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the present invention provides a brush - like mounting device of the type for detachably mounting a cleaning , stripping , scrubbing , polishing or the like type member , such as a pad , for commercial , industrial and / or residential applications . the device includes a generally rigid body member having at least one generally planar side surface . first retention means , including resilient filament means , extends from this surface for coacting gripping engagement with a pad ; and second retention means including resilient filament means extends from said surface and angularly in respect to said first retention means for coacting gripping engagement with the confronting surface of said pad and with said first and second filament means coacting for detachably mounting said pad on said mounting device . | 0 |
a labor grip mechanism on each side of a main frame of a birthing bed , each labor grip mechanism having a post with a free end and a hand grip mounted on the free end . a first mounting construction is provided for slidably supporting each post for simultaneous movement between a first position wherein the hand grip is stowed underneath the patient support and a second position wherein the hand grip is oriented wholly out from underneath the patient support . a second mounting construction is provided for supporting each post for simultaneous rotational movement between the second position wherein the hand grip is also oriented in a plane beneath the plane of the patient support and a third position wherein the hand grip is oriented in a plane above the plane of the patient support . a hand grip positioning device is provided for facilitating the rotational movement only when the posts are in the aforesaid second or third position . | 0 |
We report on the discovery of SN 2014J in the nearby galaxy M82. Given its proximity, it offers the best opportunity to date to study a thermonuclear supernova (SN) over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical, near-IR, and mid-IR observations on the rising light curve, orchestrated by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory, show that SN 2014J is a spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), albeit exhibiting high-velocity features in its spectrum and heavily reddened by dust in the host galaxy. Our earliest detections start just hours after the fitted time of explosion. We use high-resolution optical spectroscopy to analyze the dense intervening material and do not detect any evolution in the resolved absorption features during the light curve rise. Similar to other highly reddened SNe Ia, a low value of total-to-selective extinction, R<SUB>V</SUB> <~ 2, provides the best match to our observations. We also study pre-explosion optical and near-IR images from Hubble Space Telescope with special emphasis on the sources nearest to the SN location. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for 45 ° phase ambiguity resolution for one coded bit per symbol 8psk modulation resolves phase ambiguity by selection of pre - differential encoders . a trellis encoder for 8psk modulation of the type in which input data bits are encoded to a three - bit symbols includes a differential encoder , a convolutional encoder and first and second encoding assemblies . a decoder for decoding trellis coded data of 8psk modulation includes a viterbi decoder , a differential decoder , a convolutional decoder and first and second decoder assemblies . each of the encoding and decoding assemblies includes multiplexing logic for selecting from among possible data paths according to a phase invariant scheme . | 7 |
an image forming apparatus is disclosed which comprises an image forming member for forming a plurality of images onto one sheet , a setting member for setting the number of sheets to be formed with images and a control member for controlling the image forming member in order to execute formation of the images for the number of sheets which can be loaded in a tray . the image forming member has the tray for temporarily loading the sheet on which a part of the images has been formed and further forms another part of the images onto the sheet loaded in the tray , when the number of sheets which is set by the setting member is larger than the number of sheets which can be loaded in the tray a plurality of the above operations are repeated . | 6 |
This code accompanies the paper "Accelerating System Adequacy Assessment using the Multilevel Monte Carlo Approach" by Simon Tindemans and Goran Strbac, accepted for publication at PSCC 2020 and a forthcoming special issue of Electric Power Systems Research. A preprint is available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13013. | 9 |
a fixing device is provided , which has a fixing roller and a sheet . the recording paper where the toner image has been transcribed thereon is passed through a nip portion between the fixing roller and the sheet . by pressing and heating , the toner image is fixed on the recording paper . a heating line is wound on a surface opposite to a sheet &# 39 ; s surface that is in contact with the fixing roller . by applying a power source to the heating line , the sheet is heated . when the recording paper enters the nip , the cause of the temperature suddenly lowering can be prevented . | 6 |
a method for communication includes receiving a request from a first party , submitted via a first communication service provider to a telephony application , to place a call using the application to a second party . responsive to a characteristic of the call placed by the first party , a second communication service provider is selected to carry the call between the application and the second party . the second party is then connected via the second communication service provider to communicate with the first party using the application . | 7 |
a strainer device for filtering water to an emergency cooling system in a nuclear power plant includes a housing or tube having a perforated or apertured strainer wall through which water may flow from the outside and into the interior of the housing in connection with the regular filtration of water taken in . a water - receiving accumulator tank is connected to the cavity of the strainer housing and a source of pressurized gas is connected to the tank in order , if required , to feed pressurized gas into the tank so as to momentarily force water out therefrom and into the cavity of the strainer housing while backflushing the same . | 1 |
a motor - drive system for retractable covering having a headrail with a horizontally disposed roller supporting a top edge of a flexible fabric material includes an electric motor mounted within a housing and interconnected to the roller to selectively rotate the roller in opposite directions while minimizing noise created from vibrations within the system . this system includes motor mounts within the housing which separate and absorb vibrations of the motor within the housing and a drive disk of a moderately soft material , which is firm enough to transfer torque from the motor to the roller while being soft enough to absorb vibrations which would otherwise be transmitted from the motor to the roller . an interconnect mounting the drive disk to the drive shaft of the motor is also made of a third relatively soft material , which is harder than the drive disk to more ably transmit torque but soft enough so as not to unduly transmit noise . | 7 |
The ever-growing sample of observed supernovae (SNe) enhances our capacity for comprehensive SN population studies, providing a richer data set for understanding the diverse characteristics of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and possibly those of their progenitors. Here, we present a data-driven analysis of observed SN Ia photometric light curves collected in the Open Supernova Catalog. Where available, we add the environmental information from the host galaxy. We focus on identifying subclasses of SNe Ia without imposing the predefined subclasses found in the literature to date. To do so, we employ an implicit rank-minimizing autoencoder neural network for developing low-dimensional data representations, providing a compact representation of the SN light-curve diversity. When we analyze light curves alone, we find that one of our resulting latent variables is strongly correlated with redshift, allowing us to approximately "de-redshift" the other latent variables describing each event. After doing so, we find that three of our latent variables account for ∼95% of the variance in our sample, and provide a natural separation between 91T and 91bg thermonuclear SNe. Of note, the 02cx subclass is not unambiguously delineated from the 91bg sample in our results, nor do either the overluminous 91T or the underluminous 91bg/02cx samples form a clearly distinct population from the broader sample of "other" SN Ia events. We identify the physical characteristics of SN light curves that best distinguish SNe 91T from SNe 91bg and 02cx, and discuss prospects for future refinements and applications to other classes of SNe as well as other transients. | 9 |
Superflares, which are strong explosions on stars, have been well studied with the progress of spacetime-domain astronomy. In this work, we present the study of superflares on solar-type stars using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Thirteen sectors of observations during the first year of the TESS mission covered the southern hemisphere of the sky, containing 25,734 solar-type stars. We verified 1216 superflares on 400 solar-type stars through automatic search and visual inspection with 2 minute cadence data. Our result suggests a higher superflare frequency distribution than the result from Kepler. This may be because the majority of TESS solar-type stars in our data set are rapidly rotating stars. The power-law index γ of the superflare frequency distribution ( ${dN}/{dE}\propto {E}^{-\gamma }$ ) is constrained to be γ = 2.16 ± 0.10, which is a little larger than that of solar flares but consistent with the results from Kepler. Because only seven superflares of Sun-like stars are detected, we cannot give a robust superflare occurrence frequency. Four stars were accompanied by unconfirmed hot planet candidates. Therefore, superflares may possibly be caused by stellar magnetic activities instead of planet-star interactions. We also find an extraordinary star, TIC43472154, which exhibits about 200 superflares per year. In addition, the correlation between the energy and duration of superflares ( ${T}_{\mathrm{duration}}\propto {E}^{\beta }$ ) is analyzed. We derive the power-law index to be β = 0.42 ± 0.01, which is a little larger than β = 1/3 from the prediction according to magnetic reconnection theory. | 9 |
