Datasets:

khairi

/

pubmed-text-11

like 0

399240

Relation between blood pressure and renin, renin substrate, angiotensin II, aldosterone and urinary sodium and potassium in 574 ambulatory subjects.

Five hundred and seventy-four ambulatory subjects with blood pressures ranging from 94/58 to 250/145 mm Hg were studied on their usual dietary and sodium intake. Renin, renin substrate, angiotensin II, aldosterone and urinary sodium and potassium pared with blood pressure to access the contribution of these variables to the blood pressure variance. Our analyses revealed that renin substrate was highly and positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r = +0.39; p < 0.00001) but all ponents of the renin-aldosterone system exhibited a significant negative correlation with blood pressure. A highly significant relationship between potassium, the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure was found but no such relationship could be demonstrated for sodium. Subjects with higher blood pressures had lower urinary potassium concentrations and lower potassium/creatine ratios. These findings raised the possibility of a significant pathogenetic relationship between potassium and high blood pressure. Multiple linear regression reveals that influences of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can only account for less than 20% of the variance exhibited by the blood pressure in these subjects.

399245

[Bacteriological in vitro investigations with cefaclor. Correlation of inhibition zone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentration (author's transl)].

parison of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefaclor and cephalexin shows that cefaclor is noticeably superior against Citrobacter. Enterobacter and Proteus mirabilis. Only slight differences are seen against other enterobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. Both cefaclor and cephalexin pletely ineffective against enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regression analysis to correlate the inhibition zone diameter and MIC of cefaclor produced a very good correlation (r = -0.9741). Using 30 mcg discs on DST agar, inhibition zones of more than 20 mm are to be interpreted as "sensitivity" and zones of less than 13 mm as "resistance".

399246

[Subinhibitory activity of cefaclor and cephalexin (author's transl)].

The determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is usually performed after 18 to 24 hours of incubation, results in the case of cefaclor in a false picture of the actual activity. Cefaclor is chemically so unstable that after 24 hours only 2-5% of the substance is microbiologically active. In order pare the activity of cefaclor and cephalexin, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was studied by means of turbidimetry. After eight hours the absolute inhibitory concentration of cefaclor was lower than that of cephalexin with both methods. At the same time the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of both antibiotics was equal. Automatic measurement over 20 hours showed at the end of the experiment a higher MIC, and also a higher subinhibitory range, for cefaclor than for cephalexin. In our opinion the absolute inhibitory concentration after eight hours should be the criterion used to evaluate the effectiveness of cefaclor and cephalexin, and not the MIC which is usually used. The eight-hour criterion should also be applied in clinical use.

399247

[In vitro activity of oral cephalosporins (author's transl)].

The in vitro activity of cephradine, cephalexin, and cefaclor was studied parison with that of cephalothin. Cefaclor inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis somewhat more than cephalexin and cephradine. There is no marked difference in the stability of the three substances in the presence of beta-lactamases, and the outer membrane of Escherichia coli is no barrier to permeation of any of the three antibiotics.

399248

[Thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography investigations with cefaclor in urine and serum (author's transl)].

After oral administration of 500 mg cefaclor, antibacterially active metabolites could not be detected in human urine using thin layer chromatography followed by bioautography. Degradation products of cefaclor could also not be detected in the serum of human volunteers (n = 10) using high pressure liquid chromatography with a reversed phase system. Cefaclor was eluated as a single and homogenous peak with a retention period of 2.9 min. High pressure liquid chromatography for the measurement of cefaclor serum levels and a technique for preparation of serum samples are described. After administration of 500 mg cefaclor to volunteers (n = 10), the average peak serum concentration of 9.8 mg/l, determined by high pressure liquid chromatography, was observed after one hour. Four hours later the serum level was 0.3 mg/l. Using microbiological methods no statistically significant difference was obtained parison with the chromatography results. Some of the sera stored at -75 degrees C for four weeks showed a substantial loss of activity of cefaclor.

399249

[Influence of cefaclor on experimental pyelonephritis (author's transl)].

parative study on the antibiotic activity of cefaclor and cephradine was performed in an infection and therapy model of acute pyelonephritis in the rat. Pathogens were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotics, which were administered orally, both had a pronounced effect parison to the untreated control group. Cefaclor was superior to cephradine in infections caused by K. pneumoniae.

