Datasets:

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lemon-mint

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GBaker-MedQA-USMLE-4-options-Korean

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[ "case-control study", "conducted to investigate", "association", "use phenytoin", "pregnancy", "women", "epilepsy", "risk", "congenital malformations", "odds ratio", "congenital malformations", "newborns born", "women", "treatment", "phenytoin", "1 74", "P", "0.02", "compared", "newborns", "women", "not treated with phenytoin", "following 95", "confidence intervals", "most likely reported", "association" ]

[ "5 year old boy presents", "altered mental status", "difficulty breathing", "past couple", "hours", "patients father", "mechanic", "boy", "ingested", "unknown amount", "fluid", "patients vital signs", "temperature", "98", "F", "pulse", "min", "blood pressure 98", "mm Hg", "respiratory rate", "min", "physical examination", "cardiopulmonary auscultation reveals deep", "rapid", "wheezing", "rhonchi", "crepitations", "ABG reveals", "blood pH to", "7.2", "anion gap", "mEq/L", "Urinalysis reveals", "presence of oxalate crystals", "following", "most appropriate antidote", "poison", "patient", "ingested" ]

[ "year old man", "HIV", "physician", "of multiple lesions", "chest", "lower extremities", "lesions", "increased in size", "not painful", "Current medications include abacavir", "dolutegravir", "lamivudine", "photograph", "lesions", "shown", "CD4", "lymphocyte count", "450 mm3", "normal", "500 mm3", "skin biopsy shows multiple spindle shaped cells", "lymphocytic infiltrate", "following", "most appropriate pharmacotherapy" ]

[ "year old man presents", "office", "itchy patch", "torso", "appeared one week", "patient", "college wrestling team", "concerned", "not", "able to", "gets infected", "significant medical history", "vital signs", "normal limits", "examination", "erythematous", "scaly plaque", "central clearing", "approximately", "level", "rib 6", "left side", "torso", "diagnostic test", "most appropriate", "time" ]

[ "65-year-old man", "significant medical history begins to", "memory loss", "personality changes", "Rapidly", "next", "months", "symptoms increase", "severity", "experiences", "rapid mental deterioration associated with sudden", "jerking movements", "response", "gait disturbances", "well", "coma", "approximately ten months", "onset", "symptoms", "following", "most likely", "seen", "autopsy", "brain", "patient" ]

[ "year old woman", "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "brought", "emergency department", "husband", "2-day history", "profound fatigue", "generalized weakness", "One week", "increased", "basal", "of inadequate control", "glucose", "Neurologic examination shows hyporeflexia", "ECG shows T-wave flattening", "diffuse ST-segment depression", "following changes", "most likely to occur", "patient's kidneys" ]

[ "newborn male", "evaluated", "hospital nursery 24 hours after birth", "cyanosis", "patient", "born", "weeks gestation", "36 year old gravida 3", "cesarean section", "fetal distress", "patients mother received inconsistent prenatal care", "delivery", "uncomplicated", "patients Apgar evaluation", "notable", "acrocyanosis", "1", "5 minutes", "life", "patients mother denies", "family history of congenital heart disease", "patients father", "past medical", "one", "patients older siblings", "recently diagnosed", "autism spectrum disorder", "patients birth weight", "g", "0 oz", "hospital nursery", "temperature", "99", "4C", "blood pressure", "66", "mmHg", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "physical exam", "patient", "moderate distress", "low-set ears", "orbital hypertelorism", "cleft palate", "patient", "cyanotic", "chest CT shows thymic hypoplasia", "Echocardiography demonstrates", "single vessel", "right", "left ventricle", "patient", "evaluated", "following acute complications" ]

[ "29 year old woman", "physician", "of intermittent episodes", "sharp chest pain", "palpitations", "appears nervous", "pulse", "min", "irregular", "blood pressure", "mmHg", "Examination shows", "fine", "hands", "digital swelling", "extremities", "warm", "retraction of", "right upper eyelid", "following", "most appropriate next step", "management", "patient" ]

[ "23 year old female", "found", "roommate", "dormitory", "patient", "history of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus", "binge drinking", "night prior", "friends", "local", "patient", "brought", "emergency department", "vital signs", "follow", "T 97 3 F", "BP", "68 mmHg", "RR", "100", "RA", "physical exam", "patient", "clammy", "touch", "mucous membranes", "drowsy", "disoriented", "Finger stick glucose", "mg/dL", "additional lab work reveals", "Na", "K", "5.6 Cl", "99 HCO3", "Cr", "0.74", "Arterial Blood Gas reveals", "pH 7", "PCO2", "PO2", "following statements", "correct", "patient's electrolyte", "acid/base status" ]

[ "36 year old man", "admitted", "hospital", "1-day history", "epigastric pain", "vomiting", "similar episodes of epigastric pain", "past", "drinks", "oz", "vodka daily", "Five", "admission", "patient", "aspiration pneumonia", "sepsis", "appropriate therapy", "patient", "autopsy", "pancreas appears gray", "enlarged", "nodular", "Microscopic examination", "pancreas shows localized deposits", "calcium", "finding", "most similar", "adaptive change", "occur", "following conditions" ]

[ "year old patient", "evaluated", "involuntary movements", "difficulty swallowing food", "personality change", "entered", "clinical trial", "studying", "interaction", "certain", "patients", "similar", "n trinucleotide repeat disorders", "laboratory results", "candidates", "clinical trial", "presented", "Acetylcholine", "Dopamine", "Gamma-aminobutyric acid", "Norepinephrine unchanged Serotonin unchanged", "disorder", "likely represents", "diagnosis", "patient" ]

[ "65-year-old man", "hypertension", "physician", "routine health maintenance examination", "Current medications include atenolol", "lisinopril", "atorvastatin", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "blood pressure", "95 mm Hg", "Cardiac examination", "shown", "following", "most likely cause", "physical examination finding" ]

[ "55 year old man presents", "hospital", "chief complaints of unintentional weight loss", "anorexia", "fever", "sweating", "patient", "pleuritic chest pain", "progressive dyspnea", "dry cough", "history", "orthopnea", "paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea", "examination", "patient", "afebrile", "pericardial friction rub", "noted", "ECG shows diffuse ST-segment elevation", "V1 V4", "T wave inversion", "Chest X-ray", "CT scan show anterior", "inferior pericardial eggshell", "Echocardiography reveals thickened pericardium", "signs", "diastolic right ventricular collapse", "Pericardial fluid", "sent", "Ziehl-Neelsen staining to detect acid-fast bacilli", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "detected", "PCR", "most likely mechanism associated with", "patients condition" ]

[ "month old infant", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "brought", "emergency department", "parents", "1-day history", "fever", "cough", "difficulty breathing", "born", "29 weeks of gestation", "routine immunizations", "date", "currently", "4th percentile", "length", "2nd percentile", "weight", "appears ill", "temperature", "Physical examination shows diffuse wheezing", "subcostal retractions", "bluish discoloration of", "fingertips", "Administration", "following", "most likely", "prevented", "patient's current condition" ]

