first communication terminal on the first lan issues a registration request to the first relay server while a second communication terminal on the second lan issues a registration request to the second relay server . the first and second relay servers exchange account information about the registered communication terminals with each other . when the first communication terminal generates communication data addressed to the second communication terminal , the first relay server selects the second relay server as a relay based on the exchanged account information to relay the communication data . then , the second relay server relays the communication data to the second communication terminal . | 7 |
a substantially spherical human living module or space has a plurality of pontoons projecting from its lower hemisphere . it is preferably arranged to be self - propelled , as a vehicle , and the pontoons are preferably extensible and retractable . in a version in which wheeled landing gear is provided , a spherical human living space is provided with helicopter blades and four jet engines at the bottom of the craft , and two jet engines on the right and left sides , which swivel for direction control , for propelling the device . | 1 |
an explosive composition is provided that is comprised of a heavy anfo and grain hulls . in one embodiment , the grain hulls are comprised of rice hulls . the grain hulls serve both as an inert bulking additive that reduces the density of the composition and as a sensitizer that reduces the energy needed to reliably detonate the composition . also provided is a method for manufacturing an explosive composition comprised of heavy anfo and grain hulls , such as rice hulls . additionally , a method of using an explosive comprised of anfo and grain hulls in a mining operation is disclosed . | 2 |
a mortar composition based on aluminous cement which provides an attractive ceramic tile - like surface gloss and other desirable properties including superb hardness , reduced water absorption , high strength , high acid resistance , and good heat and weather resistance , is disclosed . also disclosed is a molded article of manufacture which comprises the mortar composition , as well as fiber - reinforced mortar compositions and molded articles of manufacture made therefrom . | 2 |
a computed tomography system has a gantry with a rotor side that can be rotated around a system axis during operation , at which at least one x - ray tube is mounted . to cool the at least one x - ray tube a liquid cooling system is equipped with a fluid volume filled with cooling liquid , the fluid volume extends over distances of different sizes from the system axis . the fluid volume is located on the rotor of the gantry and thus is exposed to centrifugal force during operation . to increase pressure in the cooling system , a flexible compensation volume and a movable mass element that rotate with the gantry are provided . the mass element is arranged such that the centrifugal force acting on the mass element during operation causes pressure to be exerted on the cooling liquid . | 7 |
The transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038 is the first millisecond pulsar discovered to emit UV and optical pulses. Here we present the results of the UV and X-ray phase-resolved timing analysis of observations performed with the Hubble Space Telescope, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR satellites between 2014 and 2021. Ultraviolet pulsations are detected in the high luminosity mode and disappear during low and flaring modes, similar to what is observed in the X-ray band. In the high mode, we find variability in both the UV and X-ray pulse amplitudes. The root mean square pulsed amplitude in the UV band ranges from ~2.1% down to ~0.7%, while it oscillates in the interval 5.5-12% in the X-ray band. As also observed in the optical band, this variability is not correlated with the orbital phase. Notwithstanding the rather low statistics, we have marginal evidence that variations in the pulse amplitude do not occur simultaneously in the UV and X-ray bands. When the UV pulsed amplitude decreases below the detection threshold, no significant variation in the X-ray pulsed amplitude is observed. These oscillations in the pulse amplitude could be caused by small random variations in the mass accretion rate leading to a variation in the size of the intra-binary shock region. Finally, we find that the pulsed flux spectral distribution from the X-ray to the UV band is well fitted using a power-law relation of the form νF<SUB>ν</SUB><SUP>pulsed</SUP>∼ν<SUP>0.4</SUP>. This supports the hypothesis of a common physical mechanism underlying the X-ray, UV, and optical pulsed emissions in PSR J1023+0038. | 9 |
