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35-year-old man, admitted for severe chest trauma with multiple rib fractures. After responding favorably to treatment with painkillers and oxygen, he begins to present severe hypoxemia. Indicate the most probable cause of this deterioration: | Aspiration respiratory infection. | The instability of the chest wall due to multiple fractures. | Post-traumatic hypovolemia. | Medicine | The alteration of gas exchange due to lung contusion. | 128 | 3 | 8314f00c-0f57-4dde-8687-654853b8e394 | 2020 |
A 65-year-old man consults due to solid dysphagia for the past two months. The esophagoscopy reveals a tumor 30 cm from the dental arch, partially stenotic, with histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasonography and PET-CT are requested where no pathological adenopathies are observed. Which of the following options would be the most correct?: | Esophagectomy according to the Ivor Lewis technique. | Transhiatal esophagectomy. | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. | Medicine | Chemotherapy plus preoperative radiotherapy. | 129 | 3 | dcba258a-f68c-4aaa-8b59-22021dae999b | 2020 |
What is the most appropriate time for the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis in abdominal surgery? | In the 30 minutes prior to the start of the surgical intervention. | From 48 hours before the surgical intervention. | It should only be applied if contamination of the surgical field is observed during the procedure. | Medicine | In the 30 minutes following the closure of the surgical incision. | 130 | 2 | 03bfac96-15e3-45e4-b639-db7781f49182 | 2020 |
Regarding Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma, indicate the correct answer: | The phenotype includes a predominance of malignant colon tumors on the right side. | It is an autosomal recessive disorder. | Extracolonic malignant tumors usually settle in the lung or liver. | Medicine | The polyp-cancer progression is slower than in sporadic colon cancer. | 131 | 2 | 6868f18b-6bbe-4b61-b934-112b846ea4f9 | 2020 |
A 67 year-old obese woman, who comes to the emergency room due to abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, fever of 39.5°C, and very dark urine. Given this picture, the first suspicion should be: | Choledocholithiasis. | Acute acalculous cholecystitis. | Ascending cholangitis. | Medicine | Acute lithiasic cholecystitis. | 132 | 4 | eea09f9c-575b-49cc-91d7-633d90b62757 | 2020 |
47-year-old patient, with no relevant pathological history. The patient presents a case of fever and pain in the tip of the right side and has been diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia at their Health Center. In a simple control x-ray, performed 3 days after the start of antibiotic treatment, an ipsilateral pleural effusion is identified that occupies a third of the right hemithorax. Indicate the correct answer: | The diagnosis of pleural empyema is only confirmed if a microorganism is found in the pleural fluid culture. | The diagnosis of pleural empyema can be established if a thoracentesis is performed and the pH of the pleural fluid is 7.4. | The presence of a pleural effusion is sufficient to establish the diagnosis of pleural empyema and to place a right pleural drain. | Medicine | A pleural empyema should be suspected if the patient continues to have fever and leukocytosis. | 133 | 3 | 8a75c493-3176-478a-bdcf-fe81134596a9 | 2020 |
A 35-year-old male, transferred to the emergency room after a traffic accident. Upon admission, a Glasgow scale score of 15 is observed, blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg, respiratory rate of 35 rpm and heart rate of 110 bpm, with a baseline oxygen saturation of 91%. On examination, there is right thoracic hypophonesis and tympanism to percussion. What is the presumptive diagnosis? | Right-sided tension pneumothorax. | Traumatic cardiac tamponade. | Pulmonary contusion. | Medicine | Massive right hemothorax. | 134 | 2 | 4e9b1f64-38ba-4774-a822-2742643f4b86 | 2020 |
A 64-year-old man consulted due to presenting increasing weakness in the lower limbs and ascending paresthesias over the last 3 days. The examination shows weakness in the lower limbs and global areflexia. The blood tests and chest x-ray are normal. Lumbar puncture reveals cerebrospinal fluid with 3 mononuclear cells, 60 mg of glucose, and 97 mg of total proteins. Indicate the incorrect statement: | In these cases, facial paralysis can occur in up to 50% of the instances. | The symptoms are consistent with an autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy. | The treatment of choice for these conditions is the administration of intravenous corticosteroids. | Medicine | In severe cases, these conditions can be associated with autonomic neuropathy. | 135 | 4 | 4063a3b8-6910-4184-b1b0-9f8adfc3a0d3 | 2020 |
A 48-year-old patient who has suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an anterior communicating aneurysm. 10 days after the bleeding, they show altered levels of consciousness and develop hemiparesis. Point out the incorrect answer: | The greater the amount of initial bleeding, the higher the risk of rebleeding. | Vasospasm occurs most frequently between days 4 and 14 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. | It is necessary to perform a cranial CT scan in order to rule out other complications. | Medicine | Water restriction is advised in these patients due to the risk of hyponatremia. | 136 | 3 | cd0dceca-1a54-4dcf-977b-2343ba708c98 | 2020 |
A 93-year-old woman with a history of COPD, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease. She lives alone. She has a left ventricular ejection fraction of 53%, creatinine 1.5 mg/dL, normal coagulation. She is treated with inhaled bronchodilators and ASA 100 mg daily. She has a fall on the street, after which she finds it impossible to stand and sit, with intense pain in the right hip during movement, great shortening and external rotation of the leg. How and when should this be treated?: | Admission for evaluation by Nephrology and Cardiology, and then Traumatology will decide whether to use an arthroplasty or a trochanteric nail. | Admission for transthoracic ultrasound, evaluation by Cardiology and then closed reduction and fixation with a screw plate. | Closed reduction and fixation of the fracture within 48 hours, very early sitting, orthogeriatric management. | Medicine | Admission to Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, progressive stabilization of comorbidities, conservative orthopedic treatment. | 137 | 4 | c774a5cd-6870-423d-81ca-f511846f369f | 2020 |
