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1 | 90-93 | We shall
tentatively assume that this can be done and proceed If
a system contains two point charges q1 and q2, the total
charge of the system is obtained simply by adding
algebraically q1 and q2 , i e , charges add up like real numbers or they
are scalars like the mass of a body |
1 | 91-94 | If
a system contains two point charges q1 and q2, the total
charge of the system is obtained simply by adding
algebraically q1 and q2 , i e , charges add up like real numbers or they
are scalars like the mass of a body If a system contains n charges q1,
q2, q3, …, qn, then the total charge of the system is q1 + q2 + q3 + … + qn |
1 | 92-95 | e , charges add up like real numbers or they
are scalars like the mass of a body If a system contains n charges q1,
q2, q3, …, qn, then the total charge of the system is q1 + q2 + q3 + … + qn Charge has magnitude but no direction, similar to mass |
1 | 93-96 | , charges add up like real numbers or they
are scalars like the mass of a body If a system contains n charges q1,
q2, q3, …, qn, then the total charge of the system is q1 + q2 + q3 + … + qn Charge has magnitude but no direction, similar to mass However,
there is one difference between mass and charge |
1 | 94-97 | If a system contains n charges q1,
q2, q3, …, qn, then the total charge of the system is q1 + q2 + q3 + … + qn Charge has magnitude but no direction, similar to mass However,
there is one difference between mass and charge Mass of a body is
always positive whereas a charge can be either positive or negative |
1 | 95-98 | Charge has magnitude but no direction, similar to mass However,
there is one difference between mass and charge Mass of a body is
always positive whereas a charge can be either positive or negative Proper signs have to be used while adding the charges in a system |
1 | 96-99 | However,
there is one difference between mass and charge Mass of a body is
always positive whereas a charge can be either positive or negative Proper signs have to be used while adding the charges in a system For
example, the total charge of a system containing five charges +1, +2, –3,
+4 and –5, in some arbitrary unit, is (+1) + (+2) + (–3) + (+4) + (–5) = –1 in
the same unit |
1 | 97-100 | Mass of a body is
always positive whereas a charge can be either positive or negative Proper signs have to be used while adding the charges in a system For
example, the total charge of a system containing five charges +1, +2, –3,
+4 and –5, in some arbitrary unit, is (+1) + (+2) + (–3) + (+4) + (–5) = –1 in
the same unit 1 |
1 | 98-101 | Proper signs have to be used while adding the charges in a system For
example, the total charge of a system containing five charges +1, +2, –3,
+4 and –5, in some arbitrary unit, is (+1) + (+2) + (–3) + (+4) + (–5) = –1 in
the same unit 1 4 |
1 | 99-102 | For
example, the total charge of a system containing five charges +1, +2, –3,
+4 and –5, in some arbitrary unit, is (+1) + (+2) + (–3) + (+4) + (–5) = –1 in
the same unit 1 4 2 Charge is conserved
We have already hinted to the fact that when bodies are charged by
rubbing, there is transfer of electrons from one body to the other; no new
charges are either created or destroyed |
1 | 100-103 | 1 4 2 Charge is conserved
We have already hinted to the fact that when bodies are charged by
rubbing, there is transfer of electrons from one body to the other; no new
charges are either created or destroyed A picture of particles of electric
charge enables us to understand the idea of conservation of charge |
1 | 101-104 | 4 2 Charge is conserved
We have already hinted to the fact that when bodies are charged by
rubbing, there is transfer of electrons from one body to the other; no new
charges are either created or destroyed A picture of particles of electric
charge enables us to understand the idea of conservation of charge When
we rub two bodies, what one body gains in charge the other body loses |
1 | 102-105 | 2 Charge is conserved
We have already hinted to the fact that when bodies are charged by
rubbing, there is transfer of electrons from one body to the other; no new
charges are either created or destroyed A picture of particles of electric
charge enables us to understand the idea of conservation of charge When
we rub two bodies, what one body gains in charge the other body loses Within an isolated system consisting of many charged bodies, due to
interactions among the bodies, charges may get redistributed but it is
found that the total charge of the isolated system is always conserved |
1 | 103-106 | A picture of particles of electric
charge enables us to understand the idea of conservation of charge When
we rub two bodies, what one body gains in charge the other body loses Within an isolated system consisting of many charged bodies, due to