399250

[Comparative study of cefaclor versus amoxicillin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

In parative, prospective, open randomised clinical study, the efficacy and tolerance of cefaclor (3 x 500 mg) and amoxicillin (3 x 750 mg) in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) were investigated pared. A total of 110 patients (51 males and 59 females) age 10 to 83 years were treated for a period of five to 14 days (average 10 days). Fifty-nine of the patients plicated, and 51 plicated UTI. In all patients , organisms were cultured from the urine which were sensitive to both antibiotics in vitro. In each group there were three cases of mixed infection and 35 cases of Escherichia coli monoinfection. The distribution of pathogens in the other patients was likewise very similar. Better results, i.e. a reduction in the cell count to < 10(4)/ml immediately pletion of therapy, were obtained in patients treated with cefaclor. This is largely due to a statistically significantly higher rate of elimination in E. coli infections. The long-term results at follow-up examinations 14 to 60 days pletion of therapy in both groups with plicated infections were, however, equally as good in about half the cases. plicated infections therapy was successful overall in only about a quarter of the cases, better results being obtained in the amoxicillin group. It must be taken into account that among the patients treated, the groups plicated UTI are difficult pare, relapses primarily being determined by underlying disease. Both antibiotics were tolerated well.

399251

Immunological aspects of practolol toxicity.

It is unfortunate that there is conflicting immunological data relating to the practolol syndrome. It has not been established if "practolol patients" have some altered T cell function. The work of Behan et al. (1976) strongly supports this interpretation but other groups have e to the same conclusion. The role of the antibody specific for a practolol metabolite needs to be determined. In practice this is going to be very difficult to do; the drug is no longer used and patients, for obvious reaons, are unwilling to take part in clinical experiments. It is likely that the nature of the metabolite will eventiually be defined and it would be a significant step forward if it could be shown that the antigenic determinant was not formed by other structurally related beta-blocking drugs. Meanwhile the stimulus to further research must be to produce an animal model system, but, for various political and economic reasons, support for such a research effort is difficult to justify.

399256

Is gestational diabetes an acquired condition?

Intrvenous injection of 30 mg of streptozotocin per kg body weight induces a mild diabetes in pregnant rats (first generation); the non-fasting blood glucose is increased and the percentage of endocrine tissue and also the percentage of granulated beta cells do not increase. The fetuses of these mildly diabetic pregnant rats have an increased percentage of pancreatic endocrine tissue and there is beta-cell degranulation. The modifications in the endocrine pancreas during intrauterine life causes persistent changes in later adult life (second generation), which are not perceptible in basal conditions, but e apparent in situations stressing the beta-cell activity, such as an intravenous glucose load or pregnancy. During pregnancy in the second generation rats an increased non-fasting blood glucose and no adaptation of the beta cells is seen. This inadequate adaptation to pregnancy causes changes in the fetal endocrine pancreas of the fetuses of the third generation. From these experiments it may be concluded that gestational diabetes is an acquired condition.

399287

Influence of culture medium of the fatty-acid profile in enteric bacteria.

Enteric bacteria having a high content of cyclopropane fatty acids steeply increase their synthesis when grown on insufficiently propitious culture media (meat-peptone agar or modified Drobot'ko synthetic medium) pared with bacteria grown under more favourable conditions (meat-peptone broth). Simultaneously, a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids and increase in palmitic acid are observed. One of the main factors underlying the change in the proportion of fatty acids in bacteria grown on synthetic medium is an increase in medium pH in the process of their growth. Enteric bacteria containing minute amounts/or not containing cyclopropane fatty acids at all (under the experimental conditions used) change their fatty-acid profile little if the culture medium is changed. When grown under insufficiently favourable conditions, these bacteria mainly display an enhanced content of palmitic acid and a lowered content of octadacenoic acid pared with bacteria grown under more favourable conditions. Of the culture media used, meat-peptone broth, which affords the most favourable conditions for eneteric bacteria growth, is the most suitable medium for obtaining data of taxonomic value.

399257

The effect of short-term starvation on the lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue and cardiac muscle during postnatal development of the rat.

When male rats of between 6 and 13 days of age were starved for 6 h the lipoprotein lipase activity of the epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue did not decline as it did in adults and in animals aged 14-30 days. The lipoprotein lipase activity in the hearts of animals from 6 days of age increased in response to starvation as it did in adults. The relationship of these changes to changes in circulating hormone levels during development was considered.