A 73-year-old woman with a medical history of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. She consults due to unbearable pain in her right knee developing over 5 days, with no prior trauma. Examination reveals a globular knee, moderate varus, limited extension and flexion due to pain, diffuse medial pain. The radiographs show osteophytes and mild pinching of the medial joint space. What would be your initial management? | Preferred referral to outpatient Traumatology consultations for the evaluation of cemented total prosthesis. | Explanation of the diagnosis, relative rest, paracetamol 1 g/8 h plus metamizol 500 mg /8 h, rescue naproxen. | Request for preferential magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of meniscopathy, Baker's cyst and/or tendinitis. | Medicine | Preferred referral to Traumatology outpatient consultations to assess arthroscopic debridement. | 138 | 1 | d426d52f-4bac-4173-b4bb-7df5a738434d | 2020 |
A 7-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room after falling from a swing onto his right hand. He has no relevant medical history. He presents with a deformity on the back of the fork of the wrist and functional impotence, with a normal distal neurovascular situation. What injury do you expect to find in the urgent X-ray requested? | Radial head fracture. | Monteggia fracture-dislocation. | Greenstick fracture of the ulna. | Medicine | Distal epiphysiolysis of the radius. | 139 | 3 | c7662c0b-2a7d-4100-8354-62d289b53708 | 2020 |
A 65-year-old obese woman, who suffers a fall on her hand with her elbow extended. She presents arm pain with swelling and functional impairment, and is unable to extend her wrist and fingers. It is most likely that she presents: | Elbow dislocation. | Proximal humerus fracture dislocation. | Diaphyseal fracture of the humerus with injury to the radial nerve. | Medicine | Diaphyseal fracture of the humerus associated with a double forearm fracture. | 140 | 4 | b42eeacb-08c8-47dc-83ec-f7c00e6a1dea | 2020 |
The most likely diagnosis for a 74-year-old patient who has begun experiencing lower back pain radiating to the lower limbs, neurogenic claudication, and limitation in trunk extension for the past two months is: | Lumbar vertebral fracture. | L4-L5 disc herniation. | Lumbar canal stenosis. | Medicine | L5-S1 vertebral instability. | 141 | 4 | 2dbd95db-3f02-4630-80bf-1ae6ec8cb213 | 2020 |
A 70-year-old woman, who is diabetic and hypertensive, suffers a fall at her home, presenting a 9 cm wound that communicates with a focus of fracture in the right tibia. Radiographically, an oblique short fracture is observed in the middle-distal third of the tibia. She undergoes emergency surgery with cleaning (Friedrich) and placement of a locked intramedullary nail. At 11 months, she presents with atrophic nonunion of the tibia with suppuration in the area of the wound. What will be her best immediate therapeutic option?: | Watchful waiting and antibiotic treatment with quinolones. | Triple antibiotic therapy (gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic) and cleaning of the surgical wound, removing the distal staples to promote bone consolidation. | Removal of the nail, debridement, placement of external fixator and antibiotic therapy adjusted to the results of the cultures. | Medicine | Contribution of autograft and growth factors (BMP 2 and 7) to stimulate the process of bone consolidation, which is delayed. | 142 | 4 | 433c8a65-9f20-4db8-864d-436ded4de6ab | 2020 |
What type of dementia should be considered in a patient who presents cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations, parkinsonian signs, and poor tolerance to neuroleptics? | Diffuse Lewy body dementia. | Atypical Alzheimer's disease. | Prion dementia. | Medicine | Frontotemporal lobular degeneration. | 143 | 2 | d9dfa8ef-ece6-4f5d-ae7c-14b8f189cfb5 | 2020 |
92-year-old male, with no relevant pathological history, diagnosed 24 hours ago with acute pyelonephritis, presenting visual hallucinations, incoherent speech, and psychomotor agitation. Which of the following statements best matches the clinical picture he is presenting now?: | This is a case of delirium in an elderly patient with a severe infection. | This refers to the typical onset of dementia in an elderly patient with a serious infection. | This is an episode of severe depression due to hospitalization with associated psychotic symptoms. | Medicine | This is the onset of an acute psychotic episode (late-onset schizophrenia in the elderly). | 144 | 2 | ff68c835-7bb5-497c-8fe7-c39539dc3029 | 2020 |
Regarding geriatric syndromes, one of the following answers is incorrect: | They are usually the result of several convergent etiologies, which require a multidimensional evaluation and intervention. | These are illness situations with a high incidence and prevalence in the elderly population. | Its prevalence is higher in hospitalized older patients than in dependent and institutionalized older patients. | Medicine | They usually produce significant consequences, both medical and functional, that require a multidimensional intervention. | 145 | 4 | 6e3390eb-e468-4664-b527-3f3dfb87c260 | 2020 |
Fragility is a state that can lead to significant negative consequences. Of the following answers, indicate the incorrect one: | Its early detection would allow for early intervention to prevent its negative consequences. | It is associated with a good number of consequences, such as falls, immobility, disability, higher rate of hospital admissions and institutionalization, and higher mortality. | The walking speed and the Timed Up&Go test, allow its detection in regular clinical practice. | Medicine | Its prevalence has no direct relationship with chronological age. | 146 | 3 | 111fce02-5f7f-40d8-abb3-19e8357d6917 | 2020 |
Urinary incontinence is one of the main geriatric syndromes. Which of the following statements is incorrect?: | The most common clinical type of urinary incontinence, in the older population in general, is urgency incontinence. | Its prevalence is higher in patients with chronic neurological pathology and/or immobility syndrome than in patients hospitalized for an acute illness. | The treatment of urge incontinence with antimuscarinics is recommended for patients with cognitive impairment or severe stage dementia. | Medicine | Pharmacological treatment has shown greater clinical effectiveness in urgency incontinence / overactive bladder than in other types of incontinence. | 147 | 4 | 538d33a2-a2df-457f-879a-5aab27eb71cf | 2020 |
Which of the following is not a stage of Prochaska and DiClemente's behavior change model? | Post-contemplation. | Precontemplation. | Maintenance. | Medicine | Action. | 148 | 2 | 7c2f7c3f-8d6c-4575-bf8d-0a9269fc69eb | 2020 |
