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the frame of an in - line skate supports a wheel , allowing a skater to effectively slow down and stop , using an athletic stance that skiers on snow and ice skaters on ice use . the wheel has a hub , allowing a wheel to rotate around the axle vertically and at an inclination . the hub has axle roller bearings . the wheel includes friction band surfaces on the sides of the wheel . when rotating at an inclination the wheel &# 39 ; s friction surface contacts a friction surface , inside the wheel - well or an axle friction surface or a combination thereof to slow or brake the wheel . the wheel assembly includes self - aligning springs . individual parts can be technically designed to allow various model solutions that will satisfy the abilities of a beginner to an expert . the wheel assembly frame can be attached to an in - line skate , an in - line skateboard , a downhill in - line ski and a downhill in - line skateboard . | 0 |
one embodiment of the present invention is an integrated aero - engine flowpath structure . another embodiment is a method of manufacturing integrated aero - engine flowpath structure . other embodiments include apparatuses , systems , devices , hardware , methods , and combinations for aero - engine flowpath structures . further embodiments , forms , features , aspects , benefits , and advantages of the present application shall become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith . | 8 |
a method of making a structural component comprising mixing together wood pulp , water , bentonite clay , and calcium chloride and forming the mixture into the structural component . | 8 |
a device designed for the three - dimensional geometrical detection of an environment includes at least one inertial measurement system for provisionally calculating a trajectory of the detection device . the device is calibrated by steps of : positioning and / or orienting the detection device in a position and / or orientation with respect to at least one reference point characterized by at least one predefined relative coordinate , or determining at least one relative coordinate which characterizes the position and / or the orientation of the detection device relative to at least one reference point ; determining at least one error variable which characterizes the deviation of the relative coordinate in accordance with step from the relative coordinate provisionally calculated by the inertial measurement system ; and if the error variable fulfills a predefined correction criterion , correcting the provisional trajectory . | 6 |
the invention proposes a method for handling atm traffic comprising packets of aal5 type composed of atm cells , at a network node at vp - layer . the method comprises monitoring each of the cells incoming the node to obtain information at least on its vc - layer and vp - layer parameters , processing information on the mentioned parameters and registering the processed information concerning each of the cells in a statistical database to obtain statistical data with respect to at least the vc - layer and vp - layer parameters of the packets handled at the node . | 7 |
a sterile filling machine and related method are provided for sterile filling a container with a substance . the container includes a heat resealable stopper and a chamber for receiving the substance therein . the sealed , empty containers are subjected to radiation capable of penetrating through the stopper and chamber for sterilizing the container . the previously sterilized containers are then transported through an e - beam chamber , wherein an electron beam is directed onto a penetrable surface of the stopper to sterilize the penetrable surface . a needle is mounted within the e - beam chamber and moved into engagement with the stopper to pierce the sterilized penetrable surface of the stopper and inject the substance through the needle and into the chamber of the container . the needle is then withdrawn from the stopper and the filled container is transported outside of the e - beam chamber . laser energy is then transmitted onto the penetrated surface of the stopper to fuse the stopper material and hermetically re - seal the stopper . | 0 |
a polymeric resin molded frame insert is combined fittingly with a molded polymeric resin frame to produce a display frame with four centrally disposed symmetrical display openings , with four compact disc cases secured thereon so that the transparent front cover of each compact disc case appears in one of the four display openings , showing therethrough whatever items of visual interest have been installed behind the compact disc case covers . | 6 |
the invention is a device to maintain a continuous volume and pressure in a freon operated air conditioning unit . outside ambient temperature is used as a baseline for the on / off switch . vital components include a 110 volt to 24 volt transformer , a pair of electromechanical operated solenoid valve , a pressure and volume gauge , a compressor , and a timer . all devices are connected to a freon tank - operated air conditioning unit and can be instituted into either enclosed structure or automotive air conditioning systems . | 1 |
a pumping unit for a machine to distribute concrete includes a pair of cylinders provided with a relative pumping piston movable linearly for a determinate travel to feed the concrete to a determinate circuit to distribute the concrete ; and a hydraulic command circuit operatively connected to both the cylinders , to determine an alternate pumping movement of the relative pumping pistons . the pumping unit includes at least a sensor member operatively associated to at least one of the cylinders in order to detect point - by - point one or more data relating to the operating condition of the pumping piston during its movement for the whole travel . the data includes at least one of position , speed , stress and direction of movement of the relative piston . | 5 |
a simulation model creating method computes , for measurement results of a line width of a resist pattern formed with varied an exposure amount and focus value , a permissible fluctuation range of the pattern line width from a distribution of the exposure amount and a distribution of the focus value ; computes difference values between the measurement results and corresponding approximation values on a fitting function which has the exposure amount and focus value as parameters ; compares the difference values with the permissible fluctuation range ; deletes any measurement values for which the difference value is larger than the permissible fluctuation range , and recomputes the fitting function accordingly ; and deletes measurement values outside a permissible fluctuation range of a pattern line width of the mask , and creates a simulation model . | 6 |
a strategy for controlling an electric pump and control valve in an internal combustion engine cooling system compensates for backpressure variations and maintains system operation within design parameters . the method comprises the steps of measuring the coolant temperature , measuring the electrical current and voltage to the pump motor , determining the pump speed and coolant flow , determining the desired coolant flow , determining a negative correction to the flow control valve and pump if desired flow is less than present coolant flow and determining a positive correction to the flow control valve and pump if desired flow is more than present coolant flow and undertaking this correction to coolant flow . thus , based upon inferred back pressure in the engine coolant system from the data relating to the pump energy input , proper coolant flow , heat rejection and engine operating temperature can be maintained in spite of variations in system flow restrictions and backpressure . | 5 |
a circuit for realizing controllable analog weights as used , for example , in template matching circuits . analog weights are obtained by storing charge on two primary capacitors and by controlling the potential difference between the two primary capacitors . the control of charge on the two capacitors is effected with a bridging connection between the two primary capacitors . in one embodiment , the bridging connection contains two switches and an mos transistor . | 6 |
a solid state form of a dye - solution absorption filter is disclosed . physical vapor depositable dyes are codeposited with a polyester matrix in a vacuum system to randomly disperse dye molecules in a solid dilutant . the dyes are selected to absorb at the wavelengths of interest . dilution in a transparent matrix affords narrow band absorption and good out of band transmittance . multilayer configurations allow absorption of a plurality of wavelengths . the filter coating conforms to curved and sharply contoured surfaces and layers only 10 microns thick afford very high absorptance . | 6 |
disclosed is a microprocessor based system with a dynamically selectable operating system that is capable of providing unique operating systems based upon current hardware states without user intervention . the system will determine the current state of the system and select from a plurality of operating systems the best operating system to load . in normal operating conditions the system will select the most full - featured and robust operating system . if , for example , the system loses alternating - current power , the system will shutdown , reboot , and automatically select an operating system with very limited capabilities and limited power consumption to allow the system to retrieve important data from the cache and store the data to a data storage device . | 6 |