apparatus and a method are disclosed for generating energy from the essentially complete disassociation of organic matter in a plasma arc furnace operating under pyrolytic conditions . energy is produced by the disassociation in the form of synthesis gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide that can be used to generate electricity , and heat energy from the process and from burning the synthesis gasses are also used to generate electricity . in addition , inorganic matter that is input to the furnace is rendered ecologically and biologically safe and is extracted from the furnace to be re - cycled into new uses such as insulation and road paving material . organic matter , along with non - organic matter , is pre - processed and sized before being input to the plasma arc furnace . the pre - processed matter is fed into a molten silica bath in the furnace through hollow electrodes that are inserted into the silica bath to create the plasma arc . insertion of the matter through the hollow electrodes provides better disassociation of the waste into its basic elements for re - use , re - cycling and disposal as ecologically and biologically safe materials . | 8 |
an apparatus is provided for transporting textile items into sorting bins with reduced energy consumption and improved load measuring accuracy and which provides textile item counting and sorting for a commercial laundry using vacuum air systems to move textiles into sorting bins and using a variable frequency drive to increase on / off response time of vacuum in the system . | 3 |
a pump system suitable for pumping a hot medium , such as hot mixtures of liquid and solid substances , includes at least one displacement pump , such as a membrane pump , at least one bidirectional flow pipe , and a second pipe connected to the pump chamber of the displacement pump . the bidirectional flow pipe is connected at a first end to a first and a second one - way valve . a supply pipe for drawing an amount of medium from the supply pipe is connected to the bidirectional flow pipe via the first one - way valve and a discharge pipe for discharging an identical amount of medium from the bidirectional flow pipe is connected to the bidirectional flow pipe via the second one - way valve . the second pipe is provided in a horizontal plane . the displacement pump is associated with an expansion accommodating feature to allow the displacement pump to move when the bidirectional flow pipe or second pipe expand . a partition element is provided in the bidirectional flow pipe to restrict flow through the pipe . | 5 |
This release was created in order to archive the repository in Zenodo | 9 |
U Sco is a recurrent nova with 11 observed eruptions, most recently in 2010.1 and 2022.4. I report on my program (running since 1989) of measuring eclipse times and brightnesses of U Sco in quiescence, from 2010 to 2022. The orbital period suddenly increased by +22.4 ± 1.0 parts-per-million across the 2010.1 eruption. This period change is greater than the near-zero period change (+3.9 ± 6.1 parts-per-million) across the 1999.2 eruption. This period change cannot come from any of the usual mechanisms, whereas the one remaining possibility is that the period changes are dominated by the little-known mechanism of the nova ejecting asymmetric shells. From 2010.1 to 2016.78, the O - C curve showed a steady period change that was large, with $\dot{P}$ = (-21.0 ± 3.2) × 10<SUP>-9</SUP>. This is greatly higher than the steady period changes in the two previous inter-eruption intervals (-3.2 ± 1.9 and -1.1 ± 1.1 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP>). This large, variable, and negative $\dot{P}$ apparently comes from magnetic braking of the companion star's rotation. Starting in 2016.9 ± 0.6, the O - C curve showed a strong kink that is a unique characteristic of the sudden period change (+35.4 ± 7.1 parts-per-million) across a nova event. The brightness in quiescence after 2010.4 shows that the white dwarf accreted the trigger mass for the next nova event in the year 2017.1 ± 0.6. Photometric records show the only possible time for the eruption to peak (such that its total duration of 60 d was undetectable by any observation) is during a 75-d interval inside the 2016 solar gap, thus constraining the missed eruption to 2016.78 ± 0.10. | 9 |
TIC 470710327, a massive compact hierarchical triple-star system, was recently identified by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TIC 470710327 is comprised of a compact (1.10 d) circular eclipsing binary, with total mass $\approx 10.9\!-\!13.2\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$, and a more massive $\approx 14\!-\!17\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$ eccentric non-eclipsing tertiary in a 52.04 d orbit. Here, we present a progenitor scenario for TIC 470710327 in which '2 + 2' quadruple dynamics result in Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai oscillations that lead to a contact phase of the more massive binary. In this scenario, the two binary systems should form in a very similar manner, and dynamics trigger the merger of the more massive binary either during late phases of star formation or several Myr after the zero-age main sequence, when the stars begin to expand. Any evidence that the tertiary is a highly magnetized (~1-10 kG), slowly rotating blue main-sequence star would hint towards a quadruple origin. Finally, our scenario suggests that the population of inclined compact multiple-stellar systems is reduced into coplanar systems, via mergers, late during star formation or early in the main sequence. The elucidation of the origin of TIC 470710327 is crucial in our understanding of multiple massive star formation and evolution. | 9 |
a process of converting a hydroxy heteroaromatic compound to an arylamine , comprising the steps of : treating a salt of a hydroxy heteroaromatic compound with an alkylating agent ; and treating the reaction mixture with a smiles solvent system and raising the temperature of the reaction mixture ; and a compound made according to the above process . | 2 |
Context. The Vera Rubin Observatory will provide an unprecedented set of time-dependent observations of the sky. The planned Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), operating for ten years, will provide dense light curves for thousands of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in deep drilling fields (DDFs) and less dense light curves for millions of AGN from the main survey (MS). <BR /> Aims: We model the prospects for measuring the time delays for the AGN emission lines with respect to the continuum, using these data. <BR /> Methods: We modeled the artificial light curves using the Timmer-König algorithm. We used the exemplary cadence to sample them (one for the MS and one for the DDF), we supplement light curves with the expected contamination by the strong emission lines (Hβ, Mg II, and CIV, as well as with Fe II pseudo-continuum and the starlight). We chose suitable photometric bands that are appropriate for the redshift and compared the assumed line time-delay with the recovered time delay for 100 statistical realizations of the light curves. <BR /> Results: We show that time delays for emission lines can be well measured from the main survey for the bright tail of the quasar distribution (about 15% of all sources) with an accuracy within 1σ error. For the DDF, the results for fainter quasars are also reliable when the entire ten years of data are used. There are also some prospects to measure the time delays for the faintest quasars at the lowest redshifts from the first two years of data, and possibly even from the first season. The entire quasar population will allow us to obtain results of apparently high accuracy, but in our simulations, we see a systematic offset between the assumed and recovered time delay that depends on the redshift and source luminosity. This offset will not disappear even in the case of large statistics. This problem might affect the slope of the radius-luminosity relation and cosmological applications of quasars if no simulations are performed that correct for these effects. <P />On behalf of the LSST-AGN Science Collaboration. | 9 |
this application discloses a process to synthesize 8 - phenyl )- ethoxy )- methyl ]- 8 - pheny - 1 , 7 - diazaspirodecan - 2 - one comprising reacting a compound of the formula 27a - sulfonate with zinc in the presence of acetic acid . | 2 |
We investigate whether the sky rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs) depends on Galactic latitude using the first catalog of FRBs detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst (CHIME/FRB) Project. We first select CHIME/FRB events above a specified sensitivity threshold in consideration of the radiometer equation, and then we compare these detections with the expected cumulative time-weighted exposure using Anderson-Darling and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. These tests are consistent with the null hypothesis that FRBs are distributed without Galactic latitude dependence (p-values distributed from 0.05 to 0.99, depending on completeness threshold). Additionally, we compare rates in intermediate latitudes (∣b∣ < 15°) with high latitudes using a Bayesian framework, treating the question as a biased coin-flipping experiment-again for a range of completeness thresholds. In these tests the isotropic model is significantly favored (Bayes factors ranging from 3.3 to 14.2). Our results are consistent with FRBs originating from an isotropic population of extragalactic sources. | 9 |
