text
stringlengths 12
51.9k
| label
int64 0
9
|
|---|---|
a module type forming machine having a central driving wheel gear rotatable about a horizontal axis and disposed behind a working table extending in a vertical plane , and a plurality of slide units including slides which are arranged radially around the central driving wheel gear and which carry forming tools at their radially inner ends , the slides being linearly slidable in the radial directions by the operation of the respective pinions meshing with the central driving wheel gear . the forming machine further has a base detachably attached to a lateral side of the frame of the forming machine , the base carrying an upper shaft and a lower shaft and a plurality of working units adapted to be driven by the upper or the lower shaft so as to perform linear vertical working motions and arranged in a side - by - side fashion . the forming machine can conduct a variety of works by virtue of provision of two shafts on the base and can cope with demands for various forming operations having different number of steps owing to the detachable nature of the base . | 1 |
a car seat storage providing an area of space for storage of loose items within a vehicle . the car seat storage system has a bottom panel connected to two side panels and a front panel . a tuck strip is an extension of the bottom panel , and is used to secure the bottom panel to space between the seat back and the seat bottom . additional straps and hooks are used to secure the storage system to the seat . the front panel overhangs the front edge of the seat . the front panel is a padded or reinforced panel which presses against the front of the seat edge in the event of an abrupt stopping of the vehicle . the force exerted against the front panel in response assists in maintaining the front panel in an upright position . the seat storage system is configurable to join two seat storage systems in a expanded configuration . | 1 |
a resource management system may use information regarding the bandwidth status of a downstream communication path to determine what portion of queued content should be sent in the current available bandwidth timeslot . in some embodiments , multiple versions of the same requested content may be available , and the system may select a lower - quality version to send if needed to meet a time deadline included in the original content request . | 7 |
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence at radio frequencies has largely been focused on continuous-wave narrowband signals. We demonstrate that broadband pulsed beacons are energetically efficient compared to narrowband beacons over longer operational timescales. Here, we report the first extensive survey searching for such broadband pulsed beacons toward 1883 stars as a part of the Breakthrough Listen's search for advanced intelligent life. We conducted 233 hr of deep observations across 4-8 GHz using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope and searched for three different classes of signals with artificial (or negative) dispersion. We report a detailed search-leveraging a convolutional neural network classifier on high-performance GPUs-deployed for the very first time in a large-scale search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence. Due to the absence of any signal-of-interest from our survey, we place a constraint on the existence of broadband pulsed beacons in our solar neighborhood: ≲1 in 1000 stars have transmitter power densities ≳10<SUP>5</SUP> W Hz<SUP>-1</SUP> repeating ≤500 s at these frequencies. | 9 |
systems and methods of increasing blood flow in a blood vessel with ultraluminal plaque . one disclosed method includes inserting an imaging guidewire into the blood vessel to the intraluminal plaque , propelling a catheter with a working head over the guidewire towards the distal end of the guidewire , scanning with the imaging guidewire to generate a cross - section image , radially positioning the catheter using a positioning element , monitoring the image to ascertain that the working head is properly positioned and operating the working head to remove the plaque . a computerized system designed , constructed and configured to perform the methods is further disclosed . | 0 |
a transmission / reception beamformer output provided with point spread functions having different wave number vector directions is used to obtain a compound image that is highly isochronous and sufficiently blurring - resistant . | 6 |
semiconductor micro - and nanotubes allow the incorporation of ordered structures such as quantum wells and quantum dots into them providing the potential for ultralow threshold micro - and nanoscale lasers for use in applications such as future ultrahigh - speed photonic systems as well as quantum information processing . according to the invention a means of manufacturing these with high reproducibility , low processing complexity , and at high densities is provided . also provided is a means of releasing these micro - and nanotubes with low stress and a method of “ pick - and - place ” allowing micro - and nanotubes to be exploited in devices integrated on substrates that are either incompatible with the manufacturing technique or where the area of substrate required to manufacture them is detrimental to the cost or performance of the circuit . | 7 |
First bug fix release for 1.5.x series. | 9 |
a system for tracking mobile subscribers , the system includes an aircraft having an on - board virtual bts that substitutes for a stationary bts . the virtual bts emulates a behavior of the stationary bts so as to be indistinguishable from the stationary bts to the mobile device , including emulation of communication protocols and billing operations the virtual bts communicate with the mobile devices . the virtual bts includes a processor running software defined radio and a signal amplifier , the sdr receiving identifiers of the mobile devices . the aircraft includes a high - gain antenna for determining directions of signals from the mobile devices . a camera on board the aircraft takes images or video of an area on the ground . the processor collects and processes the images or video , the directions of the signals and the identifiers of the mobile devices to locate a specific subscriber . the processor transmits the processed information to a server . | 7 |
the present application discloses a method for manufacturing a gate - all - around field effect transistor , comprising the steps of forming a suspended fin in a semiconductor substrate ; forming a gate stack around the fin ; and forming source / drain regions in the fin on both sides of the gate stack , wherein an isolation dielectric layer is formed in a portion of the semiconductor substrate which is adjacent to bottom of both the fin and the gate stack . the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a gate - all - around device on a bulk silicon substrate , which suppress a self - heating effect and a floating - body effect of the soi substrate , and lower a manufacture cost . the inventive method is a conventional top - down process with respect to a reference plane , which can be implemented as a simple manufacture process , and is easy to be integrated into and compatible with a planar cmos process . the inventive method suppresses a short channel effect and promotes miniaturization of mosfets . | 7 |
a telecommunications network for mobile users includes a user subsystem and a transport subsystem connected to an access subsystem . the access subsystem provides a user access communications interface and a transport access communications interface for exchange of information among the subsystems . the access subsystem is identified with a coverage area of the cellular telecommunication network . the access subsystem is associated with interconnection means in order to receive second information signals broadcast from one or more geostationary satellites and send them via the telecommunications network for mobile users to users located within the coverage area of the mobile telecommunications network . | 7 |
in the case where a magnetic transfer process is used to record a specific magnetic pattern during the magnetic disk manufacturing process , a read / write tester for conducting a glide height test and a read / write test and a particle testing means are provided at the front section of a magnetic transfer device . the tester records a specific magnetic pattern onto a magnetic disk in a magnetic transfer method . an optical testing device , a read / write tester for conducting a glide height test , and a read / write test in sampling are provided at the rear section of the device . this enables the detection of consecutive disk abnormalities caused by particles , which are adhered a master disk or put between the magnetic disk and the master disk . a transfer quality control device collects the results of the respective tests , so that the quality can be controlled using the results . accordingly , the present invention assures the desired quality of a magnetic disk produced after transfer . | 6 |
a power efficient multiplexer . in accordance with a first embodiment , a power efficient multiplexer comprises a transmission gate structure for selectively passing one of a plurality of input signals and a stacked inverter circuit for inverting the one of a plurality of input signals . both the stacked inverter and the transmission gate provide beneficial reductions in static power consumption in comparison to conventional multiplexer designs . | 7 |
techniques are provided for producing two output voltages that are substantially symmetric about a middle voltage , based on a digital data value stored in a register . a first output voltage is produced based on the digital data value stored in the register . additionally , the digital data value stored in the register is converted to a second digital data value , which is used to produce a second output voltage that is substantially symmetric about vcom with the first output voltage . alternatively , the digital data value stored in the register is provided to two different dacs that have their pair of reference voltages swapped , which will result in the outputs of the dacs being substantially symmetric about vcom . | 6 |