a retractable - type writing instrument has a tubular body having a longitudinal axis , a front end , a rear end , and a tip disposed at the front end . a writing medium is disposed in the tubular body for undergoing movement in an axial direction along the longitudinal axis . a clip has a first end portion is connected to the tubular body and a second end portion . an engagement member has a first surface connected to the second end portion of the clip , a second surface confronting the tubular body , and a pair of third surfaces extending from opposite sides of the second surface toward the first surface . each of the third surfaces is inclined at a given angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular body . an operating member is mounted in the tubular body for undergoing movement in the axial direction to move the writing medium between a withdrawal position at which the writing medium is withdrawn into the tubular body and a projected position at which a tip of the writing medium projects from the tip of the tubular body . an engagement body is connected to the operating member for movement therewith and for engaging the engagement member during movement of the operating member in the axial direction to lock the writing medium in the projected position . | 1 |
an fm stereo receiving system and a method for aligning phases of rf signals received by multiple antennas . the fm stereo receiving system includes two antennas for receiving rf signals having a common frequency but potentially different phases . the system also includes an fm receiver having a detector output and a pilot output on which a pilot tone , such as a 19 khz pilot tone , is present . a summer is included in the system for summing the rf signals and providing the summed signal to the receiver . the amplitude modulator of the system resides between one of the antennas and the summer to amplitude modulate the antenna &# 39 ; s rf signal at a perturbation frequency which is a whole number multiple greater than 1 of the pilot tone . the receiver thus produces on its phase detector output a phase signal having a frequency equal to the perturbation frequency and a magnitude corresponding to the phase error between the rf signals which is connected in a feedback loop to align the phases . | 7 |
in a code division multiple access communications system , a pn sequence generating device is provided to generate a pn sequence by interleaving of cyclically shifting the symbols of an orthogonal or biorthogonal code in accordance with a pre - defined hopping pattern . a receiver receives simultaneous signals from a plurality of transmitters , where each transmitted signal is spread by a pn sequence generated from the same pre - defined hopping pattern . the receiver is able to differentiate the received signals from each transmitter by varying the amount of interleaving or cyclic shift in each transmitted signal . in the pn sequence generating device , an orthogonal symbol generating portion cyclically shifts mutually orthogonal and periodic orthogonal code sequences , and an orthogonal symbol selector selectively outputs the cyclically shifted orthogonal symbols according to a predetermined pattern . | 7 |
an internally cooled mandrel is provided with regularly arranged copper fingers projecting into the inner flow space and leaving a recess adjacent the outer surface which is filled with buildup . these fingers are arranged in axial rows in which the pins are staggeredly positioned . | 1 |
a method , and corresponding apparatus , of imaging sub - surface features at a plurality of locations on a sample includes coupling an ultrasonic wave into a sample at a first lateral position . the method then measures the amplitude and phase of ultrasonic energy near the sample with a tip of an atomic force microscope . next , the method couples an ultrasonic wave into a sample at a second lateral position and the measuring step is repeated for the second lateral position . overall , the present system and methods achieve high resolution sub - surface mapping of a wide range of samples , including silicon wafers . it is notable that when imaging wafers , backside contamination is minimized . | 6 |
a spray nozzle adapter is used with a conventional spray nozzle having a nozzle plug for regulating the flow of fluid in response to a control lever . the spray nozzle adapter has an intake coupler having an axially extending cylindrical wall defining an intake orifice constructed to couple to the spray nozzle , a shaft coupled to the intake coupler and a valve assembly coupled to the nozzle plug and disposed in the fluid passage of the first shaft for controlling the flow of fluid from the spray nozzle in response to movement of the spray nozzle control lever . the valve assembly includes a valve and a lever coupled to the valve . the valve has a plug for controlling the flow of fluid from the outlet orifice . the lever is securely coupled to the nozzle plug of the spray nozzle to relay the movement of the nozzle plug to the valve . the spray nozzle adapter also has a cone - shaped deflector mounted to the intake coupler to substantially surround the shaft . the deflector is used to block the splashing of water and dirt and includes a plurality of rings axially interleaved and connected with elastic materials to allow the plurality of rings to retract thereby exposing the shaft . | 1 |
