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1
1290-1293
7 (a) An electrostatic field line is a continuous curve That is, a field line cannot have sudden breaks Why not (b) Explain why two field lines never cross each other at any point
1
1291-1294
That is, a field line cannot have sudden breaks Why not (b) Explain why two field lines never cross each other at any point 1
1
1292-1295
Why not (b) Explain why two field lines never cross each other at any point 1 8 Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum
1
1293-1296
(b) Explain why two field lines never cross each other at any point 1 8 Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum (a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges
1
1294-1297
1 8 Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum (a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges (b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1
1
1295-1298
8 Two point charges qA = 3 mC and qB = –3 mC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum (a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges (b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1 5 × 10–9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced by the test charge
1
1296-1299
(a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges (b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1 5 × 10–9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced by the test charge 1
1
1297-1300
(b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1 5 × 10–9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced by the test charge 1 9 A system has two charges qA = 2
1
1298-1301
5 × 10–9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced by the test charge 1 9 A system has two charges qA = 2 5 × 10–7 C and qB = –2
1
1299-1302
1 9 A system has two charges qA = 2 5 × 10–7 C and qB = –2 5 × 10–7 C located at points A: (0, 0, –15 cm) and B: (0,0, +15 cm), respectively
1
1300-1303
9 A system has two charges qA = 2 5 × 10–7 C and qB = –2 5 × 10–7 C located at points A: (0, 0, –15 cm) and B: (0,0, +15 cm), respectively What are the total charge and electric dipole moment of the system
1
1301-1304
5 × 10–7 C and qB = –2 5 × 10–7 C located at points A: (0, 0, –15 cm) and B: (0,0, +15 cm), respectively What are the total charge and electric dipole moment of the system 1
1
1302-1305
5 × 10–7 C located at points A: (0, 0, –15 cm) and B: (0,0, +15 cm), respectively What are the total charge and electric dipole moment of the system 1 10 An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10–9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 NC–1
1
1303-1306
What are the total charge and electric dipole moment of the system 1 10 An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10–9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 NC–1 Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole
1
1304-1307
1 10 An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10–9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 NC–1 Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole 1
1
1305-1308
10 An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10–9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 NC–1 Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole 1 11 A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3 × 10–7 C
1
1306-1309
Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole 1 11 A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3 × 10–7 C (a) Estimate the number of electrons transferred (from which to which
1
1307-1310
1 11 A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3 × 10–7 C (a) Estimate the number of electrons transferred (from which to which ) (b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to polythene
1
1308-1311
11 A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of 3 × 10–7 C (a) Estimate the number of electrons transferred (from which to which ) (b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to polythene 1
1
1309-1312
(a) Estimate the number of electrons transferred (from which to which ) (b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to polythene 1 12 (a) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm
1
1310-1313
) (b) Is there a transfer of mass from wool to polythene 1 12 (a) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6
1
1311-1314
1 12 (a) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6 5 × 10–7 C
1
1312-1315
12 (a) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6 5 × 10–7 C The radii of A and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation
1
1313-1316
What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6 5 × 10–7 C The radii of A and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation (b) What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged double the above amount, and the distance between them is halved
1
1314-1317
5 × 10–7 C The radii of A and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation (b) What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged double the above amount, and the distance between them is halved 1
1
1315-1318
The radii of A and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation (b) What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged double the above amount, and the distance between them is halved 1 13 Figure 1
1
1316-1319
(b) What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged double the above amount, and the distance between them is halved 1 13 Figure 1 30 shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electrostatic field
1
1317-1320
1 13 Figure 1 30 shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electrostatic field Give the signs of the three charges
1
1318-1321