A 65 year old woman, who three months ago experienced a vesicant skin eruption over the right D6 dermatome, accompanied by very intense pain. After the formation of scabs, the situation resolved itself, but moderate pain persists, intensifying upon touch and preventing the use of underwear over the affected dermatome. In this situation, what treatment would not be recommended?: | Oral Ibuprofen. | Oral Gabapentin. | Topical Lidocaine. | Medicine | Topical Capsaicin. | 149 | 2 | 6fe92eb7-dc4b-4260-b45e-0dcf752da828 | 2020 |
Evidence-Based Medicine recommends the PICO structure for formulating clinical questions. Which of the following is not an element included in the formulation of the PICO question?: | Type of patient. | Type of intervention to be evaluated. | Result to measure. | Medicine | Type of study. | 150 | 3 | 30950f1c-ee33-4ca2-a4ad-8fe125323087 | 2020 |
Which of the following strategies constitutes a primary prevention action against abuse towards women?: | Educational activities with pregnant women and their partners on equal relationships and co-responsibility in child-rearing. | Establish a protection and escape plan for women victims of abuse with young children in their care. | Early notification to the judicial authority in case of any suspicion of abuse. | Medicine | Implement a routine screening protocol in women who come to hospital emergency services due to anxiety crises. | 151 | 2 | b15a91c9-441b-45f8-991f-bc031f6011c7 | 2020 |
Indicate which of the following therapeutic groups has been shown to reduce cardiovascular and total morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients, over 55 years of age, and with a history of cardiovascular events or diabetes: | Diuretics. | Calcium channel blockers (calcioantagonists). | Beta blockers. | Medicine | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. | 152 | 3 | 2a3d882e-da23-4bf8-b527-f7e86076942e | 2020 |
A 65-year-old male who consulted due to an episode of frank, painless hematuria two days ago, with no accompanying symptoms. The medical history does not indicate suspicion of a particular origin and the urine strip from that day reveals the existence of hematuria, although the urine is clear. What test would you first request to guide the diagnosis?: | Plain abdominal X-ray. | Intravenous urography. | Computed tomography of the abdomen. | Medicine | Renal and urinary tract ultrasound. | 153 | 3 | d0ad90a9-e6a3-4cd3-a148-610c6e9d689d | 2020 |
Which of the following statements corresponds to the term quaternary prevention? | Interventions aimed at preventing or reducing the risks of contact with health services. | Activities aimed at preventing the occurrence or reducing the prevalence of risk factors in healthy individuals. | Screening activities and vaccination for healthcare personnel at risk of infectious diseases. | Medicine | Rehabilitation and social reintegration activities in patients with clinically manifest diseases. | 154 | 2 | be7abd1e-b5d3-4e5c-acb5-b046736586fe | 2020 |
According to Fried's physical frailty phenotype, which evaluates five criteria (weight loss, low energy, weak strength, slowness, and low physical activity), how many criteria must be met for an elderly person to be considered frail? | Three. | Two. | Five. | Medicine | Four. | 155 | 2 | 6b9d78e6-e76e-4884-9d8a-7c6b0140e506 | 2020 |
Patient with chronic heart failure in whom we detect prominent "v" waves in the jugular venous pulse and a holosystolic murmur in the xiphoid appendix area that intensifies with deep inspiration. What valvular disease does this physical examination suggest? | Pulmonary insufficiency. | Mitral insufficiency. | Aortic Stenosis. | Medicine | Tricuspid insufficiency. | 156 | 3 | f0e420cc-3e02-4a41-9d3a-12309123a482 | 2020 |
A 26-year-old woman consults for a feeling of generalized weakness that has progressively set in over the course of three weeks, becoming particularly intense in the last two days. She has been reporting episodes of joint pain in her hands for a couple of years that have required the intake of anti-inflammatories, as well as the appearance of some erythematous lesion of unexplained cause in the cleavage area, mainly in the summer. A physical examination reveals only obvious skin-mucous pallor and a heart rate of 100 bpm. The blood count shows: Hb 6 gr/dL, Ht 27%, MCV 105 fL, 3420 leukocytes/mm3 (2300 neutrophils/mm3, 800 lymphocytes/mm3, 250 monocytes/mm3, 50 eosinophils/mm3, 20 basophils/mm3), platelets 170,000/mm3. In biochemistry: AST 30 UI/L, ALT 35 UI/L, GGT 59 UI/L, alkaline phosphatase 105 UI/L, LDH 490 UI/L, urea 20 mg/dL, creatinine 0.8 mg/dL. Considering the available information, indicate which of the following additional analytical parameters you would need to know in order to make the most appropriate immediate decision: | Antinuclear antibodies. | Vitamin B12. | Anti-DNA antibodies. | Medicine | Direct Coombs test. | 157 | 3 | aa9941d5-97ad-4c37-9e95-ce93c0b7703d | 2020 |
A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with scleroderma eleven years ago, with a long-standing Raynaud's phenomenon and a sensation of gastroesophageal reflux. Physical examination highlighted facial telangiectasias and sclerodactyly. Positive antinuclear antibodies (titles of 1/2,560) with a centromeric immunofluorescence pattern, positive anticentromere antibodies. He presents with dyspnea that has been intensifying for three months, which in recent weeks has intensified to affect his usual physical activity, without edemas, orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Normal cardiac and respiratory auscultation. The blood test shows normal blood count and liver and kidney functions. Only a rise in atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) stands out. Considering the information provided, what should be your first diagnostic suspicion?: | Pulmonary arterial hypertension. | Incipient interstitial lung disease. | Pulmonary embolism. | Medicine | Heart failure. | 158 | 2 | 29053db0-39ab-4a67-ac4a-9bd0ae13ac23 | 2020 |
A 45-year-old patient with a history of HIV infection diagnosed 6 years ago is consulting about restarting antiretroviral treatment. The patient stopped it two years ago for personal reasons and partly due to adverse effects, when they had an undetectable viral load and 230 CD4 lymphocytes; in recent months, they have suffered a herpes zoster outbreak. Indicate the correct answer regarding the resumption of treatment: | At this moment, a resistance study would be indicated to know the present mutations and guide the resumption of the treatment. | If it is not possible to ensure adequate adherence to treatment, it is best not to restart it due to the risk of developing resistances. | The best option for this patient could be a combination based on boosted protease inhibitors. | Medicine | Dual therapy with dolutegravir and lamivudine could be just as effective in this situation as triple therapy, as it could reduce some of the adverse effects. | 159 | 4 | 24689b66-a32f-474b-87f7-0c5ebc9faf26 | 2020 |