a unitized check valve assembly comprises : a valve body having a bore therethrough , the bore having an inlet and an outlet , a valve disk engaging said body at said outlet , a valve retainer engaging the body and surrounding the valve disk and the outlet ; a first biasing member in compression between the body and the valve retainer ; and a second biasing member in compression between the body and the valve disk . the flow passage between the valve seat and the valve is continuous around the circumference of the valve . in a preferred embodiment , the valve body and the valve disk each have a mating surface , the mating surfaces define an interface therebetween , and the interface comprises a portion of a spherical surface . | 8 |
with a process for manufacturing compostible thin - walled molded articles such as cups , plates , fast - food packagings , trays , flat sheets and the like , by applying a starch - based baking composition on the lower part of a multipart , preferably bipartite mold , to obtain a tough , durable article of high mechanical stability by using an essentially fat - free baking composition composed of water , a starch product , a release agent , and optionally further conventional additives , by baking the baking composition filling the mold , and by conditioning the resulting product to establish a moisture content of 6 - 22 % by weight , the invention proposes the use , in addition to or instead of starch , of at least one modified starch selected from the group comprising starch esterified with organic acids or phosphoric acid , etherified starch , cross - linked starch and starch capable of being modified by ionic interaction . | 8 |
this invention relates to a semiconductor memory having a high speed operation and a high integration density . when a high integration semiconductor memory is applied to a large scale computer system , storage data must be erased at a high speed for data security . the present invention erases the storage data by a method which is different from the write method of conventional prior art . in the invention , the erasing operation is made by continuously selecting word lines while sense amplifiers are kept in this on - state . the present invention includes a control circuit for attaining such an operation , and can be used for a semiconductor memory implemented in a computer system accessed by a plurality of users . | 6 |
a refrigerant recovery system including an interface connection to an existing refrigeration system high pressure relief valve , a check valve , a refrigerant recovery tank , and an interconnecting conduit . a schrader type valve is affixed to the recovery tank thereby permitting service extraction of refrigerant trapped therein . two pressure sensing switches are provided in the refrigerant recovery tank wherein a first switch has normally open contacts and is used to signal an overpressure event , and a second switch has normally closed contacts and terminates operation of the refrigeration system upon sensing an overpressure event . | 1 |
a tool turret has a hydraulically slidable interlocking or clamping member in alignment with the rotary axis of the turret head for interlocking or clamping the turret head to the housing and for charging the turret head with an axially reactive force by hydraulic pressure working on the interlocking or clamping member . the axially reactive force counters the axial force exerted by the interlocking or clamping member on the turret head . a hydraulically slidable piston slides relative to the housing and exerts on the turret head in its interlocked or clamped state a force applied in the same direction as the reactive force . | 8 |
the system enables an advertiser to target a message to a specific user based on a target profile . user profiles stored in the system are compared to the target profile in order to obtain a list of users to whom the targeted message should be served . the system then serves out the appropriate advertisements to those users when those users access the system or a branch of the system . a branch of the system may be a computer display or a cell phone or a computer kiosk . | 6 |
the invention is directed towards a furnace comprising a panel and filter assembly . at least two z - shaped brackets and two flanges are used to retain a filter directly behind the front panel of the furnace . this allows for easy removal and installation of filters in the furnace . it further allows for the use of commercially available disposable filters . | 1 |
in a method and apparatus for controlling the deployment of a towline connecting a mooring craft to an ejected object comprising the steps of monitoring velocity to determine when a point for optimum braking has been achieved and then engaging a brake system to retard deployment of the towline , a dc motor augments and controls the brake system . the dc motor further controls the retrieval of the object . a cutter mechanism uses a first blade to grip the towing cable to maintain tension thereon as a second blade cuts the cable . a spring biased boom in combination with spring biased fins on the ejected object rapidly deploys the object from its storage housing . a locking mechanism secures the deployment mechanism in a stable locked position upon the object reaching its fully extended position . | 8 |