an audio - visual educational device including a housing including a plurality of separate viewable indicia each representative of an object which produces a distinctive audible sound associated with the corresponding object . a sound emitting area is also provided in the housing in close proximity to each object . an electronic controller operably mounted in the housing selectively produces and emits or causes to be emitted through an audio output device each of the distinctive audible sounds from the corresponding sound emitting area responsive to manual selection of one viewable indicia . the user then receives an audible queue in the form of the audible sound to look in the direction of sound emanating from the corresponding sound emitting area thereby learning to associate the selected viewable object with its corresponding audible sound . | 6 |
an optical system and method includes a source - free optical network unit coupled to an optical fiber for receiving an original carrier signal with downstream data over the optical fiber . the optical network unit includes a modulator configured to remodulate the original carrier signal with upstream data to produce an upstream data signal for transmission back down the optical fiber in a direction opposite to a direction in which that original carrier signal was received . | 7 |
a laser ablation and filtration process and apparatus wherein liquid containing hydrocarbons or other contaminates is purified . the liquid is exposed to laser energy at one or more selected wavelengths wherein the laser energy travels through the liquid and reaches the hydrocarbons or other contaminates and vaporizes , denatures , breaks down , neutralizes , renders inert and / or separates the hydrocarbons or contaminates from the liquid . a laser source is positioned in or on a vessel based on pre - set parameters to maximize exposure of the liquid to the laser energy , including sizing parameters , angle and inclination of the laser , retention time for the laser process to be applied and geometry of the containment for proper inclination . one or more collection chambers , which may include perforated membranes may be included to collect gases , separated hydrocarbons or contaminates and other by - products of the process . the vessel utilized may be submergible in water to pull or flow contaminated water therethough . the vessel may also be utilized outside a body of water wherein contaminated water from a source is introduced within the vessel . | 2 |
a drill bit including at least one rolling cutter body with rows of relatively hard substantially outwardly projecting and circumferentially spaced cutting inserts projecting from the cutter body and having effective erosion reducing features by application of hardfacing materials placed in oriented regular patterns and shapes on designated critical and vulnerable cutter body areas . the cutter body is produced by a method wherein the body is marked in specific locations of desired patterns , shapes , or boundaries , and , then , hardfacing is applied in these specific boundaries to avoid the insert hole locations . after the hardfacing is permanently bonded to the specified areas , the holes are drilled and the hard cutting inserts are pressed into the holes . | 8 |
The development of voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes suggests fluorescence lifetime as a promising readout for electrical activity in biological systems. Existing approaches fail to achieve the speed and sensitivity required for voltage imaging in neuroscience applications. Here we demonstrate that wide-field electro-optic fluorescence lifetime imaging (EO-FLIM) allows lifetime imaging at kHz frame acquisition rates, spatially resolving action potential propagation and sub-threshold neural activity in live adult Drosophila. Lifetime resolutions of < 5 ps at 1 kHz were achieved for single cell voltage recordings. Lifetime readout is limited by photon shot noise and the method provides strong rejection of motion artifacts and technical noise sources. Recordings revealed local transmembrane depolarizations, two types of spikes with distinct fluorescence lifetimes, and phase locking of spikes to an external mechanical stimulus. | 9 |
a network of n parallel processors are each one cross - connected to each other . each cross connection includes a nodal weight delay circuit which carries status information as to whether a processor is &# 34 ; on &# 34 ; or &# 34 ; off &# 34 ; and whether its weighted influence is excitatory or inhibitory as between the two processors i and j on that cross connection . additionally , the cross connection influence between a processor i and a processor j is time delayed with a selectively fixed set of machine cycles between any two processor i and j . a monitoring processor - controller senses when the majority of processors have achieved a stable non - changing state which will represent an optimum solution for a combinatorial problem . | 6 |
a delivery of a machine for processing sheet - like printing materials , includes sheet grippers passing through a gripper path during operation , an actuating element adjustable from adjustable basic positions into an extreme position and the reverse and , at locations of the gripper path corresponding to the basic positions and the extreme position , serving for shifting the sheet grippers from a closed , sheet - conveying operating state into an open operating state , a linkage mechanism provided for adjusting the actuating element , and an actuating drive for actuating the linkage mechanism , the linkage mechanism being movable between a predeterminable extreme position corresponding to the extreme position of the actuating element , and adjustable starting positions corresponding to one of the adjustable basic positions of the actuating element ; and a machine for processing sheet - like printing materials including the delivery . | 1 |
method and assembly for inspecting the contents of a connection box or a utility system such as a sewer , telephone electrical , gas etc . via an inspection plug . the inspection plug provides an inspection port and is insertable into a hole in a panel and is attachable to the panel by fixing elements such as a nut assembly , a locking mechanism , prongs , etc . the inspection plug may include a body , a peripheral shoulder , and a resiliently braced cap pivotally mounted in the body to close the inspection port . the peripheral shoulder supports the plug in place in the panel . the cap normally closes the inspection port , but is yieldably openable to allow an inspection probe or other device to gain access to the internal atmosphere for testing within the utility system or electrical connection box . the interior space of the body may contain a gel material , and the cap can be substituted with a resilient closure member having self - sealing openings therein for receiving an inspection probe . the plug may be adjacent to a gas detection alarm system . | 1 |
disclosed is a process for the synthesis of 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 - tetrachloropropene using 1 , 1 , 3 - trichloropropene and / or 3 , 3 , 3 - trichloropropene and cl 2 gas as the reactants , wherein the process takes place in a single reactor system . before this invention , hcc - 1230xa was made in a two - step process using hcc - 1240za / hcc - 1240zf and cl 2 gas , and the processing was conducted using two separate reactors . | 2 |
a blow dryer having a partitioned barrel providing an air duct for the flow of heated air and a duct for the flow of ambient temperature air . a baffle at the upstream end of the barrel controls the fan discharged air while a second baffle is positionable to divert an element cooling airflow from being exhausted against the person &# 39 ; s head . | 0 |
a modular conveyor belt and belt attachment members that are retained by hinge rods . the attachment members have a body with opposite outer and base surfaces . interaction elements , such as high - friction surfaces , plates , or holddown wings , extend from the outer surface . the base surface mounts flush against a conveying surface or an opposite surface of the belt . legs extend directly from the base surface into gaps between hinge elements extending longitudinally outward of conveyor belt modules forming the belt . feet at distal ends of the legs hook under hinge rods to retain the attachment member firmly in place . the lateral spacings between the legs are related to the geometry of the hinge elements to register the attachment element with respect to the belt . | 1 |
in a device for generating a quadrangular illuminating field , having a light mixing rod , which has a quadrangular cross - section as well as a quadrangular inlet area and a quadrangular outlet area and guides light coupled in via the inlet area to the outlet area , in order to generate therein the quadrangular illuminating field , the outlet area is limited by four rectilinear sides , of which two each meet in one of the corners of the outlet area , and , in one or two corners , the sides meeting therein converge at right angles while , in the other corners , the sides meeting therein converge at an angle , which is not equal to 90 °. | 6 |
the invention concerns methods and compositions for the diagnosis of cancer . the invention further concerns diagnostic patches which may be contacted topically with an externally accessible tissue surface for the purpose of detecting the presence or absence of cancer . | 0 |