399288

Diagnostic utilization of hemolytically active exosubstances of certain gram-positive bacteria. I. Detection of staphylococcal hemolysins with prepurified preparations of staphylococcal beta-toxin and CAMP-factor of Streptococcus agalactiae.

The authors have modified the one-plate method for the detection of staphylococcal hemolysins. They mend to use in this method a prepurified form of staphylococcal beta-toxin and of streptococcal CAMP-factor instead of the exclusively beta-tonin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus and instead of the intensively CAMP-test positive Streptococcus agalactiae strain, respectively. The authors determined concurrently staphylococcal hemolysins, using a three-plate method in which alpha-antitoxin was employed, to ensure a better evidence of alpha-toxin. A total of 494 staphylococcal strains were examined by both methods. Of this number, 446 Staphylococcus aureus strains were of diverse host origin and 48 were coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains. On the basis of the various hemolytically active staphylococcal toxins, the authors mend the suggested modification of the one-plate method for their routine detection.

399289

Some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in Zambia.

The risk of acquiring a transfusion-induced infection in Zambia was studied for the first time. Blood slide examination of donors, despite the insensitivity of the method, established malaria as the most serious hazard. The species involved was Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of cerebral malaria, and which could be rapidly fatal in a non-immune host visiting an endemic area. Microfilariae of Dipetalonema perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti were also found in donor populations. While no disease may be induced, allergic reactions due to the breakdown products of dead microfilariae may manifest themselves. Several cases of transfusion-induced malaria, a case of relapsing fever and a case of rhodesian trypanosomiasis are reported. Toxoplasmosis and kalatazar, which may also be transfusion-induced, are both known to occur in the country but no cases were observed. It is emphasized that prophylactic measures should be mandatory in areas where no regular, screened, donor panel is available. The awareness and ackowledgement of the risk of transfusion-induced infections may be the best safeguard against the serious consequences in developing countries.

399293

A simple purse string suture technique for treatment of colostomy prolapse and intussusception.

A simple purse string technique for treatment of colostomy prolapse and intussusception is described. It is suggested as an alternative to plicated procedures.

399294

Immunobiological consequence of immunization of female mice with homologous spermatozoa: induction of infertility.

Female Swiss Webster mice were immunized intraperitoneally with mouse epididymal spermatozoa or with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and their fertility pared by (1) incidence and size of litters, (2) number of uterine implantation sites, and (3) incidence and number of fertilized eggs in the oviducts. Statistically significant reduction in fertility was noted following two courses of injections of spermatozoa; 12% of mice injected with spermatozoa had pared with 80% of mice injected with PBS. The infertility did not seem to be related to a failure in fertilization since the two groups of mice had a similar incidence and number of fertilized eggs in the oviducts. All female mice were found to have a "natural' anti-acrosomal antibody. Following immunization with spermatozoa, antibodies to "postacrosomal' region, the main piece and the midpiece of the tail, as well as cytotoxic antisperm antibodies, appeared. Anti-LDH-X antibody was not detected. However, correlation was not found between infertility and antisperm antibodies or sperm granulomata that developed in the peritoneal cavities. It is concluded that female mice receiving repeated i.p, injections of mouse spermatozoa e infertile and that the infertility is related to interference with events after fertilization.

399295

Evaluation of techniques for studying the arterial system of the brain of domestic ruminants.

The techniques used in investigations undertaken to study the arterial blood supply of the brain of domestic ruminants are described and evaluated. These include various coloured intravascular injections, corrosion preparations, injection of contrast media for angiography and clearing of tissues.

399296

Monitoring of bacteriological contamination and assessment of carcase surface growth by using direct and indirect contact examination techniques and various colony counting procedures.

Two hundred and sixty nine beef, 230 sheep and 165 pig carcase surface were examined bacteriologically. Direct and indirect contact examination techniques were utilised. Colony counts per cm2 were expressed in geometric progression. Counting procedures, direct and indirect contact examinations, and effects of chilling were considered. Subsequently, results from an additional 489 beef, 520 sheep, and 408 pig carcases were employed to illustrate a count classification arrangement against which bacteriological monitoring assessments could be measured.