13 Figure 1 30 shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electrostatic field Give the signs of the three charges Which particle has the highest charge to mass ratio
1
1319-1322
30 shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electrostatic field Give the signs of the three charges Which particle has the highest charge to mass ratio Rationalised 2023-24 Electric Charges and Fields 43 FIGURE 1
1
1320-1323
Give the signs of the three charges Which particle has the highest charge to mass ratio Rationalised 2023-24 Electric Charges and Fields 43 FIGURE 1 30 1
1
1321-1324
Which particle has the highest charge to mass ratio Rationalised 2023-24 Electric Charges and Fields 43 FIGURE 1 30 1 14 Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C
1
1322-1325
Rationalised 2023-24 Electric Charges and Fields 43 FIGURE 1 30 1 14 Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C (a) What is the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane
1
1323-1326
30 1 14 Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C (a) What is the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane (b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with the x-axis
1
1324-1327
14 Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C (a) What is the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane (b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with the x-axis 1
1
1325-1328
(a) What is the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the yz plane (b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with the x-axis 1 15 What is the net flux of the uniform electric field of Exercise 1
1
1326-1329
(b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60° angle with the x-axis 1 15 What is the net flux of the uniform electric field of Exercise 1 14 through a cube of side 20 cm oriented so that its faces are parallel to the coordinate planes
1
1327-1330
1 15 What is the net flux of the uniform electric field of Exercise 1 14 through a cube of side 20 cm oriented so that its faces are parallel to the coordinate planes 1
1
1328-1331
15 What is the net flux of the uniform electric field of Exercise 1 14 through a cube of side 20 cm oriented so that its faces are parallel to the coordinate planes 1 16 Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward flux through the surface of the box is 8
1
1329-1332
14 through a cube of side 20 cm oriented so that its faces are parallel to the coordinate planes 1 16 Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward flux through the surface of the box is 8 0 × 103 Nm2/C
1
1330-1333
1 16 Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward flux through the surface of the box is 8 0 × 103 Nm2/C (a) What is the net charge inside the box
1
1331-1334
16 Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward flux through the surface of the box is 8 0 × 103 Nm2/C (a) What is the net charge inside the box (b) If the net outward flux through the surface of the box were zero, could you conclude that there were no charges inside the box
1
1332-1335
0 × 103 Nm2/C (a) What is the net charge inside the box (b) If the net outward flux through the surface of the box were zero, could you conclude that there were no charges inside the box Why or Why not
1
1333-1336
(a) What is the net charge inside the box (b) If the net outward flux through the surface of the box were zero, could you conclude that there were no charges inside the box Why or Why not 1
1
1334-1337
(b) If the net outward flux through the surface of the box were zero, could you conclude that there were no charges inside the box Why or Why not 1 17 A point charge +10 mC is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10 cm, as shown in Fig
1
1335-1338
Why or Why not 1 17 A point charge +10 mC is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10 cm, as shown in Fig 1
1
1336-1339
1 17 A point charge +10 mC is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10 cm, as shown in Fig 1 31
1
1337-1340
17 A point charge +10 mC is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10 cm, as shown in Fig 1 31 What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square
1
1338-1341
1 31 What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square (Hint: Think of the square as one face of a cube with edge 10 cm
1
1339-1342
31 What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square (Hint: Think of the square as one face of a cube with edge 10 cm ) FIGURE 1
1
1340-1343
What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square (Hint: Think of the square as one face of a cube with edge 10 cm ) FIGURE 1 31 1
1
1341-1344
(Hint: Think of the square as one face of a cube with edge 10 cm ) FIGURE 1 31 1 18 A point charge of 2
1
1342-1345
) FIGURE 1 31 1 18 A point charge of 2 0 mC is at the centre of a cubic Gaussian surface 9
1
1343-1346
31 1 18 A point charge of 2 0 mC is at the centre of a cubic Gaussian surface 9 0 cm on edge
1
1344-1347
18 A point charge of 2 0 mC is at the centre of a cubic Gaussian surface 9 0 cm on edge What is the net electric flux through the surface
1
1345-1348
0 mC is at the centre of a cubic Gaussian surface 9 0 cm on edge What is the net electric flux through the surface 1
1
1346-1349
0 cm on edge What is the net electric flux through the surface 1 19 A point charge causes an electric flux of –1
1
1347-1350
What is the net electric flux through the surface 1 19 A point charge causes an electric flux of –1 0 × 103 Nm2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian surface of 10
1
1348-1351
1 19 A point charge causes an electric flux of –1 0 × 103 Nm2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian surface of 10 0 cm radius centred on the charge
1
1349-1352