interactions among the bodies, charges may get redistributed but it is
found that the total charge of the isolated system is always conserved Conservation of charge has been established experimentally |
1 | 104-107 | When
we rub two bodies, what one body gains in charge the other body loses Within an isolated system consisting of many charged bodies, due to
interactions among the bodies, charges may get redistributed but it is
found that the total charge of the isolated system is always conserved Conservation of charge has been established experimentally It is not possible to create or destroy net charge carried by any isolated
system although the charge carrying particles may be created or destroyed
FIGURE 1 |
1 | 105-108 | Within an isolated system consisting of many charged bodies, due to
interactions among the bodies, charges may get redistributed but it is
found that the total charge of the isolated system is always conserved Conservation of charge has been established experimentally It is not possible to create or destroy net charge carried by any isolated
system although the charge carrying particles may be created or destroyed
FIGURE 1 2 Electroscopes: (a)
The gold leaf electroscope, (b)
Schematics of a simple
electroscope |
1 | 106-109 | Conservation of charge has been established experimentally It is not possible to create or destroy net charge carried by any isolated
system although the charge carrying particles may be created or destroyed
FIGURE 1 2 Electroscopes: (a)
The gold leaf electroscope, (b)
Schematics of a simple
electroscope Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
5
in a process |
1 | 107-110 | It is not possible to create or destroy net charge carried by any isolated
system although the charge carrying particles may be created or destroyed
FIGURE 1 2 Electroscopes: (a)
The gold leaf electroscope, (b)
Schematics of a simple
electroscope Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
5
in a process Sometimes nature creates charged particles: a neutron turns
into a proton and an electron |
1 | 108-111 | 2 Electroscopes: (a)
The gold leaf electroscope, (b)
Schematics of a simple
electroscope Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
5
in a process Sometimes nature creates charged particles: a neutron turns
into a proton and an electron The proton and electron thus created have
equal and opposite charges and the total charge is zero before and after
the creation |
1 | 109-112 | Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
5
in a process Sometimes nature creates charged particles: a neutron turns
into a proton and an electron The proton and electron thus created have
equal and opposite charges and the total charge is zero before and after
the creation 1 |
1 | 110-113 | Sometimes nature creates charged particles: a neutron turns
into a proton and an electron The proton and electron thus created have
equal and opposite charges and the total charge is zero before and after
the creation 1 4 |
1 | 111-114 | The proton and electron thus created have
equal and opposite charges and the total charge is zero before and after
the creation 1 4 3 Quantisation of charge
Experimentally it is established that all free charges are integral multiples
of a basic unit of charge denoted by e |
1 | 112-115 | 1 4 3 Quantisation of charge
Experimentally it is established that all free charges are integral multiples
of a basic unit of charge denoted by e Thus charge q on a body is always
given by
q = ne
where n is any integer, positive or negative |
1 | 113-116 | 4 3 Quantisation of charge
Experimentally it is established that all free charges are integral multiples
of a basic unit of charge denoted by e Thus charge q on a body is always
given by
q = ne
where n is any integer, positive or negative This basic unit of charge is
the charge that an electron or proton carries |
1 | 114-117 | 3 Quantisation of charge
Experimentally it is established that all free charges are integral multiples
of a basic unit of charge denoted by e Thus charge q on a body is always
given by
q = ne
where n is any integer, positive or negative This basic unit of charge is
the charge that an electron or proton carries By convention, the charge
on an electron is taken to be negative; therefore charge on an electron is
written as –e and that on a proton as +e |
1 | 115-118 | Thus charge q on a body is always
given by
q = ne
where n is any integer, positive or negative This basic unit of charge is
the charge that an electron or proton carries By convention, the charge
on an electron is taken to be negative; therefore charge on an electron is
written as –e and that on a proton as +e The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed
as quantisation of charge |
