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35952562

Assessment of current reservoir sedimentation rate and storage capacity loss: An Italian overview.

Sedimentation has a prominent impact on the functionality and lifetime of reservoirs and is a growing concern for stakeholders. Various parameters influence sedimentation caused by soil erosion. Here we have examined fifty Italian reservoirs to determine sedimentation rates and storage capacity loss. The reservoirs studied have an average age of 78 years as of 2021, with the highest loss of capacity observed, equal to 100%, for Ceppo Morelli. For the fifty Italian catchments covering north, south, central and islands of Italy, we found the mean annual sediment yield varying between 17-4000 m

35952563

A new organosilane passivation agent prepared at ambient temperatures to inhibit pyrite oxidation for acid mine drainage control.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental problem caused by the oxidation of pyrite and other metal sulfide ores. Organosilane passivation is an effective strategy to inhibit pyrite oxidation. However, synthetic organic silane passivation agents generally require temperatures of 50-80 °C, resulting in high energy consumption and high synthesis cost. In this study, a 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane -methyltrimethoxysilane (APS-MTMS) coatings was successfully prepared at ambient temperatures of 15-40 °C as a passivation agent to inhibit pyrite oxidation. Chemical leaching tests were used to study the inhibition performance of APS-MTMS for pyrite oxidation. The experimental results showed that the release of the total Fe from APS-MTMS-coated pyrite was 11.31 mg/L after chemical oxidation for 7 hours, and the passivation rate can reach 77.78%. The contact angle of the APS-MTMS-coated pyrite was significantly larger (140.4°) than that of the bare pyrite (58.8°), indicating that APS-MTMS prompted the formation of a superhydrophobic surface of pyrite, improving the oxidation resistance. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to probe the interaction mechanism of APS-MTMS with pyrite. The results indicated that APS accelerated the Si-O-Si formation by amino protonation and enriched a crosslinked network of Si-O-Si and Fe-O-Si on the pyrite surface to prevent pyrite oxidation. This study provides a novel method for preparing organosilane passivation materials at ambient temperatures for AMD control.

35952564

Eco-efficiency estimation with quantile stochastic frontiers: Evidence from the United States.

This paper based on quantile stochastic frontier framework constructs quantile eco-efficiency measures. Using the estimates from the quantile stochastic frontier, the eco-performance of the U.S. states for nitrogen oxides (NO

35952565

Efficient dewatering of waste gasification fine slag based on mechanical pressure-vacuum fields: Dewatering characteristics, energy optimization and potential environmental benefits.

Landfill is the major waste disposal method of high-moisture coal gasification fine slag (GFS) which causes the pollution of soil and water and brings the waste of resources. GFS efficient dewatering is an urgent problem to be solved, which is beneficial to realize its resource utilization. In this paper, mechanical pressure and vacuum coupling energy fields are applied to carry out the dewatering processes of GFS. The pressure field provides strong power for water migration, which makes water leave the particle system, while the vacuum field provides traction for water removal from system. The fine slag produced from Coal-to-methanol (named JC) with larger size particles tends to form "bridging" frameworks among particles, which provides water occurrence space and increases the moisture migration resistance. The mechanical dewatering process has an energy advantage interval, when the sample moisture is reduced to a certain degree, the mechanical force field is mainly used for particle friction and breakage but not for moisture migration. Through dewatering process energy optimization, high moisture gasification fine slag can be removed about 15% water within 30s and energy consumption of efficient dewatering is 2.63 kJ/g which is much lower than that of drying. Efficient dewatering is benefit to the GFS recycling which reduces hazardous materials release to environment. The potential effects of high efficiency dewatering process on GFS resource utilization and the possible eco-design framework for products recycled from the waste GFS were proposed. The research results will provide theoretical guidance for the gasification fine slag efficient dewatering and is benefit to the environment.

35952566

Ammonia and greenhouse emissions from cow's excreta are affected by feeding system, stage of lactation and sampling time.

position of dairy cows' excreta on housing floor leads to ammonia and greenhouse gases production, yet factors affecting total emissions have not been fully disclosed. This work aimed to assess the impact of lactation stage, feeding system and sampling time on gaseous emission potential of cow's faeces and urine in laboratory chambers systems. Individual faeces and urine were collected from two groups of four cows, at peak and post peak lactation, from mercial farms with distinct feeding systems: total mixed ration (TMR), total mixed ration plus concentrate at robot (TMR + robot), and total mixed ration plus concentrate in automatic feeders (TMR + AF). Samples were collected before a.m. (T8h), at middle day (T12h), and before p.m. (T17h) milking. In a laboratory chambers system, faeces and urine were mixed in a ratio of 1.7:1, and ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions were monitored during 48-h. Cumulative N-N

35952567

Cost-effective integrated conservation and restoration priorities by trading off multiple ecosystem services.