The great diversity of extrasolar planetary systems has challenged our understanding of how planets form and how their orbits evolve as they form. Among the various processes that may account for this diversity, the gravitational interaction between planets and their parent protoplanetary disk plays a prominent role in shaping young planetary systems. Planet-disk forces are large, and the characteristic times for the evolution of planets’ orbital elements are much shorter than the lifetime of protoplanetary disks. The determination of such forces is challenging, because it involves many physical mechanisms and requires detailed knowledge of the disk structure. Yet intense research over the past few years, with the exploration of many new avenues, represents a significant improvement on the state of the discipline. This chapter reviews the current understanding of planet-disk interactions and highlights their role in setting the properties and architecture of observed planetary systems. | 9 |
it is disclosed herein a breakthrough concept for in - space propulsion for future air force , nasa and commercial systems . the invention combines the fields of micro - electrical - mechanical devices , optical physics , and nonequilibrium plasmadynamics to reduce dramatically the size of electric thrusters by 1 - 2 orders of magnitude , which when coupled with electrodeless operation and high thruster efficiency , will enable scalable , low - cost , long - life distributable propulsion for control of microsats , nanosats , and space structures . the concept is scalable from power levels of 1 w to tens of kilowatts with thrust efficiency exceeding 60 %. ultimate specific impulse would be 500 seconds with helium , with lower values for heavier gases . | 7 |
a flexible circuit having improved tear resistance is provided . a flexible circuit , made of polyimide film , includes at least one extension which needs to be folded . to prevent tearing , an annular piece of metal , like an exposed copper pad for example , is placed at the apex of the bend angle . a second metal is then deposited atop the annular piece of metal , thereby reinforcing the annular piece of metal . the reinforced annular piece of metal helps to prevent the flexible circuit from tearing when shearing forces are applied to the extension . experimental results have shown that the invention provides as much as a 285 % increase in tear resistance when compared to prior art flexible circuits . | 7 |
a cracking catalyst composition co - impregnated with a combination of a rare earth oxide and with either chromium , manganese , cobalt , nickel or platinum group metals . such catalyst compositions , when used in fluidized catalytic cracking processes , result in significant reductions of sulfur content in the coke produced thereby , in turn significantly reducing sulfur oxide emission in the regeneration stack gases . | 1 |
an electrical generation system for a doorway including a door includes a lock mechanism movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position to allow the door to move between a closed position and an open position and a cam coupled to the door . a piezo - electric generator is coupled to the cam . the cam is rotatable with respect to the piezo - electric generator . the piezo - electric generator is operable to produce an electrical current in response to rotation of the cam with respect to the piezo - electric generator , and the electrical current has a frequency that is greater than the number of revolutions made by the cam with respect to the piezo - electric generator . | 4 |
disclosed is a system and method for testing electronic devices which uses a random pattern for testing electronic devices . in one embodiment there is communicated to a device under test a test sequence causing the dut to exercise certain parameters in a controlled pattern of operation . the test sequence is randomly created . in one embodiment this random creation is controlled by a random looping algorithm which controls both the order of and the magnitude of each parameter . included , if desired , is the ability to selectively retransmit previously communicated test sequences . | 6 |
an improved method and apparatus for thermal - to - electric conversion involving relatively hot and cold juxtaposed surfaces separated by a small vacuum gap wherein the cold surface provides an array of single charge carrier converter elements along the surface and the hot surface transfers excitation energy to the opposing cold surface across the gap through coulomb electrostatic coupling interaction . | 7 |
a rotator moving apparatus has a supporting mechanism for rotatably supporting a rotator . a moving mechanism moves the supporting mechanism to a plurality of positions . a base supports the moving mechanism . an object to be detected is arranged on the rotator . a detecting section is arranged on the base so as to detect the object . a regulation mechanism regulates a plurality of positions to which the supporting mechanism moves so that the rotation path of the object falls within the range which faces the detecting section . | 6 |
the present invention is a system and method for the automatic control of a debarking system for use in a chip mill , paper mill , or the like . the present invention comprises one or more programmable logic controllers that receive input from ultrasonic sensors that measure the quantity of wood present at various locations within the system . based on this data , the plcs reference look - up tables that contain information on start , stop , speed up , and slow down times for various system components based on such criteria as wood variety and season . the control system optimizes the fiber yield from the debarking system while also reducing mechanical wear on components of the system by reducing the time at which components are run at high speed . | 6 |
Code to reproduce analyses in Ma et al., 2020 ("Increased power from conditional bacterial genome-wide association identifies macrolide resistance mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae"). | 9 |
Star clusters were historically considered simple stellar populations, with all stars sharing the same age and initial chemical composition. However, the presence of chemical anomalies in globular clusters (GCs), called multiple stellar populations (MPs), has challenged star formation theories in dense environments. Literature studies show that mass, metallicity, and age are likely controlling parameters for the manifestation of MPs. Identifying the limit between clusters with/without MPs in physical parameter space is crucial to reveal the driving mechanism behind their presence. In this study, we look for MP signals in Whiting 1, which is traditionally considered a young GC. Using the Magellan telescope, we obtained low-resolution spectra within λλ = 3850-5500 å for eight giants of Whiting 1. We measured the C and N abundances from the CN and CH spectral indices. C and N abundances have variations comparable with their measurement errors (∼ 0.1 dex), suggesting that MPs are absent from Whiting 1. Combining these findings with literature studies, we propose a limit in the metallicity vs. cluster compactness index parameter space, which relatively clearly separates star clusters with/without MPs (GCs/open clusters). This limit is physically motivated. On a larger scale, the galactic environment determines cluster compactness and metallicity, leading to metal-rich, diffuse, old clusters formed ex situ. Our proposed limit also impacts our understanding of the formation of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy: star clusters formed after the first starburst (age≲ 8-10 Gyr). These clusters are simple stellar populations because the enriched galactic environment is no longer suitable for MP formation. | 9 |
an igniter for a gas turbine engine . an igniter generates a plasma , or spark , somewhat similar to an automotive spark plug . in the invention , an auxiliary electrode is provided , which is embedded in and covered by a solid insulator . during initial phases of operation , no part of the plasma generated contacts the auxiliary electrode . however , eventually , the covering insulation is eroded by the plasma , and the auxiliary electrode becomes exposed and available as a return path for the plasma . the igniter is constructed so that , when this erosion occurs , the lifetime of the igniter is near its end . detection of this erosion , as by detecting the new current in the auxiliary ground electrode , indicates the approaching end - of - lifetime . | 7 |
an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus , comprising a plurality of stacked substrates , wherein the substrates are capable of accepting surface mounted components and wherein the plurality of stacked substrates are separated and connected by the surface mounted components or solder balls or both . | 7 |
a prescaler which can be used in a pll includes a counter section and an extender section . the counter section has a pair of staged , synchronous flip - flops which generate a frequency divided signal by frequency dividing an input oscillation signal by either two or three . the extender section has a plurality of staged , asynchronous flip - flops which generates a second frequency divided signal . a switching circuit connected between the extender section and the counter section controls whether the counter section operates as either a binary counter or a ternary counter . power conservation is achieved by limiting the counter section to only a pair of flip - flops . | 7 |
an electronic flash charging circuit for use with a camera having a power source common to a microcomputer that controls a plurality of camera functions and to an electronic flash . the charging circuit has a booster circuit for boosting a charging voltage with which a main capacitor of the electronic flash is charged and a controller that causes the booster circuit to operate intermittently , thereby intermittently charging the main capacitor . | 7 |