1 | 116-119 | This basic unit of charge is
the charge that an electron or proton carries By convention, the charge
on an electron is taken to be negative; therefore charge on an electron is
written as –e and that on a proton as +e The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed
as quantisation of charge There are a large number of situations in physics
where certain physical quantities are quantised |
1 | 117-120 | By convention, the charge
on an electron is taken to be negative; therefore charge on an electron is
written as –e and that on a proton as +e The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed
as quantisation of charge There are a large number of situations in physics
where certain physical quantities are quantised The quantisation of charge
was first suggested by the experimental laws of electrolysis discovered by
English experimentalist Faraday |
1 | 118-121 | The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed
as quantisation of charge There are a large number of situations in physics
where certain physical quantities are quantised The quantisation of charge
was first suggested by the experimental laws of electrolysis discovered by
English experimentalist Faraday It was experimentally demonstrated by
Millikan in 1912 |
1 | 119-122 | There are a large number of situations in physics
where certain physical quantities are quantised The quantisation of charge
was first suggested by the experimental laws of electrolysis discovered by
English experimentalist Faraday It was experimentally demonstrated by
Millikan in 1912 In the International System (SI) of Units, a unit of charge is called a
coulomb and is denoted by the symbol C |
1 | 120-123 | The quantisation of charge
was first suggested by the experimental laws of electrolysis discovered by
English experimentalist Faraday It was experimentally demonstrated by
Millikan in 1912 In the International System (SI) of Units, a unit of charge is called a
coulomb and is denoted by the symbol C A coulomb is defined in terms
the unit of the electric current which you are going to learn in a
subsequent chapter |
1 | 121-124 | It was experimentally demonstrated by
Millikan in 1912 In the International System (SI) of Units, a unit of charge is called a
coulomb and is denoted by the symbol C A coulomb is defined in terms
the unit of the electric current which you are going to learn in a
subsequent chapter In terms of this definition, one coulomb is the charge
flowing through a wire in 1 s if the current is 1 A (ampere), (see Chapter 1
of Class XI, Physics Textbook , Part I) |
1 | 122-125 | In the International System (SI) of Units, a unit of charge is called a
coulomb and is denoted by the symbol C A coulomb is defined in terms
the unit of the electric current which you are going to learn in a
subsequent chapter In terms of this definition, one coulomb is the charge
flowing through a wire in 1 s if the current is 1 A (ampere), (see Chapter 1
of Class XI, Physics Textbook , Part I) In this system, the value of the
basic unit of charge is
e = 1 |
1 | 123-126 | A coulomb is defined in terms
the unit of the electric current which you are going to learn in a
subsequent chapter In terms of this definition, one coulomb is the charge
flowing through a wire in 1 s if the current is 1 A (ampere), (see Chapter 1
of Class XI, Physics Textbook , Part I) In this system, the value of the
basic unit of charge is
e = 1 602192 × 10–19 C
Thus, there are about 6 × 1018 electrons in a charge of –1C |
1 | 124-127 | In terms of this definition, one coulomb is the charge
flowing through a wire in 1 s if the current is 1 A (ampere), (see Chapter 1
of Class XI, Physics Textbook , Part I) In this system, the value of the
basic unit of charge is
e = 1 602192 × 10–19 C
Thus, there are about 6 × 1018 electrons in a charge of –1C In
electrostatics, charges of this large magnitude are seldom encountered
and hence we use smaller units 1 mC (micro coulomb) = 10–6 C or 1 mC
(milli coulomb) = 10–3 C |
1 | 125-128 | In this system, the value of the
basic unit of charge is
e = 1 602192 × 10–19 C
Thus, there are about 6 × 1018 electrons in a charge of –1C In
electrostatics, charges of this large magnitude are seldom encountered
and hence we use smaller units 1 mC (micro coulomb) = 10–6 C or 1 mC
(milli coulomb) = 10–3 C If the protons and electrons are the only basic charges in the
universe, all the observable charges have to be integral multiples of e |
1 | 126-129 | 602192 × 10–19 C
Thus, there are about 6 × 1018 electrons in a charge of –1C In
electrostatics, charges of this large magnitude are seldom encountered
and hence we use smaller units 1 mC (micro coulomb) = 10–6 C or 1 mC
(milli coulomb) = 10–3 C If the protons and electrons are the only basic charges in the