Conservation and restoration have long been regarded as two separate management avenues to maintain or enhance ecosystem functioning. Despite monalities in goals, restoration is generally considered a lower priority than conservation due to its generally greater cost, uncertainties in multiple trajectories and deals with already degraded habitats. However, when resources and opportunities for meeting conservation needs are limited, restoration could be an imperative avenue to provide additional benefits from conservation. The priority of conservation and restoration should be integrated based on an identical framework cost effectively to obtain the maximum ecological benefits with minimal costs. We propose a methodological framework to integrate conservation and restoration based on theories of Systematic Conservation Planning, which could identify best integrated conservation and restoration pattern in a cost-effective way on the basis of the provisions of multiple ecosystem services (i.e., carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and habitat quality). The trade-offs among four ecosystem services are assessed with an each of 10% increment in the target levels of ecosystem services. We demonstrated our approach at a regional scale, in the Dongting Lake Area, China. Our results showed that conservation is prioritized in a higher proportion of the study area when the targets are low. When the target level became higher, restoration gained more importance with growing area. This highlights that restoration pattern is indispensable when target setting e high and the integrated conservation and restoration planning is more cost efficient than that of conservation alone. Improving the carbon storage and soil retention would also contribute greatly to an increase in other ecosystems, but increasing the water yield and habitat quality would not guarantee an improvement for others. Integrated conservation and restoration planning will facilitate refine target achievement of conservation and restoration mendations, by the trade-offs between conservation and restoration, and among different ecosystem services, our prioritization framework provides a useful insight in implementing the integrated planning, which can improve the efficiency in increasing ecosystem pared to use either conservation or restoration ways.

35952568

The role of shoulder arthroplasty after chronic brucellosis of glenohumeral joint septic arthritis. A case report and literature reviews.

The main socioeconomic area in Thailand has been the agricultural endemic area, where brucellosis infection, one of the bacterial infectious diseases has been an overlooked diagnose.

35952569

A case of primary mediastinal seminoma with superior vena cava syndrome and large intracardiac thrombus.

Primary mediastinal seminoma is rare, especially plications of superior vena cava syndrome (VCSS) and large thrombus.

35952570

Bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus within a strangulated inguinal hernia: Report of a rare diagnosis.

Gallstone ileus is rare and inguinal hernias mon causes of intestinal obstruction bination of them is a very rare cause of intestinal obstruction. It is accepted that in patients with orbidities surgeons can manage inguinal hernias and gallstone conservatively. In this article we report a patient with gallstone and inguinal hernia that managed with conservatively management because of heart failure but admitted plication of gallstone and hernia and treated successfully.

35952571

Comparison of blood flow between two mechanical compression devices using ultrasound: Animal trial.

During manual pression, maintaining pression depth and consistency is a challenge. Therefore, mechanical pression devices(mCCDs) have been increasingly incorporated in clinical practice. Evaluation parison of the efficacy of these devices is critical for extensive clinical application. Hence, this pared the cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) efficiency of two pression devices, LUCAS™ 3(Physio-Control, Redmond, USA) and Easy Pulse (Schiller Medizintechnik GMBH, Feldkirchen, Germany), in terms of blood flow using ultrasonography(USG) in a swine model.

35952574

Comparison of salivary cortisol, amylase, and chromogranin A diurnal profiles in healthy volunteers.

This study aimed pare the diurnal patterns of three salivary biomarkers (cortisol, amylase, and chromogranin A), as well as the factors affecting their levels.

35952572

Variability in emergency department management of hypothermic infants ≤90 days of age.

Hypothermic infants are at risk for serious bacterial and herpes simplex virus infections, but there are no evidence-based guidelines for managing these patients. We sought to characterize variations and trends in care for these infants in the emergency department (ED).

35952576

Application of DNA barcoding to the entire traditional Chinese medicine industrial chain: A case study of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.

Safety concerns, caused plex and unpredictable adulterants, run through the entire industrial chain of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, the conventional circulation traceability system only focuses on a certain end or link at the back end of the TCM industrial chain, ignoring the integrity of the links cross the entire industrial chain and lacking traceability. In consequence, a strict and rational supervision system is urgently required for the entire industrial chain.

