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2501.00769
Prospects for measuring neutrino mass with 21-cm forest
Both particle physics experiments and cosmological observations have been used to explore neutrino properties. Cosmological researches of neutrinos often rely on the early-universe cosmic microwave background observations or other late-universe probes, which mostly focus on large-scale structures. We introduce a distinct probe, the 21-cm forest, that differs from other probes in both time and scale. Actually, the 21-cm forest is a unique tool for studying small-scale structures in the early universe. Below the free-streaming scale, massive neutrinos suppress the matter power spectrum, influencing small-scale fluctuations in the distribution of matter. The one-dimensional (1D) power spectrum of the 21-cm forest can track these fluctuations across different scales, similar to the matter power spectrum, providing an effective method to probe neutrino mass. Although heating effects in the early universe can also impact the 1D power spectrum of the 21-cm forest, we assess the potential of the 21-cm forest as a tool for measuring neutrino mass, given that the temperature of the intergalactic medium can be constrained using other methods within a certain range. We also discuss the impact of cosmological parameters on our results. In the ideal scenario, the 21-cm forest observation will have the ability to constrain the total neutrino mass to around 0.1 eV. With the accumulation of observational data and advancements in observational technology, the 21-cm forest holds great promise as an emerging and potent tool for measuring neutrino mass.
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7.002436
-1.183827
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100769S
[ "cosmological observations", "different scales", "other probes", "scale", "other methods", "massive neutrinos", "neutrino properties", "neutrinos", "cosmological parameters", "Cosmological researches" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
240
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00769" ]
[ "Shao, Yue", "Du, Guo-Hong", "Li, Tian-Nuo", "Zhang, Xin" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1996MNRAS.282..347M", "1997ApJ...490..493N", "1998ApJ...497..555M", "1998PhRvL..80.5255H", "1998PhRvL..81.1562F", "2000ApJ...543..503M", "2001PhR...349..125B", "2002ApJ...577...22C", "2002ApJ...579....1F", "2002PhRvL..89a1301A", "2003MNRAS.341.1311S", "2004ApJ...612..698H", "2004MNRAS.347...59B", "2004NJPh....6..122M", "2005PhRvL..95a1302W", "2006ApJ...652..157M", "2006ApJ...653..815M", "2006JCAP...10..014S", "2006MNRAS.365..231V", "2006MNRAS.370.1867F", "2006PhR...429..307L", "2008PhRvD..77h3507G", "2008PhRvD..78b3529M", "2009ApJ...704.1396X", "2009JCAP...10..030V", "2009PhRvD..80l3509D", "2010AJ....139..906W", "2010SCPMA..53.1124X", "2011APh....35..177A", "2011ApJS..192...18K", "2011MNRAS.410.2025X", "2012MNRAS.425.2988M", "2013JCAP...09..021L", "2013MNRAS.428.1755C", "2014ChPhC..38i0001O", "2014EPJC...74.2954Z", "2014JCAP...10..044Z", "2014PhRvD..90h3003S", "2014PhRvL.112e1303B", "2015APh....63...66A", "2015ApJ...804..118B", "2015JCAP...02..045P", "2015JCAP...04..038Z", "2015JCAP...12..023D", "2015MNRAS.454.1958M", "2015PhLB..740..359Z", "2016JCAP...02..008O", "2016JCAP...10..019B", "2016PhRvD..93h3011Z", "2016PhRvD..94h3519W", "2017ApJ...846...21F", "2017JCAP...05..040G", "2017JCAP...06..047Y", "2017MNRAS.469.1713Z", "2017PhRvD..96d3520Z", "2017PhRvD..96l3503V", "2017SCPMA..60f0431Z", "2017arXiv170304884F", "2018ChPhC..42i5103G", "2018NatCo...9.1833Z", "2018PhLB..779..473Z", "2018PhLB..782...87W", "2018SCPMA..61e0411F", "2019JCAP...02..054G", "2019NatAs...3..891V", "2019PDU....23..261F", "2019arXiv191212699B", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020ApJ...899...16T", "2020CoTPh..72l5401L", "2020CoTPh..72l5402Z", "2020JCAP...04..038P", "2020NatRP...2...10R", "2020PhRvD.101k6013C", "2020PhRvD.101l3520P", "2020PhRvD.102b3518V", "2020SCPMA..6320401F", "2020SCPMA..6330412Z", "2020SCPMA..6380411Z", "2020SCPMA..6390404F", "2021A&A...647L..11I", "2021ApJ...908..124L", "2021ApJ...909...80B", "2021CQGra..38o3001D", "2021JCAP...07..005G", "2021MNRAS.508.3519A", "2021PhRvD.103h3025S", "2022A&A...668A..27G", "2022ApJ...924...51A", "2022CoTPh..74j5404J", "2022NatPh..18..160T", "2022PhLB..82736940F", "2022arXiv221114988D", "2023ApJ...945..124H", "2023ApJS..265...29B", "2023MNRAS.519.2060I", "2023MNRAS.520.4609E", "2023MNRAS.526.2942S", "2023NatAs...7.1116S", "2023PhRvD.108d3030S", "2023PhRvD.108h3509D", "2023Univ....9..393V", "2024ApJ...977L..46B", "2024ChPhC..48e1001G", "2024ChPhC..48i5104F", "2024JCAP...09..003S", "2024RAA....24d5002L", "2024arXiv240403002D", "2024arXiv240419322D", "2024arXiv240613516A", "2024arXiv240714298S", "2024arXiv240715640D", "2024arXiv240718136N", "2024arXiv240814628R", "2024arXiv240904453F", "2024arXiv241001694H", "2024arXiv241021925T", "2024arXiv241117094S", "2024arXiv241204959R", "2024arXiv241206879S", "2025SCPMA..6820413H" ]
32522801
2501.00774
Influence of departures from LTE on determinations of the sulfur abundances in A-K type stars
The influence of departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) on neutral sulfur lines is considered. A grid of corrections is proposed to take into account the influence of departures from LTE for neutral sulfur lines in the visible and infrared spectral regions, including the H-band. The grid is calculated using the atomic model of sulfur incorporating the most up-to-date collision rates with electrons and hydrogen. The inclusion of levels and transitions of ionized sulfur in the atomic model made it possible to expand the range of effective temperatures of stellar photospheres in the grid up to 10000 K. The atomic model was tested in determining the sulfur abundance of 13 stars and showed its adequacy in a wide range of fundamental stellar parameters. In the spectra of all test stars, the sulfur lines are fitted with similar abundances of the element, regardless of the degree of influence of the effects of deviation from LTE on a particular spectral line. For lines of several multiplets, the wavelengths and oscillator strengths were refined. A list of S I lines recommended for determining sulfur abundance has been created.
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9.097216
9.495664
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100774K
[ "neutral sulfur lines", "sulfur abundance", "ionized sulfur", "sulfur", "lines", "similar abundances", "LTE", "fundamental stellar parameters", "stellar photospheres", "influence" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
76
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00774" ]
[ "Korotin, S. A.", "Kiselev, K. O." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1962ApJ...136..906V", "1968ZPhy..211..404D", "1973asqu.book.....A", "1984A&A...130..319S", "1984sfat.book.....K", "1990JPCRD..19..821M", "1993A&A...275L...5C", "1993A&AS..102..435B", "1994yCat.6069....0H", "1995PASP..107..251T", "1996PASJ...48..739T", "1997MNRAS.290..102B", "1997PhyS...56..459Z", "1998MNRAS.296.1057B", "1999A&A...351..168K", "2001ApJ...557L..43I", "2003ApJ...592..404L", "2005PASJ...57..751T", "2005PhyS...71..172I", "2006ADNDT..92..607F", "2006JPhB...39.2861Z", "2008ADNDT..94..561D", "2009ARep...53..651K", "2010ApJS..188...32T", "2010MNRAS.402.1369L", "2011A&A...528A...9S", "2011AIPC.1344..179S", "2012AJ....144..120M", "2014PASP..126..469P", "2014SPIE.9147E..1EO", "2015A&A...577A..18K", "2015A&A...582A..81J", "2015PhyS...90e4005R", "2016A&A...587A..65R", "2017ASPC..510..141K", "2019ASPC..518..247T", "2020ApJ...893...59B", "2020ApJ...900..179K", "2020MNRAS.496.2462K", "2021A&A...653A.141A", "2021SSRv..217...44L", "2022AstBu..77..519G", "2023MNRAS.526.3386R" ]
32522811
2501.00787
Excess Ultraviolet Emission at High Galactic Latitudes: A New Horizons View
We present new observations of the cosmic ultraviolet background (CUVB) at high Galactic latitudes ($|b| > 40^{\circ}$), made using the Alice UV spectrograph on board the New Horizons spacecraft. These observations were taken at about 57 AU from the Sun, outside much of the foreground emission affecting previous missions, and allowed a new determination of the spectrum of the CUVB between 912 -- 1100~Å and 1400 -- 1800~Å. We found a linear correlation between the CUVB and the Planck E(B~-~V) with offsets at zero-reddening of $221 \pm 11$ photon units at 1000~Å and $264 \pm 24$ \photu\ at 1500~Å ($4.4 \pm 0.2$ nW m$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ at 1000~Å and $5.3 \pm 0.5$ nW m$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$ at 1500~Å). The former is the first firm detection of the offset in the range 912 -- 1100 Å while the latter result confirms previous results from \galex, showing that there is little emission from the Solar System from 1400 -- 1800 Å. About half of the offset may be explained by known sources (the integrated light of unresolved galaxies, unresolved stars, emission from ionized gas, and two-photon emission from warm hydrogen in the halo) with the source of the remaining emission as yet unidentified. There is no detectable emission below the Lyman limit with an upper limit of $3.2 \pm 3.0$ photon units.
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12.278408
9.383029
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100787M
[ "little emission", "emission", "previous results", "new observations", "offsets", "Å", "known sources", "CUVB", "high Galactic latitudes", "previous missions" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
180
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00787" ]
[ "Murthy, Jayant", "Shull, J. Michael", "Postman, Marc", "Parker, Joel Wm.", "Redfield, Seth", "Cunningham, Nathaniel", "Gladstone, G. Randall", "Pineau, Jon P.", "Brandt, Pontus", "Verbiscer, Anne J.", "Singer, Kelsi N.", "Weaver, Harold A.", "Henry, Richard C.", "Stern, S. Alan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1962PhRvL...9..439G", "1965ApJ...142..414D", "1965ApJ...142..419P", "1969Ap&SS...5..493H", "1976ApJ...208...64L", "1977ApJ...212..707H", "1978ApJ...223..437H", "1979ApJ...227..798J", "1979ApJ...234..415A", "1980ApJ...240..387P", "1981ApJ...249L..51F", "1983A&A...128..114J", "1984A&A...139..481J", "1986ApJ...311..969H", "1988ApJ...330..435T", "1990ApJ...350..242M", "1990ApJ...354..211S", "1990ApJ...354..220M", "1990ApJ...364..549S", "1991ARA&A..29...59B", "1991ARA&A..29...89H", "1991ApJ...379..532O", "1992ApJ...392L..35R", "1992xrb..work.....B", "1993ApJ...418L..17H", "1994ASPC...58...91W", "1995ApJ...455..574D", "1997ApJ...481..809W", "1998ApJ...497..921V", "1998ApJ...500..525S", "1999AJ....118.1450S", "1999ApJ...522..904M", "2000A&AS..143....9W", "2000ApJ...532L.153C", "2000ApJ...542L..79G", "2001ApJ...552L..69D", "2001ApJ...560..730S", "2001ApJ...563L.161S", "2003A&A...411..447L", "2003ApJS..148....1B", "2003ApJS..148..175S", "2004A&A...422..391L", "2004ApJ...615..315M", "2005A&A...436..895G", "2005ApJ...619L..11X", "2005ApJS..157..302M", "2006ApJ...636..908G", "2008SSRv..140....3S", "2008SSRv..140..155S", "2008SSRv..140..189C", "2009Ap&SS.320...21M", "2010A&A...524A..42P", "2010ASPC..434..187C", "2010ApJ...724.1389M", "2011ARA&A..49..237F", "2011ApJ...737....2M", "2012ApJS..199...11M", "2013ApJ...779..180H", "2014A&A...571A..11P", "2014ApJ...789L..32K", "2014ApJS..213...32M", "2014Natur.512..171G", "2015ApJ...798...14H", "2015Sci...350.1815S", "2016A&A...586A.132P", "2016ApJ...827..108D", "2016MNRAS.459.1710M", "2017ApJS..231...21J", "2017MNRAS.470.2152M", "2017NatCo...815003Z", "2018Ap&SS.363...56B", "2018ApJ...858..101A", "2018GeoRL..45.8022G", "2018PASP..130k5001Z", "2019AJ....157...98G", "2019ApJ...877..150C", "2019ApJS..243....9J", "2019ConPh..60...23M", "2019MNRAS.489.1120A", "2019Sci...364.9771S", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020PASP..132c5003W", "2020coce.book.....P", "2021ApJ...906...77L", "2021MNRAS.503.2033K", "2021MNRAS.507.5144S", "2022AJ....164..170C", "2022ApJ...926..133K", "2022ApJ...927L...8L", "2022JOSS....7.4633P", "2022PASP..134h4302K", "2023ApJ...945...45S", "2023PASP..135l4301K", "2024ApJ...972...95P" ]
32522815
2501.00788
Unraveling the kinematic and morphological evolution of the Small Magellanic Cloud
We modeled the kinematics of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) by analyzing the proper motion (PM) from Gaia DR3 of nine different stellar populations, which include young main sequence (MS) stars (< 2 Gyr), red giant branch stars, red clump stars, red giants with line-of-sight velocities, and three groups of star clusters. This analysis was carried out using a robust Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to derive up to 7 kinematic parameters. We trace the evolution from a non-rotating flattened elliptical system as mapped by the old population to a rotating highly stretched disk structure as denoted by the young MS stars and clusters (< 400 Myr). We estimated that the inclination, i (~ 58$^\circ$ to 82$^\circ$) decreases and the position angle, $\Theta$ (~ 180$^\circ$ to 240$^\circ$) increases with age. We estimated an asymptotic velocity of ~ 49 - 89 km s$^{-1}$ with scale-radius of ~ 6 - 9 kpc for the young MS populations with velocity dispersion of ~ 11 km s$^{-1}$, suggesting a rotation-supported disk structure. Our models estimate a line-of-sight extension of ~ 30 kpc, in agreement with observations. We identified four regions of the SMC showing anomalies in the residual PM, the East Anomaly (EA), South East Anomaly (SEA), South Anomaly (SA), and West Anomaly (WA). The SEA appears like an infalling feature and is identified for the first time. The tidal imprints observed in the residual PM of the SMC suggest that its evolution is considerably shaped by the recent interaction with the Large Magellanic Cloud.
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9.818777
8.847363
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100788D
[ "red giant branch stars", "red clump stars", "star clusters", "South East Anomaly", "South Anomaly", "stars", "young main sequence", "velocity dispersion", "SMC", "West Anomaly" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
159
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00788" ]
[ "Dhanush, S. R.", "Subramaniam, A.", "Subramanian, S." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1972VA.....14..163D", "1981RMxAA...6...55L", "1994MNRAS.266..567G", "1998Natur.394..752P", "2000A&A...358L...9C", "2000ApJ...532..922W", "2000ApJ...534L..53Z", "2002AJ....124.2639V", "2003ApJ...586..170P", "2004AJ....127.1531H", "2004ApJ...604..176S", "2006AJ....131.2514H", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2007MNRAS.378..353K", "2007MNRAS.381L..11M", "2008ApJ...679..432N", "2010ApJ...723.1618N", "2010CAMCS...5...65G", "2011AJ....141..136C", "2012A&A...547A..12V", "2012AJ....144..107H", "2012ApJ...744..128S", "2012ApJ...750...36D", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013ApJ...764..161K", "2014MNRAS.442.1663D", "2015A&A...573A.135S", "2015ApJ...813..110H", "2015MNRAS.449.2768D", "2016A&A...591A..11D", "2016ARA&A..54..363D", "2016AcA....66..149J", "2016ApJ...832L..23V", "2016JOSS....1...24F", "2017AcA....67....1J", "2017MNRAS.467.2980S", "2017MNRAS.472..808R", "2018A&A...613L...8N", "2018A&A...616A..12G", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...864...55Z", "2018ApJ...867L...8O", "2018MNRAS.473.3131M", "2018MNRAS.478.5017R", "2019MNRAS.483..392D", "2019MNRAS.489.3725D", "2019MNRAS.490.1076E", "2019Natur.567..200P", "2020ApJ...904...13G", "2020MNRAS.495...98D", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2021A&A...649A...7G", "2021A&A...650A..52P", "2021ApJ...910...36Z", "2021MNRAS.500.2757O", "2021MNRAS.502.2859N", "2021MNRAS.504.2983T", "2021MNRAS.505.2020E", "2021MNRAS.508.5854J", "2022A&A...666A.103S", "2022ApJ...935..167A", "2022MNRAS.509.3462P", "2022MNRAS.512.4334D", "2023A&A...672A..65J", "2023MNRAS.518L..25C", "2023MNRAS.523..347E", "2024AJ....168..255H", "2024ApJ...968..103D", "2024MNRAS.528.2274D", "2024MNRAS.532.4272S" ]
20836716
2501.00796
Stellar Weak Rates and Mass Fractions of 20 Most Important fp-shell Nuclei with A < 65
This work presents stellar weak rates and mass fractions of 20 most important electron capture (ec) and beta-decay (bd) nuclei with A &lt; 65, according to a recent study, during the presupernova evolution of massive stars. The mass fractions of these nuclei were calculated using the Saha's equation, which assumes nuclear statistical equilibrium for a set of initial conditions (<inline-formula id="IEq1"><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>9</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula id="IEq2"><mml:math><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula id="IEq3"><mml:math><mml:msub><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi><mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula>) that represents the trajectory which a massive star's central region takes after its silicon core burns. Our computed mass fractions were found in decent comparison in most cases, and up to a factor 4 difference was noted when compared with the Independent Particle Model results. The weak interaction (ec and bd) rates were calculated in a totally microscopic fashion using the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation model and without assuming the Brink-Axel hypothesis. The rates were computed for a wide range of density (<inline-formula id="IEq4"><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>11</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula id="IEq5"><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and temperature (<inline-formula id="IEq6"><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>30</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>) GK. In comparison with large-scale shell-model, our computed rates were found bigger at high values of core temperature. The current study may contribute in a more realistic simulation of stellar evolution processes and modeling of core-collapse supernovae.
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3.84369
2.450024
2022-01-03
1
2022BrJPh..52...13U
[ "formula", "stellar weak rates", "mi", "stellar evolution processes", "math></inline", "mass fractions", ">g</mml", "<inline-formula id=\"IEq3\"><mml", "massive stars", ">" ]
[ "β -decay", "Electron capture", "Nuclear statistical equilibrium", "pn-QRPA", "Mass fractions", "Lepton-to-baryon fraction", "β$$\\beta$$-decay", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Nuclear Theory" ]
76
[ "10.1007/s13538-021-01024-0", "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00796" ]
[ "Ullah, Asim", "Nabi, Jameel-Un" ]
[ "Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, 23640, Topi, KP, Pakistan ;", "Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, 23640, Topi, KP, Pakistan ; University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, 47040, Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan" ]
[ "2024Univ...10..128N" ]
[ "1958RPPh...21..144B", "1971ADNDT..10..205G", "1979NuPhA.324..487B", "1980ApJS...42..447F", "1982ApJ...252..715F", "1982ApJS...48..279F", "1983ApJ...270..735B", "1985ApJ...293....1F", "1989PhRvC..40..559V", "1992ZPhyA.341..407M", "1994ApJS...91..389A", "1994PhRvC..49.3128E", "1995PhRvC..51.1144W", "1996snih.book.....A", "1999ADNDT..71..149N", "2000ADNDT..75....1R", "2000NuPhA.673..481L", "2001ADNDT..79....1L", "2001ApJ...560..307H", "2003ApJS..147..403R", "2004ADNDT..88..237N", "2009ADNDT..95...96S", "2009PhRvB..79u2501H", "2010JPhG...37g5021N", "2014ApJ...784...24F", "2016ADNDT.109....1M", "2016Ap&SS.361...71N", "2016PhyS...91e5301N", "2017ChPhC..41c0001A", "2020PhRvC.101b5805D", "2021ApJ...911...93N", "2021PhRvC.103b4326L" ]
32522840
2501.00806
Testing the extended corona model with the optical/UV reverberation mapping of the accretion disk
The illumination of the accretion disks is frequently studied assuming that the incident X-ray flux is a point-like source. The approach is referred as lamppost model.The most recent computations of the X-ray reprocessing by the disk take into account the departure from the simple lamppost models. However, in computations of the incident flux thermalization and subsequent re-emission in the optical-UV band the lamppost approximation is most frequently assumed. We test if the UV-optical reverberation mapping and time delay measurements are sensitive to this assumption. We assume that the incident radiation originates from a region extended along the symmetry axis. To model this, we adopt a simple setup by representing the emission as two lamps irradiating the disk simultaneously from two different heights. We then compare the resulting predictions with those obtained for a single lamppost located at an intermediate height. We show at the basis of the transfer function that the deviation of the wavelength-dependent delay curve shows at most a difference of 20% in comparison to a single lamppost, assuming the black hole mass of $10^8 M_{\odot}$, Eddington ratio 1, and the location of the lamps at 5 and 100 r$g$. The maximum deviation happens for the lamp luminosity ratio $\sim3$. When simulating light curves for a two-lamp setup and a standard lamppost with the same black hole mass and a sampling rate of 0.1 days, we find no measurable differences in the ICCF profiles between the two setups. Larger black hole mass and considerably lower Eddington ratio would allow to see larger differences between a single lamppost and a two-lampost model. UV/optical reverberation mapping is not very sensitive to the vertical extension of the corona.
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16.118286
7.842167
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100806J
[ "Larger black hole mass", "Eddington ratio", "larger differences", "lamppost model", "-", "light curves", "the incident X-ray flux", "the same black hole mass", "UV/optical reverberation mapping", "emission" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
151
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00806" ]
[ "Jaiswal, Vikram K.", "Czerny, Bożena" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1973A&A....24..337S", "1977ApJ...214..840I", "1979ApJ...229..318G", "1988PASP..100...18P", "1989MNRAS.236P..39N", "1990Natur.344..132P", "1991A&A...247...25M", "1991ApJ...383L...7H", "1991MNRAS.249..352G", "1993A&A...272....8R", "1993ApJ...413..507H", "1993PASP..105..247P", "1994ApJ...428L..13N", "1994ApJ...432L..95H", "1995A&A...300..707T", "1996MNRAS.282.1038I", "1997ApJ...489..865E", "1998ApJ...500..162C", "1999ApJ...510L.123B", "1999MNRAS.302L..24C", "1999agnf.book.....K", "2000PASP..112.1145F", "2004ApJ...613..682P", "2004ApJS..153..205D", "2005ApJ...622..129S", "2005ApJ...635.1203M", "2007MNRAS.380..669C", "2007MNRAS.382..985M", "2008ApJ...673...34P", "2009ApJ...698..895K", "2009Natur.459..540F", "2011MNRAS.416L..94E", "2012MNRAS.424.1284W", "2013ApJ...764L...9C", "2013ApJ...767..121Z", "2013ApJ...767..149B", "2013MNRAS.434.1129K", "2014MNRAS.438.2980C", "2014MNRAS.444.1469M", "2015A&A...580A..77R", "2016ApJ...821...56F", "2016MNRAS.458..200W", "2016MNRAS.462..511K", "2016Natur.535..388K", "2018ApJ...857...53C", "2018MNRAS.480.1247K", "2018MNRAS.480.2881M", "2019A&A...630A..94G", "2019AN....340..290D", "2019ApJ...878...20C", "2019ApJ...879L..24K", "2019Natur.565..198K", "2020A&A...634A..92U", "2020A&A...641A..89S", "2020A&A...644A.132U", "2020ApJ...896....1C", "2021ApJ...907...20K", "2021ApJ...912...10Z", "2021MNRAS.503.4163K", "2021MNRAS.504.4337V", "2021NatCo..12.1025Y", "2021iSci...24j2557C", "2022ApJ...934L..37M", "2023A&A...670A.147J", "2023ApJ...951...19L", "2023ApJ...958..195C", "2023MNRAS.520..180H", "2023MNRAS.526..138K", "2024A&A...690A.308P", "2024A&A...691A.252L", "2024ApJ...964..167L", "2024ApJ...973..152E", "2024ApJS..272...26S", "2024MNRAS.530.1603B" ]
32522890
2501.00870
An intriguing coincidence between the majority of vast polar structure dwarfs and a recent major merger at the M31 position
A significant part of the Milky Way (MW) dwarf galaxies orbit within a Vast POlar Structure (VPOS) that is perpendicular to the Galactic disk, whose origin has not yet been identified. It includes the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and its six dynamically associated dwarf galaxies. Andromeda Galaxy (M31) experienced a major merger two to three billion years ago, and its accurate modelling predicts that an associated tidal tail is pointing toward the Galaxy. Here, we have tested a possible association between M31 tidal tail particles and MW dwarf galaxies, focusing first on the LMC and its associated dwarfs since they are less affected by ram pressure. We traced back these dwarf galaxy orbits by one billion years and calculated their association to the tidal tail particles in the 6D phase space, based on their proper motion from Gaia DR3. We find that for low-mass MW models (total mass smaller than 5 $\times 10^{11} M_{\odot}$), the separation in the 6D space can be less than 1$\sigma$ for most of the M31 modelling, while an important degree of freedom is provided by the still unknown proper motion of M31. We further discover that many other dwarfs could also be associated with the M31 tidal tails if their motions had been radially slowed down, as expected from the ram pressure exerted by the MW corona. This intriguing coincidence could explain the origin of the VPOS, which came from a matter exchange between M31 and MW.
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10.296835
6.691077
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100870A
[ "M31 tidal tail particles", "MW dwarf galaxies", "M31", "MW", "the M31 tidal tails", "ram pressure", "many other dwarfs", "the tidal tail particles", "these dwarf galaxy orbits", "an associated tidal tail" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
179
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00870" ]
[ "Akib, Istiak", "Hammer, François", "Yang, Yanbin", "Pawlowski, Marcel S.", "Wang, Jianling" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1965TrAlm...5...87E", "1976MNRAS.174..695L", "1997ApJ...490..493N", "2006A&A...456..481B", "2006ApJ...652..323B", "2007MNRAS.375..805W", "2008ApJ...680..287M", "2011A&A...532A.118P", "2012A&A...540A..70R", "2012ApJ...753....8V", "2012MNRAS.419...70K", "2012MNRAS.427.1769F", "2013ApJ...764..161K", "2013ApJS..208...19H", "2013MNRAS.431.3543H", "2013MNRAS.435.1928P", "2013Natur.493...62I", "2014ApJ...781..121V", "2014MNRAS.443.2204P", "2015ApJ...813..110H", "2015ApJS..216...29B", "2017A&A...598A..66P", "2018A&A...619A.103F", "2018MNRAS.475.2754H", "2018NatAs...2..737D", "2019A&A...626A..47H", "2019ApJ...871..120E", "2019ApJ...872...24V", "2019MNRAS.486.5907W", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020MNRAS.491.3042P", "2020MNRAS.495.2554E", "2021A&A...649A...2L", "2021A&A...649A...7G", "2021A&A...654A..25J", "2021ApJ...916....8L", "2021Galax...9...66P", "2021MNRAS.506.2677E", "2021Natur.592..534C", "2022A&A...657A..54B", "2022MNRAS.515..940W", "2023A&A...678A.208J", "2023MNRAS.519.5059H", "2023MNRAS.522.6010B", "2024A&A...681A..73T", "2024A&A...692A..30R", "2024A&A...692L...1H", "2024ApJ...963...84W", "2024MNRAS.527.7144W", "2024MNRAS.528..693O" ]
32522901
2501.00875
A metamaterial telescope at millimetre wavelengths
In this paper we present a novel telescope composed exclusively of thin, flat optical elements, each being a hot-pressed multi-layered structure combining the properties of a lens, its anti-reflection coating and frequency selection or filtering. We discuss the design process, from fundamental physical metamaterial properties of the single periodic cell structure to the lens concept, which constitutes the building block of the telescope design, and the iterative process that is part of the lens optimization. We provide the results of a laboratory test campaign for different telescope designs based on three-lens arrangements. Beam cuts and focus measurements both on- and off-axis are compared with models showing good agreement. We conclude that a broad-band mm-wave complete telescope system consisting entirely of metamaterial flat lenses has been built and tested, showing comparable performance with conventional state-of-the-art refractive telescopes in the same wavelength region. This new broadband design, highly efficient at frequencies between 90 and 190 GHz, offers multiple advantages. These include a $&gt; 80\%$ weight reduction, reduced issues tied to coating-survivability at cryogenic temperatures caused by differential contraction exacerbated by non-flat surfaces, as well as a reduction in the overall number of components and mechanical mounts.
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10.515268
3.153606
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100875S
[ "different telescope designs", "non-flat surfaces", "metamaterial flat lenses", "fundamental physical metamaterial properties", "the telescope design", "comparable performance", "cryogenic temperatures", "differential contraction", "reduced issues", "thin, flat optical elements" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Physics - Optics" ]
186
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00875" ]
[ "Savini, Giorgio", "Hargrave, Peter", "Ade, Peter A. R.", "Shitvov, Alexey", "Sudiwala, Rashmi", "Pisano, Giampaolo", "Tucker, Carole", "Zhang, Jin" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1905phop.book.....W", "1967InfPh...7...37U", "2006SPIE.6275E..0UA", "2008ApOpt..47.6251P", "2012SPIE.8444E..15P", "2013ApOpt..52.2218P", "2014SPIE.9153E..14H", "2017AMT....10..477F", "2017OExpr..2525363M", "2018SPIE10708E..0DP", "2023ApOpt..62.2317P" ]
32522928
2501.00899
Astrophysical Black holes: An Explanation for the Galaxy Quenching
We propose models of Astrophysical Black holes (ABHs) without event horizons (EHs), as a more viable explanation for the long-term quenching phenomenon in galaxies. At the same time, the short-term quenching is explained here in terms of an efficient feedback expected in the models of stellar-mass astrophysical black holes (StMABHs). We have calculated the radiative flux from the disk in a general spherically symmetric metric background and used it to contrast the distinctive features of the BHs and ABHs scenarios. The nature of the feedbacks arising from accretion onto a BH and an ABH in the `quasar' and `radio' modes are compared and some possible observational signatures of the StMABHs are pointed out.
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14.26346
6.795228
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100899V
[ "Astrophysical Black holes", "ABH", "ABHs", "terms", "event horizons", "BH", "Astrophysical Black", "models", "stellar-mass astrophysical black holes", "accretion" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
121
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00899" ]
[ "Verma Trivedi, Jay", "Joshi, Pankaj S.", "Gopal-Krishna", "Biermann, Peter L." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1938ZPhy..108..314D", "1939PhRv...56..455O", "1958ApJ...128..664P", "1974ApJ...191..499P", "1985ApJ...293..102F", "1992CQGra...9L..69D", "1993PhRvD..47.5357J", "1994ARA&A..32..277F", "1995ApJ...451..498M", "1998A&A...331L...1S", "1998AJ....115.2285M", "1998ApJ...502..218A", "1999MNRAS.308L..39F", "2000MNRAS.319..168C", "2001AJ....122.1861S", "2002MNRAS.335L...7V", "2003ApJ...596L..27K", "2004ApJ...604L..89H", "2004MNRAS.351..169M", "2004MNRAS.351.1151B", "2005MNRAS.361..776S", "2005Natur.433..604D", "2006MNRAS.365...11C", "2006MNRAS.366..417F", "2006MNRAS.370..645B", "2006PhRvL..96c1302G", "2007ARA&A..45..117M", "2007MNRAS.380..877S", "2008MNRAS.391..481S", "2009ApJ...692..411N", "2009ApJ...699...89C", "2009Natur.460..213C", "2010ApJ...711..268S", "2010ApJ...717..708C", "2010MNRAS.407..749G", "2011ApJ...735L...3P", "2011ApJ...737...26N", "2011CQGra..28w5018J", "2012ARA&A..50..455F", "2013ApJ...763L..18W", "2013ApJ...764...21C", "2013ApJ...770...57B", "2014CQGra..31a5002J", "2014MNRAS.440.2625Z", "2014MNRAS.442..440C", "2014MNRAS.444.1518V", "2014Natur.509..177V", "2015ARA&A..53...51S", "2015ARA&A..53..115K", "2015MNRAS.446..521S", "2015MNRAS.451.2663H", "2015MNRAS.452..575S", "2016MNRAS.457.2864I", "2016MNRAS.460.3925T", "2017ApJ...844...37D", "2017MNRAS.465..547P", "2017MNRAS.465.3291W", "2017NatAs...1E.165H", "2018ApJ...866...91C", "2018ApJS..237...13L", "2018MNRAS.479.3189Z", "2018MNRAS.479.5544M", "2019ApJ...875L...5E", "2019MNRAS.485.3446H", "2020ApJ...889...93V", "2020ApJ...902...95L", "2020MNRAS.497.5229C", "2020MNRAS.499..230B", "2021A&A...654A..90L", "2022A&A...658A.155R", "2022ApJ...930L..17E", "2022MNRAS.511.1913B", "2022MNRAS.512.1052P", "2022MNRAS.514.2936W", "2022MNRAS.516.2112K", "2023MNRAS.518.6158J", "2023MNRAS.520.3974C", "2023NatAs...7..247C", "2024ApJ...968...49W", "2024MNRAS.529L.135G", "2024Natur.629...53L" ]
32522994
2501.00971
Open Questions and Future Directions in Titan Science
In this chapter we attempt to distill the very large number of possible future inquiries of Titan into a relatively concise list of twenty high level questions - each of which of would necessarily entail a multitude of more specific investigations and studies. While this list does not encompass all possible open questions, and is divided into topics according to our preference and not in any way uniquely, we believe that it does however span a wide range of the most intriguing topics about Titan, and may form some sort of guide especially for those embarking into Titan studies for the first time. At the end of this chapter we return to explore how these four techniques may be used to answer the large, high-level open questions in Titan science.
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8.562625
15.456978
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100971N
[ "Titan studies", "Titan science", "Titan", "possible future inquiries", "topics", "twenty high level questions", "all possible open questions", "studies", "the large, high-level open questions", "guide" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
262
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00971" ]
[ "Nixon, Conor A.", "Carrasco, Natalie", "Sotin, Christophe" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1977SSRv...21...77K", "1990Sci...248..975M", "1993P&SS...41..257C", "1993P&SS...41..657L", "1995AdSpR..15c.317L", "1995JGR...10016907G", "1997GeoRL..24.2905L", "2002SSRv..104....1M", "2002SSRv..104...59L", "2002SSRv..104..553N", "2003ApJ...597L..65R", "2005Natur.438..796I", "2008AdSpR..42...54T", "2008GeoRL..35.2206L", "2008JBIS...61....2L", "2008P&SS...56..346G", "2008P&SS...56..708B", "2008P&SS...56.1132L", "2008SPIE.7012E..1AN", "2009ExA....23..893C", "2009GeoRL..36.2204T", "2009RSPTA.367..617T", "2010JGRE..11510002M", "2010JGRE..11510005C", "2010P&SS...58..792T", "2010tfch.book...75J", "2011ApJ...728...80L", "2011GeoRL..38.3203T", "2012AsBio..12..809H", "2012ExA....33...55B", "2012Icar..218..707L", "2012P&SS...60...26N", "2012P&SS...60...34L", "2012P&SS...61...99C", "2013Icar..224..253N", "2013JApA...34...81S", "2013P&SS...78...22L", "2014GeoRL..41.5396C", "2014GeoRL..41.6093L", "2014Icar..228..324D", "2014P&SS..104...59T", "2014SPIE.9145E..1ET", "2015Icar..247..218L", "2016AJ....152...42M", "2016AREPS..44...57H", "2016AREPS..44..353M", "2016ApJ...821L...8S", "2016GeoRL..43.3088A", "2016JGRE..121..233L", "2016P&SS..134...61K", "2016PASP..128a8007N", "2017AJ....154..206L", "2017NatAs...1..578L", "2017NatGe..10..827F", "2017SciA....3E0022P", "2018AJ....155..251T", "2018ESC.....2..366C", "2018Icar..307..380T", "2018Icar..310...89V", "2018P&SS..155...50N", "2019AJ....158...76C", "2019ApJ...881L..33L", "2019ESC.....3.2808C", "2019GeoRL..46.8700S", "2019Icar..317..454L", "2019Icar..319..417T", "2019NatAs...3..614L", "2020AJ....160..205N", "2020ApJ...903L..22T", "2020ApJ...905...88Y", "2020ESC.....4.1195E", "2020ESC.....4.1375C", "2020JGRE..12506407M", "2020SSRv..216....7J", "2021ApJ...908L..13S", "2021PSJ.....2...24L", "2021PSJ.....2..132C", "2022ExA....54..911R", "2022PSJ.....3....2L", "2023PSJ.....4..139N" ]
32523005
2501.00979
The Role of Electric Dominance for Particle Injection in Relativistic Reconnection
Magnetic reconnection in relativistic plasmas -- where the magnetization $\sigma\gg1$ -- is regarded as an efficient particle accelerator, capable of explaining the most dramatic astrophysical flares. We employ two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic pair-plasma reconnection with vanishing guide field and outflow boundaries to quantify the impact of the energy gain occurring in regions of electric dominance ($E&gt;B$) for the early stages of particle acceleration (i.e., the ``injection'' stage). We calculate the mean fractional contribution $\zeta(\epsilon^\ast,\epsilon_{\rm T}$) by $E&gt;B$ fields to particle energization up to the injection threshold energy, $\epsilon^\ast=\sigma/4$; here, $\epsilon_{\rm T}$ is the particle energy at time $T$. We find that $\zeta$ monotonically increases with $\sigma$ and $\epsilon_{\rm T}$; for $\sigma\gtrsim 50$ and $\epsilon_{\rm T}/\sigma\gtrsim 8$, we find that $\gtrsim 80\%$ of the energy gain obtained before reaching $\epsilon^\ast=\sigma/4$ occurs in $E&gt;B$ regions. We find that $\zeta$ is independent of simulation box size $L_x$, as long as $\epsilon_{\rm T}$ is normalized to the maximum particle energy, which scales as $\epsilon_{\rm max}\propto L_{\rm x}^{1/2}$ in 2D. The distribution of energy gains $\epsilon_{\chi}$ acquired in $E&gt;B$ regions can be modeled as $dN/d\epsilon_{\chi}\propto\epsilon_{\chi}^{-0.35}\exp[-(\epsilon_{\chi}/0.06\,\sigma)^{0.5}]$. Our results help assess the role of electric dominance in relativistic reconnection with vanishing guide fields, which may be realized in the magnetospheres of black holes and neutron stars.