an object of the present invention is to lower the voltage applied to the starting resistor of the starting circuit in a switching power supply circuit to reduce the power loss especially when the receiving voltage is high and thereby provide a small and inexpensive switching power supply circuit . according to the present invention , a switching power supply circuit comprises : a dc voltage section having two or more capacitors connected in series ; and a pwm control circuit for receiving dc power supply from the dc voltage section and performing switching control on a primary side of a transformer in order for the switching power supply circuit to output a dc voltage of different voltage specifications ; wherein the starting resistor for the pwm control circuit is connected to a connection point of the capacitors . | 7 |
a cure system for halogen - containing polymers that comprises a thiourea derivative , a thiuram sulfide and an inorganic base yields stable cross - linked products with useful properties when incorporated into normal vulcanization procedures . | 2 |
a start up charger and a method of providing an initial charge for a significantly depleted battery of a cellular phone is described in which the charging switch is cycled to provide a pulsed charge to the battery until said battery is charged to the operational voltage threshold of the cellular telephone controller . | 7 |
the present invention relates to microencapsulated compositions of isothiazolone derivatives and other water insoluble biocides or antifouling agents . in particular , the present invention relates to microencapsulated 4 , 5 dichloro 2 n - octyl - 3 - isothiazolone , useful in marine antifouling coatings and paints . | 8 |
a device for applying light to an inner surface of a cylinder , comprising a homogenizer , into which light can enter and from which the light can exit , wherein the homogenizer has a cylindrical internal surface , on which the light can be reflected after entering and before exiting , and also comprising ways for introducing light into the homogenizing means , and focusing arrangements , which can focus light exiting from the homogenizer onto the inner surface of the cylinder to which light is to be applied . | 6 |
multilayer magnetic structures control the switching field and tighten the switching field distribution in bit patterned media . a strain - inducing layer is excited , e . g ., by a localized magnetic field or a localized thermal heating or a voltage , and induces a strain on the magnetic layer of the patterned bit to initiate switching of the bit magnetization . the strain induced on the magnetic layer forces a rotation or an amplitude variation of the magnetic layer anisotropy . a localized magnetic field is simultaneously or subsequently applied to complete the switching of the bit magnetization . the invention provides control of switching field and switching field distribution for bit - patterned media devices . | 1 |
an extreme ultra violet light source apparatus prevents debris staying and accumulating within a chamber from contaminating the chamber and deteriorating the performance of an important optical component . the extreme ultra violet light source apparatus includes : a chamber in which extreme ultra violet light is generated ; a driver laser for applying a laser beam to a target supplied to a predetermined position within the chamber to generate plasma ; a collector mirror provided within the chamber , for collecting and outputting the extreme ultra violet light radiated from the plasma ; an exhaust path communicating with the chamber and connected to an exhausting device , for maintaining an interior of the chamber at a certain pressure ; a catching chamber provided in the exhaust path , for catching debris generated from the plasma ; and a collecting unit for collecting the caught debris out of the chamber . | 6 |
process and apparatus for injection molding of molded parts made from plastic material having at least one cavity , which includes : a ) injection of plastic melt from an injection unit along a melt flow path into the cavity of an injection - molding die ; b ) injection of a fluid into the still molten plastic material , so that the latter is pressed against the walls of the cavity ; c ) allowing the plastic material to solidify until the latter forms the molded part in self - supporting manner ; and d ) releasing the molded part from the cavity of the injection - molding die . | 1 |
a torque - transmitting device including a casing inside which a gearwheel is mounted such that it can move by means of at least one rolling bearing housed in a side wall of the casing , the bottom of the casing being shaped to form an oil reserve in which part of the wheel is intended to be immersed , the casing additionally including an oil recuperator wiper arranged in the side wall housing the rolling bearing , above the latter . the oil recuperator wiper includes removable means of attachment to the casing , these means of attachment being accessible from outside the casing . | 5 |
a circuit board that requires electromagnetic shielding is enclosed in a cavity formed between a metal case and a base substrate . a ground plane , which is electrically conductive , is embedded in each of the base substrate and the circuit board . the metal case is electrically connected to the ground planes in both the base substrate and the circuit board . | 7 |
in order to inexpensive construction materials effectively utilizing timber resources and realizing any desired properties by using so - called low - quality materials including slim timbers , old timbers , wood cuttings produced by lumbering , bamboo , and so forth , wood , bamboo and other wooden source materials are split into fragments along their fibers by water vapor explosion , and such explosive - split fragments are shaped and hardened by adding an adhesive , mortar or expandable resin into a new wooden material such as multi - layered board , cement board or foamed resin board of explosive - split fragments . the explosive - split fragments are also usable in various fields other than fabrication of the new material . | 1 |
the invention is several alternative means of differentiating head / gimbal assemblies that share a common arm . the alternative means are for at least one of the assemblies that shares a common arm using a different design ; varying the length from the mounting section to the slider ; changing the shape of the spring section ; varying the use and shape of raised flanges ; varying the use and shape of stiffeners ; using different openings ; using different formed features ; using various mass appendages ; and using a varying pattern of adhesive or glue dots . | 6 |
We investigate protostellar outflow evolution, gas entrainment, and star formation efficiency using radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of isolated, turbulent low-mass cores. We adopt an X-wind launching model, in which the outflow rate is coupled to the instantaneous protostellar accretion rate and evolution. We vary the outflow collimation angle from θ = 0.01-0.1 and find that even well-collimated outflows effectively sweep up and entrain significant core mass. The Stage 0 lifetime ranges from 0.14-0.19 Myr, which is similar to the observed Class 0 lifetime. The star formation efficiency of the cores spans 0.41-0.51. In all cases, the outflows drive strong turbulence in the surrounding material. Although the initial core turbulence is purely solenoidal by construction, the simulations converge to approximate equipartition between solenoidal and compressive motions due to a combination of outflow driving and collapse. When compared to simulation of a cluster of protostars, which is not gravitationally centrally condensed, we find that the outflows drive motions that are mainly solenoidal. The final turbulent velocity dispersion is about twice the initial value of the cores, indicating that an individual outflow is easily able to replenish turbulent motions on sub-parsec scales. We post-process the simulations to produce synthetic molecular line emission maps of <SUP>12</SUP>CO, <SUP>13</SUP>CO, and C<SUP>18</SUP>O and evaluate how well these tracers reproduce the underlying mass and velocity structure. | 9 |
1-dimensional general relativistic hydrodynamic code with bulk viscosity. `hydro-bulk-1D` tests the correspondence between the bulk viscous formulation of the multi-component fluid and that of the Israel-Stewart theories (see Gavassino, Antonelli, and Haskell, 2021, CQG 38:075001) in the context of neutron stars. The theory and the code are described in the following papers: * [1] Camelio, Gavassino, Antonelli, Bernuzzi, and Haskell, "Simulating bulk viscosity in neutron stars. I. Formalism", PRD 107:103031 (2023). * [2] Camelio, Gavassino, Antonelli, Bernuzzi, and Haskell, "Simulating bulk viscosity in neutron stars. II. Evolution in spherical symmetry", PRD 107:103032 (2023). `hydro-bulk-1D` is released under the MIT License. If you use `hydro-bulk-1D` in your research, please cite Refs. [1] and [2]. EDIT 2023-05-19: for the version of the code updated during peer-review of Refs. [1] and [2], see new code version. | 9 |
a method and apparatus for covering vegetation in a cold or windy environment such that the vegetation is protected from frost . the cover includes a sheet of material that has a parameter edge . the parameter edge is folded to form piping and a weight is positioned within the piping to restrain the movement of the cover when the cover is in position over the vegetation . | 0 |