35952578

Cathepsin B/HSP70 complex induced by Ilexsaponin I suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a clinical issue in MI therapy that requires effective intervention. Cathepsin B (CTSB) plays an essential role in regulating cell death, inflammatory response and angiogenesis. Ilexsaponin I (ISI), a triterpenoid saponin obtained from Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn, has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. However, the effect of ISI on MI/RI is unclear.

35952577

A systematic review on potential anticancer activities of Ficus carica L. with focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Many substances derived from nutritional or medicinal plants have been studied for their chemopreventive and antineoplastic properties. Among those studied, Ficus carica has shown to have a significant ability to inhibit tumor formation and development of cancer cells through modulating various signaling mechanisms and interaction including a large number of cell signaling molecules.

35952580

Clinical disease course and survival outcomes following disease recurrence in adenoid cystic carcinoma with and without NOTCH signaling pathway activation.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary cancer. The highest rates of disease recurrence are in patients with NOTCH pathway activation, reported in up to 20%. Novel drugs targeting NOTCH signaling are under investigation in the recurrent/metastatic (R/M) setting. To understand their clinical utility, there is an urgent need to better characterize the disease course and es following current standard of care treatment.

35952582

The state of virtual surgical planning in maxillary Reconstruction: A systematic review.

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) puter aided design utilization in head and neck reconstruction has e increasingly popular within the discipline. Advocates of the technology over traditional free hand surgery cite benefits including improved intraoperative efficiencies and postoperative es that have been demonstrated during mandibular reconstruction. More recently, VSP for maxillary and mid facial reconstruction, generally considered plex than their mandibular counterparts, have been applied with the hopes of similar benefits. However, our literature search revealed no large-scale randomized control trial substantiating these benefits. As such, the aim of this review was to synthesize the existing research on utilization of VSP in the context of maxillary reconstruction. Three databases were systematically searched for articles pertaining to maxillary reconstruction for oncologic, traumatic, or osteoradionecrosis indications. Four hundred and fourteen unique articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers ultimately revealing sixteen studies appropriate for qualitative synthesis including 142 patients. Results of our studies reveal the extreme heterogenicity of application of this technology under the label of virtual surgical planning. e reporting methods were grossly inconsistent amongst all the articles resulting in inability to appropriately synthesize data quantitatively for a meta-analysis. Overall, there was no standard of reporting es of maxillary reconstruction, and no randomized paring virtual surgical planning versus freehand surgery and therefore there is insufficient data to objectively prove purported benefits. To facilitate parative studies, a minimal standard of reporting for maxillary VSP is presented and the need for a randomized control trial is highlighted.

35952586

Surface state dominated and carbon core coordinated red-emitting carbon dots for the detection of Cr

Cr(VI) as a toxic heavy metal ion can easily enter into the body through drinking or eating and cause liver and kidney diseases as well as cancer. Considering its high biological toxicity and adverse effects on human body, it is desirable to develop a probe to monitor its level in the environment. Herein, a high-efficiency fluorescent nanoprobe based on red emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) was established through a convenient solvothermal strategy. The as-prepared CDs with excitation-independency had the fixed emission wavelength at 627 nm when the excitation wavelength was 560 nm. Further study manifested that the new surface state formed by nitrogen and sulfur doping and the increased conjugated system established through dehydration and carbonization were the main reasons for the fluorescence redshift. In this system, these R-CDs as a fluorescent probe exhibited high specificity and sensitivity to Cr

35952588

Detection of microplastics based on spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy.

As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted extensive attention due to its characteristics such as small size and degradation difficulty under natural circumstance. Though there are many detection methods nowadays, there are still some limitations like long detection time, high false detection rate and expensive detection equipment, which make the detection of microplastics exists in natural environment hard to carry out. To improve the environmental conditions, rapid, efficient, and accurate detection methods for microplastics are needed urgently. In this paper, a bined the Spatial heterodyne technology and Raman spectroscopy was proposed to detect the microplastics. A spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) was built, and the algorithms used to process the spectrum data were introduced. An optical system used to collect the Raman signal of the sample was built and connected with the SHS. Four different kinds of microplastic samples were detected by plete system and identification can be achieved according to the Raman spectrum. The samples were also detected by using a normal spectrometer parison. parison of Raman spectrum using conventional dispersion spectrometer was carried out and the result shows that SHS is of higher signal-to-noise ratio. The results indicate that SHRS technology has good performance and development prospects in the field of microplastics detection.

35952587

Upon DFT-D3 dispersion correction and ECD spectral confirmation, only several conformers can stably coexist for three fungal cycloaspeptides (A, D, G).