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13.467454
14.583084
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100979G
[ "energy gains", "particle acceleration", "vanishing guide fields", "guide field", "relativistic reconnection", "relativistic plasmas", "\\epsilon_{\\rm", "electric dominance", "simulation box size", "T}$" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
147
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00979" ]
[ "Gupta, Sanya", "Sridhar, Navin", "Sironi, Lorenzo" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2001ApJ...562L..63Z", "2003ApJ...586...72L", "2005AIPC..801..345S", "2008ApJ...682.1436L", "2012SSRv..173..521H", "2014PhRvL.113o5005G", "2015ApJ...806..167G", "2015ApJ...815..101N", "2015SSRv..191..545K", "2016ApJ...816L...8W", "2016MNRAS.462...48S", "2018MNRAS.481.5687P", "2019ApJ...879L..23G", "2020PhPl...27h0501G", "2021ApJ...912...48H", "2021ApJ...922..261Z", "2022PhRvL.128n5102S", "2023ApJ...948...19F", "2023ApJ...952L...1T", "2023ApJ...956L..36Z", "2023ApJ...959..122C", "2023PhRvL.130r9501G", "2024SSRv..220...43G" ]
32523012
2501.00984
The $z \gtrsim 9$ galaxy UV luminosity function from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey: insights into early galaxy evolution and reionization
The high-redshift UV luminosity function provides important insights into the evolution of early galaxies. JWST has revealed an unexpectedly large population of bright ($M_\mathrm{UV} \lesssim -20$) galaxies at $z\gtrsim10$, implying fundamental changes in the star forming properties of galaxies at increasingly early times. However, constraining the fainter population ($M_\mathrm{UV} \gtrsim -18$) has been more challenging. In this work, we present the $z\gtrsim9$ UV luminosity function from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey. We calculate the UV luminosity function from several hundred $z\gtrsim9$ galaxy candidates that reach UV luminosities of $M_\mathrm{UV}\sim-17$ in redshift bins of $z\sim9-12$ (309 candidates) and $z\sim12-16$ (63 candidates). We search for candidates at $z\sim16-22.5$ and find none. We also estimate the $z\sim14-16$ luminosity function from the $z\geq14$ subset of the $z\sim12-16$ sample. Consistent with other measurements, we find an excess of bright galaxies that is in tension with many theoretical models, especially at $z\gtrsim12$. However, we also find high number densities at $-18\lesssim M_\mathrm{UV} \lesssim-17$, suggesting that there is a larger population of faint galaxies than expected, as well as bright ones. From our parametric fits for the luminosity function, we find steep faint end slopes of $-2.5\lesssim\alpha\lesssim-2.3$, suggesting a large population of faint ($M_\mathrm{UV} \gtrsim -17$) galaxies. Combined, the high normalization and steep faint end slope of the luminosity function could imply that the reionization process is appreciably underway as early as $z=10$.
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12.869715
6.507914
2025-01-02
1
2025arXiv250100984W
[ "UV luminosities", "UV luminosity", "faint galaxies", "bright galaxies", "early galaxies", "steep faint end slope", "steep faint end slopes", "galaxies", "the UV luminosity function", "high number densities" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
373
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00984" ]
[ "Whitler, Lily", "Stark, Daniel P.", "Topping, Michael W.", "Robertson, Brant", "Rieke, Marcia", "Hainline, Kevin N.", "Endsley, Ryan", "Chen, Zuyi", "Baker, William M.", "Bhatawdekar, Rachana", "Bunker, Andrew J.", "Carniani, Stefano", "Charlot, Stéphane", "Chevallard, Jacopo", "Curtis-Lake, Emma", "Egami, Eiichi", "Eisenstein, Daniel J.", "Helton, Jakob M.", "Ji, Zhiyuan", "Johnson, Benjamin D.", "Pérez-González, Pablo G.", "Rinaldi, Pierluigi", "Tacchella, Sandro", "Williams, Christina C.", "Willmer, Christopher N. A.", "Willott, Chris", "Witstok, Joris" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "2025arXiv250103217D" ]
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32523010
2501.00985
On the population of electron-positron pairs in the magnetosphere of SgrA*
In this study we consider the possibility of the Schwinger pair creation driven by the centrifugal mechanism in the magnetosphere of SgrA*. In particular, it is shown that the magneto-centrifugal effects become extremely efficient due to the vortex driven magnetic field, which is by several orders of magnitude bigger than previously thought. Dynamics of the magneto-centrifugally accelerated charged particles leads to charge-separation, parametrically inducing the Langmuir waves. The corresponding electric field exponentially amplifies and after reaching the Schwinger threshold, the efficient pair production occurs, that is eventually saturated by the annihilation process.
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5.746079
3.518606
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100985O
[ "charged particles", "several orders", "Schwinger", "the vortex driven magnetic field", "the efficient pair production", "the Schwinger pair creation", "magnitude", "Langmuir", "The corresponding electric field", "SgrA" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
124
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00985" ]
[ "Osmanov, Zaza N." ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1931ZPhy...69..742S", "1936ZPhy...98..714H", "1951PhRv...82..664S", "1963PhRvL..11..237K", "1969ApJ...157..869G", "1969Natur.221...25G", "1972ApJ...178..347B", "1977ForPh..25..373M", "1977MNRAS.179..433B", "1979ApJ...229...46K", "1982ApJ...258..335S", "1987ApJ...319..643L", "2004vhec.book.....A", "2007A&A...470..395O", "2014GReGr..46.1832D", "2014MNRAS.445.4155O", "2016Natur.531..476H", "2021Galax...9....6O", "2021Univ....7..331O", "2022PhRvL.129f1302D", "2023MNRAS.525..561E", "2023Univ....9..487O", "2024PhRvD.109l3041J", "2024PhRvL.132o1402D" ]
32523009
2501.00986
Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC). VII. Disentangling Mass and Environment Quenching with the Aid of Galaxy-halo Connection in Simulations
Star formation quenching in galaxies is a critical process in galaxy formation. It is widely believed that the quenching process is dominated by the mass of galaxies and/or their environment. In Paper V, we addressed the challenge to disentangle the effects of mass and environment by employing the PAC method, which combines spectroscopic and deep photometric surveys. This approach enabled us to measure the excess surface density of blue and red galaxies around massive central galaxies down to $10^{9.0}M_{\odot}$. However, it is not straightforward to completely separate the two effects.To address this issue, in this paper, we derive the average quenched fraction of central (isolated) galaxies, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{cen}}(M_{*})$, by combining the 3D quenched fraction distribution $f^{\mathrm{sat}}_{\mathrm{q}}(r; M_{*,\mathrm{cen}}, M_{*,\mathrm{sat}})$, reconstructed from the $\bar{n}_2w_{\mathrm{p}}(r_{\mathrm{p}})$ measurements, with the stellar mass-halo mass relation in N-body simulations from Paper IV, and the observed total quenched fraction, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{all}}(M_{*})$. Using $f^{\mathrm{sat}}_{\mathrm{q}}(r;M_{*,\mathrm{cen}},M_{*,\mathrm{sat}})$, $\bar{f}_{\mathrm{q}}^{\mathrm{cen}}(M_{*})$, and the galaxy-halo connection, we assign a quenched probability to each (sub)halo in the simulation, enabling a comprehensive study of galaxy quenching. We find that the mass-quenched fraction increases from 0.3 to 0.87 across the stellar mass range $[10^{9.5}, 10^{11.0}]M_{\odot}$, while the environmental quenched fraction decreases from 0.17 to 0.03. The mass effect dominates galaxy quenching across the entire stellar mass range we studied. Moreover, more massive host halos are more effective at quenching their satellite galaxies, while satellite stellar mass has minimal influence on environmental quenching.
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11.962089
6.46583
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100986Z
[ "satellite stellar mass", "galaxy quenching", "massive central galaxies", "mass", "galaxy formation", "galaxies", "fraction distribution", "environmental quenching", "fraction", "more massive host halos" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
122
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00986" ]
[ "Zheng, Yun", "Xu, Kun", "Zhao, Donghai", "Jing, Y. P.", "Gao, Hongyu", "Luo, Xiaolin", "Li, Ming" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1972ApJ...176....1G", "1974MNRAS.169..229L", "1980ApJ...237..692L", "1981ApJ...243...32F", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1999MNRAS.304..465M", "2000AJ....120.1579Y", "2000ApJ...540..113B", "2001NewA....6...79S", "2002ApJ...574..538J", "2003ApJ...594..186B", "2003MNRAS.341...54K", "2004ApJ...600..681B", "2004MNRAS.351.1151B", "2004MNRAS.353..713K", "2006MNRAS.365...11C", "2007ApJ...660L..11N", "2007ApJ...664..791B", "2008A&A...483L..39C", "2008MNRAS.387.1431D", "2009ApJS..182..543A", "2010ApJ...721..193P", "2010MNRAS.402.1942C", "2011ApJ...732...17N", "2011MNRAS.411..675S", "2012ARA&A..50..455F", "2012ApJ...744...88Q", "2012ApJ...746..188M", "2012ApJ...757....4P", "2012MNRAS.427.2437H", "2013ApJ...776...63F", "2013ApJ...777...18M", "2013PASP..125..306F", "2014A&A...562A..21C", "2014ApJ...788...28V", "2014ApJ...789..164T", "2014MNRAS.438..717K", "2015ApJS..219...12A", "2015Natur.521..192P", "2016ApJ...825..113D", "2016MNRAS.455.1553R", "2016MNRAS.457.4360Z", "2017ApJ...844...48P", "2017ApJS..233...25A", "2017MNRAS.464..121S", "2017MNRAS.466.1275B", "2018A&A...618A.140V", "2018ApJ...857...71B", "2018MNRAS.474..604H", "2018MNRAS.475..523L", "2018MNRAS.476...12B", "2019A&A...622A.103B", "2019ApJ...873...52O", "2019ApJ...882..167C", "2019ApJ...883..203G", "2019MNRAS.483.2851S", "2019MNRAS.483.5444D", "2019MNRAS.488..847P", "2019PASJ...71..114A", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020ApJ...889..156C", "2020ApJ...890....7C", "2021PASA...38...35C", "2022A&A...666A.141M", "2022A&A...668A..69E", "2022ApJ...925...31X", "2023ApJ...944..200X", "2024ApJ...966...18T", "2024ApJ...969..129Z" ]
32523017
2501.00992
Forecast constraints on the axion-photon coupling from interstellar medium heating
In interstellar media characterized by a nonrelativistic plasma of electrons and heavy ions, we study the effect of axion dark matter coupled to photons on the dynamics of an electric field. In particular, we assume the presence of a background magnetic field aligned in a specific direction. We show that there is an energy transfer from the oscillating axion field to photons and then to the plasma induced by forced resonance. This resonance is most prominent for the axion mass $m_{\phi}$ equivalent to the plasma frequency $\omega_p$. Requiring that the heating rate of the interstellar medium caused by the energy transfer does not exceed the observed astrophysical cooling rate, we place forecast constraints on the axion-photon coupling $g$ for several different amplitudes of the background magnetic field $B_0$. By choosing a typical value $B_0=10^{-5}$ G, we find that, for the resonance mass $m_{\phi}=\omega_p$, the upper limit of $g$ can be stronger than those derived from other measurements in the literature. With increased values of $B_0$, it is possible to put more stringent constraints on $g$ for a wider range of the axion mass away from the resonance point.
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9.390594
-2.299128
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250100992A
[ "axion dark matter", "forced resonance", "photons", "forecast constraints", "several different amplitudes", "the oscillating axion field", "increased values", "interstellar media", "B_0=10^{-5}$ G", "heavy ions" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
193
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.00992" ]
[ "Amakawa, Makoto", "Fujita, Tomohiro", "Tsujikawa, Shinji" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1951PhRv...81..899P", "1977PhRvL..38.1440P", "1978PhRvL..40..223W", "1978PhRvL..40..279W", "1979PhRvL..43..103K", "1980NuPhB.166..493S", "1981PhLB..104..199D", "1983PhLB..120..127P", "1983PhLB..120..133A", "1983PhLB..120..137D", "1983PhRvL..51.1415S", "1984PhLB..149..351W", "1984PhRvL..52R.695S", "1986PhRvD..33..897R", "1987PhR...150....1K", "1990PhR...198....1R", "1990PhRvL..65..957C", "1997ApJ...490..744M", "1998PhRvL..81.3067C", "1999PhRvL..83.1506L", "2000PhRvL..85.1158H", "2004ApJ...615..767L", "2006JHEP...05..078C", "2006JHEP...06..051S", "2009A&A...505.1183F", "2009NIMPA.612...83E", "2010JHEP...11..105S", "2010PhLB..689..149E", "2010PhRvD..81l3530A", "2010RvMP...82..557K", "2012JHEP...10..146C", "2014FrP.....2...60K", "2014JInst...9.5002A", "2015JCAP...02..006P", "2015JCAP...12..054D", "2015arXiv151007633M", "2016JHEP...01..034D", "2016ippc.book.....C", "2017JHEP...02..033H", "2017NatPh..13..584C", "2017PhRvD..96e6025H", "2017arXiv170510529G", "2018PhRvL.121m1101B", "2018arXiv180801282D", "2019PhRvD.100a5040F", "2019PhRvD.100b3001B", "2019PhRvL.122s1101F", "2020PhR...870....1D", "2020PhRvL.124b9001F", "2020PhRvL.125v1301M", "2020PhRvL.125z1102D", "2020arXiv200802473F", "2021PhRvD.103d3509F", "2021PhRvD.103l3026B", "2021PhRvD.103l3028W", "2022PhRvD.105j3034D", "2022PhRvD.106g5007W", "2022PhRvL.128i1302D", "2023PhRvD.107h3011W", "2023PhRvD.108d3017A", "2024MNRAS.528.4082S", "2024arXiv240903981T", "2024arXiv241202229X" ]
32523037
2501.01009
Detection of "diffuse" coronal He I 1083 during the April 8 2024 Solar Eclipse: evidence for terrestrial atmospheric scattering origin
Strong He I 1083 nm atomic line signals have been previously measured during total solar eclipses at coronal heights above the lunar limb. This rather unexpected measurement has kindled a discussion about the hypothesized presence of significant amounts of neutral helium at coronal conditions. We performed spectroscopic observations of the He I 1083 nm spectroscopic region with the newly built CHEESE instrument during the April 8th 2024 total solar eclipse to test the presence of He I 1083 in the solar corona. We detected the He I 1083, the forbidden coronal line Fe XIII 1074.7 nm, as well as the chromospheric H I 1093.8 nm Paschen-{\gamma} line in our eclipse observations. The chromospheric He I 1083 and H I 1093.8 nm Paschen-{\gamma} lines are detected in the corona as well as on the lunar disc. Our findings point toward a non-solar origin of the He I 1083 signal during the April 8th 2024 eclipse that challenge the notion of abundant neutral helium in the solar corona inferred from eclipse observations.
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12.665116
15.394307
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101009M
[ "total solar eclipses", "eclipse observations", "nm atomic line signals", "abundant neutral helium", "neutral helium", "coronal heights", "coronal conditions", "spectroscopic observations", "nm spectroscopic region", "2024 total solar eclipse" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
85
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01009" ]
[ "Molnar, M. E.", "Casini, R.", "Bryans, P.", "Berkey, B.", "Tyson, K." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1934ZA......8..124G", "1955C&T....71..288M", "1964ApJ...140..313D", "1971SoPh...17...89C", "1972SoPh...26..366B", "1974A&A....35...43S", "1996ApJ...456L..67K", "1999A&A...345..999R", "1999SoPh..184..421N", "2002A&A...396.1019R", "2007ApJ...667L.203K", "2008ApJ...677..742C", "2010ApJ...722.1411M", "2012SPIE.8444E..3ND", "2012SoPh..275...17L", "2016FrASS...3...13D", "2016FrASS...3...20R", "2019ApJ...877...10J", "2020A&A...642A...1M", "2020A&A...642A..10A", "2020ApJ...890...68S", "2020ApJ...898...72D", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2020Sci...369..694Y", "2022ApJ...935..167A", "2022SSRv..218...15L", "2022SoPh..297...96K", "2023ApJ...943...59S", "2023ApJ...957L..10H", "2023BAAS...55c.047C", "2023BAAS...55c.048C", "2024ApJ...965...40S", "2024ApJ...971...27K", "2024ApJ...977...97M" ]
31964340
2501.01011
Prediction of Geoeffective CMEs Using SOHO Images and Deep Learning
The application of machine learning to the study of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their impacts on Earth has seen significant growth recently. Understanding and forecasting CME geoeffectiveness are crucial for protecting infrastructure in space and ensuring the resilience of technological systems on Earth. Here we present GeoCME, a deep-learning framework designed to predict, deterministically or probabilistically, whether a CME event that arrives at Earth will cause a geomagnetic storm. A geomagnetic storm is defined as a disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere during which the minimum Dst index value is less than ‑50 nT. GeoCME is trained on observations from the instruments including LASCO C2, EIT, and MDI on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), focusing on a dataset that includes 136 halo/partial halo CMEs in Solar Cycle 23. Using ensemble and transfer learning techniques, GeoCME is capable of extracting features hidden in the SOHO observations and making predictions based on the learned features. Our experimental results demonstrate the good performance of GeoCME, achieving a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.807 and a true skill statistics score of 0.714 when the tool is used as a deterministic prediction model. When the tool is used as a probabilistic forecasting model, it achieves a Brier score of 0.094 and a Brier skill score of 0.493. These results are promising, showing that the proposed GeoCME can help enhance our understanding of CME-triggered solar-terrestrial interactions.
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13.192507
16.34676
2024-01-12
0
2024SoPh..299..159A
[ "GeoCME", "CME geoeffectiveness", "Earth", "CME", "coronal mass ejections", "Solar Cycle", "SOHO", "observations", "CMEs", "LASCO C2" ]
[ "Coronal mass ejections", "Solar-terrestrial relations", "Heliosphere", "Computer Science - Machine Learning", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Physics - Space Physics" ]
159
[ "10.1007/s11207-024-02385-w", "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01011" ]
[ "Alobaid, Khalid A.", "Wang, Jason T. L.", "Wang, Haimin", "Jing, Ju", "Abduallah, Yasser", "Wang, Zhenduo", "Farooki, Hameedullah", "Cavus, Huseyin", "Yurchyshyn, Vasyl" ]
[ "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia", "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA", "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 40386 North Shore Lane, 92314, Big Bear City, CA, USA", "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 40386 North Shore Lane, 92314, Big Bear City, CA, USA", "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA", "Institute for Space Weather Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA ; Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA", "Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, USA", "Department of Physics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17110, Canakkale, Turkey", "Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 40386 North Shore Lane, 92314, Big Bear City, CA, USA" ]
null
[ "1950MWRv...78....1B", "1994JGR....99.5771G", "1995SoPh..162..357B", "1998GeoRL..25.3019B", "2001JGR...10620985F", "2002GeoRL..29.1390M", "2002JGRA..107.1019V", "2004JGRA..109.6109M", "2004JGRA..109.7105Y", "2005AdSpR..36.2289G", "2006JGRA..111.2202W", "2006SpWea...410003M", "2007JGRA..112.1206N", "2007JGRA..112.6112G", "2009EP&S...61..595G", "2010QJRMS.136.2109W", "2010SoPh..264..189R", "2013SpWea..11..585B", "2014SpWea..12..448Z", "2015AdSpR..55.2745S", "2016MNRAS.456.1542S", "2016cvpr.confE...1H", "2018ApJ...855..109L", "2018SoPh..293...84A", "2018SoPh..293..107J", "2019ApJ...877..121L", "2019ApJ...881...15W", "2019JASTP.19305036B", "2019RSPTA.37780096V", "2019SoPh..294..110W", "2019SoPh..294..154H", "2020ApJ...890...12L", "2020SoPh..295....7A", "2020SoPh..295...74C", "2021CosRe..59..268K", "2021FrASS...8...58D", "2021MNRAS.506.1186M", "2021RemS...13.1738F", "2021SpWea..1902553A", "2022A&A...665A.110P", "2022A&A...667A.133B", "2022ApJ...934..176P", "2022ApJS..260...16A", "2022FrASS...9.5880T", "2022FrASS...913345A", "2022SoPh..297...65B", "2023A&A...679A..97M", "2023ApJ...948...78S", "2023ApJ...954..151G", "2023ApJ...958L..34A", "2023ApJS..268...69Y", "2023SoPh..298...64R", "2023SoPh..298..138Z", "2024ApJ...963..121C", "2024MNRAS.527.7298H", "2024SoPh..299...40M" ]
32523060
2501.01035
The angular momentum of 1.2$M_\odot$ to 2.0$M_\odot$ main-sequence and turn-off stars constrain the relationship between star-forming environment and galactic evolution history
\textit{Kepler} and \textit{Gaia} data shows an anomaly in the angular momentum-age relationship for 1.2-2 main-sequence stars. After considering model-induced correlation of parameters, the moment of inertia, stellar velocity distribution, sample selection effects, interactions between the Milky Way and dwarf galaxies, the star-disk interaction during the early pre-main sequence, and the angular momentum change on the main sequence, this work suggests that the earlier the star within this mass range born, the smaller the angular momentum at the time of born, following an exponential decay relationship. This relationship should be attributed to the variation in molecular cloud parameters throughout the history of the Milky Way.
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8.522945
11.972956
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101035S
[ "molecular cloud parameters", "stellar velocity distribution", "sample selection effects", "parameters", "interactions", "the early pre-main sequence", "the angular momentum change", "inertia", "the angular momentum-age relationship", "the main sequence" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
144
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01035" ]
[ "Shen, Yu-Fu", "Xu, Yan", "Wang, Yi-Bo", "Huang, Xiu-Lin", "Hu, Xing-Xing", "Yuan, Qi" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1987AJ.....93..864J", "1989A&AS...81...37C", "1989AJ.....97..873H", "2000MNRAS.312..387F", "2000Sci...287.2456H", "2002ApJ...570..656J", "2002MNRAS.332..915I", "2004sipp.book.....H", "2005ASPC..347...29T", "2005MNRAS.356..167M", "2006AJ....132..749W", "2007ApJ...671..605C", "2007MNRAS.377..741I", "2007prpl.conf..297H", "2008MNRAS.383.1588I", "2008MNRAS.384..675I", "2009A&A...502..883R", "2009A&A...508.1117Z", "2009ApJ...691..342H", "2009ApJ...695..679M", "2009MNRAS.392.1456I", "2010ApJ...713L..79K", "2010ApJ...714..989M", "2010ApJ...722..605H", "2010MNRAS.403..545L", "2010Sci...327..977B", "2011ApJ...733..115M", "2011ApJ...733L...9M", "2011ApJ...740..110A", "2011MNRAS.413.2218D", "2011MNRAS.416..580L", "2012ApJ...747...51H", "2012ApJ...748...20C", "2012ApJ...748...97R", "2012MNRAS.422.2246M", "2013A&A...550A..99Z", "2013A&A...560A..13M", "2014ApJ...783...55C", "2014ApJS..211...24M", "2015A&A...577A..98G", "2016A&A...595A...1G", "2017MNRAS.465...76M", "2018MNRAS.478..611B", "2021ApJ...914..123I", "2023A&A...674A...1G" ]
32523096
2501.01070
SpecPT (Spectroscopy Pre-trained Transformer) Model for Extragalactic Spectroscopy: I. Architecture and Automated Redshift Measurement
We introduce the Spectroscopy Pre-trained Transformer (SpecPT), a transformer-based model designed to analyze spectroscopic data, with applications in spectrum reconstruction and redshift measurement. Using the Early Data Release (EDR) of the DESI survey, we evaluate SpecPT's performance on two distinct datasets: the Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) and Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) samples. SpecPT successfully reconstructs spectra, accurately capturing emission lines, absorption features, and continuum shapes while effectively reducing noise. For redshift prediction, SpecPT achieves competitive accuracy, with Normalized Median Absolute Deviation (NMAD) values of 0.0006 and 0.0008, and catastrophic outlier fractions of 0.20% and 0.80% for BGS and ELG, respectively. Notably, SpecPT performs consistently well across the full redshift range ($0 &lt; z &lt; 1.6$), demonstrating its versatility and robustness. By leveraging its learned latent representations, SpecPT lays the groundwork for a foundational spectroscopic model, with potential applications in outlier detection, interstellar medium (ISM) property estimation, and transfer learning to other datasets. This work represents a first step in building a generalized framework for spectroscopic analysis, capable of scaling to the full DESI dataset and beyond.
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11.716606
4.688471
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101070P
[ "SpecPT", "catastrophic outlier fractions", "Normalized Median Absolute Deviation", "Emission Line Galaxy", "outlier detection", "potential applications", "spectroscopic data", "redshift prediction", "other datasets", "absorption features" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
150
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01070" ]
[ "Pattnaik, Rohan", "Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.", "Binu, Clive" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1998PASP..110..934K", "2001MNRAS.328.1039C", "2004ApJS..152..163R", "2004PASP..116..345C", "2005A&A...439..845L", "2005ApJ...619L...1M", "2005PASP..117...79W", "2009ApJ...690.1236I", "2010ApJ...715..823G", "2010PASP..122..248B", "2010PASP..122..827G", "2012AJ....144..144B", "2012PASP..124..274W", "2013MNRAS.432.1483C", "2014MNRAS.441.2440B", "2015MNRAS.449.2040H", "2016A&C....16...34H", "2016arXiv160601781C", "2016arXiv161100036D", "2018MNRAS.475.2978F", "2019ARA&A..57..511K", "2020arXiv200912318W", "2021A&A...651A..55S", "2021ApJ...909...53Z", "2023AJ....165..126R", "2023AJ....165..144G", "2023AJ....165..253H", "2023AJ....166...74M", "2023AJ....166...75L", "2023AJ....166..259S", "2023ApJ...956L...6L", "2024AJ....167...62D", "2024MNRAS.531.4990P", "2024MNRAS.532..643Z" ]
32523101
2501.01074
First Search for Pulsed CH Maser Emission Stimulated by a Pulsar
We present the first search for pulsed CH maser emission potentially stimulated by PSR J1644$-$4559, conducted using the ultra-wide-bandwidth low-frequency receiver on Murriyang, CSIRO's Parkes Radio Telescope. Observations targeted three CH $\Lambda$-doublet transitions at 3264, 3335, and 3349 MHz, with a variability timescale of 78 ms. We detected ten CH emission features at 3335 and 3349 MHz, and seven features at 3264 MHz, during both pulsar-ON and pulsar-OFF phases. The observed velocities align with the OH emission and absorption reported by a previous study, suggesting a close spatial association between CH and OH molecules. The derived column densities for CH clouds within the Parkes beam range from $0.05$ to $9.8 \times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, indicating that these clouds are likely in diffuse and translucent states. Upper limits for CH column densities within the pulsar beam ranged from $0.3$ to $9.8 \times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$. Comparison of these column densities suggests that CH clouds may exhibit clumpiness and substructure. No significant stimulated emission feature was detected in the optical depth spectra. Additionally, as part of our search for pulsed stimulated emission, we investigated the potential CH absorption of the pulsar signal and found none, in agreement with astrophysical expectations. The upper limits for the potential maser amplification factors towards PSR J1644$-$4559 at 3264, 3335, and 3349 MHz are 1.014, 1.009, and 1.009, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting pulsed CH maser emission in the interstellar medium stimulated by pulsar photons.
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5.686893
4.569344
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101074L
[ "pulsed CH maser emission", "CH clouds", "CH column densities", "pulsed stimulated emission", "pulsar photons", "\\times 10^{13}$", "Parkes Radio Telescope", "PSR J1644$-$4559", "No significant stimulated emission feature", "\\Lambda$-doublet transitions" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
116
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01074" ]
[ "Liu, Mengting", "Li, Di", "Dawson, J. R.", "Weisberg, Joel M.", "Hobbs, George", "Tang, Ningyu", "Luo, Gan", "Xu, Duo", "Quan, Donghui" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1975ApJ...199..633B", "1976ApJS...31..333R", "1979A&A....73..253G", "1979A&A....77..204W", "1988ApJ...329..425T", "1988ApJ...333..332C", "1992ASSL..170.....E", "1994ApJ...436..144F", "2002A&A...391..693L", "2003ApJ...592..953S", "2003MNRAS.341..941J", "2008ApJ...677..373M", "2008ApJ...687.1075S", "2010ApJ...720..415S", "2011A&A...531A.121S", "2011PASA...28....1V", "2011piim.book.....D", "2012ApJ...755...39V", "2013MNRAS.434...69L", "2014PASA...31....7C", "2016ApJ...819...22X", "2016ApJ...833...90X", "2018ApJS..235....2H", "2019MNRAS.489.2330C", "2021A&A...650A.133J", "2021ApJ...911L..13L", "2021ApJS..257...47T", "2022ApJ...930..141J", "2022MNRAS.512.3345D" ]
32523162
2501.01122
Probing exoplanetary magnetism via atomic alignment effect
The intrinsic magnetic fields of exoplanets affect the structure of their atmospheres and plasmaspheres and, therefore, the observational manifestations of transit absorptions. This work proposes a new method for constraining the presence or absence of relatively weak magnetic fields. The method is based on the quantum effect of atomic alignment of the lower energy level resulting in changing the absorption probabilities of individual transitions of multiplets from the equilibrium 2J+1 value. It appears to be sensitive to fields above ~0.001 G. We applied this method to some available transit observations of exoplanets and demonstrate that we indeed have the possibility to constrain the intrinsic magnetic field of some exoplanets right now. However, more precise and repetitive measurements, which might be available in near future, are needed for definite conclusions.
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7.741845
14.325901
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101122R
[ "transit absorptions", "near future", "exoplanets", "fields", "individual transitions", "atomic alignment", "definite conclusions", "The intrinsic magnetic fields", "the intrinsic magnetic field", "relatively weak magnetic fields" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Physics - Space Physics" ]
161
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01122" ]
[ "Rumenskikh, M.", "Taichenachev, A. V.", "Shaikhislamov, I. F.", "Yudin, V. I." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32523200
2501.01171
LAMOST J101356.33+272410.7: A Detached White Dwarf-Main-sequence Binary with a Massive White Dwarf Within the Period Gap
We report the analysis of the detached eclipsing spectroscopic binary system LAMOST J101356.33+272410.7, which features a massive white dwarf. Using LAMOST and SDSS spectra, we determined the stellar parameters and radial velocities of both components. SED fitting of photometric data from GALEX, 2MASS, and Pan-STARRS1 yielded the effective temperatures and photometric radii. Eclipsing analysis of high-speed photometric data from the Liverpool Telescope provided orbital inclination, masses, radii, and related physical parameters. The white dwarf in this system has a mass of $1.05 \pm 0.09 \, M_\odot$ and a radius of $0.0090 \pm 0.0008 \, R_\odot$, while the main-sequence star has a mass of $0.299 \pm 0.045 \, M_\odot$ and a radius of $0.286 \pm 0.018 \, R_\odot$. Emission lines observed in the spectra indicate the likely presence of stellar magnetic activity in this system. The relatively cool temperature of the white dwarf suggests that the system could be a post-common-envelope binary (PCEB) that has not undergone mass transfer, while the presence of a massive white dwarf indicates that the system might also represent a detached cataclysmic variable (dCV) crossing the period gap. We suggest that the system is more likely to be a PCEB, and it is predicted to evolve into a cataclysmic variable and begin mass transfer in approximately 0.27 Gyr.
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5.950796
11.255213
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101171H
[ "photometric radii", "mass transfer", "photometric data", "Pan-STARRS1", "stellar magnetic activity", "radii", "related physical parameters", "the detached eclipsing spectroscopic binary system", "SDSS spectra", "LAMOST J101356.33" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
146
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01171" ]
[ "He, Yuji", "Yuan, Hailong", "Bai, Zhongrui", "Yang, Mingkuan", "Wang, Mengxin", "Dong, Yiqiao", "Huang, Xin", "Zhou, Ming", "Liu, Qian", "Yang, Xiaozhen", "Li, Ganyu", "Jiang, Ziyue", "Zhang, Haotong" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1971ApJ...166..605W", "1971ApJ...170L..99F", "1983ApJ...275..713R", "1986A&A...158..161R", "1988ApJ...332..193V", "1989ApJ...345..972T", "1995ApJ...439..330K", "1995PASP..107.1047B", "1999MNRAS.309.1034K", "2000AJ....120.1579Y", "2001ApJ...550..897H", "2001PASP..113..409F", "2004AN....325..519S", "2006MNRAS.373..484K", "2007MNRAS.382.1377R", "2008MNRAS.389.1563D", "2009ApJ...693.1007T", "2009ApJ...696..870D", "2010MNRAS.402.2591P", "2010MNRAS.407.2362P", "2010PASP..122..935E", "2011ApJS..194...28K", "2012MNRAS.419..304P", "2012MNRAS.419..806R", "2012MNRAS.419..817P", "2012MNRAS.419.1442P", "2012MNRAS.420.3281P", "2012MNRAS.426.1950P", "2012RAA....12.1197C", "2013MNRAS.433.3398R", "2014IAUS..299..271A", "2014MNRAS.445.1924B", "2015A&A...577A..42B", "2015ApJ...809...80G", "2015MNRAS.449.2194P", "2016ApJ...833...83K", "2016MNRAS.455L..16S", "2016MNRAS.457.3867Z", "2016MNRAS.458.2793P", "2017IJMPS..4560023K", "2017MNRAS.468.3109V", "2017MNRAS.470.4473P", "2017PASP..129b4004B", "2017RAA....17...91B", "2018ApJ...868...60G", "2018MNRAS.478..651G", "2019MNRAS.486.5535M", "2019PASP..131a8003M", "2019PASP..131i4502F", "2020AdSpR..66.1080Z", "2020MNRAS.494.3799P", "2020ascl.soft04004W", "2021RAA....21..249B", "2022ARep...66S...5C", "2022yCat.1355....0G", "2023AJ....165..119Y", "2023MNRAS.524.4867I", "2024A&A...682L...7S", "2024ApJ...963...17A" ]
32523238
2501.01207
The long road to the Green Valley: Tracing the evolution of the Green Valley galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
We study the evolution of the progenitors of the present-day Green Valley (GV) galaxies across redshift $z=10-0$ using data from the EAGLE simulations. We identify the present-day green valley galaxies using entropic thresholding and track the evolution of the physical properties of their progenitors up to $z=10$. Our study identifies three distinct phases in their evolution: (i) an early growth phase ($z=10-6$), where progenitors are gas-rich, efficiently form stars, and experience AGN feedback regulating star formation in massive galaxies, (ii) a transition phase ($z=6-2$), marked by frequent interactions and mergers in higher-density environments, driving starbursts, depleting gas reservoirs, and strengthening correlations between cold gas and halo properties, and (iii) a quenching phase ($z=2-0$), dominated by environmental and mass-dependent processes that suppress star formation and deplete cold gas. Our analysis shows that at $z&lt;1$, environmental factors and cold gas depletion dominate quenching, with tighter correlations between stellar mass, SFR, and cold gas content. The interplay between mass and environmental density during this period drives diverse and distinct evolutionary pathways. Low-mass progenitors evolve gradually in low-density regions due to secular processes and slow gas depletion, while those in high-density environments quench rapidly via environmental mechanisms. High-mass progenitors in low-density environments exhibit prolonged green valley phases driven by internal processes. In contrast, those in dense environments undergo quenching more quickly due to the combined effects of internal and external processes. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of the mechanisms shaping the GV population across cosmic time.
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12.097586
6.530901
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101207D
[ "cold gas depletion dominate quenching", "cold gas", "deplete cold gas", "cold gas content", "slow gas depletion", "gas reservoirs", "prolonged green valley phases", "environmental mechanisms", "star formation", "dense environments" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
181
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01207" ]
[ "Das, Apashanka", "Pandey, Biswajit" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
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32523278
2501.01234
Impact of QCD sum rules coupling constants on neutron stars structure
We present a detailed investigation on the structure of neutron stars, incorporating the presence of hyperons within a relativistic model under the mean-field approximation. Employing coupling constants derived from QCD sum rules, we explore the particle fraction in beta equilibrium and establish the mass-radius relationship for neutron stars with hyperonic matter. Additionally, we compute the stellar Love number ($\mathcal{K}_{2}$) and the tidal deformability parameter ($\varLambda$), providing valuable insights into the dynamical properties of these celestial objects. Through comparison with theoretical predictions and observational data, our results exhibit good agreement, affirming the validity of our approach. These findings contribute significantly to refining the understanding of neutron star physics, particularly in environments containing hyperons, and offer essential constraints on the equation of state governing such extreme astrophysical conditions.
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4.631633
1.89894
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101234M
[ "neutron stars", "neutron star physics", "QCD sum rules", "such extreme astrophysical conditions", "good agreement", "observational data", "valuable insights", "hyperons", "essential constraints", "beta equilibrium" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Nuclear Theory" ]
136
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01234" ]
[ "Moradi Jangal, F.", "Moshfegh, H. R.", "Azizi, K." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1939PhRv...55..364T", "1939PhRv...55..374O", "1971ApJ...170..299B", "1974AnPhy..83..491W", "1974PhLB...52...24C", "1979NuPhB.147..385S", "1981NuPhB.188..317I", "1985ApJ...293..470G", "1991PhRvL..67.2414G", "1996NuPhA.606..508M", "1998IJMPE...7..301H", "1998PhRvC..57..704S", "1999ApJS..121..515B", "2000PhR...328..237H", "2001ApJ...550..426L", "2004PhR...398..253D", "2005PrPNP..54..193W", "2006NuPhA.780..247U", "2006PhRvC..73d4009E", "2006PhRvC..74d5201E", "2007PhRvD..75e4020W", "2008ApJ...677.1216H", "2008PhRvD..77b1502F", "2009PhRvD..79e6005A", "2009PhRvD..80a6010A", "2009PhRvD..80h4018B", "2010Natur.467.1081D", "2010PhRvC..81c5803D", "2010PhRvD..81h4016D", "2012PhRvD..85l3007D", "2013MUPB...68..205Z", "2014PhRvC..89a4314L", "2015PhRvD..92a4022A", "2015SciA....1E0578H", "2016ARA&A..54..401O", "2016JPhCS.668a2031V", "2016PhRvD..93g4002A", "2016PhRvL.116f1102A", "2017PhRvC..95a5801K", "2017PhRvD..95i4016A", "2018ApJS..235...37A", "2018PhRvC..98c5804M", "2018PhRvL.121p1101A", "2019ApJ...887L..22R", "2019EPJA...55..209L", "2019PhRvX...9a1001A", "2020ApJ...892L...3A", "2020GReGr..52..109C", "2020MNRAS.498.4605H", "2020NatAs...4...72C", "2020PhRvD.101l3001K", "2021ApJ...913...27L", "2021ApJ...915L..12F", "2021ApJ...918L..28M", "2022ApJ...934L..17R", "2023RAA....23e5016X", "2024EPJC...84..171S", "2024arXiv240501887T" ]
32523307
2501.01286
Gravitational waves from color restoration in a leptoquark model of radiative neutrino masses
We study the first-order phase transitions and the emerging stochastic gravitational wave spectrum in a minimal leptoquark extension of the Standard Model that explains active neutrino oscillation data while satisfying current flavor physics constraints. This model exhibits diverse phase transition patterns, including color symmetry-breaking scenarios in the early Universe. Strong correlations between model parameters and gravitational-wave signals yield testable predictions for future experiments such as LISA, BBO, and DECIGO. Specifically, a detectable signal in the mHz$\unicode{x2013}$0.1~Hz frequency range features color-restoration and leptoquark masses near $1.5~\mathrm{TeV}$. With this article, we also present the first application in the literature of \texttt{Dratopi}. This is a soon-to-be-released tool for phase transition analysis using the dimensional reduction formalism, that interfaces the \texttt{DRalgo} package with \texttt{Python} and a slightly modified version of \texttt{CosmoTransitions}.