ergonomic handset for precision manual tools comprising an elongated body and at least one working end comprising a tool - insertion opening at one of said body &# 39 ; s ends and a gripping zone near said opening , said gripping zone comprising three finger - rests designed to form a triangular tapered profile . a saddle - like component may be attached to the handset at the middle thereof , to be worn around the ridge connecting the thumb and the forefinger . | 0 |
a coronary sinus catheter introducer system in which an introducer is installed in the right atrium of the cardiovascular system of a patient for delivery of a coronary sinus catheter into the coronary sinus . a bend near the distal end of the introducer enables placement of the end of the introducer into the coronary sinus opening and within the coronary sinus . a soft pliable tip end provided on the introducer minimizes abrasion of the coronary sinus and its opening by the introducer . | 0 |
a user &# 39 ; s session with a computing device can be migrated to any of a number of devices under the user &# 39 ; s control . by allowing the user to migrate this session between devices in the user &# 39 ; s device - sphere , much of the seamlessness of the user &# 39 ; s experience in cloud computing is provided in a distributed device - sphere . the session is saved on a first device , sent to a second device , and reconstructed on the second device . a session record includes data , such as uris , identifying the multiple open files of the session ; data identifying the applications within which the files were open ; and gui positions of the windows of each of the open files . | 7 |
a casting method for manufacturing various types of ceramics products having an intricate configuration and a partly diversified wall thickness , such as compressor scroll blade and a screw rotor , by casting a slurry including ceramics , etc . in a mold , includes an arrangement wherein the mold is partly or entirely formed of a flexible gel material which can be melted by heating at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the dispersion medium , whereby the stresses generated when molding the product can be mitigated . thus , the molding of a product having a high level of dimensional accuracy can be carried out with ease . | 1 |
non - thrombogenic material comprising a base polymer treated with heparin , the improvement in which the heparin is covalently bonded with the base polymer through only one acetal bond or hemiacetal bond at each bonding site between the heparin and the base polymer . | 8 |
in an icd , a highly efficient biphasic defibrillation pulse is generated by switching at least two charged capacitors from a parallel connection to various combinations of a parallel / series connection or a series connection during the first phase of the defibrillation pulse . such mid - stream parallel / series connection changes of the capacitors and steps up the voltage applied to the cardiac tissue during the first phase . a stepped - up voltage during the first phase , in turn , gives an extra boost to , and thereby forces additional charge into , the cardiac tissue cells , and thereby transfers more charge to the membrane of the excitable cardiac cell than if the capacitors were continuously discharged in series . phase reversal is timed with the cell membrane reaching its maximum value at the end of the first phase . | 0 |
a semiconductor memory device and a refresh clock signal generator thereof are provided . the refresh clock signal generator of the semiconductor memory device includes a voltage generator for receiving a power voltage to generate a voltage which is lower than the power voltage ; a ring oscillator enabled in response to a self refresh control signal , including an odd number of at least three inverters , having a first current consumption when a temperature of the semiconductor memory device is high and a second current consumption when the temperature is low , and generating a clock signal whose cycle is increased as the temperature is lowered ; and a level shifter for converting the clock signal of the voltage which is lower than the power voltage into a refresh clock signal which has a level of the power voltage . | 6 |
a graphical user interface allows users to access multiple third party services and enables the services to provide functionality within the gui adjacent to core functionality of a host application . the gui provides an interface region for third party service functionality that is distinct from , but equal in exposure and prominence to , the core functionality provided by the application hosting the gui . the gui enables seamless switching between a list of available services provided in a service menu . switching between services replaces service function buttons and service branding according to particular service customizations . | 6 |
an electric smoothing iron is provided which has a soleplate which has a low heat capacity and which is heatable by means of light energy produced by lamps , reflectors being provided to reflect the light to the soleplate , and the temperature of the soleplate being monitored by means of a sensor , which iron comprises a microprocessor which receives the measurement values from the sensor and compares said measurement values with presettable nominal values of a temperature control device , which microprocessor is connected to a power control unit which acts as a half - wave control and operates the lamps separately , in series or in parallel . | 3 |
a liquid organocuprous compound of formula of the present invention can be conveniently used in a low - temperature cvd process for the production of a contaminant - free copper film having good step - coverage and hole - filling properties : ## str1 ## wherein : r 1 represents a c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl group , and r 2 and r 3 are each independently a perfluorinated c 1 - 4 alkyl group . | 2 |
a multipoint recorder has a multicolor ink cartridge arranged to be selectively aligned with a recording head having a plurality of selectively energizable recording elements whereby a color from the multicolor ink cartridge is selected for printing by the recording elements . a fixed color operation of the recorder enables a recording to be made in a single color by maintaining a preselected alignment of the recording head and a desired color in the multicolor ink cartridge . alternatively , the color of the recording can be selectively altered at any time to produce a multicolor recording by selecting a corresponding color from the multicolor ink cartridge for each recording . | 6 |
in accordance with embodiments of the invention , in a wireless local area network configured in accordance with the hiperlan type 2 standard where an access point and mobile terminals use a duplex airlink having a mac frame structure to communicate with each other , when an mt fails to properly perceive and decode a wakeup announcement in the mac frame that is directed to it by the ap , the mt will remain awake and continue to decode and monitor subsequent mac frames until it either receives a wakeup announcement directed to it , or until a predetermined number of mac frames transpire . where the mt fails to correctly decode a wakeup announcement and / or fails to send an acknowledgment signal back to the ap when the wakeup announcement includes a polling request , the ap will continue to resend the wakeup announcement and any appropriate , associated downlink data pending for the ap , in subsequent mac frames . the ap continues until either the mt correctly receives the wakeup announcement and responds appropriately , or until a predetermined number of mac frames expire . | 8 |
this invention relates to telecommunications , and in particular , to a rich communication suite and rcs - e messaging infrastructure within a network without the need to deploy an ip multimedia subsystem core within the network . | 7 |
this invention details a lubrication system for an automatic transmission , specifically the bearings of the planetary pinion gears . the planetary carriers have grooves formed in spider and flange sections thereof to carry the lubricating material from the inner diameter of the planetary carrier to the inner diameter of each pinion gear bearing mounted in the planetary carrier . the invention further includes two thrust washers that are assembled on opposing sides of each pinion gear that have axially and radially extending slots that further carry the oil between the inner diameter of the planetary carrier and the outer diameter of the planetary carrier . lastly , the invention discloses a method for lubricating the pinion gears of the planetary carrier . | 5 |