[ "62 year old woman", "receiving amoxicillin", "acute sinusitis", "days", "macular", "neck", "back", "torso", "amoxicillin", "changed to cephalexin", "additional week", "rash resolves", "returns", "fatigue", "flank pain", "fever", "resolution", "sinusitis", "history of essential hypertension", "hyperlipidemia", "gastric reflux", "stable regimen", "lisinopril", "simvastatin", "omeprazole", "Today", "vital signs reveal", "temperature", "100", "blood pressure", "90 mm Hg", "regular pulse 75 min", "respirations", "min", "physical examination", "unremarkable", "Serum urea", "creatinine", "elevated", "Urinalysis shows leukocyturia", "urine bacterial", "negative", "urine", "stained", "Hansels solution reveals 3", "binucleated cells", "eosinophilic", "granular cytoplasm", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "61 year old man", "history of stage IIIa lung adenocarcinoma", "treated with wedge resection", "chemotherapy presents", "primary care clinic", "asymptomatic", "demonstrates", "persistent microcytic", "iron supplementation", "Colonoscopy performed 3 years earlier", "unremarkable", "past medical history", "significant", "diabetes mellitus type II", "hypertension", "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "child", "hypercholesterolemia", "currently smokes 1 pack", "cigarettes", "day", "drinks", "glass", "day", "currently denies", "illicit drug use", "vital signs include", "temperature", "36", "98", "blood pressure", "74 mm Hg", "heart rate", "87 min", "respiratory rate", "min", "physical examination", "pulses", "bounding", "complexion", "pale", "breath sounds", "clear", "Oxygen saturation", "initially", "room air", "new oxygen requirement", "2", "nasal cannula", "following lab values", "suggest anemia of chronic disease", "underlying etiology" ]

[ "62 year old woman presents", "physician", "painless breast", "left", "past", "months", "swelling", "one day", "thought", "resolve", "slowly increasing in size", "physical examination", "breasts", "physician notes", "single non-tender", "hard", "fixed nodule", "left breast", "ultrasonogram", "breast shows", "solid mass", "fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirms", "mass to", "lobular carcinoma of the breast", "patient", "prognosis", "physician", "prognosis", "best determined", "grading", "staging", "tumor", "Based", "current diagnostic information", "physician", "only grade", "stage", "neoplasm", "following facts", "neoplasm", "currently available", "physician" ]

[ "67 year old woman", "fallen", "second level", "home", "hanging laundry", "brought", "emergency department immediately", "presented", "severe abdominal", "patient", "anxious", "hands", "feet feel very cold to", "touch", "evidence of bone fractures", "superficial skin", "foreign body penetration", "blood pressure", "67 mm Hg", "respirations", "min", "pulse", "87 min", "temperature", "36", "98", "abdominal exam reveals rigidity", "severe tenderness", "Foley catheter", "nasogastric tube", "inserted", "central venous pressure", "5 cm H2O", "medical history", "significant", "hypertension", "following", "best indicated", "evaluation", "patient" ]

[ "74 year old female", "brought", "emergency department", "2-week history", "increasing weakness", "chills", "notes difficulty breathing", "three days", "Eight weeks", "left hemicolectomy", "adenocarcinoma of the colon", "severe urinary tract infection", "treated", "intensive care unit", "four days", "discharged from", "hospital three weeks", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "osteoporosis", "lumbar pain", "hypertension", "atrial fibrillation", "smoked one pack", "cigarettes daily", "50 years", "not drink alcohol", "never used illicit drugs", "Current medications include warfarin", "metformin", "lisinopril", "aspirin", "appears lethargic", "large conjunctival hemorrhage", "left eye", "temperature", "3C", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "blood pressure", "mm Hg", "Cardiac auscultation reveals", "new holosystolic murmur", "apex", "Abdominal examination shows mild", "diffuse tenderness", "upper quadrants", "well healed", "paramedian scar", "multiple tender nodules", "palmar surface of", "fingertips", "Funduscopic examination shows retinal hemorrhages", "pale centers", "ECG shows atrial fibrillation", "right bundle branch block", "following", "most likely underlying etiology", "patient's condition" ]

[ "61 year old woman presents", "physician", "persistent cough", "unable to control", "cough", "finding", "difficult to", "cough", "persistent", "months now", "2 weeks", "started", "streaks", "blood", "sputum", "coughing", "course", "months", "observed", "unusual loss", "10 kg", "weight", "unchanged appetite", "active", "makes", "suspicious", "cause of", "weight loss", "concern", "couple", "past", "weeks", "observed", "sweat", "wakes up", "morning", "35 pack-year smoking history", "medical history", "sent", "chest X-ray", "shows", "central nodule", "mm", "hilar region", "following", "next best step", "management", "patient" ]

[ "2 year old boy", "brought", "emergency department", "parents", "found", "to", "lethargic", "febrile", "current symptoms started 1 week", "initially consisted", "sore throat", "runny nose", "fever", "productive cough", "worse", "time", "patient", "presented", "pneumonia", "gastroenteritis", "times", "born", "presentation", "patient's temperature", "4C", "blood pressure", "90 50 mmHg", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "Based", "clinical suspicion", "antibody panel", "obtained", "results show low levels", "IgA relative to", "level", "IgM", "expression", "following genes", "most likely abnormal", "patient" ]

[ "71 year old man", "emergency department", "2 month history", "severe muscle cramps", "back pain", "homeless", "not visited", "physician", "past 20 years", "6 ft 0", "tall", "62 kg", "BMI", "kg/m2", "blood pressure", "88 mm Hg", "Physical examination shows pallor", "multiple cutaneous excoriations", "decreased sensation", "lower extremities", "Serum studies show", "Calcium", "mg/dL Phosphorus", "Glucose", "Creatinine", "x-ray of", "spine shows alternating sclerotic", "radiolucent bands", "lumbar", "thoracic vertebral bodies", "following", "most likely explanation", "findings" ]

[ "23 year old woman presents", "primary care physician", "knee pain", "patient states", "started", "worsening", "recently", "volleyball team to", "to get", "shape", "informed", "weight loss", "last physical exam", "states", "pivoting", "twisting", "knee", "playing volleyball", "patient", "past medical polycystic ovarian syndrome", "currently taking oral contraceptive pills", "temperature", "98", "36", "blood pressure", "88 mmHg", "pulse", "90 min", "respirations", "min", "oxygen saturation", "98", "room air", "Physical exam reveals", "obese woman", "facial hair", "Physical exam", "notable", "tenderness", "mediated", "palpation", "medial aspect", "tibia", "inferior", "patella", "BMI", "kg/m", "rest", "exam", "lower extremity", "not", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "year old woman", "physician", "week history", "fatigue", "low-grade fever", "history", "serious illness", "bicuspid aortic valve", "diagnosed 10 years", "not use illicit drugs", "temperature", "99 9F", "Physical examination shows petechiae", "fingernails", "multiple tender", "red nodules on", "fingers", "new grade 6 diastolic murmur", "heard", "right second intercostal space", "following", "most likely causal organism" ]