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9.583611
-1.285755
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101286B
[ "phase transition analysis", "diverse phase transition patterns", "active neutrino oscillation data", "current flavor physics constraints", "Hz frequency range", "model parameters", "future experiments", "testable predictions", "first", "the emerging stochastic gravitational wave" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
154
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01286" ]
[ "Bertenstam, Mårten", "Finetti, Marco", "Morais, António P.", "Pasechnik, Roman", "Rathsman, Johan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1983NuPhB.216..421L", "1992PhRvD..45.2685A", "1993ARNPS..43...27C", "1994PhRvD..49.2837K", "1995PhRvD..51.6990B", "1996NuPhB.458...90K", "1996NuPhB.466..189K", "1996PhRvL..77.2887K", "2000PhRvD..62g3009M", "2006CQGra..23.4887H", "2006CQGra..23S.125K", "2006JHEP...11..038F", "2008PhRvD..77e5011A", "2010NuPhB.841..130B", "2012CoPhC.183.2006W", "2012NJPh...14l5003M", "2013PhRvD..88a5003P", "2015PhRvD..92k4025P", "2016JCAP...04..001C", "2016PhRvD..94g5008H", "2016PhRvL.116f1102A", "2016arXiv160607069E", "2017EPJC...77..417D", "2017FrP.....5...63C", "2017arXiv170200786A", "2018CQGra..35p3001C", "2018JHEP...01..097S", "2018PhRvD..97l3509R", "2019JCAP...04..003E", "2019JCAP...06..024E", "2019PhRvD.100k5024G", "2019arXiv190301799C", "2020arXiv200809136H", "2021JHEP...04..055C", "2021JHEP...06..130S", "2021JHEP...07..069Z", "2021Natur.593...51B", "2022JCAP...03..046F", "2022PhRvD.106b3501L", "2022PhRvD.106k4502C", "2023CoPhC.28808725E", "2023JCAP...05..055F", "2023JHEP...12..056E", "2023PhRvD.108k5002F", "2023arXiv230502357A", "2024EPJC...84.1309A", "2024JCAP...10..020C", "2024JHEP...01..048G", "2024JHEP...02..234K", "2024PhLB..84938430C", "2024PhRvD.110b3538L", "2024arXiv240207571C" ]
32523312
2501.01289
FEASTS: Radial Distribution of HI surface densities down to 0.01 M$_{\odot}$ pc$^{-2}$ of 35 Nearby Galaxies
We present the HI surface density ($\Sigma_{\rm HI}$) radial distributions based on total-power HI images obtained by FAST in the FEASTS program, for 35 galaxies with inclinations lower than 72 degree. We derive the HI radius $R_{001}$, which is the radius for the 0.01 $\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ ($\sim10^{18.1}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$) iso-density level, 100 times deeper than the 1 $\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ level previously commonly used to measure $R_1$. The profile shapes show a large diversity at a given radius in units of kpc, group virial radius, and $R_1$, but align more tightly with radius normalized by $R_{001}$. The universal HI profile has a scatter of $\sim0.2$ dex, and a scale-length of $\sim0.11R_{001}$ in the outer region. We derive a new $R_{001}$-$M_{\rm HI}$ relation, which has a scatter of 0.02 dex, and similar slope of $\sim$0.5 as the previously known $R_1$-$M_{\rm HI}$ relation. Excluding strongly tidal-interacting galaxies, the ratio $R_{001}/R_1$ (anti-)correlate strongly and significantly with the HI-to-stellar mass ratio and sSFR, but not with the stellar mass, $M_{\rm HI}$, dark matter mass, or SFR. The strongly tidal-interacting galaxies tend to show deviations from these trends, and have the most flattened profiles. These results imply that in absence of major tidal interactions, physical processes must cooperate so that $\Sigma_{\rm HI}$ distributes in a self-similar way in the outer region down to the 0.01$\,M_{\odot}\,{\rm pc}^{-2}$ level. Moreover, they may drive gas flows in such a way, that HI-richer galaxies have HI disks not only extend further, but also transport HI inward more efficiently from $R_{001}$ to $R_1$.
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11.888645
7.881413
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101289W
[ "HI", "R_1$-$M_{\\rm HI}$", "major tidal interactions", "radius", "similar slope", "HI-richer galaxies", "group virial radius", "dark matter mass", "total-power HI images", "The universal HI profile" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
209
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01289" ]
[ "Wang, Jing", "Yang, Dong", "Lin, Xuchen", "Huang, Qifeng", "Qu, Zhijie", "Chen, Hsiao-Wen", "Guo, Hong", "Ho, Luis C.", "Jiang, Peng", "Liang, Zezhong", "Péroux, Céline", "Staveley-Smith, Lister", "Weng, Simon" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32523342
2501.01308
Probing Loop Quantum Gravity via Kerr Black Hole and EHT Results
Recently, a study on optical properties and shadow of quantum Schwarzschild black hole appeared in [Ye et al., Phys. Lett. B 851, 138566, (2024)] for a fixed Barbero-Immirzi parameter $\gamma$. Following the same approach, we considered its rotating counterpart which is precisely a deformed Kerr metric in Loop Quantum Gravity. The deviation between the quantum-corrected Kerr and Kerr black holes has been investigated by the analysis of horizon structure and null geodesics by assuming a fixed value of $\gamma$. We have proved a theorem dealing with the location of unstable circular null orbits for all metrics of this kind by incorporating the convexity of effective potential of the Kerr black hole. The deviation between the shadows of the quantum-corrected and Kerr black holes has also been studied, and lastly the shadow analysis is incorporated in comparison with the EHT results for M87* and Sgr A* to precisely probe the quantity of deviation due to quantum correction. We have found that the quantum correction significantly reduces the extremal spin value and hence the size of the black hole as compared to Kerr black hole. Moreover, the unstable null orbits for quantum black hole are always smaller than the unstable null orbits for Kerr black hole. Lastly, we found that the quantum correction allows the deformed Kerr black hole to mimic Sgr A* with a higher probability than the Kerr black hole. However, the quantum-corrected Kerr black hole barely mimics M87*.
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8.892591
2.785374
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101308R
[ "Kerr black hole", "quantum black hole", "quantum Schwarzschild black hole", "Kerr metric", "quantum correction", "Kerr", "quantum", "unstable circular null orbits", "the deformed Kerr black hole", "the Kerr black hole" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
182
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01308" ]
[ "Raza, Muhammad Ali", "Zubair, M.", "Atamurotov, Farruh", "Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1916SPAW.......189S", "1939PhRv...56..455O", "1965PhRvL..14...57P", "1966MNRAS.131..463S", "1968PhRv..174.1559C", "1970RSPSA.314..529H", "1998JHA....29...86K", "1998mtbh.book.....C", "2000ApJ...528L..13F", "2000Prama..55..529J", "2001PhRvL..86.5227B", "2003gr.qc.....4074A", "2004CQGra..21.5233D", "2004CQGra..21.5245M", "2004CQGra..21R..53A", "2004qugr.book.....R", "2005PhRvL..95i1302B", "2006CQGra..23..391A", "2006PhRvD..73l4038A", "2006PhRvD..74h4003A", "2006PhRvL..96n1301A", "2007IJMPD..16.1397H", "2007PhRvD..76j4030B", "2007mcqg.book.....T", "2008arXiv0811.2196M", "2009PhLB..682....1Y", "2009PhRvD..80b4042H", "2009PhRvD..80h4002B", "2012PhRvD..85f4019A", "2013LRR....16....3P", "2013PhRvD..87d4057A", "2013PhRvD..88f4004A", "2013PhRvD..88j4020H", "2014EPJC...74.2865A", "2014PhRvD..89l4004G", "2014PhRvD..90b4073P", "2014PhRvD..90f4041A", "2015MNRAS.454.2423A", "2016CQGra..33e5006C", "2016EPJC...76..273A", "2017PhRvD..95j4058T", "2018GReGr..50...42C", "2018NatAs...2..585M", "2018PhRvD..98l6003A", "2018PhRvL.121h1303A", "2018PhRvL.121x1301A", "2019ApJ...875L...1E", "2019ApJ...875L...4E", "2019ApJ...875L...5E", "2019ApJ...875L...6E", "2019PhRvD.100d4057B", "2020ApJ...892...78K", "2020PhRvD.102d1502Z", "2021PhRvD.104b4001H", "2021PhRvD.104d6019M", "2021PhRvD.104j6017G", "2022ApJ...930L..12E", "2022ApJ...930L..14E", "2022ApJ...930L..17E", "2022ApJ...932...51A", "2022CQGra..39b5014A", "2022EPJC...82..771S", "2022EPJC...82..831A", "2022EPJC...82.1018J", "2022PhRvD.105b4069Z", "2022PhRvD.106h4051B", "2022PhRvL.128l1301H", "2022RNAAS...6..106V", "2023ApJ...943...22U", "2023ApJ...944..149A", "2023CQGra..40p5007V", "2023EPJC...83..250P", "2023EPJC...83..588N", "2023PhRvL.130j1501L", "2024EPJC...84..971Z", "2024PhRvD.110l4042L", "2024arXiv241009198A", "2025JHEAp..45...75V" ]
32523330
2501.01310
Systematic Search for Long-Term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) exhibit variability across a wide range of time scales. Traditionally, this variability can often be modeled well as a stochastic process. However, in certain cases, jetted AGN variability displays regular patterns, enabling us to conduct investigations aimed at understanding its origins. Additionally, a novel type of variability has emerged in jetted AGN lightcurves, specifically, the observation of a long-term trend characterized by a linear increase of the flux with time in blazars such as PG 1553+113, which is among the objects most likely to display periodic behavior. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for long-term trends, spanning $\approx$10\, years, utilizing 12 years of Fermi-LAT observations. The study is focused on detecting the presence of linear or quadratic long-term trends in a sample of 3308 jetted AGN. Our analysis has identified 40 jetted AGN that exhibit long-term trends, each with distinct properties, which we also characterize in this study. These long-term trends may originate from the dynamics of a supermassive black hole binary system, or they could be the result of intrinsic phenomena within the jet itself. Our findings can help in addressing questions pertaining to the astrophysical origins of variability and periodicity within jetted AGN.
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16.404943
5.648954
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101310P
[ "jetted AGN", "jetted AGN lightcurves", "AGN", "variability", "quadratic long-term trends", "long-term trends", "Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei", "time scales", "regular patterns", "3308 jetted AGN" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
144
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01310" ]
[ "Penil, P.", "Domínguez, A.", "Buson, S.", "Ajello, M.", "Adhikari, S.", "Rico, A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1976Ap&SS..39..447L", "1982ApJ...263..835S", "1988ApJ...325..628S", "1992A&A...255...59C", "1996ASPC..110..391U", "1996ApJ...461..396M", "1999PASP..111.1347W", "2003MNRAS.344..468G", "2003MNRAS.345.1271V", "2003PhLA..314..392G", "2006astro.ph..3728W", "2010ApJ...722..520A", "2011JApA...32..139U", "2011JApA...32..233M", "2012ApJ...760...51R", "2012IJMPS...8..151M", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013MNRAS.431..355G", "2013MNRAS.432.1203M", "2013MNRAS.433..907E", "2013arXiv1303.3514A", "2015ApJ...813L..41A", "2015MNRAS.446L..36F", "2015MNRAS.452.2540D", "2015arXiv150306676C", "2016AJ....151...54S", "2016MNRAS.461.3145V", "2017ApJ...846...34A", "2017ICRC...35..824W", "2017MNRAS.465..161S", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...866...11D", "2018arXiv181011394B", "2019Galax...7...23R", "2019Galax...7...28R", "2020ApJ...891..120B", "2020ApJ...891..170V", "2020ApJ...896..134P", "2020ApJS..247...33A", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020arXiv200511208B", "2020arXiv201001038C", "2021MNRAS.501...50S", "2022A&A...661A..54F", "2022ApJ...928..187C", "2022ApJ...931..168G", "2022PhRvD.106j3010W", "2022arXiv221101894P", "2023A&A...672A..86R", "2023ApJ...955...72K", "2023MNRAS.518.5788O", "2024ApJ...965..124A", "2024MNRAS.52710168P" ]
32523367
2501.01321
Multi-Observatory Study of Young Stellar Energetic Flares (MORYSEF): No Evidence For Abnormally Strong Stellar Magnetic Fields After Powerful X-ray Flares
We explore the empirical power-law relationship between X-ray luminosity (Lx) and total surface magnetic flux (Phi), established across solar magnetic elements, time- and disk-averaged emission from the Sun, older active stars, and pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars. Previous models of large PMS X-ray flares, lacking direct magnetic field measurements, showed discrepancies from this baseline law, which MHD simulations attribute to unusually strong magnetic fields during flares. To test this, we used nearly simultaneous Chandra X-ray and HET-HPF near-infrared observations of four young Orion stars, measuring surface magnetic fields during or just after powerful PMS X-ray flares. We also modeled these PMS X-ray flares, incorporating their measured magnetic field strengths. Our findings reveal magnetic field strengths at the stellar surface typical of non-flaring PMS stars, ruling out the need for abnormally strong fields during flares. Both PMS and solar flares deviate from the Lx-Phi law, with PMS flares exhibiting a more pronounced deviation, primarily due to their much larger active regions on the surface and larger flaring loop volumes above the surface compared to their solar counterparts. These deviations likely stem from the fact that powerful flares are driven by magnetic reconnection, while baseline X-ray emission may involve less efficient mechanisms like Alfven wave heating. Our results also indicate a preference for dipolar magnetic loops in PMS flares, consistent with Zeeman-Doppler imaging of fully convective stars. This requirement for giant dipolar loops aligns with MHD predictions of strong dipoles supported by polar magnetic surface active regions in fast-rotating, fully convective stars.
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8.994313
12.748363
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101321G
[ "large PMS X-ray flares", "powerful PMS X-ray flares", "PMS X-ray", "surface magnetic fields", "PMS flares", "magnetic field strengths", "polar magnetic surface active regions", "Chandra X-ray", "total surface magnetic flux", "direct magnetic field measurements" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
131
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01321" ]
[ "Getman, Konstantin V.", "Kochukhov, Oleg", "Ninan, Joe P.", "Feigelson, Eric D.", "Airapetian, Vladimir S.", "Waggoner, Abygail R.", "Cleeves, L. Ilsedore", "Forbrich, Jan", "Dzib, Sergio A.", "Law, Charles J.", "Rab, Christian", "Krolikowski, Daniel M." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1971SoPh...18..489B", "1978ApJ...220..643R", "1986ApJ...303..336G", "1988ApJ...330..474P", "1992A&A...264L..13S", "1993ApJ...417..313L", "1993ApJS...88..253S", "1996ASPC..101...17A", "1996SoPh..169...91L", "1997A&A...325..782R", "1998ApJ...504..405S", "1998ApJ...508..885F", "1998SPIE.3352...34R", "1999ApJ...526L..49S", "2001ApJ...551.1099S", "2002A&A...392..699V", "2002PASP..114....1W", "2003ApJ...598.1387P", "2003SPIE.4851...28G", "2005ApJS..160..319G", "2005ApJS..160..379F", "2005ApJS..160..401P", "2005ApJS..160..423W", "2005ApJS..160..469F", "2006ApJ...642.1246S", "2006JGRA..11110S14W", "2006SPIE.6270E..1VF", "2007A&A...468..379A", "2007A&A...468..463S", "2007A&A...471..271R", "2007A&A...471..645C", "2007A&A...474..495A", "2007ApJ...660.1462M", "2007ApJ...664..975J", "2007ApJ...665.1448S", "2007LRSP....4....3G", "2007PASP..119..556S", "2007pms..conf..109K", "2008A&A...486..951G", "2008ApJ...672..659A", "2008ApJ...676.1262B", "2008ApJ...688..418G", "2008ApJ...688..437G", "2009A&ARv..17..309G", "2009ARA&A..47..333D", "2009ApJ...697..373R", "2009Natur.457..167C", "2010A&A...522A..13R", "2010A&A...524A...5K", "2010ApJ...714.1582B", "2011A&A...528A.135I", "2011A&A...530A..84K", "2011ApJ...730....6G", "2011ApJ...736....3V", "2012AJ....144..192M", "2012ApJ...755...97G", "2012MNRAS.427..127B", "2012SPIE.8446E..1SM", "2012ascl.soft03001B", "2013ApJ...764..167S", "2014A&A...561A..59Z", "2014ApJ...797...50A", "2014LRSP...11....4R", "2014MNRAS.444.1157D", "2014MNRAS.444.2525C", "2014SPIE.9147E..1GM", "2015A&A...573A..68Y", "2015LRSP...12....1V", "2015PhyS...90e4005R", "2016ApJ...818...59D", "2016MNRAS.457.3836G", "2017ARA&A..55..213S", "2017ApJ...834...14C", "2017ApJ...835L...4K", "2017ApJ...846....8E", "2017NatAs...1E.184S", "2017SoPh..292..120K", "2018A&A...620A..55F", "2018SPIE10709E..2UN", "2019A&A...626A..86S", "2019A&A...630A..99L", "2019AJ....157..196K", "2019ApJ...877..105M", "2019ApJ...880...97L", "2019Optic...6..233M", "2020A&A...635A.142K", "2020A&A...640A.116S", "2020AJ....159..100S", "2020ApJ...888..116S", "2020ApJ...903...23A", "2021A&A...652A..32Z", "2021A&A...653A..69G", "2021A&ARv..29....1K", "2021AJ....162..298H", "2021ARA&A..59..445H", "2021ApJ...906...72O", "2021ApJ...916...32G", "2021ApJ...920..154G", "2021ApJS..252...11A", "2022A&A...662A..41R", "2022Ap&SS.367...33V", "2022ApJ...927..179T", "2022ApJ...931..113K", "2022ApJ...935...43G", "2022ApJS..262...46T", "2023ApJ...952...63G", "2023ApJ...959...98G", "2023MNRAS.518.4930C", "2023MNRAS.525.4243S", "2023SSRv..219...58K", "2024ApJ...966...86S", "2024ApJ...970..190S", "2024LRSP...21....1K" ]
32523353
2501.01331
Quasi-parallel anti-sunward propagating whistler waves associated to the electron-deficit in the near-Sun solar wind: Particle-in-Cell simulation
In-situ observations of the solar wind have shown that the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) consists of a quasi-Maxwellian core, comprising most of the electron population, and two sparser components: the halo, which are suprathermal and quasi-isotropic electrons, and an escaping beam population, the strahl. Recent Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SO) observations have added one more ingredient to the known non-thermal features, the deficit-a depletion in the sunward region of the VDF, already predicted by exospheric models but never so extensively observed. By employing Particle-in-Cell simulations, we study electron VDFs that reproduce those typically observed in the inner heliosphere and investigate whether the electron deficit may contribute to the onset of kinetic instabilities. Previous studies and in-situ observations show that strahl electrons drive oblique whistler waves unstable, which in turn scatter them. As a result, suprathermal electrons can occupy regions of phase space where they fulfil resonance conditions with the parallel-propagating whistler wave. The suprathermal electrons lose kinetic energy, resulting in the generation of unstable waves. The sunward side of the VDF, initially depleted of electrons, is gradually filled, as this wave-particle interaction process, triggered by the depletion itself, takes place. Our findings are compared and validated against current PSP and SO observations: among others, our study provides a mechanism explaining the presence in the heliosphere of regularly observed parallel anti-sunward whistler waves; suggests why these waves are frequently observed in concomitant with distributions presenting an electron deficit; describes a non-collisional heat flux regulating process.
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12.820477
14.516101
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101331M
[ "suprathermal electrons", "strahl electrons", "electron VDFs", "electrons", "oblique whistler waves", "unstable waves", "suprathermal and quasi-isotropic electrons", "regularly observed parallel anti-sunward whistler waves", "the electron velocity distribution function", "a non-collisional heat flux regulating process" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Physics - Plasma Physics", "Physics - Space Physics" ]
116
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01331" ]
[ "Micera, Alfredo", "Verscharen, Daniel", "Coburn, Jesse T.", "Innocenti, Maria Elena" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1970A&A.....6..219J", "1971JGR....76.7479L", "1973RvGSP..11..427L", "1975JGR....80.4181F", "1977JGZG...42..561R", "1987JGR....92.1075P", "1988csup.book.....H", "1994JGR....9923401S", "1996JGR...101.7923P", "1997A&A...324..725M", "2001Ap&SS.277..181M", "2003A&A...400..769L", "2004JGRA..109.4102M", "2005ApJ...626L.117Z", "2005ApJ...627..540V", "2005JGRA..110.9104M", "2006PhPl...13e5904L", "2007bsw..book.....M", "2008JGRA..113.7107C", "2009JGRA..114.5104S", "2013SoPh..285...25M", "2014ApJ...796....5L", "2016ApJ...829L..16S", "2016SSRv..204....7F", "2017JCoPh.334..349L", "2018JPlPh..84c9005K", "2018JPlPh..84d9003V", "2019ApJ...870L...6T", "2019ApJ...871L..29V", "2019ApJ...883..146I", "2019ApJ...886..136V", "2019ApJ...887..190R", "2019LRSP...16....5V", "2020ApJ...892...88B", "2020ApJ...892...95T", "2020ApJ...893..130M", "2020ApJ...898L..41I", "2020ApJ...900L..25L", "2020ApJ...902..128J", "2020ApJ...903L..23M", "2020ApJS..246...22H", "2020PNAS..117.9232B", "2021A&A...650A...9J", "2021A&A...650A..15H", "2021A&A...656A..31B", "2021ApJ...911L..29C", "2021ApJ...916...16H", "2021ApJ...919...42M", "2021ApJ...921...83B", "2022ApJ...924L..33C", "2022ApJ...930..158L", "2023A&A...672A.135F", "2024A&A...684A.143C", "2024ApJ...964..100C", "2024ApJ...971..177C" ]
32523407
2501.01369
Current constraints on cosmological scenarios with very low reheating temperatures
We present an updated analysis of cosmological models with very low reheating scenarios ($T_\text{RH} \sim \mathcal{O}(\text{MeV})$). Our study includes a more precise computation of neutrino distribution functions, leveraging the latest datasets from cosmological surveys. We perform a joint analysis that combines constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the Cosmic Microwave Background, and galaxy surveys, alongside separate investigations of these datasets, carefully assessing the impact of different choices of priors. At the $95\%$ confidence level, we establish a lower bound on the reheating temperature of $T_\text{RH} &gt; 5.96 \; \text{MeV} $, representing the most stringent constraint to date.
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9.701399
-1.423433
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101369B
[ "cosmological surveys", "neutrino distribution functions", "cosmological models", "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis", "galaxy surveys", "separate investigations", "constraints", "T_\\text{RH", "different choices", "\\text{MeV" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
181
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01369" ]
[ "Barbieri, Nicola", "Brinckmann, Thejs", "Gariazzo, Stefano", "Lattanzi, Massimiliano", "Pastor, Sergio", "Pisanti, Ofelia" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1999PhRvL..82.4168K", "2000PhRvD..62b3506K", "2002PhLB..534....8M", "2004PhRvD..70d3506H", "2004PhRvL..93h1302G", "2005PhRvD..72d3522I", "2007JCAP...05..007I", "2007JHEP...06..002Y", "2008JCAP...10..029G", "2011JCAP...07..034B", "2011JCAP...09..032L", "2011MNRAS.416.3017B", "2013JCAP...02..001A", "2015MNRAS.449..835R", "2015PhRvD..92l3534D", "2016JCAP...07..051D", "2017MNRAS.470.2617A", "2017PhR...711....1A", "2017PhRvD..95d3512G", "2019JCAP...02..056A", "2019JCAP...07..014G", "2019JCAP...12..012H", "2019JCAP...12..047G", "2019PDU....24..260B", "2019arXiv191013970L", "2020A&A...641A...5P", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020A&A...641A...8P", "2020ApJ...901..153D", "2020JCAP...08..012A", "2020JCAP...08..015H", "2020JCAP...12..015F", "2020MNRAS.498.2492G", "2020MNRAS.499..210N", "2020MNRAS.499.5527T", "2021JCAP...04..073B", "2021JHEP...02..071D", "2021MNRAS.500..736B", "2021MNRAS.500.1201H", "2021MNRAS.501.5616D", "2021PhRvD.103h3533A", "2022CoPhC.27108205G", "2022JCAP...02..037A", "2024arXiv240403002D" ]
32523417
2501.01387
A Planet as the Possible Cause of the HD 181327 Debris Disk Asymmetry
The debris disk around HD 181327 shows a significant asymmetry in its surface brightness profile when viewed in visible light. Observations from the Hubble Space Telescope STIS instrument show an arc of approximately 90 degrees of higher optical depth at a distance of 84 au from the star. We find that a 2-5 Jupiter-mass planet on a circular orbit at 62 au can produce and maintain a similar feature if the collisional lifetime of dust in the disk is at least 25 kiloyears, and smaller mass planets can produce similar results on longer timescales. We also find that the surface brightness asymmetry is much less pronounced at larger particle sizes, which may account for the fact that observations of HD181327 at longer wavelengths have not reported such an arc. We predict that if a planet is producing the arc in question, the planet is along the line joining the star to the feature, and make some estimates of its observability.
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9.228698
13.038612
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101387F
[ "smaller mass planets", "larger particle sizes", "similar results", "higher optical depth", "longer wavelengths", "longer timescales", "STIS instrument", "Observations", "observations", "visible light" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
165
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01387" ]
[ "Fox, Chris", "Wiegert, Paul" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1950ApJ...111..134W", "1957lssp.book.....V", "1991AJ....102.1528W", "1997MNRAS.292..896M", "1999ApJ...527..918W", "2001A&A...370..447A", "2006ApJ...650..414S", "2007A&A...472..169T", "2009MNRAS.398.1601F", "2012A&A...539A..17L", "2013ApJ...768...80K", "2013ApJ...773..179W", "2014AJ....148...59S", "2014ApJ...780...65R", "2014ApJ...789...58S", "2016ApJ...818..159T", "2016MNRAS.460.2933M", "2017ApJ...847...24T", "2018A&A...616A...1G", "2018ApJ...857....3T", "2019Icar..317..215J", "2020A&A...642A.179M", "2024A&A...683A..22M" ]
32523441
2501.01413
Post-adiabatic waveform-generation framework for asymmetric precessing binaries
Recent years have seen rapid progress in calculations of gravitational waveforms from asymmetric compact binaries containing spinning secondaries. Here we outline a complete waveform-generation scheme, through first post-adiabatic order (1PA) in gravitational self-force theory, for generic secondary spin and generic (eccentric, precessing) orbital configurations around a generic Kerr primary. We emphasize the utility of a Fermi-Walker frame in parametrizing the secondary spin, and we analyse precession and nutation effects in the spin-orbit dynamics. We also explain convenient gauge choices within the waveform-generation scheme, and the gauge invariance of the resulting waveform. Finally, we highlight that, thanks to recent results due to Grant and Witzany et al., all relevant spin effects at 1PA order can now be computed without evaluating local self-forces or torques.
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8.069137
2.578821
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101413M
[ "gravitational waveforms", "first post-adiabatic order", "asymmetric compact binaries", "convenient gauge choices", "recent results", "nutation effects", "Recent years", "rapid progress", "al.", "secondary" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
131
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01413" ]
[ "Mathews, Josh", "Pound, Adam" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1974RSPTA.277...59D", "1981RSPSA.375..185R", "1983RSPSA.385..431M", "1993JAnSc..41..439S", "1997PhRvD..55.3457M", "2000PhRvD..62f4015B", "2000PhRvD..62l4022O", "2001PhRvD..64f4004H", "2003PhRvD..67h4027M", "2005PhRvL..94v1101H", "2006PThPh.115..873S", "2006PhRvD..73b4027D", "2008CQGra..25t5009G", "2008CoPhC.179..597M", "2008PhRvD..77d4013P", "2008PhRvD..78f4028H", "2009CQGra..26m5002F", "2009GReGr..41.2415B", "2009PThPh.121..843F", "2010PhRvD..81b4017D", "2010PhRvD..81b4023P", "2011LRR....14....7P", "2011PhRvD..83d4037G", "2011PhRvL.107n1101L", "2012CQGra..29e5012H", "2012PhRvD..86h4019P", "2012PhRvL.108m1103L", "2012PhRvL.109e1101P", "2012PhRvL.109g1102F", "2013PhRvD..87h4012W", "2013PhRvD..88l4027L", "2014IJMPD..2330022L", "2014PhRvD..89j4020P", "2015PTEP.2015g3E03S", "2015PhRvD..92h4019W", "2015PhRvD..92j4047P", "2015emrg.book..327H", "2016CQGra..33c5010L", "2016PhRvD..93d4015H", "2016PhRvD..94d4008R", "2016PhRvD..94j4010H", "2016PhRvD..94j4018M", "2017PhRvD..95j3012B", "2017PhRvD..95j4056P", "2017PhRvD..95l4022B", "2017PhRvD..96f4051L", "2017PhRvD..96h4057W", "2017arXiv170200786A", "2018CQGra..35n4003V", "2018PhRvD..97j4033V", "2019BAAS...51g..35R", "2019CQGra..36g5003W", "2019PTEP.2019a3E01I", "2019PhRvD.100h4031A", "2019PhRvD.100h4032L", "2019PhRvD.100j4030W", "2019RPPh...82a6904B", "2020CQGra..37n5007V", "2020PhRvD.101b4037Z", "2020PhRvD.101h1502R", "2020PhRvD.102b4041P", "2020PhRvD.102f4005F", "2020PhRvD.102f4013A", "2020PhRvL.125r1101V", "2021CQGra..38e5004G", "2021NatAs...5..881G", "2021PhRvD.103f4048M", "2021PhRvD.103j4014H", "2021PhRvD.103j4045S", "2021PhRvD.103l4016U", "2021PhRvD.104f4047K", "2021PhRvD.104h4011N", "2021PhRvD.104l4019P", "2021PhRvL.126e1102C", "2021PhRvL.126x1106C", "2021PhRvL.127o1102W", "2022CQGra..39a5019T", "2022CQGra..39n5004L", "2022Natur.610..652H", "2022PhRvD.105h4031M", "2022PhRvD.105h4033S", "2022PhRvD.105j4033M", "2022PhRvD.105l4040D", "2022PhRvD.105l4041D", "2022PhRvD.106d4042H", "2022PhRvD.106d4056O", "2022PhRvD.106f4042N", "2022PhRvD.106f4049N", "2022PhRvD.106h4023D", "2022PhRvD.106h4061A", "2022PhRvD.106l4040R", "2022PhRvL.128w1101I", "2022ScPP...12...12C", "2022ScPP...13...43C", "2022arXiv220304893N", "2022arXiv221003866R", "2022hgwa.bookE..38P", "2023LRR....26....2A", "2023PhRvD.107b4006R", "2023PhRvD.107h4021A", "2023PhRvD.107l4017B", "2023PhRvD.108d4041S", "2023PhRvD.108f4002S", "2023PhRvD.108h4045L", "2023PhRvD.108l4038V", "2023PhRvL.130e1201B", "2023PhRvL.130x1402W", "2023PhRvX..13d1039A", "2023arXiv230508919D", "2023arXiv230712585S", "2023arXiv231101300L", "2024CQGra..41o5011D", "2024CQGra..41v5002L", "2024PhRvD.109d4020N", "2024PhRvD.109f4030D", "2024PhRvD.109h4072L", "2024PhRvD.109h4077M", "2024PhRvD.109j4010M", "2024PhRvD.109j4059S", "2024PhRvD.109l4048B", "2024PhRvD.110b4023J", "2024PhRvD.110d4007B", "2024PhRvD.110d4034A", "2024PhRvD.110f4030S", "2024PhRvD.110h4007B", "2024PhRvD.110h4008M", "2024PhRvD.110h4061S", "2024PhRvD.110l4031K", "2024PhRvL.132q1401W", "2024ScPP...17...56K", "2024arXiv240202670R", "2024arXiv240205049R", "2024arXiv240207571C", "2024arXiv240405811D", "2024arXiv240610343G", "2024arXiv240612510W", "2024arXiv240700366W", "2024arXiv240919665L", "2024arXiv241005769P", "2024arXiv241009160B", "2024arXiv241023950C", "2024arXiv241109742W", "2024arXiv241116855S", "2024arXiv241204249L" ]
32523445
2501.01417
The Bayesian Global Sky Model (B-GSM): Validation of a Data Driven Bayesian Simultaneous Component Separation and Calibration Algorithm for EoR Foreground Modelling
We introduce the Bayesian Global Sky Model (B-GSM), a novel data-driven Bayesian approach to modelling radio foregrounds at frequencies &lt;400~MHz. B-GSM aims to address the limitations of previous models by incorporating robust error quantification and calibration. Using nested sampling, we compute Bayesian evidence and posterior distributions for the spectral behaviour and spatial amplitudes of diffuse emission components. Bayesian model comparison is used to determine the optimal number of emission components and their spectral parametrisation. Posterior sky predictions are conditioned on both diffuse emission and absolute temperature datasets, enabling simultaneous component separation and calibration. B-GSM is validated against a synthetic dataset designed to mimic the partial sky coverage, thermal noise, and calibration uncertainties present in real observations of the diffuse sky at low frequencies. B-GSM correctly identifies a model parametrisation with two emission components featuring curved power-law spectra. The posterior sky predictions agree with the true synthetic sky within statistical uncertainty. We find that the root-mean-square (RMS) residuals between the true and posterior predictions for the sky temperature as a function of LST are significantly reduced, when compared to the uncalibrated dataset. This indicates that B-GSM is able to correctly calibrate its posterior sky prediction to the independent absolute temperature dataset. We find that while the spectral parameters and component amplitudes exhibit some sensitivity to prior assumptions, the posterior sky predictions remain robust across a selection of different priors. This is the first of two papers, and is focused on validation of B-GSMs Bayesian framework, the second paper will present results of deployment on real data and introduce the low-frequency sky model which will be available for public download.
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12.883162
3.047697
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101417C
[ "Posterior sky predictions", "diffuse emission components", "Bayesian model comparison", "emission components", "absolute temperature datasets", "posterior distributions", "component amplitudes", "previous models", "Bayesian evidence", "simultaneous component separation" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
132
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01417" ]
[ "Carter, George", "Handley, Will", "Ashdown, Mark", "Razavi-Ghods, Nima" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2004AIPC..735..395S", "2012RPPh...75h6901P", "2017MNRAS.466.2235M", "2018JOSS....3..849H", "2019JOSS....4.1414H", "2021ApJ...908..145M" ]
32524345
2501.01442
Stellar Physics and General Relativity
The general theory of relativity is currently established as the most precise theory of gravity supported by observations, and its application is diverse ranging from astronomy to cosmology, while its application to astrophysics has been restricted only to compact stars due to the assumption that the Newtonian approximation is sufficient for celestial bodies with medium density such as the sun. Surprisingly, the recent research of the author has implied that this long-held assumption is not valid, and that non-perturbative effects significantly change relevant results obtained by Newtonian gravity. In particular, local physical quantities inside the sun are newly predicted to exhibit power law differently from the so-called standard solar model. This surprising result is reviewed including brief discussion of physics behind the discrepancy and a new application of the new mass formula to gas planets.
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9.845359
1.316543
2024-01-13
0
2025arXiv250101442Y
[ "Newtonian gravity", "non-perturbative effects", "relevant results", "local physical quantities", "power law", "celestial bodies", "brief discussion", "medium density", "compact stars", "Newtonian" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
48
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01442" ]
[ "Yokoyama, Shuichi" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1991sia..book..401C", "1998pfp..book.....C", "2000itss.book.....P", "2003LNP...619...80A" ]
32524359
2501.01452
The Effects of Anthropogenic Air and Light Pollution on Astrophysics and Society
Light and air pollution are the two main forms of pollution, containing the highest concentration in urban areas. I set out to investigate the effects of anthropogenic air and light pollution on the night sky, how this affects the astronomical data-collecting process, and how the general public perceives both forms of pollution. This paper utilizes primary and secondary research, referring to different sources: data collected through my telescope, astrophotography, other scientists' research, and survey responses from over 40 people across 2 areas: Southern California and Guadalajara, Mexico. Through this, I have found strong correlations between increased aerosol particles from air pollutants and increased night sky brightness, increased aerosol particles amplifying cloud formation, which in turn increases light reflection, and a correlation between different areas and what they believe about pollution, with many being misinformed on air and light pollution themselves.
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13.903579
11.207509
2024-01-13
0
2025arXiv250101452N
[ "air pollution", "light pollution", "increased night sky brightness", "different areas", "increased aerosol particles", "anthropogenic air", "air pollutants", "pollution", "light reflection", "urban areas" ]
[ "Physics - Physics and Society", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics" ]
27
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01452" ]
[ "Nunez, Maya" ]
[ "-" ]
null
null
32524367
2501.01461
Distribution of the Högbom CLEAN Algorithm Using Tiled Images with Feedback
Data sizes for next generation radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), are far above that of their predecessors. The CLEAN algorithm was originally developed by Högbom [1974], long before such data sizes were thought possible and is still the most popular tool used for deconvolution in interferometric imaging. In order to facilitate these new large data sizes and reduce computation time a distributed approach to the algorithm has been investigated. The serial nature of the CLEAN algorithm, due to its matching pursuit design, makes this challenging. Splitting the image into a number of tiles which can be individually deconvolved has been investigated, but this creates discontinuities in the deconvolved image and makes it difficult to deconvolve faint sources in the presence of a point spread function associated with bright sources in other tiles. A method of feedback between each of the tiles has been developed to deal with these problems. This new approach has been tested on a simulated dataset containing multiple point sources of known intensity. When compared to a standard Högbom deconvolution the tiled feedback version produced a reconstructed image, containing sources up to 2.1 Jy, which agreed to between -0.1 Jy and +0.04 Jy of the standard method across the whole deconvolved image at a speed up to 10.66 times faster.
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11.1298
3.899207
2024-01-13
0
2025arXiv250101461W
[ "multiple point sources", "such data sizes", "bright sources", "faint sources", "sources", "next generation radio telescopes", "other tiles", "+0.04 Jy", "-0.1 Jy", "tiles" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
8
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01461" ]
[ "Wright, Daniel", "Adámek, Karel", "Armour, Wesley" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32524390
2501.01484
Sequencing Silicates in the IRS Debris Disk Catalog I: Methodology for Unsupervised Clustering
Debris disks, which consist of dust, planetesimals, planets, and gas, offer a unique window into the mineralogical composition of their parent bodies, especially during the critical phase of terrestrial planet formation spanning 10 to a few hundred million years. Observations from the $\textit{Spitzer}$ Space Telescope have unveiled thousands of debris disks, yet systematic studies remain scarce, let alone those with unsupervised clustering techniques. This study introduces $\texttt{CLUES}$ (CLustering UnsupErvised with Sequencer), a novel, non-parametric, fully-interpretable machine-learning spectral analysis tool designed to analyze and classify the spectral data of debris disks. $\texttt{CLUES}$ combines multiple unsupervised clustering methods with multi-scale distance measures to discern new groupings and trends, offering insights into compositional diversity and geophysical processes within these disks. Our analysis allows us to explore a vast parameter space in debris disk mineralogy and also offers broader applications in fields such as protoplanetary disks and solar system objects. This paper details the methodology, implementation, and initial results of $\texttt{CLUES}$, setting the stage for more detailed follow-up studies focusing on debris disk mineralogy and demographics.
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9.22802
13.310374
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101484L
[ "Debris disks", "debris disks", "debris disk mineralogy", "protoplanetary disks", "Debris", "multi-scale distance measures", "multiple unsupervised clustering methods", "terrestrial planet formation", "systematic studies", "unsupervised clustering techniques" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Computer Science - Machine Learning" ]
23
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01484" ]
[ "Lu, Cicero X.", "Mittal, Tushar", "Chen, Christine H.", "Li, Alexis Y.", "Worthen, Kadin", "Sargent, B. A.", "Lisse, Carey M.", "Sloan, G. C.", "Hines, Dean C.", "Watson, Dan M.", "Rebollido, Isabel", "Ren, Bin B.", "Green, Joel D." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1992HiA.....9..737M", "1996ApJ...469..355F", "1998Icar..136..304C", "1999A&AS..136..405H", "2001A&A...378..228F", "2002A&A...391..267C", "2003A&A...399.1101K", "2003JQSRT..79..765J", "2004PASP..116..975H", "2006AJ....131.1837K", "2006GeCoA..70.6201K", "2007ApJ...666..466C", "2007ApJ...671.1784H", "2007Icar..187...69L", "2008ARA&A..46..339W", "2008ApJ...673.1106L", "2009ApJS..180...84W", "2010Icar..208..773M", "2010PASP..122..231L", "2011ApJS..196....8L", "2012A&A...542A..90O", "2012ApJ...747...93L", "2012Natur.490...74D", "2013AREPS..41..529W", "2013Icar..224...43C", "2014ApJS..211...25C", "2014Icar..239....1M", "2015ApJ...798...87M", "2015ApJ...798..125Z", "2015ApJ...810..136G", "2015Icar..254..287M", "2015aste.book..243B", "2016ApJ...821..126Q", "2016ApJ...823..108B", "2016ApJ...826..165W", "2018ARA&A..56..541H", "2020ApJ...894..116L", "2020NatAs...4..328C", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2020SSRv..216...55K", "2021A&A...655A..15Z", "2021ApJ...916...91B", "2021IJSTA..14.7032Q", "2022ApJ...933...54L", "2022GeCoA.328..221H", "2023AREPS..51..671G", "2023Eleme..19..173F", "2023JARS...17d1501K", "2023Natur.616..306Y", "2023RemS...15.2295S" ]
32524393
2501.01485
A Near-IR Search for Helium in the Superluminous Supernova SN 2024ahr
We present a detailed study of SN 2024ahr, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN-I), for which we determine a redshift of $z=0.0861$. SN 2024ahr has a peak absolute magnitude of $M_g\approx M_r\approx -21$ mag, rest-frame rise and decline times (50$\%$ of peak) of about 40 and 80 days, respectively, and typical spectroscopic evolution in the optical band. Similarly, modeling of the UV/optical light curves with a magnetar spin-down engine leads to typical parameters: an initial spin period of $\approx 3.3$ ms, a magnetic field strength of $\approx 6\times 10^{13}$ G, and an ejecta mass of $\approx 9.5$ M$_\odot$. Due to its relatively low redshift we obtained a high signal-to-noise ratio near-IR spectrum about 43 rest-frame days post-peak to search for the presence of helium. We do not detect any significant feature at the location of the He I $\,\lambda 2.058$ $\mu$m feature, and place a conservative upper limit of $\sim 0.05$ M$_\odot$ on the mass of helium in the outer ejecta. We detect broad features of Mg I $\,\lambda 1.575$ $\mu$m and a blend of Co II $\,\lambda 2.126$ $\mu$m and Mg II, $\lambda 2.136$ $\mu$m, which are typical of Type Ic SNe, but with higher velocities. Examining the sample of SLSNe-I with NIR spectroscopy, we find that, unlike SN 2024ahr, these events are generally peculiar. This highlights the need for a large sample of prototypical SLSNe-I with NIR spectroscopy to constrain the fraction of progenitors with helium (Ib-like) and without helium (Ic-like) at the time of the explosion, and hence the evolutionary path(s) leading to the rare outcome of SLSNe-I.