A 22-year-old male, who practices adventure sports, presents with bilateral facial paralysis. A couple of months ago, he reports having suffered, for an approximate period of four weeks, an episode of generalized weakness, fever, intense headache, and joint and muscle pain. Despite having substantially improved, some fluctuating headache and joint pain persist. The cardiorespiratory, abdominal, and neurological examinations are completely normal, with present and symmetrical osteotendinous reflexes. The chest radiograph is also normal. What is, most likely, the cause of the clinical picture described? | Leptospirosis. | Guillain-Barré Syndrome. | Lyme Disease. | Medicine | Sarcoidosis. | 160 | 4 | a83abd3e-ae0e-4ea3-88ec-a5052e630851 | 2020 |
A 45-year-old man consults for a general deterioration of his state over the past 3 weeks, which is added to an episode of hemoptoic expectoration in the last few hours. Normal physical examination. Notable in the blood analysis are: normal blood count; ESR 70 mm/h; creatinine 1.8 mg/dl. In the urine analysis, microhematuria (60 red blood cells/field) and proteinuria (1.2 g/24h) are observed. In the CT scan of the chest, cavitated lung nodules are seen, with bilateral perihilar location. Which of the following statements is true?: | Without treatment, over 80% of patients exhibit favorable progress with resolution of the condition. | The presence of intense peripheral eosinophilia (> 1,000 cells/μL) is a characteristic of the disease. | Around 90% of patients with kidney involvement show positivity for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies with specificity against myeloperoxidase. | Medicine | Rituximab has been shown to be effective for inducing remission in generalized forms with renal involvement. | 161 | 3 | 57df6e8b-03cd-47be-aa08-c0104f9c4919 | 2020 |
A 27-year-old male with a history of mild neurocognitive deficit and behavior disorder beginning in childhood, and chronic liver dysfunction (aspartate aminotransferase 78U/L (5- 40 U/L), alanine aminotransferase 80U/L (5-40 U/L)). In the last six months he has developed a gait disturbance. He is referred to the emergency room for headache, vomiting, food refusal, and drowsiness in the context of a flu syndrome. The physical examination reveals a temperature of 37.7°C, decreased consciousness (Glasgow 11), pupils with little reactivity, cerebellar ataxia and spastic paraparesis. Which of the following statements is true regarding his diagnosis and treatment? | Tropical spastic paraparesis. Administer hydration, ensure oral intake, request HIV testing and discharge to home after fever resolution. | Wilson's disease. Request blood cultures, schedule empirical antibiotic treatment and discharge to home after resolution of the fever. | Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Perform lumbar puncture, administer acyclovir and valproic acid in suspicion of meningitis and status epilepticus. | Medicine | Congenital metabolic disease of the urea cycle. Suspend protein intake, administer glucose, request analysis with ammonia, and prepare sodium benzoate. | 162 | 3 | d2141580-134f-4c43-8ae5-caf1f8cdd5a4 | 2020 |
An 87-year-old man, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney failure, COPD, and heart failure, with a score on the Barthel Index of basic daily living activities of 30 points. What would be the appropriate therapeutic objective in the glycemic control of this patient? | HbA1c < 7%. | HbA1c between 6% and 6.5%. | HbA1c between 8% and 8.5%. | Medicine | HbA1c between 7% and 7.5%. | 163 | 4 | fc10301d-af25-44c0-bfb6-01f60feb0f7d | 2020 |
72-year-old man who has been presenting with a fever of 38.7°C, cough, purulent expectoration, and dyspnea for 48 hours. Constants: BP 85/60 mmHg, heart rate 100 bpm, respiratory rate 35 rpm, SatO2 80%. He is notably confused and has crepitus in the lower left lung field. The chest X-ray confirms the presence of pneumonia in the lingula and the lower left lobe. What would be the appropriate place for care?: | Admission to an emergency observation unit. | Outpatient treatment at your home. | Admission to the Intensive Care Unit. | Medicine | Hospital admission to the ward. | 164 | 4 | 421f79f9-a3a5-4547-bd2c-91e54176f9aa | 2020 |
A 45-year-old man diagnosed with poorly controlled arterial hypertension presents with a fever of 38.8°C that began 2 days ago, severe retrosternal pain radiating to the neck and both arms, which lessens when he leans forward and increases in the supine position. The ECG shows elevation of the ST segment in leads I, II and AVF and from V1 to V6, with no alteration of the QRS complex. The echocardiogram reveals moderate pericardial effusion. Which of the following criteria indicates a poor prognosis and advises hospital admission?: | History of poorly controlled high blood pressure. | Acute course (acute onset of chest pain). | The presence of pericardial effusion. | Medicine | Fever higher than 38°C. | 165 | 3 | 0a3741b4-cada-4a0f-8ba3-ec05200ba6e7 | 2020 |
A patient with HIV infection undergoing antiretroviral treatment shows 560 copies of HIV-1 RNA in his routine analysis. The patient is asymptomatic, the CD4s are stable at 280/mm3 and he ensures he is correctly taking the treatment. The most appropriate approach to take is: | Repeat the viral load in a few weeks to confirm if it is a blip. | Determine plasma levels of drugs to ensure that these are within therapeutic margins. | Intensify the treatment in the event of a failure in a patient with an advanced HIV infection. | Medicine | Conduct a genotypic resistance study to verify the existence of resistance mutations to the drugs used. | 166 | 2 | 1999eb87-b798-4f21-88cd-dde6a70f954c | 2020 |
The following characteristics suggest the presence of a secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, except: | Positive antinuclear antibodies. | Capillaroscopic alterations. | Appearance of digital necrotic lesions. | Medicine | Age less than 20 years. | 167 | 3 | 4e0dac89-640d-4f2b-bed7-0180f526f4da | 2020 |