[ "year old man", "rushed", "emergency department", "motor vehicle accident", "patient states", "feels weakness", "numbness in", "legs", "reports pain", "lower back", "airway", "breathing", "circulation", "intact", "conversational", "Neurologic exam", "significant", "bilateral lower extremity flaccid paralysis", "impaired pain", "temperature sensation", "T10 T11", "normal", "computerized tomography scan", "spine", "performed", "shows", "vertebral burst fracture", "body", "level", "T11", "following findings", "most likely present", "patient" ]

[ "58 year old obese woman presents", "painless postmenopausal bleeding", "past", "days", "recent endometrial biopsy confirmed endometrial cancer", "patient", "scheduled", "total abdominal hysterectomy", "bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy", "Past medical history", "significant", "stress incontinence", "diabetes mellitus type 2", "Menarche", "age", "menopause", "age 55", "patient", "4 healthy", "uncomplicated", "formula fed", "Current medications", "topical estrogen", "metformin", "Family history", "significant", "breast cancer", "grandmother", "age 80", "following aspects", "patients history", "associated with", "decreased risk of breast cancer" ]

[ "middle-aged homeless man", "found lying unresponsive", "streets", "police", "rushed", "emergency department", "vital signs include", "blood pressure", "80 mm Hg", "pulse rate 100 min", "respirations 10/min", "shallow", "physical examination", "extremities", "cold", "clammy", "Pupils", "constricted", "non-reactive", "blood glucose", "55 mg/dL", "IV access", "established immediately", "administration", "dextrose", "naloxone", "half", "hour", "patient", "fully conscious", "alert", "responsive", "denies", "medical illnesses", "hospitalizations", "surgeries", "past", "Physical examination reveals injection track marks", "arms", "admits", "use of cocaine", "heroin", "smokes cigarettes", "alcohol", "vital signs", "now stable", "urine sample", "sent", "toxicology screening", "following", "most likely cause", "patients respiratory depression" ]

[ "year old female", "history of hypertension presents", "outpatient clinic", "numbness", "tingling", "right", "slowly worsening", "months", "using", "splint", "receives minimal relief", "analyst", "large consulting firm", "spends most", "workday", "computer", "examination", "patient", "prominent jaw", "hands appear", "large", "temperature", "99 deg F", "blood pressure", "72 mmHg", "pulse", "87 min", "respirations", "min", "fasting basic metabolic panel shows", "Na", "mEq/L", "K", "4.1 mEq/L", "Cl", "mEq/L", "CO2", "mEq/L", "mg/dL", "Cr", "0.8 mg/dL", "Glucose", "mg/dL", "following tests", "most helpful", "underlying diagnosis" ]

[ "year old woman", "rushed", "emergency department", "father", "found", "collapsed", "bedroom 15 minutes", "ambulance's arrival", "empty bottle", "clomipramine", "bedroom", "mother takes", "depression", "Vital signs include", "following", "respiratory rate", "min", "pulse", "min", "blood pressure 100 60 mm Hg", "physical examination", "patient", "unresponsive", "vocal", "tactile stimuli", "Oral mucosa", "tongue", "dry", "bladder", "palpable", "electrocardiogram", "shows widening", "QRS complexes", "following", "best course", "treatment", "patient" ]

[ "3 year old girl", "brought", "physician", "30 year old mother", "reports", "daughter", "passing multiple foul-smelling", "bulky stools", "flatulence", "day", "6 months", "girl", "born in Guatemala", "birth", "parents moved to", "United States so", "access better healthcare", "pregnancy", "mother", "little prenatal care", "labor", "delivery", "newborn", "significant abdominal distention immediately at birth", "increased", "ate", "yawned", "failed to pass stool", "first 24 hours", "life", "black vomitus", "parents report similar symptoms", "family members", "diagnosis", "girl", "procedure", "symptoms", "remission", "abdominal X-ray", "see", "first image", "barium contrast", "second image", "born", "shown", "blood pressure", "100 68 mm Hg", "heart rate", "96 min", "respiratory rate", "min", "temperature", "36", "98", "girl", "percentile", "height", "weight", "physical exam", "periumbilical", "tenderness", "palpation", "rebound tenderness", "guarding", "slight genu varum deformity", "bony tenderness noted", "legs", "smelling", "23 times", "visit", "reflex", "intact", "decreased fecal elastase", "negative", "xylose test", "following", "most appropriate long-term treatment", "condition" ]

[ "60 year old", "multiparous", "woman", "physician", "of urinary leakage", "past", "months", "small amount", "urine", "experiencing", "sudden", "painful sensation", "bladder", "wakes up", "night", "times to", "sometimes", "make", "bathroom", "time", "diabetes mellitus type 2 controlled", "insulin", "history", "pelvic organ prolapse", "surgical", "years", "Menopause", "years", "drinks 4-5 cups of coffee daily", "Pelvic examination shows", "abnormalities", "Q test", "negative", "Ultrasound", "bladder shows", "normal postvoid residual", "following", "underlying cause of", "patient's urinary incontinence" ]

[ "35 year old woman", "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "emergency department", "evaluation", "month history", "fever", "fatigue", "loss of appetite", "3.6 kg", "weight loss", "cough", "months", "reports recent loss of pubic hair", "patient", "Philippines", "weeks", "mother", "systemic lupus erythematosus", "never smoked", "not drink alcohol", "only medication", "insulin", "sometimes misses doses", "5 ft 5", "tall", "kg", "BMI", "kg/m2", "appears lethargic", "temperature", "pulse", "58 min", "blood pressure", "90 60 mm Hg", "Examination shows decreased sensation", "touch", "vibration", "feet", "examination shows", "abnormalities", "Serum studies show", "Na", "mEq/L", "100", "5", "Glucose", "mg dL Albumin", "g dL Cortisol", "ACTH", "pg/mL", "N 527 pg/mL", "CT scan", "abdomen", "contrast shows bilateral", "enlargement", "following", "most likely underlying mechanism", "patient", "ymptoms?" ]

[ "year old man", "brought", "emergency department following", "episode of loss", "consciousness", "hour", "finished", "fell", "wife heard", "noise", "found", "unconscious", "floor", "regained consciousness", "30 seconds", "able to talk", "wife immediately", "urinary incontinence", "arrival", "alert", "oriented", "Cardiopulmonary examination shows", "abnormalities", "Neurologic examination shows", "focal findings", "Serum", "glucose", "creatinine", "electrolytes", "reference range", "electrocardiogram shows", "abnormalities", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "3000", "female newborn", "delivered", "term", "23 year old primigravid woman", "mother", "prenatal care", "Immunization records", "not available", "Cardiac examination shows", "continuous heart murmur", "several", "macules", "skin", "not blanch", "pressure", "Slit lamp examination shows cloudy lenses", "eyes", "newborn", "not pass", "auditory screening", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "A group", "investigators conducted", "randomized controlled trial to compare", "effectiveness", "rivaroxaban", "warfarin", "ischemic", "patients", "atrial fibrillation", "total", "participants", "enrolled", "one half", "assigned", "cohorts", "patients", "followed", "years", "conclusion", "trial", "incidence", "ischemic stroke", "participants taking rivaroxaban", "1.7", "compared", "participants taking warfarin", "hazard ratio", "calculated", "0", "95", "confidence interval", "reported", "0.64", "0 97", "study", "conducted", "total", "participants", "following changes", "most", "expected" ]