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3.11779
4.456909
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101485K
[ "SN 2024ahr", "typical spectroscopic evolution", "typical parameters", "helium", "SN", "broad features", "2024ahr", "Mg II", "prototypical SLSNe", "\\approx" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
31
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01485" ]
[ "Kumar, Harsh", "Berger, Edo", "Blanchard, Peter K.", "Gomez, Sebastian", "Hiramatsu, Daichi", "Andrews, Moira", "Bostroem, K. Azalee", "Dong, Yize", "Farah, Joseph", "Padilla Gonzalez, Estefania", "Howell, D. Andrew", "McCully, Curtis", "Mehta, Darshana", "Newsome, Megan", "Ravi, Aravind P.", "Terreran, Giacomo" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1979MNRAS.189...95P", "1982PASP...94..715F", "1995PASP..107..375O", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1999ApJ...514..544K", "1999PASP..111...63F", "2001AJ....121.1648M", "2005SSRv..120...95R", "2006A&A...459...85N", "2007ApJ...668L..99Q", "2009ApJ...690.1358B", "2009Natur.462..624G", "2010ApJ...717..245K", "2010ApJ...719L.204W", "2011ApJ...737..103S", "2011ApJ...743..114C", "2011Natur.474..487Q", "2012MNRAS.422...70H", "2012Sci...337..927G", "2012ascl.soft07011S", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013MNRAS.431..912Q", "2013PASP..125.1031B", "2014ApJ...787..138L", "2014MNRAS.438L.101V", "2014MNRAS.440..387K", "2014htu..conf...27B", "2015MNRAS.452.1567C", "2016ApJ...817..141S", "2016ApJ...820L..38S", "2016ApJ...830...13P", "2016ApJ...830...27Z", "2016MNRAS.457L..79N", "2016MNRAS.458.3455M", "2016MNRAS.459.3939V", "2017ApJ...850...55N", "2017ascl.soft10006G", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...854...37S", "2019ARA&A..57..305G", "2019ApJ...882..102G", "2019MNRAS.487.2215A", "2019PASP..131a8002B", "2019PASP..131g5004F", "2019PASP..131h4503P", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020ApJ...897..114B", "2020ApJ...902L...8Y", "2020JOSS....5.2308P", "2020MNRAS.499..730T", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2021A&G....62.5.34N", "2021AJ....161..242F", "2021ApJ...908..150W", "2021MNRAS.500.5142F", "2021TNSAN...7....1S", "2022A&A...666A..30P", "2022ApJ...925..175S", "2022ApJ...935..167A", "2022ApJ...941..107G", "2023A&A...675A..83H", "2023ApJ...943...41C", "2023ApJ...949...23Z", "2023MNRAS.524.3559C", "2023TNSTR2024....1F", "2024A&A...683A.223S", "2024MNRAS.535..471G", "2024TNSCR2024....1W" ]
32524391
2501.01488
Line detections in photospheric radius expansion bursts from 4U 1820-303
Context: NICER (Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR) is the instrument of choice for the spectral analysis of type I X-ray bursts, as it provides high throughput at X-ray CCD resolution, down to 0.3 keV. Aims: This study investigates whether the energies of absorption lines detected in photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts correlate with the inferred blackbody radius. Previous reports suggested such a correlation, attributed to a combination of weaker gravitational redshift and higher blueshifts in bursts with larger radii. Methods: The analysis reexamines four previously studied PRE bursts and examines eight additional bursts from 4U 1820-303, evidencing PRE. Spectral evolution is tracked on the shortest possible timescales (tenth of a second) adopting two parallel continuum descriptions to characterise the photospheric expansion and line evolution. Applying the accretion-enhanced model, maximum blackbody radii of up to $\sim$ 900 km are inferred, with peak bolometric luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit of an Helium accretor. Absorption lines are assessed for significance using Monte Carlo simulations, and spectral lines are characterised using the state-of-art plasma codes available within {\sc{spex}} with a phenomenological continuum. A thorough parameter search explores Doppler shifts to avoid local minima. Results: Several significant (&gt; 99.9%) absorption lines, including the previously reported 2.97 keV line, are detected. While no consistent correlation between line energies and blackbody radii is confirmed, bursts with larger radii exhibit up to four lines and the line strength is higher. The modelling suggests that the observed lines mostly originate from slightly redshifted (almost rest-frame) photo-/collisionally ionised gas in emission. For the burst with the largest PRE, a combination of photo-ionised plasma in both emission and absorption is preferred.
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5.208581
5.913088
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101488B
[ "Absorption lines", "absorption lines", "spectral lines", "line energies", "line evolution", "larger radii", "bursts", "X-ray CCD resolution", "Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR", "Spectral evolution" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
33
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01488" ]
[ "Barra, F.", "Barret, D.", "Pinto, C.", "Di Salvo, T.", "Weinberg, N.", "Guichandut, S." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1969ApJ...156..943T", "1976ApJ...205L.127G", "1979ApJ...228..939C", "1981ApJ...249..422K", "1986ApJ...302..519P", "1986MNRAS.220..339V", "1987A&A...172L..20V", "1987ApJ...312L..17S", "1987ApJ...314..266H", "1996ASPC..101...17A", "1996MNRAS.283..193Z", "1996SPIE.2808...59J", "1996uxsa.conf..411K", "1999MNRAS.309..561Z", "2000ApJ...542.1000B", "2002A&A...382..503K", "2002ApJ...564..941M", "2002ApJ...566.1045S", "2003ApJ...595.1077C", "2004ApJ...602L.105B", "2006ApJ...639.1018W", "2008ApJ...679..587H", "2009M&PSA..72.5154L", "2010A&A...520A..81I", "2010ApJ...719.1807G", "2010ApJ...720L..15B", "2011MNRAS.415.3344K", "2012A&A...539A..32C", "2012A&A...543A.134P", "2012A&A...547A..47I", "2013ApJ...772...94W", "2014A&A...563A.115P", "2016A&A...587A.151K", "2016ApJ...820...28O", "2016Natur.533...64P", "2017A&A...605A..51K", "2017MNRAS.472.3905S", "2017PASA...34...19G", "2018ApJ...856L..37K", "2018ApJ...863...53Y", "2018MNRAS.475.2027V", "2018MNRAS.479.3978K", "2018SSRv..214...15D", "2019ApJ...878L..27S", "2019MNRAS.487.4355V", "2020ApJS..249...32G", "2020MNRAS.491.5702P", "2020MNRAS.492.4646P", "2021ASSL..461..209G", "2021ApJ...914...49G", "2021MNRAS.505.5957B", "2022A&A...658A.169N", "2022MNRAS.509.1736S", "2023MNRAS.523L..15D", "2024A&A...682A..94B", "2024A&A...683A..93Y" ]
32524392
2501.01489
Sub-MHz Radio Background from Ultralight Dark Photon Dark Matter
Dark photons are a well-motivated candidate for dark matter, but their detection becomes challenging for ultralight masses with both experimental and astrophysical probes. In this work, we propose a new approach to explore this regime through the dark inverse Compton scattering of ultralight dark photons with cosmic ray electrons and positrons. We show this process generates a potentially observable background radiation that is most prominent at frequencies below MHz. We compute this effect using the latest cosmic ray models and radio absorption maps. Comparing it to observations of the Milky Way's radio spectrum from Explorer 43, Radio Astronomy Explorer 2, and the Parker Solar Probe, we place leading constraints on the kinetic mixing of dark photon dark matter for masses $\lesssim 2 \times 10^{-17} \ \rm eV$.
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8.375189
-1.678678
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101489A
[ "ultralight dark photons", "dark photon dark matter", "dark matter", "Dark photons", "cosmic ray electrons", "ultralight masses", "Radio Astronomy Explorer", "radio absorption maps", "masses", "leading constraints" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
35
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01489" ]
[ "Acevedo, Javier F.", "Bhoonah, Amit", "Cheng, Kun" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32524396
2501.01490
A Link Between White Dwarf Pulsars and Polars: Multiwavelength Observations of the 9.36-Minute Period Variable Gaia22ayj
White dwarfs (WDs) are the most abundant compact objects, and recent surveys have suggested that over a third of WDs in accreting binaries host a strong (B $\gtrsim$ 1 MG) magnetic field. However, the origin and evolution of WD magnetism remain under debate. Two WD pulsars, AR Sco and J191213.72-441045.1 (J1912), have been found, which are non-accreting binaries hosting rapidly spinning (1.97-min and 5.30-min, respectively) magnetic WDs. The WD in AR Sco is slowing down on a $P/\dot{P}\approx 5.6\times 10^6$ yr timescale. It is believed they will eventually become polars, accreting systems in which a magnetic WD (B $\approx 10-240$ MG) accretes from a Roche lobe-filling donor spinning in sync with the orbit ($\gtrsim 78$ min). Here, we present multiwavelength data and analysis of Gaia22ayj, which outbursted in March 2022. We find that Gaia22ayj is a magnetic accreting WD that is rapidly spinning down ($P/\dot{P} = 6.1^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\times 10^6$ yr) like WD pulsars, but shows clear evidence of accretion, like polars. Strong linear polarization (40%) is detected in Gaia22ayj; such high levels have only been seen in the WD pulsar AR Sco and demonstrate the WD is magnetic. High speed photometry reveals a 9.36-min period accompanying a high amplitude ($\sim 2$ mag) modulation. We associate this with a WD spin or spin-orbit beat period, not an orbital period as was previously suggested. Fast (60-s) optical spectroscopy reveals a broad ``hump'', reminiscent of cyclotron emission in polars, between 4000-8000 Angstrom. We find an X-ray luminosity of $L_X = 2.7_{-0.8}^{+6.2}\times10^{32} \textrm{ erg s}^{-1}$ in the 0.3-8 keV energy range, while two VLA radio campaigns resulted in a non-detection with a $F_r &lt; 15.8\mu\textrm{Jy}$ 3$ \sigma$ upper limit. The shared properties of both WD pulsars and polars suggest that Gaia22ayj is a missing link between the two classes of magnetic WD binaries.
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5.42802
10.702843
2025-01-02
1
2025arXiv250101490R
[ "magnetic WD binaries", "WD pulsars", "WD magnetism", "WD", "non-accreting binaries", "AR Sco", "such high levels", "Gaia22ayj", "High speed photometry", "polars" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
34
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01490" ]
[ "Rodriguez, Antonio C.", "El-Badry, Kareem", "Hakala, Pasi", "Rodríguez-Gil, Pablo", "Bao, Tong", "Galiullin, Ilkham", "Kurlander, Jacob A.", "Law, Casey J.", "Pelisoli, Ingrid", "Schreiber, Matthias R.", "Burdge, Kevin", "Caiazzo, Ilaria", "van Roestel, Jan", "Szkody, Paula", "Drake, Andrew J.", "Buckley, David A. H.", "Potter, Stephen B.", "Gaensicke, Boris", "Mori, Kaya", "Bellm, Eric C.", "Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.", "Prince, Thomas A.", "Graham, Matthew", "Kasliwal, Mansi M.", "Rose, Sam", "Sharma, Yashvi", "Ahumada, Tomás", "Anand, Shreya", "Viitanen, Akke", "Wold, Avery", "Chen, Tracy X.", "Riddle, Reed", "Smith, Roger" ]
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[ "2025arXiv250103315R" ]
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32524399
2501.01491
Gravitational Waves of GUT Phase Transition during Inflation
GUT phase transition during inflation solves the GUT monopole problem on one hand. On the other hand, gravitational waves (GWs) from such a phase transition, if it is first-order, are redshifted and deformed, and might be observed today in GW observatories. We review the formalism of inflated GWs and derive the general deformation function between inflated and uninflated GW spectra in the instant-source application. It is valid for any e-folding number of instant source. Applying the formalism to GUT phase transition, we find that the e-folding number at 15 or 25 can shift the GWs to 10 Hz or mHz hands, respectively, which might be tested in the future ground-based or space-based interferometers. We further generalise the discussion to inflated GWs via phase transition below the GUT scale. It is worth mentioning that, due to the deformation of the spectrum, the peak of inflated GWs is not simply a redshift of the peak of uninflated GWs.
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10.222387
-1.013583
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101491H
[ "GUT phase transition", "phase transition", "inflated GWs", "uninflated GWs", "GWs", "instant source", "GW observatories", "GUT", "inflated and uninflated GW spectra", "gravitational waves" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
33
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01491" ]
[ "Hu, Xi-He", "Zhou, Ye-Ling" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1974NuPhB..79..276T", "1981PhRvD..23..347G", "1982PhLB..108..389L", "1982PhRvL..48.1220A", "1984PhRvL..52..691S", "1992PhRvD..45.4514K", "1992PhRvL..69.2026K", "1993PhRvD..47.4372K", "1994PhRvD..49.2837K", "1995PhRvD..52..559L", "2000JHEP...10..012J", "2001PhRvL..87v1103S", "2003PhRvD..68j3514J", "2006CQGra..23.2435C", "2008JCAP...09..022H", "2009PhRvD..79h3519C", "2009PhRvD..80a5013B", "2012CQGra..29l4013S", "2015aska.confE..37J", "2016CQGra..33c5010L", "2016JCAP...04..001C", "2017CQGra..34d4001A", "2017arXiv170200786A", "2017arXiv171102225G", "2018arXiv180709495R", "2019JCAP...12..027B", "2019JHEP...02..083C", "2019PhRvD..99i5008C", "2020EPJC...80..840M", "2020EPJQT...7....6E", "2020IJMPA..3550075R", "2020JCAP...05..011B", "2020PhLB..80935764B", "2020PhLB..81135914B", "2020PhRvD.102h3528C", "2020PhRvD.102i5025H", "2020PhRvL.124d1804D", "2020arXiv200912381A", "2021ExA....51.1333S", "2021JCAP...11..022M", "2021JCAP...12..006B", "2021JHEP...03..267L", "2021JHEP...10..225K", "2021PhRvL.126b1802K", "2021PhRvL.126x1102A", "2022ChPhC..46j1001A", "2022JHEP...06..050A", "2023ApJ...951L..11A", "2023PhRvD.108i5053A", "2024JCAP...03..006L", "2024JHEP...03..006K", "2024PhRvD.109e5025F", "2024PhRvD.109f1303A", "2024PhRvD.109l1304A" ]
32524401
2501.01493
A 22-Billion Solar Mass Black Hole in Holmberg 15A with Keck KCWI Spectroscopy and Triaxial Orbit Modeling
Holmberg 15A (H15A), the brightest cluster galaxy of Abell 85, has an exceptionally low central surface brightness even among local massive elliptical galaxies with distinct stellar cores, making it exceedingly challenging to obtain high-quality spectroscopy to detect a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center. Aided by the superb sensitivity and efficiency of KCWI at the Keck II Telescope, we have obtained spatially resolved stellar kinematics over a ${\sim}100''\times 100''$ contiguous field of H15A for this purpose. The velocity field exhibits a low amplitude (${\sim}20\mathrm{~km~s}^{-1}$) rotation along a kinematic axis that is prominently misaligned from the photometric major axis, a strong indicator that H15A is triaxially shaped with unequal lengths for the three principal axes. Using 2500 observed kinematic constraints, we perform extensive calculations of stellar orbits with the triaxial Schwarzschild code, TriOS, and search over ${\sim}$40,000 galaxy models to simultaneously determine the mass and intrinsic 3D shape parameters of H15A. We determine a ratio of $p=0.89$ for the middle-to-long principal axes and $q=0.65$ for the short-to-long principal axes. Our best estimate of the SMBH mass, $M_\mathrm{BH}=(2.16^{+0.23}_{-0.18})\times 10^{10}M_{\odot}$, makes H15A -- along with NGC 4889 -- the galaxies hosting the most massive SMBHs known in the local universe. Both SMBHs lie significantly above the mean $M_\mathrm{BH}-\sigma$ scaling relation. Repeating the orbit modeling with the axisymmetrized version of TriOS produces worse fits to the KCWI kinematics and increases $M_\mathrm{BH}$ to $(2.55\pm 0.20) \times 10^{10}M_{\odot}$, which is still significantly below $M_\mathrm{BH}=(4.0\pm 0.8) \times 10^{10}M_{\odot}$ reported in a prior axisymmetric study of H15A.
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14.475232
7.656103
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101493L
[ "local massive elliptical galaxies", "stellar orbits", "distinct stellar cores", "Keck II Telescope", "\\times 10^{10}M_{\\odot}$", "TriOS", "KCWI", "extensive calculations", "unequal lengths", "H15A" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
34
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01493" ]
[ "Liepold, Emily R.", "Ma, Chung-Pei", "Walsh, Jonelle L." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32524407
2501.01495
Search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of General Relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering the single-harmonic and the dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is $6.4\!\times\!10^{-27}$ for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is $8.8\!\times\!10^{-9}$ for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of non-standard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory.
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6.935987
2.556509
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101495T
[ "upper limits", "non-standard polarizations", "neutron stars", "O4a data", "General Relativity", "The lowest upper limit", "O4a", "the emission model", "the single-harmonic emission model", "state" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
105
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01495" ]
[ "The LIGO Scientific Collaboration", "the Virgo Collaboration", "the KAGRA Collaboration", "Abac, A. G.", "Abbott, R.", "Abouelfettouh, I.", "Acernese, F.", "Ackley, K.", "Adhicary, S.", "Adhikari, N.", "Adhikari, R. X.", "Adkins, V. K.", "Agarwal, D.", "Agathos, M.", "Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.", "Aguiar, O. D.", "Aguilar, I.", "Aiello, L.", "Ain, A.", "Ajith, P.", "Akutsu, T.", "Albanesi, S.", "Alfaidi, R. A.", "Al-Jodah, A.", "Alléné, C.", "Allocca, A.", "Al-Shammari, S.", "Altin, P. A.", "Alvarez-Lopez, S.", "Amato, A.", "Amez-Droz, L.", "Amorosi, A.", "Amra, C.", "Ananyeva, A.", "Anderson, S. B.", "Anderson, W. G.", "Andia, M.", "Ando, M.", "Andrade, T.", "Andres, N.", "Andrés-Carcasona, M.", "Andrić, T.", "Anglin, J.", "Ansoldi, S.", "Antelis, J. M.", "Antier, S.", "Aoumi, M.", "Appavuravther, E. Z.", "Appert, S.", "Apple, S. K.", "Arai, K.", "Araya, A.", "Araya, M. C.", "Areeda, J. S.", "Argianas, L.", "Aritomi, N.", "Armato, F.", "Arnaud, N.", "Arogeti, M.", "Aronson, S. M.", "Ashton, G.", "Aso, Y.", "Assiduo, M.", "Assis de Souza Melo, S.", "Aston, S. M.", "Astone, P.", "Attadio, F.", "Aubin, F.", "AultONeal, K.", "Avallone, G.", "Babak, S.", "Badaracco, F.", "Badger, C.", "Bae, S.", "Bagnasco, S.", "Bagui, E.", "Baier, J. G.", "Baiotti, L.", "Bajpai, R.", "Baka, T.", "Ball, M.", "Ballardin, G.", "Ballmer, S. W.", "Banagiri, S.", "Banerjee, B.", "Bankar, D.", "Baral, P.", "Barayoga, J. C.", "Barish, B. C.", "Barker, D.", "Barneo, P.", "Barone, F.", "Barr, B.", "Barsotti, L.", "Barsuglia, M.", "Barta, D.", "Bartoletti, A. M.", "Barton, M. A.", "Bartos, I.", "Basak, S.", "Basalaev, A.", "Bassiri, R.", "Basti, A.", "Bates, D. E.", "Bawaj, M.", "Baxi, P.", "Bayley, J. C.", "Baylor, A. C.", "Baynard, P. A., II", "Bazzan, M.", "Bedakihale, V. M.", "Beirnaert, F.", "Bejger, M.", "Belardinelli, D.", "Bell, A. S.", "Benedetto, V.", "Benoit, W.", "Bentley, J. D.", "Ben Yaala, M.", "Bera, S.", "Berbel, M.", "Bergamin, F.", "Berger, B. 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null
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32524405
2501.01496
ORACLE: A Real-Time, Hierarchical, Deep-Learning Photometric Classifier for the LSST
We present ORACLE, the first hierarchical deep-learning model for real-time, context-aware classification of transient and variable astrophysical phenomena. ORACLE is a recurrent neural network with Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and has been trained using a custom hierarchical cross-entropy loss function to provide high-confidence classifications along an observationally-driven taxonomy with as little as a single photometric observation. Contextual information for each object, including host galaxy photometric redshift, offset, ellipticity and brightness, is concatenated to the light curve embedding and used to make a final prediction. Training on $\sim$0.5M events from the Extended LSST Astronomical Time-Series Classification Challenge, we achieve a top-level (Transient vs Variable) macro-averaged precision of 0.96 using only 1 day of photometric observations after the first detection in addition to contextual information, for each event; this increases to $&gt;$0.99 once 64 days of the light curve has been obtained, and 0.83 at 1024 days after first detection for 19-way classification (including supernova sub-types, active galactic nuclei, variable stars, microlensing events, and kilonovae). We also compare ORACLE with other state-of-the-art classifiers and report comparable performance for the 19-way classification task, in addition to delivering accurate top-level classifications much earlier. The code and model weights used in this work are publicly available at our associated GitHub repository (https://github.com/uiucsn/ELAsTiCC-Classification).
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10.993338
4.54645
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101496S
[ "first detection", "host galaxy photometric redshift", "photometric observations", "microlensing events", "variable stars", "Gated Recurrent Units", "Contextual information", "contextual information", "active galactic nuclei", "first" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence", "Computer Science - Machine Learning" ]
42
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01496" ]
[ "Shah, Ved G.", "Gagliano, Alex", "Malanchev, Konstantin", "Narayan, Gautham", "The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2009PASP..121.1028K", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013ApJ...767...57F", "2013ApJS..207....3S", "2016ApJS..225...31L", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2019AJ....158..257B", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019MNRAS.483....2I", "2019PASP..131g8001G", "2019PASP..131k8002M", "2019arXiv191209393B", "2020MNRAS.491.4277M", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2020arXiv201005941K", "2021AJ....161..107M", "2021AJ....161..141S", "2021AJ....162...67Q", "2021AJ....162..231C", "2021ApJ...908..170G", "2021ApJS..255...24V", "2021arXiv210201792S", "2022A&A...663A..13L", "2022A&A...667A..10K", "2022ApJ...935..167A", "2023A&A...677A..77B", "2023ApJ...954....6G", "2023arXiv230308951A", "2023arXiv230801210S", "2023arXiv231202266V", "2024A&A...689A.289C", "2024A&A...692A.208F", "2024ApJ...972....7R", "2024ApJ...974..172A", "2024ApJ...977..152F", "2024MNRAS.528.1109S", "2024MNRAS.533.2073M", "2024arXiv240314742G" ]
31960341
2501.01497
Maximum force conjecture in curved spacetimes of stable self-gravitating matter configurations
Gibbons and Schiller have raised the physically interesting conjecture that forces in general relativity are bounded from above by the mathematically compact relation <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula>. In the present compact paper we explicitly prove, using the nonlinearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations, that the force function <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>≡</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula> in stable self-gravitating horizonless matter configurations is characterized by the upper bound <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">F</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:math></inline-formula> [here <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math></inline-formula> is the radial pressure inside the self-gravitating matter configuration].
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9.867509
1.192337
2024-01-12
0
2024PhRvD.110j4040H
[ "mi>p</mml", "mi", "math display=\"inline\"><mml", "mi><mml", "mo><mml", "mi mathvariant=\"script\">F</mml", ">p</mml", "inline", "formula><mml", "mo stretchy=\"false\">)</mml" ]
[ "General relativity", "alternative theories of gravity", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
12
[ "10.1103/PhysRevD.110.104040", "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01497" ]
[ "Hod, Shahar" ]
[ "The Ruppin Academic Center, Emeq Hefer 40250, Israel and, The Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 91010, Israel;" ]
null
[ "1983bhwd.book.....S", "1983mtbh.book.....C", "1992MNRAS.259..365B", "1996PhRvD..54.5059M", "2002FoPh...32.1891G", "2005IJTP...44.1629S", "2009PhRvD..80f4004H", "2011PhRvD..84j4024H", "2011PhRvD..84l4030H", "2013PhLB..718.1552H", "2013PhLB..727..345H", "2014PhLB..739..383H", "2015PhLB..751..177H", "2016CQGra..33k4001H", "2016CQGra..33m5009K", "2017PhRvL.119y1102C", "2018PhLB..776....1H", "2018PhLB..785..217O", "2021PhRvD.104l4079S", "2021Univ....7..403J", "2023PhRvL.130f1401C" ]
32524395
2501.01498
TOI-421 b: A Hot Sub-Neptune with a Haze-Free, Low Mean Molecular Weight Atmosphere
Common features of sub-Neptunes atmospheres observed to date include signatures of aerosols at moderate equilibrium temperatures (~500-800 K), and a prevalence of high mean molecular weight atmospheres, perhaps indicating novel classes of planets such as water worlds. Here we present a 0.83-5 micron JWST transmission spectrum of the sub-Neptune TOI-421 b. This planet is unique among previously observed counterparts in its high equilibrium temperature ($T_{eq} \approx 920$) and its Sun-like host star. We find marked differences between the atmosphere of TOI-421 b and those of sub-Neptunes previously characterized with JWST, which all orbit M stars. Specifically, water features in the NIRISS/SOSS bandpass indicate a low mean molecular weight atmosphere consistent with solar metallicity, and no appreciable aerosol coverage. Hints of SO$_2$ and CO (but not CO$_2$ or CH$_4$) also exist in our NIRSpec/G395M observations, but not at sufficient signal-to-noise to draw firm conclusions. Our results support a picture in which sub-Neptunes hotter than ~850 K do not form hydrocarbon hazes due to a lack of methane to photolyze. TOI-421 b additionally fits the paradigm of the radius valley for planets orbiting FGK stars being sculpted by mass loss processes, which would leave behind primordial atmospheres overlying rock/iron interiors. Further observations of TOI-421 b and similar hot sub-Neptunes will confirm whether haze-free atmospheres and low mean molecular weights are universal characteristics of such objects.
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6.833432
14.166222
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101498D
[ "sub-Neptunes atmospheres", "low mean molecular weights", "similar hot sub", "moderate equilibrium temperatures", "TOI-421 b", "a low mean molecular weight atmosphere", "FGK stars", "hydrocarbon hazes", "mass loss processes", "planets" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
43
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01498" ]
[ "Davenport, Brian", "Kempton, Eliza M. -R.", "Nixon, Matthew C.", "Ih, Jegug", "Deming, Drake", "Fu, Guangwei", "May, E. M.", "Bean, Jacob L.", "Gao, Peter", "Rogers, Leslie", "Malik, Matej" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1986PASP...98..609H", "2002Icar..155..393L", "2003ApJ...596L.105K", "2004Icar..169..499L", "2008ConPh..49...71T", "2008MNRAS.384..449F", "2009ARA&A..47..481A", "2009ApJ...699..824O", "2009MNRAS.398.1601F", "2009arXiv0911.0728Z", "2010JQSRT.111.2139R", "2011ApJ...736...19B", "2011ApJ...743..191M", "2011ApJ...743L..16O", "2011MNRAS.413.1828Y", "2012ApJ...745....3M", "2012ApJ...758...36M", "2012JQSRT.113.1276R", "2013ApJ...775...33M", "2013ApJ...775...80F", "2013ApJ...777...34M", "2014A&A...564A.125B", "2014ApJ...783L...6W", "2014ApJ...787..173H", "2014ApJ...792....1L", "2014MNRAS.437.1828B", "2014MNRAS.440.1649Y", "2014Natur.505...69K", "2015A&A...573A..90M", "2015ApJ...801...41R", "2015ApJ...815..110M", "2015PASP..127.1161K", "2016ApJ...820...78L", "2016MNRAS.459.3890U", "2016MNRAS.460.4063A", "2017AJ....153...56M", "2017AJ....154..109F", "2017ApJ...834..151R", "2017ApJ...847...29O", "2018ApJ...853....7K", "2018ApJ...854...21C", "2018MNRAS.480.5314P", "2019AJ....157..206W", "2019ApJ...887L..14B", "2019MNRAS.487...24G", "2019MNRAS.490.2262E", "2019NatAs...3.1086T", "2019PASP..131c4501Z", "2020AJ....159..239G", "2020AJ....160..114C", "2020ApJ...891..111K", "2020ApJ...899...27Z", "2020ApJ...902L..19L", "2020MNRAS.493.3132S", "2020MNRAS.496..269N", "2020NatAs...4..951G", "2021A&A...656A..72B", "2021AJ....162..237I", "2021ApJ...913..114W", "2021JGRE..12606639B", "2021MNRAS.505.3414N", "2022A&A...661A..80J", "2022ApJ...935...73N", "2022ApJ...940L..35F", "2022JOSS....7.4503B", "2022PASP..134j4502R", "2022PSJ.....3..127S", "2022Sci...377.1211L", "2023AJ....165...84M", "2023ApJ...948L..11M", "2023ApJ...951...96G", "2023ApJ...956L..13M", "2023MNRAS.524..377H", "2023MNRAS.524..835R", "2023NatAs...7.1317L", "2023Natur.614..659R", "2023Natur.614..670F", "2023Natur.617..483T", "2023Natur.620...67K", "2023PASP..135i8001D", "2023arXiv231107769B", "2024A&A...683L...2H", "2024A&A...686A.301K", "2024AJ....168...77W", "2024ApJ...961L..23B", "2024ApJ...963L...7W", "2024ApJ...966..156N", "2024ApJ...970L..28N", "2024ApJ...974L..10P", "2024ApJ...974L..33S", "2024ApJ...975...14S", "2024JOSS....9.6898R", "2024arXiv240303325B", "2024arXiv240704685G", "2024arXiv241006804A", "2024arXiv241017169M", "2024arXiv241203411L" ]
32524403
2501.01499
Multi-Tracer Correlated Stacking: A Novel Way to Discover Anisotropy in nano-Hz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
The isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by a population of supermassive black hole binaries (BHBs) provides a unique window into their cosmic evolution. In addition to the isotropic power spectrum, the anisotropic component of the signal carries additional information about the supermassive black holes (BHs) and host galaxy connection. The measurement of this signal is usually carried out by angular power spectra, which is only a sufficient measure for a Gaussian and statistically isotropic distribution. In contrast, the contribution from supermassive BHBs in nano-hertz SGWB will be hosted by fewer massive galaxies, making the nano-hertz background anisotropic and non-Gaussian. As a result, the performance of angular power spectra in extracting the underlying physics is limited. In this work, we propose a novel technique called the Multi-Tracer Correlated Stacking, which enables the detection of anisotropies in the SGWB by stacking the signal from regions of the sky with tracers of BHs such as active galactic nucleus (AGNs), quasars, bright galaxies, etc., that can be mapped up to high redshift. We demonstrate this technique on a simulated supermassive BHBs distribution using an AGN catalog, which maps the underlying matter distribution approximately up to redshift $z=5$. This stacking technique uniquely distinguishes between isotropic and anisotropic distributions of SGWB source, surpassing the capabilities of angular power spectrum-based methods in detecting anisotropic signals. This highlights the effectiveness of this technique in detecting anisotropic SGWB signals and in the future, this technique can play a crucial role in its discovery.
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7.808681
2.009234
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101499S
[ "anisotropic SGWB signals", "anisotropic signals", "angular power spectra", "supermassive BHBs", "nano-hertz SGWB", "supermassive black hole binaries", "fewer massive galaxies", "bright galaxies", "distribution", "host galaxy connection" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology" ]
27
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01499" ]
[ "Sah, Mohit Raj", "Mukherjee, Suvodip" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2001astro.ph..8028P", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2008MNRAS.390..192S", "2009A&A...493.1161S", "2009PhRvD..79h4030A", "2013CQGra..30x4009S", "2015PhRvL.115d1101T", "2015aska.confE..16M", "2016PhRvL.116f1102A", "2017LRR....20....2R", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2019A&ARv..27....5B", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019JOSS....4.1298Z", "2019RPPh...82a6903C", "2021JOSS....6.3021W", "2021MNRAS.503.4413M", "2022ApJ...924...93C", "2022ApJ...940..173P", "2023A&A...678A..50E", "2023ApJ...951L...8A", "2023ApJ...956L...3A", "2023OJAp....6E..49F", "2023RAA....23g5024X", "2023arXiv230616377M", "2024ApJ...965..164G", "2024ApJ...975..265S", "2024MNRAS.529.4295S", "2024MNRAS.533.1568S", "2024PhRvD.109l3544S", "2024arXiv240519406C", "2024arXiv240708705L", "2024arXiv240711669S", "2024arXiv240714460D", "2024arXiv241100532S", "2024arXiv241119692R" ]
32524420
2501.01524
Gravitational Turbulence: the Small-Scale Limit of the Cold-Dark-Matter Power Spectrum
The matter power spectrum, $P(k)$, is one of the fundamental quantities in the study of large-scale structure in cosmology. Here, we study its small-scale asymptotic limit, and show that for cold dark matter in $d$ spatial dimensions, $P(k)$ has a universal $k^{-d}$ asymptotic scaling with the wave-number $k$, for $k \gg k_{\rm nl}$, where $k_{\rm nl}^{-1}$ denotes the length scale at which non-linearities in gravitational interactions become important. We propose a theoretical explanation for this scaling, based on a non-perturbative analysis of the system's phase-space structure. Gravitational collapse is shown to drive a turbulent phase-space flow of the quadratic Casimir invariant, where the linear and non-linear time scales are balanced, and this balance dictates the $k$ dependence of the power spectrum. A parallel is drawn to Batchelor turbulence in hydrodynamics, where large scales mix smaller ones via tidal interactions. The $k^{-d}$ scaling is also derived by expressing $P(k)$ as a phase-space integral in the framework of kinetic field theory, which is analysed by the saddle-point method; the dominant critical points of this integral are precisely those where the time scales are balanced. The coldness of the dark-matter distribution function -- its non-vanishing only on a $d$-dimensional sub-manifold of phase-space -- underpins both approaches. The theory is accompanied by $1\mathrm{D}$ Vlasov--Poisson simulations, which confirm it.
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11.582393
2.322857
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101524G
[ "large scales", "cold dark matter", "kinetic field theory", "gravitational interactions", "smaller ones", "the linear and non-linear time scales", "Gravitational collapse", "large-scale structure", "tidal interactions", "Batchelor turbulence" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Physics - Plasma Physics" ]
55
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01524" ]
[ "Ginat, Yonadav Barry", "Nastac, Michael L.", "Ewart, Robert J.", "Konrad, Sara", "Bartelmann, Matthias", "Schekochihin, Alexander A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1902RSPTA.199....1J", "1941DoSSR..30..301K", "1973lsss.book.....H", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1993astro.ph..7033B", "2000ApJ...543..503M", "2002MNRAS.330..907M", "2002PhRvD..66j3508T", "2003gmbp.book.....H", "2003moco.book.....D", "2004MNRAS.350..939B", "2004MNRAS.353L..23G", "2005PhRvD..71j3520L", "2009PhRvL.103a5003T", "2010mpp..book.....D", "2011JFM...677..134N", "2012JCAP...07..051B", "2012PhyA..391.3680C", "2014MNRAS.439.3630W", "2015JCAP...10..059D", "2016ApJ...830..155T", "2016PhRvD..94b3510K", "2017MNRAS.470.4858T", "2018JPlPh..84a9007A", "2018JSMTE..04.3214F", "2018MNRAS.475..676S", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2019A&A...621A...8H", "2019JCAP...04..001L", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020JCAP...06..033C", "2020JPlPh..86d9003H", "2020MNRAS.491.6077G", "2021JCAP...02..049G", "2021JCAP...06..035K", "2021PhRvD.104d3520I", "2022JPlPh..88e1501S", "2022MNRAS.515.2578K", "2022MNRAS.515.5823K", "2022NCimR..45..737K", "2023OJAp....6E..39A", "2023PDU....4001193C", "2024PhRvE.109f5210N", "2024arXiv240901742E" ]
32524429
2501.01528
An Integral Field Unit for the Binospec Spectrograph
Binospec is a wide-field optical (360 to 1000 nm) spectrograph commissioned at the MMT 6.5m telescope in 2017. In direct imaging mode Binospec addresses twin 8$^\prime$ (wide) by 15$^\prime$ (slit length) fields of view. We describe an optical fiber based integral field unit (IFU) that remaps a 12$^{\prime\prime}$ x 16$^{\prime\prime}$ contiguous region onto two pseudo slits, one in each Binospec channel. The IFU, commissioned in 2023, fits into the space of a standard slit mask frame and can be deployed as desired in a mixed program of slit masks, long slits, and IFU observations. The IFU fibers are illuminated by a hexagonal lenslet array with a 0.6$^{\prime\prime}$ pitch. A separate bundle of sky fibers consists of close-packed bare fibers arranged within an 11.8$^{\prime\prime}$ circular aperture. The 640 IFU fibers and 80 sky fibers have a core diameter of 150$\mu$m, corresponding to 0.90$^{\prime\prime}$. Three gratings are available, 270lpm with R$\sim$2000, 600lpm with R$\sim$5300, and 1000 lpm with R$\sim$6000.