Galaxies obey a number of empirical correlations between their radio, γ-ray, and infrared emission, but the physical origins of these correlations remain uncertain. Here, we use the CONGRUENTS model for broad-band non-thermal emission from star-forming galaxies, which self-consistently calculates energy-dependent transport and non-thermal emission from cosmic ray hadrons and leptons, to predict radio and γ-ray emission for a synthetic galaxy population with properties drawn from a large deep-field survey. We show that our synthetic galaxies reproduce observed relations such as the far infrared (FIR)-radio correlation, the FIR-γ correlation, and the distribution of radio spectral indices, and we use the model to explain the physical origins of these relations. Our results show that the FIR-radio correlation arises because the amount of cosmic ray electron power ultimately radiated as synchrotron emission varies only weakly with galaxy star formation rate as a result of the constraints imposed on gas properties by hydrostatic balance and turbulent dynamo action; the same physics dictates the extent of proton calorimetry in different galaxies, and thus sets the FIR-γ-ray correlation. We further show that galactic radio spectral indices result primarily from competition between thermal free-free emission and energy-dependent loss of cosmic ray electrons to bremsstrahlung and escape into galactic haloes, with shaping of the spectrum by inverse Compton, synchrotron, and ionization processes typically playing a subdominant role. In addition to explaining existing observations, we use our analysis to predict a heretofore unseen correlation between the curvature of galaxies' radio spectra and their pion-driven γ-ray emission, a prediction that will be testable with upcoming facilities. | 9 |
the present invention teaches a method of forming a mosfet transistor having a silicide gate which is not subject to problems produced by etching a metal containing layer when forming the gate stack structure . a gate stack is formed over a semiconductor substrate comprising a gate oxide layer , a conducting layer , and a first insulating layer . sidewall spacers are formed adjacent to the sides of the gate stack structure and a third insulating layer is formed over the gate stack and substrate . the third insulating layer and first insulating layer are removed to expose the conducting layer and , at least one unetched metal - containing layer is formed over and in contact with the conducting layer . the gate stack structure then undergoes a siliciding process with different variations to finally form a silicide gate . | 7 |
Virial black hole (BH) mass (M <SUB>BH</SUB>) determination directly involves knowing the broad-line region (BLR) clouds' velocity distribution, their distance from the central supermassive BH (R <SUB>BLR</SUB>), and the virial factor (f). Understanding whether biases arise in M <SUB>BH</SUB> estimation with increasing obscuration is possible only by studying a large (N > 100) statistical sample of obscuration-unbiased (hard) X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the rest-frame near-infrared (0.8-2.5 μm) since it penetrates deeper into the BLR than the optical. We present a detailed analysis of 65 local Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) selected Seyfert galaxies observed with Magellan/FIRE. Adding these to the near-infrared BAT AGN spectroscopic survey database, we study a total of 314 unique near-infrared spectra. While the FWHMs of Hα and near-infrared broad lines (He I, Paβ, Paα) remain unbiased to either BLR extinction or X-ray obscuration, the Hα broad-line luminosity is suppressed when N <SUB>H</SUB> ≳ 10<SUP>21</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, systematically underestimating M <SUB>BH</SUB> by 0.23-0.46 dex. Near-infrared line luminosities should be preferred to Hα until N <SUB>H</SUB> < 10<SUP>22</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, while at higher obscuration a less-biased R <SUB>BLR</SUB> proxy should be adopted. We estimate f for Seyfert 1 and 2 using two obscuration-unbiased M <SUB>BH</SUB> measurements, i.e., the stellar velocity dispersion and a BH mass prescription based on near-infrared and X-ray, and find that the virial factors do not depend on the redshift or obscuration, but some broad lines show a mild anticorrelation with M <SUB>BH</SUB>. Our results show the critical impact obscuration can have on BLR characterization and the importance of the near-infrared and X-rays for a less-biased view of the BLR. *This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. | 9 |