A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency room with severe epigastric pain, radiating to the back and right hypochondrium, along with nausea and vomiting that have lasted for 12 hours. Upon examination, he is afebrile, hemodynamically stable, lucid, and well perfused. Lab findings reveal 18,000 leukocytes (80% neutrophils), with the rest of the complete blood count being normal. Other biochemistry, including calcium, LDH and triglycerides, is normal, except for an amylase level of 3,000 U/L. Indicate the correct answer: | The patient likely has acute mesenteric ischemia. | The clinical picture suggests acute cholangitis. | It is necessary to perform an urgent abdominal CT scan. | Medicine | It is not necessary to perform imaging tests in emergencies or in any case an abdominal ultrasound. | 168 | 3 | bef68d5d-d3cb-4064-8fcd-8ac019a305b2 | 2020 |
65-year-old man, under follow-up in the clinic for asthenia, anorexia and low-grade fever of insidious course. Abdominal CT is performed with findings of a retroperitoneal mass and periaortitis, and a test with elevated ESR, moderate anemia and positive antinuclear antibodies. Indicate the correct answer: | The diagnosis is clinical and an empirical treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics should be conducted. | It is due to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis and does not require further diagnostic tests. | Requires a histological diagnosis showing a diffuse infiltration of plasma cells and more than 10 IgG4-positive cells per field. | Medicine | The determination of elevated levels of immunoglobulins confirms the diagnosis. | 169 | 4 | f7d99b6a-8cab-411c-961a-b2c07485f4e1 | 2020 |
A 77-year-old man comes to the emergency room due to a decline in his level of consciousness. In his medical history, he reports fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss in the recent weeks. Upon his arrival, he shows a low-grade fever of 37.7°C without a defined source. A head CT scan is carried out with no significant findings, and in the CSF obtained after a lumbar puncture, a slightly xanthochromic fluid is observed, with the following data: opening pressure 22 cm of H2O; cells 98, 100% mononuclear; glucose 5 mg/dL; total proteins 2 g/L. What is the most likely etiology? | Acute bacterial meningitis. | Neoplastic Meningitis. | Subarachnoid hemorrhage. | Medicine | Guillain-Barré Syndrome. | 170 | 1 | 54c2dc08-58ec-45f6-a6fb-60a299caf3b9 | 2020 |
A 67-year-old woman with a history of dyslipidemia, who goes to the emergency room for a picture of dysuria and polyakiuria followed by fever, chills, and general health deterioration. Upon arrival, she appears severe and is tachycardic, tachypneic, with a blood pressure of 60/40 mmHg and a temperature of 39°C. Which of the following measures would not be included in the INITIAL management?: | Measurement of serum lactate. | Intravenous infusion of dobutamine. | Administration of fluids. | Medicine | Extraction of blood cultures. | 171 | 1 | 12aff0e0-31c0-4054-93ba-ccc37975eec8 | 2020 |
Which of the following statements is correct regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation?: | As soon as the necessary means are available, a cardioversion should be performed if the patient has not yet regained a pulse. | After confirming the absence of a pulse, basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed following the pattern of 30 chest compressions and 2 lung inflations. | Adrenaline, at doses of 1 mg every 3 minutes, should not be administered if the cause of arrest is ventricular fibrillation. | Medicine | In the event of asystole, 3 mg of atropine should be administered. | 172 | 1 | 25ad35dd-50a7-457f-8042-378b6b74eb43 | 2020 |
A patient is brought to the emergency department from a fire that occurred in a closed warehouse where there was polyurethane foam. He is conscious, but exhibits increasing mental clumsiness, headache, and intense shortness of breath. The oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry is 92% and the capillary lactate acid is 8 mEq/l. What specific treatment do you consider most appropriate? | Administration of intravenous hydroxocobalamin. | Administration of oxygen through a 50% Venturi type mask. | Fluid therapy with infusion of physiological saline solution at 21 ml/h. | Medicine | Hyperbaric chamber ventilation. | 173 | 2 | 85dca134-6527-4901-84e2-a3d6e4d67f28 | 2020 |
An 18-year-old man arrives at the hospital's emergency department, transported by a basic life support unit. He was hit by a car while cycling. Upon arrival, he has a heart rate of 115 bpm, a blood pressure of 110/75 mmHg, a palpable radial pulse, a capillary refill of 2.5 seconds, and a respiratory rate of 25 rpm. What do these data indicate to us?: | They have lost more than 30% of their blood volume and require replenishment of volume and blood. | They have lost between 15 and 30% of their blood volume and require volume replacement. | They have lost more than 50% of their blood volume and require replenishment of volume and blood. | Medicine | He has lost more than 40% of his blood volume and will require surgical treatment. | 175 | 1 | 7ca5039a-6d97-4288-a985-f8ffa969a247 | 2020 |
A 25-year-old woman diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, who has been in remission for the past 2 years. She consults because of polyarthralgia and low-grade fever. Which of the following alterations would indicate a reactivation of the disease?: | Elevation of anti-native DNA antibodies and decrease of complement factors. | Elevation of anti-native DNA antibodies and complement factors. | Decrease in native anti-DNA antibodies and elevation of complement factors. | Medicine | Decrease in native anti-DNA antibodies and complement factors. | 176 | 2 | 2e08d662-2041-415a-a1d6-eeec0efdb1da | 2020 |
Considering the clinical relevance of positive likelihood ratios (LR+) for the decision-making process according to The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Which of the following options corresponds to moderate increases in the probability of confirming the disease?: | CP+ 2-5. | CP+ < 2. | CP+ > 10. | Medicine | CP+ 5-10. | 177 | 3 | e7225a0a-78d2-4f0b-9401-88ab72a95b88 | 2020 |
Which of the following factors is not associated with the development of pigment stones in the gallbladder?: | Pernicious anemia. | Chronic hemolysis. | Primary biliary cholangitis. | Medicine | Chronic infection of the bile ducts. | 178 | 4 | 044547cc-9a83-450e-99ba-f9f99afb5ea3 | 2020 |
The combination of drugs that inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme and antagonists of aldosterone can be useful in some patients with heart failure. However, we must be especially vigilant in these cases: | That can paradoxically increase the blood pressure figures. | The appearance or worsening of dyslipidemias. | The levels of circulating bradykinins. | Medicine | The occurrence of hyperkalemia. | 179 | 3 | 3c3827be-11aa-498b-8b0b-fd6f1201d2e9 | 2020 |