the present invention provides a system and method of timing estimation for use in a digital , receiver within a communication system . this method exploits the complementary information available from the use of two different nonlinearities to estimate the timing offset following asynchronous sampling of the received signal at a rate of two samples per symbol . the present method operates in a feedforward configuration thereby avoiding issues associated with feedback configurations such as hangup . the present method uses a magnitude square nonlinearity as well as a delay , complex conjugate and multiply nonlinearity to calculate the timing offset . the choice of these nonlinearities is influenced by the need for the estimator to operate in the presence of a phase offset on the received signal . timing estimators which can tolerate the presence of a slowly varying phase offset over the observation interval on the received signal are especially important in all - digital feedforward receiver design . separating the two sample per symbol outputs from the nonlinearities into odd and even samples provides four signals which , when suitably manipulated , yield an expression for the timing estimate . this timing offset is then fed to a timing correction unit which calculates the data samples corresponding to the sampling clock phase and removes the redundant samples . the resultant sampled signal is then forwarded to additional synchronization and functional units in the receiver . the system may be utilized in a variety of digital receivers employing cdma , tdma , fdma and / or any combination of the principles of the above or other technologies . | 7 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for inhibiting diffusion of mobile atoms from an antiferromagnetic layer toward a tunnel oxide layer and through a ferromagnetic layer which is pinned by the antiferromagnetic layer . diffusion of the mobile atoms is inhibited by an oxide layer provided between the anti - ferromagnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer . alternatively , the ferromagnetic layer can have boron atoms located on or in the layer to fill interstices . | 7 |
We present new measurements of the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMFs) and ultraviolet luminosity functions (UV LFs) for galaxies from z = 6-9 within the Frontier Field cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 and its parallel field. To obtain these results, we derive the stellar masses of our sample by fitting synthetic stellar population models to their observed spectral energy distribution with the inclusion of nebular emission lines. This is the deepest and farthest in distance mass function measured to date and probes down to a level of M<SUB>*</SUB> = 10<SUP>6.8 </SUP>M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The main result of this study is that the low-mass end of our GSMF to these limits and redshifts appears to become steeper from -1.98_{-0.07}^{+0.07} at z = 6 to -2.38_{-0.88}^{+0.72} at z = 9, steeper than previously observed mass functions at slightly lower redshifts, and we find no evidence of turnover in the mass range probed. We furthermore demonstrate that the UV LF for these systems also appears to show a steepening at the highest redshifts, without any evidence of turnover in the luminosity range probed. Our M<SUB>UV</SUB>-M<SUB>*</SUB> relation exhibit shallower slopes than previously observed and are in accordance with a constant mass-to-light ratio. Integrating our GSMF, we find that the stellar mass density increases by a factor of {∼ }15_{-6}^{+21} from z = 9 to z = 6. We estimate the dust-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) to calculate the specific SFRs (sSFR = SFR/M<SUB>*</SUB>) of our sample, and find that for a fixed stellar mass of 5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, sSFR ∝ (1 + z)<SUP>2.01 ± 0.16</SUP>. Finally, from our new measurements, we estimate the UV luminosity density (ρ<SUB>UV</SUB>) and find that our results support a smooth decline of ρ<SUB>UV</SUB> towards high redshifts. | 9 |
an integral nuclear fuel element assembly utilizes longitudinally finned fuel pins . the continuous or interrupted fins of the fuel pins are brazed to fins of juxtaposed fuel pins or directly to the juxtaposed fuel pins or both . the integrally brazed fuel assembly is designed to satisfy the thermal and hydraulic requirements of a fuel assembly lattice having moderator to fuel atom ratios required to achieve high conversion and breeding ratios . | 8 |
a driveline retarder coupled to a vehicle driveline where a ball ramp actuator having a control plate and an activation plate separated by rolling elements is energized by an electrical coil is used to apply a clamping load on a clutch pack which frictionally couples a rotating shaft to a gerotor hydraulic pump which is used to absorb rotational energy to create a braking torque on the vehicle driveline to aid in vehicle braking . a coupling plate is electromagnetically attracted to the electrical coil thereby transferring a braking torque to the control plate through a flex plate . | 5 |
We present, for the first time, recoil velocity estimates for binary neutron star mergers using data from numerical relativity simulations. We find that binary neutron star merger remnants can have recoil velocity of the order of a few tens of kilometers per second and as high as 150 kilometers per second in our dataset. These recoils are attained due to equivalent contributions from the anisotropic gravitational wave emission as well as the asymmetric ejection of dynamical matter during the merger. We provide fits for net recoil velocity as well as its ejecta component as a function of the amount of ejected matter, which may be useful when constraints on the ejected matter are obtained through electromagnetic observations. We also estimate the mass and spin of the remnants and find them to be in the range [2.34 ,3.38 ]M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and [0.63, 0.82], respectively, for our dataset. | 9 |
disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers . one apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram . the ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container . another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk , material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system . optionally , the apparatuses further include a stand and / or collapsible legs to further support the hopper . | 1 |
an egress packet modifier includes a script parser and a pipeline of processing stages . rather than performing egress modifications using a processor that fetches and decodes and executes instructions in a classic processor fashion , and rather than storing a packet in memory and reading it out and modifying it and writing it back , the packet modifier pipeline processes the packet by passing parts of the packet through the pipeline . a processor identifies particular egress modifications to be performed by placing a script code at the beginning of the packet . the script parser then uses the code to identify a specific script of opcodes , where each opcode defines a modification . as a part passes through a stage , the stage can carry out the modification of such an opcode . as realized using current semiconductor fabrication process , the packet modifier can modify 200m packets / second at a sustained rate of up to 100 gigabits / second . | 7 |
The progenitor systems accounting for explosions of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still under debate. Symbiotic channel is one of the possible progenitor scenarios, in which the WDs in these systems increase in mass through wind accretion from their red giant companions. The mass-loss processes of the giants in the symbiotic systems could produce the amount of circumstellar medium (CSM), and detections of interaction signals between SN ejecta and CSM can be used as an ideal way to distinguish different progenitor models. However, the density distribution and geometric structure of the CSM around the symbiotic systems remain highly uncertain. By assuming that the tidal torque from binary interaction can increase the mass-loss rate of the red giant and cause the stellar wind concentrate towards the equatorial plane, we provide a simplified method to estimate the density and the degree of deviation from spherical symmetry for the CSM. Based on the calculations of the binary evolutions of symbiotic systems using stellar evolution code mesa, we obtained the parameter space for producing SNe Ia. We found that SNe Ia could originate from symbiotic systems with massive carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs), while the half-opening angle of the stellar wind from red giant towards the WD varies with the binary evolution, resulting in the formation of surrounding CSM with different geometric structures. The corresponding properties of ejecta-CSM interactions may be examined by spectropolarimetry observations in the future, from which one may find an additional relationship between circumstellar environment of SNe Ia and their progenitor systems. | 9 |
This is a pre-release of the code that accompanies the first arxived version of our paper Open manifolds with non-homeomorphic positively curved souls. The following classifications of positively curved Eschenburg spaces are implemented: – classification up to homotopy equivalence – classification up to tangential homotopy equivalence – classification up to homeomorphism The implementation relies on the classification results of Kruggel using Kreck-Stolz invariants. | 9 |
a semiconductor device which includes : a semiconductor chip bonded to a surface of a solid device ; and a stiffener surrounding the periphery of the semiconductor chip . a surface of the stiffener opposite from the solid device is generally flush with a surface of the semiconductor chip opposite from the solid device . | 7 |
a continuous process for the deposition of robust titanium - containing barrier layers comprises sputtering in a single substrate sputtering chamber a first layer of titanium , sputtering a layer of titanium nitride thereover , treating the titanium nitride layer with a plasma containing oxygen while continuing to sputter the titanium target to deposit a thin layer of tion , and finally sputtering a layer of titanium over the titanium nitride . the latter step removes impurities from the titanium target , preventing poisoning of the target . thus subsequent substrates can be continuously processed in said chamber without degrading the barrier properties or poisoning the titanium target . | 2 |