[ "48 year old woman", "physician", "evaluation", "left breast mass", "4 weeks", "rapidly increased in size", "period", "Vital signs", "normal limits", "Examination shows large dense breasts", "nontender", "multinodular mass", "palpated", "upper outer quadrant of", "left breast", "changes in", "skin", "nipple", "palpable cervical", "axillary adenopathy", "Mammography shows", "smooth", "mass", "image", "biopsy specimen", "shown", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "investigator", "studying obesity", "mice", "course", "2 weeks", "mice", "experimental group receive", "daily injection", "synthetic analog of", "endogenous hormone", "Compared", "control group", "hormone-injected mice eat", "gain", "weight", "following", "most likely explanation", "observed weight gain", "experimental group" ]

[ "year old man presents", "emergency department", "pain", "swelling", "left", "past", "hours", "traveled", "Los Angeles", "days", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "10 years", "takes metformin", "smoked", "pack", "cigarettes daily", "years", "temperature", "36", "98 4F", "blood pressure", "90 mm Hg", "pulse", "90 min", "examination", "left calf", "5", "greater", "circumference", "right", "left leg appears more erythematous", "right", "dilated superficial", "duplex ultrasound shows non compressibility", "following best represents", "mechanism", "patients illness" ]

[ "man returns home late", "night to find", "year old son", "40 year old wife unconscious", "family room", "immediately", "emergency services", "field", "pulse oximetry shows oxygen", "100", "patients", "100", "appear cyanotic", "patients", "provided", "oxygen by", "nasal cannula", "hospital", "arterial blood gas", "performed", "teenager", "reveals pH", "7 35", "31", "mm Hg", "PaO2", "mm Hg", "HCO3", "20 mEq/L", "80", "COHb", "most likely cause", "condition" ]

[ "year old research assistant", "brought", "emergency department", "severe chemical burns 30 minutes", "spilling hydrochloric acid", "burns cover", "hands", "forearms", "temperature", "98", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "20 min", "blood pressure", "mm Hg", "Initial stabilization", "resuscitation", "begun", "including respiratory support", "fluid resuscitation", "cardiovascular stabilization", "burned skin", "irrigated", "saline water to remove", "chemical agent", "following", "most appropriate method to verify adequate fluid infusion", "patient" ]

[ "61 year old female", "congestive heart failure", "type 2 diabetes", "brought", "emergency room", "husband", "altered mental status", "states", "helps", "compliant", "medications", "days", "physical exam", "temperature", "BP 85 55", "Serum glucose", "500 mg/dL", "following", "first step", "management", "patient" ]

[ "27 year old", "recovering", "hospital", "postpartum day 3", "low transverse", "section", "morning rounds", "reports", "pus", "discharge", "shaking chills overnight", "increased uterine cramping compared", "day", "postpartum course", "well healing incision", "normal vaginal bleeding", "patients prenatal care", "complicated", "HIV", "recent viral load", "400 copies/mL", "type I diabetes well controlled", "insulin", "history of herpes simplex virus encephalitis", "first child", "not", "genital lesions", "recent pregnancy", "Four days", "presented", "obstetric triage unit", "spontaneous rupture of membranes", "onset of labor", "made slow cervical change", "reached full dilation", "hours", "limited fetal descent", "Cephalopelvic disproportion", "felt to", "reason", "arrest", "descent", "prophylactic", "administered", "C-section", "performed", "vaginal hand", "required to", "head", "pelvis", "healthy baby boy", "delivered", "postpartum day 3", "temperature", "blood pressure", "mmHg", "pulse", "100 min", "respirations", "min", "incision looks clean", "dry", "mild suprapubic tenderness", "yellow discharge tinged", "blood", "seen", "pad", "following", "most significant risk factor", "patients presentation" ]

[ "year old man", "physician", "fatigue", "shortness of breath", "moderate exertion", "past", "months", "past 10 days", "low-grade fevers", "night sweats", "history", "serious illness", "bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years", "smoked one pack", "cigarettes daily", "10 years", "drinks 35 beers", "social occasions", "not use illicit drugs", "patient takes", "medications", "appears weak", "temperature", "99 9F", "pulse", "70 min", "blood pressure", "64 mm Hg", "lungs", "clear", "auscultation", "grade", "6 systolic murmur", "heard best", "right sternal border", "second intercostal space", "several hemorrhages", "fingernails", "hands", "multiple tender", "red nodules on", "fingers", "following", "most likely causal organism" ]

[ "year old man presents", "emergency department", "motor vehicle collision", "front", "driver", "head", "collision", "temperature", "99", "3C", "blood pressure", "90 65 mmHg", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "oxygen saturation", "100", "room air", "Physical exam", "notable", "young man", "opens", "eyes", "looking", "answers questions", "inappropriate responses", "discernible words", "withdraws", "pain", "not", "purposeful movement", "following", "patients Glasgow coma scale" ]

[ "year old Caucasian female presents", "ER", "fever", "sharp pain", "chest", "coughing", "inhalation", "Three weeks earlier", "presented", "rheumatologist", "butterfly rash", "joint pain", "fatigue", "given", "diagnosis", "systemic lupus erythematosus", "friction rub", "present", "physical exam", "following", "most suspect", "patient" ]

[ "year old man", "history of alcoholism", "upper endoscopy", "reveals", "superficial mucosal tear", "distal esophagus", "Laboratory results show", "metabolic alkalosis", "most likely mechanism", "acid base disturbance", "patient" ]

[ "60 year old man", "physician", "flank pain", "rash", "blood urine", "1 day", "Two months", "started", "hydrochlorothiazide", "hypertension", "takes acetaminophen", "back pain", "Examination shows", "generalized", "diffuse maculopapular rash", "Serum studies show", "creatinine concentration", "3.0 mg/dL", "Renal ultrasonography shows", "abnormalities", "following findings", "most likely to", "observed", "patient" ]

[ "Nucleic acid amplification testing", "first void urine confirms infection", "Chlamydia trachomatis", "Treatment", "appropriate pharmacotherapy", "started", "following health maintenance recommendations", "most appropriate", "time" ]

[ "year old boy presents", "new patient", "practice", "conducting", "physical exam", "observe", "findings", "following additional findings", "most likely", "found", "patient" ]

[ "investigator", "studies virology obtains", "biopsy", "ulcer base of", "active genital", "viral culture", "virions", "herpes simplex virions", "different phenotype", "human epithelial in vitro", "progeny viruses", "found to", "phenotypes", "parent strains", "Sequencing", "progeny viruses shows", "genomes", "material", "parent strains", "findings", "best", "following terms" ]