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13.872523
10.190935
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101528F
[ "sky fibers", "slit masks", "integral field unit", "slit length", "IFU observations", "IFU", "fields", "long slits", "Binospec", "direct imaging mode" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
6
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01528" ]
[ "Fabricant, Daniel", "Ben-Ami, Sagi", "Chilingarian, Igor", "Fata, Robert", "Moran, Sean", "Paegert, Martin", "Smith, Matthew", "Zajac, Joseph" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1995AJ....110.1316B", "2000SPIE.4008..510P", "2001sdcm.conf..103A", "2002PASP..114..892A", "2003ASPC..295..489J", "2003MNRAS.342..345C", "2003PASP..115..688K", "2004SPIE.5492..624S", "2004SPIE.5492..767F", "2006SPIE.6269E..0HR", "2007IAUS..241..175C", "2007MNRAS.376.1033C", "2009ApJ...697L.111C", "2010MNRAS.405L..11C", "2015PASP..127..406C", "2018A&A...615A.115K", "2018ApJ...864...93M", "2018AstBu..73..373A", "2019PASP..131g5004F", "2019PASP..131g5005K", "2020PASP..132f4503C", "2021NatAs...5.1308G", "2023A&A...674A.172E", "2023ApJS..266...11B", "2023MNRAS.520.6312A", "2023arXiv231114230R" ]
32524440
2501.01530
SN 2018is: a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova with narrow hydrogen emission lines at early phases
We present a comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic study of the Type IIP SN 2018is. The $V$-band luminosity and the expansion velocity at 50 days post-explosion are $-$15.1$\pm$0.2 mag (corrected for A$_V$=1.34 mag) and 1400 km s$^{-1}$, classifying it as a low-luminosity SN II. The recombination phase in the $V$-band is shorter, lasting around 110 days, and exhibits a steeper decline (1.0 mag per 100 days) compared to most other low-luminosity SNe II. Additionally, the optical and near-infrared spectra display hydrogen emission lines that are strikingly narrow, even for this class. The Fe II and Sc II line velocities are at the lower end of the typical range for low-luminosity SNe II. Semi-analytical modelling of the bolometric light curve suggests an ejecta mass of $\sim$8 M$_\odot$, corresponding to a pre-supernova mass of $\sim$9.5 M$_\odot$, and an explosion energy of $\sim$0.40 $\times$ 10$^{51}$ erg. Hydrodynamical modelling further indicates that the progenitor had a zero-age main sequence mass of 9 M$_\odot$, coupled with a low explosion energy of 0.19 $\times$ 10$^{51}$ erg. The nebular spectrum reveals weak [O I] $\lambda\lambda$6300,6364 lines, consistent with a moderate-mass progenitor, while features typical of Fe core-collapse events, such as He I, [C I], and [Fe I], are indiscernible. However, the redder colours and low ratio of Ni to Fe abundance do not support an electron-capture scenario either. As a low-luminosity SN II with an atypically steep decline during the photospheric phase and remarkably narrow emission lines, SN 2018is contributes to the diversity observed within this population.
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3.04473
4.778231
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101530D
[ "low ratio", "emission lines", "SN II", "Fe abundance", "SN 2018is", "Semi-analytical modelling", "most other low-luminosity SNe II", "Fe", "low-luminosity SNe II", "explosion" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
36
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01530" ]
[ "Dastidar, R.", "Misra, K.", "Valenti, S.", "Sand, D. J.", "Pastorello, A.", "Reguitti, A.", "Pignata, G.", "Benetti, S.", "Bose, S.", "Gangopadhyay, A.", "Singh, M.", "Tomasella, L.", "Andrews, J. E.", "Arcavi, I.", "Ashall, C.", "Bilinski, C.", "Bostroem, K. A.", "Buckley, D. A. H.", "Cannizzaro, G.", "Chomiuk, L.", "Congiu, E.", "Dong, S.", "Dong, Y.", "Elias-Rosa, N.", "Fraser, M.", "Gall, C.", "Gromadzki, M.", "Hiramatsu, D.", "Hosseinzadeh, G.", "Howell, D. A.", "Hsiao, E. Y.", "McCully, C.", "Smith, N.", "Strader, J." ]
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null
[ "1974ApJ...193...27K", "1978ApJ...225.1021W", "1982PASP...94..586O", "1984ApJ...277..791N", "1986SPIE..627..733T", "1987ApJ...322..206N", "1987ApJ...322L..15F", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1988ApJ...335L..53G", "1989ApJ...340..396A", "1989ApJ...343..323F", "1993ASPC...52..173T", "1995ApJS..101..181W", "1995PASP..107..375O", "1997A&A...318..269M", "1997IAUC.6537....1D", "1998ApJ...498L.129T", "1998ApJ...500..525S", "2000PASP..112..925S", "2001ApJ...558..615H", "2001MNRAS.322..361B", "2002PASP..114...35L", "2003ApJ...582..905H", "2003ApJ...591.1220L", "2003MNRAS.338..711Z", "2003MNRAS.338..939E", "2003PASP..115.1289V", "2003SPIE.4841.1463B", "2004ApJ...611.1005G", "2004MNRAS.347...74P", "2004SPIE.5489..679S", "2004SPIE.5492..331C", "2005A&A...439..671D", "2005MNRAS.364L..33M", "2005SSRv..120...95R", "2006A&A...450..345K", "2006A&A...460..769T", "2006MNRAS.370.1752P", "2006SPIE.6267E..0ZB", "2007A&A...461..233U", "2007ApJ...666.1024B", "2007PhR...442..269W", "2008ApJ...688L..91M", "2009AJ....137.4517B", "2009ApJ...695..208W", "2009MNRAS.394.2266P", "2009Sci...324..486M", "2010ASSP...14..211D", "2010ApJ...715..833O", "2011ApJ...736...76R", "2011ApJ...736..159G", "2011ApJ...737..103S", "2011ApJS..197...28P", "2011MNRAS.412.1441L", "2011MNRAS.415L..81P", "2011MNRAS.417.1417F", "2012A&A...546A..28J", "2012MNRAS.420.3451M", "2012MNRAS.426.1465P", "2012PASP..124..668Y", "2013ApJ...767..166G", "2013ApJ...771L..12T", "2013ApJ...779...38P", "2013MNRAS.428.3227D", "2013MNRAS.433.1745D", "2013MNRAS.434.1636T", "2013PASP..125..306F", "2013PASP..125.1031B", "2014A&A...569A..57M", "2014A&A...570A..13M", "2014A&A...571A..77N", "2014Ap&SS.354...89B", "2014ApJ...786...67A", "2014ApJ...797....5Z", "2014MNRAS.438..368T", "2014MNRAS.438.1577M", "2014MNRAS.439.2873S", "2014MNRAS.442..844F", "2015ApJ...807..110J", "2015ApJ...814...63M", "2015MNRAS.450.3137T", "2016AJ....151...33G", "2016AJ....152...50T", "2016ApJ...821...38S", "2016JATIS...2a5002B", "2016MNRAS.459.3939V", "2017ApJ...837..121G", "2017ApJ...850...89G", "2017MNRAS.466...34L", "2018ATel11207....1W", "2018ATel11210....1S", "2018ApJ...853...62T", "2018ApJ...858...15M", "2018ApJ...859...78N", "2018ApJ...861...63H", "2018MNRAS.475..277J", "2018MNRAS.475.1937T", "2018MNRAS.479.2421D", "2018PASP..130f4505T", "2018RNAAS...2..230N", "2019A&A...622L...1O", "2019A&A...628A...7A", "2019ApJ...887....4D", "2019MNRAS.483.1211K", "2019MNRAS.483.5459R", "2019MNRAS.487.3001T", "2019MNRAS.490.2042U", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020A&A...642A.143M", "2020MNRAS.496.3725J", "2020MNRAS.497..361M", "2020PASP..132h5002S", "2021AstL...47..291T", "2021MNRAS.504.1162R", "2021MNRAS.505.1742R", "2021NatAs...5..903H", "2021arXiv210912943C", "2022A&A...660A..41M", "2022MNRAS.513.4983V", "2022MNRAS.514.4173K", "2023ApJ...945..107P", "2023ApJ...950...86G", "2023ApJ...953L..18B", "2024A&A...685A..44D", "2024A&A...692A..26R", "2024ApJ...962...71W", "2024ApJ...964L..16B", "2024ApJ...970..163S", "2024ApJ...971..141M", "2024MNRAS.528.4209M" ]
32524439
2501.01532
Compton Scattering of Thermal Disk Radiation with Black Hole Disk Winds
Galactic black hole (BH) X-ray binaries are known to exhibit episodic outbursts, during which accretion and spectral mode distinctively transition between low/hard and high/soft state. X-ray observations during high/soft state occasionally reveal a pronounced presence of a powerful disk wind in these systems. However, it is unexplored to date how such winds may influence disk emission in that regime. In this work, we consider an observational implication by Compton scattering of thermal disk radiation due to accretion disk winds by performing multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations in the context of a stratified wind of large solid angle launched over a large radial extent of the disk. Compton-scattered thermal disk spectrum is computed for a different wind property; i.e. wind density and its radial gradient. We find that the intrinsic disk radiation can be significantly down-scattered by winds of moderate-to-high density to the extent that the transmitted spectrum can substantially deviate from the conventional multi-color-disk emission by factor of up to 70\%. We thus claim that the conventional treatment of spectral hardening in the disk atmosphere may be insufficient to fully account for the observed disk continuum in the presence of strong wind scattering. It is suggested that the effect of scattering process (by $f_w$) should be incorporated to accurately evaluate an intrinsic disk spectrum besides the conventional hardening (color correction) factor (by $f_c$). We argue that BH spin measurements using thermal continuum-fitting in transient XRBs may well be mildly (if not significantly) altered by such spectral ``contamination".
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6.473922
6.533473
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101532F
[ "accretion disk winds", "thermal disk radiation", "disk emission", "such winds", "winds", "Compton-scattered thermal disk spectrum", "X-ray observations", "spectral hardening", "multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations", "a powerful disk wind" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
12
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01532" ]
[ "Fukumura, Keigo" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1972ApJ...178..347B", "1973A&A....24..337S", "1973blho.conf..343N", "1978Natur.272..706S", "1982MNRAS.199..883B", "1984PASJ...36..741M", "1990ApJ...351..632H", "1993ApJ...419...78S", "1994ApJ...429..139C", "1995ApJ...439...74S", "1995ApJ...439..875H", "1995ApJ...445..780S", "1997ApJ...480..735K", "1997ApJ...489..865E", "2003ARA&A..41..117C", "2004ApJ...609..325U", "2005ApJ...621..372D", "2005ApJS..157..335L", "2006ARA&A..44...49R", "2006ApJ...652..518M", "2007A&ARv..15....1D", "2007ApJ...664...14F", "2008ApJ...679.1413F", "2008ApJ...680.1359M", "2009ApJ...701..865K", "2009ApJ...701L..83S", "2009ApJ...703.1346B", "2010ApJ...715..636F", "2010ApJ...718L.117S", "2010ApJ...723L.228F", "2011A&A...534A..38D", "2012ApJ...759L...6M", "2012MNRAS.422L..11P", "2013MNRAS.430.1694D", "2014SSRv..183..295M", "2015ApJ...805...17F", "2015ApJ...814...87M", "2017NatAs...1E..62F", "2018ApJ...852...35K", "2018ApJ...853...40F", "2018MNRAS.481..947K", "2019ApJ...874...23D", "2019ApJ...886..104T", "2020A&A...640L...3S", "2020MNRAS.498.3302W", "2021ApJ...909..146C", "2021ApJ...912...86F", "2022ApJ...940....6F", "2022NatAs...6.1364G", "2023MNRAS.518.1335C", "2024ApJ...965...66M", "2024ApJ...968...70F", "2024ApJS..274....8Y" ]
32524438
2501.01542
Gravitational Wave Mountains: current-carrying domain walls
Domain wall (DW) networks may have formed in the early universe following the spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry. Notably, several particle physics models predict the existence of current-carrying DWs, which can capture and store particles as zero modes on it. In this study, we demonstrate that gravitational waves (GWs) generated by current-carrying DWs with fermionic zeromodes exhibit a novel feature: an additional peak in the GW spectrum resembling mountains, arising from metastable topological remnants, which we term ``spherons.'' This distinct signature could be detectable in upcoming GW observatories such as LISA and ET. The results suggest that DW networks in beyond Standard Model scenarios could emit GW signals that are significantly stronger and with greater detectability than previously expected.
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9.828019
-1.336579
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101542G
[ "upcoming GW observatories", "GW signals", "GW", "metastable topological remnants", "several particle physics models", "Standard Model scenarios", "resembling mountains", "Standard Model", "gravitational waves", "DW" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
32
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01542" ]
[ "Ghoshal, Anish", "Hamada, Yu" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1992PhLB..288..342K", "1993PhRvD..47.2324P", "1995PhRvD..51.4092M", "1996JPhA...29.5125P", "1996PhRvL..77.4495H", "1998PhRvD..57.7155M", "1999PhRvD..59j2001A", "2000PhR...331..283M", "2000csot.book.....V", "2003hep.th....6111C", "2005PhRvD..72h3506A", "2006CQGra..23.2435C", "2006PhRvD..73f4006K", "2023LRR....26....5A" ]
32524451
2501.01551
Photometry of outer Solar System objects from the Dark Energy Survey II: a joint analysis of trans-Neptunian absolute magnitudes, colors, lightcurves and dynamics
For the 696 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with absolute magnitudes $5.5 &lt; H_r &lt; 8.2$ detected in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we characterize the relationships between their dynamical state and physical properties -- namely $H_r$, indicating size; colors, indicating surface composition; and flux variation semi-amplitude $A$, indicating asphericity and surface inhomogeneity. We seek ``birth'' physical distributions that can recreate these parameters in every dynamical class. We show that the observed colors of these TNOs are consistent with 2 Gaussian distributions in $griz$ space, ``near-IR bright'' (NIRB) and ``near-IR faint'' (NIRF), presumably an inner and outer birth population, respectively. We find a model in which both the NIRB and NIRF $H_r$ and $A$ distributions are independent of current dynamical states, supporting their assignment as birth populations. All objects are consistent with a common rolling $p(H_r)$, but NIRF objects are significantly more variable. Cold classicals (CCs) are purely NIRF, while hot classical (HC), scattered, and detached TNOs are consistent with $\approx70\%$ NIRB, and resonances' NIRB fractions show significant variation. The NIRB component of the HCs and of some resonances have broader inclination distributions than the NIRFs, i.e. their current dynamics retains information about birth location. We find evidence for radial stratification within the birth NIRB population, in that HC NIRBs are on average redder than detached or scattered NIRBs; a similar effect distinguishes CCs from other NIRFs. We estimate total object counts and masses of each class within our $H_r$ range. These results will strongly constrain models of the outer solar system.
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7.708734
16.310234
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101551B
[ "NIRB population", "NIRF objects", "current dynamical states", "birth populations", "NIRB", "broader inclination distributions", "total object counts", "detached TNOs", "birth location", "HC NIRBs" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Physics - Data Analysis", "Statistics and Probability" ]
35
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01551" ]
[ "Bernardinelli, Pedro H.", "Bernstein, Gary M.", "Abbott, T. M. C.", "Aguena, M.", "Allam, S. S.", "Brooks, D.", "Carnero Rosell, A.", "Carretero, J.", "da Costa, L. N.", "Pereira, M. E. S.", "Davis, T. M.", "De Vicente, J.", "Desai, S.", "Diehl, H. T.", "Doel, P.", "Everett, S.", "Flaugher, B.", "Frieman, J.", "García-Bellido, J.", "Gaztanaga, E.", "Gruendl, R. A.", "Gutierrez, G.", "Herner, K.", "Hinton, S. R.", "Hollowood, D. L.", "Honscheid, K.", "James, D. J.", "Kuehn, K.", "Lahav, O.", "Lee, S.", "Marshall, J. L.", "Mena-Fernández, J.", "Miquel, R.", "Myles, J.", "Plazas Malagón, A. A.", "Samuroff, S.", "Sanchez, E.", "Santiago, B.", "Sevilla-Noarbe, I.", "Smith, M.", "Suchyta, E.", "Tarle, G.", "Tucker, D. L.", "Vikram, V.", "Walker, A. R.", "Weaverdyck, N." ]
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null
[ "1916ApJ....43..173R", "1996AJ....112.2310L", "1998Natur.392...49T", "2000Natur.407..979T", "2001A&A...371.1150B", "2001AJ....121.2804B", "2001AJ....122.2099J", "2001Icar..154..277D", "2002ApJ...566L.125T", "2003Icar..161..404G", "2004AJ....128.1364B", "2005AJ....130.1291B", "2005ApJ...620..459Y", "2005P&SS...53.1175L", "2007AJ....134.2160R", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2007CSE.....9c..21P", "2011AJ....142..131P", "2011AnApS...5.1657B", "2012A&A...537A.128R", "2012AJ....144...23G", "2012AREPS..40..467B", "2012ApJ...749...33F", "2012ApJ...750...43D", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013Icar..222..307D", "2014AJ....148...55A", "2014ApJ...782..100F", "2014ApJ...793L...2L", "2015A&A...577A..35P", "2015AJ....150...68N", "2015AJ....150...73N", "2015MNRAS.452..376R", "2015Sci...350.1815S", "2015llvm.confE...1L", "2016AJ....152...23V", "2016AJ....152..111A", "2016AJ....152..133K", "2016AJ....152..210T", "2016ApJ...825...94N", "2017AJ....153..145W", "2017AJ....154..101P", "2017arXiv170102434B", "2018A&C....25..183M", "2018AJ....155...56J", "2018AJ....155..197L", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJS..236...47W", "2019AJ....157...94M", "2019AJ....157..230P", "2019AJ....157..253L", "2019AJ....158...49V", "2019AJ....158...64V", "2019AJ....158..214C", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019ApJS..243...12S", "2019Icar..321..426L", "2019Sci...364.9771S", "2019arXiv191013970L", "2020AJ....159..101B", "2020AJ....159..133K", "2020AJ....160...46N", "2020ApJS..247...32B", "2020NatAs...4...89P", "2020PSJ.....1...28B", "2020tnss.book...25M", "2020tnss.book..153M", "2021ARA&A..59..203G", "2021ApJ...920L..28K", "2021Icar..35614098S", "2022ApJS..258...41B", "2022ApJS..259...54H", "2022PSJ.....3....9B", "2022PSJ.....3..113C", "2022RNAAS...6...46N", "2023ApJ...947L...4P", "2023ApJS..269...18B", "2023MNRAS.521L..29B", "2023MNRAS.522.3298M", "2023PSJ.....4...80F", "2023PSJ.....4..135M", "2023PSJ.....4..145B", "2023PSJ.....4..160M", "2023PSJ.....4..200P", "2023RNAAS...7..143M", "2024AJ....167..132T", "2024AJ....168..269P", "2024PSJ.....5...50N" ]
32524471
2501.01570
Jewel Optics I: non-redundant Fizeau beam combination without the guilt
The enduring technique of aperture masking interferometry, now more than 150 years old, is still widely practised today for it opens a window of high angular resolution astronomy that remains difficult to access by any competing technology. However, the requirement to apodise the pupil into a non-redundant array dramatically limits the throughput, typically to $\sim$10\% or less. This in turn has a dramatic impact on sensitivity, limiting observational reach to only bright science targets. This paper presents "Jewel Optics", a novel technology that leverages the gains in signal fidelity conferred by non-redundant Fizeau beam combination without the sensitivity penalty incurred by traditional aperture masks. Our approach fragments the pupil into several sets of sparse-array non-redundant patterns, each of which is encoded onto a unique phase wedge. After extensive searching, solutions could be found where all individual sets are fully non-redundant while fully tiling the available area of the input pupil. Each pattern is assigned a common phase wedge which diverts light from those sub-apertures onto a unique, defined region of the detector. We demonstrate a prototype designed for use in the VAMPIRES instrument at the Subaru telescope and find excellent agreement between the design and lab results. We discuss a design refinement for producing fully achromatic Jewel Optics, and finally we highlight the potential for future work with these novel optical components.
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14.348633
10.660447
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101570T
[ "non-redundant Fizeau beam combination", "aperture masking interferometry", "Jewel Optics", "sparse-array non-redundant patterns", "traditional aperture masks", "high angular resolution astronomy", "a non-redundant array", "apertures", "several sets", "observational reach" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
25
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01570" ]
[ "Taras, Adam K.", "Piroscia, Grace", "Tuthill, Peter" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1971JOSA...61..272G", "1987Natur.328..694H", "2009ApJ...700..491M", "2012MNRAS.427..806J", "2014OExpr..2218335N", "2015MNRAS.447.2894N", "2021A&A...649A.168D", "2021Optic...8..161R", "2022Natur.610..269H", "2024ApJ...964..113K", "2024PASP..136k4504L", "2024arXiv240413032B" ]
32524475
2501.01578
Microlensing of lensed supernovae Zwicky &amp; iPTF16geu: constraints on the lens galaxy mass slope and dark compact object fraction
To date, only two strongly lensed type Ia supernovae (SNIa) have been discovered with an isolated galaxy acting as the lens: iPTF16geu and SN Zwicky. The observed image fluxes for both lens systems were inconsistent with predictions from a smooth macro lens model. A potential explanation for the anomalous flux ratios is microlensing: additional (de)magnification caused by stars and other compact objects in the lens galaxy. In this work, we combine observations of iPTF16geu and SN Zwicky with simulated microlensing magnification maps, leveraging their standardizable candle properties to constrain the lens galaxy mass slope, $\eta$, and the fraction of dark compact objects, $f_{\rm dc}$. The resulting mass slopes are $\eta = 1.70 \pm 0.07$ for iPTF16geu and $\eta = 1.81 \pm 0.10$ for SN Zwicky. Our results indicate no evidence for a population of dark compact objects, placing upper limits at the $95\%$ confidence level of $f_{\rm dc} &lt; 0.25$ for iPTF16geu and $f_{\rm dc} &lt; 0.47$ for SN Zwicky. Assuming a constant fraction of dark compact objects for both lensed SNe, we obtain $f_{\rm dc} &lt; 0.19$. These results highlight the potential of strongly lensed SNIa to probe the innermost parts of lens galaxies and learn about compact matter.
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11.03309
2.204326
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101578A
[ "dark compact objects", "other compact objects", "lens galaxies", "SN Zwicky", "compact matter", "simulated microlensing magnification maps", "mass slope", "iPTF16geu", "a smooth macro lens model", "lt" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
45
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01578" ]
[ "Arendse, Nikki", "Mörtsell, Edvard", "Weisenbach, Luke", "Hayes, Erin", "Thorp, Stephen", "Dhawan, Suhail", "Goobar, Ariel", "Guerrini, Sacha", "Osman Hjortlund, Jacob", "Johansson, Joel", "Lemon, Cameron" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
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32524479
2501.01581
Millihertz Oscillations Near the Innermost Orbit of a Supermassive Black Hole
Recent discoveries from time-domain surveys are defying our expectations for how matter accretes onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The increased rate of short-timescale, repetitive events around SMBHs, including the newly-discovered quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs), are garnering further interest in stellar-mass companions around SMBHs and the progenitors to mHz frequency gravitational wave events. Here we report the discovery of a highly significant mHz Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) in an actively accreting SMBH, 1ES 1927+654, which underwent a major optical, UV, and X-ray outburst beginning in 2018. The QPO was first detected in 2022 with a roughly 18-minute period, corresponding to coherent motion on scales of less than 10 gravitational radii, much closer to the SMBH than typical QPEs. The period decreased to 7.1 minutes over two years with a decelerating period evolution ($\ddot{P} &gt; 0$). This evolution has never been seen in SMBH QPOs or high-frequency QPOs in stellar mass black holes. Models invoking orbital decay of a stellar-mass companion struggle to explain the period evolution without stable mass transfer to offset angular momentum losses, while the lack of a direct analog to stellar mass black hole QPOs means that many instability models cannot explain all of the observed properties of the QPO in 1ES 1927+654. Future X-ray monitoring will test these models, and if it is a stellar-mass orbiter, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) should detect its low-frequency gravitational wave emission.
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5.679625
6.9663
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101581M
[ "stellar mass black holes", "stellar mass black hole QPOs", "SMBH QPOs", "mHz frequency gravitational wave events", "SMBH", "SMBHs", "supermassive black holes", "Future X-ray monitoring", "stable mass transfer", "many instability models" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
77
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01581" ]
[ "Masterson, Megan", "Kara, Erin", "Panagiotou, Christos", "Alston, William N.", "Chakraborty, Joheen", "Burdge, Kevin", "Ricci, Claudio", "Laha, Sibasish", "Arcavi, Iair", "Arcodia, Riccardo", "Cenko, S. Bradley", "Fabian, Andrew C.", "García, Javier A.", "Giustini, Margherita", "Ingram, Adam", "Kosec, Peter", "Loewenstein, Michael", "Meyer, Eileen T.", "Miniutti, Giovanni", "Pinto, Ciro", "Remillard, Ronald A.", "Sadaula, Dev R.", "Shuvo, Onic I.", "Trakhtenbrot, Benny", "Wang, Jingyi" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2015rdda.book.....A", "2017arXiv170200786A", "2023arXiv231003782S", "2024ApJ...975..140L", "2024arXiv240618061M" ]
32524491
2501.01585
Gravitational Wave Scattering From the Sun and Planets
General relativity predicts that massless waves should scatter from the Riemann curvature of their backgrounds. These scattered waves are sometimes called $\textit{tails}$ and have never been directly observed. Here we calculate the gravitational waves scattered in the backward direction (scattering angle $\vartheta=\pi$) from the weak-field curvature of an extended massive object, finding close agreement with previous results in the long-wavelength limit. These long-wavelength results are then applied to gravitational waves in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) sensitivity band scattering from the Sun and planets. We estimate that scattering from the Sun and the planets from Jupiter to Neptune could contribute a $10^{-3}$ amplitude modulation to LISA observations when these objects almost intersect the line of sight between LISA and the source, leading to forward scattering with $\vartheta\simeq0$. These conditions should be realized for the Sun during the lifetime of LISA if the detection rate of long-duration sources is not much smaller than a thousand per year.
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8.023779
1.958114
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101585K
[ "gravitational waves", "LISA observations", "massless waves", "LISA", "previous results", "Sun", "These scattered waves", "close agreement", "Interferometer Space", "planets" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
31
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01585" ]
[ "Kessler, Daniel A.", "Copi, Craig J.", "Starkman, Glenn D." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1972gcpa.book.....W", "1993CQGra..10.1185S", "2002LRR.....5....3B", "2002PhRvD..65h4001P", "2008CQGra..25i5012G", "2011LRR....14....7P", "2019sgai.book.....C", "2020PhRvD.101j4020C", "2024JCAP...11..031B", "2024arXiv240207571C" ]
32524518
2501.01613
Fire and Ice in the Whirlpool: Spatially Resolved Scaling Relations between X-ray Emitting Hot Gas and Cold Molecular Gas in M51
The cold and hot interstellar medium (ISM) in star forming galaxies resembles the reservoir for star formation and associated heating by stellar winds and explosions during stellar evolution, respectively. We utilize data from deep $Chandra$ observations and archival millimeter surveys to study the interconnection between these two phases and the relation to star formation activities in M51 on kiloparsec scales. A sharp radial decrease is present in the hot gas surface brightness profile within the inner 2 kpc of M51. The ratio between the total infrared luminosity ($L_{\rm IR}$) and the hot gas luminosity ($L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$) shows a positive correlation with the galactic radius in the central region. For the entire galaxy, a twofold correlation is revealed in the $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$${-}$$L_{\rm IR}$ diagram, where $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$ sharply increases with $L_{\rm IR}$ in the center but varies more slowly in the disk. The best fit gives a steep relation of ${\rm log}(L_{\rm 0.5-2\,keV}^{\rm gas} /{\rm erg\,s^{-1}})=1.82\,{\rm log}(L_{\rm IR} /{L_{\rm \odot}})+22.26$ for the center of M51. The similar twofold correlations are also found in the $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$${-}$molecular line luminosity ($L^\prime_{\rm gas}$) relations for the four molecular emission lines CO(1-0), CO(2-1), HCN(1-0), and HCO$^+$(1-0). We demonstrate that the core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are the primary source of energy for heating gas in the galactic center of M51, leading to the observed steep $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$${-}$$L_{\rm IR}$ and $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$${-}$$L^\prime_{\rm gas}$ relations, as their X-ray radiation efficiencies ($\eta$ $\equiv$ $L_{\rm 0.5 - 2\,keV}^{\rm gas}$/$\dot{E}_\mathrm{SN}$) increase with the star formation rate surface densities, where $\dot{E}_\mathrm{SN}$ is the SN mechanical energy input rate.
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12.258538
8.731199
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101613Z
[ "star formation", "heating gas", "L_{\\rm", "star forming galaxies", "formation activities", "archival millimeter surveys", "associated heating", "the star formation rate surface densities", "erg\\,s^{-1}})=1.82\\,{\\rm log}(L_{\\rm IR", "M51" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
19
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01613" ]
[ "Zhang, Chunyi", "Wang, Junfeng", "Cao, Tian-Wen" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1985ApJ...298..259P", "1996A&A...306L..21L", "1996ASPC..101...17A", "1997ApJ...478..144S", "1998ApJ...498..541K", "2000A&A...360...24P", "2001ApJ...556L..91S", "2001ApJ...560..139T", "2002ApJS..138..185F", "2003A&A...399...39R", "2003PASJ...55L...1K", "2003PASP..115..928K", "2004ApJ...606..271G", "2004ApJ...610..213T", "2004ApJS..152...63G", "2005ApJ...628..187G", "2005ApJ...635L.173W", "2007A&A...461..793M", "2007ApJ...660L..93G", "2007ApJ...665.1489K", "2008A&A...477..747B", "2008MNRAS.385L.130N", "2008MNRAS.388...56B", "2009A&A...494...81S", "2009AJ....137.4670L", "2009AJ....138..323T", "2009ApJ...707...74R", "2009ApJ...707.1217J", "2009MNRAS.394.1741O", "2010ApJ...713..524L", "2010ApJ...723.1375R", "2010ApJ...724..687L", "2011ApJ...729...12B", "2011ApJ...737...67M", "2011MNRAS.416L..21W", "2011MNRAS.418.1901B", "2011PASP..123.1218A", "2012A&A...537A.132B", "2012A&A...537A.133D", "2012A&A...539A...8G", "2012ApJS..203....9U", "2012MNRAS.419.2095M", "2012MNRAS.426.1870M", "2013AJ....146...19L", "2013ARA&A..51..207B", "2013ApJ...779...42S", "2013MNRAS.428.2085L", "2013MNRAS.431.1956G", "2013MNRAS.435.3071L", "2014ApJ...784L..31Z", "2015AJ....150..115U", "2015ApJ...799...26M", "2015ApJ...810..140C", "2016A&A...593A.118Q", "2016ApJ...818...42I", "2016ApJ...827...46K", "2016MNRAS.456..710F", "2017ApJ...841...25G", "2017MNRAS.469.1282R", "2018ApJ...860..165T", "2019ApJ...880..127J", "2019cxro.book....7F", "2020ApJ...900...61K", "2020MNRAS.494.1276J", "2020MNRAS.494.5967K", "2021MNRAS.502.1366T", "2021MNRAS.504.3221D", "2021PASJ...73..257Y", "2022ApJ...930..135L", "2023A&A...680L..20S", "2024ApJ...967L..25Z", "2024arXiv240212367K" ]
32524514
2501.01617
Photometric Determination of Unresolved Main-sequence Binaries in the Pleiades: Binary Fraction and Mass Ratio Distribution
Accurate determination of binary fractions ($f_{\rm b}$) and mass ratio ($q$) distributions is crucial for understanding the dynamical evolution of open clusters. We present an improved multiband fitting technique to enhance the analysis of binary properties. This approach enables an accurate photometric determination of $f_{\rm b}$ and $q$ distribution in a cluster. The detectable mass ratio can be down to the $q_{\rm lim}$, limited by the minimum stellar mass in theoretical models. First, we derived an empirical model for magnitudes of Gaia DR3 and 2MASS bands that match the photometry of single stars in the Pleiades. We then performed a multiband fitting for each cluster member, deriving the probability density function (PDF) of its primary mass ($\mathcal{M}_1$) and $q$ in the Bayesian framework. 1154 main-sequence (MS) single stars or unresolved MS+MS binaries are identified as members of the Pleiades. By stacking their PDFs, we conducted a detailed analysis of binary properties of the cluster. We found the $f_{\rm b}$ of this sample is $0.34 \pm 0.02$. The $q$ distribution exhibits a three-segment power-law profile: an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and then another increase. This distribution can be interpreted as a fiducial power-law profile with an exponent of -1.0 that is determined in the range of $0.3 &lt; q &lt; 0.8$, but with a deficiency of binaries at lower $q$ and an excess at higher $q$. The variations of $f_{\rm b}$ and $q$ with $\mathcal{M}_1$ reveal a complex binary distribution within the Pleiades, which might be attributed to a combination of primordial binary formation mechanisms, dynamical interactions, and the observational limit of photometric binaries imposed by $q_{\rm lim} (\mathcal{M}_1)$.
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7.954234
10.653122
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101617L
[ "primordial binary formation mechanisms", "binary properties", "binary fractions", "unresolved MS+MS binaries", "photometric binaries", "single stars", "binaries", "open clusters", "dynamical interactions", "Accurate determination" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
20
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01617" ]
[ "Liu, Rongrong", "Shao, Zhengyi", "Li, Lu" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1944ApJ...100..360S", "1975MNRAS.173..729H", "1982AJ.....87.1507S", "1992A&A...265..513M", "1995MNRAS.272..630S", "1996AcASn..37..377S", "1997A&A...323..139B", "2000MNRAS.314...33B", "2003ARA&A..41...57L", "2003ApJ...594..525M", "2003MNRAS.342.1241P", "2005A&A...429..645S", "2006AJ....131.1163S", "2007MNRAS.380..712L", "2011MNRAS.417.1684M", "2012A&A...540A..16M", "2012MNRAS.427..127B", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013AJ....145....8G", "2013ApJ...779...30G", "2014ApJ...783..134F", "2014MNRAS.444.2525C", "2014MNRAS.445.4287T", "2014Sci...345.1029M", "2015ApJ...805...11G", "2015MNRAS.452.1068C", "2016A&A...595A...1G", "2016IAUFM..29B.144F", "2017ApJS..230...15M", "2018A&A...615A..24W", "2018A&A...616A...4E", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018MNRAS.476..496F", "2019A&A...622A.110F", "2019A&A...628A..66L", "2019A&A...632A.105C", "2019ApJ...871...36M", "2019MNRAS.489.3093S", "2020A&A...633A..99C", "2020AJ....159...11C", "2020ApJ...901...49L", "2020ApJ...901...91T", "2020ApJ...903...93N", "2021A&A...649A...3R", "2021A&C....3600483L", "2021AJ....161..160T", "2021AJ....162..264J", "2021ApJ...921..117T", "2022A&A...668A...4F", "2022AJ....163..113M", "2022ApJ...930...44L", "2023A&A...672A..29C", "2023A&A...673A.114H", "2023A&A...674A...1G", "2023A&A...674A...2D", "2023A&A...674A...3M", "2023A&A...674A..32B", "2023A&A...675A..89D", "2023AJ....165...45M", "2023ASPC..534..275O", "2023MNRAS.525.2315A", "2023MNRAS.525.3181L", "2024AJ....168..156C", "2024ApJ...962...41C" ]
32524596
2501.01698
Cosmological constraints from the Minkowski functionals of the BOSS CMASS galaxy sample
For the first time, we develop a simulation-based model for the Minkowski functionals (MFs) of large-scale structure, which allows us to extract the full information available from the MFs (including both the Gaussian and non-Gaussian part), and apply it to the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample. Our model is based on high-fidelity mock galaxy catalogs constructed from the \textsc{Abacus}\textsc{Summit} simulations using the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework, which include the redshift-space distortions and Alcock-Paczynski distortions, incorporate survey realism, including survey geometry and veto masks, and account for angular plus radial selection effects. The cosmological and HOD parameter dependence of the MFs is captured with a neural network emulator trained from the galaxy mocks with various cosmological and HOD parameters. To benchmark the constraining power of the MFs, we also train an emulator for the galaxy 2-point correlation function (2PCF) using the same pipeline. Having validated our approach through successful parameter recovery tests on both internal and external mocks, including non-HOD forward models of the halo-galaxy connection, we apply our forward model to analyze the CMASS data in the redshift range $0.45&lt;z&lt;0.58$. We find the MFs provide stronger constraints on the cosmological parameters than the 2PCF. The combination of the two gives $\omega_{\rm cdm}=0.1172^{+0.0020}_{-0.0023}$, $\sigma_8=0.783\pm 0.026$, and $n_s=0.966^{+0.019}_{-0.015}$, which are tighter by a factor of 2.0, 1.9, and 1.6 than the 2PCF alone. The derived constraint $f\sigma_8=0.453 \pm 0.016$ is also improved by a factor of 1.9, compared to the 2PCF, and agrees well with Planck 2018 predictions and other results from a series of studies in the literature.
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12.115774
2.56611
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101698L
[ "non-HOD forward models", "non-HOD", "MFs", "successful parameter recovery tests", "non-Gaussian", "HOD", "survey geometry", "stronger constraints", "other results", "survey realism" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
29
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01698" ]
[ "Liu, Wei", "Paillas, Enrique", "Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina", "Valogiannis, Georgios", "Fang, Wenjuan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1986ApJ...306..341G", "1987ApJ...319....1G", "1987ApJ...321....2W", "1988ApJ...328...50M", "1989ApJ...340..625G", "1993ApJ...412...64L", "1994A&A...288..697M", "1994ApJ...420..525V", "1996ApJ...457...13M", "1997ApJ...482L...1S", "1998ASSL..231..185H", "1998MNRAS.297..777C", "2000MNRAS.312..638S", "2002ApJ...570...44H", "2002PASJ...54..707H", "2004ApJ...609...35K", "2004MNRAS.353..189V", "2004astro.ph..8428N", "2005AJ....129.2562B", "2005ApJ...633....1P", "2005ApJ...633...11P", "2006ApJ...647..201C", "2008ApJ...675...16G", "2010ApJ...715..104H", "2010ApJ...715L.185P", "2010ApJ...722..812Z", "2013AJ....145...10D", "2013MNRAS.435..531C", "2013arXiv1308.0847L", "2014ApJ...796...86P", "2014MNRAS.437.2488B", "2014MNRAS.443..241W", "2015MNRAS.450.1836K", "2016MNRAS.456.4156K", "2016MNRAS.457.4340K", "2017ApJ...847...50L", "2017MNRAS.467.3361W", "2018ApJ...863..200A", "2018ascl.soft11008V", "2019ApJ...874...95Z", "2019ApJ...883..203G", "2019ApJ...887..128A", "2019MNRAS.483.2044H", "2019MNRAS.485.1708S", "2019arXiv190906396L", "2020MNRAS.491.1709N", "2020MNRAS.495.4006U", "2021MNRAS.508.4017M", "2021arXiv210801670P", "2022ApJ...928..108A", "2022PhRvD.105j3028J", "2022PhRvD.105j3534V", "2023ApJ...951...70M", "2023JCAP...03..045H", "2023MNRAS.520.3443M", "2023MNRAS.523.5538Z", "2023MNRAS.525.4367H", "2024JCAP...11..061V", "2024MNRAS.531..898P", "2024MNRAS.531.3336C", "2024PhRvD.109h3537J", "2024arXiv240513495E", "2024arXiv240703221F", "2024arXiv241112021D", "2024arXiv241205662L" ]
32524632
2501.01736
Energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays from Phase I data measured using the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory concluded its first phase of data taking after seventeen years of operation. The dataset collected by its surface and fluorescence detectors (FD and SD) provides us with the most precise estimates of the energy spectrum and mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays yet available. We present measurements of the depth of shower maximum, the main quantity used to derive species of primary particles, determined either from the direct observation of longitudinal profiles of showers by the FD, or indirectly through the analysis of signals in the SD stations. The energy spectrum of primaries is also determined from both FD and SD measurements, where the former exhibits lower systematic uncertainty in the energy determination while the latter exploits unprecedentedly large exposure. The data for primaries with energy below 1 EeV are also available thanks to the high-elevation telescopes of FD and the denser array of SD, making measurements possible down to 6 PeV and 60 PeV, respectively.