a superposition principle of waveform based on conceptions of waveform continuity and flexible regulation of voltage proposes three concepts , respectively being flexible ac transformation , flexible power transmission and transformation and flexible voltage regulation ; proposes three new technologies , respectively being a transient impedance technology , a flexible stepless voltage regulation technology and a flexible stepped voltage regulation technology ; proposes three new products , being an ac voltage regulating electronic switch , a transient impedance transformer and a high - speed voltage regulating transformer ; proposes six high - voltage power grid connection methods , being a power grid connection method type of a transient impedance transformer , a power grid connection method of a transient impedance step up auto transformer and the like ; and proposes a new reactive compensation connection method for a reactive compensation device . | 8 |
a power supply for a microwave range , which can control its own output voltage over a wide range of voltages by utilizing a voltage driving type switching element , and which includes a first transformer for driving a dc voltage , a switching element for driving the first transformer , a controller for supplying a switching signal which is pulse - width - modulated to the switching element , and a second transformer for transmitting the switching signal from the controller to the switching element . a buffer is coupled between the second transformer and the switching element for generating an amplified buffered switching signal , which maintains a constant dc voltage level and swing width so as to correctly drive the switching element . | 7 |
In this study, we estimate the fraction of binaries with high mass ratios for 202 open clusters in the extended solar neighbourhood (closer than 1.5 kpc from the Sun). This is one of the largest homogeneous catalogues of multiplicity fractions in open clusters to date, including the unresolved and total (close-binary) multiplicity fractions of main-sequence systems with mass ratio greater than 0.6<SUB> -0.15</SUB><SUP>+0.05</SUP> . The unresolved multiplicity fractions were estimated applying a flexible mixture model to the observed Gaia colour-magnitude diagrams of the open clusters. Then we used custom Gaia simulations to account for the resolved systems and derived the total multiplicity fractions. The studied open clusters have ages between 6.6 Myr and 3.0 Gyr and total high-mass-ratio multiplicity fractions between 6% and 80%, with a median of 18%. The multiplicity fractions increase with the mass of the primary star, as expected. The average multiplicity fraction per cluster displays an overall decreasing trend with the open cluster age up to ages about 100 Myr, above which the trend increases. Our simulations show that most of this trend is caused by complex selection effects (introduced by the mass dependence of the multiplicity fraction and the magnitude limit of our sample). Furthermore, the multiplicity fraction is not significantly correlated with the clusters' position in the Galaxy. The spread in multiplicity fraction decreases significantly with the number of cluster members (used as a proxy for cluster mass). We also find that the multiplicity fraction decreases with metallicity, in line with recent studies using field stars. <P />The results are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr">cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/675/A89">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/675/A89</A> | 9 |
due to the frequency dependence of phasing mechanisms applied in planar printed reflectors , when using planar printed reflector antennas beam squint occurs as the frequency is scanned within the operating band . in order to reduce or eliminate beam squint , an incident signal incident upon a reflector is altered in such a way that the outgoing signal retains a same direction . in an embodiment , this is achieved by providing feed elements in different locations , each feed element for feeding a signal of a different frequency . in another embodiment , two reflector arrays are used wherein beam squint caused by the first reflector array is compensated for by the second reflector array . | 7 |
a method and device for reporting antenna calibration information and determining antenna calibration factor are provided by the present invention . when reporting the antenna calibration information , a user equipment estimates the downlink equivalent baseband channel from a plurality of antennas of the base station to the ue ; according to the equivalent baseband channel , determines the amplitude response and delay value to be reported , and then reports the amplitude response and delay value to the base station . when determining the antenna calibration factor , according to the uplink signal sent by the ue on the base station - directed time - frequency resources , the base station determines the amplitude response and the delay value ; according to the amplitude response and delay value reported by the ue and according to the amplitude response and delay value determined by the uplink signal , the base station calculates the antenna calibration factor . because the ue pre - processing process is added , the sensitivity degrees to the channel estimation error and to the channel doppler extension are reduced . | 7 |
a method for producing an indan derivative represented by the formula : ## str1 ## by condensing an n -- α - amino acid with an n - glycine alkyl or aralkyl ester in the presence of a diphenyl phosphorochloridate , and a method for producing another indan derivative having anti - hypertensive activity by using the above intermediate indan derivative are useful for industrial production of the indan derivative having anti - hypertensive activity . | 2 |
the present invention is directed to drug dosage forms that release an agent that raises the ph of a patient &# 39 ; s gastrointestinal tract , followed by a non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drug . the dosage form is designed so that the nsaid is not released until the intragastric ph has been raised to a safe level . the invention also encompasses methods of treating patients by administering this coordinated release , gastroprotective , antiarthritic / analgesic combination unit dosage form to achieve pain and symptom relief with a reduced risk of developing gastrointestinal damage such as ulcers , erosions and hemorrhages . | 0 |
Lightcurves of many classical novae deviate from the canonical "fast rise - smooth decline" pattern and display complex variability behavior. We present the first TESS-space-photometry-based investigation of this phenomenon. We use TESS Sector 41 full-frame images to extract a lightcurve of the slow Galactic nova V606 Vul that erupted nine days prior to the start of the TESS observations. The lightcurve covers the first of two major peaks of V606 Vul that was reached 19 days after the start of the eruption. The nova reached its brightest visual magnitude V=9.9 in its second peak 64 days after the eruption onset, following the completion of Sector 41 observations. To increase the confidence level of the extracted lightcurve, we performed the analysis using four different codes implementing the aperture photometry (Lightkurve, VaST) and image subtraction (TESSreduce, tequila_shots) and find good agreement between them. We performed ground-based photometric and spectroscopic monitoring to complement the TESS data. The TESS lightcurve reveals two features: periodic variations (0.12771d, 0.01mag average peak-to-peak amplitude) that disappeared when the source was within 1mag of peak optical brightness and a series of isolated mini-flares (with peak-to-peak amplitudes of up to 0.5mag) appearing at seemingly random times. We interpret the periodic variations as the result of azimuthal asymmetry of the photosphere engulfing the nova-hosting binary that was distorted by and rotating with the binary. Whereas we use spectra to associate the two major peaks in the nova lightcurve with distinct episodes of mass ejection, the origin of mini-flares remains elusive. | 9 |
methods and apparatus for burning fuel from a supply of solid fuel positioned at one side of a grating light a layer of the solid fuel at the grating to discharge combustible gas . such discharged gas is drawn through the grating to a side of the grating opposite the mentioned one side and such drawn gas is burned at the other side of the grating . attainable temperature of said grating , acting as a primary grating , is increased by providing a secondary grating spaced from such primary grating and located between that primary grating and a fire chamber . the methods and apparatus of the subject invention enable particulate , pelletized and other solid fuels , as well as combustible refuse and garbage , to be burned at an efficiency and convenience similar to the combustion of heating oil , and yet provide heat at a fraction of the cost of oil and gas heating methods . | 5 |