19 A point charge causes an electric flux of –1 0 × 103 Nm2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian surface of 10 0 cm radius centred on the charge (a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled, how much flux would pass through the surface
1
1350-1353
0 × 103 Nm2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian surface of 10 0 cm radius centred on the charge (a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled, how much flux would pass through the surface (b) What is the value of the point charge
1
1351-1354
0 cm radius centred on the charge (a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled, how much flux would pass through the surface (b) What is the value of the point charge 1
1
1352-1355
(a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled, how much flux would pass through the surface (b) What is the value of the point charge 1 20 A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge
1
1353-1356
(b) What is the value of the point charge 1 20 A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge If the electric field 20 cm from the centre of the sphere is 1
1
1354-1357
1 20 A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge If the electric field 20 cm from the centre of the sphere is 1 5 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere
1
1355-1358
20 A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge If the electric field 20 cm from the centre of the sphere is 1 5 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere Rationalised 2023-24 44 Physics 1
1
1356-1359
If the electric field 20 cm from the centre of the sphere is 1 5 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere Rationalised 2023-24 44 Physics 1 21 A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2
1
1357-1360
5 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere Rationalised 2023-24 44 Physics 1 21 A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2 4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80
1
1358-1361
Rationalised 2023-24 44 Physics 1 21 A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2 4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80 0 mC/m2
1
1359-1362
21 A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 2 4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80 0 mC/m2 (a) Find the charge on the sphere
1
1360-1363
4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80 0 mC/m2 (a) Find the charge on the sphere (b) What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere
1
1361-1364
0 mC/m2 (a) Find the charge on the sphere (b) What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere 1
1
1362-1365
(a) Find the charge on the sphere (b) What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere 1 22 An infinite line charge produces a field of 9 × 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm
1
1363-1366
(b) What is the total electric flux leaving the surface of the sphere 1 22 An infinite line charge produces a field of 9 × 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm Calculate the linear charge density
1
1364-1367
1 22 An infinite line charge produces a field of 9 × 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm Calculate the linear charge density 1
1
1365-1368
22 An infinite line charge produces a field of 9 × 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm Calculate the linear charge density 1 23 Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other
1
1366-1369
Calculate the linear charge density 1 23 Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17
1
1367-1370
1 23 Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17 0 × 10–22 C/m2
1
1368-1371
23 Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17 0 × 10–22 C/m2 What is E: (a) in the outer region of the first plate, (b) in the outer region of the second plate, and (c) between the plates
1
1369-1372
On their inner faces, the plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17 0 × 10–22 C/m2 What is E: (a) in the outer region of the first plate, (b) in the outer region of the second plate, and (c) between the plates Rationalised 2023-24 2
1
1370-1373
0 × 10–22 C/m2 What is E: (a) in the outer region of the first plate, (b) in the outer region of the second plate, and (c) between the plates Rationalised 2023-24 2 1 INTRODUCTION In Chapters 6 and 8 (Class XI), the notion of potential energy was introduced
1
1371-1374
What is E: (a) in the outer region of the first plate, (b) in the outer region of the second plate, and (c) between the plates Rationalised 2023-24 2 1 INTRODUCTION In Chapters 6 and 8 (Class XI), the notion of potential energy was introduced When an external force does work in taking a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets stored as potential energy of the body
1
1372-1375
Rationalised 2023-24 2 1 INTRODUCTION In Chapters 6 and 8 (Class XI), the notion of potential energy was introduced When an external force does work in taking a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets stored as potential energy of the body When the external force is removed, the body moves, gaining kinetic energy and losing an equal amount of potential energy
1
1373-1376
1 INTRODUCTION In Chapters 6 and 8 (Class XI), the notion of potential energy was introduced When an external force does work in taking a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets stored as potential energy of the body When the external force is removed, the body moves, gaining kinetic energy and losing an equal amount of potential energy The sum of kinetic and potential energies is thus conserved
1
1374-1377