[ "year old man", "rushed", "emergency room", "constant", "severe right lower abdominal pain", "started 7 hours", "periumbilical region", "later shifted to the right lower quadrant", "gradual increase", "intensity", "patients blood pressure", "80 mm Hg", "heart rate", "76 min", "respiratory rate", "min", "temperature", "99.5", "physical examination shows tenderness", "muscle guarding", "rebound", "right lower quadrant", "abdomen", "sonography shows", "dilated appendix", "fluid collection", "diagnosed", "acute appendicitis", "laparoscopic appendectomy", "histopathologic examination", "removed appendix", "shown", "image", "following substances", "responsible", "marked cells", "inflamed tissue" ]

[ "65 year old man presents", "primary care physician", "pre-operative evaluation", "scheduled", "cataract", "3 weeks", "past medical history", "notable", "diabetes", "hypertension", "severe osteoarthritis of", "right knee", "medications include metformin", "hydrochlorothiazide", "lisinopril", "aspirin", "surgeon ordered blood work", "month", "showed a hemoglobin", "2 g dL", "INR", "hemoglobin A1c", "vital signs", "time", "visit show BP", "70 mmHg", "Pulse", "80", "T", "current complaints", "eager", "surgery", "following", "most appropriate course", "action", "patient", "time" ]

[ "year old African female refugee", "granted asylum", "Sweden", "living", "past month", "arrived", "Sweden", "her 2 month old infant", "breast feeds", "following deficiencies", "infant most likely to" ]

[ "A 10 year old girl", "brought", "emergency department", "mother 30 minutes", "seizure", "mother woke", "morning", "girl's entire body", "started shaking vigorously", "minutes", "mother", "reports", "past", "months", "daughter", "multiple episodes of", "unresponsive", "minute", "eyelids", "fluttering", "girl", "not recall", "episodes", "arrival", "appears drowsy", "Neurologic examination shows", "abnormalities", "following", "most appropriate pharmacotherapy to prevent recurrence", "patient's symptoms" ]

[ "48 year old female", "tingling sensation", "fingertips", "skin", "mouth", "woke", "sleep", "postoperative floor", "complete thyroidectomy", "papillary thyroid cancer", "temperature", "98", "F", "respirations", "min", "pulse", "67 min", "blood pressure", "88 mm Hg", "recording", "blood pressure", "spasm of", "muscles", "hand", "forearm", "seen", "next best step", "management", "patient" ]

[ "23 year old man", "brought", "emergency department", "brother", "jump out", "moving car", "Investigation", "following", "last", "months", "recently quit", "job", "local consulting firm to work", "mission to rid", "world", "not smoke", "drink alcoholic beverages", "use illicit", "takes", "medications", "temperature", "36", "98", "pulse", "90 min", "respirations", "20 min", "blood pressure", "mm Hg", "mental", "response", "first question lasted 5 minutes", "interruption", "switched topics", "number of times", "speech", "pressured", "spoke excessively", "plan to", "absolute justice", "world", "labile affect", "evidence", "suicidal ideation", "toxicology screen", "negative", "admitted", "hospital", "symptoms", "starts therapy", "One week later", "difficulty walking", "tremor", "improves", "activity", "following", "most likely cause", "patient's latest symptoms" ]

[ "A 10 year old boy", "referred", "pediatric neurologist", "pediatrician", "lower extremity weakness", "boy", "healthy", "past medical history", "parents began to", "difficulty", "football practice", "previous day", "course", "past 24 hours", "boy", "clumsy", "tripping", "further questioning", "boy", "viral illness", "previous week", "out", "school", "2 days", "Today", "patients temperature", "99", "4C", "blood pressure", "72 mmHg", "pulse", "88 min", "respirations", "min", "motor exam", "patient", "5/5 strength", "hip flexion", "5/5 strength", "knee extension", "flexion", "3", "strength", "foot dorsiflexion", "5/5 strength", "foot plantarflexion", "findings", "same", "gait exam", "patient exhibits foot drop", "following areas", "patient", "likely", "diminished sensation" ]

[ "35 year old woman", "physician", "1-day history", "swelling", "pain in", "left leg", "Two days", "returned", "business trip", "long distance flight", "alcohol use disorder", "Physical examination shows", "tender", "swollen", "warm left calf", "Serum studies show", "increased homocysteine concentration", "methylmalonic acid concentration", "reference range", "Further evaluation", "patient", "most likely to show", "following serum findings" ]

[ "year old woman", "emergency department", "of increasing abdominal pain", "2 days", "pain", "diffuse", "constant", "out", "10", "intensity", "numbness", "lower extremities", "12 hours", "type 1 diabetes mellitus", "migraine with aura", "essential tremor", "appears", "oriented to place", "person only", "temperature", "98", "pulse", "min", "blood pressure", "70 mm Hg", "Examination shows", "distended abdomen", "tenderness", "palpation", "Bowel sounds", "decreased", "Muscle strength", "sensation", "decreased", "lower extremities", "tremor", "right", "Urinalysis shows elevated levels", "aminolevulinic acid", "porphobilinogen", "following", "most likely cause", "patient's symptoms" ]

[ "One week", "sigmoidectomy", "end colostomy", "complicated diverticulitis", "67 year old man", "upper abdominal pain", "surgery", "transfused two units", "packed red blood cells", "postoperative course", "uncomplicated", "Two days", "fever", "currently receiving parenteral nutrition", "central venous catheter", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "hypertension", "hypercholesterolemia", "oriented to person", "not to place", "time", "admission", "medications included metformin", "valsartan", "aspirin", "atorvastatin", "temperature", "pulse", "min", "blood pressure", "100 60 mmHg", "Examination shows jaundice", "conjunctivae", "Abdominal examination shows tenderness", "palpation", "right upper quadrant", "rebound tenderness", "guarding", "bowel sounds", "hypoactive", "Laboratory studies show", "Leukocytes", "500", "mm3 Segmented neutrophils 75", "Serum Aspartate aminotransferase", "IU/L Alanine aminotransferase 85", "Bilirubin Total 2 1 mg/dL Direct 1", "mg/dL Amylase 20 IU/L", "following", "most likely diagnosis", "patient" ]

[ "year old", "physician", "routine checkup", "feels well", "history of hypertension", "peripheral vascular disease", "carotid stenosis", "mild dementia", "father", "Parkinson's disease", "died", "stroke", "age", "74 years", "smoked one half pack", "cigarettes daily", "30 years", "quit", "age", "50 years", "drinks alcohol", "moderation", "Current medications include aspirin", "lisinopril", "appears healthy", "temperature", "36", "98 4F", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "blood pressure", "mmHg", "Examination shows decreased pedal pulses", "Ankle jerk", "patellar reflexes", "absent", "Sensation", "light touch", "proprioception", "intact", "Muscle strength", "5/5", "town", "detail", "only recalls one", "three words", "5 minutes", "following", "most appropriate next step", "management", "findings" ]