Dispersion correction in theoretical determination of cyclopeptide conformations is emphasized. Whether in gas approximation or in solvation simulation, the density functional theory with London dispersion correction (DFT-D3) demonstrates that only 2-3 conformers can stably coexist for cycloaspeptides (A, D, G) at B3LYP-D3 and CAM-B3LYP-D3. Conformational rationality is confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Whether for Cotton effect or for excitation energy, TD-B3LYP-D3 has better performances than TD-CAM-B3LYP-D3 because the former can better reproduce the experiment. A molecular orbital analysis is used to interpret ECD, where two energy bands observed in experiment originates from the ππ* transitions other than the σπ* transitions. Long-range correction and solvent effect make H-bonds shorten, and dispersion correction makes them further shorten.

35952573

Current state of knowledge of human DNA polymerase eta protein structure and disease-causing mutations.

POLη, encoded by the POLH gene, is a crucial protein for replicating damaged DNA and the most studied specialized translesion synthesis polymerases. Mutations in POLη are associated with cancer and the human syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum variant, which is characterized by extreme photosensitivity and an increased likelihood of developing skin cancers. The myriad of structural information about POLη is vast, covering dozens of different mutants, numerous crucial residues, domains, and posttranslational modifications that are essential for protein function within cells. Since POLη is key vital enzyme for cell survival, and mutations in this protein are related to aggressive diseases, understanding its structure is crucial for biomedical sciences, primarily due to its similarities with other Y-family polymerases and its potential as a targeted therapy-drug for tumors. This work provides an up-to-date review on structural aspects of the human POLη: from basic knowledge about critical residues and protein domains to its mutant variants, posttranslational modifications, and our current understanding of therapeutic molecules that target POLη. Thus, this review provides lessons about POLη's structure and gathers critical discussions and hypotheses that may contribute to understanding this protein's vital roles within the cells.

35952590

A molecularly imprinted gel photonic crystal sensor for recognition of chiral amino acids.

A new type of photonic crystal gel molecularly imprinted sensor (MIPHs) was synthesized for the visible chiral recognition of amino acids. The color of MIPHs was changed from green to red when it exposured to various l-pyroglutamic acid concentration (0.05-1.0mmoL/L). Thanks to sensitive reflectance of photonic crystal and high selectivity of MIPs, the constructed MIPHs exhibited good performance towards l-pyroglutamic acid in terms of fast response time (3 min) and low detection limit (LOD) (2.4 μmol/L). Besides, MIPHs was found to have good selectivity toward l-pyroglutamic acid in the presence of interference group with similar structures such as d-pyroglutamic acid, l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, and l-proline. In light of these findings, the MIPHs can be used for highly selective recognition of l-pyroglutamic acid. It is expected that our work is able to provide a new roadmap for the chiral identification and separation of amino acids.

35952589

In-situ formation of MnO

Glutathione (GSH)-switched fluorescent assays have appealed much attention due to rapid signal changes of fluorescent probes. However, exposure to exterior environment of fluorescent probe causes photobleaching and premature leakage, leading to low sensitivity and poor photostability. Herein, luminescent SiO

35952579

The burden of mild asthma: Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the NOVELTY study.

Patients with mild asthma represent a substantial proportion of the population with asthma, yet there are limited data on their true burden of disease. We aimed to describe the clinical and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) burden of physician-assessed mild asthma.

35952591

Terahertz spectral identification and low-frequency vibrational analysis of dinitrotoluene isomers.

Identifying dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomers has always been a challenging problem. In this study, five DNT isomers were investigated using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), which demonstrated significant spectral differences including variations in absorption positions and intensities. This suggests that THz-TDS is ideal for rapid identification of DNT isomers. We also employed density functional theory to further discuss the origin of these spectral differences. The results indicate that steric effects between substitute groups, rather than inter-molecular hydrogen bonding, lead to differences in low-frequency vibrations.

35952592

Photometric flow injection analysis of As(III) by using a homemade, LED-based flow-cell device and methyl orange reagent.

Inorganic arsenic especially As(III) is considered a carcinogenic substance and its measurement is important in water samples. In this work, an inexpensive flow injection analysis system was designed for the photometric determination of As(III) at low concentrations. For this purpose, a light-emitting diode (LED) based photometer with a miniaturized detector, was fabricated and used as a determination apparatus and methyl orange was used as a detecting reagent. The fabricated photometer employed the LEDs, as a light source and the light detector. The λ

35952593

Cu

α-synuclein protein aggregates are the major constituent of Lewy bodies, which is a main pathogenic hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Both lipid membranes and Cu

35952595

Adipose-derived stem cells-derived exosomes facilitate cutaneous wound healing by delivering XIST and restoring discoidin domain receptor 2.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have shown potential functions in tissue repair. This study focuses on the effects of ADSCs-Exos on cutaneous wound healing and the potential involvement of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST/microRNA-96-5p (miR-96-5p)/discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) axis.