power measurement and control in transmission systems are affected by changes in load conditions . a method and system are provided for detecting and controlling power levels independent of such load conditions . | 6 |
the invention relates to a transparent , biaxially oriented polyester film with a base layer b which is composed of at least 80 % by weight of a thermoplastic polyester , and with at least one outer layer a . another polymeric layer made from a copolymer crosslinked using an acrylic and / or methacrylic compound , has been applied to that side of the film opposite to the outer layer a . the film has low oxygen transmission and exhibits very good adhesion between the respective layers . the coated film moveover has low coefficient of friction , excellent windability , and excellent antistatic performance . it is particularly suitable for packaging purposes , specifically for packaging foodstuffs or other consumable items . the invention further relates to a process for the production of the film . | 1 |
a system that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include , for example , a method for scanning wireless signals in a wide frequency band , measuring power levels in narrow frequency bands from the wireless signals , determining a threshold according to an average wideband power level or at least a portion of the power levels in the narrow frequency bands , detecting from the wireless signals a narrow band interferer based on the threshold , and initiating a strategy for responding to interference in the wide frequency band caused by the detected narrow band interferer . other embodiments are disclosed . | 7 |
improvements in an ejector - less vacuum creation pump using suction from a low vibration and noise eddy pump to create vacuum from the suction side of the pump volute where a liquid tornado effect feeds into an eddy current effect located in the tornado center . low heat is transferred to the fluid used to create the vacuum . the piping provides a fully open looped system , enabling self - priming of the pump where 2 ″ solid objects can pass thru the pump without clogging or plugging the pump . fluid can be pumped in any direction with up to a 4 psi head pressure using the pump as a dedicated discharge pump and for quicker discharging of a vcht tank at increased head pressures . this pump implement continuous vacuum creation , maintaining 18 hg with a vacuum release valve to prevent build - up of urine crystals and other pipe clogging issues . | 5 |
the invention provides an electric vehicle controller in which the generated motor torque is limited when the voltage of the vehicle battery decreases during running , in order to suppress over - discharge of the battery . a high torque can be obtained for a short period , however , even in the torque limiting period , and over - discharge is prevented by stopping electric power converting means in a final stage of discharge voltage of the battery . according to the invention , during operation of the vehicle , the battery terminal voltage is monitored and compared with a first comparison value v 1 . if the battery voltage falls below v 1 , a first counter commences measurement of the time period during which this condition continues . if the time period measured by the first counter reaches a preset value t 1 , torque limitation is initiated . in the torque limitation state , a torque command signal , generated by the control to operate the vehicle motor , is compared with the signal generated by the vehicle accelerator , and the signal having the lower value is thereafter used to control operation of the vehicle motor . in order to provide the capability to generate higher levels of torque for brief periods during torque limitation , the torque limitation process is terminated if the accelerator pedal is released completely . | 8 |
a dc braking system for an inverter - driven induction motor , . when a braking command occurs , the normal gating sequence of the inverter stops . mode 1 of the braking procedure starts . in mode 1 , two semiconductor phase switches of the group connected with one of the dc buses and the semiconductor switch of the third phase that is connected with the other dc bus are latched in a conducting state . the motor essentially receives dc current , which increases until it actuates a current limit device , clearing the latch . then all six switches are turned off . that drives the motor current through the back - biased parallel diodes . the negative dc bus voltage is available to suppress motor current despite large motor speed voltages . the apparatus repeats the mode 1 procedure for a predetermined time interval , after which mode 2 of the braking procedure starts . in mode 2 , just as in mode 1 , two switches of one bus and one switch of another bus conduct until an overcurrent limit is reached . then the one switch which is connected to a different bus turns off and its complement turns on , allowing motor current to circulate in the motor windings . this allows current to decay at a slower rate than it would in mode 1 . the procedure of mode 2 is repeated for a predetermined time interval . if the motor speed is below a predetermined threshold when the braking command occurs , mode 1 is skipped and only mode 2 is used . | 7 |
a light emitting display apparatus comprising organic electroluminescence elements which have photosensitive reading function is disclosed . an organic electroluminescence display apparatus comprises a plurality of organic electroluminescence elements arranged on a plane , driving means for driving said plurality of organic electroluminescence elements on the basis of an input signal to emit light from the organic electroluminescence element , light input means for irradiating the organic electroluminescence element with light , and reading means for reading out a voltage generated over the organic electroluminescence element in response to a light input from said irradiating means . | 6 |
a video system includes a central processing unit and a graphic processing unit including a plurality of processors therein . the system also includes a high definition imager ; a serial bus controller coupled to the imager , the cpu and the gpu to communicate data between the hd imager and the cpu or the gpu over a serial bus having a transmit differential signal pair , a receive differential pair and a compatibility differential signal pair for interoperability with another serial bus version ; and computer code executable by the processors in the gpu to encode in parallel the video transmitted over the serial bus controller and to minimize high definition encoding workload on the cpu . | 7 |
a polyester is a polycondensation product of a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component . in this polyester , the diol component includes a tricyclodecanediol of following formula : wherein n is 0 or a positive integer , and carbon atoms constituting a ring may each have a substituent , or the dicarboxylic acid component includes a tricyclodecanedicarboxylic acid of following formula : wherein m is 0 or a positive integer , and carbon atoms constituting a ring may each have a substituent . the polyester has high heat resistance , low water absorbency , excellent optical characteristics and satisfactory moldability . | 2 |
a technique for displaying topographical data , for example , on a screen of a portable hand - held device includes : optionally receiving gps signals and generating a digital output indicative of a position location of the display device in response to the received gps signals or inputting location data manually to produce an image on a display screen of the device in response to the digital output ; and storing true digital elevation data as compressed cells and decompressing on - the - fly only data needed to provide elevation data for an image area displayed on the display screen . | 6 |
a biosensor is for sensing analytes in a fluid . the biosensor may include a first structural layer having a first hydrogel , a second structural layer having a second hydrogel , and a bioactive region extending between the first structural layer and the second structural layer and having a third hydrogel . the biosensor may include a first electrode coupled to the bioactive region , and a second electrode coupled to the first structural layer and being spaced apart from the bioactive region . the second structural layer may have a through opening adjacent the bioactive region , and the bioactive region may be configured to be in fluid communication with an environment external to the biosensor for receiving the fluid comprising the analytes . | 0 |
a signal - seeking radio receiver is provided which utilizes a single crystal to establish a reference frequency and digital selection means coupled thereto , for selecting a plurality of predetermined and programmed frequencies from the plurality of frequencies in the high frequency , the very high frequency and the ultra high frequency radio bands that are monitored for broadcast signals on those predetermined frequencies . all of these predetermined frequencies are scanned and , when one of said plurality of predetermined frequencies carries a broadcast signal thereon , the receiver is operable to broadcast that signal in its entirety . the receiver relies upon a singular antenna configuration for reception of all frequencies in the three bands . the absence of a signal on one of the predetermined frequencies allows the receiver and the digital selection circuits therein to rapidly and continually scan the predetermined frequencies in any or all of the three radio bands until one of the predetermined frequencies contains such a signal . | 7 |
a battle play card game is disclosed . the battle play card game utilizes a card deck having multiple character playing cards each having an offense points section for displaying a numerical value for offense points and a protect points section for displaying a numerical value for protect points . in use , players sequentially play the cards offensively or protectively to add points to their own point total and / or deduct points from their opponent &# 39 ; s point total . | 0 |