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6.320419
0.277504
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101736N
[ "ultra-high energy cosmic rays", "energy", "SD measurements", "FD", "measurements", "Pierre Auger Observatory", "primary particles", "shower maximum", "fluorescence detectors", "longitudinal profiles" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
6
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01736" ]
[ "Novotný, Vladimír" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1961NCim...22..800P", "2010PhRvD..81k4028O", "2014PhRvD..90l2005A", "2015PhRvC..92c4906P", "2020PhRvD.102f2005A", "2024PhRvD.109b2002A", "2024PhRvD.109j2001A", "2024PhRvL.132b1001A" ]
32524678
2501.01777
Non-evolutionary effects on period change in Magellanic Cepheids
Classical Cepheids are a cornerstone class of pulsators, fundamental to testing stellar evolution and pulsation theories. Their secular period changes, characterized through $O-C$ (Observed minus Calculated) diagrams, offer valuable insights into their evolution. While evolutionary period changes are well understood from both observational and theoretical perspectives, shorter timescale period changes (on the order of ($\sim$ 10$^{2}$-10$^{4}$ days) - known as non-evolutionary period changes are yet to be systematically explored. In this work, we present a detailed and comprehensive search for non-evolutionary period changes using $O-C$ analysis of Magellanic Cloud (MC) Cepheids, based on 20+ years of OGLE photometry data. Our sample includes both the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) Cepheids, focusing on single radial mode Cepheids (both fundamental (FU) and first overtone (FO) modes). The results are grouped into two phenomena: (a) Cepheids in binary systems (b) Non-linear period changes.
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6.986188
10.109629
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101777R
[ "non-evolutionary period changes", "Non-linear period changes", "evolutionary period changes", "shorter timescale period changes", "single radial mode Cepheids", "Magellanic Cloud", "Classical Cepheids", "Cepheids", "stellar evolution", "Their secular period changes" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
44
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01777" ]
[ "Rathour, R. S.", "Smolec, R.", "Hajdu, G.", "Karczmarek, P.", "Hocdé, V.", "Ziółkowska, O.", "Soszyński, I.", "Udalski, A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1912HarCi.173....1L", "1929MNRAS..90...65E", "1952ApJ...116..211I", "1959AJ.....64..149I", "1983Ap&SS..96..185S", "1992ApJ...384..220E", "1996PASP..108..851S", "2001AcA....51..247P", "2002AcA....52..177P", "2006PASP..118..410T", "2008AcA....58..313P", "2011AcA....61..303K", "2012MNRAS.425.1312D", "2013AJ....146...93E", "2017MNRAS.464.1553D", "2019AcA....69...87S", "2021AcA....71..205P", "2021ApJ...910..118P", "2021ApJ...915...50H", "2022MNRAS.509.2885R", "2024A&A...686A.177A", "2024A&A...686A.263P", "2024A&A...686A.268R" ]
32524689
2501.01782
Chemistry in the Galactic Center
Gas and dust in the Galactic Center are subjected to energetic processing by intense UV radiation fields, widespread shocks, enhanced rates of cosmic-rays and X-rays, and strong magnetic fields. The Giant Molecular Clouds in the Galactic Center present a rich chemistry in a wide variety of chemical compounds, some of which are prebiotic. We have conducted unbiased, ultrasensitive and broadband spectral surveys toward the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud located in the Galactic Center, which have yielded the discovery of new complex organic molecules proposed as precursors of the "building blocks" of life. I will review our current understanding of the chemistry in Galactic Center molecular clouds, and summarize the recent detections toward G+0.693-0.027 of key precursors of prebiotic chemistry. All this suggests that the ISM is an important source of prebiotic material that could have contributed to the process of the origin of life on Earth and elsewhere in the Universe.
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11.850491
9.890424
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101782J
[ "Galactic Center molecular clouds", "Galactic Center", "prebiotic chemistry", "intense UV radiation fields", "prebiotic material", "new complex organic molecules", "key precursors", "strong magnetic fields", "enhanced rates", "widespread shocks" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
32
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01782" ]
[ "Jimenez-Serra, Izaskun" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1974ApJ...187..453F", "1980A&A....87....6G", "1983A&A...125..136G", "1985A&A...142..381G", "1986A&A...155..129W", "1986ApJS...60..819C", "1988A&A...189L...1C", "1991A&ARv...2..167W", "1992Natur.355..125C", "1995ApJ...448..232C", "1996A&A...314..615L", "1996ARA&A..34..207H", "1996ApJ...462L..79C", "1997A&A...322..296C", "1997ApJ...480L..71M", "1997ApJ...482L..45M", "1998ApJS..117..427N", "2000A&A...356..695R", "2000ApJ...540L.107H", "2000ApJS..128..213N", "2001ApJ...550..761L", "2002ApJ...571L..59H", "2002ApJ...576..264R", "2004ApJ...600..214G", "2004ApJ...600..234F", "2004ApJ...610L..21H", "2004ApJS..155..149K", "2006A&A...455..971R", "2006ApJ...642..933H", "2006ApJ...643L..25H", "2006MNRAS.373..411V", "2008A&A...482..179B", "2008A&A...482..549J", "2008ApJ...672..352R", "2008ApJ...675L..85R", "2008ApJ...678..245M", "2008ApJ...682..283G", "2009ARA&A..47..427H", "2009ApJ...702.1615C", "2009Natur.459..239P", "2009OLEB...39..250M", "2010ApJ...719..143T", "2011MNRAS.411.2293J", "2012ApJ...751....1P", "2012MNRAS.419.2961J", "2012MNRAS.425..720S", "2013A&A...556A.137E", "2013A&A...559A..47B", "2013ApJ...768L..34C", "2013ApJ...769L..13G", "2013ApJ...772..105M", "2013JPCA..117.9919G", "2013MNRAS.433..221J", "2014ApJ...786...96G", "2014ApJ...787L..33J", "2014Sci...345.1584B", "2015A&A...584A.102H", "2015ApJ...799...74P", "2015ApJ...810..111V", "2015ApJ...812...76M", "2015NatCh...7..301P", "2016A&A...585A.105L", "2016A&A...586A..50G", "2016A&A...595A.117J", "2016Sci...352.1449M", "2017A&A...603A..89K", "2017A&A...605L...3C", "2017AJ....154...38H", "2017ApJ...837..174O", "2017ApJ...849..115L", "2017ApJ...850...77K", "2017ApJS..232....3W", "2018A&A...612A.102T", "2018A&A...616L...1G", "2018A&A...619A..28L", "2018ApJ...868....7M", "2018MNRAS.475L..30R", "2018MNRAS.478.2962Z", "2019A&A...624A.112A", "2019A&A...628A..10B", "2019ApJ...883...54O", "2019MNRAS.483L.114R", "2019MNRAS.485.2457H", "2019Sci...366...76B", "2020A&A...640A..98B", "2020ApJ...895...57A", "2020ApJ...899L..28R", "2020AsBio..20.1048J", "2020MNRAS.492..556L", "2020MNRAS.497.4896Z", "2020MNRAS.497.5413S", "2021A&A...649A.149P", "2021A&A...651A...9M", "2021A&A...654L...1R", "2021ApJ...909..123M", "2021ApJ...912L...6G", "2021ApJ...912L..11R", "2021ApJ...920L..27Z", "2021ApJ...923..159M", "2021MNRAS.506L..79R", "2022A&A...658A.150G", "2022A&A...663A..41M", "2022A&A...663A.181J", "2022ApJ...929L..11R", "2022AsBio..22..598F", "2022FrASS...9.6870R", "2022FrASS...9.9288R", "2022MNRAS.517.1058H", "2023A&A...669A..93A", "2023A&A...678A..45M", "2023A&A...680A..25F", "2023ApJ...953L..20R", "2023ApJ...954....3S", "2023MNRAS.521.6061M", "2023MNRAS.523.1448Z", "2023NatAs...7..431M", "2024A&A...681A..64K", "2024ApJ...965L..26S", "2024ApJ...967...39S", "2024ApJ...975..174R" ]
32524687
2501.01789
The ESO SupJup Survey IV. Unveiling the carbon isotope ratio of GQ Lup B and its host star
The carbon isotope ratio ($^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C}$) is a potential tracer of giant planet and brown dwarf formation. The GQ Lup system, hosting the K7 T Tauri star GQ Lup A and its substellar companion GQ Lup B, offers a unique opportunity to investigate this ratio in a young system. We aim to characterise the atmosphere of GQ Lup B, determining its temperature, chemical composition, spin, surface gravity, and $^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C}$, while also measuring the same ratio for its host star, GQ Lup A. High-resolution K-band spectra of GQ Lup were obtained using CRIRES+ at the VLT. We modelled the starlight contribution from GQ Lup A and fitted GQ Lup Bś spectrum with atmospheric models from petitRADTRANS. The $^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C}$ ratio for GQ Lup A was derived using isotope-sensitive PHOENIX models. Atmospheric analysis of GQ Lup B revealed abundances of H$_2$O, $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, HF, Na, Ca, and Ti, along with a C/O ratio of $0.50 \pm 0.01$, consistent with the solar value. The carbon isotope ratio was measured as $^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C} = 53^{+7}_{-6}$ for GQ Lup B and $^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C} = 51^{+10}_{-8}$ for GQ Lup A. Strong veiling of the photospheric lines of GQ Lup A was identified and accounted for. The similar $^{12}\mathrm{C}/^{13}\mathrm{C}$ values in GQ Lup A and B suggest a common origin from a shared material reservoir, supporting formation via disc fragmentation or gravitational collapse.
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11.459875
11.213413
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101789G
[ "GQ Lup", "GQ Lup A", "GQ Lup B", "fitted GQ Lup Bś", "GQ Lup A. Strong veiling", "Lup A. Strong", "GQ", "the K7 T Tauri star GQ Lup A", "The GQ Lup system", "GQ Lup A. High-resolution K-band spectra" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
26
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01789" ]
[ "González Picos, D.", "Snellen, I. A. G.", "de Regt, S.", "Landman, R.", "Zhang, Y.", "Gandhi, S.", "Sánchez-López, A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1962AdA&A...1...47H", "1962ApJ...136..690D", "1965PPS....85..227C", "1968pss..book.....C", "1986PASP...98..609H", "1988ApJ...326..509B", "1989ApJS...70..899H", "1993ApJ...408..539L", "1996A&A...309..760P", "1996Icar..124...62P", "1996PASJ...48..489T", "1997Sci...276.1836B", "1999RPPh...62..143W", "2000imas.book.....R", "2001ApJ...548..377B", "2002A&A...382..563B", "2002Sci...298.1756M", "2003Icar..166...46I", "2004SPIE.5490..216P", "2004sipp.book.....H", "2005A&A...434..343A", "2005A&A...435L..13N", "2005A&A...438L..25C", "2005AN....326..925F", "2005AN....326..958G", "2005ApJ...634.1126M", "2006A&A...453..609J", "2007A&A...463..309S", "2007A&A...468.1039B", "2007ApJ...654L.151M", "2007ApJ...656..505M", "2007ApJ...670.1367L", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2008A&A...484..281N", "2008A&A...489.1345V", "2008JQSRT.109.1136I", "2008Sci...322.1348M", "2009A&A...493L..21L", "2009A&A...503..323V", "2009ApJ...696.1600V", "2009ApJ...704.1098L", "2009ApJ...707...24M", "2009ApJ...707...79D", "2009MNRAS.392..413S", "2010AJ....139..626D", "2010JQSRT.111.2139R", "2011ApJ...730...73F", "2011ApJ...731...74B", "2011ApJ...733...65B", "2011ApJ...743L..16O", "2012A&A...540A..85P", "2012ApJ...745....5K", "2012ApJ...745..174S", "2012ApJ...747L..27F", "2012ApJ...749...93L", "2012ApJ...754...57B", "2012MNRAS.425.2948D", "2013A&A...552A.129V", "2013A&A...553A...6H", "2013ApJ...769...73M", "2013ApJ...778..153B", "2013Sci...339.1398K", "2014MNRAS.444.2280G", "2014Natur.509...63S", "2014PNAS..11112661M", "2014prpl.conf..433B", "2015ARA&A..53..279M", "2015ApJ...804L..17T", "2015ApJ...807..183L", "2015ApJS..216...15L", "2015Sci...350...64M", "2016A&A...593A..74S", "2016ApJ...832...41M", "2016ApJS..225...10F", "2016JOSS....1...24F", "2016JQSRT.168..193W", "2017AJ....153...83B", "2017ApJ...835...17M", "2017ApJ...836..223W", "2017MNRAS.466.1363P", "2018A&A...610A..40R", "2018A&A...617A.144H", "2018MNRAS.480.2597P", "2018NatCo...9..908L", "2019A&A...623A..88B", "2019A&A...627A..67M", "2019A&A...627A.127C", "2019A&A...628A.120A", "2019A&A...631A..70J", "2019A&A...631A.155B", "2019AJ....158..200R", "2019ApJ...876..144T", "2019ascl.soft06010C", "2020A&A...635L...1A", "2020A&A...637A..38P", "2020A&A...640A.131M", "2020AJ....160..207W", "2020MNRAS.492..431B", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2021A&A...648A..59P", "2021A&A...652A..72A", "2021A&A...653A.141A", "2021A&A...654L...2L", "2021A&A...656A..76Z", "2021AJ....162..286S", "2021AJ....162..290R", "2021ApJ...922...27K", "2021Msngr.182...22B", "2021Natur.595..370Z", "2021PhR...893....1O", "2022AJ....164...79H", "2022ApJ...932..126Y", "2022ApJ...935..167A", "2022ApJ...940..164C", "2022ApJS..258...31K", "2022MNRAS.516..391L", "2022RNAAS...6..194Z", "2022oasp.book.....G", "2023A&A...670A..90P", "2023A&A...670A.142S", "2023A&A...671A..24D", "2023A&A...672A..93M", "2023A&A...673A..98B", "2023A&A...675A.111A", "2023A&A...676A.123D", "2023AJ....165..113R", "2023AJ....166...85H", "2023AJ....166..198Z", "2023ApJ...944...41I", "2023ApJ...957L..36G", "2023ApJ...959...86L", "2023MNRAS.519.1688D", "2023MNRAS.525.1375W", "2023MNRAS.525.1912C", "2023PASP..135f8001G", "2023RNAAS...7...91C", "2024A&A...682A..48L", "2024A&A...683A.214P", "2024A&A...686A.294C", "2024A&A...688A.116D", "2024A&A...689A.212G", "2024AJ....168..246Z", "2024ApJ...962...10X", "2024ApJ...966L..21C", "2024ApJ...969...41L", "2024ApJ...970...71X" ]
32524730
2501.01824
AT2021aeuk: A Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Event Candidate in a Narrow-line Seyfert 1
A black hole (BH) can tear apart a star that ventures within its tidal radius, producing a luminous flare as the stellar debris falls back, known as a tidal disruption event (TDE). While TDEs in quiescent galaxies are relatively well understood, identifying TDEs in active galactic nuclei (AGN) still remains a significant challenge. We present the discovery of AT2021aeuk, a transient exhibiting dual flares within around three years in a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy. Multi-wavelength observations triggered during the second flare in 2023 revealed an extraordinary X-ray V-shaped light curve, strongly anti-correlated with the optical light curve and accompanied by a lag of $\sim$40 days. This behavior is inconsistent with both supernova and pure AGN origins. In addition, a new broad component emerges in the Balmer lines during the second flare, showing a clear reverberation signal to the continuum variation. We propose that the dual-flare may be linked to a repeating partial TDE (rpTDE), where the second flare results from a collision between the TDE stream and the inner accretion disk, triggering an optical flare while simultaneously partially destroying the X-ray corona. However, other mechanisms, such as a stellar-mass BH (sBH) merger within an accretion disk, could produce similar phenomena, which we cannot entirely rule out. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will be a powerful tool for further investigating the nature of such events in the future.
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7.051123
5.408999
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101824S
[ "dual flares", "pure AGN origins", "such events", "active galactic nuclei", "second", "Multi-wavelength observations", "AGN", "TDE", "the second flare", "quiescent galaxies" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
28
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01824" ]
[ "Sun, Jingbo", "Guo, Hengxiao", "Gu, Minfeng", "Li, Ya-Ping", "Chen, Yongjun", "González-Buitrago, D.", "Wang, Jian-Guo", "Li, Sha-Sha", "Feng, Hai-Cheng", "Xiong, Dingrong", "Wang, Yanan", "Yuan, Qi", "Jin, Jun-Jie", "Zhang, Wenda", "Deng, Hongping", "Zhang, Minghao" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1928ApJ....67....1B", "1973A&A....24..337S", "1981PASP...93....5B", "1985ApJ...297..166O", "1987ApJS...65....1G", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1988Natur.333..523R", "1989AJ.....98.1195K", "1989IAUS..136..543P", "1992ApJS...80..109B", "1994PASP..106..879W", "1995ApJ...450..559B", "1997ARA&A..35..445U", "1997ApJ...489..573L", "1997MNRAS.286..513R", "1998ApJ...501...82P", "1999ApJ...514..180U", "2000AJ....120.1579Y", "2003A&A...397..557B", "2004ApJ...611.1005G", "2005ApJ...630..122G", "2005MNRAS.358.1361I", "2007A&A...469..379E", "2007A&A...470...11K", "2007AJ....134.2236S", "2007ASPC..376..127M", "2009ApJ...696..870D", "2009ApJ...698..198G", "2009MNRAS.397.1177E", "2009MNRAS.400.2070S", "2009PASP..121.1395L", "2010AJ....140.1868W", "2011A&A...525L...8C", "2011ApJ...741...73V", "2011ApJS..194...45S", "2012ApJ...753...30S", "2012ApJ...753..106M", "2012ApJ...758...51J", "2012Natur.485..217G", "2012ascl.soft07011S", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013ARA&A..51..511K", "2013ApJ...767..149B", "2013ApJ...771L..28M", "2013MNRAS.433..421G", "2014A&ARv..22...72U", "2014ApJ...780...44C", "2014ApJ...781...82C", "2014ApJ...792...30M", "2014ascl.soft08004N", "2015A&A...575A..13F", "2015ApJ...804...85S", "2015ApJ...806..164P", "2015ApJ...812L..39D", "2015ApJ...815L...5G", "2015MNRAS.449..771G", "2016ApJ...819L..25A", "2016ApJ...821...56F", "2016ApJ...827....3R", "2016ApJ...828L..14J", "2016MNRAS.455..859S", "2016MNRAS.460..240K", "2016MNRAS.461..948M", "2016arXiv161205560C", "2017ApJ...843..106B", "2017ApJ...843L..19M", "2017MNRAS.465L.114W", "2017MNRAS.469..314K", "2017MNRAS.470.4112G", "2017NatAs...1..865K", "2017NatAs...1E..61T", "2018A&A...614A..87B", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...852...72V", "2018ApJ...854..160R", "2018ApJ...856....6D", "2018ApJ...857...53C", "2018ApJ...859L..20D", "2018ApJS..236....6G", "2018MNRAS.480.5060S", "2018PASJ...70S...4A", "2018PASP..130f4505T", "2018ascl.soft05032S", "2018ascl.soft09008G", "2019A&A...622A.103B", "2019ApJ...872..151M", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019ApJ...881..113C", "2019ApJ...883...31F", "2019ApJ...883...94T", "2019ApJ...883L..17C", "2019ApJ...887..218L", "2019NatAs...3..242T", "2019NatAs...3..387P", "2019PASP..131a8002B", "2020A&A...639A.100K", "2020ARA&A..58..257G", "2020ApJ...898L...1R", "2020ApJ...903...17C", "2020ApJ...904..100R", "2020ApJ...905...52G", "2020JOSS....5.2308P", "2020MNRAS.491..740Y", "2020MNRAS.491.4925G", "2020MNRAS.492..686L", "2020NatCo..11.5876S", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020PASP..132c5001L", "2020PhRvL.124y1102G", "2020SSRv..216..124V", "2021AJ....161..242F", "2021ARA&A..59...21G", "2021ApJ...907L..29H", "2021ApJ...908....4V", "2021ApJ...910..125P", "2021ApJ...920...56F", "2021MNRAS.502L..50S", "2021SSRv..217...16B", "2021SSRv..217...54Z", "2022A&A...659A...1S", "2022A&A...659A..34C", "2022ApJ...925...50R", "2022ApJ...926..142P", "2022ApJ...929L..20C", "2022ApJ...937L..12M", "2022ApJ...937L..28T", "2022ApJ...940...20G", "2022MNRAS.516..529C", "2022PASJ...74..247A", "2023A&A...669A.140P", "2023A&A...670A..93M", "2023A&A...673A..95C", "2023ApJ...942....9H", "2023ApJ...942L..33W", "2023ApJ...948L..23W", "2023ApJ...951..134P", "2023ApJ...953...32M", "2023ApJ...955L...6Y", "2023ApJ...956L..46H", "2023ApJ...957...12R", "2023MNRAS.520.3549M", "2023MNRAS.522.3439C", "2023MNRAS.525.4057H", "2023MNRAS.526.2331C", "2023OJAp....6E..49F", "2023SCPMA..6609512W", "2023arXiv231003782S", "2023arXiv231206771G", "2024A&A...683L..13L", "2024A&A...692A.262S", "2024ApJ...966..136W", "2024ApJ...966..160G", "2024ApJ...969..104F", "2024ApJ...970..116W", "2024ApJ...971L..26L", "2024ApJ...974...80B", "2024ApJ...977...80C", "2024ApJ...977..279B", "2024MNRAS.527.7055P", "2024arXiv240508855H", "2024arXiv240518500K", "2024arXiv240601670L", "2024arXiv240611552W", "2024arXiv240817419V", "2024arXiv241019904G" ]
32524759
2501.01851
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) and its prototype phases
Multi-messenger astronomy is key today to broaden our understanding of the high energy Universe. When an ultra-high energy (UHE) particle interacts in the atmosphere or underground, it initiates an extensive air shower that produces a coherent radio emission in the 50-200 MHz range. The GRAND project is an envisioned observatory of UHE particles (cosmic rays, gamma rays and especially neutrinos) that will consist of 200,000 radio antennas deployed over 20 different locations each of $\sim$ 10,000 $\rm km^2$. In its current phase, it consists of 3 prototypes running autonomously in 3 different locations: GRAND@Auger in Argentina, GRAND@Nançay in France and GRANDProto300 in China, all at commissioning stage. The first goal of these pathfinders is to demonstrate the viability of the GRAND detection concept. GRANDProto300 will also propose a rich science case, by allowing the study of the transition between galactic and extra-galactic cosmic ray sources. In the following, we present the detection concept, the preliminary designs and layout and the ongoing developments of the experiment.
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6.323155
-0.428744
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101851G
[ "extra-galactic cosmic ray sources", "cosmic rays", "UHE particles", "gamma rays", "Multi-messenger astronomy", "UHE", "GRANDProto300", "an ultra-high energy", "layout", "the GRAND detection concept" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Experiment" ]
20
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01851" ]
[ "Guelfand, Marion" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "2002ApJ...570..909F", "2016PhR...620....1H" ]
32524765
2501.01857
A review of long lasting activities of the central engine of gamma-ray bursts
Gamma-ray bursts are known to display various features on top of their canonical behavior. In this short review, we will describe and discuss two of them: the ultra-long gamma-ray bursts, which are defined by an extreme duration of their prompt phase, and the plateau phase, which is defined by a steady phase of large duration at the start of the afterglow. We will review the main properties of those two phenomena, and will discuss their possible origin, in light of the standard fireball model of gamma-ray bursts. A final section will discuss the future missions which could bring new evidences to the study of those objects.
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16.288609
0.973323
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101857G
[ "large duration", "new evidences", "various features", "gamma-ray bursts", "the ultra-long gamma-ray bursts", "Gamma-ray bursts", "light", "top", "the standard fireball model", "their prompt phase" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
21
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01857" ]
[ "Gendre, Bruce" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1973ApJ...182L..85K", "1976PhFl...19.1130B", "1981Ap&SS..80....3M", "1982Ap&SS..84..173M", "1986ApJ...308L..43P", "1986ApJ...308L..47G", "1989Natur.340..126E", "1990ApJ...363..218P", "1990ApJ...365L..55S", "1992AIPC..265...43B", "1992AIPC..265..304D", "1992AIPC..265..399B", "1992MNRAS.258P..41R", "1992Natur.357..472U", "1993ApJ...405..273W", "1993ApJ...413L.101K", "1994ApJS...92..229F", "1995AAS...186.5301K", "1995ApJ...441..747W", "1995ApJ...452..145K", "1995ApJ...453..883V", "1995PhRvL..75..386W", "1997A&AS..122..299B", "1997ApJ...476..232M", "1997ApJ...482L..29M", "1997ApJ...487L...1R", "1997Natur.387..783C", "1997PhRvL..78.2292W", "1998A&A...329..906P", "1998AIPC..428..144H", "1998ApJ...497L..17S", "1998ApJ...503..314P", "1998ApJ...508..314M", "1998MNRAS.298...87D", "1999ApJ...519L..17S", "1999ApJ...525..737R", "1999ApJS..122..465P", "1999PhR...314..575P", "2000A&A...361L..21B", "2000ApJ...541L..51K", "2000ApJ...543...66P", "2001ApJ...552L..35Z", "2001ApJ...560L..49P", "2001ApJ...562L..55F", "2002A&A...390...81A", "2002ApJ...579..699N", "2002MNRAS.332..735H", "2002MNRAS.332..945R", "2003AIPC..662....3R", "2003Natur.423..847H", "2003astro.ph.12347L", "2004ASPC..312...23S", "2004ApJ...611.1005G", "2004ApJ...616..331G", "2004Natur.430..646S", "2005ApJ...630L.113K", "2006A&A...447..897J", "2006A&A...450..887G", "2006A&A...455..813D", "2006ApJ...638..920V", "2006ApJ...642..354Z", "2006ApJ...642..389N", "2006ApJ...651L...5M", "2006RPPh...69.2259M", "2007ApJ...660.1507L", "2007ApJ...662.1093W", "2007ApJ...663..407B", "2007ApJ...665..599T", "2007ApJ...670..565L", "2007ApJ...671.1921F", "2007MNRAS.375L..46L", "2008ApJ...685L..19B", "2009ApJ...702.1171C", "2009ApJ...702.1211R", "2009ApJ...703.1696Z", "2010ApJ...709L.172R", "2010CQGra..27s4002P", "2010MNRAS.402..705L", "2011ApJ...726..107S", "2011ExA....32..193A", "2011MNRAS.411.1843S", "2011MNRAS.411L..16L", "2011MNRAS.414.3537P", "2011Natur.476..421B", "2012ApJ...748...59G", "2012ApJ...754...85N", "2012ApJ...758...27L", "2012MNRAS.420..468P", "2013A&A...557A..12Z", "2013ApJ...766...30G", "2013ApJ...774....2S", "2013ApJ...774..157D", "2013ApJ...776...18F", "2013ApJ...778...54V", "2013ApJ...779...28G", "2013ApJ...779...66S", "2013ApJ...779...73M", "2013MNRAS.430.1061R", "2014ApJ...781...13L", "2014ApJ...787...66Z", "2014ApJ...788...30S", "2014ApJ...790L..15P", "2014ApJ...794....9M", "2014MNRAS.438..240G", "2014MNRAS.443.1779R", "2014MNRAS.444..250E", "2015A&A...579A.126S", "2015ApJ...800...16B", "2015ApJ...801..103G", "2015ApJ...805...89L", "2015ApJ...805..159M", "2015ApJ...812..122C", "2015JHEAp...7...44L", "2015Natur.523..189G", "2016ApJ...825..107G", "2016ApJ...825L..20D", "2016ApJ...829....7L", "2016ApJ...832..161M", "2016ApJ...833..110I", "2016MNRAS.457.2761C", "2016MNRAS.462.1111D", "2016arXiv161006892W", "2017ApJ...837..119A", "2017ApJ...848L..12A", "2017ApJ...848L..13A", "2017ApJ...848L..14G", "2017MNRAS.464.4399D", "2017PhRvD..96d3006S", "2017arXiv170200786A", "2018AAS...23232308P", "2018AdSpR..62..191A", "2018AdSpR..62..662S", "2018ApJ...852...20L", "2018ApJ...859...48P", "2018ApJ...862..155L", "2018ApJ...863...50S", "2018ApJ...869..155S", "2018MNRAS.481.1597G", "2018SPIE10699E..20G", "2019BAAS...51c.319L", "2019FrASS...6...23B", "2019MNRAS.486.2471G", "2019pgrb.book.....Z", "2020ApJ...896..166R", "2020ApJ...905L..26D", "2020ExA....50...91D", "2020PASA...37...47A", "2021ExA....52..245C", "2021JPhG...48f0501A", "2022ApJ...924...69Y", "2022ApJ...928..152L", "2022ApJ...941L..10M", "2022Galax..10...93S", "2022MNRAS.513..951D", "2022MNRAS.513.2777K", "2023A&A...677A..32D", "2023ApJ...946L..26A", "2023ApJ...948...23Z", "2024A&A...686A..56K", "2024ApJ...964..126A", "2024ApJ...976L..20S", "2024MNRAS.530..555M", "2024RAA....24b5017C", "2024arXiv241205087P" ]
32524761
2501.01860
Constraining eV-scale axion-like particle dark matter: insights from the M87 Galaxy
Axion-like particles (ALPs) can account for the observed dark matter (DM) of the Universe and if their masses are at the eV scale, they can decay into infrared, optical and ultraviolet photons with a decay lifetime larger than the age of the Universe. We analyze multi-wavelength data obtained from the central region of Messier 87 (M87) galaxy by several telescopes, such as, Swift, Astrosat, Kanata, Spitzer and International Ultraviolet Explorer in the infrared to ultraviolet frequencies ($\sim 2\times10^{14} \, {\rm Hz} - 3\times10^{15}$ Hz), to constrain the narrow emission lines indicative of the eV scale ALP DM decay. We derive constraints on the ALP coupling to two photons ($g_{a\gamma\gamma}$) for ALP mass range $2 \, {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 20 \, {\rm eV}$, assuming ALPs form the DM in the M87 halo. We find that our bounds on ALP-two-photon coupling can become stronger than the existing ones by an order of magnitude in the ALP mass range $8 \, {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 20 \, {\rm eV}$.
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9.491189
-2.43687
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101860K
[ "ALP DM", "ALP mass range", "\\rm eV}$", "ALP", "\\rm eV}$.", "\\rm", "multi-wavelength data", "ultraviolet frequencies", "International Ultraviolet Explorer", "DM" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
25
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01860" ]
[ "Kar, Arpan", "Roy, Sourov", "Sarkar, Pratick" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1996ApJ...462..563N", "1999PhRvL..83.1719G", "2002ApJ...564..683M", "2005Sci...309..746A", "2006JHEP...06..051S", "2007ApJ...655..781S", "2007PhRvD..75j5018G", "2007prpl.conf..165B", "2008ApJ...689..775T", "2012SPIE.8446E....M" ]
32505926
2501.01862
Glitches and Glitching Clusters in Rotation-powered Pulsars
The study of pulsar glitch phenomena serves as a valuable probe into the dynamic properties of matter under extreme high-density conditions, offering insights into the physics within neutron stars. Providing theoretical explanations for the diverse manifestations observed in different pulsars has proven to be a formidable challenge. By analyzing the distribution of glitch sizes and waiting times, along with the evolution of cumulative glitch sizes over time, we have uncovered a long-term clustering phenomenon for pulsar glitches. This perspective allows us to approach the distinct glitch representations in various pulsars from a unified standpoint, connecting the same periodicity of observational data to the randomness. Without relying on specific physical models, we utilized the coefficient of variation to numerically determine optimal clustering numbers and clustering periods for sample pulsars. Our analysis involving 27 pulsars has revealed a clear linear relationship between the glitch cluster period and characteristic age. Of interest, the cumulative distribution of functions of cluster sizes and interval times have the same patterns, which can be synchronously fitted by Gaussian processes. These results may indicate novel understandings of glitches and the resulting processes.
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5.24354
3.52109
2025-01-02
0
2025ApJ...978...49Z
[ "cumulative glitch sizes", "glitch sizes", "pulsar glitches", "different pulsars", "various pulsars", "sample pulsars", "glitches", "pulsar glitch phenomena", "optimal clustering numbers", "cluster sizes" ]
[ "Neutron stars", "Pulsars", "Astrostatistics", "1108", "1306", "1882", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
22
[ "10.3847/1538-4357/ad93c9", "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01862" ]
[ "Zhu, Pei-Xin", "Zheng, Xiao-Ping" ]
[ "School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China", "Institute of Astrophysics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China" ]
null
[ "1968Natur.219..145P", "1969Natur.221..454G", "1969Natur.222..228R", "1969Natur.222..229R", "1969Natur.223..597R", "1975Natur.256...25A", "1977ApJ...213..527A", "1984ApJ...276..325A", "1984ApJ...278..791A", "1987AuJPh..40..725M", "1988ApJ...330..835C", "1989ApJ...346..823A", "1990PhRvL..64.3103J", "1991ApJ...371..739R", "1993ApJ...409..345A", "1994ApJ...424..846R", "1995A&A...296..169C", "1996Natur.381..497L", "1999PhRvL..83.3362L", "2000MNRAS.315..534L", "2003PhRvL..90i1101A", "2004ARA&A..42..169Y", "2005AJ....129.1993M", "2006ApJ...652.1531M", "2008ApJ...672.1103M", "2011MNRAS.414.1679E", "2012PhRvL.109x1103A", "2013MNRAS.429..688Y", "2013PhRvL.110a1101C", "2014PhRvC..90a5803P", "2015IJMPD..2430008H", "2015PhRvC..91a5804S", "2015SciA....1E0578H", "2016ApJS..223...16L", "2016PhRvD..94b3008D", "2017A&A...608A.131F", "2017ApJ...840...56E", "2017MNRAS.466..147E", "2017MNRAS.469.4183A", "2017MNRAS.470.4307F", "2018ApJ...863..196M", "2018ApJ...867...60H", "2018MNRAS.478.3832S", "2019A&A...630A.115F", "2019MNRAS.482.3736C", "2019MNRAS.483.4742C", "2019RAA....19...89O", "2020ApJ...896...55G", "2020MNRAS.492.4837M", "2020MNRAS.494.3383C", "2021Univ....7...17A", "2022MNRAS.510.4049B", "2022RPPh...85l6901A", "2023ApJ...959..109P", "2023MNRAS.526.2795T", "2024ApJ...968...40G", "2024RAA....24f5028E" ]
32524783
2501.01879
Superstrong magnetic fields in sunspot bipolar light bridges
Recent solar observations of bipolar light bridges (BLBs) in sunspots have, in a few individual cases, revealed magnetic fields up to 8.2 kG, which is at least twice as strong as typical values measured in sunspot umbrae. However, the small number of such observations hinted that such strong fields in these bright photospheric features that separate two opposite-polarity umbrae, are a rare phenomenon. We determine the field strength in a large sample of BLBs with the aim of establishing how prevalent such strong fields are in BLBs. We apply a state-of-the-art inversion technique that accounts for the degradation of the data by the intrinsic point spread function of the telescope, to the so far largest set of spectropolarimetric observations, by Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope spectropolarimeter, of sunspots containing BLBs. We identified 98 individual BLBs within 51 distinct sunspot groups. Since 66.3% of the BLBs were observed multiple times, a total of 630 spectropolarimetric scans of these 98 BLBs were analysed. All analysed BLBs contain magnetic fields stronger than 4.5 kG at unit optical depth. The field strengths decrease faster with height than the fields in umbrae and penumbrae. BLBs display a unique continuum intensity and field strength combination, forming a population well separated from umbrae and the penumbrae. The high brightness of BLBs in spite of their very strong magnetic fields points to the presence of a so far largely unexplored regime of magnetoconvection.
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12.013691
15.879401
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101879C
[ "such strong fields", "magnetic fields", "BLBs", "such observations", "spectropolarimetric observations", "sunspot umbrae", "Recent solar observations", "sunspots", "bipolar light bridges", "points" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Physics - Plasma Physics", "Physics - Space Physics" ]
23
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01879" ]
[ "Castellanos Durán, J. S.", "Korpi-Lagg, A.", "Solanki, S. K.", "van Noort, M.", "Milanovic, N." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1987PhDT.......251S", "1991SoPh..136..133T", "1993A&A...270..494M", "1993Natur.363..426Z", "1993SoPh..144...37Z", "1994A&A...291..622C", "2000A&A...358.1109F", "2003A&A...410..695M", "2003A&ARv..11..153S", "2006SoPh..239...41L", "2007A&A...465..291M", "2007SoPh..243....3K", "2008SoPh..249..167T", "2008SoPh..249..233I", "2010SoPh..262...19S", "2011ASPC..437..219B", "2011ApJ...742L..36P", "2011LRSP....8....4B", "2012A&A...548A...5V", "2013A&A...557A..24V", "2013SoPh..283..601L", "2014A&A...565A..52K", "2014SoPh..289..593P", "2014SoPh..289.1477S", "2015A&A...583A.119T", "2017A&A...607A..36S", "2017ApJ...849L..21Y", "2017RNAAS...1...24S", "2018A&A...611L...4J", "2018A&A...612A.101V", "2018ApJ...852L..16O", "2018RNAAS...2....8W", "2019A&A...631A..99S", "2019ApJ...886L..21T", "2020A&A...633A.157S", "2020ApJ...895..129C", "2020MNRAS.498.2925H", "2021A&A...647A..46S", "2022ApJ...928...41L", "2022ApJ...936...37L", "2022ApJ...936...94S", "2023A&A...669A.144S", "2023ApJ...952..162C", "2023ApJ...955...40L", "2024A&A...687A.218C" ]
32524795
2501.01893
Early steep optical decay linked to reverse shock for GRB200131A
We observed an optical afterglow of GRB 200131A obtaining the first photometric point 63 s after the satellite trigger. This early observation shows a steep decay, suggesting either internal engine activity or a reverse shock. By fitting this data set, we show that the early data fit well as a reverse shock component of the GRB afterglow modeled as a thin shell expanding into a constant density interstellar matter. The fitting also shows a good agreement with a catalogued Milky Way galactic extinction and leaves only little space for further extinction in the host galaxy. By judging several factors we conclude that the most likely redshift of this GRB is 0.9 +/- 0.1.
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16.621021
0.744498
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101893J
[ "GRB 200131A", "further extinction", "several factors", "Milky Way", "GRB", "a catalogued Milky Way galactic extinction", "first", "200131A", "a reverse shock component", "a constant density interstellar matter" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
14
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01893" ]
[ "Jelínek, Martin", "Novotný, Filip", "Klose, Sylvio", "Stecklum, Bringfried", "Maleňáková, Alžběta", "Štrobl, Jan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1999PhR...314..575P", "2004ApJ...616..331G", "2007A&A...472..395C", "2007ApJ...655..391K", "2008MNRAS.391..577A", "2010A&A...519A.102E", "2010arXiv1005.4454J", "2010ascl.soft10036J", "2012Sci...337..932G", "2013NewAR..57..141G", "2014ApJ...789..146U", "2016SPIE.9908E..4US", "2018A&A...616A...1G", "2018ApJ...867..105T", "2019AN....340..633S", "2020ApJS..251....7F", "2020JPhCS1593a2039R", "2023CoSka..53d.127J" ]
32524801
2501.01899
Very high energy cosmic ray particles from the Kerr black hole at the galaxy center
Conventional general relativity supplies the notion of a vacuum tension and thus a maximum force $F_{max}=c^4/4G\approx\ 3\times 10^{43}$ Newtons, that is realized for a black hole. In conjunction with the Wilson area rule, we are thus led to the surface confinement of the mass of a black hole analogous to the surface confinement of quarks. The central result of our paper is that PeV scale protons exist on the surface of a Kerr black hole residing at our galactic center that is in concert with the HAWC Collaboration result of a PeVatron at the galactic center.
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8.715992
2.869912
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101899P
[ "PeV scale protons", "Conventional general relativity", "a Kerr black hole", "PeV", "10^{43}$", "a black hole", "concert", "Kerr", "the HAWC Collaboration result", "the surface confinement" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
32
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01899" ]
[ "Panella, Orlando", "Pacetti, Simone", "Immirzi, Giorgio", "Srivastava, Yogendra N." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1997gr.qc....10076B", "1999magr.meet...92B", "2002FoPh...32.1891G", "2003physics...9118S", "2014arXiv1410.1766W", "2014arXiv1410.6498W", "2015arXiv150107809W", "2015arXiv150107810W", "2016arXiv160203057W", "2022Univ....8..537T", "2022arXiv221110723H", "2023arXiv230108708H" ]
32524811
2501.01902
H$\alpha$-X-ray Surface Brightness Correlation for Filaments in Cooling Flow Clusters
Massive galaxies in cooling flow clusters display clear evidence of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Joint X-ray and radio observations have shown that AGN radio jets push aside the surrounding hot gas and form cavities in the hot intracluster medium (ICM). These systems host complex, kiloparsec-scale, multiphase filamentary structures, from warm ionized (10,000 K) to cold molecular ($&lt;$100 K). These striking clumpy filaments are believed to be a natural outcome of thermally unstable cooling from the hot ICM, likely triggered by feedback processes while contributing to feeding the AGN via Chaotic Cold Accretion (CCA). However, the detailed constraints on the formation mechanism of the filaments are still uncertain, and the connection between the different gas phases has to be fully unveiled. By leveraging a sample of seven X-ray bright cooling-flow clusters, we have discovered a tight positive correlation between the X-ray surface brightness and the H$\alpha$ surface brightness of the filaments over two orders of magnitude, as also found in stripped tails.