35952597

Prediagnostic plasma polyphenol concentrations and colon cancer risk: The JPHC nested case-control study.

Epidemiological studies that assessed the associations between dietary polyphenol intakes and colon cancer risk have reported largely null results, possibly due to measurement error associated with dietary assessment. We adopted an objective approach by measuring prediagnostic plasma concentrations of 35 polyphenols and assessing associations with colon cancer risk.

35952596

Diagnostic capacity of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in fetal growth restriction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We aimed to systemically investigate the diagnostic capacity of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio in fetal growth restriction (FGR).

35952599

Refining the definition of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype through inclusion of high-risk clonal groups.

Colibacillosis in poultry is a unique disease manifestation of Escherichia coli in the animal world, as one of the primary routes of entry is via the respiratory tract of birds. Because of this, a novel extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) subpathotype coined avian pathogenic E. coli (or APEC) has been described. Like other ExPEC, this pathotype has been challenging to clearly define, and in the case of APEC, its role as an opportunistic pathogen has plicated these challenges. Using 3,479 temporally matched genomes of poultry-source isolates, we show that the APEC plasmid, previously considered a defining trait of APEC, is highly prevalent in clinical isolates from diseased turkeys. However, the plasmid is also quite prevalent among cecal E. coli isolates from healthy birds, including both turkeys and broilers. In contrast, we identify distinct differences in clonal backgrounds of turkey clinical versus cecal strains, with a subset of sequence types (STs) dominating the clinical landscape (ST23, ST117, ST131, ST355, and ST428), which are rare within the cecal landscape. Because the same clinical STs have also dominated the broiler landscape, we performed lethality assays using strains from dominant STs from clinical or cecal landscapes in embryonated turkey and chicken eggs. We show that, irrespective of plasmid carriage, dominant clinical STs are significantly more virulent than dominant cecal STs. We present a revised APEC screening tool that incorporates APEC plasmid carriage plus markers for dominant clinical STs. This revised APEC pathotyping tool improves the ability to identify high-risk APEC clones within poultry production systems, and identifies STs of interest for mitigation targets.

35952598

Bacteriophage T4 as a nanovehicle for delivery of genes and therapeutics into human cells.

The ability to deliver therapeutic genes and biomolecules into a human cell and restore a defective function has been the holy grail of medicine. Adeno-associated viruses and lentiviruses have been extensively used as delivery vehicles, but their capacity is limited to one (or two) gene(s). Bacteriophages are emerging as novel vehicles for gene therapy. The large 120 × 86-nm T4 capsid allows engineering of both its surface and its interior to binations of DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and plexes. In vitro assembly using ponents allows customization for various applications and for individualized therapies. Its large capacity, cell-targeting capability, safety, and inexpensive manufacturing could open unprecedented new possibilities for gene, cancer, and stem cell therapies. However, efficient entry into primary human cells and intracellular trafficking are significant barriers that must be e by gene engineering and evolution in order to translate phage-delivery technology from bench to bedside.

35952600

Characterization and pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus in Southern China.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a widespread pathogen that induces immunosuppression in 3 to 6-wk-old chickens, casuing great threaten to the poultry industry worldwide. Previously, the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) was mainly prevalent in China. In recent years, the novel variant IBDV (nvIBDV) occurred in China. In this study, we isolated 30 IBDV strains of IBDV from vaccinated chicken flocks in 8 provinces of southern China. Among these isolates, vvIBDV group (13/30) and nvIBDV group (17/30) were identified according to the genome sequencing and phylogenic analysis. Moreover, HB2021-5 and GD2021-17 have pathologic characteristics with severe bursal lesions, as evidenced by necrosis, depletion of lymphocytes, and follicle atrophy. Our findings provide an important reference for understanding the epidemiological status and the evolution of IBDV.

35952601

The influence of hen size and diet nutrient density in early lay on hen performance, egg quality, and hen health in late lay.