a method and device for controlling sleep disorder breathing utilizes variable pressure . the compressor supplies air at a relatively low pressure to the user &# 39 ; s air passages while the user is asleep . a pressure transducer will monitor the pressure and convert the pressure into an electrical signal . the electrical signal is filtered and processed to compare it to the characteristics of waveforms that exists during snoring . if the envelope of the waveform exceeds an average threshold value in duration and in area , then the microprocessor will consider the envelope possibly associated with a snore . if a selected number of envelopes of this nature occur within a selected time period , then the microprocessor considers snoring to exist and increases the pressure of the compressor . if snoring is not detected within a certain time period , then the microprocessor lowers the level gradually . | 0 |
a card payment system includes a purchases assistance system linking online merchants of goods or services , including digital goods , with the operator of the card issuance system . merchants can use the purchases assistance system to seek help from the issuer for resolving disputes related to purchases of digital goods of which the provisioning may have failed , to trade better commercial terms from the issuer in exchange for providing details of products purchased by cardholders , to verify the balance of debit cards and request a reservation of funds from the issuer to lower their financial risks prior to certain types of transactions , or to signal to the issuer special loyalty rewards associated with specific purchases . | 6 |
an architecture for facilitating web - based client - side calendar event scheduling includes a web calendar scheduling tool which takes input via either a mouse and / or a keyboard to achieve a ) an internet personal organizer , b ) multimedia effects associated with scheduled events , c ) an internet groupware that shares group members &# 39 ; individual schedules , d ) an internet transaction associated with scheduled events , and e ) an open platform that supports any java applet . users of the web calendar can schedule events , associate a special purpose capplet ™ with scheduled events , and store them for future reference or public use . it features concurrent capplet ™ views running under one of four calendar grids : yearly , monthly , weekly , and daily . the architecture also supports multimedia animation in pop - up windows whose dimensions are defined dynamically by an invocation method . it is an open platform on which any user can create a special purpose applet and run it on the web calendar . | 8 |
the invention described herein relates to a novel process that eliminates the need for post combustion co 2 capture from fired heaters in a petroleum refinery to achieve environmental targets by capturing co 2 in a centralized facility and providing fuel gas low in carbon to the fired heaters . it combines the pre - combustion capture of carbon dioxide with production of a hydrogen fuel source within a refinery to drastically reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the plant . the hydrogen fuel is utilized for the process fired heaters and the fuel quality can be set to meet the refinery &# 39 ; s emissions objectives . moreover , the carbon dioxide captured can be sequestered and / or utilized for enhanced oil recovery . | 2 |
to prevent increase in stress on a soldered join between a terminal pin and a circuit board in the event of thermal expansion , a support with a larger diameter and a recess with a smaller diameter are formed on a terminal pin . an alignment plate is arranged to be movable with respect to a connector housing between a support position in which the support member is a close fit in a position fixing hole , and a release position in which the recess is a loose fit . this eliminates the increase in stress on the soldered portion due to differing rates of thermal expansion and contraction of the circuit board and alignment plate . | 7 |
We conduct frequency comparisons between a state-of-the-art strontium optical lattice clock, a cryogenic crystalline silicon cavity, and a hydrogen maser to set new bounds on the coupling of ultralight dark matter to standard model particles and fields in the mass range of 10<SUP>-16</SUP>-10<SUP>-21</SUP> eV . The key advantage of this two-part ratio comparison is the differential sensitivity to time variation of both the fine-structure constant and the electron mass, achieving a substantially improved limit on the moduli of ultralight dark matter, particularly at higher masses than typical atomic spectroscopic results. Furthermore, we demonstrate an extension of the search range to even higher masses by use of dynamical decoupling techniques. These results highlight the importance of using the best-performing atomic clocks for fundamental physics applications, as all-optical timescales are increasingly integrated with, and will eventually supplant, existing microwave timescales. | 9 |
The signac framework aids in the management of large and heterogeneous data spaces. It provides a simple and robust data model to create a well-defined indexable storage layout for data and metadata. This makes it easier to operate on large data spaces, streamlines post-processing and analysis and makes data collectively accessible. | 9 |
This repository contains the MATLAB analysis codes used in the paper titled "Proteomic and functional analyses of the periodic membrane skeleton in neurons". | 9 |
a method of polishing which includes rotatably supporting a workpiece , positioning polishing plates in such a manner that flat surfaces of the polishing plates oppose one another and are in contact with a surface of the workpiece , and polishing the workpiece by rotating the workpiece around a central axis thereof by use of a workpiece rotator . the method also includes reciprocating the polishing plates on the surface of the workpiece in a radial direction of the workpiece while pressing the workpiece between the flat surfaces of the polishing plates . | 1 |
an automated tape head assembly for a multiple axis tape laying machine includes a tape supply reel and a tape compaction roller . tape from the supply reel passes through the space between the two independent structures of the supply reel and compaction roller defining a tape path that substantially maintains a zero gaussian curvature of the tape . the tape path is a curved path referred to as a compliance loop that results from a substantially or partially unrestrained curved path between the supply reel and the compaction roller . this structure allows the compaction roller to shift laterally and vertically with respect to the supply reel while the supply reel is in a fixed position with respect to the tape head assembly generally . this structure also allows the compaction roller to roll , steer , and follow the fiber tape &# 39 ; s natural path , all with significant independence from the supply reel . | 1 |
in order to waterproof a terminal connecting portion of a sheathed wire , in which a terminal fitting and a bare conductor of the sheathed wire are connected with each other , the terminal connecting portion of the sheathed wire is placed into a molding cavity of a molding die such that a bottom face of the terminal connecting portion is closely brought into contact with one of inner faces of the molding cavity . then molten molding resin is injected into the molding cavity such that a bottom face of a solidified molding resin and the bottom face of the terminal connecting portion define an identical plane . | 7 |
invention as presently conceived discloses a spring - loaded , baited mouse / rat / rodent trap device having a zig - zag configured spring trap bar . although resembling a conventional spring - loaded mouse trap , the snap wire bar is not straight but has a “ z ” or zig - zag shape . the zig - zag snap bar provides for a wider capture surface area of as much as an extra half - inch , dependent upon the overall trap dimensions . the bar &# 39 ; s overall weight and wind resistance is still minor , and allows the bar to travel at a high rate of speed . the effective wider configuration makes it much more likely that the bar strike some part of the rodent &# 39 ; s body resulting in a higher trap or kill ratio . | 0 |
an improved photoelectric switching device for coordinate detection system comprises a first array of light emitting elements , a first array of photo - detecting elements for receiving the light from the first array of light emitting elements and producing a first block signal when the light is blocked by a stylus , such as a finger , a second array of light emitting elements , a second array of photo - detecting elements for receiving the light from the second array of light emitting elements and producing a second block signal when the light is blocked by the stylus wherein the light receiving surfaces of the second array of photo - detecting elements are aligned an angle , such as 180 degrees , with respect to those of the first array of photo - detecting elements , and a control means such as a microcomputer for driving the first and the second array of the light emitting elements and for discriminating the coordinates of the stylus on the display unit which displays a pattern having several regions allocated for certain control of optional equipment . therefore , the stylus can be detected even if there is an inadvertent operation in either of the first and the second photo - detecting elements due to a strong incidence of ambient light in the lateral direction . | 6 |
a non - impact keyless chuck suitable for use with manual or powered drivers is disclosed . the chuck comprises a body which carries a rotatable split nut having a relatively fine thread and a plurality of slidable jaws , which may be identical , driven by the rotatable nut . an anti - friction bearing is disposed between the rotatable nut and a bearing thrust ring mounted on the body . a clutch or torque limiting mechanism is provided to limit the tightening torque to a predetermined value while the loosening torque may be limited or unlimited . the front sleeve , and rear sleeve , if used , may be formed from a structural plastic to reduce manufacturing costs . a relatively soft elastomeric grip boot may be placed on the front sleeve to improve the grip and temporarily restrain and center the tool during chuck tightening or loosening operations . a relatively soft elastomeric grip boot may also be placed on the rear sleeve , if used . | 8 |