a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display panel which achieves a reduction in sealing time and eliminates failure due to an excessive intake of a sealing material by utilizing a dip - type sealing apparatus capable of simultaneously sealing a plurality of liquid crystal injection inlets in a plurality of liquid crystal display panels . the liquid crystal display panel is fabricated by preparing first and second substrates , forming a sealant along the periphery of one of the first and second substrates , the sealant having an injection hole , introducing liquid crystals between the first and second substrates through the injection hole , and forming a sealing material in the injection hole by making dip - type contact between the sealing material and the injection hole . | 6 |
an apparatus and method for removing hairs from a region of skin , the apparatus including : a housing having an opening therein , the housing forming a cavity enclosing a volume of air when the opening is placed in contact with the region of skin ; a switchable heat source disposed within the housing that rapidly heats the volume of air to a temperature sufficient to destroy the hair by conduction of heat along the length of the hair to a follicle thereof ; and a power source that controllably energizes the heat source . | 0 |
a multi - phase proton conducting material comprising a proton - conducting ceramic phase and a stabilizing ceramic phase . under the presence of a partial pressure gradient of hydrogen across the membrane or under the influence of an electrical potential , a membrane fabricated with this material selectively transports hydrogen ions through the proton conducting phase , which results in ultrahigh purity hydrogen permeation through the membrane . the stabilizing ceramic phase may be substantially structurally and chemically identical to at least one product of a reaction between the proton conducting phase and at least one expected gas under operating conditions of a membrane fabricated using the material . in a barium cerate - based proton conducting membrane , one stabilizing phase is ceria . | 1 |
Magnetic reconnection is a key mechanism involved in solar eruptions and is also a prime possibility to heat the low corona to millions of degrees. Here, we present ultra-high-resolution extreme ultraviolet observations of persistent null-point reconnection in the corona at a scale of about 390 km over one hour observations of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imager on board Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The observations show formation of a null-point configuration above a minor positive polarity embedded within a region of dominant negative polarity near a sunspot. The gentle phase of the persistent null-point reconnection is evidenced by sustained point-like high-temperature plasma (about 10 MK) near the null-point and constant outflow blobs not only along the outer spine but also along the fan surface. The blobs appear at a higher frequency than previously observed with an average velocity of about 80 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> and life-times of about 40 s. The null-point reconnection also occurs explosively but only for 4 minutes, its coupling with a mini-filament eruption generates a spiral jet. These results suggest that magnetic reconnection, at previously unresolved scales, proceeds continually in a gentle and/or explosive way to persistently transfer mass and energy to the overlying corona. | 9 |
systems and methods are disclosed for summarizing a plurality of documents , by extracting sentence candidates from the documents ; dividing the documents into one or more groups ; selecting one or more discriminant sentences for each group using a discriminant criterion ; and generating one or more summaries for the one or more groups based on the selected sentences . | 6 |
an apparatus , system and method for delivering digital content wherein a digital content device can be selectively programmed with digital content specific to a user &# 39 ; s request and on - demand . | 6 |
a composition comprising 10 - 80 % by weight of a cellulose ether and a solvent selected from a water - soluble polyhydric alcohol , polyhydric alcohol ether , polyhydric alcohol ester , and ethanolamine is effective for purging extrusion and injection molding machines . the purging composition exerts a satisfactory purging or cleaning effect , but little abrasion effect , thus avoiding any abrasion of machine internal components by purging . even if part of the purging composition is left within the machine after the composition is discharged out , the residue can be readily removed . | 2 |
a substantially planar shipping container blank is configured for planar stacking to permit compact packaging but simplifies the ease of assembly into a triangular shipping container . the container blank is foldably divided into a rectangular longitudinal section , two end sections , and a closure tab . the interior surfaces of certain portions of the end sections are pre - mounted to the interior surface of the longitudinal section . by folding the longitudinal section of the blank along two pre - pressed longitudinal fold lines , the end sections of the blank automatically fold along pre - pressed angular fold lines to form a triangular shipping container . the container can thereafter be fastened shut by folding the closure tab along a third pre - pressed longitudinal fold line and affixing the tab to the exterior of the container . | 1 |