The effect of hen size and diet nutrient density during early lay on egg production (EP) at 24 and 69 wk of age (WOA) and late lay egg quality and hen health was evaluated. Based on bodyweight (BW) at 18 WOA ISA Brown hens were assigned as heavier (HW; n = 120) or lighter weight (LW; n =120). Sixty birds from each BW group were fed an early-lay diet of higher nutrient density (HND), or lower nutrient density (LND) between 18 and 24 WOA. From 25 WOA all hens received the same early-lay diet and then from 40 WOA the mid-lay diet. Hen average daily feed intake (ADFI), hen-day EP, egg weight (EW), egg mass (EM), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were assessed at 24 and 69 WOA. Between 66 and 70 WOA eggshell and internal egg quality was evaluated and at 70 WOA BW, liver and bone health were assessed. At 24 WOA BW was highest in HW birds and birds receiving the HND diet (P < 0.01). Concurrently ADFI, and FCR were higher and hen-day EP was lower in pared to LW birds (P < 0.05). The HND diet resulted in lower ADFI and FCR at 24 WOA, but higher EW and pared to the LND diet (P < 0.01). At 69 WOA HW birds had higher ADFI, EW (P < 0.02) and heavier 70 WOA pared to LW hens. The lower FCR of the LW birds at 69 WOA was approaching significance (P = 0.054). Hen weight and diet density did not affect 69 WOA egg production. Between 18 and 69 WOA cumulative FI and EM were higher in HW hens (P < 0.01) than LW hens, as was cumulative FCR (P = 0.053). Hen weight and diet density did not alter 66-70 WOA internal egg quality, but the HND diet generated thicker eggshells and higher eggshell breaking strength (P < 0.05). Seventy WOA liver health, keel curvature and femur breaking strength did not differ. Overall LW hens had lower FCR than HW hens and the early-lay HND diet facilitated improved eggshell integrity during late pared to the LND diet.

35952602

High resolution parallel sequencing reveals multistrain Campylobacter in broiler chicken flocks testing 'negative' by conventional culture methods: implications for control of Campylobacter infection.

Contaminated chicken meat is a major source of human Campylobacteriosis and rates of infection remain high, despite efforts to limit the colonisation of broiler (meat) chicken flocks on farms. Using conventional testing methods of culture or qPCR, Campylobacter is typically detected amongst broiler flocks from 3 wk of age, leading to the assumption that infection is introduced horizontally into chicken rearing houses at this time. In this study, we use parallel sequencing of a fragment of the Campylobacter outer membrane protein, encoded by the porA gene, to test for presence of Campylobacter DNA amongst fresh fecal samples collected from broiler flocks aged 23 to 28 d. Campylobacter DNA was detected in all of the 290 samples tested using the porA target, and in 48% of samples using 16S bacterial profiling, irrespective of whether or not Campylobacter could be detected using conventional qPCR thresholds. A single porAf2 variant was predominant among flocks that would be determined to be Campylobacter 'positive' by conventional means, but a diverse pattern was seen among flocks that were Campylobacter 'negative'. The ability to routinely detect low levels of Campylobacter amongst broiler flocks at a much earlier age than would conventionally be identified requires a re-examination of how and when biosecurity measures are best applied for live birds. In addition, it may be useful to investigate why single Campylobacter variants proliferate in some broiler flocks and not others.

35952603

Carcass traits and fat quality of breeding emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Northern Japan.

Characterization of carcass traits and fat quality is important to effectively produce and genetically improve emus. We investigated carcass traits in 309 emus. The meat production of female emus showed a significantly higher value than that of males (P < 0.01). The fat weight of male (9.232 ± 3.156 kg) was larger than that of the female (7.772 ± 2.697 kg). The fat yield (fat weight per kg of body weight) was strongly correlated to body weight (r = 0.79 and r = 0.75 in male and female, respectively). The fat melting points of females and males were 19.19 ± 3.39°C and 19.39 ± 3.39°C, respectively, without significant difference. Since the fat melting point did not correlate to body and fat weights, we predicted that it was an independent trait from body growth and was highly influenced by genetic elements. Percentages of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids were 22.27 ± 3.50%, 9.37 ± 1.90%, 54.11 ± 5.17%, 13.54 ± 7.80% and 0.71 ± 0.59%, respectively. Among them, linoleic acid contents showed a wide individual difference (range 0.3-19.9%). The oleic/stearic acid ratio showed a negative correlation to the fat melting point. These results suggest that the fat melting point is a good indicator of C18:1/C18:0 ratio in emu fat.

35952604

Gut microbiota activity in chickens from two genetic lines and with outdoor-preferring, moderate-preferring, and indoor-preferring ranging profiles.