Osteonecrosis of the jaw: | It is associated in most cases with previous radiation therapy. | It may be related to the administration of bisphosphonates. | It is a form of developmental mandibular atrophy. | Medicine | The treatment of choice is mandibulectomy. | 180 | 1 | ca786398-3a01-430f-98eb-4409c953d7b7 | 2020 |
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: | It affects men and women equally. | It is an idiopathic myopathy. | It is a recessive hereditary disease linked to the X chromosome. | Medicine | Currently, they are undergoing a curative treatment based on the administration of glucocorticoids. | 181 | 4 | dad16bf8-663d-4b9d-8e29-da568386a585 | 2020 |
A 60-year-old man with abdominal pain and upper digestive bleeding, in whom an abdominal tumor related to the gastric wall is found. The histology shows a spindle cell tumor with few mitoses, positive for CD117. The most likely diagnosis is: | Gastrointestinal stromal tumor. | Neurofibroma of the gastric wall. | Granulocytic sarcoma. | Medicine | Leiomyoma. | 182 | 2 | a2b7b524-e014-4c37-9efe-aeefe2e4fbef | 2020 |
What is the best measure of the global burden of a disease? | Mortality from that disease. | The years lost due to disability attributable to that disease. | The economic cost of the disease. | Medicine | Years of life adjusted for disability attributable to that disease. | 183 | 3 | ba398476-c2aa-419c-b7b8-ae2cb96aa977 | 2020 |
In which individuals is an elevation in plasma levels of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK) observed? | In patients with acute myocardial infarction. | In patients with a stroke. | In patients with acute hepatocellular injury. | Medicine | After an intramuscular injection. | 184 | 1 | 07147b73-8169-4f7b-9a4d-4ff532c3f4a6 | 2020 |
In 2018, James Allison and Tasuku Honjo received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the CTLA-4 and PD-1 molecules, which represents a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy. The treatment of cancer patients with anti-PD1 antibodies (such as pembrolizumab) is based on this: | The anti-PD1 antibody acts as a bridge between the tumor cell and its ligands in the T lymphocytes, promoting tumor destruction by cytotoxic lymphocytes. | The anti-PD1 antibody binds to the PD-1 receptor expressed in tumor cells, inducing their death by apoptosis. | The anti-PD1 antibody blocks the function of the PD-1 receptor, which acts as a negative regulator of T lymphocytes activity, thereby allowing their activation. | Medicine | The anti-PD1 antibody promotes the opsonization of the tumor cell and its elimination by phagocytic cells. | 185 | 4 | 06ebad3b-6db1-4c42-9e4b-f32864645a81 | 2020 |
The term "public health nurse" as a description of nurses who worked to promote health and prevent diseases in large concentrations of poor immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century, is attributed to: | Lillian Wald. | Cicely Saunders. | Patricia Benner. | Nursing | Cicely Williams. | 16 | 2 | abaf56f3-6409-46a6-a921-841b825427e1 | 2024 |
Who performed the first blood pressure measurement in 1733? | Ambroise Paré. | Stephen Hales. | Claude Bernard. | Nursing | Charles Gabriel Pravaz. | 17 | 1 | eebe9907-f11b-4c5f-95b1-d07461c82c80 | 2024 |
Which conceptual nursing model refers to resistance lines as representation of protective factors that help the patient defend against a stressor? | The conceptual system of Imogene M. King. | The conservation model of Myra Estrine Levine. | The adaptation model of Callista Roy. | Nursing | Betty Neuman's Systems Model. | 18 | 3 | ac52f054-c6b6-4e7b-86b5-152b18f3e5da | 2024 |
According to Patricia Benner and her Theory from Novice to Expert: Excellence and Mastery in Clinical Nursing Practice, when the nurse is able to recognize the most important aspects and has an intuitive mastery of the situation based on the previous information known, it corresponds to the stage of: | Advanced beginner. | Beginner. | Efficient. | Nursing | Competent. | 19 | 4 | 9d4816aa-073d-4ee1-a1f4-f1c5bf4b73d5 | 2024 |
Indicate the regulation where the details of the nursing care report are specified, which include, among other things, active nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes, and nursing interventions: | Law 11/2007, of June 22, on electronic access of citizens to Public Services and its development regulations. | Law 41/2002, of November 14, basic regulator of patient autonomy and rights and obligations in terms of information and clinical documentation. | Royal Decree 1093/2010, of September 3, which approves the minimum set of data for clinical reports in the National Health System. | Nursing | Law 16/2003, of May 28, on cohesion and quality of the National Health System. | 20 | 4 | 7693d51f-4b71-4132-a55a-c90f4b1e95a7 | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer in relation to the NANDA nursing diagnoses taxonomy 2021-2023: | One of the new diagnoses is maladaptive grief. | The diagnosis of neonatal hypothermia has been withdrawn. | The diagnosis ineffective self-management of family health has been withdrawn. | Nursing | The diagnosis of urinary incontinence associated with disability has been modified to functional urinary incontinence. | 21 | 2 | 7f504003-a28e-480f-a498-ff35e66b1a06 | 2024 |
According to Riegel, the theory of self-care for chronic diseases encompasses 3 key concepts, which are: | Education, compensation and maintenance. | Maintenance, monitoring and management of self-care. | Monitoring, compensation and support. | Nursing | Need, adaptation, and management of care. | 22 | 1 | 470b8d9b-14a7-48ad-b46c-2b792c184e7d | 2024 |