a method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue based upon infrared imaging in two different bands of infrared wavelengths is described . the use of two series of infrared images taken in two different bands of infrared wavelengths increases sensitivity to the subtle temperature changes caused by diseased skin and tissue , especially in the case of cancerous tissue . by sensing skin temperature , the homogeneity thereof , the time variations thereof and the correlation between the two series of infrared images , the present invention decreases the rate of false positives and false negatives . the increased discrimination due to two series of infrared images allows for reliable detection of diseased or cancerous tissue even in the presence of skin tone variations such as birthmarks , tattoos and freckles . the present invention finds special application in the field of breast cancer detection where subtle skin temperature variations may readily be sensed using two series of infrared images . | 0 |
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans a Phobos sample return mission (MMX: Martian Moons eXploration). In this study, we review the related works on the past climate of Mars, its evolution, and the present climate and weather to describe the scientific goals and strategies of the MMX mission regarding the evolution of the Martian surface environment. The MMX spacecraft will retrieve and return a sample of Phobos regolith back to Earth in 2029. Mars ejecta are expected to be accumulated on the surface of Phobos without being much shocked. Samples from Phobos probably contain all types of Martian rock from sedimentary to igneous covering all geological eras if ejecta from Mars could be accumulated on the Phobos surface. Therefore, the history of the surface environment of Mars can be restored by analyzing the returned samples. Remote sensing of the Martian atmosphere and monitoring ions escaping to space while the spacecraft is orbiting Mars in the equatorial orbit are also planned. The camera with multi-wavelength filters and the infrared spectrometer onboard the spacecraft can monitor rapid transport processes of water vapor, dust, ice clouds, and other species, which could not be traced by the previous satellites on the sun-synchronous polar orbit. Such time-resolved pictures of the atmospheric phenomena should be an important clue to understand both the processes of water exchange between the surface/underground reservoirs and the atmosphere and the drivers of efficient material transport to the upper atmosphere. The mass spectrometer with unprecedented mass resolution can observe ions escaping to space and monitor the atmospheric escape which has made the past Mars to evolve towards the cold and dry surface environment we know today. Together with the above two instruments, it can potentially reveal what kinds of atmospheric events can transport tracers (e.g., H<SUB>2</SUB>O) upward and enhance the atmospheric escape. | 9 |
In this release, we significantly improve the authorization handling with the following three features: base_path can now take a comma-separated list of paths, allowing a single issuer to cover multiple parts of the filesystem namespace. restricted_path was introduced. This option restricts the paths the issuer is allowed to issue authorizations for within its base area(s). It is intended to ease the migrations to a SciTokens-based setup for existing storages where multiple groups share a same base area. default_user was introduced. This provides the ability to set the username in the credential for requests that pass the scitokens authorization. It allows the sysadmin to map the filesystem access of an issuer to a specific Unix username. | 9 |
the present inventions relate generally to umbilicals comprising at least one inner tube and at least one composite fiber element to provide greater resistance to radial compressive forces . such umbilicals may be used in subsea hydrocarbon production applications . | 6 |
the invention relates to a novel acylate which is the reaction product of a substance which is selected from the group consisting of naturally occuring alpha - aminocarboxylic acids , neurotransmitters other than such acids , and central or peripheral nervous system pharmacologically active compounds , and containing a functional group including an acylatable hydrogen atom , or a reactive derivative thereof ; and an essential fatty acid or a reactive derivative thereof ; and including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such acylates possessing a basic and acidic function ; and to their functional derivatives . the acylates and their functional derivatives may be used for treatment of a disease or condition related to a neurotransmitter defector deficiency , or to another central or peripheral nervous system defect or deficiency , and in particular parkinson &# 39 ; s disease . | 2 |
the inventive apparatus is a convenient , unobtrusive appliance for providing support in the prevention of injury due to personal computer keyboard use . in particular , the inventive apparatus supports the entire arm and further assists the keyboard user in that it allows the shoulder muscles to remain relaxed , and the knuckles , wrists , and forearms to maintain the same plane during keyboard usage . further , the inventive apparatus is designed to support and maintain good posture at the keyboard . the inventive apparatus is worn by a user on the user &# 39 ; s upper body and it receives it support from the wearer &# 39 ; s waist and upper back , while avoiding contact at the wearer &# 39 ; s shoulder and neck . it supports both arms and the upper body without encumbering the wearer of the apparatus . the inventive apparatus supports the wearer &# 39 ; s upper body movements by acting as a suspension system in that it absorbs the damaging energy that so often is the initial cause of repetitive stress injury to keyboard users . | 8 |
a chair of the tilting type which includes a base , a seat and back , with the base pivotally supporting the seat with two parallel links of a four - bar parallel linkage , with one of the links extending to support the back . the four - bar linkage is duplicated on each side of the chair by forming the two opposite parallel links or cranks from the upturned ends of the tubes which pass through the base in parallel but vertically offset fashion , the base thus forming the fixed bar of the linkage with its opposite bar or coupler being formed by the seat . a spring within the base is operative on one of the tubes to urge the chair to an upright position . the tubes are pivotally connected to the seat and one of the tubes extends and is fixedly connected to the back . as the back tilts , the four - bar mechanism is engaged and lifts the seat which thereby uses the occupant &# 39 ; s weight to counteract the reclining . also disclosed is an adjustable armrest that can readily raised , or lowered , and optionally rotated in a horizontal plane . a further aspect of the present disclosure is a headrest that is pushed into place when the chair is reclined and retracted when the chair returns to an upright position . | 0 |
a decorative pond which includes a pond area , a water feature for discharging water into the pond and a skimmer construction for receiving pond water , separating debris from the pond water and recirculating filtered water to the water feature . the skimmer construction includes : a housing which defines a fixed pond - water receiving aperture , an internal assembly positioned adjacent the fixed aperture defines a movable pond water receiving aperture that is selectively positionable relative to the fixed aperture . the combination of the fixed and movable apertures define an inlet opening to the skimmer for receipt of pond water in said housing . a debris collection member is positioned rearwardly of the inlet opening to receive incoming pond water from the inlet opening so as to collect debris . a controllably positionable discharge assembly is provided in association with the skimmer construction so as to permit control of water levels in the skimmer . | 0 |
a contaminant sensor is provided which has an ultrasonic guided wave transducer that is bonded to a wall in which the ultrasonic energy is transmitted . a detector reflector is provided at a selected distance from the transducer , which will reflect signals that are affected or changed by contaminants collecting on an exposed surface of the wall . a self test reflector is positioned closely adjacent to the transducer and provides a reflected signal that is substantially unaffected by contaminants on the exposed surface of the wall , but which reflects signals only when the transducer assembly is functioning properly , and is properly bonded to the wall . the signal that is reflected by the self test reflector changes when the bond loosens . the receiver is activated right after transmission ceases to determine if the transmitter is operating . | 6 |
a system and method to tenderize and sterilize meat provides for uninterrupted processing of batches of meat and avoids delays and possibility of contamination of the meat . a conveyer belt carries batches of meat through liquid in a container . first and second arrays of electro - mechanical transducers are disposed in the liquid . the first array of electro - mechanical transducers is arranged facing one side of the conveyer belt and batch of meat , and the second array of electromechanical transducers is arranged facing the other side of the conveyer belt and meat . the first and second arrays of electro - mechanical transducers are oriented and controlled to simultaneously project converging shock waves of energy to and into the batch of meat . other batches of meat are placed on and picked up from the conveyer belt by feeder and pick - up conveyers to provide for continuous tenderizing and / or sterilizing without introducing contaminations . | 0 |