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14.197702
5.437845
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101902O
[ "Joint X-ray", "AGN radio jets", "flow clusters", "AGN radio", "multiphase filamentary structures", "feedback processes", "the X-ray surface brightness", "Joint X-ray and radio observations", "AGN", "Chaotic Cold Accretion" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
39
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01902" ]
[ "Olivares, Valeria", "Picquenot, Adrien", "Su, Yuanyuan", "Gaspari, Massimo", "Gendron-Marsolais, Marie-Lou", "Polles, Fiorella L.", "Nulsen, Paul" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1998ApJ...500..525S", "2001AJ....122.2281C", "2001MNRAS.328..762E", "2003A&A...412..657S", "2004ApJ...607..294S", "2007ARA&A..45..117M", "2008A&A...483..793S", "2008ApJ...672..252L", "2008Natur.454..968F", "2011A&A...531A..85S", "2011ApJ...732...40D", "2012ARA&A..50..455F", "2012Natur.488..349M", "2013ApJ...767..153W", "2013ascl.soft04021L", "2014ApJ...789..153L", "2015ApJ...805...35H", "2017ApJ...845...80V", "2018ApJ...854...91L", "2018ApJ...854..167G", "2018ApJ...858...45M", "2018ApJ...865...13T", "2019ApJ...870...57V", "2019MNRAS.483.4984H", "2021A&A...649A..23C", "2021ascl.soft01014G", "2023ApJ...954...56O", "2024A&A...691A.239F" ]
32524813
2501.01907
QCD Phase Diagram and Astrophysical Implications
I make a brief review about the QCD phases and the equation of state inferred from the neutron star data. Along the temperature axis at low baryon density, the QCD phase transition is a smooth crossover, and it is a natural extension of our imagination to postulate a similar crossover along the density axis at low temperature. Even without phase transitions, the inferred thermodynamic properties of neutron star matter turn out to be highly nontrivial already at twice of the nuclear saturation density. I also give some discussions about the substantiation of quark matter by means of the gravitational wave signals including the multi-messenger prospect.
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4.839296
1.805382
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101907F
[ "neutron star matter", "phase transitions", "low baryon density", "quark matter", "QCD", "low temperature", "the QCD phase transition", "means", "the multi-messenger prospect", "the QCD phases" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Nuclear Theory" ]
33
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01907" ]
[ "Fukushima, Kenji" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1996NuPhB.469..419B", "1997NuPhA.624..527K", "2001PhRvL..86..592S", "2002PhR...362..193N", "2006PhRvD..74b5011V", "2008PhRvD..78g1501H", "2012PhLB..718...80A", "2014NuPhA.931..257F", "2014PhRvD..90i4503B", "2019PhRvL.122f1101M", "2020PhRvL.124q1103W", "2021ApJ...913...26D", "2021JHEP...03..273F", "2022PhRvL.129y2702F", "2023PhRvD.108k4506A", "2023PhRvL.130i1404F", "2024PhRvD.109g6006C", "2024PhRvD.110c4035F", "2024arXiv240810298F", "2024arXiv241103781F" ]
32524807
2501.01909
Observations of the Ultraviolet-bright Star III-60 in the Globular Cluster NGC 6723
We have analyzed archival far-ultraviolet spectra of the UV-bright star III-60 in the globular cluster NGC 6723 obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) and the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). We find that the star's photospheric parameters (effective temperature $T_{\rm eff} = 44{,}800 \pm 1200$, surface gravity $\log g = 4.89 \pm 0.18$, and helium abundance $\log N({\rm He})/N({\rm H}) = -0.84 \pm 0.29$) are consistent with the values derived from its optical spectrum, suggesting that optically-derived values are generally accurate for evolved stars with $T_{\rm eff} \lesssim$ 50,000 K. Relative to the cluster's RGB stars, III-60 is enhanced in nitrogen and depleted in carbon and oxygen. The star exhibits strong P Cygni profiles in both components of the N V $\lambda 1240$ doublet, but the resonance lines of other species show no evidence of a stellar wind. The star's effective temperature and luminosity place it on the evolutionary tracks of stars evolving from the blue horizontal branch, but its high mass ($\sim 1.2 \, M_{\odot}$) indicates that it is the product of a stellar merger. Its helium, carbon, and nitrogen abundances suggest that it is following an evolutionary path similar to that of the low-carbon, intermediate helium-rich hot subdwarfs.
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8.562346
9.050603
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101909D
[ "evolved stars", "stars", "helium abundance", "strong P Cygni profiles", "effective temperature", "\\pm", "other species", "N({\\rm He})/N({\\rm H", "\\log g", "P Cygni" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
7
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01909" ]
[ "Dixon, William V." ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1974MNRAS.168..177M", "1979ApJS...40....1K", "1984ApJ...277..355W", "1988CoPhC..52..103H", "1989nrca.book.....P", "1995ApJ...439..875H", "1996ApJ...469..355F", "1998A&A...335..510M", "1999PASP..111...63F", "2000ApJ...538L...1M", "2000ApJ...538L...7S", "2000asqu.book....1C", "2003ApJS..146..417L", "2003ApJS..149..205M", "2007PASP..119..527D", "2009ARA&A..47..481A", "2009ApJ...705..408K", "2010AJ....140.1158T", "2010arXiv1012.3224H", "2011ApJ...733L..42C", "2012ApJ...744...60G", "2012MNRAS.424.2896L", "2012MNRAS.427.2180N", "2013A&A...553A.126G", "2014A&A...571A..11P", "2015A&A...573A..92G", "2015A&A...579A..39L", "2015MNRAS.452.2292C", "2015ads..book.....M", "2016A&A...587A..95R", "2016A&A...588A..25M", "2016A&A...595A...1G", "2016PASP..128h2001H", "2017A&A...600A.130L", "2017AJ....154..126D", "2019A&A...627A..34M", "2019AJ....157..154G", "2019MNRAS.487.5463C", "2021A&A...649A...1G", "2021A&A...649A...3R", "2021MNRAS.505.5957B", "2021MNRAS.505.5978V", "2022yCat.5156....0L", "2023A&A...674A...1G", "2023MNRAS.518.3036G", "2024AJ....167...47D", "2024ApJS..271...21L" ]
32524808
2501.01910
Constraining the Gravitational Wave Speed in the Early Universe via Gravitational Cherenkov Radiation
Scalar particles traveling faster than a subluminal gravitational wave generate gravitons via gravitational Cherenkov radiation. In this paper, we investigate graviton production by the primordial plasma within the framework of modified gravity in the early Universe, generating a relic graviton background. We find that for the minimal model, where only the speed of gravitational waves is modified and a standard model plasma minimally couples to gravity, the relic graviton background can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude, but still agrees with the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) bound in most cases. Moreover, we also find that for Horndeski theories, such as Galileon theory, the relic background produced by the thermalized scalar field can reach significant amplitudes, exceeding the BBN bound for a region of the parameter space. By requiring the relic graviton background to remain consistent with the BBN constraint, we derive limits on the gravitational wave speed at early times in these modified gravity theories.
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10.070656
-0.837311
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101910D
[ "gravitational waves", "gravitational Cherenkov radiation", "graviton production", "modified gravity", "early times", "Galileon theory", "a subluminal gravitational wave generate gravitons", "Horndeski theories", "a relic graviton background", "gravity" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
19
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01910" ]
[ "Delgado, Paola C. M.", "Ganz, Alexander", "Lin, Chunshan", "Thériault, Roxane" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2001JHEP...09..023M", "2013PTEP.2013e3E03G", "2014CQGra..31v5002G", "2015JCAP...07..022G", "2015JCAP...09..007P", "2016JCAP...04..028D", "2016arXiv160501615C", "2017ApJ...842...46H", "2017ApJ...848L..12A", "2017ApJ...848L..13A", "2017PhRvL.119p1101A", "2018CQGra..35p3001C", "2018JCAP...12..025C", "2019RPPh...82h6901K", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020JCAP...03..010F", "2020JHEP...07..092G", "2020PrPNP.11203774G", "2021JCAP...03..054R", "2021LRR....24....4A", "2021PhRvD.103f3531D", "2022ApJ...939L..22V", "2022PhRvD.105k6011B", "2022PhRvL.129d1101D", "2024PhRvD.109b3538G", "2024arXiv240619950D" ]
32524820
2501.01912
Exoplanet Detection via Differentiable Rendering
Direct imaging of exoplanets is crucial for advancing our understanding of planetary systems beyond our solar system, but it faces significant challenges due to the high contrast between host stars and their planets. Wavefront aberrations introduce speckles in the telescope science images, which are patterns of diffracted starlight that can mimic the appearance of planets, complicating the detection of faint exoplanet signals. Traditional post-processing methods, operating primarily in the image intensity domain, do not integrate wavefront sensing data. These data, measured mainly for adaptive optics corrections, have been overlooked as a potential resource for post-processing, partly due to the challenge of the evolving nature of wavefront aberrations. In this paper, we present a differentiable rendering approach that leverages these wavefront sensing data to improve exoplanet detection. Our differentiable renderer models wave-based light propagation through a coronagraphic telescope system, allowing gradient-based optimization to significantly improve starlight subtraction and increase sensitivity to faint exoplanets. Simulation experiments based on the James Webb Space Telescope configuration demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving substantial improvements in contrast and planet detection limits. Our results showcase how the computational advancements enabled by differentiable rendering can revitalize previously underexploited wavefront data, opening new avenues for enhancing exoplanet imaging and characterization.
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14.333587
10.691777
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101912F
[ "wavefront sensing data", "exoplanet detection", "Wavefront aberrations", "wavefront aberrations", "faint exoplanets", "differentiable rendering", "faint exoplanet signals", "exoplanet imaging", "Traditional post-processing methods", "planetary systems" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition", "Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing" ]
81
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01912" ]
[ "Feng, Brandon Y.", "Ferrer-Chávez, Rodrigo", "Levis, Aviad", "Wang, Jason J.", "Bouman, Katherine L.", "Freeman, William T." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1984Sci...226.1421S", "1992Natur.355..145W", "2000PASP..112...91M", "2000PASP..112.1479R", "2005ApJ...633.1191M", "2005PASP..117..745M", "2007ApJ...660..770L", "2010exop.book...27L", "2015ascl.soft06001W", "2023ApJ...951L..20C", "2024AJ....168...51K", "2024SPIE13095E..13D" ]
32524826
2501.01928
Lyman-alpha resonant-line radiative transfer in expanding media
The Lyman-alpha (LyA) line of atomic hydrogen encodes crucial information about both the intrinsic sources and surrounding environments of star-forming regions throughout the Universe. Due to the complexity of resonant scattering, analytic solutions remain scarce, with most studies focusing on idealized, static configurations. However, observations of LyA emitting galaxies consistently reveal signatures of outflows, imprinted through red-peak dominance in spectral line profiles. In this paper, we derive novel analytic solutions for resonant-line radiative transfer in moving media, specifically homologous-like cloud expansion and unbounded cosmological flows, which capture the main physics of velocity gradients. To validate these analytic solutions and identify regimes where diffusion-based assumptions hold, we introduce a robust Gridless Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer (GMCRT) method. By integrating optical depths exactly in the comoving frame, GMCRT updates photon frequencies continuously to account for Doppler shifts induced by velocity gradients. We demonstrate excellent consistency between GMCRT and our analytic solutions in regimes where diffusion approximations apply. At higher velocities or lower optical depths, discrepancies highlight the limitations of simplified formalisms. We also provide scaling relations for a point source in a cloud with a maximum-to-thermal velocity ratio beta = V_max / v_th, as modifying the standard dependence on line centre optical depth of (atau_0)^1/3 by additional factors, e.g. characteristic escape frequency scale as x_esc ~ beta^1/3, force multipliers as M_F ~ beta^-1/3, and trapping time as t_trap ~ beta^-2/3. Our work complements numerical simulations by improving physical intuition about nonstatic environments when interpreting LyA observations and guiding future subgrid prescriptions in galaxy formation models.
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13.602402
6.433919
2025-01-02
1
2025arXiv250101928S
[ "line centre optical depth", "analytic solutions", "novel analytic solutions", "optical depths", "lower optical depths", "spectral line profiles", "velocity gradients", "higher velocities", "nonstatic environments", "Gridless Monte Carlo Radiative" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
22
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01928" ]
[ "Smith, Aaron", "Lorinc, Kevin", "Nebrin, Olof", "Lao, Bing-Xin" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "2024arXiv240919288N" ]
[ "1945ApJ...102..402C", "1952PASJ....4..100U", "1959ApJ...129..551F", "1962ApJ...135..195O", "1962MNRAS.125...21H", "1967ApJ...147..868P", "1972ApJ...174..439A", "1973ApJ...184..461G", "1973MNRAS.162...43H", "1975ApJ...201..350A", "1979ApJ...233..649B", "1979rpa..book.....R", "1981Ap.....17...69B", "1986ApJ...310..284P", "1988ApJ...331L..87N", "1990ApJ...350..216N", "1990MNRAS.244..738B", "1994ApJ...427..603R", "1999ApJ...524..527L", "2001ApJ...546..635O", "2001JQSRT..71...61M", "2002ApJ...567..922A", "2002ApJ...569..558O", "2002ApJ...578...33Z", "2004rahy.book.....C", "2006A&A...460..397V", "2006ApJ...645..792T", "2006ApJ...647..709R", "2006ApJ...648..762T", "2006ApJ...649...14D", "2006MNRAS.367..979H", "2007A&A...474..365S", "2009ApJ...696..853L", "2012MNRAS.424..884Y", "2012MNRAS.426.2380H", "2013ApJ...766..124L", "2014A&A...563A..77B", "2014ApJ...794..116Z", "2014ApJ...795..120G", "2014PASA...31...40D", "2015ApJ...812..123G", "2015MNRAS.449.4336S", "2015arXiv150902237R", "2016ApJ...826...14G", "2016MNRAS.455..884C", "2017MNRAS.464.2963S", "2017MNRAS.472.2773G", "2018MNRAS.475.4617K", "2018MNRAS.479.2065S", "2019MNRAS.484...39S", "2019MNRAS.486.2215K", "2020A&A...641A...6P", "2020ApJ...901...41S", "2020ApJS..250....9S", "2020MNRAS.497.3925L", "2021ApJ...908...30K", "2021MNRAS.504...89T", "2022ApJ...934...37M", "2022ApJS..259...21K", "2022MNRAS.517....1S", "2023MNRAS.523.3749B", "2024A&A...691A.213G", "2024arXiv240919288N" ]
32524838
2501.01938
Identification of the interstellar 1-cyano propargyl radical (HCCCHCN) in TMC-1
We report the first detection in interstellar medium of the 1-cyano propargyl radical, HC$_3$HCN. This species is an isomer of the 3-cyano propargyl radical (CH$_2$C$_3$N), which was recently discovered in TMC-1. The 1-cyano propargyl radical was observed in the cold dark cloud TMC-1 using data from the ongoing QUIJOTE line survey, which is being carried out with the Yebes 40m telescope. A total of seven rotational transitions with multiple hyperfine components were detected in the 31.0-50.4 GHz range. We derived a column density of (2.2$\pm$0.2)$\times$10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ and a rotational temperature of 7$\pm$1\,K. The abundance ratio between HC$_3$HCN and CH$_2$C$_3$N is 1.4. The almost equal abundance of these isomers indicates that the two species may be produced in the same reaction with a similar efficiency, probably in the reaction C + CH$_2$CHCN and perhaps also in the reaction C$_2$ + CH$_3$CN and the dissociative recombination with electrons of CH$_2$C$_3$NH$^+$
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11.702681
11.792419
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101938C
[ "multiple hyperfine components", "interstellar medium", "TMC-1", "CH$_2$C$_3$N", "the ongoing QUIJOTE line survey", "the cold dark cloud TMC-1", "CH$_3$CN", "QUIJOTE", "data", "Yebes" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
21
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01938" ]
[ "Cabezas, C.", "Agúndez, M.", "Marcelino, N.", "Chang, C. H.", "Fuentetaja, R.", "Tercero, B.", "Nakajima, M.", "Endo, Y.", "de Vicente, P.", "Cernicharo, J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1991JMoSp.148..371P", "1998ApJ...492..849C", "2001ApJ...552..409T", "2005JChPh.122g4320S", "2005JMoSt.742..215M", "2006PCCP....8.5454G", "2008PCCP...10..729D", "2018Sci...359..202M", "2020A&A...641L...9C", "2021A&A...645A..37T", "2021A&A...646L...3C", "2021A&A...647L..10A", "2021A&A...648L...3C", "2021A&A...649L..15C", "2021A&A...652L...9C", "2021A&A...654A..45C", "2021A&A...654L...9C", "2021ESC.....5..824H", "2021Sci...371.1265M", "2022A&A...657A..24C", "2022A&A...657L...4C", "2022A&A...663L...2C", "2022A&A...663L...9C", "2023A&A...676L...5C", "2024A&A...682A.109M", "2024A&A...686L..15C", "2024A&A...687L..22C", "2024A&A...688L..13C", "2024A&A...690L..13C", "2024NatAs.tmp..264W", "2024Sci...386..810W" ]
32524847
2501.01940
Spin-period variations in the intermediate polar RX J2133.7+5107
We report the results of long-term time series photometry on RX J2133.7+5107 (also known as 1RXS J213344.1+510725) obtained at several observatories. Using data taken during 17 years, we determined the current value of the spin period of $570.811470$ seconds with the formal accuracy of $0.000006$ seconds and a spin-up of the white dwarf with a characteristic time of $1.483(1)\times10^5$ years. This is even faster than that reported previously and, if confirmed, makes this object have one of the fastest spin-up timescales of all known intermediate polars. We derived an improved value of the superhump period of the system to be $0^d.280130(1)$. Superhump maxima timings are moving on the phase curve from season to season, showing non-monotonic changes, without a change in superhump period.
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5.618517
10.058171
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101940B
[ "superhump period", "non-monotonic changes", "RX J2133.7", "season", "long-term time series photometry", "several observatories", "seconds", "the spin period", "RX", "$0^d.280130(1)$. Superhump maxima timings" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
9
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01940" ]
[ "Breus, V.", "Andronov, I. L.", "Dubovsky, P.", "Kim, Y.", "Yoon, J. N.", "Petrik, K." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1994PASP..106..209P", "2004AstSR...5..264A", "2004JASS...21..191K", "2005ASPC..334..447A", "2005JASS...22..197K", "2006A&A...445.1037B", "2006A&A...449.1151D", "2007A&A...475.1011K", "2007ASPC..372..541T", "2009A&A...496..765K", "2009A&A...501.1047A", "2010PASP..122.1285T", "2011JKAS...44...89A", "2012AASP....2....9B", "2013Ap.....56..518A", "2013JPhSt..17.3901B", "2017MNRAS.467..428D", "2017OAP....30..194S", "2017PASP..129j4502K", "2019MNRAS.488.4526B", "2020CoSka..50..618P", "2022A&C....4000605S", "2022ApJ...928..164C" ]
32524841
2501.01942
Hybrid-z: Enhancing Kilo-Degree Survey bright galaxy sample photometric redshifts with deep learning
We employ deep learning (DL) to improve photometric redshifts (photo-$z$s) in the Kilo-Degree Survey Data Release 4 Bright galaxy sample (KiDS-Bright DR4). This dataset, used as a foreground for KiDS lensing and clustering studies, is flux-limited to $r&lt;20$ mag with mean $z=0.23$ and covers 1000 deg$^2$. Its photo-$z$s were previously derived with artificial neural networks from the ANNz2 package, trained on the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopy. Here we considerably improve over these previous redshift estimations by building a DL model, Hybrid-z, which combines four-band KiDS images with nine-band magnitudes from KiDS+VIKING. The Hybrid-z framework provides photo-$z$s for KiDS-Bright, with negligible mean residuals of O($10^{-4}$) and scatter at the level of $0.014(1+z)$ -- reduction by 20% over the previous nine-band derivations with ANNz2. We check our photo-$z$ model performance on test data drawn from GAMA, as well as from other KiDS-overlapping wide-angle spectroscopic surveys, namely SDSS, 2dFLenS, and 2dFGRS. We find stable behavior and consistent improvement over ANNz2 throughout. We finally apply Hybrid-z trained on GAMA to the entire KiDS-Bright DR4 sample of 1.2 million galaxies. For these final predictions, we design a method of smoothing the input redshift distribution of the training set, to avoid propagation of features present in GAMA, related to its small sky area and large-scale structure imprint in its fields. Our work paves the way towards the best-possible photo-$z$s achievable with machine learning for any galaxy type both for the final KiDS-Bright DR5 data and for future deeper imaging, such as from the Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
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11.935987
4.605987
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101942W
[ "KiDS", "GAMA", "photometric redshifts", "deep learning", "photo-$z$s", "future deeper imaging", "test data", "artificial neural networks", "redshifts", "machine learning" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
12
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01942" ]
[ "William, Anjitha John", "Jalan, Priyanka", "Bilicki, Maciej", "Hellwing, Wojciech A.", "Thuruthipilly, Hareesh", "Nakoneczny, Szymon J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1957AJ.....62....6B", "1962IAUS...15..390B", "1995AJ....110.2655C", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1998ApJ...500..525S", "2000ApJ...536..571B", "2001AJ....122.1861S", "2001MNRAS.328.1039C", "2003LNCS.2859..226T", "2004PASP..116..345C", "2005ASPC..347...29T", "2005PASP..117...79W", "2006ASPC..351..666T", "2006ApJ...647..102W", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2008A&A...482.1053K", "2008ApJ...674..768O", "2009arXiv0912.0201L", "2010A&A...523A..31H", "2010ApJ...712..511C", "2010MNRAS.405..987B", "2011ApJ...737..103S", "2011MNRAS.413..971D", "2011Msngr.146....2C", "2012PASP..124..274W", "2013ExA....35...25D", "2013ExA....35...45M", "2013Msngr.154...32E", "2014ApJS..210....9B", "2014MNRAS.443L..34K", "2014arXiv1412.6980K", "2015A&A...582A..62D", "2015ExA....39...45C", "2015MNRAS.448.3665E", "2015MNRAS.452.2087L", "2015MNRAS.454.3500K", "2016A&C....16...34H", "2016ApJS..225....5B", "2016MNRAS.461.1431R", "2016MNRAS.462.4240B", "2016PASP..128j4502S", "2016arXiv161100036D", "2016cvpr.confE...1H", "2018A&A...609A.111D", "2018A&A...616A..69B", "2018AJ....155....1G", "2019A&A...625A...2K", "2019MNRAS.487.3715V", "2019MNRAS.489.4802M", "2019Msngr.175...46D", "2020ApJS..249....3A", "2020MNRAS.496.3235B", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2020arXiv200907485G", "2021A&A...647A.124H", "2021A&A...650A..90A", "2021A&A...651A..55S", "2021A&A...653A..82B", "2021MNRAS.501.1481H", "2022A&A...666A..85L", "2022A&A...666A..87C", "2022MNRAS.509.2289L", "2022MNRAS.512.1696H", "2022MNRAS.513..439D", "2022MNRAS.515.5285D", "2023A&A...675A.189D", "2023A&A...675A.202V", "2023arXiv231020360J", "2024A&A...686A.170W", "2024A&A...692A.177J", "2024A&A...692A.260R", "2024MNRAS.527..651T", "2024arXiv240516657Y" ]
32524855
2501.01946
Dwarf Galaxies in the TNG50 Field: connecting their Star-formation Rates with their Environments
The dwarf galaxies comparable to the LMC and SMC, with stellar masses $7.5 &lt;{\rm log}(M_{\ast}/M_{\odot})&lt;9.5$, are found in a diversity of environments and have long quenching timescales. The way this phenomenon results from the dwarfs' halo properties or their locations in the large-scale structure is not well understood. We study the star-formation rates of dwarfs in the Illustris TNG50 simulation across different environments, focusing on the dwarfs having host halos with virial masses $9 &lt; {\rm log}(M_{200}/M_{\odot}) &lt; 11.5$, which we demonstrate are in the field as opposed to dwarf satellites in hosts with ${\rm log}(M_{200}/M_{\odot}) \geq 11.5$. Our field dwarf sample is heterogeneous, consisting of primary (central) galaxies, with smaller numbers of secondaries and dwarf galaxies that are on backsplash orbits around massive galaxies. We quantify the field dwarfs' large-scale environmental using the tidal index $\Theta_1$ and the distance to the nearest massive galaxy ${\rm d_{massive}}$, and we study how the quenched fraction and star-formation histories are correlated with these metrics. Those with ${\rm d_{massive}}&gt;1.5$ Mpc and $\Theta_1&lt;0$ are well isolated, with only $\sim 1\%$ being quenched. The quenched field dwarfs are in majority the backsplash dwarfs located in the neighborhood of cluster-scale halos. We discover a two-halo galactic conformity signal that arises from the tendency of the quenched dwarfs, particularly the backsplash sample, to have a quenched massive galaxy as a neighbor. We attribute the low quenched fractions of the simulated LMC/SMC analogs in the field to the locations of their low-mass hosts in the sparse large-scale environment, which predominate over the relatively small number of backsplash and pre-processed dwarfs in denser environments.
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11.340818
6.752272
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250101946B
[ "dwarf galaxies", "dwarf satellites", "dwarfs", "pre-processed dwarfs", "host halos", "massive galaxies", "different environments", "denser environments", "backsplash orbits", "\\rm d_{massive}}$" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
39
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.01946" ]
[ "Bhattacharyya, Joy", "Peter, Annika H. G.", "Leauthaud, Alexie" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1998ARA&A..36..435M", "1999IAUS..186..109K", "2001MNRAS.328..726S", "2002AJ....124.2639V", "2002ApJ...569..573T", "2004AJ....127.2031K", "2004PASJ...56...29F", "2005ApJ...634..833C", "2005MNRAS.356.1327G", "2005MNRAS.363L..66G", "2006AJ....131.2514H", "2006AJ....132..729T", "2006MNRAS.366....2W", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2007MNRAS.374.1303C", "2008ApJ...686L..61D", "2009ApJ...692..931L", "2009ApJ...697..247W", "2009arXiv0912.0201L", "2010ApJ...708..505K", "2010ApJ...721..193P", "2010MNRAS.401..791S", "2011MNRAS.412..529K", "2012AJ....144....4M", "2012ApJ...748L..24M", "2012ApJ...757...85G", "2012MNRAS.419.2133H", "2012MNRAS.419.2670M", "2012MNRAS.421.3522H", "2012MNRAS.426.1808T", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013A&A...559L..11B", "2013AJ....145..101K", "2013ApJ...763L..41B", "2013MNRAS.428..573S", "2013MNRAS.428.3121M", "2013MNRAS.428.3306W", "2013MNRAS.430.1447K", "2013MNRAS.430.3017B", "2014ApJ...789....1D", "2014JCAP...11..019A", "2014MNRAS.438..717K", "2014MNRAS.438.2578G", "2014MNRAS.439.2687W", "2014MNRAS.442.1396W", "2014MNRAS.444.2938H", "2015ApJ...804..136W", "2015ApJ...805....2S", "2015ApJ...808L..27W", "2015ApJ...809..146B", "2015ApJ...810...36M", "2015ApJ...812L..13S", "2015MNRAS.447..698P", "2015MNRAS.452.1958H", "2015MNRAS.453.3568D", "2015MNRAS.454.1798K", "2015MNRAS.454.2039F", "2016A&A...594A..13P", "2016ApJ...828L...5C", "2016MNRAS.457.4360Z", "2016MNRAS.459.1827P", "2017ApJ...847....4G", "2017MNRAS.465.3291W", "2017MNRAS.467.2019R", "2017MNRAS.467.3268R", "2017MNRAS.472.1060D", "2017NatAs...1E..25S", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ARA&A..56..435W", "2018ApJS..239...35D", "2018MNRAS.473.4077P", "2018MNRAS.475..624N", "2018MNRAS.475..676S", "2018MNRAS.476.1637Z", "2018MNRAS.477..935T", "2018MNRAS.478..548S", "2018MNRAS.479.4136K", "2018MNRAS.480.3376B", "2019ARA&A..57..375S", "2019ApJ...886..109C", "2019ComAC...6....2N", "2019MNRAS.488.3143B", "2019MNRAS.490.3196P", "2019OJAp....2E...7A", "2020ApJ...893...48N", "2020ApJ...893..121P", "2020MNRAS.492.1713G", "2020MNRAS.495.2554E", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2020PDU....3000719L", "2021ApJ...909..112D", "2021ApJ...909..139A", "2021ApJ...909..211C", "2021ApJ...915...53D", "2021ApJ...923...35M", "2021ApJS..256....2D", "2021MNRAS.500.3854D", "2021MNRAS.500.3957E", "2021MNRAS.500.4004D", "2021MNRAS.506.4760D", "2021MNRAS.507.4764G", "2021MNRAS.508.1652J", "2021NatAs...5.1255B", "2022ApJ...933...47C", "2022ApJ...940..136P", "2022MNRAS.513.2271L", "2022MNRAS.513.2673J", "2022MNRAS.514.3612N", "2022MNRAS.514.5276S", "2023ApJ...943...30O", "2023ApJ...949...94G", "2023ApJ...950..114H", "2023ApJ...954..149D", "2023MNRAS.519.4499P", "2023MNRAS.520..649B", "2023MNRAS.520.2692P", "2023MNRAS.522.5946E", "2023MNRAS.523.1268W", "2023MNRAS.525..415Y", "2023MNRAS.525.3849S", "2024ApJ...961..236C", "2024ApJ...963...37K", "2024ApJ...966..188M", "2024ApJ...967...61N", "2024ApJ...974..273M", "2024ApJ...975..244B", "2024ApJ...976..118G", "2024MNRAS.528..365G", "2024MNRAS.528.5804F", "2024MNRAS.530.4988L", "2024MNRAS.535....1T", "2024arXiv240903999D", "2024arXiv241001884D" ]
32525314
2501.02049
Enabling Strong Neutrino Self-interaction with an Unparticle Mediator
Recent explorations of the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale structure of the universe have indicated a preference for sizable neutrino self-interactions, much stronger than what the Standard Model offers. When interpreted in the context of simple particle-physics models with a light, neutrinophilic scalar mediator, some of the hints are already in tension with the combination of terrestrial, astrophysical and cosmological constraints. We take a novel approach by considering neutrino self-interactions through a mediator with a smooth, continuous, spectral density function. We consider Georgi's unparticle with a mass gap as a concrete example and point out two useful effects for mitigating two leading constraints. 1) The Unparticle is ``broadband'' -- it occupies a wide range of masses which allows it to pass the early universe constraint on effective number of extra neutrinos ($\Delta N_{\rm eff.}$) even if the mass gap lies below the MeV scale. 2) Scattering involving unparticles is less resonant -- which lifts the constraint set by IceCube based on a recent measurement of ultra-high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos. Our analysis shows that an unparticle mediator can open up ample parameter space for strong neutrino self-interactions of interest to cosmology and serves a well-motivated target for upcoming experiments.
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7.122275
-1.310413
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102049F
[ "extra neutrinos", "strong neutrino self-interactions", "sizable neutrino self-interactions", "unparticles", "neutrino self-interactions", "ample parameter space", "ultra-high-energy cosmogenic neutrinos", "Recent explorations", "effective number", "the early universe constraint" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Experiment" ]
36
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02049" ]
[ "Foroughi-Abari, Saeid", "Kelly, Kevin J.", "Rai, Mudit", "Zhang, Yue" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1982PhRvD..25..907B", "1998PhRvD..58d3004L", "1999PhLB..459..179A", "2000PhR...327..109B", "2004PhRvD..70h5008C", "2007PhLB..650..275G", "2007PhRvD..76g5004F", "2007PhRvL..98v1601G", "2008JHEP...01..070C", "2008JHEP...12..107F", "2009EPJC...60..317C", "2009JHEP...02..049C", "2009PhLB..671..411R", "2009PhRvD..79e5011D", "2010NJPh...12g5012C", "2013PASP..125..306F", "2014PTEP.2014f1E01I", "2014PhRvD..90e3011I", "2014PhRvD..90f5035N", "2015PhRvD..92k3004K", "2015arXiv151104074Q", "2018PhR...754....1P", "2018PhRvD..97g5030B", "2019EPJC...79..474A", "2019PhRvL.123s1102B", "2020JCAP...05..048E", "2020PhRvD.101k5001B", "2020PhRvD.101l3505K", "2021JCAP...03..084C", "2021JCAP...07..038D", "2021JHEP...03..112C", "2021JPhG...48f0501A", "2021PhRvD.103a5004L", "2021PhRvD.104b2002A", "2021PhRvD.104f3523B", "2021PhRvD.104l3014E", "2021PhRvL.127d1101K", "2022PhRvD.105c5025C", "2022arXiv221109978C", "2023JCAP...09..042D", "2023PDU....4201267B", "2023PDU....4201333G", "2023PhRvD.108j3535C", "2024PhRvD.109d3501K", "2024PhRvD.109j3527H", "2024PhRvD.110c0001N", "2024arXiv240712738B", "2024arXiv240903712P", "2024arXiv241105070Z", "2024arXiv241112022D", "2024arXiv241204959R", "2024arXiv241205451G", "2025PhRvD.111b3504C" ]
32525315
2501.02050
Sporadic Dips from Extended Debris Transiting the Metal-Rich White Dwarf SBSS 1232+563
We present the discovery of deep but sporadic transits in the flux of SBSS 1232+563, a metal-rich white dwarf polluted by disrupted exoplanetary debris. Nearly 25 years of photometry from multiple sky surveys reveal evidence of occasional dimming of the white dwarf, most notably evident in an 8-months-long event in 2023 that caused a &gt;40% drop in flux from the star. In-transit follow-up shows additional short-timescale (minutes- to hours-long) dimming events. TESS photometry suggests a coherent 14.842-hr signal that could represent the dominant orbital period of debris. Six low-resolution spectra collected at various transit depths over two decades show no evidence of significant changes in the observed elemental abundances. SBSS 1232+563 demonstrates that debris transits around white dwarfs can be sporadic, with many years of inactivity before large-amplitude dimming events.
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5.684505
12.180962
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102050H
[ "white dwarfs", "various transit depths", "dimming events", "disrupted exoplanetary debris", "multiple sky surveys", "many years", "significant changes", "evidence", "TESS photometry", "debris" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
54
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02050" ]
[ "Hermes, J. J.", "Guidry, Joseph A.", "Vanderbosch, Zachary P.", "Badenas-Agusti, Mariona", "Xu, Siyi", "Kao, Malia L.", "Rodriguez, Antonio C.", "Hawkins, Keith" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1978ApJ...224..953S", "1982PASP...94..586O", "1986ApJS...61..177P", "1995PASP..107..375O", "2000A&AS..147..169B", "2002A&A...389..896K", "2005CoAst.146...53L", "2006ApJS..167...40E", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2008ASPC..399..115H", "2008MNRAS.386..155S", "2009ApJ...696..870D", "2009JPhCS.172a2081T", "2010ApJ...709..950K", "2010SPIE.7735E..0RR", "2011ApJS..197...38D", "2012AJ....144..144B", "2012ApJ...749....6D", "2012ApJ...750...99T", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013ApJ...763...32D", "2013Sci...342..218F", "2014ApJ...786...77B", "2014ApJ...792...30M", "2015JATIS...1a4003R", "2015MNRAS.450.2083R", "2015Natur.526..546V", "2016A&A...589L...6A", "2016MNRAS.455.4467M", "2016NewAR..71....9F", "2016RSOS....350571V", "2016SPIE.9913E..3EJ", "2016arXiv161205560C", "2017ApJ...835..277H", "2017ApJS..232...23H", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...852L..22C", "2018MNRAS.474.4603V", "2018MNRAS.481..703I", "2018PASP..130f4505T", "2019A&A...632A..42B", "2019AJ....157...98G", "2019AJ....158..242X", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019ApJ...885...74C", "2019MNRAS.486.4574R", "2019PASP..131a8003M", "2019PASP..131h4503P", "2019Sci...364...66M", "2019arXiv190205569A", "2020A&C....3300412T", "2020ApJ...897..171V", "2020ApJ...897L..31W", "2020JOSS....5.2308P", "2020MNRAS.496.5233S", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2021ApJ...911..108H", "2021ApJ...912..125G", "2021ApJ...917...41V", "2021MNRAS.506..432S", "2022AJ....163..263H", "2022MNRAS.509.2404B", "2022MNRAS.511.1647F", "2023A&A...674A..13E", "2023AJ....165...36M", "2023AJ....165...71H", "2023AJ....165..141H", "2023MNRAS.519.2663B", "2024ApJ...967..166S", "2024ApJ...972..126G", "2024MNRAS.529.1688B", "2024MNRAS.530..117A", "2024MNRAS.533.1756R" ]
32525329
2501.02051
Abundant Water from Early Supernovae at Cosmic Dawn
Primordial (or Pop III) supernovae were the first nucleosynthetic engines in the Universe, forging the heavy elements required for the later formation of planets and life. Water, in particular, is thought to be crucial to the cosmic origins of life as we understand it, and recent models have shown that water can form in low-metallicity gas like that present at high redshifts. Here we present numerical simulations that show that the first water in the Universe formed in Pop III core-collapse and pair-instability supernovae at redshifts $z \sim$ 20. The primary sites of water production in these remnants are dense molecular cloud cores, which in some cases were enriched with primordial water to mass fractions that were only a factor of a few below those in the Solar System today. These dense, dusty cores are also likely candidates for protoplanetary disk formation. Besides revealing that a primary ingredient for life was already in place in the Universe 100 - 200 Myr after the Big Bang, our simulations show that water was likely a key constituent of the first galaxies.
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11.118169
8.542305
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102051W
[ "primordial water", "water production", "Water", "water", "dense molecular cloud cores", "Universe", "likely candidates", "life", "first", "protoplanetary disk formation" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
81
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02051" ]
[ "Whalen, Daniel J.", "Latif, Muhammad A.", "Jessop, Christopher" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2004ApJ...610...14W", "2004ApJ...613..631K", "2005ApJ...630..675K", "2007ApJ...659L..87A", "2024A&A...692A.150B" ]
32525328
2501.02052
Search for continuous gravitational wave signals from luminous dark photon superradiance clouds with LVK O3 observations
Superradiance clouds of kinetically-mixed dark photons around spinning black holes can produce observable multi-messenger electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals. The cloud generates electric fields of up to a Teravolt-per-meter, which lead to a cascade production of charged particles, yielding a turbulent quasi-equilibrium plasma around the black hole, and resulting in electromagnetic fluxes ranging from supernova to pulsar-like luminosities. For stellar mass black holes, such systems resemble millisecond pulsars and are expected to emit pulsating radio waves and continuous gravitational waves (CWs) within the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) sensitivity band. We select 44 sources with approximately coincident frequencies or positive frequency drifts from existing pulsar catalogs as potential candidates of long-lasting superradiance clouds around old galactic black holes. For a subset of 34 sources that are well measured and have not been previously targeted, we perform the first search for CW emission in LVK data from the third observing run. We find no evidence of a CW signal and place 95% confidence level upper limits on the emitted strain amplitude. We interpret these results, together with limits from previous searches, in terms of the underlying dark photon theory by performing an analysis of the expected signals from superradiance clouds from galactic black holes. We find that, even for moderately spinning black holes, the absence of an observed CW signal disfavors a discrete set of dark photon masses between about $10^{-13}$ $\rm{eV}/c^2$ and $10^{-12}$ $\rm{eV}/c^2$ and kinetic mixing couplings in the range of $10^{-9}$-$10^{-7}$, subject to assumptions about the properties of the black hole population and the cloud's electromagnetic emission.