universe, all the observable charges have to be integral multiples of e Thus, if a body contains n1 electrons and n2 protons, the total amount
of charge on the body is n2 × e + n1 × (–e) = (n2 – n1) e |
1 | 127-130 | In
electrostatics, charges of this large magnitude are seldom encountered
and hence we use smaller units 1 mC (micro coulomb) = 10–6 C or 1 mC
(milli coulomb) = 10–3 C If the protons and electrons are the only basic charges in the
universe, all the observable charges have to be integral multiples of e Thus, if a body contains n1 electrons and n2 protons, the total amount
of charge on the body is n2 × e + n1 × (–e) = (n2 – n1) e Since n1 and n2
are integers, their difference is also an integer |
1 | 128-131 | If the protons and electrons are the only basic charges in the
universe, all the observable charges have to be integral multiples of e Thus, if a body contains n1 electrons and n2 protons, the total amount
of charge on the body is n2 × e + n1 × (–e) = (n2 – n1) e Since n1 and n2
are integers, their difference is also an integer Thus the charge on any
body is always an integral multiple of e and can be increased or
decreased also in steps of e |
1 | 129-132 | Thus, if a body contains n1 electrons and n2 protons, the total amount
of charge on the body is n2 × e + n1 × (–e) = (n2 – n1) e Since n1 and n2
are integers, their difference is also an integer Thus the charge on any
body is always an integral multiple of e and can be increased or
decreased also in steps of e The step size e is, however, very small because at the macroscopic
level, we deal with charges of a few mC |
1 | 130-133 | Since n1 and n2
are integers, their difference is also an integer Thus the charge on any
body is always an integral multiple of e and can be increased or
decreased also in steps of e The step size e is, however, very small because at the macroscopic
level, we deal with charges of a few mC At this scale the fact that charge of
a body can increase or decrease in units of e is not visible |
1 | 131-134 | Thus the charge on any
body is always an integral multiple of e and can be increased or
decreased also in steps of e The step size e is, however, very small because at the macroscopic
level, we deal with charges of a few mC At this scale the fact that charge of
a body can increase or decrease in units of e is not visible In this respect,
the grainy nature of the charge is lost and it appears to be continuous |
1 | 132-135 | The step size e is, however, very small because at the macroscopic
level, we deal with charges of a few mC At this scale the fact that charge of
a body can increase or decrease in units of e is not visible In this respect,
the grainy nature of the charge is lost and it appears to be continuous This situation can be compared with the geometrical concepts of points
and lines |
1 | 133-136 | At this scale the fact that charge of
a body can increase or decrease in units of e is not visible In this respect,
the grainy nature of the charge is lost and it appears to be continuous This situation can be compared with the geometrical concepts of points
and lines A dotted line viewed from a distance appears continuous to
us but is not continuous in reality |
1 | 134-137 | In this respect,
the grainy nature of the charge is lost and it appears to be continuous This situation can be compared with the geometrical concepts of points
and lines A dotted line viewed from a distance appears continuous to
us but is not continuous in reality As many points very close to
Rationalised 2023-24
6
Physics
EXAMPLE 1 |
1 | 135-138 | This situation can be compared with the geometrical concepts of points
and lines A dotted line viewed from a distance appears continuous to
us but is not continuous in reality As many points very close to
Rationalised 2023-24
6
Physics
EXAMPLE 1 2
EXAMPLE 1 |
1 | 136-139 | A dotted line viewed from a distance appears continuous to
us but is not continuous in reality As many points very close to
Rationalised 2023-24
6
Physics
EXAMPLE 1 2
EXAMPLE 1 1
each other normally give an impression of a continuous line, many
small charges taken together appear as a continuous charge distribution |
1 | 137-140 | As many points very close to
Rationalised 2023-24
6
Physics
EXAMPLE 1 2
EXAMPLE 1 1
each other normally give an impression of a continuous line, many
small charges taken together appear as a continuous charge distribution At the macroscopic level, one deals with charges that are enormous
compared to the magnitude of charge e |
1 | 138-141 | 2
EXAMPLE 1 1
each other normally give an impression of a continuous line, many
small charges taken together appear as a continuous charge distribution At the macroscopic level, one deals with charges that are enormous
compared to the magnitude of charge e Since e = 1 |