nanowhiskers are grown in a non - preferential growth direction by regulation of nucleation conditions to inhibit growth in a preferential direction . in a preferred implementation , & lt ; 001 & gt ; iii - v semiconductor nanowhiskers are grown on an iii - v semiconductor substrate surface by effectively inhibiting growth in the preferential & lt ; 111 & gt ; b direction . as one example , & lt ; 001 & gt ; inp nano - wires were grown by metal - organic vapor phase epitaxy directly on inp substrates . characterization by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed wires with nearly square cross sections and a perfect zincblende crystalline structure that is free of stacking faults . | 8 |
a programmable transceiver for a network element includes a programmable circuit including internal logic and control logic . interfaces connect the programmable circuit to a network and a network element . the control logic facilitates programming of the internal logic responsive to an in - band program signal while the programmable circuit services network traffic received via at least one of the interfaces . | 7 |
Context. The chemistry of planet-forming disks sets the exoplanet atmosphere composition and the prebiotic molecular content. Dust traps are of particular importance as pebble growth and transport are crucial for setting the chemistry where giant planets form. <BR /> Aims: The asymmetric Oph IRS 48 dust trap located at 60 au radius provides a unique laboratory for studying chemistry in pebble-concentrated environments in warm Herbig disks with gas-to-dust ratios as low as 0.01. <BR /> Methods: We use deep ALMA Band 7 line observations to search the IRS 48 disk for H<SUB>2</SUB>CO and CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH line emission, the first steps of complex organic chemistry. <BR /> Results: We report the detection of seven H<SUB>2</SUB>CO and six CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH lines with energy levels between 17 and 260 K. The line emission shows a crescent morphology, similar to the dust continuum, suggesting that the icy pebbles play an important role in the delivery of these molecules. Rotational diagrams and line ratios indicate that both molecules originate from warm molecular regions in the disk with temperatures > 100 K and column densities ∼10<SUP>14</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> or a fractional abundance of ∼10<SUP>−8</SUP> and with H<SUB>2</SUB>CO/CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH ∼0.2, indicative of ice chemistry. Based on arguments from a physical-chemical model with low gas-to-dust ratios, we propose a scenario where the dust trap provides a huge icy grain reservoir in the disk midplane, or an `ice trap', which can result in high gas-phase abundances of warm complex organic molecules through efficient vertical mixing. <BR /> Conclusions: This is the first time that complex organic molecules have been clearly linked to the presence of a dust trap. These results demonstrate the importance of including dust evolution and vertical transport in chemical disk models as icy dust concentrations provide important reservoirs for complex organic chemistry in disks. | 9 |
different algorithms are used in h . 264 / avc intra coding to form three coding levels . algorithms used in two of the three coding levels reduce calculation complexities and power consumptions . the basic level is an exception , which fully keeps an original picture quality . thus , various needs can be met by coding in the various levels with the various algorithms . | 7 |
a cutting tool provides a device for cutting a plate glass corner . the structure includes upper and lower blades which are opened and closed to cut the plate glass . the upper and lower blade edge lines mutually oppose each other to form a cutter body having a scissor shape . the upper and lower blade edge lines also coincide with the planned cut line of the corner section of the plate glass . | 1 |
a wide - band fiber - optic tunable filter is provided . dispersive polymers with different dispersion characteristics and side - polished fibers are used to fabricate wide - band tunable band - pass filters , band - rejection filters , short - wavelength - pass filters or long - wavelength - pass filters . this kind of wide - band fiber - optic tunable fiber filters is able to be used in the applications of fiber - to - the - home system networks . it is also able to be used in the applications of sensitive temperature sensors , high - resolution fiber refractometers , gain - flattened filters , fiber modal filters and fiber mode - field expanders / condensers . | 6 |
All code and data associated with reproducing results from "Parallelized Domain Decomposition for Multi-Dimensional Lagrangian Random Walk, Mass-Transfer Particle Tracking Schemes" in Geoscientific Model Development. Plotting scripts and results data are included. | 9 |
a base station , includes : a transmitter , configured to transmit a first coexistent interference frequency set configured for ue to a target base station , when the ue is handed over from a source base station to the target base station ; wherein coexistence interference on each frequency in the first coexistence interference frequency set is to be evaluated by the ue when the ue is in a cell of the source base station , and the evaluation results indicate that whether there exists coexistent interference on each frequency in the first coexistent interference frequency set . | 7 |
a top - tensioned riser system comprises a substantially vertical riser extending upward from the seafloor ; a conductor surrounding an upper portion of the riser in spaced - apart relation ; a coaxial keel guide surrounding a lower portion of the conductor ; a tensioner attached to the conductor and the riser ; a keel guide support structure attached to the keel guide and connected to the keel of a dry - tree , semi - submersible vessel ; and , a keel joint centralizer attached to the riser proximate the keel guide and sized to prevent radial movement of the riser relative to the conductor . side loads on the riser are reacted from the riser to the conductor via the keel joint centralizer and then to the keel of the vessel via the keel guide . | 4 |
herein described is a method and apparatus for controlling braking and stopping of the slewing of an upper slewing body which is slewingably provided on a construction and hoists a load , represented by a rotary crane , wherein the braking torque for braking the upper slewing body and the braking torque for braking a hoisting load are separately obtained by the calculated slewing angular acceleration , and the whole braking torque is calculated on the basis of both the braking torques , thereby achieving a high accurate control of the slewing stop . | 1 |
this invention relates to a method and apparatus for converting a current signal into a two - level output voltage depending on a reference current signal . in one embodiment , a first current , which is the reference current signal is applied to the apparatus . a negative feedback sets the output of the apparatus in a certain configuration . any current signal to be compared to the reference current signal may be then applied . the output voltage level depends on whether the current signal is lower or higher than the reference current signal . | 7 |
a game ball with non - slip layer includes a plurality of f stretchable panels , and marginal edges of the panels connected and sealed together to form a ball surface , and the ball surface having in inflating hole to inflate air into an inflatable bag formed inside the panels ; and a non - slip mesh layer covered around an outer surface of the ball surface to provide improved handing and playable characteristics . | 0 |
a locking and release mechanism for securing a loading / unloading buoy to a vessel . the buoy is of a type to be introduced into a submerged downwardly open receiving space in the vessel and to be fastened in a releasable manner in the receiving space . the locking and release mechanism includes hydraulically actuated locking elements mounted about horizontal axes at the sides of the receiving space to pivot between the locking and releasing positions . the buoy has a peripheral collar with downwardly facing abutment edge for engagement with the locking elements in the locking position thereof . | 1 |
We explore the use of different radio galaxy populations as tracers of different mass haloes and therefore, with different bias properties, to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type. We perform a Fisher matrix analysis based on the predicted auto- and cross-angular power spectra of these populations, using simulated redshift distributions as a function of detection flux and the evolution of the bias for the different galaxy types (star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, radio-quiet quasars, FR I and FR II AGN galaxies). We show that such a multitracer analysis greatly improves the information on non-Gaussianity by drastically reducing the cosmic variance contribution to the overall error budget. By applying this method to future surveys, we predict a constraint of σ f<SUB>nl</SUB> = 3.6 on the local non-Gaussian parameter for a galaxy detection flux limit of 10 μJy and σ f<SUB>nl</SUB> = 2.2 for 1 μJy. We show that this significantly improves on the constraints obtained when using the whole undifferentiated populations (σ f<SUB>nl</SUB> = 48 10 μJy and σ f<SUB>nl</SUB> = 12 for 1 μJy). We conclude that continuum radio surveys alone have the potential to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity to an accuracy at least a factor of 2 better than the present constraints obtained with Planck data on the cosmic microwave background bispectrum, opening a window to obtain σ f<SUB>nl</SUB> ∼ 1 with the Square Kilometre Array. | 9 |