Despite the existing research into the gut microbiome of meat chickens, the associations between gut position, its activity and chicken outdoor ranging frequency remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the gut position, activity and metabolic products in chickens of 2 different lines and 3 ranging profiles. Sixty non-beak trimmed birds, either Sasso or Green-legged Partridge were housed with access to outdoor ranges from wk. 5 to 10 of age. Outdoor ranges were video recorded to obtain frequencies of the birds' range use. The information about relative abundance of selected bacterial groups in the ceca including Lactobacillus spp., E. coli, Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium spp. was obtained with the PCR method. Gut microbiota activity was assessed based on the glycolytic activity of bacterial enzymes including, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase as well as based on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caecal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted by generalized linear mixed models, applying the breed and ranging profile as fixed effects and pen as a random factor. The lowest relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was found in the cecal content of indoor-preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001), pared to all other birds in the experiment (ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.07; P = 0.0002). The lowest relative abundance of E. coli was identified for all outdoor-preferring birds and indoor- preferring Sasso birds (0.01 ± 0.001; P = 0.0087). Cecal activity of: α-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase was higher in Green-legged Partridges, pared to Sasso (P = 0.013; P = 0.008; P = 0.004). Valeric acid concentrations were higher in moderate Green-legged Partridges than in Sasso of the same ranging profile (2.03 ± 0.16 vs. 1.5 ± 0.17; 0.016). The majority of the current results confirmed an effect of genotype and ranging profile on the various analyzed parameters. In outdoor-preferring birds, the consumption of pasture originating feed sources as a supplement to the indoor accessible cereal-based diet likely caused the positive effects on the birds' microbial profile.

35952605

Exhausted practical sovereignty and lateral agency: Non-uptake of treatment for hepatitis C in the antiviral era.

With the advent of highly effective antiviral treatment for hepatitis C, many people have undergone treatment and been cured. Others, however, have not undergone treatment, even where it is free and readily available. Australia's aim of eliminating the disease by 2030 means this group is of concern to researchers, health professionals and policymakers. This article draws on 50 interviews conducted for a research project on treatment experiences to examine treatment non-uptake in Australia. Informed by Berlant's (2007) work on 'slow death', it analyses experiences of non-uptake to explain the dynamics at work in such es. The analysis is divided into three parts. First, participant Cal describes a lifetime in which hepatitis C, homelessness and prison have shaped his outlook and opportunities. Second, Evan describes intergenerational drug consumption, family contact with the prison system and an equally long history with hepatitis C. Finally, Rose also describes a long history of hepatitis plex struggles to improve life and contact with the prison system. All three accounts illuminate the dynamics shaping treatment decisions, calling to mind Berlant's slow death as a process of being 'worn out by the activity of reproducing life' under conditions that both demand self-management, and work against it. In concluding, the article points to Berlant's distinction between 'epidemics' and 'endemics', arguing that its politics apply directly to hepatitis C. In doing so, it highlights the need to address the criminalising, pathologising, capitalist context of 'attrition' (Berlant) that wears out lives even as it fetishises autonomy, responsibility and choice.

35952606

High-resolution crystal structure of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIC5.

As a result of the long-term battle of bacteria and archaea against invaders such as viruses and genetic mobile elements, they have developed CRISPR-Cas systems for self-defense, which allows them to remove the viral genetic material introduced into host cells via infection. To fight against this bacterial immune system, however, viruses have also evolved to produce multiple anti-CRISPR proteins that can inhibit the bacterial CRISPR-Cas system. In this study, we introduced a tentative inhibitory activity against a type I-C CRISPR-Cas system by determining the crystal structure of AcrIC5 from Pseudomonas delhiensis. Structural analysis revealed that AcrIC5 posed of noble prising two antiparallel sheets and three helices. Although AcrIC5 did not directly interact with either the type I-C cascade from Neisseria lactamia or the type I-F cascade from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in our analysis, a highly acidic surface feature indicated that AcrIC5 may be DNA mimic Acrs that directly binds to the target DNA binding site in type I-C cascade and inhibits the recruitment of the target DNA to this cascade.

35952607

GSG2 promotes tumor growth through regulating cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the monly diagnosed malignant tumors in the world. In recent years, more and more inhibitors against gene targets have been found to be beneficial to survival. However, the function of homo-sapiens histone H3 associated protein kinase (GSG2) in HCC has not pletely understood.

35952609

Dietary supplementation with perillartine ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder induced by a high-fat diet in broiler chickens.