[ "year old woman", "history", "intravenous drug use", "brought", "emergency department", "1-day history", "fatigue", "yellow eyes", "confusion", "blood in", "stools", "appears ill", "temperature", "100", "Physical examination shows pain", "right upper quadrant", "diffuse jaundice", "scleral", "bright red blood", "rectal vault", "Further evaluation demonstrates virions", "blood", "double-stranded DNA genome", "others", "single-stranded RNA genome", "found to share", "identical lipoprotein envelope", "patient", "most likely infected", "following pathogens" ]

[ "year old woman", "physician", "2-week history", "fatigue", "excessive thirst", "period", "not", "able to sleep", "night", "frequent", "to", "more", "usual", "day", "drinks", "liters", "water", "beers daily", "autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease", "hypertension treated with lisinopril", "bipolar disorder", "Therapy", "valproic acid", "begun", "manic episode", "months", "Vital signs", "normal limits", "Irregular flank masses", "palpated", "examination shows", "abnormalities", "Laboratory studies show", "Serum", "mEq K", "4", "100", "HCO3", "mg Osmolality 312", "kg Glucose", "Urine", "kg", "urine osmolality", "not change", "hours", "fluid intake", "administration", "desmopressin", "following", "most appropriate next step", "management" ]

[ "54 year old", "presents", "gynecologist's office", "complaints", "frequent hot flashes", "malaise", "insomnia", "mild mood swings", "2 weeks", "pain with intercourse", "vaginal dryness", "time", "healthy", "hyperlipidemia", "controlled", "atorvastatin", "past medical history", "hysterectomy", "postpartum", "desiring", "medication to control", "symptoms", "following", "most appropriate short-term medical", "patient", "symptomatic relief" ]

[ "year old man", "brought", "physician", "wife", "worried", "unusual behavior", "Two weeks", "promoted", "now", "take", "firm", "working overtime", "office", "spends most", "nights", "parties", "home", "wife to", "sex", "rarely sleeps more", "hours", "history of", "similar episode", "several periods", "depression", "past", "years", "currently takes", "medications", "appears impatient", "repeatedly jumps", "I", "more important things", "evidence", "suicidal ideation", "Urine toxicology", "negative", "Long-term treatment", "lithium", "started", "following parameters", "assessed", "patient", "treatment" ]

[ "58 year old man presents", "emergency department", "evaluation of intermittent chest pain", "past 6 months", "history reveals", "moderate exertional dyspnea", "2 episodes of syncope", "working", "factory job", "episodes of syncope", "witnessed", "others", "lasted", "30 seconds", "patient states", "not", "seizure activity", "vital signs include", "blood pressure", "mm Hg", "heart rate", "min", "temperature", "98", "respiratory rate", "min", "Physical examination reveals", "crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur", "right second", "area", "electrocardiogram", "performed", "shows left ventricular hypertrophy", "following", "best next step", "patient" ]

[ "year old male presents", "emergency department", "severe headaches", "palpitations", "previous episodes of sweating", "headache", "episode", "presentation", "appears pale", "diaphoretic", "temperature", "99", "4C", "blood pressure", "mmHg", "pulse", "87 min", "respirations", "20 min", "Based", "clinical suspicion", "abdominal CT", "obtained", "shows", "retroperitoneal mass", "patient's increased heart rate", "most likely due to", "change", "activity", "following channels" ]

[ "year old woman presents", "labor", "delivery floor", "active", "40 weeks gestation", "prolonged course", "delivers", "pound boy", "post operative day 2", "noted to", "uterine tenderness", "decreased bowel sounds", "states", "more frequently", "well", "temperature", "blood pressure", "mmHg", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "oxygen saturation", "98", "room air", "Physical exam", "notable", "non distended abdomen", "tender uterus", "Pulmonary exam reveals minor", "crackles", "Initial laboratory studies", "urinalysis", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "year old farmer presents", "physician", "puncture wound", "left shin", "got", "wound", "felt unwell", "out", "garden", "to catch", "air", "reports", "treated", "tetanus 35 years", "received", "Tdap vaccine", "times", "then", "not remember", "last received", "vaccine", "vital signs", "follows", "blood pressure", "80 mm Hg", "heart rate", "min", "respiratory rate", "min", "temperature", "100", "physical examination", "mildly dyspneic", "pale", "Lung auscultation reveals diminished vesicular breath sounds", "lower lobes", "few inspiratory crackles heard", "left lower lobe", "puncture wound", "diameter", "contaminated", "soil", "middle third", "patients shin", "order blood tests", "X-ray", "now", "wound treatment", "tetanus post-exposure prevention", "performed", "case" ]

[ "74 year old woman", "brought", "physician", "husband", "difficulty sleeping", "several years", "sleeping less", "night", "past 2 years", "takes", "minutes to fall asleep", "night", "wakes up earlier", "morning", "used to", "average", "sleeps", "hours", "night", "waking up", "times", "night", "needs", "20 minutes", "able to fall back to sleep", "feels mildly tired", "afternoon", "not take", "naps", "husband reports", "not snore", "patient drinks two cups", "coffee", "morning", "not smoke", "drink alcohol", "takes", "minute walk", "husband", "dog", "day", "5 ft", "tall", "55 kg", "BMI", "kg/m2", "Vital signs", "normal limits", "mental", "appears cooperative", "mildly anxious mood", "full range", "affect", "following", "most appropriate next step", "management" ]

[ "63 year old man", "emergency department", "of pain", "left", "past hour", "pain began", "returned", "walk", "out", "10", "intensity", "vomited", "hospital", "swelling of", "left groin", "past", "months", "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "hypertension", "Current medications include amlodipine", "albuterol inhaler", "salmeterol-fluticasone inhaler", "appears", "temperature", "4C", "99", "pulse", "min", "blood pressure", "84 mm Hg", "Examination shows", "tender bulge", "left side", "inguinal ligament", "extends", "left scrotum", "lying", "applying external force", "not", "swelling", "Coughing", "not make", "swelling bulge further", "erythema", "abdomen", "distended", "Bowel sounds", "hyperactive", "Scattered rhonchi", "heard", "lung fields", "following", "most appropriate next step", "management" ]

[ "Certain glucose transporters", "skeletal muscle cells", "adipocytes", "unique compared", "transporters found", "cell types", "body", "directly affecting glucose transport", "cell types", "following", "most likely", "increase glucose uptake", "skeletal muscle cells", "adipocytes" ]

[ "year old boy presents", "office", "facial swelling", "dark urine", "complaints", "sore throat", "weeks", "resolved", "6 days", "healthy", "lives at home", "mother", "2 cats", "recent history of travel", "sick contacts", "physical examination", "temperature", "blood pressure", "85 mmHg", "pulse", "80 min", "respirations", "min", "pulse oximetry", "99", "room air", "Cardiopulmonary", "abdominal examinations", "unremarkable", "mild periorbital", "pedal edema", "Urinalysis shows", "RBC/hpf", "2-5 WBC/hpf", "30 mg/dL protein", "additional finding", "to see", "urinalysis" ]