We study the spatially resolved (sub-kpc) gas velocity dispersion (σ)-star formation rate (SFR) relation in the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological simulations. We specifically focus on Milky Way-mass disc galaxies at late times (z ≈ 0). In agreement with observations, we find a relatively flat relationship, with σ ≈ 15-30 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> in neutral gas across 3 dex in SFRs. We show that higher dense gas fractions (ratios of dense gas to neutral gas) and SFRs are correlated at constant σ. Similarly, lower gas fractions (ratios of gas to stellar mass) are correlated with higher σ at constant SFR. The limits of the σ-Σ<SUB>SFR</SUB> relation correspond to the onset of strong outflows. We see evidence of 'on-off' cycles of star formation in the simulations, corresponding to feedback injection time-scales of 10-100 Myr, where SFRs oscillate about equilibrium SFR predictions. Finally, SFRs and velocity dispersions in the simulations agree well with feedback-regulated and marginally stable gas disc (Toomre's Q = 1) model predictions, and the simulation data effectively rule out models assuming that gas turns into stars at (low) constant efficiency (I.e. 1 per cent per free-fall time). And although the simulation data do not entirely exclude gas accretion/gravitationally powered turbulence as a driver of σ, it appears to be subdominant to stellar feedback in the simulated galaxy discs at z ≈ 0. | 9 |
apparatus and method for accessing the wall of a body lumen while simultaneously providing zone isolation and fluid bypass capability , the apparatus comprising : an erectable proximal isolation barrier capable of making a sealing engagement with the wall of the body lumen ; an erectable distal isolation barrier capable of making a sealing engagement with the wall of the body lumen ; a bypass channel secured to , and extending between , the proximal isolation barrier and the distal isolation barrier , the bypass channel comprising a lumen communicating with the region proximal to the proximal isolation barrier and with the region distal to the distal isolation barrier ; and a working catheter passing through the proximal isolation barrier and terminating short of the distal isolation barrier , the working catheter providing a central lumen for providing access to the wall of the body lumen between the proximal isolation barrier and the distal isolation barrier . | 0 |
the invention comprises a method of geophysical exploration wherein a signal is generated at the lower end of a drill string and propagates into the earth and up said drill string . the signal is detected at the top of said drill string and at other locations substantially at the earth &# 39 ; s surface . the signal detected at the top of the drill string is utilized to develop an operator to reduce the magnitude of drill string multiples in the signal detected by the field sensors . | 6 |
disclosed are an ideographical member identification and extraction method and a machine - translation and manual - correction interactive translation method thereof . the ideographical member identification and extraction method is using corpuses with the same contents in a multi - language or bilingual word version , aligning sentences to generate a double - statement opposite library , different languages and characters being related through ideographical expressions , and the ideographical expressions of different languages and characters being achieved through four identical ideographical members . identifying and extracting the four identical ideographical members comprises a sentence reading matched frame , an identification and label sentence cabin , a cabin detection and extraction cabin model and a receiving and storing sense - group cluster . the present invention further provides a machine - translation and manual - correction interactive translation method based on the ideographical members , comprising : reading sentences with a frame , setting a source statement , transferring sentence cabin or cabin eye contents , saving the inquiry items , pre - selecting given target langue sentences to be corrected and correcting semantic meanings , and self learning . the present invention solves the technical problem in the prior art , that quality of translation texts is poor , an operator is needed to have independent translation ability , and loss of word meanings and semantic meanings can not be redeemed in a processing process . | 6 |
a variable resistance abdominal bench is presented which has adjustable feet and handles . the adjustable feet and handles allow the bench to be adjusted to the size of the particular user of the equipment . the bench also has a torso part and a seat part . the torso and seat parts are pivotable . attached to the torso part of the bench is a weight that slides along a track underneath the torso part . the weight can be placed on either side of the pivot point so that a negative or positive resistance can be created . the exerciser thus has the option of doing an assisted sit - up or doing a sit - up against an added weight . | 0 |
We investigate how a GHz radio burst emitted near a magnetar propagates through its magnetosphere at radii $r=10^7$-$10^9$ cm. Bursts propagating near the magnetic equator behave as magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves if they have luminosity $L\gg 10^{40}$ erg/s. The waves develop plasma shocks in each oscillation and dissipate at $r\sim 3 \times 10^8 L_{42}^{-1/4}$ cm. GHz waves with lower $L$ or propagation directions closer to the magnetic axis do not obey MHD. Instead, they interact with individual particles, which requires a kinetic description. The kinetic interaction quickly accelerates particles to Lorentz factors $10^4$-$10^5$ at the expense of the wave energy, which again results in strong damping of the wave. In either regime of wave propagation, MHD or kinetic, the magnetosphere acts as a pillow absorbing the GHz burst and re-radiating the absorbed energy in X-rays. We conclude that a GHz source confined in the inner magnetosphere would be blocked by the outer magnetosphere at practically all relevant luminosities and viewing angles. This result constrains the origin of observed fast radio bursts (FRBs). We argue that observed FRBs come from magnetospheric explosions ejecting powerful outflows. | 9 |
a system and method disclosed may include a dynamic pressure sensor or probe having a wave guide and wave guide tube and a temperature sensor disposed therethrough in order to optimally install and position the temperature sensor to measure combustor flame characteristics . the dynamic pressure sensor is preferably positioned or mounted on the outer casing of the combustor . by taking advantage of the placement of an existing dynamic pressure sensor , a temperature sensor — for instance a fine wire temperature probe — can be disposed through the interior of the dynamic pressure sensor so that combustion flame characteristics can be measured near the combustion liner . | 5 |
an adjustable nozzle comprising a nozzle body with an inlet , an outlet and a flow chamber having a smooth bore extending between the inlet and the outlet . an elastic water impervious material is in fluid communication with the inlet and is tapered and is able to expand due to its elasticity . an adjustable non - rusting member connected to the nozzle body expands or constricts to either increase or decrease the inner diameter of the nozzle body to adjust the flow rate through the nozzle . | 0 |
a flowmeter system having circuitry defining a path for confining the flow of a fluid medium therethrough , first and second transducers disposed along said flow path for generating and receiving acoustic compression waves in the fluid medium between the transducers , a phase lock loop receiver / transmitter system including a voltage controlled oscillator for adjusting the frequency of the acoustic compression waves to maintain the compression wave length constant , a phase detector for measuring the phase difference of the received acoustic compression waves relative to that transmitted and for producing a sum signal proportional to the sum of the measured phase differences to vary the output of said voltage controlled oscillator , circuitry for producing a difference signal proportional to the difference of the measured phase differences representing the direction and magnitude of the flow of the fluid medium as well as changes in its composition and an active filter in the loop for increasing the loop gain of thesystem . | 6 |
a message transaction method includes the steps of sending a connection request , receiving the connection request , generating a ringing response signal in response to the connection request , counting an elapsed time starting from generation of the ringing response signal , sending a disconnection request , stopping of the counting of the elapsed time upon detection of the disconnection request , comparing the elapsed time with at least one relation mapped by a lookup table , and providing a corresponding message in the matching relation . a system to implement the message transaction method is also disclosed . | 7 |
a method of cutting off the flow of material being extruded from a dispensing head is disclosed . the method involves interrupting the flow of material by shearing the material in a direction transverse to its direction of flow at the end of a dispensing cycle . in addition , the method involves tightly closing the extrusion openings of dispensing apparatus . apparatus embodying the invention readily utilized with a variety of different types of equipment and in conjunction with end frames of differing sizes and configurations . the apparatus may be constructed such that auxiliary power means are not required in order to perform the flow control function . | 5 |
The pulsar radio emission is commonly associated with the plasma outflow in the open field line tube; then a pencil beam is emitted along the pulsar magnetic axis. Observations suggest that there is an additional radio emission mechanism specific for pulsars with high magnetic field at the light cylinder. These pulsars are known to be strong sources of non-thermal high-energy radiation, which could be attributed to reconnection in the current sheet separating, just beyond the light cylinder, the oppositely directed magnetic fields. Pulsars with the highest magnetic field at the light cylinder (>100 kG) exhibit also radio pulses in phase with the high-energy pulses. Moreover, giant radio pulses are observed in these pulsars. I argue that the reconnection process that produces high-energy emission could also be responsible for the radio emission. Namely, coalescence of magnetic islands in the sheet produces magnetic perturbations that propagate away in the form of electromagnetic nano-shots. I estimate the parameters of this emission and show that they are compatible with observations. | 9 |