a personal electrostatic safety monitor comprising an electronic circuit which continuously monitors electrostatic energy transfer and similar forms of electrical energy transfer for the purpose of human safety . the electronic circuit employs lights , buzzers or other suitable alerting devices to provide personnel with a warning of conditions which create a hazard or nuisance with regard to static electricity or other forms of electrical energy . | 6 |
a stacking machine includes a pair of gripping jaws that are openable and closable to grip a leading edge of an article and move it to a stacking position . the jaws are moved between a gripping position and a release position by a fluid cylinder assembly and are automatically moved to an intermediate position when the jaws are moved to receive an article . air flow is used to straighten the trailing part of the article on the stack . the gripping jaws are moved between an article receiving position and an article discharge position by a pneumatic cylinder assembly that will accommodate variations in stack height . | 1 |
We present 3-50 keV NuSTAR observations of the active galactic nuclei Mrk 335 in a very low flux state. The spectrum is dominated by very strong features at the energies of the iron line at 5-7 keV and Compton hump from 10-30 keV. The source is variable during the observation, with the variability concentrated at low energies, which suggesting either a relativistic reflection or a variable absorption scenario. In this work, we focus on the reflection interpretation, making use of new relativistic reflection models that self consistently calculate the reflection fraction, relativistic blurring and angle-dependent reflection spectrum for different coronal heights to model the spectra. We find that the spectra can be well fitted with relativistic reflection, and that the lowest flux state spectrum is described by reflection alone, suggesting the effects of extreme light-bending occurring within ∼2 gravitational radii (R<SUB>G</SUB>) of the event horizon. The reflection fraction decreases sharply with increasing flux, consistent with a point source moving up to above 10 R<SUB>G</SUB> as the source brightens. We constrain the spin parameter to greater than 0.9 at the 3σ confidence level. By adding a spin-dependent upper limit on the reflection fraction to our models, we demonstrate that this can be a powerful way of constraining the spin parameter, particularly in reflection dominated states. We also calculate a detailed emissivity profile for the iron line, and find that it closely matches theoretical predictions for a compact source within a few R<SUB>G</SUB> of the black hole. | 9 |
a high voltage power cable assembly for applying rectangular high voltage pulses to an x - ray tube of an x - ray diagnostic apparatus , including two conducting lines formed of a plurality of stranded or twisted wires covered with insulating layers , two conductors including a plurality of stranded or twisted wires arranged in opposition to a contact point of the conduct lines , the conductors having opposite ends connected to each other , a semi - conductive layer enclosing the conducting lines and the conductors , an insulating layer covering the semi - conductive layer , a shield layer covering the insulating layer , and a sheath wrapping the shield layer . | 7 |
Instruments, such as the ROTSE, TORTORA, Pi of the Sky, MASTER-net, and others have recorded single-band optical flux measurements of gamma-ray bursts starting as early as ~ 10 s after gamma-ray trigger. The earliest measurements of optical spectral shape have been made only much later, typically on hour time-scales, never starting less than a minute after trigger, until now. Beginning only 58 s after theSwift BAT triggered on GRB201015A, we observed a sharp rise in optical flux to a peak, followed by a power law temporal decay, ∝ t<SUP>-0.81 ± 0.03</SUP>. Flux was measured simultaneously in three optical bands, g', r', and i', using our Burst Simultaneous Three-channel Imager on the Nazarbayev University Transient Telescope at Assy-Turgen Astrophysical Observatory telescope. Our data during the decay show strong colour evolution from red to blue, with a change in the optical log slope of +0.72 ± 0.14; during this time the X-ray log slope remained constant. We did not find evidence for a two-component jet structure or a transition from reverse to forward shock or a prompt emission component that would explain this change in slope. We find that the majority of the optical spectral slope evolution is consistent with a monotonic decay of extinction, evidence of dust destruction. Assuming a constant source spectral slope and an Small Magellanic Cloud-like extinction curve, we derive a change in the local extinction $A_\mathrm{v}^\mathrm{local}$ from ~0.8 mag to 0.3 mag in ~2500 s. This work shows that significant information about the early emission phase is being missed without such early observations with simultaneous multiband instruments. | 9 |
a four - drop bus has each driver or receiver terminated at the characteristic impedance of z 0 . each driver or receiver is connected to a segment of transmission line with a characteristic impedance of z 0 . two of these segments are connected at a first point . the other two of these segments are connected at a second point . the first and second points are connected by a central transmission line with a characteristic impedance of z 0 / 2 . | 7 |
a glazing element for an opening defined by opaque boundaries has an edge region shaped to divert light passing through it in a sense such as to enlarge the field of view through the opening . for this purpose the bounding surfaces of the element diverge towards the edge thereof in the edge region . the same effect can be achieved by an element adhered to or otherwise held in position to the surface of the element in the edge region . | 1 |
a method for providing assistance to each of a plurality of users , each having been enrolled as a member of a community includes receiving , at a server , communications from corresponding mobile devices , each of which is associated with a user who has enrolled as a member in a first community . these emergency communications were initiated by activation of respective personal security buttons on the mobile devices , and provide information about respective security conditions . in response to the communications , the server alerts corresponding first and second security services that are appropriate responding to the respective security conditions . | 7 |
the invention provides an apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor with developer . in the apparatus , there are provided a housing having an open end facing the photoreceptor ; a developing device including a sleeve , disposed in the housing in the vicinity of the open end , for supplying developer onto the photoreceptor through the open end ; feeder , disposed in the housing at a position further from the open end than the sleeve , for feeding developer to the sleeve ; a ridge - like protrusion , provided on a floor of the housing at a position beneath the sleeve , for preventing developer fed by the feeder from passing through between the sleeve and the floor . | 6 |
a method of making tooth belts by formation thereof about the outer peripheral surface of a building drum having a generally cylindrical configuration and a surface defining a series of parallel , tooth - shaped grooves . the belts are formed by wrapping a fabric circumferentially around the building drum and winding a cord of tensile material helically about the fabric . a layer of thermoplastic material is formed about the cord of tensile material , and a cord of shrink material is wrapped helically about the layer of thermoplastic material . the shrink material has a higher softening temperature than the thermoplastic material and will shrink at a temperature below its softening temperature . pressurized steam is applied to the shrink material at a temperature below its softening temperature and between the softening temperature and the melting temperature of the thermoplastic material . this shrinks the shrink material and extrudes a thermoplastic material through the tensile material , against the fabric and into the tooth - shaped groves of the building cylinder . | 1 |
a pmos transistor is coupled directly to both v cc and v ss , for use in an electrostatic discharge protection device , thereby protecting the i / o pad of an integrated circuit . the direct coupling of the pmos transistor to both voltage levels , v cc and v ss , greatly reduces the overall esd hazard , i . e , to all four esd conditions : 1 ) positive against v ss , 2 ) negative against v ss , 3 ) positive against v cc , and 4 ) negative against v cc , the most critical of these tests being the positive against v ss and positive against v cc . | 7 |
the present invention provides a method and a device for classifying data frames . the method is typically carried out by a communication device in a wireless network with quality of service capability . it comprises the step of comparing data in a frame to data in a plurality of classifier entries , wherein the order of comparison of the classifier entries with a frame is a function of a quality of service priority level , and the step of classifying a frame for which a match is found as a function of a parameter associated with the matching classifier entry . | 7 |
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