1 | 139-142 | 1
each other normally give an impression of a continuous line, many
small charges taken together appear as a continuous charge distribution At the macroscopic level, one deals with charges that are enormous
compared to the magnitude of charge e Since e = 1 6 × 10–19 C, a charge
of magnituOde, say 1 mC, contains something like 1013 times the electronic
charge |
1 | 140-143 | At the macroscopic level, one deals with charges that are enormous
compared to the magnitude of charge e Since e = 1 6 × 10–19 C, a charge
of magnituOde, say 1 mC, contains something like 1013 times the electronic
charge At this scale, the fact that charge can increase or decrease only in
units of e is not very different from saying that charge can take continuous
values |
1 | 141-144 | Since e = 1 6 × 10–19 C, a charge
of magnituOde, say 1 mC, contains something like 1013 times the electronic
charge At this scale, the fact that charge can increase or decrease only in
units of e is not very different from saying that charge can take continuous
values Thus, at the macroscopic level, the quantisation of charge has no
practical consequence and can be ignored |
1 | 142-145 | 6 × 10–19 C, a charge
of magnituOde, say 1 mC, contains something like 1013 times the electronic
charge At this scale, the fact that charge can increase or decrease only in
units of e is not very different from saying that charge can take continuous
values Thus, at the macroscopic level, the quantisation of charge has no
practical consequence and can be ignored However, at the microscopic
level, where the charges involved are of the order of a few tens or hundreds
of e, i |
1 | 143-146 | At this scale, the fact that charge can increase or decrease only in
units of e is not very different from saying that charge can take continuous
values Thus, at the macroscopic level, the quantisation of charge has no
practical consequence and can be ignored However, at the microscopic
level, where the charges involved are of the order of a few tens or hundreds
of e, i e |
1 | 144-147 | Thus, at the macroscopic level, the quantisation of charge has no
practical consequence and can be ignored However, at the microscopic
level, where the charges involved are of the order of a few tens or hundreds
of e, i e , they can be counted, they appear in discrete lumps and
quantisation of charge cannot be ignored |
1 | 145-148 | However, at the microscopic
level, where the charges involved are of the order of a few tens or hundreds
of e, i e , they can be counted, they appear in discrete lumps and
quantisation of charge cannot be ignored It is the magnitude of scale
involved that is very important |
1 | 146-149 | e , they can be counted, they appear in discrete lumps and
quantisation of charge cannot be ignored It is the magnitude of scale
involved that is very important Example 1 |
1 | 147-150 | , they can be counted, they appear in discrete lumps and
quantisation of charge cannot be ignored It is the magnitude of scale
involved that is very important Example 1 1 If 109 electrons move out of a body to another body
every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 C
on the other body |
1 | 148-151 | It is the magnitude of scale
involved that is very important Example 1 1 If 109 electrons move out of a body to another body
every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 C
on the other body Solution In one second 109 electrons move out of the body |
1 | 149-152 | Example 1 1 If 109 electrons move out of a body to another body
every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 C
on the other body Solution In one second 109 electrons move out of the body Therefore
the charge given out in one second is 1 |
1 | 150-153 | 1 If 109 electrons move out of a body to another body
every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 C
on the other body Solution In one second 109 electrons move out of the body Therefore
the charge given out in one second is 1 6 × 10–19 × 109 C = 1 |
1 | 151-154 | Solution In one second 109 electrons move out of the body Therefore
the charge given out in one second is 1 6 × 10–19 × 109 C = 1 6 × 10–10 C |
1 | 152-155 | Therefore
the charge given out in one second is 1 6 × 10–19 × 109 C = 1 6 × 10–10 C The time required to accumulate a charge of 1 C can then be estimated
to be 1 C ÷ (1 |
1 | 153-156 | 6 × 10–19 × 109 C = 1 6 × 10–10 C The time required to accumulate a charge of 1 C can then be estimated
to be 1 C ÷ (1 6 × 10–10 C/s) = 6 |
1 | 154-157 | 6 × 10–10 C The time required to accumulate a charge of 1 C can then be estimated
to be 1 C ÷ (1 6 × 10–10 C/s) = 6 25 × 109 s = 6 |
1 | 155-158 | The time required to accumulate a charge of 1 C can then be estimated
to be 1 C ÷ (1 6 × 10–10 C/s) = 6 25 × 109 s = 6 25 × 109 ÷ (365 × 24 ×