a photographic photosensitive element containing copolymers comprising 30 to 70 mole % of the recurring unit represented by the formula ## str1 ## wherein r 1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group ; and 70 to 30 mole % of the recurring unit represented by the formula ## str2 ## wherein r 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and m is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen , lithium , sodium , potassium and nh 4 ; in the most upper layer of the element , suitable for processing at temperatures of at least about 27 ° c . to form an image . | 8 |
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a massively multiplexed fiber-fed spectrograph that will make the next major advance in dark energy in the timeframe 2018-2022. On the Mayall telescope, DESI will obtain spectra and redshifts for at least 18 million emission-line galaxies, 4 million luminous red galaxies and 3 million quasi-stellar objects, in order to: probe the effects of dark energy on the expansion history using baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), measure the gravitational growth history through redshift-space distortions, measure the sum of neutrino masses, and investigate the signatures of primordial inflation. The resulting 3-D galaxy maps at z<2 and Lyman-alpha forest at z>2 will make 1%-level measurements of the distance scale in 35 redshift bins, thus providing unprecedented constraints on cosmological models. | 9 |
in a command transmission system , a maximum of n independent commands are supplied to a transmitter and are converted into different signals which are transmitted in series over a transmission line . when no command is present , a no - command signal is formed for transmission over the transmission line . when simultaneous commands are present , only command - associated signals are transmitted , cyclically and sequentially , over the transmission line , as long input commands are pending . at the receiving end of the transmission line , the signals are decoded and converted into signals which are manifested simultaneously on a plurality of output terminals . | 6 |
a cover assembly for a body - mounted soft structured baby carrier which provides protection from the elements via a hood for the baby being carried which has an outer shell configured in the shape of an animal , fantastical creature , video game character , superhero or princess , and is capable of being removably attached or secured to an existing chest - mounted soft structured baby carrier using upper and lower straps which attach to the upper and lower securing straps on the existing body - mounted soft structured baby carrier . | 0 |
a semiconductor wafer has a plurality of holes therein which correspond to pins of an electrical connector . the wafer includes circuitry thereon and contacts for making electrical connection to the pins . in such manner , the circuitry on the wafer can be used for a wide variety of purposes such as testing or modifying signals carried by the pins . the wafer can be installed in any common electrical connector pair without prior modification or preparation of the connectors and without impairing the normal fit or function of the mated connector pair . | 8 |
The surface abundances of the light elements lithium (Li) and beryllium (Be) reveal information about the physical processes taking place in stellar interiors. The investigation of the amount of these two elements in stars in open clusters shows the effect of age on those mechanisms. We have obtained spectra of both Li and Be in main-sequence stars in NGC 752 at high spectral resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios with HIRES on the Keck I telescope. In order to make meaningful comparisons with other clusters, we have determined the stellar parameters on a common scale. We have found abundances of Li and Be by spectral synthesis techniques. NGC 752 is twice the age of the well-studied Hyades. We find that (1) the Li dip centered near 6500 K is wider in NGC 752, having expanded toward cooler temperatures; (2) the Be dip is deeper in the older NGC 752; (3) the Li "peak" near 6200 K is lower by about 0.3 dex; (4) although there is little Be depletion in the cooler stars, it is possible that Be may be lower in NGC 752 than in the Hyades; and (5) the Li content in both clusters declines with decreasing temperature, but there is less Li in NGC 752 at a given temperature by ~0.4 dex. These differences are consistent with the transport of the light-element nuclei below the surface convection zone as predicted by theory. That connection to rotational spin-down is indicated by the pattern of rotation with temperature in the two clusters. | 9 |