a color plotter includes a photoexposure head that projects a beam of polychromatic light onto the photosensitive surface of a color film . the beam of light exposes a spot on the film surface and means are provided for moving the spot across the film surface in a controlled manner to generate a desired pattern or line . color separation filters are mounted in the exposure head and a mechanism moves the respective filters into and out of the beam of light in accordance with a desired color in the plot . a density selector is also provided to control the degree of film exposure and the resulting color density . the color plotter is capable of producing maps , drawings and other graphic material in multiple colors on the exposed film . | 6 |
the invention provides a stereoscopic imaging optical system that has a total optical length enough short to be well fit for electron image microscopes . the stereoscopic imaging optical system comprises , in order from its object side , one objective lens ob and a plurality of zoom imaging optical systems zi . each zoom imaging optical system zi comprises , in order from its object side , a positive first group g 1 , a negative second group g 2 , an aperture stop as , a positive third group g # and a positive fourth group g 4 . the second group moves on an optical axis for zooming , and the fourth group moves on the optical axis in association with the second group for correcting an image position fluctuation incidental on zooming . conditions and are satisfied : condition is concerned with the imaging magnification at a low zoom ratio end of the whole of the groups on an image side with respect to the aperture stop , and condition is concerned with the ratios about a difference between the positions of the fourth group at a low zoom ratio end and a high zoom ratio end and a difference between the positions of the second group at a low zoom ratio end and at a high zoom ratio end . | 0 |
a time temperature monitoring system and method for use with a microchip or similar structure . a disclosed system includes : a substrate having an active region ; a dopant source located proximate the active region ; an activation system for activating a diffusion of the dopant source into the active region ; and a set of spatially distributed electrodes embedded in the active region of the substrate , wherein the electrodes are configured to detect the diffusion in the active region at varying distances from the dopant source to provide time temperature information . | 7 |
a concrete construction form including a plurality of assembled sections each having a first smooth coffering surface and a rear surface reinforced by stiffening fins oriented perpendicularly to the rear surface with elongated reinforcement gutters extending along each stiffening fin and wherein transverse girders are connected to the fins by fasteners extending through the girders and into the open ends of the gutters . | 4 |
Stellar convection poses two main gargantuan challenges for astrophysical fluid solvers: low-Mach number flows and minuscule perturbations over steeply stratified hydrostatic equilibria. Most methods exhibit excessive numerical diffusion and are unable to capture the correct solution due to large truncation errors. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the Spectral Difference (SD) method under these extreme conditions using an arbitrarily high-order shock capturing scheme with a posteriori limiting. We include both a modification to the HLLC Riemann solver adapted to low Mach number flows (L-HLLC) and a well-balanced scheme to properly evolve perturbations over steep equilibrium solutions. We evaluate the performance of our method using a series of test tailored specifically for stellar convection. We observe that our high-order SD method is capable of dealing with very subsonic flows without necessarily using the modified Riemann solver. We find however that the well-balanced framework is unavoidable if one wants to capture accurately small amplitude convective and acoustic modes. Analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy, we show that our fourth-order SD scheme seems to emerge as an optimal variant to solve this difficult numerical problem. | 9 |
this invention relates to in vitro screening and assay methods for the selection of anti - inflammatory compounds that exhibit minimized effects on the differentiation of human osteoblasts . | 6 |
We present a new bound on the ultralight axion (ULA) dark matter mass m<SUB>a</SUB>, using the Lyman-alpha forest to look for suppressed cosmic structure growth: a 95% lower limit m<SUB>a</SUB>>2 ×10<SUP>-20</SUP> eV . This strongly disfavors (>99.7 % credibility) the canonical ULA with 10<SUP>-22</SUP> eV <m<SUB>a</SUB><10<SUP>-21</SUP> eV , motivated by the string axiverse and solutions to possible tensions in the cold dark matter model. We strengthen previous equivalent bounds by about an order of magnitude. We demonstrate the robustness of our results using an optimized emulator of improved hydrodynamical simulations. | 9 |
a training firearm that provides a realistic recoil effect . the firearm , preferably a pistol , may be an actual firearm retrofitted with a self - contained “ blow back ” assembly . usually , the pistol will include a laser device that emits a laser beam readable by a target system . the laser replaces live rounds , and the blow back assembly causes return of the slide to cycle in a manner similar to that caused by live ammunition in an unmodified weapon . the blow back assembly is driven by a disposable cartridge of compressed gas self - contained in the handle of the pistol . a valve integrated with the firing pin releases a burst of gas when the firing pin is impacted by the hammer . the gas pushes back the slide and recocks the hammer for the next “ round .” this system provides law enforcement and military personnel a realistic tool to develop recoil management and target re - acquisition skills . | 6 |
a media experience policy engine includes three components : an information manager , a policy evaluator , and an enforcement module . the information manager collects information regarding the current state of a media delivery system , such as , for example , usage of a cpu , memory , hard disk , interface , and a network . this collected data is then verified by the policy evaluator to see if resource contention is , or is close to , occurring . if so , existing or potential conflicts are dealt with by the enforcement module , which applies corrections , such as , for example , limiting the access of later chronologic users , or degrading the user experience of all users , in accordance with a desired policy in order to vitiate the resource contention and maintain a user experience consistent with the desired policy . | 8 |
The TEMPO (Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion) Survey is a proposed 30-day observational campaign using the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. By providing deep, high-resolution, short-cadence infrared photometry of a dynamic star-forming region, TEMPO will investigate the demographics of exosatellites orbiting free-floating planets and brown dwarfs -- a largely unexplored discovery space. Here, we present the simulated detection yields of three populations: extrasolar moon analogs orbiting free-floating planets, exosatellites orbiting brown dwarfs, and exoplanets orbiting young stars. Additionally, we outline a comprehensive range of anticipated scientific outcomes accompanying such a survey. These science drivers include: obtaining observational constraints to test prevailing theories of moon, planet, and star formation; directly detecting widely separated exoplanets orbiting young stars; investigating the variability of young stars and brown dwarfs; constraining the low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function; constructing the distribution of dust in the Orion Nebula and mapping evolution in the near-infrared extinction law; mapping emission features that trace the shocked gas in the region; constructing a dynamical map of Orion members using proper motions; and searching for extragalactic sources and transients via deep extragalactic observations reaching a limiting magnitude of $m_{AB}=29.7$\,mag (F146 filter). | 9 |
a sensing apparatus comprising an ion sensitive field effect transistor arranged to generate an electrical output signal in response to localized fluctuations of ionic charge at or adjacent the surface of the transistor , and means for detecting the electrical output signal from the ion sensitive field effect transistor , the localized fluctuations of ionic charge indicating events occurring during a chemical reaction . | 6 |
a displacement transmitting apparatus comprising a shaft hole which throttles by piezoelectric effect , and a shaft slidably inserted into the shaft hole engaged with a driving means which advances steppingly by mechanically amplified piezoelectric effect . on - off controlling of electric voltage for the displacement transmitting apparatus and the driving means causes the shaft to advance or conversely causes the driving means to advance where the shaft is fixed . | 7 |
the l - lysine - producing ability and the l - lysine - producing speed are improved in a coryneform bacterium harboring an aspartokinase in which feedback inhibition by l - lysine and l - threonine is substantially desensitized , by successively enhancing dna coding for a dihydrodipicolinate reductase , dna coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase , dna coding for a diaminopimelate decarboxylase , and dna coding for a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase . | 2 |