the invention relates to a corrugated , thermally insulated conduit for fluids , e . g . for district heating networks , wherein at least one medium pipe made of plastic or metal is surrounded by a thermal insulation layer , consisting of a polyurethane foam for example . the corrugation of the outer jacket made of plastic is formed such that both the corrugation valleys and the corrugation peaks are round , particularly circular . in addition , the corrugation is dimensioned such that the corrugation depth t lies in a range of 4 . 5 mm to 8 mm for a conduit outer diameter range of 63 mm to 202 mm . this shaping and dimensioning of the conduit results in very good flexibility and thus the ability to roll up the pipe for the transport thereof . | 1 |
The Tautenburg Solar Laboratory is a new solar observation facility to develop full-disc instrumentation for a new synoptic solar network. In the first phase, a ful-disc spectropolarimeter based on a single tunable etalon placed at the telescope aperture is developed. The development includes a container-based light feed system and optical laboratory, the instrumentation as well as calibration and data reduction pipelines. The ultimate scientific goal is the quasisimultaneous observation of spectral lines for synoptic studies and helioseismic investigations of the Sun. | 9 |
a method for determining transduction efficiency of baculovirus includes : providing a recombinant baculovirus , in which the recombinant baculovirus includes an inducible promoter and a reporter gene positioned downstream the inducible promoter ; adding the recombinant baculovirus to incubating environment of a mammalian cell for transduction ; adding an inducer to promote expression of the reporter gene in the mammalian cell ; and analyzing the percentage of the mammalian cell expressing the reporter gene to determine the transduction efficiency of the recombinant baculovirus . the method provides the ability to quantitatively analyze baculovirus transduction and is a simple and faster quantitative method applicable in transduction and other research study by including an inducible promoter and a reporter gene and thus prevents from imposing excessive metabolic burden to the cells . a method for determining virus dosage of baculovirus applied in genetic therapy is also disclosed . | 2 |
a combination tow and pressure relief valve for use in a hydraulic fluid circuit used in a hydraulically driven wide area lawn mower . the valve includes a cylindrical valve body having a hexagonal head . a slideable valve tip with a shank and a valve head has its shank slidably mounted within the valve body . the valve tip is biased by a spring to move in a direction away from the hex head . in operation , the valve is inserted into a suitable chamber placed in series with a bypass passage . the valve tends to block the bypass passage under steady state conditions . when a surge in hydraulic pressure occurs , as would occur in response to operator input or at startup , the hydraulic fluid overcomes the bias of the spring and urges the valve tip away from the otherwise blocked orifice which links the bypass passage to the chamber . opening the orifice tends to diminish the magnitude of the pressure peak and helps eliminate jerky starts of the mower . the spring eventually overcomes the reduced hydraulic fluid pressure and returns the head of the valve tip into a sealed relationship with the bypass passage orifice . a shoulder nut permits the valve to be secured at a fixed position within the chamber . varying the position of the valve within the chamber permits adjustment of the absolute value of the peak pressure which will be reached within the bypass passage . loosening the valve further permits its use as a tow valve , so that the associated mower can be moved without skidding of the mower tires or actually starting the mower engine . closing the valve further permits maximum operating pressure availability for larger and heavier equipment . | 8 |
an autonomous vehicle is disclosed . the vehicle comprises a chassis , two or more drive wheels extending below the chassis , a drive motor housed within the chassis for driving the drive wheels , and a payload surface on top of the chassis for carrying a payload . an illumination system , for emitting light from at least one portion of the chassis , is mounted substantially around the entire perimeter of the chassis . the illumination system may be implemented using an array of light - emitting diodes that are arranged as segments . for example , there may be “ headlight ” segments on the front left and front right corners of the chassis . | 7 |
communications bandwidth available to network servers and computers running client processes is allocated among connections available to those devices based on sets of priorities . those priorities include type of information being retrieved , how fast user connections can receive information , which part of a document is being transmitted , user identity , stored indicia indicating importance of the document and the state of application processes running on said computer . bandwidth is reallocated on an event driven basis upon arrival of a new request for retrieval , finishing sending information in response to a retrieval request , cancellation of a retrieval request , detection of the inability of a user connection to use all of the bandwidth allocated to it , a change of priority and timeout of a timer . | 7 |
a method of preparing a ribofuranose derivative essentially free of pyranose compounds includes a step of contacting a solution of mdr containing mdrp as an impurity in a solvent including methanol and / or tetrahydrofuran with at least one alkali metal periodate under conditions sufficient to oxidize at least a portion of the mdrp . mdr containing at most 5 wt % of mdrp based on the total weight of mdr and mdrp may be produced . | 2 |
a cover attaching structure in a connector includes : first and second locking portions provided on a first attaching member ; and third and fourth locking portions provided on a second attaching member which is attached to the first attaching member . the first locking portion is locked on the third locking portion from an outer surface side of the connector . the second locking portion is locked on the fourth locking portion from an inner surface side of the connector . | 7 |
The first stars are predicted to have formed within 200 million years after the Big Bang, initiating the cosmic dawn. A true first star has not yet been discovered, although stars with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium (‘metals’) have been found in the outer regions (‘halo’) of the Milky Way. The first stars and their immediate successors should, however, preferentially be found today in the central regions (‘bulges’) of galaxies, because they formed in the largest over-densities that grew gravitationally with time. The Milky Way bulge underwent a rapid chemical enrichment during the first 1-2 billion years, leading to a dearth of early, metal-poor stars. Here we report observations of extremely metal-poor stars in the Milky Way bulge, including one star with an iron abundance about 10,000 times lower than the solar value without noticeable carbon enhancement. We confirm that most of the metal-poor bulge stars are on tight orbits around the Galactic Centre, rather than being halo stars passing through the bulge, as expected for stars formed at redshifts greater than 15. Their chemical compositions are in general similar to typical halo stars of the same metallicity although intriguing differences exist, including lower abundances of carbon. | 9 |
The classical model of massive-star mechanical feedback is based on effects at solar metallicity (Z <SUB>⊙</SUB>), yet feedback parameters are very different at low metallicity. Metal-poor stellar winds are much weaker, and more massive supernova progenitors likely collapse directly to black holes without exploding. Thus, for ~0.4 Z <SUB>⊙</SUB> we find reductions in the total integrated mechanical energy and momentum of ~40% and 75%, respectively, compared to values classically expected at solar metallicity. But in particular, these changes effectively delay the onset of mechanical feedback until ages of ~10 Myr. Feedback from high-mass X-ray binaries could slightly increase mechanical luminosity between ages 5 and 10 Myr, but it is stochastic and unlikely to be significant on this timescale. Stellar dynamical mechanisms remove most massive stars from clusters well before 10 Myr, which would further promote this effect; this process is exacerbated by gas retention implied by weak feedback. Delayed mechanical feedback implies that radiation feedback therefore dominates at early ages, which is consistent with the observed absence of superwinds in some extreme starbursts. This scenario may lead to higher star formation efficiencies, multiple stellar populations in clusters, and higher Lyman continuum escape. This could explain the giant star-forming complexes in metal-poor galaxies and the small sizes of OB superbubble shells relative to their inferred ages. It could also drive modest effects on galactic chemical evolution, including on oxygen abundances. Thus, delayed low-metallicity mechanical feedback may have broad implications, including for early cosmic epochs. | 9 |
a machine for producing a number of lengths of fabric or similar material comprises a frame supporting a sub - frame for movement thereon . the sub - frame causes an adjustable winder comprising a shaft rotatable in bearings on the sub - frame and at least three supporting members parallel to but spaced from the shaft and spaced about the axis of rotation . the supporting members are carried by the shaft and the radial spacing thereof is variable to thereby vary the distance between the supporting members . at least one of the members has means for gripping one end of a sheet of material and driving means are associated with the supporting members to rotate the members about the shaft axis to thereby wind the sheet material around the members . | 3 |