When an external force does work in taking a body from a point to another against a force like spring force or gravitational force, that work gets stored as potential energy of the body When the external force is removed, the body moves, gaining kinetic energy and losing an equal amount of potential energy The sum of kinetic and potential energies is thus conserved Forces of this kind are called conservative forces
1
1375-1378
When the external force is removed, the body moves, gaining kinetic energy and losing an equal amount of potential energy The sum of kinetic and potential energies is thus conserved Forces of this kind are called conservative forces Spring force and gravitational force are examples of conservative forces
1
1376-1379
The sum of kinetic and potential energies is thus conserved Forces of this kind are called conservative forces Spring force and gravitational force are examples of conservative forces Coulomb force between two (stationary) charges is also a conservative force
1
1377-1380
Forces of this kind are called conservative forces Spring force and gravitational force are examples of conservative forces Coulomb force between two (stationary) charges is also a conservative force This is not surprising, since both have inverse-square dependence on distance and differ mainly in the proportionality constants – the masses in the gravitational law are replaced by charges in Coulomb’s law
1
1378-1381
Spring force and gravitational force are examples of conservative forces Coulomb force between two (stationary) charges is also a conservative force This is not surprising, since both have inverse-square dependence on distance and differ mainly in the proportionality constants – the masses in the gravitational law are replaced by charges in Coulomb’s law Thus, like the potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field, we can define electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field
1
1379-1382
Coulomb force between two (stationary) charges is also a conservative force This is not surprising, since both have inverse-square dependence on distance and differ mainly in the proportionality constants – the masses in the gravitational law are replaced by charges in Coulomb’s law Thus, like the potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field, we can define electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field Consider an electrostatic field E due to some charge configuration
1
1380-1383
This is not surprising, since both have inverse-square dependence on distance and differ mainly in the proportionality constants – the masses in the gravitational law are replaced by charges in Coulomb’s law Thus, like the potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field, we can define electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field Consider an electrostatic field E due to some charge configuration First, for simplicity, consider the field E due to a charge Q placed at the origin
1
1381-1384
Thus, like the potential energy of a mass in a gravitational field, we can define electrostatic potential energy of a charge in an electrostatic field Consider an electrostatic field E due to some charge configuration First, for simplicity, consider the field E due to a charge Q placed at the origin Now, imagine that we bring a test charge q from a point R to a point P against the repulsive force on it due to the charge Q
1
1382-1385
Consider an electrostatic field E due to some charge configuration First, for simplicity, consider the field E due to a charge Q placed at the origin Now, imagine that we bring a test charge q from a point R to a point P against the repulsive force on it due to the charge Q With reference Chapter Two ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 46 to Fig
1
1383-1386
First, for simplicity, consider the field E due to a charge Q placed at the origin Now, imagine that we bring a test charge q from a point R to a point P against the repulsive force on it due to the charge Q With reference Chapter Two ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 46 to Fig 2
1
1384-1387
Now, imagine that we bring a test charge q from a point R to a point P against the repulsive force on it due to the charge Q With reference Chapter Two ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 46 to Fig 2 1, this will happen if Q and q are both positive or both negative
1
1385-1388
With reference Chapter Two ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE Rationalised 2023-24 Physics 46 to Fig 2 1, this will happen if Q and q are both positive or both negative For definiteness, let us take Q, q > 0
1
1386-1389
2 1, this will happen if Q and q are both positive or both negative For definiteness, let us take Q, q > 0 Two remarks may be made here
1
1387-1390
1, this will happen if Q and q are both positive or both negative For definiteness, let us take Q, q > 0 Two remarks may be made here First, we assume that the test charge q is so small that it does not disturb the original configuration, namely the charge Q at the origin (or else, we keep Q fixed at the origin by some unspecified force)
1
1388-1391
For definiteness, let us take Q, q > 0 Two remarks may be made here First, we assume that the test charge q is so small that it does not disturb the original configuration, namely the charge Q at the origin (or else, we keep Q fixed at the origin by some unspecified force) Second, in bringing the charge q from R to P, we apply an external force Fext just enough to counter the repulsive electric force FE (i
1
1389-1392
Two remarks may be made here First, we assume that the test charge q is so small that it does not disturb the original configuration, namely the charge Q at the origin (or else, we keep Q fixed at the origin by some unspecified force) Second, in bringing the charge q from R to P, we apply an external force Fext just enough to counter the repulsive electric force FE (i e, Fext= –FE)