a pile jacking sleeve includes a structural sleeve having a bottom section , an intermediate section and a top section . a stationary plate partitions the bottom section from the top section . a floating plate separates the intermediate section from the top section . a hinged door at the top section allows lateral entry of a piling into the top section when the door is open . an aperture allows insertion and removal of at least one jack into the intermediate section . actuation of the jack urges the floating plate away from the stationary plate , controllably imparting a load to installed piling . a plurality of bolt holes are also provided in the sleeve to secure piling thereto . the sleeve may be jacketed for additional protection . a plurality of grout windows are also provided in the sleeve to enable filling the structure with a solidifying filler . | 4 |
a valve for controlling the flow of a gas therethrough which requires no machining in order to attain an effective seal between the valve seating surface and a rotatable plug element . the valve seat surface remains as cast while the plug consists of an overmolded plastic . the overmolding defines an array of pliable sealing ridges . the use of overmolding facilitates the use of cost - saving plastic materials , and obviates the need for expensive machining of the cooperating surfaces . | 8 |
devices and methods for a low latency data telecommunication system and method for video , audio control data and other data for use with one or more robots and remote controls are disclosed . the data transmission can be digital . the data telecommunication system can enable the use of multiple robots and multiple remote controls in the same location with encrypted data transmission . | 6 |
a boot adapted to the practice of skating and a method of manufacturing such boot , the boot including a shell base equipped with a rigid sole adapted to be attached on the frame of a skate and a heel reinforcement part , and a flexible liner that is positioned inside the shell base including of a padded upper part surrounding the foot and at least one outer pocket portion . the shell base according to the invention has a rigid collar portion that extends the heel reinforcement and the pocket portion at least partially covers the collar portion so as to ensure at least partially the retention of the flexible liner in the shell base . the invention relates to a boot structure encompassing the essential functions of foot retention and controlled flexibility , and whose assembly is made easier . | 0 |
a system for securely providing restricted information having an encoder for transmitting selected update data with respective keys and a plurality of uniquely identified decoders for receiving said update data . when saidd decoder matches the key sent with said update , said decoder receives the update data and appropriately positions said update data in respective pages in a store for subsequent viewing on a video display . | 7 |
a polymerization apparatus includes a first chamber and a second chamber and a flexible , radioparent diaphragm separating the first chamber from the second chamber . a radiation source emitting polymerization - inducing radiation into the first chamber is provided . the second chamber is adapted for receiving a model and a foil , positioned between the diaphragm and the model , to be subjected to the radiation of the radiation source . a device for generating a pressure differential between the first and the second chamber for deflecting the diaphragm toward the model to thereby deform the foil at the model is provided . an adjusting device for adjusting the distance between the model and the diaphragm is provided . | 0 |
the present document describes a connector for use with a harness under test by an automated test equipment . the harness is electrically connected to a reference . the connector comprises connection points having a layout , namely a connector layout , electronic identifiers and a switch . each one of the electronic identifiers is connected to a respective one of the connection points . the switch is either for connecting the ate to the reference via the electronic identifiers , either for connecting the ate to the reference while bypassing the electronic identifiers . | 6 |
fig . 1 shows the adjustable indicating device that is adapted to be mounted to the plate defining a load compartment . the device has a central housing with two wing structures on each side which support conventional switch means having cantilevered arms . extending through the housing is a movable shaft that is spring biased to a forward extended position and adapted to respond against a load being positioned . the read end of the movable shaft has an adjustable cam means which acts upon the cantilevered arms to cause a switching action upon shifting of the movable shaft by a load . | 6 |
an apparatus for generating images of layers of an object from perspective images recorded from different positions by an array of radiation sources . the apparatus comprises an illumination device , for transilluminating the perspective images , and an imaging matrix comprising imaging elements . an optical system axis extends perpendicularly through the center of the matrix . the matrix superimposes the perspective images on a light - sensitive detector surface . in the apparatus , an optical deflection element is arranged in front of or behind each imaging element . the deflection element blurs the perspective image along a pattern which exhibits a major direction . the relevant deflection element is so arranged that the major direction extends at least substantially perpendicularly to a straight line connecting the optical system axis to the center of the imaging element within the matrix plane . all deflection elements are arranged in such a way relative to each other that the major directions subtend substantially equal angles with each other . | 0 |
a device for canceling non - acoustic self - noise associated with mechanically induced vibrations in sensor arrays and associated methods are described . the method utilizes the isolation of a vibration reference via digital beamforming to non - acoustic wavenumber space . this technique produces an interference reference measurement which is sensitive only to vibrations propagating within an array body and independent of acoustic signals propagating in surrounding medium . | 6 |
in a bipolar transistor , around the border line of the surface of a base region formed on a semiconductor substrate is formed a base electrode having a constant width of less than one micron and made of polycrystalline silicon . an island shaped emitter region is formed in the base region and an emitter electrode is formed on the surface of the emitter region . the emitter electrode is electrically isolated from the base electrode by an insulating film extending between the periphery of the emitter region and the base electrode . | 7 |
Abstract: It is widely accepted that the number of reported cases during the first stages of the COVID-19 pandemic severely underestimates the number of actual cases. We leverage delay embedding theorems of Whitney and Takens and use Gaussian Process regression to estimate the number of cases during the first 2020 wave based on the second wave of the epidemic in several European countries, South Korea, and Brazil. We assume that the second wave was more accurately monitored and hence that it can be trusted. We then construct a manifold diffeomorphic to that of the implied original dynamical system, using fatalities or hospitalizations only. Finally, we restrict the diffeomorphism to the reported cases coordinate of the dynamical system. Our main finding is that in the European countries studied, the actual cases are under-reported by as much as 50%. On the other hand, in South Korea -- which had an exemplary and proactive mitigation approach -- a far smaller discrepancy between the actual and reported cases is predicted, with an approximately 17% predicted under-estimation. We believe that our backcasting framework is applicable to other epidemic outbreaks where (due to limited or poor quality data) there is uncertainty around the actual cases. # Backcasting Code - Summary *Updated: February 19, 2022* This repository contains four types of documents: 1. Several Jupyter notebooks that reproduce the main results in the manuscript 2. Two Python files that contain the bulk of the computation for backcasting and uncertainty quantification. They are used in some of the Jupyter notebooks. 3. The COVID dataset compiled by and available through OWID as it appeared on April 4, 2021. 4. [The manuscript](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00507), in the form available on Arxiv as of January 2022. ## Jupyter notebooks 1. ```seasonal_structure.ipynb``` extracts and plots confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 over the period covered by the dataset. (Section 2) 2. ```backcasting_Italy.ipynb``` applies the backcasting algorithm described in the manuscript with only the GP error estimation to the Italy dataset, and plots the results. (Section 3) 3. ```numerical_results.ipynb``` performs backcasting using death and hospitalization data (where available) as predictors, and produces the corresponding plots for several countries. (Section 3) 4. ```heuristics.ipynb``` specifically for the Italy dataset, computes and plots the effect of changing T*, and of using different embedding dimensions (time-windows) to perform backcasting. (Section 3) 5. ```uncertainty_estimates.ipynb``` implements the CRC daily case uncertainty estimates of Bohning et al, and uses that to perform backcasting on the Italy dataset based on the GP method developed in the manuscript. The code only shows the result using deaths as a predictor, but can easily be modified to show the result for hospitalizations. (Section 3) ## Python Files 1. ```backcaster.py``` defines a dataset class that can be used to perform backcasting in a few steps as described in the manuscript. It makes use of Python's ```sklearn``` Gaussian Process Regression implementation along with daily uncertainty estimates for case incidence based on [Bohning et. al.