3600) years = 198 years |
1 | 156-159 | 6 × 10–10 C/s) = 6 25 × 109 s = 6 25 × 109 ÷ (365 × 24 ×
3600) years = 198 years Thus to collect a charge of one coulomb,
from a body from which 109 electrons move out every second, we will
need approximately 200 years |
1 | 157-160 | 25 × 109 s = 6 25 × 109 ÷ (365 × 24 ×
3600) years = 198 years Thus to collect a charge of one coulomb,
from a body from which 109 electrons move out every second, we will
need approximately 200 years One coulomb is, therefore, a very large
unit for many practical purposes |
1 | 158-161 | 25 × 109 ÷ (365 × 24 ×
3600) years = 198 years Thus to collect a charge of one coulomb,
from a body from which 109 electrons move out every second, we will
need approximately 200 years One coulomb is, therefore, a very large
unit for many practical purposes It is, however, also important to know what is roughly the number of
electrons contained in a piece of one cubic centimetre of a material |
1 | 159-162 | Thus to collect a charge of one coulomb,
from a body from which 109 electrons move out every second, we will
need approximately 200 years One coulomb is, therefore, a very large
unit for many practical purposes It is, however, also important to know what is roughly the number of
electrons contained in a piece of one cubic centimetre of a material A cubic piece of copper of side 1 cm contains about 2 |
1 | 160-163 | One coulomb is, therefore, a very large
unit for many practical purposes It is, however, also important to know what is roughly the number of
electrons contained in a piece of one cubic centimetre of a material A cubic piece of copper of side 1 cm contains about 2 5 × 1024
electrons |
1 | 161-164 | It is, however, also important to know what is roughly the number of
electrons contained in a piece of one cubic centimetre of a material A cubic piece of copper of side 1 cm contains about 2 5 × 1024
electrons Example 1 |
1 | 162-165 | A cubic piece of copper of side 1 cm contains about 2 5 × 1024
electrons Example 1 2 How much positive and negative charge is there in a
cup of water |
1 | 163-166 | 5 × 1024
electrons Example 1 2 How much positive and negative charge is there in a
cup of water Solution Let us assume that the mass of one cup of water is
250 g |
1 | 164-167 | Example 1 2 How much positive and negative charge is there in a
cup of water Solution Let us assume that the mass of one cup of water is
250 g The molecular mass of water is 18g |
1 | 165-168 | 2 How much positive and negative charge is there in a
cup of water Solution Let us assume that the mass of one cup of water is
250 g The molecular mass of water is 18g Thus, one mole
(= 6 |
1 | 166-169 | Solution Let us assume that the mass of one cup of water is
250 g The molecular mass of water is 18g Thus, one mole
(= 6 02 × 1023 molecules) of water is 18 g |
1 | 167-170 | The molecular mass of water is 18g Thus, one mole
(= 6 02 × 1023 molecules) of water is 18 g Therefore the number of
molecules in one cup of water is (250/18) × 6 |
1 | 168-171 | Thus, one mole
(= 6 02 × 1023 molecules) of water is 18 g Therefore the number of
molecules in one cup of water is (250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 |
1 | 169-172 | 02 × 1023 molecules) of water is 18 g Therefore the number of
molecules in one cup of water is (250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 Each molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, i |
1 | 170-173 | Therefore the number of
molecules in one cup of water is (250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 Each molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, i e |
1 | 171-174 | 02 × 1023 Each molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, i e , 10 electrons and 10 protons |
1 | 172-175 | Each molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, i e , 10 electrons and 10 protons Hence the total positive and
total negative charge has the same magnitude |
1 | 173-176 | e , 10 electrons and 10 protons Hence the total positive and
total negative charge has the same magnitude It is equal to
(250/18) × 6 |
1 | 174-177 | , 10 electrons and 10 protons Hence the total positive and
total negative charge has the same magnitude It is equal to
(250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 × 10 × 1 |
1 | 175-178 | Hence the total positive and
total negative charge has the same magnitude It is equal to
(250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 × 10 × 1 6 × 10–19 C = 1 |
1 | 176-179 | It is equal to
(250/18) × 6 02 × 1023 × 10 × 1 6 × 10–19 C = 1 34 × 107 C |
1 | 177-180 | 02 × 1023 × 10 × 1 6 × 10–19 C = 1 34 × 107 C 1 |
1 | 178-181 | 6 × 10–19 C = 1 34 × 107 C 1 5 COULOMB’S LAW
Coulomb’s law is a quantitative statement about the force between two
point charges |