Lipid metabolism disorders affect the growth and jeopardize the health of poultry, thus, decreasing economic benefits. Perillartine, a sweetener derived from Perilla frutescens, has excellent potential in regulating lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the effects of perillartine on lipid metabolism in broiler chickens by establishing a nonalcoholic fatty liver model induced by a high-fat diet. By using network pharmacology and molecular docking, we analyzed the potential molecular targets and pathways through which perillartine regulates lipid metabolism and alleviates fatty liver. Perillartine was found to regulate the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis, lipolysis, and lipid transport, including FASN, PPARα, CPT-1, ACCα, APOB, and APOA1 in the liver, and to decrease lipid accumulation in the liver and blood in broilers without affecting growth performance. In addition, we discovered 24 candidate targets of perillartine, including SRD5A2 and XDH, through network pharmacology analysis and successfully constructed pound-target-pathway-disease network. Our results suggested that perillartine may be a promising, long-lasting therapeutic molecule for modulating lipid metabolism disorders in broilers.

35952608

Effects of a selective PPARα modulator, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and statin on the myocardial morphology of medaka nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic dysregulation and is linked with various plications, which often lead to poor prognostic es. To develop a standard therapy for NAFLD and to urgently address plications, the current study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of NAFLD-related heart disease and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting various metabolic pathways.

35952610

Postsynaptic glutamate response downregulates within presynaptic exaggerated glutamate release by activating TRPV1 in the spinal dorsal horn.

Activating primary afferent TRPV1-positive (TRPV1

35952611

Alternative oxidase is involved in leaf senescence via regulation of Salicylic acid accumulation in tomato.

Leaf senescence is a plex and coordinated process that involves ordered and continuous changes in the external environment and endogenous signaling pathways. Alternative oxidase (AOX), a key enzyme in the respiratory pathway, is involved in the regulation of plant senescence. Salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), two significant inducers of plant senescence, also play an important role in plant senescence, but the relationship between AOX, ROS and SA is unclear. In this study, an RNA interference and overexpression transgenic strain of AOX was constructed using tomato as experimental material. It was found that AOX was able to reduce the accumulation of ROS during dark-induced plant senescence, and that AOX suppressed the synthetic gene SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) in the SA signaling pathway and salicylate receptor gene NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES 1 (NPR1), decreasing endogenous SA content and blunting SA perception in plant leaf cells, thereby inhibiting SA-induced leaf senescence. Also, spraying the plants with ROS and ROS scavengers revealed that the synthesis of endogenous SA was affected and that AOX eliminated excess ROS, which in turn affected the SA content and delayed plant senescence. Based on these results, we propose that AOX mediates SA synthesis by balancing ROS content and plays a key role in leaf senescence.

35952612

Insight into the C-terminal SH3 domain mediated binding of Drosophila Drk to Sos and Dos.

Drk, a Drosophila homologue of human GRB2, interacts with Sevenless (Sev) receptor via its SH2 domain, while the N- and C-terminal SH3 domains (Drk-NSH3 and Drk-CSH3, respectively) are responsible for the interaction with proline-rich motifs (PRMs) of Son of sevenless (Sos) or Daughter of Sevenless (Dos). Drk-NSH3 on its own has a conformational equilibrium between folded and unfolded states, and the folded state is stabilised by the association with a Sos-derived proline-rich peptide with PxxPxR motif. In contrast, Drk-CSH3 is supposed to bind PxxxRxxKP motifs in Dos. Aiming at clarifying the structural and functional differences between the two SH3 domains, we performed NMR studies of Drk-CSH3. The resulting solution structure and the

35952613

Curcumin partly prevents ISG15 activation via ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like protein and decreases ISGylation.

The expression of the ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 kDa (ISG15) and post-translational protein modification by ISG15 (ISGylation) are strongly activated by interferons or pathogen infection, suggesting that ISG15 and ISGylation play an important role in innate immune responses. More than 400 proteins have been found to be ISGylated. ISG15 is removed from substrates by interferon-induced ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2‒derived papain-like protease. Therefore, maintaining strong ISGylation may help prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is unknown whether nutrients or chemicals affect ISGylation level. Curcumin is the major constituent of turmeric and functions as an immunomodulator. Here, we investigated the effect of curcumin on ISGylation. MCF10A and A549 cells were treated with interferon α and curcumin after which the expression levels of various proteins were determined. The effect of curcumin on ubiquitylation was also determined. Curcumin treatment was found to reduce ISGylation in a dose-dependent manner. The findings suggested that curcumin partly prevents disulfide bond-mediated ISG15 dimerization directly or indirectly, thereby increasing monomer ISG15 levels. Reduced ISGylation may also occur via the prevention of ISG15 activation by ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1-like protein. In conclusion, curcumin treatment was found to reduce ISGylation, suggesting that it may contribute to severe COVID-19. This is the first study to report a relationship between ISGylation and a ponent.