an apparatus for securing a pair of elongated cooperative interlocking tapes to the corresponding edges of a pair of fabric pieces , for guiding the edge portions of the fabric pieces to an overlapping vertically aligned position , and for pulling and compressing the overlapping portions into interlocking engagement . the apparatus is particularly adaptable for stitching cooperative tapes of &# 34 ; velcro &# 34 ; to the opposed edges of fabric pieces , such as the margins of an opening in an edge panel in a sofa cushion cover . the overlapping edges with their opposed tapes are compressed into interlocking relationship so that the edges may be retained closed when the fabric pieces are subsequently stitched to other fabric pieces to complete a sofa cushion cover . | 3 |
a front end tuner for receiving tv signals and the like includes a frequency conversion circuit including a mixer for beating a local signal with received signals within a predetermined band of frequencies to provide selected signals within a predetermined band of frequencies to provide selected signals within a predetermined channel band of frequencies . a signal converter circuit generates digitally encoded signal representations of the selected signals . the frequency conversion circuit and the signal converter circuit are in a form of an integrated circuit within a semiconductor substrate . in a tv receiver , on - following digital processing of the digitally encoded signals is performed in a microcomputer . in one example a channel selection code is used by the microcomputer to synthesize the local oscillator signal and in another example the signal converter circuit is a codec , responsive to codes from the microprocessor , to supply a control voltage for controlling a local oscillator . from time to time channel selection is automatically fine tuned . | 7 |
a shopping server proposal system includes a mechanism that enhances the online retailer &# 39 ; s existing database system with the necessary information to provide the desired services . the existing catalog of items is analyzed based on a set of predefined rules for a given retail store . this analysis determines which of the items in the catalog are related to other items in the catalog . the result of this analysis includes new relations of the catalog items that are written into the retailer &# 39 ; s existing database system . the mechanism for assembling this information , based on a set of predefined rules , is independent of the retailer or the retailer &# 39 ; s industry . the provides retail businesses with a competitive edge by enabling them to offer automated shopping advice to solve the shoppers &# 39 ; problems of finding related and matching items , and by providing a list of related items based on the selected item &# 39 ; s properties . | 6 |
the inflatable basketball structure includes an inflatable basketball backboard , an inflatable basketball rim , a basketball net , an inflatable supporting pole , and an inflatable safety enclosure . the inflatable basketball structure on a trampoline allows height challenged users the opportunity to slam - dunk and otherwise fulfill athletic basketball fantasies in a safe environment . | 0 |
an epb shield machine without disc cutter , which includes a partition unit formed by a moveable partition member and a stationary partition member , a front shield unit including a cutting unit with cutting head and cutting teeth , a shaft member connected to the cutting head and a power transmission unit formed by a transfer case , a reducer and a driving motor . in the power transmission unit at an upper portion of the machine , the transfer case is fixedly to the moveable partition member , a sliding arrangement supports the reducer and the driving motor , which are connected to the transfer case is connected to the sliding arrangement . the machine has advantages of high cutting efficiency , balanced service life , high directional construability and high adaptability to tunnel cross section . | 4 |
a stuffing gland for shafts subject to relatively high pressures and comprising a collar disposed around the outer periphery of the stem and having one side thereof open to the high pressure acting on the stem , a passageway communicating the high pressure from the one side of the collar to the opposite side thereof for applying an equal and opposite force against the collar for equalization of the pressures acting on the shaft whereby the shaft may be freely rotated about its own longitudinal axis . | 5 |