the present invention relates to a new and improved football game comprising , a playing board with appropriate football field indicia , goal post means mounted on said board , ball means formed in the shape of a conventional match book cover or a partially flattened band and a marker means . | 0 |
an apparatus for processing wafer - shaped articles comprises a rotary chuck adapted to hold a wafer shaped article of a predetermined diameter in a predetermined orientation . the chuck includes a heater comprising a plurality of gas nozzles directed toward a surface of a wafer shaped article when held by the chuck . the heater comprises a gas inlet and at least one heating element for heating gas to be discharged through the plurality of gas nozzles . the heater is configured to heat a wafer shaped article principally by convective heat transfer from heated gas discharged through the plurality of gas nozzles . | 7 |
a circuit for producing a compensated output signal includes a first and second stage of amplification and and a compensation circuit . the first stage of amplification has a signal input , a signal output and a control input . the second stage of amplification also has a signal input , a signal output and a control input with the signal input of the second stage connected to the signal output of the first stage . a passive feedback network comprised of a series connected resistor and capacitor is connected between the signal input and the signal output of the second stage . the combination of the passive feedback network , the first stage and the second stage provide a gain and frequency response that is defined by three poles and one zero . the zero overlaps one of the poles thereby providing an extended frequency response . the passive feedback network varies the frequency response in response to manufacturing process variations . a compensation network is connected to the control inputs of the first and second stages and . the output of the compensation network varies in response to manufacturing process variations and compensates the variation of the frequency response due to the feedback network , thereby providing an amplifier having a frequency response independent of manufacturing process variations . | 7 |
an apparatus includes a feed cylinder having a first end port and a second end port . a feed cylinder is located within the feed cylinder and is movable in a drive direction in response to fluid pressure applied to the first end port , and is movable in a return direction in response to fluid pressure applied to the second end port . a feed pump selectively displaces fluid between the first and the second end ports . a variable overcenter device controls fluid pressure offset , independent of the feed pump , between the first end port and the second end port . an adjustment device automatically adjusts the variable overcenter device during travel of the feed cylinder in the drive direction to a value corresponding to an amount of force required to displace the feed cylinder in the return direction . the variable overcenter device may be either microprocessor based or mechanically based including an accumulator reservoir which builds to a certain pressure based upon the amount of weight of the drill string when the feed cylinder was last displaced in the return direction . | 4 |
secondary data set information is incorporated into a primary data set retaining a desired dynamic range and retaining the original primary set data quality . the secondary data set information is ‘ smuggled ’ into the least significant bits of the primary data set to result in an enhanced data set . if desired , the primary data word can be shifted toward the most significant bit . the enhanced data set may be viewed as if it were the original primary data set with existing playback devices , however it now includes additional ‘ smuggled ’ information which may be played back in coordination with the primary data set information . one example is flow - direction information ‘ smuggled ’ into an angiographic image . the least significant bits of the enhanced data words may be used to select the color map and color code the images . a user - adjustable intensity threshold can also be employed to select between color maps . information stored in this fashion results in a substantial savings in disk storage requirements . also , since the information of the primary and secondary data sets are merged into a single word , they will remain together throughout many different types of processing , such as maximum intensity projection in volumetric imaging . | 6 |
a motion simulation chair incorporates a base providing elevated attachment points for a number of support cables . a seat support is carried within the base and engages a seat for an occupant at a top end . the seat support has companion attachment points for the support cables at a bottom end . a control system incorporates a forward vertical control element constrained for three axis motion about a control point . a horizontal control element displaced upward from the control point and extending rearward from the forward vertical control element , engages the seat support . a control stick operated by the user imparts motion to the forward vertical control element about the control point . moving the horizontal control element alters the suspension angles of the cables providing a corresponding tilt of the seat support and seat for realistic simulation of motion resulting from inputs to a computer game by the control stick . | 0 |
a contaminated water disinfectant and method including a quantity of substantially dry soluble alkali metal ferrate particles . a porous sealed packet contains the particles in a quantity sufficient to disinfect a predetermined quantity of contaminated water by oxygenation . a quantity of substantially dry insoluble inert particles are also contained within said packet and are of sufficient weight to cause the packet to at least partially sink into the contaminated water . the packet is formed of a porous sheet material capable of passing oxygen and water therethrough while preventing undissolved ferrate and inert particles from passing from the packet and entering the water . | 2 |
a portable , lightweight , easy - to - carry , reusable , durable , and environmentally - friendly assembly for sterilizing contaminated equipment using conditions of a chemical sterilant , heat , and humidity generated in situ without requiring external electricity , fuels , or other exogenous energy sources for operation . the carry assembly includes a plastic carry - case or insulated aluminum pressure vessel having an inner chamber for accepting microbiologically contaminated objects , a vessel disposed in the chamber for serving as a reaction chamber and / or boiler , a chemical combination which upon mixing generates at least minimally sufficient conditions of the sterilant , heat , and humidity to effect sterilization of the objects , and outlet valves mounted on the carry - case for controllably venting pressures above ambient air pressure . | 0 |
hydraulically actuated arbor for finish machining thin walled cylinder such as internal combustion cylinder liner without deflecting from initial free state out - of - round condition including flexible teflon displacement shell and accurately adjustable means for displacement . | 8 |
a mixer - liquefier including a container that is readily assembled and cleaned by the user for accelerated performance and cleanliness in handling different quantities of liquids and solids with improved uniformity of results by maintaining a constant path and rate of flow of ingredients through a comminuting zone for a determined interval of time . | 0 |
a system or method for producing gasoline or dimethyl ether from natural gas via methanol includes : steam - reforming natural gas to generate reformed gas ; synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas ; synthesizing gasoline or dimethyl ether from the methanol ; and at least one is selected from the group consisting of : pre - reforming natural gas prior to the steam - reforming ; recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas generated in the steam - reforming ; and preheating combustion air to be supplied to the steam - reforming by using synthesis heat generated in the synthesis of gasoline or dimethyl ether . in addition , an overall energy balance of the system is constructed by using heat recovery from flue gas generated in the steam - reforming , heat recovery from the reformed gas , synthesis heat generated in the synthesis of methanol , synthesis heat generated in the synthesis of gasoline or dme , and heat recovered in the pre - reforming , carbon dioxide recovering , or air preheating , respectively if selected . | 8 |
a method and apparatus are provided for controlling system management interrupts is disclosed . the method comprises : receiving an interrupt signal ; determining a type associated with the interrupt signal ; using the determined type to access control information indicating an action to be applied to the determined type of interrupt ; and blocking , passing or remapping the interrupt signal in response to the control information . the apparatus comprises a memory , an interrupt unit and a logic circuit . the memory is adapted to store control information regarding a plurality of types of interrupt signals . the interrupt unit is adapted to receive the interrupt signal , and use the interrupt type contained in the interrupt signal to access the control information stored in the memory . the logic circuit is adapted to block , pass or remap said interrupt signal in response to the control information . | 6 |