1 | 179-182 | 34 × 107 C 1 5 COULOMB’S LAW
Coulomb’s law is a quantitative statement about the force between two
point charges When the linear size of charged bodies are much smaller
than the distance separating them, the size may be ignored and the
charged bodies are treated as point charges |
1 | 180-183 | 1 5 COULOMB’S LAW
Coulomb’s law is a quantitative statement about the force between two
point charges When the linear size of charged bodies are much smaller
than the distance separating them, the size may be ignored and the
charged bodies are treated as point charges Coulomb measured the
force between two point charges and found that it varied inversely as
the square of the distance between the charges and was directly
proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and
Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
7
acted along the line joining the two charges |
1 | 181-184 | 5 COULOMB’S LAW
Coulomb’s law is a quantitative statement about the force between two
point charges When the linear size of charged bodies are much smaller
than the distance separating them, the size may be ignored and the
charged bodies are treated as point charges Coulomb measured the
force between two point charges and found that it varied inversely as
the square of the distance between the charges and was directly
proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and
Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
7
acted along the line joining the two charges Thus, if two
point charges q1, q2 are separated by a distance r in vacuum,
the magnitude of the force (F) between them is given by
2
1
2
q
q
F
k
r
=
(1 |
1 | 182-185 | When the linear size of charged bodies are much smaller
than the distance separating them, the size may be ignored and the
charged bodies are treated as point charges Coulomb measured the
force between two point charges and found that it varied inversely as
the square of the distance between the charges and was directly
proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and
Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
7
acted along the line joining the two charges Thus, if two
point charges q1, q2 are separated by a distance r in vacuum,
the magnitude of the force (F) between them is given by
2
1
2
q
q
F
k
r
=
(1 1)
How did Coulomb arrive at this law from his experiments |
1 | 183-186 | Coulomb measured the
force between two point charges and found that it varied inversely as
the square of the distance between the charges and was directly
proportional to the product of the magnitude of the two charges and
Rationalised 2023-24
Electric Charges
and Fields
7
acted along the line joining the two charges Thus, if two
point charges q1, q2 are separated by a distance r in vacuum,
the magnitude of the force (F) between them is given by
2
1
2
q
q
F
k
r
=
(1 1)
How did Coulomb arrive at this law from his experiments Coulomb used a torsion balance* for measuring the force
between two charged metallic spheres |
1 | 184-187 | Thus, if two
point charges q1, q2 are separated by a distance r in vacuum,
the magnitude of the force (F) between them is given by
2
1
2
q
q
F
k
r
=
(1 1)
How did Coulomb arrive at this law from his experiments Coulomb used a torsion balance* for measuring the force
between two charged metallic spheres When the separation
between two spheres is much larger than the radius of each
sphere, the charged spheres may be regarded as point charges |
1 | 185-188 | 1)
How did Coulomb arrive at this law from his experiments Coulomb used a torsion balance* for measuring the force
between two charged metallic spheres When the separation
between two spheres is much larger than the radius of each
sphere, the charged spheres may be regarded as point charges However, the charges on the spheres were unknown, to begin
with |
1 | 186-189 | Coulomb used a torsion balance* for measuring the force
between two charged metallic spheres When the separation
between two spheres is much larger than the radius of each
sphere, the charged spheres may be regarded as point charges However, the charges on the spheres were unknown, to begin
with How then could he discover a relation like Eq |
1 | 187-190 | When the separation
between two spheres is much larger than the radius of each
sphere, the charged spheres may be regarded as point charges However, the charges on the spheres were unknown, to begin
with How then could he discover a relation like Eq (1 |
1 | 188-191 | However, the charges on the spheres were unknown, to begin
with How then could he discover a relation like Eq (1 1) |
1 | 189-192 | How then could he discover a relation like Eq (1 1) Coulomb thought of the following simple way: Suppose the
charge on a metallic sphere is q |
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