We present an expanded sample of 75 Milky Way Cepheids with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, which we use to recalibrate the extragalactic distance ladder and refine the determination of the Hubble constant. All HST observations were obtained with the same instrument (WFC3) and filters (F555W, F814W, F160W) used for imaging of extragalactic Cepheids in Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) hosts. The HST observations used the WFC3 spatial scanning mode to mitigate saturation and reduce pixel-to-pixel calibration errors, reaching a mean photometric error of 5 millimags per observation. We use new Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, greatly improved since DR2, and the period-luminosity (P-L) relation of these Cepheids to simultaneously calibrate the extragalactic distance ladder and to refine the determination of the Gaia EDR3 parallax offset. The resulting geometric calibration of Cepheid luminosities has 1.0% precision, better than any alternative geometric anchor. Applied to the calibration of SNe Ia, it results in a measurement of the Hubble constant of 73.0 ± 1.4 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>, in good agreement with conclusions based on earlier Gaia data releases. We also find the slope of the Cepheid P-L relation in the Milky Way, and the metallicity dependence of its zero-point, to be in good agreement with the mean values derived from other galaxies. In combination with the best complementary sources of Cepheid calibration, we reach 1.8% precision and find H<SUB>0</SUB> = 73.2 ± 1.3 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>, a 4.2σ difference with the prediction from Planck CMB observations under ΛCDM. We expect to reach ∼1.3% precision in the near term from an expanded sample of ∼40 SNe Ia in Cepheid hosts. | 9 |
a fluid end assembly comprising a fluid end housing with multiple discharge manifold ports . embodiments of the disclosure provide a fluid end assembly that overcomes problems associated with prior art single port discharge manifold designs that result in non - symmetrical flow of discharged fluids through the fluid end discharge valves , resulting in premature failure of said valves . the multiple port manifolds of the present disclosure overcome problems associated with non - symmetrical flow of discharged fluids through a fluid end discharge valve , thereby improving valve life and performance . | 5 |
a method and apparatus control a power converter of an ac motor drive system . the method and apparatus : generate a field current regulating signal to control a field current component flowing from the power converter to the ac motor , thereby achieving field current regulation ; generate a torque current regulating signal to control a torque current component flowing from the power converter to the ac motor , thereby achieving torque current regulation , the torque current regulation having lower priority than the field current regulation ; and execute a close - loop field weakening control scheme , which generates a field weakening control command as a function of the difference between a torque current regulation voltage demand and voltage available for torque current regulation . the field current regulating signal is adjusted in accordance with the field weakening control signal to selectively reduce back emf of the ac motor , thereby enabling the step of generating a toque current regulating signal to achieve a toque current component needed to drive the ac motor at a desired speed despite a limitation on dc voltage available to the power converter . | 7 |
While the mission's primary goal was focused on exoplanet detection and characterization, Kepler made and continues to make extraordinary advances in stellar physics. Stellar rotation and magnetic activity are no exceptions. Kepler allowed for these properties to be determined for tens of thousands of stars from the main sequence up to the red giant branch. From photometry, this can be achieved by investigating the brightness fluctuations due to active regions, which cause surface inhomogeneities, or through asteroseismology as oscillation modes are sensitive to rotation and magnetic fields. This review summarizes the rotation and magnetic activity properties of the single main-sequence solar-like stars within the Kepler field. We contextualize the Kepler sample by comparing it to known transitions in the stellar rotation and magnetic-activity evolution, such as the convergence to the rotation sequence (from the saturated to the unsaturated regime of magnetic activity) and the Vaughan-Preston gap. While reviewing the publicly available data, we also uncover one interesting finding related to the intermediate-rotation gap seen in Kepler and other surveys. We find evidence for this rotation gap in previous ground-based data for the X-ray luminosity. Understanding the complex evolution and interplay between rotation and magnetic activity in solar-like stars is crucial, as it sheds light on fundamental processes governing stellar evolution, including the evolution of our own Sun. | 9 |
a camper shell mounting rail is formed from two pieces , one of which retains one side of the lower terminus of the side - wall of the camper shell , and the other piece retains the other side . fasteners such as rivets or screws enter the mounting rail from the bottom and secure the two pieces together , while , at the same time , clamping the sidewall of the camper shell between the two pieces . | 1 |
Minor bugfix release that corrects a problem occurring only in python 2.7 which could lead to wrong coordinates of 3D masks derived with mask_3D and mask_3D_geopandas. It's recommended that users of regionmask v0.6.1 and python 2.7 update to the new version. | 9 |
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