a catheter for facilitating intracardiac atrial defibrillation that includes an elongated flexible member that has a proximal end and a distal end is disclosed . three spaced apart electrode arrays are secured around the periphery of the flexible member in a predetermined pattern so that a first electrode array is positioned within the superior vena cava , a second electrode array is positioned within the right atrium , and a third electrode array is positioned within the coronary sinus . alternatively , the third electrode array may be positioned in the right ventricle rather than the coronary sinus . electrical leads extend through the proximal end of the flexible member to supply electrical current to the electrode arrays , thereby defibrillating or cardioverting the heart . | 0 |
a method of reclaiming rubber from vehicle tyres that enables the high grade rubber in the tread portion of the tire to be collected separate from the lower grade rubber in the sidewalls and other areas of the tire . the method comprising separating the complete tread portion from the remainder of the tire and then removing from that tread portion the high grade tread rubber . thereafter the remainder of the tread portion and the sidewall and bead portion of the tire are each treated to separate the rubber from metallic and fabric reinforcement materials therein . the high quality tread rubber and lower grade other rubber are both removed in a particulate form . | 8 |
the invention is methods and compositions for removing bonding agents from the hard surfaces of machinery and , in its most preferred mode packaging equipment . the release composition comprises lecithin and a hydrophobic carrier . the method comprises the steps of applying a release composition to the surfaces of the packaging equipment . the packaging equipment is then used . any bonding agent deposited on the treated areas of the packaging equipment may then be removed . the invention is applicable to any number of package and container manufacture environments including package assembly , package sealing , product sealing , and labeling . | 2 |
systems have been used to combine exhaust gas and blow - by for internal combustion engines . the mixing of the oily blow - by and the exhaust , however , has caused carbon particles to cake within the walls of intake passages and near intake valves . the subject exhaust gas and blow - by recirculation system overcomes this deficiency by inducing the oily blow - by within a passage of a cylinder head . the passage is located in close proximity to one of the plurality of combustion chambers such that the high velocity or flow rate of the intake air reduces the time and effect of the reaction between the hot exhaust gas and the oily blow - by . the subject exhaust gas and blow - by system utilizes a director tube extending through a bore of the cylinder head . the director tube is orientated to enable the flow of blow - by to enter the intake air in line with the flow path . | 5 |
the present invention relates generally to a vascular access device having a septum positioned within a lumen of the device , the device further having a pusher for providing a fluid pathway through the septum . in particular , the present invention relates to systems and methods for improving flow of a fluid through the access device , while minimizing stagnation of fluids within the device . these systems and methods include various modified fluid pathways and interactions between the vascular access device body , the septum and the pusher . | 0 |
a device for reading sound waveform data has a waveform rom for storing waveform data represented as an amplitude in a time series . sound waveform data is repeatedly read from the waveform rom . the reading of a single waveform corresponds to a single period . a scale rom stores a plurality of frequency dividing ratios . a programmable counter divides a signal having a predetermined frequency in correspondence with a frequency dividing ratio output by the scale rom and outputing a clock pulse . a counter counts the clock pulses and indicates the addresses of the waveform rom . the scale rom changes the frequency dividing ratio data during an arbitrary divided period of intervals in the period for reading the waveform data . during the period for reading the waveform by the counters , the sound waveform readout has a single frequency and accordingly a single period . the waveform reading period is devided into m number of intervals . a particular kth divided period interval between 0 and m is adjusted to a longer or shorter interval than the remaining m - 1 period intervals to allow fine adjustment of an average period improving overall period resolution capabilities . | 8 |
The angle ψ between a planet’s orbital axis and the spin axis of its parent star is an important diagnostic of planet formation, migration, and tidal evolution. We seek empirical constraints on ψ by measuring the stellar inclination I<SUB>s</SUB> via asteroseismology for an ensemble of 25 solar-type hosts observed with NASA’s Kepler satellite. Our results for I<SUB>s</SUB> are consistent with alignment at the 2σ level for all stars in the sample, meaning that the system surrounding the red-giant star Kepler-56 remains as the only unambiguous misaligned multiple-planet system detected to date. The availability of a measurement of the projected spin-orbit angle λ for two of the systems allows us to estimate ψ. We find that the orbit of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b is likely to be retrograde (\psi =116\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {4}<SUB>-14.7</SUB><SUP>+30.2</SUP>), whereas that of Kepler-25c seems to be well aligned with the stellar spin axis (\psi =12\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {6}<SUB>-11.0</SUB><SUP>+6.7</SUP>). While the latter result is in apparent contradiction with a statement made previously in the literature that the multi-transiting system Kepler-25 is misaligned, we show that the results are consistent, given the large associated uncertainties. Finally, we perform a hierarchical Bayesian analysis based on the asteroseismic sample in order to recover the underlying distribution of ψ. The ensemble analysis suggests that the directions of the stellar spin and planetary orbital axes are correlated, as conveyed by a tendency of the host stars to display large values of inclination. | 9 |
We study the evolution and final dispersal of protoplanetary discs that evolve under the action of internal and external photoevaporation, and different degrees of viscous transport. We identify five distinct dispersal pathways, which are (i) very long-lived discs ($\gt 20\,$ Myr), (ii) inside-out dispersal where internal photoevaporation dominates and opens inner holes, (iii) outside-in dispersal where external photoevaporation dominates through disc truncation, and two intermediate regimes characterized by lingering material in the inner disc with the outer disc dispersed predominantly by either internal or external photoevaporation. We determine how the lifetime, relative impact of internal and external winds, and clearing pathway vary over a wide, plausible, parameter space of stellar/disc/radiation properties. There are a number of implications, for example, in high UV environments because the outer disc lifetime is shorter than the time-scale for clearing the inner disc, we do not expect transition discs to be common, which appears to be reflected in the location of transition disc populations towards the Orion Nebular Cluster. Irrespective of environment, we find that ongoing star formation is required to reproduce observed disc fractions as a function of stellar cluster age. This work demonstrates the importance of including both internal and external winds for understanding protoplanetary disc evolution. | 9 |
a portable , wireless patient monitor may be placed with the patient in the bore of an mri machine eliminating the need for separate cabling between the mri machine and an external monitoring unit . in one embodiment , the patient monitor may be attached to the patient &# 39 ; s shoulder by a harness or the like which may also serve to corral leads between the patient monitor and the patient . | 6 |
the present invention pertains to steel articles having improved wear and friction properties and the method of producing these articles . a steel surface containing relatively high levels of nitrogen and having a surface film containing carbon is implanted with high energy ions . overlapping layers enriched in carbon and nitrogen are formed beneath the surface and provide the steel with a surface that has improved wear and friction characteristics . | 8 |
Some surviving companions of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the white dwarf + main-sequence (WD+MS) channel may evolve to hot subdwarfs. In this paper, we perform stellar evolution calculations for the surviving companions of close WD+MS systems in the spin-up/spin-down model and the canonical non-rotating model. This enables us to map out the initial parameter spaces in the orbital period-secondary-mass plane in which the surviving companions can evolve to hot subdwarfs. Based on these results, we carry out a series of binary population synthesis calculations to obtain the Galactic birth rate of hot subdwarfs from the WD+MS channel, which is $2.3{-}6\times 10^{\rm -4}\, {\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the spin-up/spin-down model and $0.7{-}3\times 10^{\rm -4}\, {\rm yr}^{\rm -1}$ for the canonical non-rotating model. We also show the distributions of some integral properties of the hot subdwarfs, for example the mass and space velocity, for different models. In addition, by comparing our results with observations of intermediate helium-rich (iHe-rich) hot subdwarfs, we find that the hot subdwarfs from the WD+MS channel may explain some observational features of the iHe-rich hot subdwarfs, especially those from the spin-up/spin-down model. Although we expect that the SN Ia channel will contribute only a small fraction of the iHe-rich hot subdwarf population, some of these may help to explain cases with unusual kinematics. | 9 |