[ "65-year-old male", "history", "CHF presents", "emergency room", "shortness of breath", "lower leg edema", "fatigue", "diagnosed", "acute decompensated congestive heart failure", "admitted", "treated with", "medication", "targets beta-1 adrenergic receptors", "prescribing physician", "medication", "only", "used", "efficacy decreases", "one week", "receptor downregulation", "following", "prescribed" ]

[ "27 year old man presents", "primary care physician", "first appointment", "recently", "released from prison", "patient", "checkup", "goes out", "finds", "job", "states", "felt very fatigued", "cough", "lost", "pounds", "past", "weeks", "attributes", "intravenous drug use in prison", "temperature", "99", "blood pressure", "68 mmHg", "pulse", "100 min", "respirations", "min", "oxygen saturation", "98", "room air", "patient", "started", "appropriate treatment", "following", "most likely indication to discontinue", "patient's treatment" ]

[ "60 year old male presents", "routine health check-up", "patient", "reduced exercise tolerance", "past", "years", "past year", "chest pain", "climbing", "stairs", "home", "significant past medical history", "current medications", "patient reports", "pack-year smoking history", "vital signs include temperature", "98", "blood pressure", "100 mm Hg", "pulse 72 min", "respiratory rate", "min", "oxygen 99", "room air", "body mass index", "kg/m2", "Physical examination", "unremarkable", "Laboratory studies show", "Serum total cholesterol", "mg/dL", "Triglycerides", "high-density lipoprotein", "low-density lipoprotein", "following vascular pathologies", "most likely present", "patient" ]

[ "88 year old woman", "significant medical history", "brought", "emergency room", "daughter", "fall", "woman lightly hit", "head", "wall", "patient", "lucid", "mild headache", "daughter", "mother", "not", "consciousness", "fall", "exam", "focal neurological deficits", "to perform", "CT scan to", "sure", "intracranial bleeding", "CT scan", "normal limits", "head MRI", "shown", "following conditions", "most similar risk factor", "patient's condition" ]

[ "effects", "hypokalemia", "hyperkalemia", "cardiac rhythm", "cardiologist", "electrophysiology", "cardiac", "unique", "potassium ions play", "important role", "electrophysiology", "heart", "resting membrane potential", "cardiac myocytes", "close", "equilibrium potential", "K", "ions", "high resting potassium conductance", "ventricular myocytes", "regulated", "specific potassium channels", "open", "rest", "closed", "following potassium channels", "cardiologist talking about" ]

[ "year old man presents", "dermatologist", "white scaly papules", "plaques", "extensor arms", "elbows", "knees", "shins", "Scaly", "flaky eruptions", "present", "ears", "eyebrows", "scalp", "lesions", "itchy", "scales", "scraped", "pinpoint bleeding", "noted", "vital signs", "unremarkable", "physical examination", "normal limits", "following", "best initial test", "patients condition" ]

[ "35 year old man presents", "mass", "central part", "neck", "reports", "past 2 weeks", "experiencing fatigue", "recurrent fevers", "significant past medical history", "patient denies", "smoking history", "alcohol", "recreational drug use", "denies", "recent travel", "previous", "months", "physical examination", "multiple enlarged submandibular", "cervical lymph nodes", "firm", "mobile", "non-tender", "biopsy of one", "lymph nodes", "performed", "shows", "lymphocytes", "histiocytes present", "pattern", "popcorn", "flow cytometry analysis demonstrates cells", "CD19", "CD20 positive", "CD15", "CD30 negative", "following", "most likely diagnosis", "patient" ]

[ "g", "oz", "male newborn", "delivered", "weeks", "gestation", "year old woman", "Apgar scores", "10", "5 minutes", "vital signs", "normal limits", "Physical examination shows", "abnormalities", "Routine neonatal screening tests show mildly elevated TSH concentrations", "Ultrasonography of", "neck shows", "complete absence of", "lobes", "thyroid gland", "patient's normal physical examination", "total absence", "thyroid gland", "best", "following mechanisms" ]

[ "2 month old boy", "brought", "physician", "mother", "poor weight gain", "irritability", "delivery", "percentile", "height", "5th percentile", "weight", "Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor", "Laboratory studies show", "Hemoglobin", "g", "Mean", "pg cell", "volume", "Ammonia", "mol", "N", "mol", "peripheral blood smear shows macrocytosis", "erythrocytes", "hypersegmented neutrophils", "Supplementation", "folate", "cobalamin", "begun", "Two months later", "hemoglobin concentration", "g/dL", "mean corpuscular volume", "m3", "patient", "ondition ", "ost ikely aused ", "ailure ", "ollowing nzymatic reactions?" ]

[ "healthy 40 year old woman", "physician", "3-day history", "fever", "headaches", "fatigue", "reports", "persistent tingling sensation", "right hand", "numbness", "right arm", "started", "morning", "Physical examination shows pallor", "mild scleral icterus", "petechiae", "forearms", "legs", "mental", "appears confused", "only oriented to person", "Laboratory studies show", "Hemoglobin", "mg", "count", "500 mm3 Bleeding time", "minutes Prothrombin time", "seconds Partial thromboplastin time", "Serum Creatinine", "Total", "peripheral blood smear shows fragmented erythrocytes", "following", "most likely underlying cause", "patient", "ondition?" ]

[ "year old woman", "office", "2-week history", "rectal bleeding", "occurs", "day", "bowel movements", "denies", "pain", "defecation", "not", "complaints", "past medical history", "normal vaginal deliveries", "heart rate", "72 min", "respiratory rate", "min", "temperature", "36", "98", "blood pressure", "85 mm Hg", "rectovaginal examination", "palpable", "non-tender", "prolapsed mass", "pushed back", "finger", "anal sphincter", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "60 year old man", "physicians office", "jaundice", "Liver ultrasound reveals", "shrunken liver", "biopsy reveals cirrhosis", "Hepatitis serologies", "Anti-HAV", "negative HBsAg", "negative HBsAb", "positive HBeAg", "negative Anti-HBe", "negative Anti-HBc", "negative Anti-HCV", "positive", "hepatitis C viral load", "1", "copies", "patient", "started", "antiviral regimen including sofosbuvir", "mechanism of action", "drug" ]

[ "55 year old Chinese man presents", "office", "complaint", "progressive unilateral nasal obstruction", "10 months", "able to", "symptoms", "beginning", "cant", "obstructed nostril", "bloody nasal discharge", "started recently", "occluded nostril", "double vision", "past", "months", "not pay attention", "now", "Past medical history", "occasional sore throats", "include", "blood pressure", "88 mm Hg", "respiratory rate", "min", "pulse", "88 min", "temperature", "98", "Blood analysis shows", "Hemoglobin", "g/dL Hematocrit", "Leukocyte 15000 mm3 Neutrophils 72", "Lymphocytes", "Monocytes", "Mean corpuscular volume", "fL Platelet count", "following viral etiology", "most likely associated with", "development", "patients condition" ]