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220304446) referenced in the manuscript. 2. ```backcastingvis.py``` works with the backcaster class to provide quick plotting tools, though they are not comprehensive. ## Dataset The dataset in the version appearing here (downloaded on April 4, 2021) is necessary to reproduce the results depicted in the manuscript. It is available through Our-World-In-Data [available on github](https://github.com/owid/covid-19-data/tree/master/public/data). The corresponding license is copied below: __License__ All visualizations, data, and code produced by _Our World in Data_ are completely open access under the [Creative Commons BY license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. In the case of our vaccination dataset, please give the following citation: > Mathieu, E., Ritchie, H., Ortiz-Ospina, E. _et al._ A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations. _Nat Hum Behav_ (2021). [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8) In the case of our testing dataset, please give the following citation: > Hasell, J., Mathieu, E., Beltekian, D. _et al._ A cross-country database of COVID-19 testing. _Sci Data_ **7**, 345 (2020). [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00688-8](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00688-8) The data produced by third parties and made available by _Our World in Data_ is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our database, and you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use. | 9 |
a method for passivating the surface of crystalline iron disulfide by encapsulating it in crystalline zinc sulfide . also disclosed is the related product comprising fes 2 encapsulated by zns in which the sulfur atoms at the fes 2 surfaces are passivated . additionally disclosed is a photovoltaic device incorporating fes 2 encapsulated by zns . | 8 |
in order to manufacture a discharging roller which discharges a recording medium from a recording apparatus , there are a first die formed with a first recess extending in an axial direction of a shaft portion of the discharging roller , and a second die formed with a second recess extending in the axial direction . the first die and the second die are combined such that the first recess and the second recess face to form a continuous cavity . synthetic resin is injected into the cavity to mold a bore portion of the shaft portion . | 8 |
a medium access control apparatus and method for use in a channel overlay network of a wireless access system . the wireless access system , which is based on a multi - carrier , includes a plurality of physical modules for receiving signals from a plurality of terminals , a plurality of mac modules for processing the signals received via the physical modules while being classified according to predetermined traffic classes , and a controller connected to the mac modules for integratedly managing the mac modules . the mac apparatus includes an additional mac module used for a control channel and a plurality of mac modules for supporting various qos traffic data according to individual classes , thereby improving scheduling complexity in a mac layer . | 7 |
a hierarchical content distribution system includes a seeding server , a plurality of geographically distributed content platforms , and a distribution controller , all interconnected by a communications network . the seeding server initially receives content files for distribution to various content platforms that provide for the persistent storage of the content files . each content platform includes a content file server responsive on - demand to requests for the transfer of content files . the distribution controller autonomously monitors the transfers of content files and selectively issues transfer directives to the content platforms to modify the distribution of content files among the content platforms . the content file servers respond to received transfer directives by issuing requests for the transfer of the directive identified content files , thereby conforming the specific distribution of content files to an optimal distribution pattern as determined by the distribution controller based on usage patterns . | 7 |
a pet amusement device comprising : a receptacle for catnip ; a continuous track surrounding the catnip receptacle ; a toy , such as a ball , contained within the continuous track such that the toy may travel along the continuous track ; and at least one opening along the continuous track such that the continuous track and the toy are accessible through the at least one opening . the catnip receptacle may have a cap allowing a user to easily add catnip to the receptacle and allowing the scent of the catnip to exit the receptacle . in use , a pet , such as a cat , may smell the catnip and bat the ball around the continuous track . the pet amusement device may be combined with another device with a larger continuous track to produce a device with two concentric tiered tracks in addition to the catnip receptacle . | 0 |
methods are provided for predicting the presence , subtype and stage of ovarian cancer , as well as for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of a cancer treatment and determining whether a subject potentially is developing cancer . associated test kits , computer and analytical systems as well as software and diagnostic models are also provided . | 6 |
a tabletting machine having upper and cooperating lower plungers surrounded at their leading end portions with clearance by elastic cuffs ; gas is blown through these cuffs towards the front ends of the plungers to prevent the deposition of dust on the plunger surfaces . | 1 |
a method of applying an input to a field is provided when using an implement having row or section control and when using an automated location and guidance system , enabled by gps or other position technology , to avoid double application of inputs in areas covered more than once by the implement or machine . the present invention provides an application pattern and control in which double application is avoided by turning off row units or sections of row units during the first pass over the area , leaving the actual application of inputs to the second pass over that area . the minimizes or eliminates areas where a previously applied input is disturbed during a second time over that area and minimizes or eliminates areas where the soil is compacted around previously planted seed by driving over the area a second time after seeding . | 8 |
the present invention provides a spool braking device for a double - bearing of fishing reel in which a lever for the fine adjustment of the spool braking force is provided on the same spool shaft as that of a lever for the coarse adjustment of the braking force so that the spool braking force can be adjusted coarsely and finely , in a smooth and rapid manner in the same direction over a wide adjustment range . | 0 |
systems and methods of queuing data for multiple readers and writers are provided . enqueuing operations are disclosed that can process write functionality and can determine whether ring buffers have potentially filled , and dynamically declare a new ring buffer at a multiple of capacity of the current ring . dequeuing operations are disclosed that can process read functionality for advancing control and determining whether and when to free ring buffers from memory . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a method for producing solar cells with local back surface field using an alkaline etching paste which allows the back surface to be polished and the back surface edges to be insulated in a single process step . | 8 |
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) is an attractive dark matter candidate motivated by small-scale problems in astrophysics and with a rich phenomenology on those scales. We scrutinize the FDM model, more specifically the mass of the FDM particle, through a dynamical analysis for the Galactic ultrafaint dwarf (UFD) galaxies. We use a sample of 18 UFDs to place the strongest constraints to date on the mass of the FDM particle, updating on previous bounds using a subset of the sample used here. We find that most of the sample UFDs prefer an FDM particle mass heavier than 10<SUP>-21</SUP> eV. In particular, Segue 1 provides the strongest constraint, with ${m}_{\psi }={1.1}_{-0.7}^{+8.3}\times {10}^{-19}\,\mathrm{eV}$ . The constraints found here are the first that are compatible with various other independent cosmological and astrophysical bounds found in the literature, in particular with the latest bounds using the Lyα forest. We also find that the constraints obtained in this work are not compatible with the bounds from luminous dwarf galaxies, as already pointed out in the previous work using UFDs. This could indicate that although a viable dark matter model, it might be challenging for the FDM model to solve the small-scale problems. | 9 |
support or padding including expandable cells whose cell body in its resting state seen in transverse section is individually delimited by at least two concentric perimeters , the walls of the cell in its resting state rejoining each of the perimeters are characterized by the fact that the portion of the wall of the cell rejoining two points located ach on one of the concentric perimeters 6 and 7 can be strictly in a straight line during its centripetal path , if between two other points 28 at the entrance of the successive fissures , slits or cells 4 located on the external perimeter 7 of the path followed takes at least for a certain length an aspect strictly of a straight line or flat part 29 , one of the lat two points 28 being the same as the first one located on the external perimeter 7 at the junction or exit of a fissure : all of the consecutive points of the is flat part 29 being further away or distal in relation to the center 24 of the cell than the other points , outside of the flat part 29 , constrictive of the sheath 7 on its path between two points 28 located at the junction of the successive fissures 4 . | 8 |
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