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8.881503
0.357892
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102052M
[ "black holes", "galactic black holes", "old galactic black holes", "stellar mass black holes", "Superradiance clouds", "superradiance clouds", "dark photon masses", "CW emission", "continuous gravitational waves", "existing pulsar catalogs" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
56
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02052" ]
[ "Mirasola, Lorenzo", "Mondino, Cristina", "Amicucci, Francesco", "Siemonsen, Nils", "Palomba, Cristiano", "D'Antonio, Sabrina", "Leaci, Paola", "D'Onofrio, Luca", "Astone, Pia", "Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel", "Huang, Junwu", "Baryakhtar, Masha", "East, William E." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
null
32525331
2501.02053
A sufficient condition for the development of superradiant instabilities in charged black-hole spacetimes
The physical and mathematical properties of charged black holes that are linearly coupled to charged massive scalar fields are studied analytically. In particular, we prove that, in the eikonal large-mass regime $M\mu\gg1$, the compact dimensionless inequality $\Phi_{\text{H}}&gt;Q/M$ provides a sufficient condition for the development of superradiant instabilities in the curved black-hole spacetime [here $\{M,Q,\Phi_{\text{H}}\}$ are respectively the mass, the electric charge, and the horizon electrostatic potential of the central black hole and $\mu$ is the proper mass of the field]. The familiar charged Reissner-Nordström black hole does not satisfy this inequality. On the other hand, we explicitly prove that all charged Ayón-Beato-García (ABG) black-hole spacetimes satisfy this analytically derived sufficient condition and may therefore become superradiantly unstable to perturbations of charged massive scalar fields.
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9.108416
1.135095
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102053H
[ "charged black holes", "charged massive scalar fields", "massive scalar fields", "the central black hole", "The familiar charged Reissner-Nordström black hole", "electrostatic potential", "superradiant instabilities", "the curved black-hole spacetime", "Q,\\Phi_{\\text{H}}\\}$", "perturbations" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
25
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02053" ]
[ "Hod, Shahar" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1972Natur.238..211P", "1973ApJ...185..649P", "1973PhRvD...7..949B", "1978PhLB...78..301V", "1978amms.book.....B", "1983mtbh.book.....C", "1998PhRvD..58b4017H", "1998PhRvD..58b4018H", "1998PhRvD..58b4019H", "1998PhRvL..80.5056A", "2004CQGra..21.4417D", "2006CQGra..23L..23H", "2010JHEP...03..118H", "2010PhRvD..81f1502H", "2012PhLB..708..320H", "2012PhLB..713..505H", "2012PhRvD..86j4026H", "2013EPJC...73.2378H", "2013PhLB..718.1489H", "2013PhRvD..88f3003D", "2013PhRvD..88f4055H", "2014EPJC...74.3051L", "2014EPJC...74.3137H", "2014PhLB..739....1B", "2014PhLB..739..196H", "2014PhLB..739..302H", "2014PhRvD..89l4018H", "2014PhRvD..90b4051H", "2014PhRvD..90f5019D", "2014PhRvD..90j4024B", "2014PhRvL.112v1101H", "2015CQGra..32m4002H", "2015CQGra..32n4001H", "2015CoTPh..63..569L", "2015EPJC...75..142L", "2015PhLB..740..317L", "2015PhLB..744..406K", "2015PhLB..748...30H", "2015PhLB..751..177H", "2015PhRvD..91d4047H", "2015PhRvD..92h4059H", "2015PhRvD..92l4047D", "2015PhRvL.115u1102C", "2016CQGra..33o4001H", "2016JCAP...07..049N", "2016PhLB..758..181H", "2016PhLB..760..279B", "2016PhRvL.116n1101S", "2016arXiv160600811W", "2017JHEP...01..030H", "2019PhRvD..99d4036G", "2019PhRvL.123a1101C", "2020PhRvD.101d4040G", "2020PhRvD.102h4060H", "2021PhRvD.104f4054G", "2021Univ....7..483H", "2022JHEP...02..039H", "2023JHEP...09..140H", "2023PhRvD.108j4012G", "2023PhRvD.108l4028H", "2024PhRvD.109f4053D", "2024PhRvD.109f4074H", "2024PhRvD.109l4037D" ]
32525316
2501.02054
The SLACS strong lens sample, debiased. II. Lensing-only constraints on the stellar IMF and dark matter contraction in early-type galaxies
The Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) is the best studied sample of strong lenses to date. Much of our knowledge of the SLACS lenses has been obtained by combining strong lensing with stellar kinematics constraints. However, interpreting stellar kinematics data is difficult: it requires reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of a galaxy and the orbits of its stars. In this work we pursued an alternative approach to the study of galaxy structure with SLACS, based purely on gravitational lensing data. The primary goal of this study is to constrain the stellar population synthesis mismatch parameter $\alpha_{sps}$, quantifying the ratio between the true stellar mass of a galaxy and that obtained with a reference stellar population synthesis model, and the efficiency of the dark matter response to the infall of baryons, $\epsilon$. We combined Einstein radius measurements from the SLACS lenses with weak lensing information from their parent sample, while accounting for selection effects. The data can be fit comparatively well by a model with $\log{\alpha_{sps}}=0.22$ and $\epsilon=0$, corresponding to an IMF slightly lighter than Salpeter and no dark matter contraction, or $\log{\alpha_{sps}}=0$ and $\epsilon=0.8$, equivalent to a Chabrier IMF and almost maximal contraction. This degeneracy could be broken with lensing-only measurements of the projected density slope, but existing data are completely inconsistent with our model. We suspect systematic errors in the measurements to be at the origin of this discrepancy. Number density constraints would also help break the degeneracy. Because of selection effects, SLACS lenses have a larger velocity dispersion than galaxies with the same projected mass distribution, and their velocity dispersion is overestimated. These two biases combined produce a $5\%$ upward shift in the observed velocity dispersion.
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12.741732
4.325149
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102054S
[ "SLACS lenses", "stellar kinematics data", "gravitational lensing data", "stellar kinematics constraints", "galaxy structure", "SLACS", "strong lenses", "weak lensing information", "existing data", "galaxies" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
18
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02054" ]
[ "Sonnenfeld, Alessandro" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1986ApJ...301...27B", "2004ApJ...616...16G", "2006ApJ...638..703B", "2006ApJ...649..599K", "2007ApJ...654...27D", "2009ApJ...705.1099A", "2009MNRAS.394.1978H", "2010ApJ...709.1195T", "2010ApJ...721L.163A", "2010ApJ...724..511A", "2010MNRAS.405.2161D", "2011MNRAS.415.2215B", "2013ApJ...777...98S", "2014MNRAS.441.3359D", "2015ApJ...800...94S", "2015MNRAS.446..493P", "2015MNRAS.451.1247S", "2018MNRAS.474.4648S", "2018MNRAS.481..164S", "2018PASJ...70S...4A", "2018PASJ...70S...8A", "2020A&A...643A.165B", "2020MNRAS.493.1725K", "2020MNRAS.494.4291C", "2021A&A...651A..18S", "2021MNRAS.501.5021K", "2021MNRAS.503.2380S", "2022A&A...663A.179V", "2022MNRAS.517.3275E", "2023A&A...679A.128G", "2023MNRAS.521.6005E", "2024A&A...690A.325S", "2024A&A...690A.390Z", "2024A&A...692A..87G", "2024MNRAS.530.1474T", "2024arXiv240810316S", "2024arXiv240910631K" ]
32525317
2501.02055
Parity doubled nucleons can rapidly cool neutron stars
In confined hadronic matter, the spontaneous breaking and restoration of chiral symmetry can be described by considering nucleons, $N_{+}(939)$, and excited states of opposite parity, $N_{-}(1535)$. In a cold, dense hadronic phase where chiral symmetry remains spontaneously broken, direct Urca decay processes involving the $N_{-}$ are possible, e.g. $N_- \rightarrow N_+ + e^- + \bar{\nu}_e$. We show that at low temperature and moderate densities, because the $N_-$ is much heavier than the $N_+$, such cooling dominates over standard $N_+$ direct Urca processes. This provides a strong constraint on chiral symmetry restoration in neutron stars.
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4.490499
2.155037
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102055B
[ "chiral symmetry restoration", "chiral symmetry", "confined hadronic matter", "opposite parity", "excited states", "standard $N_+$ direct Urca processes", "Urca", "restoration", "neutron stars", "low temperature and moderate densities" ]
[ "Nuclear Theory", "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
34
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02055" ]
[ "Brodie, Liam", "Pisarski, Robert D." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2000NuPhA.671..471J", "2000PhRvL..84.3252J", "2001PThPh.106..873J", "2001PhR...354....1Y", "2004AdSpR..33..523Y", "2007PhRvC..75e5202Z", "2010LNP...811.....S" ]
32525332
2501.02056
Upper Limits on the Mass of Cool Gas in the CGM of Dwarf Galaxies
We use HI absorption measurements to constrain the amount of cool ($\approx 10^4$ K), photoionized gas in the CGM of dwarf galaxies with $M_* = 10^{6.5-9.5}~M_\odot$ in the nearby Universe ($z&lt;0.3$). We show analytically that volume-filling gas gives an upper limit on the gas mass needed to reproduce a given HI column density profile. We introduce a power-law density profile for the gas distribution and fit our model to archival HI observations to infer the cool CGM gas mass, $M_{\rm cCGM}$, as a function of halo mass. For volume-filling ($f_V=1$) models, we find $M_{\rm cCGM} = 5 \times 10^8-2 \times 10^9~M_\odot$, constituting $\lesssim 10\%$ of the halo baryon budget. For clumpy gas, with $f_V=0.01$, the masses are a factor of $\approx 11$ lower, in agreement with our analytic approximation. Our assumption that the measured HI forms entirely in the cool CGM provides a conservative upper limit on $M_{\rm cCGM}$, and possible contributions from the IGM or warm/hot CGM will further strengthen our result. We estimate the mass uncertainties due to the range of redshifts in our sample and the unknown gas metallicity to be $\approx 15\%$ and $\approx 10\%$, respectively. Our results show that dwarf galaxies have only $\lesssim 15\%$ of their baryon budget in stars and the cool CGM, with the rest residing in the warm/hot CGM or ejected from the dark matter halos.
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13.144063
8.234425
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102056F
[ "gas", "clumpy gas", "CGM", "the cool CGM gas mass", "HI absorption measurements", "archival HI observations", "M_{\\rm cCGM}$", "dwarf galaxies", "\\approx", "a given HI column density profile" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
22
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02056" ]
[ "Faerman, Yakov", "Zheng, Yong", "Oppenheimer, Benjamin D." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1996ApJ...461...20H", "1999ApJ...513..142M", "2000Ap&SS.272....3B", "2003MNRAS.345..349B", "2004ApJ...613..898T", "2004MNRAS.355..694M", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2009ARA&A..47..481A", "2009ApJ...703.1416F", "2011MNRAS.415...11D", "2012ApJ...746..125H", "2013ApJ...762..106A", "2013ApJ...779..102K", "2014ApJ...786...54P", "2014ApJ...792....8W", "2014ApJ...796..136B", "2014MNRAS.445.2061L", "2015MNRAS.454.2691M", "2016A&A...594A..13P", "2016ApJ...830...87S", "2017ARA&A..55..389T", "2017ApJ...835...52F", "2017ApJ...837..169P", "2017ApJ...850L..10J", "2017RMxAA..53..385F", "2018ApJ...852...33M", "2018ApJ...856....5Q", "2018ApJ...862...23Q", "2018ApJ...864..132B", "2018ApJ...865...91S", "2018ApJS..239...35D", "2019A&A...625A..11A", "2019ApJ...877..120T", "2019MNRAS.484.2257Z", "2019MNRAS.484.4174K", "2019MNRAS.486..608L", "2019MNRAS.488.3143B", "2020ApJ...905..133Z", "2020MNRAS.497..498C", "2020NatMe..17..261V", "2020Natur.585..357H", "2021ApJ...923..137H", "2021MNRAS.501.5575A", "2022ApJ...927..147T", "2022ApJ...928...37F", "2022MNRAS.516.4882Q", "2022NatAs...6..647C", "2022NatAs...6..897S", "2023ARA&A..61..131F", "2023ARA&A..61..473C", "2023ApJ...948...43L", "2023ApJ...956...92F", "2023MNRAS.524..512Q", "2023MNRAS.524.5391A", "2023RMxAA..59..327C", "2024ApJ...960...55Z", "2024ApJ...974..291O", "2024ApJ...976..149M", "2024MNRAS.532.3222S", "2024arXiv240603553F", "2024arXiv240718071B", "2024arXiv240918238R", "2024arXiv241016359S", "2024arXiv241117173S" ]
32525338
2501.02076
Revisiting the Group-Dominant Elliptical NGC 5044 in the Radio Band: Continuum Emission and Detection of HI Absorption
We present new MeerKAT L-band (continuum and HI) and upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (300-850 MHz) observations of the archetypal cool-core group-dominant early-type galaxy NGC 5044. Our new continuum images reveal diffuse, steep spectrum ($\alpha_{0.99\,\rm GHz}^{1.56\,\rm GHz}=-1.53\pm0.6$) radio emission extending about 25 kpc around the unresolved radio core. The observed radio emission overlaps with the known X-ray cavities, but is not confined to them. We also find the first direct evidence of neutral atomic gas in NGC 5044, in the form of a 3.8$\sigma$ significant two-component HI absorption line seen against the emission of the active nucleus. The peak velocities are well correlated with the previously reported CO(2-1) absorption, but the HI lines are moderately broader, spanning velocities from $265\,\rm \, km\,s^{-1}$ to $305\,\rm \, km\,s^{-1}$. We do not detect HI emission, but place an upper limit of $M_{HI}&lt; 5.4 \times 10^{7} \, M_{\odot}$ in the central 15 arcsec (2.2 kpc) of the galaxy. This is significantly less than the estimated molecular gas content, and implies a molecular-to-atomic mass ratio of $\geq $1.7:1, consistent with these gas phases forming through cooling from the hot intra-group medium. We also constrain the spin temperature to $T_{\rm spin}\leq 950\,\rm K$, indicating that the detected HI is in the cold neutral phase.
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14.367385
5.728974
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102076R
[ "HI emission", "neutral atomic gas", "HI", "Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope", "velocities", "the hot intra-group medium", "the known X-ray cavities", "The observed radio emission", "the estimated molecular gas content", "the HI lines" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
31
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02076" ]
[ "Rajpurohit, Kamlesh", "Deb, Tirna", "Kolokythas, Konstantinos", "Thorat, Kshitij", "O'Sullivan, Ewan", "Schellenberger, Gerrit", "David, Laurence P.", "Vrtilek, Jan M.", "Giacintucci, Simona", "Forman, William", "Jones, Christine", "Ramatsoku, Mpati" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1973A&A....26..423J", "1983ApJ...266L..97D", "1994ApJ...428..544D", "1994ApJ...434..110J", "1995ApJ...443..152W", "1995PhDT.......238B", "1997A&A...325..898B", "2000A&A...356..788C", "2001ApJ...546..681T", "2001ApJ...554..261C", "2001MNRAS.328..762E", "2002MNRAS.332..729C", "2003A&A...412..657S", "2003ASPC..295..489J", "2003ApJ...594..741B", "2006MNRAS.371..157M", "2007ApJ...658..299O", "2007ApJ...669..158G", "2007CSE.....9...90H", "2008ApJ...684..270K", "2008ApJ...686..859B", "2009A&A...499..679M", "2009A&A...501.1185I", "2009A&A...505..559M", "2009AIPC.1201..229G", "2009ApJ...693...43G", "2009ApJ...705..624D", "2009MNRAS.394.1857O", "2009MNRAS.396.1449S", "2009MNRAS.400.1962K", "2010ApJ...712..883D", "2010ApJ...725..100W", "2010MNRAS.405..155O", "2010MNRAS.407.1277M", "2011ApJ...728..162D", "2011ApJ...731L..23K", "2011ApJ...732...95G", "2011MNRAS.414..940Y", "2011MNRAS.416.2916O", "2012ARA&A..50..455F", "2012AdAst2012E...6G", "2012ApJ...755..172G", "2012MNRAS.422.1835S", "2012MNRAS.423L..30S", "2012NJPh...14e5023M", "2012ascl.soft08017R", "2013A&A...558A..33A", "2013ApJ...770...56G", "2014ApJ...790..132D", "2014ApJ...792...94D", "2014IJMPD..2330007B", "2014MNRAS.437..730O", "2014MNRAS.439.2291W", "2014MNRAS.444..606O", "2014PhDT.......338H", "2015A&A...573A.118L", "2015ApJ...805..112R", "2015MNRAS.448.1922S", "2016A&A...592A..12E", "2016ApJ...824..110O", "2017A&A...605A..48K", "2017ApJ...842...84D", "2017ApJ...848..101V", "2017MNRAS.466..677G", "2017MNRAS.470.1703D", "2017MNRAS.472.1482O", "2017MNRAS.472.4707B", "2018A&ARv..26....4M", "2018AJ....156..123A", "2018ApJ...853..177P", "2018ApJ...858...17T", "2018MNRAS.473.5248O", "2018MNRAS.478.2399K", "2018MNRAS.481.1550K", "2018MNRAS.481.4472L", "2019A&A...631A..22O", "2019ApJ...880...70G", "2019MNRAS.486.1404D", "2019MNRAS.489..349R", "2019MNRAS.489.2488K", "2019MNRAS.490.3025R", "2020A&A...640A..37I", "2020ApJ...894...72S", "2020MNRAS.496.2613B", "2020NatAs...4...10G", "2020ascl.soft06014J", "2021A&A...654A.173H", "2021ApJ...906...16S", "2021ApJ...908...19B", "2021MNRAS.503..985A", "2021MNRAS.505.2628P", "2021MNRAS.506..488B", "2021Univ....7..142E", "2022A&A...661A..13P", "2022A&A...661A..92B", "2022A&A...666A..94O", "2022ApJS..258...30G", "2022MNRAS.516.2683D", "2022PhR...973....1D", "2023ApJ...944..216U", "2023MNRAS.518..878R", "2023MNRAS.519.4128S", "2024A&A...692A..12V", "2024ApJ...970...65O", "2024ApJ...976..246S", "2024MNRAS.527.3315P", "2024MNRAS.533..771R" ]
32525359
2501.02081
Statistical trends in JWST transiting exoplanet atmospheres
Our brains are hardwired for pattern recognition as correlations are useful for predicting and understanding nature. As more exoplanet atmospheres are being characterized with JWST, we are starting to unveil their properties on a population level. Here we present a framework for comparing exoplanet transmission spectroscopy from 3 to 5$\mu$m with four bands: L (2.9 - 3.7$\mu$m), SO$_2$ (3.95 - 4.1$\mu$m), CO$_2$ (4.25 - 4.4$\mu$m) and CO (4.5 - 4.9$\mu$m). Together, the four bands cover the major carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur-bearing molecules including H$_2$O, CH$_4$, NH$_3$, H$_2$S, SO$_2$, CO$_2$, and CO. Among the eight high-precision gas giant exoplanet planet spectra we collected, we found strong correlations between the SO$_2$-L index and planet mass (r=-0.41$\pm$0.09) and temperature (r=-0.64$\pm$0.08), indicating SO$_2$ preferably exists (SO$_2$-L$&gt;$-0.5) among low mass ($\sim&lt;$0.3M$_J$) and cooler ($\sim&lt;$1200K) targets. We also observe strong temperature dependency for both CO$_2$-L and CO-L indices. Under equilibrium chemistry and isothermal thermal structure assumptions, we find that the planet sample favors super-solar metallicity and low C/O ratio ($&lt;$0.7). In addition, the presence of a mass-metallicity correlation is favored over uniform metallicity with the eight planets. We further introduce the SO$_2$-L versus CO$_2$-L diagram alike the color-magnitude diagram for stars and brown dwarfs. All reported trends here will be testable and be further quantified with existing and future JWST observations within the next few years.
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7.27739
14.581744
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102081F
[ "strong correlations", "exoplanet transmission spectroscopy", "planet mass", "low mass", "more exoplanet atmospheres", "super-solar metallicity", "strong temperature dependency", "CO$_2$-L diagram", "CO-L", "correlations" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
55
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02081" ]
[ "Fu, Guangwei", "Stevenson, Kevin B.", "Sing, David K.", "Mukherjee, Sagnick", "Welbanks, Luis", "Thorngren, Daniel", "Tsai, Shang-Min", "Gao, Peter", "Lothringer, Joshua", "Beatty, Thomas G.", "Gapp, Cyril", "Evans-Soma, Thomas M.", "Allart, Romain", "Pelletier, Stefan", "Thao, Pa Chia", "Mann, Andrew W." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2002ApJ...564..466G", "2007ApJ...659.1661F", "2016MNRAS.463.2574A", "2016arXiv160604510A", "2017A&A...604A.110A", "2017AJ....154..109F", "2017AJ....154..261C", "2017ApJ...847L..22F", "2018ApJ...855L..30A", "2018MNRAS.481.4698F", "2019ApJ...872...51C", "2019ApJ...878...70B", "2020A&A...635A.205B", "2020AJ....160..288F", "2020NatAs...4..951G", "2021A&A...648A.127B", "2021AJ....162..108F", "2022ApJ...925L...3F", "2023AJ....165..104D", "2023Natur.614..664A", "2024ApJ...961L..23B", "2024ApJ...970L..10B", "2024NatAs...8.1008C", "2024Natur.632..752F" ]
32525350
2501.02082
Retracing the Cold Plasma Dispersion Law in Pulsar B0329+54: New Insights into Frequency-Dependent Dispersion Measures
Multiple studies have investigated potential frequency-dependent dispersion measures (DM) in PSR B0329+54, with sensitivities at levels of $10^{-3} \, \text{pc} \, \text{cm}^{-3}$ or higher, using frequencies below 1 GHz. Utilizing the extensive bandwidth of the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope, we conducted simultaneous observations of this pulsar across a frequency range of 300 to 1460 MHz. Our observations reveal a distinct point in the pulse profile of PSR B0329+54 that appears to align remarkably well with the cold-plasma dispersion law, resulting in a unique measured DM across the entire frequency range. In contrast, using times of arrival (ToAs) from widely adopted pulsar timing techniques (e.g., FFTFIT)-leads to frequency-dependent DMs. We investigated the potential causes of these frequency-dependent DMs in this pulsar and their relationship with the underlying magnetic field geometry corresponding to the radio emission. Our study reveals that all frequencies in the range 300-1460 MHz originate from a region no larger than 204 km, and the dipolar magnetic-field geometry model indicates that the emission region is centered at $\sim$800 km from the star. This is the tightest constraint on the size of the emission region reported so far for PSR B0329+54 at the given frequencies, and it is at least five times more stringent than the existing emission height constraints based on the dipolar geometry model.
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6.49203
3.955012
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102082S
[ "PSR B0329", "frequencies", "Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope", "potential frequency-dependent dispersion measures", "PSR", "simultaneous observations", "frequency-dependent DMs", "DM", "\\", "the underlying magnetic field geometry" ]
[ "Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
28
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02082" ]
[ "Sharma, Shyam S.", "Hashimoto, Tetsuya", "Goto, Tomotsugu", "Yamasaki, Shotaro", "Ho, Simon C. -C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1968Natur.219..574C", "1968Natur.220..247L", "1969ApL.....3..225R", "1971MNRAS.155...51S", "1975ApJ...196...51R", "1977ARA&A..15..479R", "1985ApJ...288..221C", "1985rpa..book.....R", "1986A&A...163..114K", "1988MNRAS.234..477L", "1990ApJ...352..247R", "1991A&A...243..219G", "1991ApJ...370..643B", "1992ApJ...385..273P", "1992RSPTA.341..117T", "1995MNRAS.273..411L", "1997hsra.book..217S", "2001ApJ...555...31G", "2003A&A...412..473W", "2004MNRAS.353.1311H", "2004hpa..book.....L", "2005AJ....129.1993M", "2005MNRAS.357.1013A", "2006ApJ...642.1004V", "2006MNRAS.369..655H", "2007MNRAS.377..677A", "2011ApJ...741...48C", "2012A&A...543A..66H", "2012AR&T....9..237V", "2012ascl.soft10015H", "2014ApJ...790...93P", "2014MNRAS.443.3752L", "2016ApJ...817...16C", "2017JAI.....641011R", "2019A&A...624A..22D", "2019ApJ...871...34P", "2019ascl.soft08022Y", "2020A&A...644A.153D", "2022ApJ...930L..27K", "2022PASA...39...53T", "2023ApJ...951L...8A", "2024Univ...10..248M" ]
32525361
2501.02085
JOYS: The [D/H] abundance derived from protostellar outflows across the Galactic disk measured with JWST
The total deuterium abundance [D/H] in the universe is set by just two processes: the creation of deuterium in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis at an abundance of [D/H]$=2.58\pm0.13\times10^{-5}$, and its destruction within stellar interiors. Measurements of the total [D/H] abundance can potentially provide a probe of Galactic chemical evolution, however, most measurements of [D/H] are only sensitive to the gas-phase deuterium, and the amount of deuterium sequestered in carbonaceous dust grains is debated. With the launch of JWST, it is now possible to measure the gas-phase [D/H] at unprecedented sensitivity and distances through observation of mid-IR lines of H$_2$ and HD. We employ data from the JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS) program to measure the gas-phase [D/H] abundance with a rotation diagram analysis towards 5 nearby low-mass and 5 distant high-mass protostellar outflows. The gas-phase [D/H] varies between low-mass sources by up to a factor of $\sim4$, despite these sources likely having formed in a region of the Galactic disk that would be expected to have nearly constant total [D/H]. Most measurements of gas-phase [D/H] from our work or previous studies produce [D/H] $\lesssim 1.0\times10^{-5}$, a factor of $2-4$ lower than found from local UV absorption lines and as expected from Galactic chemical evolution models. The variations in [D/H] between our low-mass sources and the low [D/H] with respect to Galactic chemical evolution models suggest that our observations are not sensitive to the total [D/H]. Significant depletion of deuterium onto carbonaceous dust grains is a possible explanation, and tentative evidence of enhanced [D/H] towards shock positions with higher gas-phase Fe abundance is seen in the HH 211 outflow. Deeper observations of HD and H$_2$ in shocked environments and modelling of dust-grain destruction are warranted to test for the effects of depletion.
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12.743943
9.939998
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102085F
[ "Galactic chemical evolution", "Galactic chemical evolution models", "carbonaceous dust grains", "higher gas-phase Fe abundance", "deuterium", "mid-IR lines", "local UV absorption lines", "Galactic", "Deeper observations", "observation" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
41
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02085" ]
[ "Francis, L.", "van Dishoeck, E. F.", "Garatti, A. Caratti o", "van Gelder, M. L.", "Gieser, C.", "Beuther, H.", "Tychoniec, T. P. Ray L.", "Kavanagh, P. Nazari S. Reyes P. J.", "Klaassen, P.", "Güdel, M.", "Henning, T." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1976Natur.263..198E", "1977ApJ...211..108P", "1979ApJ...228..430P", "1983A&A...119..177T", "1987IAUS..120..311W", "1989ApJ...342..306H", "1996A&A...310..106P", "1996RPPh...59.1493S", "1998ApJ...502L.173V", "1998ApJ...506L..75N", "1999A&A...346..267B", "1999ApJ...515L..29W", "2000Natur.405.1025L", "2001ApJ...554.1044C", "2002A&A...388L..44P", "2002A&A...395..789C", "2003ApJ...586.1094H", "2003ApJ...599..297H", "2003MNRAS.346..295R", "2004ARA&A..42..119V", "2004ApJ...604..252P", "2005A&A...441..159N", "2006A&A...456..189P", "2006ASPC..348...58D", "2006ApJ...647.1106L", "2006ApJ...647L..33N", "2006ApJ...649..816N", "2006MNRAS.369..295R", "2008A&A...481..123G", "2008ARA&A..46..289T", "2009ApJ...700.1299J", "2010IAUS..268...59H", "2010IAUS..268..153T", "2010MNRAS.406.1108P", "2010PASJ...62..447T", "2011ApJ...726...76Y", "2011IAUS..280P.329G", "2011MNRAS.410.2540T", "2012ApJ...753..126Y", "2013ASPC..476..185B", "2013ApJ...779..141A", "2013RvMP...85.1021T", "2014ApJ...781...31C", "2014MNRAS.443..275A", "2014prpl.conf..859C", "2015A&A...573A..82C", "2015ApJ...814...52G", "2015PASP..127..266M", "2016A&C....16...41G", "2016ApJ...831..167M", "2016RvMP...88a5004C", "2018MNRAS.477...80V", "2019ApJ...885..114K", "2023A&A...673A.121B", "2023A&A...675A..86K", "2023A&A...679A.108G", "2023ApJ...946...34F", "2023JOSS....8.4774C", "2024A&A...685A..74P", "2024A&A...691A.134C", "2024ApJ...962L..16N", "2024RNAAS...8...68P", "2024arXiv241011095L" ]
32525358
2501.02096
Effects of Galaxy Cluster Structure on Lensed Transients
Strong gravitational lenses come in many forms, but are typically divided into two populations: galaxies, and groups and clusters of galaxies. When calculating the properties of the images we expect to see from these lenses, it is typically assumed that each lens is roughly a singular isothermal sphere. In reality, the largest objects in the Universe (i.e. galaxy clusters) are highly irregular and composed of many components due to a history of (or active) hierarchical mergers. In this work, we analyze the discrepancies in the observables of strongly lensed transients in both scenarios, namely relative magnifications, time delays, and image multiplicities. Focusing on gravitational waves, we compare the detection rates between the single spherical dark matter halo models found in the literature, and publicly available state-of-the-art cluster lens models. We find there to be approximately an order of magnitude fewer detection of strongly lensed transients in the realistic model case, likely caused by their loss of overall strong lensing optical depth. We also report detection rates in the weak lensing or single-image regime. Additionally, we find a systemic shift towards lower time delays between the brightest image pairs in the cases of the realistic models, as well as higher fractions of positive versus negative parity images, as seen elsewhere in the literature. This significant deviation in the joint relative magnification factor-time delay distribution will hinder the feasibility of the reconstruction of lenses through time domain transients alone, but can still provide a lower limit on the lens mass.
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12.624135
4.051879
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102096V
[ "lower time delays", "time domain transients", "time delays", "negative parity images", "overall strong lensing optical depth", "Strong gravitational lenses", "detection rates", "image multiplicities", "magnitude fewer detection", "many components" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology" ]
44
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02096" ]
[ "Vujeva, Luka", "María Ezquiaga, Jose", "Lo, Rico K. L.", "Chan, Juno C. L." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1985A&A...143..413S", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993ApJ...417..450K", "1994A&A...284..285K", "1996ApJ...471..643K", "1997ApJ...490..493N", "1999astro.ph..8213O", "2003ApJ...595.1039T", "2007MNRAS.379..190C", "2007NJPh....9..447J", "2007arXiv0710.5636E", "2009MNRAS.395.1319J", "2010A&A...524A..94S", "2010CQGra..27w3001B", "2013PhRvD..88d3502V", "2014ARA&A..52..415M", "2015ApJ...800...38G", "2015ApJ...813...21M", "2015CQGra..32b4001A", "2015CQGra..32g4001L", "2015Sci...347.1123K", "2017ApJ...850...49V", "2017CQGra..34d4001A", "2017Sci...356..291G", "2018PhR...730....1T", "2018PhRvD..97b3012N", "2019A&A...627A.130D", "2019ApJ...873..111I", "2019ApJ...874L...2H", "2019RPPh...82l6901O", "2020JCAP...03..050M", "2020MNRAS.495.3727R", "2020MNRAS.498.3395H", "2020PhRvD.102l4048E", "2021A&A...646A..83R", "2021ARA&A..59..247H", "2021ApJ...923...14A", "2021NatAs...5.1118R", "2021PTEP.2021eA101A", "2022A&A...662A.112E", "2022ApJ...929....9X", "2022Natur.603..815W", "2022Natur.611..256C", "2022TNSAN.169....1K", "2023A&A...672A...3D", "2023ApJ...957L..34W", "2023MNRAS.520..702S", "2023MNRAS.523.4568F", "2023MNRAS.526.3832J", "2023NatAs...7.1098G", "2023PhRvD.108j3529T", "2023PhRvD.108j3532S", "2023PhRvD.108l3543C", "2023PhRvX..13a1048A", "2024ApJ...961..171F", "2024ApJ...961..200W", "2024ApJ...967L..37P", "2024ApJ...970..191A", "2024ApJ...973...77G", "2024ApJ...974...23V", "2024SSRv..220...12S", "2024SSRv..220...19N", "2024arXiv240604398V", "2024arXiv240704052B", "2024arXiv240717547L", "2024arXiv240904606V", "2024arXiv241113640K" ]
32525383
2501.02103
Using LSDB to enable large-scale catalog distribution, cross-matching, and analytics
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will generate an unprecedented volume of data, including approximately 60 petabytes of raw data and around 30 trillion observed sources, posing a significant challenge for large-scale and end-user scientific analysis. As part of the LINCC Frameworks Project we are addressing these challenges with the development of the HATS (Hierarchical Adaptive Tiling Scheme) format and analysis package LSDB (Large Scale Database). HATS partitions data adaptively using a hierarchical tiling system to balance the file sizes, enabling efficient parallel analysis. Recent updates include improved metadata consistency, support for incremental updates, and enhanced compatibility with evolving datasets. LSDB complements HATS by providing a scalable, user-friendly interface for large catalog analysis, integrating spatial queries, crossmatching, and time-series tools while utilizing Dask for parallelization. We have successfully demonstrated the use of these tools with datasets such as ZTF and Pan-STARRS data releases on both cluster and cloud environments. We are deeply involved in several ongoing collaborations to ensure alignment with community needs, with future plans for IVOA standardization and support for upcoming Rubin, Euclid and Roman data. We provide our code and materials at lsdb.io.
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10.757642
4.42066
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102103C
[ "Pan-STARRS data releases", "large catalog analysis", "raw data", "data", "efficient parallel analysis", "LSDB complements HATS", "Large Scale Database", "Pan-STARRS", "incremental updates", "several ongoing collaborations" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
19
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02103" ]
[ "Caplar, Neven", "Beebe, Wilson", "Branton, Doug", "Campos, Sandro", "Connolly, Andrew", "DeLucchi, Melissa", "Jones, Derek", "Juric, Mario", "Kubica, Jeremy", "Malanchev, Konstantin", "Mandelbaum, Rachel", "McGuire, Sean" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "2019MNRAS.489..241M", "2019PASP..131a8002B", "2020ApJS..251....7F", "2021pdaa.book.....N" ]
32525386
2501.02108
Cross validation of albedo determination for 1627 Ivar from three different techniques
Near Earth Asteroids are of great interest to the scientific community due to their proximity to Earth, making them both potential hazards and possible targets for future missions, as they are relatively easy to reach by spacecraft. A number of techniques and models can be used to constrain their physical parameters and build a comprehensive assessment of these objects. In this work, we compare physical property results obtained from improved $H_V$ absolute magnitude values, thermophysical modeling, and polarimetry data for the well-known Amor-class NEO 1627 Ivar. We show that our fits for albedo are consistent with each other, thus demonstrating the validity of this cross-referencing approach, and propose a value for Ivar's albedo of $0.24^{+0.04}_{-0.02}$ . Future observations will extend this work to a larger sample size, increasing the reliability of polarimetry for rapid asteroid property characterization, as a technique independent of previously established methods and requiring significantly fewer observations.
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8.098645
16.59395
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102108S
[ "physical property results", "rapid asteroid property characterization", "polarimetry data", "Future observations", "future missions", "Earth Asteroids", "polarimetry", "great interest", "thermophysical modeling", "techniques" ]
[ "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
21
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02108" ]
[ "Selmi, Elena", "Devogèle, M.", "Masiero, J. R.", "Vega Santiago, N.", "Wright, E. L.", "Ferrais, M.", "Fernández-Valenzuela, E.", "Borisov, G.", "Bendjoya, Ph.", "Rivet, J. -P.", "Abe, L.", "Vernet, D.", "Cellino, A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
null
[ "1990AJ.....99.2012O", "1992Icar...99..468S", "1999Icar..140..464K", "2000KFNTS...3...13J", "2002ESASP.500..887K", "2004Icar..167..178K", "2007astro.ph..3085W", "2008ApJ...683L.199T", "2010AJ....140.1868W", "2010Icar..209..542M", "2011ApJ...736..100M", "2011ApJ...741...90M", "2011Icar..214..210M", "2012ApJ...749..104M", "2014ApJ...792...30M", "2015Icar..256..101H", "2015Icar..258...82K", "2015MNRAS.451.3473C", "2015MPBu...42..172W", "2015aste.book..151B", "2016AJ....152..163T", "2016MNRAS.455.2091C", "2017MNRAS.465.4335D", "2017SSRv..208....3W", "2017SSRv..212..925L", "2018AJ....156...60M", "2018MNRAS.479.3498D", "2018MNRAS.481L..49C", "2018PASP..130f4505T", "2019AJ....158...97M", "2019ipac.data...I1W", "2020PSJ.....1...15D", "2021AcAau.181..249X", "2021PSJ.....2...32M", "2021PSJ.....2..162M", "2022A&A...658A.158G", "2022A&A...665A..66B", "2022MNRAS.509.4128I", "2022MNRAS.514.4861K", "2023A&A...675A.134F", "2023LPICo2851.2590V", "2023PSJ.....4...56K", "2024PSJ.....5...18G", "2024PSJ.....5...44D", "2025Icar..42616366H" ]
32525385
2501.02109
Role of internal space correlations in the dynamics of a higher-dimensional Bianchi type-I universe: shear scalar and Hubble parameter perspectives
We investigate exact solutions of the Einstein field equations in higher-dimensional, spatially homogeneous Bianchi type-I spacetimes, introducing a real parameter $\lambda$ that correlates the expansion rates of external and internal spaces. Extending beyond Robertson--Walker spacetime, our approach includes positive and negative correlations, suggesting a broader and isotropic/anisotropic cosmological model space. Positively correlated dimensions manifest as a cosmological constant at late times, while at early times, they mimic stiff-fluid-like dark energy that dilutes faster than radiation, paralleling early dark energy models. This suggests a pathway for alleviating the Hubble tension by tailoring higher-dimensional dynamics to reduce the sound horizon. When anisotropic expansion is allowed, these models achieve isotropization more efficiently than predicted by Wald's cosmic no-hair theorem. Negative correlations, in contrast, yield a higher-dimensional steady-state universe where the shear scalar remains constant, effectively emulating a negative cosmological constant. These distinct behaviors arise from a simple signature change: positive correlation accelerates shear scalar decay, while negative correlation stabilizes it. We demonstrate that the solutions admit analytic continuation from the Lorentzian to Euclidean regime ($t \to -i\tau$), revealing a wormhole-like topology that connects two asymptotic regions via a throat, with $\lambda \to -\lambda$.
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10.359403
0.405456
2025-01-02
0
2025arXiv250102109K
[ "Negative correlations", "negative correlation", "early dark energy models", "positive correlation", "early times", "shear scalar decay", "exact solutions", "late times", "\\lambda \\to", "analytic continuation" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
16
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2501.02109" ]
[ "Katırcı, Nihan" ]
[ "-" ]
null
[ "1971PThPh..46.1560G", "1973ApJ...180..317C", "1988NuPhB.306..890G", "1988PhRvL..61..263L", "1990CQGra...7..955C", "1994NuPhB.429..177B", "1997PhRvD..55.7451B", "1999ASIC..541....1E", "2001LRR.....4....1C", "2003RvMP...75..559P", "2005pfc..book.....M", "2006JCAP...09..016G", "2006PhRvD..74d6004N", "2008cosm.book.....W", "2009pdp..book.....L", "2012reco.book.....E" ]