[ "year old man", "brought", "emergency department", "ambulance", "wife", "began slurring", "speech", "facial asymmetry", "dinner approximately 30 minutes", "past medical history", "hypertension", "diabetes", "temperature", "99", "3C", "blood pressure", "99 mmHg", "pulse", "min", "respirations", "min", "oxygen saturation", "98", "room", "Neurologic exam reveals right upper", "lower extremity weakness", "asymmetric smile", "following", "next best step", "management" ]

[ "year old boy", "brought", "physician", "recurrent", "minutes episodes of facial grimacing", "staring", "past month", "episodes", "not remember", "recalls", "muddy taste", "mouth", "onset", "symptoms", "One week", "brother witnessed", "episode", "woke up", "stared", "made hand gestures", "incident", "felt lethargic", "confused", "Examination shows", "abnormalities", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "A group", "scientists", "studying", "mechanism", "human papillomavirus", "vaccine", "immunity", "observe", "inoculation", "test subjects", "mammals", "certain viral proteins result", "organisms antigen-presenting cells", "antigen", "presenting", "major histocompatibility complex", "class 1 molecules", "following", "correct term", "process", "scientists", "observing", "inoculation" ]

[ "21-year-old woman presents", "complaints", "nausea", "vomiting", "diarrhea", "5 days", "adds", "fever", "abdominal cramping", "well", "recently attended", "large family", "eating", "varieties", "cold noodle salads", "past medical history", "temperature", "99", "respiratory rate", "min", "pulse", "67 min", "blood pressure", "68 mm Hg", "Physical examination", "non contributory", "Given", "clinical information provided", "likely diagnosis", "following", "next best step", "management", "patient" ]

[ "investigator", "studying", "mechanisms", "human cells", "radioactive isotope", "unable to cross", "organelles", "introduced", "sample", "cells", "cells", "then fragmented", "centrifugation", "isotope containing components", "isolated", "following reactions", "most likely to", "present", "cell component" ]

[ "30 year old man", "physician", "annual health maintenance examination", "patient", "health concerns", "history", "bilateral cryptorchidism treated with orchidopexy", "months", "age", "patient", "increased risk", "following" ]

[ "year old woman", "emergency department", "2-day history", "dark urine", "increasing abdominal pain", "tingling sensation", "arms", "legs", "history of epilepsy", "current medication", "phenytoin", "nauseated", "confused", "Following", "administration", "hemin", "glucose", "symptoms", "effect", "treatment", "most likely due to inhibition", "following enzymes" ]

[ "2 year old boy", "brought", "emergency department", "parents", "fever", "recurrent episodes of jerky", "extremities", "past", "hours", "Pregnancy", "delivery", "uncomplicated", "development", "normal", "age", "year", "parents report", "gradual loss of speech", "vision", "motor skills", "past year", "time", "admitted", "hospital three times", "myoclonic seizures", "Physical examination shows hypertonicity", "upper", "lower extremities", "Fundoscopic examination shows pallor of the optic disc", "MRI of", "brain shows brain atrophy", "subcortical areas", "Two days", "admission", "patient", "Histopathologic examination of", "brain shows aggregation", "cells", "loss", "glial cells", "patients condition", "most likely caused", "deficiency", "following enzymes" ]

[ "obese", "66 year old woman", "physician", "routine health maintenance examination", "feels well", "unhappy", "overweight", "reports", "feels out of breath", "walking", "one block", "climbing stairs", "to", "weight", "years", "success", "goes", "walk", "times", "week", "difficulty following", "low-calorie diet", "past 12 months", "two urinary tract infections", "treated with fosfomycin", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "osteoarthritis", "only current medication", "metformin", "never smoked", "5 ft", "tall", "100 kg", "BMI", "kg/m2", "Vital signs", "normal", "Physical examination shows cracking", "knees", "passive movement", "examination shows", "abnormalities", "Serum studies show", "9.5", "fasting serum glucose concentration", "mg dL", "ECG shows", "abnormalities", "following", "most appropriate pharmacotherapy" ]

[ "62 year old man", "physician", "follow-up examination", "One month", "therapy", "lisinopril", "initiated", "treatment", "hypertension", "blood pressure", "mm Hg", "Urinalysis shows", "creatinine clearance", "mL/min", "patient's serum concentration", "most likely closest", "following values" ]

[ "21-year-old woman presents", "emergency department", "complaints", "intermittent bouts", "lower abdominal", "pelvic pain", "week", "pain", "localized", "right side", "non radiating", "patient", "not sexually active", "time", "not currently", "medication", "hospital", "normal", "pelvic examination reveals", "tender palpable mass", "right adnexal structure", "pelvic CT scan reveals", "solid adnexal mass", "surgically removed", "ovary", "Histological evaluation", "sheets", "uniform cells", "fried egg", "consistent with dysgerminoma", "following tumor markers", "most likely elevated", "type", "tumor" ]

[ "year old woman", "gravida 2", "para 1", "physician", "initial prenatal visit", "weeks gestation", "recent immigrant", "Thailand", "history", "significant", "anemia", "childhood", "not required", "treatment", "mother", "husband", "anemia", "well", "history", "serious illness", "takes", "medications", "vital signs", "normal limits", "Fundal height measures", "weeks", "Ultrasound shows polyhydramnios", "pleural", "peritoneal effusion", "fetus", "fetal subcutaneous", "following", "most likely clinical course", "fetus" ]

[ "62 year old woman", "physician", "of increasing blurring", "vision", "eyes", "blurring", "made", "difficult to read", "read", "little better", "holds", "book", "above eye level", "bright light to look", "objects", "reports", "symptoms began", "years", "gotten worse", "time", "hypertension", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "Current medications include glyburide", "lisinopril", "looking", "Amsler grid", "lines", "center appear wavy", "bent", "image", "retina", "viewed", "fundoscopy", "shown", "following", "most likely diagnosis" ]

[ "50 year old woman presents", "esophageal varices", "alcoholic cirrhosis", "hepatic encephalopathy", "portal hypertension", "recent onset confusion", "patients husband", "not recall", "past medical history", "current medications", "states", "disciplined", "Current medications", "spironolactone", "labetalol", "lactulose", "furosemide", "temperature", "3C", "100 9F", "heart rate", "min", "blood pressure", "62 mm Hg", "respiratory rate", "min", "oxygen saturation", "96", "room air", "physical examination", "patient", "disoriented", "lethargic", "poorly responsive", "commands", "cardiac examination", "unremarkable", "Lungs", "clear", "auscultation", "abdomen", "distended", "tense", "mildly tender", "Mild asterixis", "present", "Neurologic examination", "normal", "digital rectal examination reveals guaiac negative stool", "Laboratory findings", "significant", "following", "Basic metabolic panel Unremarkable Platelet count 95 500 L Leukocyte count", "Hematocrit", "baseline", "30", "following", "most likely", "diagnostic value", "patient" ]