According to the Royal Decree 576/2023, of July 4, which modifies the Royal Decree 99/2011, of January 28, which regulates the official doctoral teachings, indicate the correct answer: | Access will be granted to those who hold official Spanish university degrees or equivalent Spanish titles, provided that they have completed at least 240 ECTS in the sum of these teachings and can accredit a level 3 in the Spanish Framework of Qualifications for Higher Education. | The duration of doctoral studies will be a maximum of three years full-time, or a maximum duration of six years part-time, counting from the date of enrollment in the program until the date of the submission of the doctoral thesis. | Those who are in possession of another Doctorate degree may access. | Nursing | University graduates who, after obtaining a place in training in the corresponding entrance exam for specialized health training positions, have successfully completed with positive evaluation at least one year of training in a program for the official degree of any of the specialties in Health Sciences, can access. | 23 | 4 | 21a4b38f-4e1d-4572-9ae5-d6ae89e80da3 | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer in relation to the rights and duties on the custody, protection or transfer of data in a care relationship: | The owner of the health information is the patient or user of the health system. In case of incapacity, the owner of the information will be the relatives connected to the patient for reasons of kinship or their legal representative, with no need to give the patient information adapted to their understanding or to obtain their explicit or tacit permission. | Users and patients of the health system have the obligation to provide the necessary data about their health status in a loyal manner, in accordance with truthfulness and contribute to its acquisition, especially in cases where it is necessary for healthcare reasons or matters of public interest. | Informed consent is essential for any health-related intervention, being especially necessary in cases of serious risk to the physical or psychological integrity of the patient or in cases of risk to public health. | Nursing | Personal data legally has the characteristic of being able to be used for a different purpose or one not compatible with the purpose for which they were collected, without legally obtaining the consent of the affected person, as long as the duty of confidentiality is not violated. | 24 | 1 | ff6577f4-83c9-4789-b45e-cad13647d955 | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer in relation to the ethical duty to ensure that the dignity of the person and their legitimate wishes are respected in the healthcare process at the end of life: | End-of-life care adapts actions and treatments to the main objective of relieving the patient's suffering and achieving maximum comfort while respecting their legitimate rights; representing the highest exponent of the bioethical principle of decision-making autonomy. | In the event that the patient has made a Living Will, Testamentary Will, or Advanced Directives, the instructions in such a document should prevail in every act derived from the care relationship, except in cases where treatments and therapeutic alternatives are provided to prolong the life of the patients. | The person who is in the final stages of life has the right at all times to receive information suitable to their wishes, understanding of language, and adapted to their current situation. Their wish to refuse the withdrawal of a treatment can only be carried out according to the law if it aligns with the clinical criterion. | Nursing | The person who is in the end-of-life process has the right to receive clinical information in a comprehensible, appropriate, and understandable terms, and, given the importance of this information, there is no possibility in this case for the patient to reject the information. | 25 | 2 | 16832101-2e80-4e4b-9586-8ce24f17685c | 2024 |
During the work of care and attention to patients, the bioethical principles of autonomy, justice, non-maleficence, and beneficence can conflict. Indicate the correct answer: | The principle of non-maleficence specifically determines the non-discrimination of any person in caregiving work, specially protecting those less fortunate individuals. | The bioethical principles of autonomy and beneficence will prevail in case of conflict with the bioethical principle of non-maleficence. | The principle of non-maleficence will prevail if it conflicts with the bioethical principle of beneficence. | Nursing | The principle of justice determines the personal freedom of each patient, who, well informed, decides on what is good for him. | 26 | 4 | 4a33d6bc-47e3-442d-9ab7-ad7bc1fbae99 | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer regarding the Organic Law 3/2021, of March 24, on the regulation of euthanasia: | The provision of aid for dying is not part of the benefits provided by the national health system except in cases where the patient is receiving palliative care. | Palliative care is protected and considered throughout the entire patient care process, and its implementation is restricted in case of an official request for euthanasia by the patient. | Informing the patient about their health situation is an obligation on the part of the medical staff and a right of each patient, except in the case where the patient refuses to be informed. | Nursing | The decision-making autonomy of the individual must be respected at all times, except in cases where such a decision contradicts the recommendations and clinical criteria of the healthcare staff. | 27 | 4 | 05b7e673-aba7-4fd9-816e-bdc098dd2d7d | 2024 |
In accordance with the provisions of Law 14/2007, of July 3, on Biomedical Research, in the case of research with cells and tissues intended for application in humans, the data to ensure traceability must be retained for at least: | Ten years. | Five years. | Thirty years. | Nursing | Twenty years. | 28 | 4 | 5ceb3e4b-b436-4260-8bef-f9d82ae7591f | 2024 |
According to Royal Decree 1591/2009, of October 16, which regulates medical products, the "CE" conformity marking will be: | Mandatory for all medical products manufactured outside of the European Union. | Recommended in case of manufacturers from the European Union. | Mandatory for products intended for scientific research. | Nursing | Mandatory for all healthcare products, except for custom-made products and those intended for scientific research. | 29 | 3 | 9f0af0fc-5d5b-420f-b50c-b3d812fcca2a | 2024 |
The use of a technique, technology, or procedure to determine its degree of safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency before deciding on the appropriateness or need for its effective inclusion in the service portfolio of the National Health System is called: | Supervised use. | Directed use. | Limited use. | Nursing | Experimental use. | 30 | 2 | 10ebcc91-bc02-4421-b9a5-3d60f7750f12 | 2024 |