device for administering an injection is generally discussed herein with particular discussions extended to devices for stimulating a cavity below the skin and administering a dosage in the stimulated cavity and method of using the same . the dosage can be medication for health and / or cosmetic treatments . the device includes a housing and a needle mounted thereto . a vacuum source is in communication with the housing for creating a vacuum inside the housing while a power source is in communication with the needle for supplying current to the needle . the combination current and vacuum stimulates a cavity for injection . a vacuum source may also be used to advance a piston to discharge medicament from a needle mounted on a syringe . | 0 |
The first step for every machine learning algorithm in a computer vision problem is to extract features from the given images. Feature extraction is a critical step in any pattern classification system. In order for the pattern recognition process to be tractable, it is necessary to convert patterns into features, which are condensed representations of the patterns, containing only salient information. Features contain the characteristics of a pattern in a comparable form making the pattern classification possible. Feature extraction can be accomplished manually or automatically. Manual feature extraction requires identifying and describing the features that are relevant for a given problem and implementing a way to extract those features. In many situations, having a good understanding of the background or domain can help make informed decisions as to which features could be useful. Over decades of research, engineers and scientists have developed feature extraction methods for images. The features inlcuded in here are: Textural Features Morphological Features Histogram based Features Multi-scale Features Moments | 9 |
a greeting card having an audio message recording and playback device permits recording of personalized audio messages to be played upon opening of the greeting card . the recording device is operable in either a trial mode or a use mode . in the trial mode , which would be applicable when the card is displayed in a store , a potential purchaser may experience the functionality of the card by recording their own test message . the test message is played back initially for the potential purchaser but is not subsequently played back to be later heard by other potential purchasers . in the use mode , which the card may be switched to after purchase by removal of a trial mode panel from the greeting card , a user recorded message is played repeatedly upon subsequent openings of the card . the user recorded message may be followed by a prerecorded recording , such as a song . additional prerecorded messages , such as voice prompts with instructions for recording a message , may also be included . | 1 |
a thin , flat , self - contained electronic display unit of substantially the same width and length as a standard letter - sized sheet of paper , with a flat display screen , an input port for receiving data from a selected computer , electronic circuitry for storing inputted data and making it available to the screen , and command buttons or keys enabling the user to select stored data for display on the screen . | 8 |
in a magnetic recording system utilizing a non - return - to - zero format the reproduced recording is fed to positive and negative threshold detectors having no need for electrical hysteresis as well as , via differentiator means , to a zero - crossing detector . the signal from the positive threshold detector and one polarity of the signal from the zero - crossing detector are used to trigger a latch means to a first state to emit a signal having a first level , and the signal from the negative threshold detector and the other polarity of the signal from the zero - crossing detector are used to trigger the latch means to a second state whereby the signal emitted by the latch means is switched to a second level . | 6 |
a system for providing long term query refinement . low level information may be stored based on user feedback . there may be equivalence classes in an archive or memory which contain items from a query search which are labeled positive or negative by a user . labels may be stored in class pairs over previously run queries . there may be propagation of labels to other items in the same or other classes . there may be a refinement which aids in changing the query to one that indicates more accurately what the user wants . a result set of items may be formulated from which a user may select a new query . | 6 |
a supportive device for use as a wheelchair and a walker . a pair of handgrips are pivotally attached to a frame so as to have a rearwardly - facing position and a forwardly - facing position . a seat is pivotally attached to the frame so as to have a horizontal position and a vertical position . when using the supportive device as the wheelchair , a pair of front legs of the frame terminate in wheels , the seat is in the horizontal position thereof , and the pair of handgrips are in the rearwardly - facing position thereof . when the supportive device is used as the walker , the pair of front legs terminate in either wheels or caps , the seat is in the vertical position thereof , and the pair of handgrips are in the forwardly - facing position thereof . | 0 |
a protective front surface of a baby &# 39 ; s garment is integrated into a one piece garment for a young child . the protective surface does not dangle in front of the garment . the protective covering is made of a lightweight and flexible material for a young child to wear . | 0 |
in a preferred embodiment , a wireless mobile system implementing beam steering phased array antenna is disclosed having an array of antennas mounting on the wireless mobile terminal transmits unidirectional signals directly to the base station as opposed to transmitting multi - directional signals . the wireless mobile system implementing beam - steering phased array antenna , wherein the phases of the signals fed to the array antenna elements are varied by the phase shifters in small programmable step values calculated by the digital signal processor phase processor which causes the antennas radiation beam to be steered at angle θ . thus , improvements in beam steering for transmitting unidirectional signals directly to the base station will greatly reduce the energy required by the wireless terminal for transmitting signals to the base station . and , the effective result would achieve our green - energy technology requirements . | 8 |
a device for applying a topical anesthetic includes a body to be wrapped around a part of the patient to provide a conformed fit . when wrapped , the body has an inside surface facing the part where a holder for holding a topical anesthetic against the patient &# 39 ; s skin is provided and covered with a removable seal . the device can take a number of forms , such as a glove , a sock , or a tube . when wrapped , the device provides a comfortable and snug fit . the device has integral hook and loop regions for easy attachment and removal . | 0 |
a signal interpreting system for frequency - selective multi - frequency tone dialing includes a code tester and a code converter , and two serially connected delay means processing the output of said code tester and having an output controlling logic circuitry arranged in the output circuits of said code converter . | 7 |
Context. Molecular line ratios, such as HCN(1−0)/HCO<SUP>+</SUP>(1−0) and HCN(4−3)/CS(7−6), are routinely used to identify active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity in galaxies. Such ratios are, however, hard to interpret as they are highly dependent on the physics and energetics of the gas, and hence can seldom be used as a unique, unambiguous diagnostic. <BR /> Aims: We used the composite galaxy NGC 1068 as a "laboratory" to investigate whether molecular line ratios between HCN, HCO<SUP>+</SUP>, and CS are useful tracers of AGN-dominated gas and determine the origin of the differences in such ratios across different types of gas. Such a determination will enable a more rigorous use of such ratios. <BR /> Methods: First, we empirically examined the aforementioned ratios at different angular resolutions to quantify correlations. We then used local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE analyses coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in order to determine the origin of the underlying differences in ratios. <BR /> Results: We propose that at high spatial resolution (< 50 pc) the HCN(4−3)/CS(2−1) is a reliable tracer of AGN activity. We also find that the variations in ratios are not a consequence of different densities or temperature but of different fractional abundances, yielding to the important result that it is essential to consider the chemical processes at play when drawing conclusions from radiative transfer calculations. <BR /> Conclusions: From analyses at varying spatial scales, we find that previously proposed molecular line ratios, as well as a new one, have varying levels of consistency. We also determine from an investigation of radiative transfer modelling of our data that it is essential to consider the chemistry of the species when reaching conclusions from radiative transfer calculations. | 9 |
a cleaning tool includes a mop which includes at a lower end a mop head with a wiping object . the mop includes a mop rod formed of an inner rod and an outer rod and a drive mechanism is used to convert the telescoping motion of the mop rod to rotation motion of the mop head . the drive mechanism is a variable speed drive mechanism . as a result , the mop head of the cleaning tool achieves different rotation speeds under dry working condition with a lower resistance compared to washing conditions with a higher resistance . during washing , the mop head is washed rotationally at a lower speed , and the washing operation is conducted through depressing the mop rod . | 0 |
The binary star NY Hya is a bright, detached, double-lined eclipsing system with an orbital period of just under five days with two components each nearly identical to the Sun and located in the solar neighbourhood. The objective of this study is to test and confront various stellar evolution models for solar-type stars based on accurate measurements of stellar mass and radius. We present new ground-based spectroscopic and photometric as well as high-precision space-based photometric and astrometric data from which we derive orbital as well as physical properties of the components via the method of least-squares minimisation based on a standard binary model valid for two detached components. Classic statistical techniques were invoked to test the significance of model parameters. Additional empirical evidence was compiled from the public domain; the derived system properties were compared with archival broad-band photometry data enabling a measurement of the system's spectral energy distribution that allowed an independent estimate of stellar properties. We also utilised semi-empirical calibration methods to derive atmospheric properties from Strömgren photometry and related colour indices. Data was used to confront the observed physical properties with classic and magnetic stellar evolution models. | 9 |
the invention is directed to liquid crystal display and electro - optical devices having faster switching times , a wider viewing angle , continuous gray level , improved transmittance of the clear state , approximately no threshold voltage and low power consumption . the aspects of the invention are achieved by a liquid crystal device comprising an orthogonal nematic , smectic or columnar liquid crystal phase , which is uniaxial in absence of electric field , but becomes biaxial when electric field is applied normal to the director . this electric field induced biaxiality mode is provided using any dielectric orthogonal nematic , smectic or columnar bent - core liquid crystal phase . the nature of the switching is dielectric and does not involve variation of layer spacing variation , so as to be mechanically much more stable than prior systems . the high switching speed combined with a large change in the effective birefringence and constant optical axis of the liquid crystal materials provide useful features in various applications , such as liquid crystal television , beam steering , spatial light modulators , and a variety of other applications . | 6 |
a system and method is described for distributing light within a light guide which is used for illuminating the user interface of an electronic device . the light guide is formed as a thin film and impressed with a pattern of input and output diffraction gratings to control the transmission of light into and out of the light guide to efficiently illuminate the user interface . | 8 |
a boat hoist comprising a column , a tubular hoist slidable vertically , on said column , a boat cradle on said hoist , shore reinforcement means to anchor an upper part of said column to the shore , and a power unit connecting said column and hoist . | 1 |
provided is a method for producing sic single crystals while maintaining a temperature gradient such that the temperature decreases from within an si solution inside a graphite crucible toward the solution surface , with the sic seed crystals that have contacted the solution surface serving as the starting point for crystal seed growth , wherein when the crystal growth surface of the sic seed crystals , which serves as the starting point for sic single crystal growth , contacts the solution surface , the height by which the solution rises to the side of the sic seed crystals is within the range where the sic single crystals that have grown from the crystal growth surface and the sic single crystals that have grown from the side grow as one sic single crystal unit . also provided is a device for producing an sic single crystal comprising a graphite crucible , a heating device for heating and melting base materials in the crucible to form a base material solution and maintaining a temperature gradient required for growth of sic single crystal , a support rod which holds a sic seed crystal at its bottom end , and a holding structure which maintains the holding by the support rod so that a height by which the solution rises to the side of the sic seed crystal is within a range where the sic single crystal that have grown from the crystal growth surface and the sic single crystal that have grown from the side grow as one sic single crystal unit . | 8 |
an electrostatic spray gun having a self - contained power supply including a high voltage electrostatic voltage and current source , with circuits for monitoring the voltage and current and developing a frequency signal based on the monitored voltage and current , circuits for modulating the frequency signal with a radio frequency carrier and transmitting the modulated - carrier signal to a remote radio receiver , where the signals are demodulated and converted to a digital display representation of the monitored voltage and / or current . | 1 |
a system for detecting deoxyribonucleic acid biomarkers . the system is configured to monitor and control standard parameters , via an array of sensors . the system is configured to perform automated microbiological testing using a dna hybridization based optical detection sensor , wherein the sensor is configured to provide automated sample collection , primer and buffer addition , thermocycling and fluorescence detection via laser excitation and a linear ccd . | 1 |
the present invention discloses a precast curb and a joint used to constrain the lateral and vertical movement of the precast curb and to align adjacent precast curbs . the precast curb installed with the presented method can be removed after its installation without sustaining any damage and reused later . the method presented hereinafter allows the installation of the curb in almost any weather conditions . | 4 |
the present invention is ; a process for stabilizing a cyclotetrasiloxane , such as 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 - tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane , against polymerization used in a chemical vapor deposition process for silicon oxides in electronic material fabrication comprising providing an effective amount of an antioxidant polymerization inhibitor to such cyclotetrasiloxane ; and a composition of a cyclotetrasiloxane , such as 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 - tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane , stabilized against polymerization used in a chemical vapor deposition process as a precursor for silicon oxides in electronic material fabrication , comprising ; such cyclotetrasiloxane and an antioxidant . | 2 |
this invention relates to a device for securing a rail to a railroad tie , and wherein a base plate is provided with guide ribs for abutting the rail foot . the base plate is secured to the tie and the guide ribs provide anchorage openings wherein anchors may be introduced into the anchorage openings for clamping the rail foot to the base plate . a resilient rail attachment with no threaded connections is obtained by the provision of extension arms integrally formed with the anchors and projecting beyond the rail foot . the anchors are disposed on both sides of the rail and resilient clamping elements are positioned in the longitudinal direction of the rail into channels formed between the rail foot and the extension arms . the clamping elements are subjected to deformation and supported under tension between the rail foot and the extension arms . | 4 |
We model the interstellar dust content of the reionization era with a suite of cosmological, fluid-dynamical simulations of galaxies with stellar masses ranging from $\sim 10^5 - 10^9 M_{\odot}$ in the first $1.2$ billion years of the universe. We use a post-processing method that accounts for dust creation and destruction processes, allowing us to systematically vary the parameters of these processes to test whether dust-dependent observable quantities of galaxies at these epochs could be useful for placing constraints on dust physics. We then forward model observable properties of these galaxies to compare to existing data. We find that we are unable to simultaneously match existing observational constraints with any one set of model parameters. Specifically, the models which predict the largest dust masses $D/Z \gtrsim 0.1$ at $z = 5$ -- because of high assumed production yields and/or efficient growth via accretion in the interstellar medium -- are preferred by constraints on total dust mass and infrared luminosities, but these models produce far too much extinction in the ultraviolet, preventing them from matching observations of $\beta_{\rm UV}$. To investigate this discrepancy, we analyze the relative spatial distribution of stars and dust as probed by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) emission, which appear to exhibit overly symmetric morphologies compared to existing data, likely due to the limitations of the stellar feedback model used in the simulations. Our results indicate that the observable properties of the dust distribution in high redshift galaxies are a particularly strong test of stellar feedback. | 9 |
a method of encoding speech sounds to facilitate their transmission to and reconstruction at a remote receiver . a transmitter and a receiver have identical filters and identical codebooks containing prestored excitation vectors which model quantized speech sound vectors . the speech sound vectors are compared with filtered versions of the codebook vectors . the filtered vector closest to each speech sound vector is selected . during the comparison , filtration parameters derived by backward predictive analysis of a series of previously selected filtered codebook vectors are applied to the filter . the transmitter sends the receiver an index representative of the location of the selected vector within the codebook . the receiver uses the index to recover the selected vector from its codebook , and passes the recovered vector through its filter to yield an output signal which reproduces the original speech sound sample . by applying the same backward predictive analysis technique employed by the transmitter to the same series of previously selected filtered codebook vectors to which the transmitter applied the technique , the receiver derives the same combination of filtration parameters which the transmitter applied to its filter while selecting the codebook vector corresponding to the transmitted index . | 6 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.