The difference between PROM and PREM indicators is based on the fact that: | The PROMs are questionnaires that collect patient-reported outcomes and the PREMs are questionnaires that collect patient-reported experiences. | The PROMs are measured using the PaRIS Survey ("Patient-Reported Indicator Surveys") and the PREMs using the BeRLIn Survey ("Best Reports Leading Indicators). | PREMs allow for comparisons between patients' health status, while PROMs enable understanding of the patient's satisfaction. | Nursing | The objective of PROMs is to understand the patients' target health status, and the aim of PREMs is to understand their subjective health status. | 31 | 2 | 3d31dcde-4533-4e43-b69b-cc5eccaaa56f | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer regarding the characteristics of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle: | Tropomyosin is a key hormone in muscle contraction. | Tropomyosin is a key neurotransmitter in muscle contraction. | Tropomyosin closely depends on the concentration of calcium in the muscle cell to perform its function. | Nursing | Tropomyosin closely depends on the concentration of phosphorus in the muscle cell to perform its function. | 32 | 4 | b6419733-0e34-4636-bcfb-2fb0b1a2244b | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following statements best describes the role of senescent cells in the development of sarcopenia: | The effects of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) on cellular behavior in the context of tumor progression have not been demonstrated. | Senescent cells secrete inflammatory factors, known as "SenescenceAssociated Secretory Phenotype" (SASP), which can trigger a chronic inflammatory response in the muscle and exacerbate sarcopenia. | In sarcopenia, the increase of senescent cells in muscle tissue contributes to greater stimulation of the m-Tor anabolic pathway. | Nursing | The process for selectively eliminating senescent cells is called phenolysis and represents a potential strategy that can prevent or reverse sarcopenia. | 33 | 1 | 331d331c-1081-4922-bd7f-e0d0249c56ba | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following B group vitamins plays an important role in the metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine: | Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). | Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). | Vitamin B12 (cobalamin). | Nursing | Vitamin B3 (niacin). | 34 | 1 | 422de12c-c3ca-46c4-bf2a-248f188603b8 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following statements corresponds to the function of the gracilis muscle: | Adduct the thigh. | Stretch the buttock. | Abduct the gluteus. | Nursing | Extend the thigh. | 35 | 2 | 3df87ecf-5766-4510-a67f-a455b6b1c89e | 2024 |
Indicate the type of gender violence that: "occurs as a result of elements of culture and social organization, which are used to prevent the satisfaction of needs in the people who suffer it. This is a violence that originates and is based on the very norms and values that determine the established social order, and is perpetrated to maintain and restore it, not to attack it": | Obstetric violence. | Structural violence. | Economic Violence. | Nursing | Psychological violence. | 36 | 1 | 41072352-0172-407b-a2ef-3ab683a4b887 | 2024 |
Within the context of gender-based violence, when we talk about a term that "refers to the responsibilities and emotional burdens that, in the domestic sphere, end up falling on women, trapping them with the ties of affections that make it difficult or prevent their exit and personal development away from the family environment", we refer to: | Patriarchy. | Glass ceiling. | Gender gap at a vertical level. | Nursing | Sticky floor. | 37 | 3 | cc97a800-cb82-4f0f-bf1f-2562a3e414f5 | 2024 |
According to the current legal regulations in our country, and in line with the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention made in Istanbul on May 11, 2011, indicate what is considered a serious violation of reproductive rights and which constitutes a manifestation of violence against women: | The service of safe abortion and treatment of its possible complications. | Access to safe and modern contraceptive methods. | The prevention and treatment for sexually transmitted infections. | Nursing | Surrogacy or substitution gestation. | 38 | 3 | 757ed17a-77da-4310-a2d5-853022506354 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following is the standardized clinical method to evaluate the degree of tongue-tie and its impact on breastfeeding: | LATCH breastfeeding assessment scale. | Hazelbaker Tool. | Bayley Scale. | Nursing | Clements Test. | 39 | 1 | f7d87c9f-fd95-40fe-b0ef-dda93c782482 | 2024 |
In reference to fetal positioning, the relationship between the fetal longitudinal axis and the maternal longitudinal axis is called: | Situation. | Attitude. | Position. | Nursing | Introduction. | 40 | 2 | c73d3994-4658-4594-9cb1-cf3150eaa48c | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following alterations is considered a benign disorder, presenting without symptoms and without requiring therapy, and which usually occurs more frequently in the third trimester of pregnancy: | HELLP Syndrome. | Gestational thrombocytopenia. | Septic abortion. | Nursing | Acute fatty liver. | 41 | 1 | f6531de3-3bb0-4eab-94e8-951c669c601d | 2024 |
Nitrous oxide is the inhaled analgesic that is most commonly used during childbirth worldwide, with a concentration of this gas being used at: | 75%. | 100%. | 25%. | Nursing | 50% | 42 | 3 | 8d89b04e-cf60-4a47-a498-0e2bc4deb069 | 2024 |
In the recommendations by the WHO (World Health Organization) regarding sexually transmitted infections, it is recommended to use topical ocular prophylaxis for all newborns with the aim of preventing: | Influenza conjunctivitis. | Conjunctivitis due to the human papilloma virus (HPV) and HIV. | Gonococcal conjunctivitis and neonatal chlamydia. | Nursing | Syphilitic conjunctivitis and toxoplasmosis. | 43 | 4 | a4962ae1-7c63-4a4d-9015-70266c5259d5 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following is a protective factor related to uterine fibroids: | Black race women. | Early menarche. | Smoking. | Nursing | Nulliparity. | 44 | 4 | 5ddb9c8d-df59-4704-9cef-59002a0f2df1 | 2024 |
Feminizing hormone therapy is also called gender-affirming hormone therapy. Indicate which of the following is an absolute contraindication in estrogen treatment in transgender women: | Thromboembolic disease. | Grade I Obesity. | Diabetes Mellitus. | Nursing | Smoking. | 45 | 2 | 6e3200a0-b383-478e-bf06-2ac30d8c4b9f | 2024 |
Regarding breastfeeding and the reverse pressure softening (PIS) technique, indicate the correct answer: | The best time to apply the PIS is immediately after finishing the intake. | The reverse pressure softening can help promote grip when cracks occur in the nipple. | This technique should be applied only by a health professional. | Nursing | The pressure should not cause pain. To prevent pain or discomfort, less pressure should be applied for longer intervals. | 46 | 3 | 78f6b5b9-0dcb-4359-9a9f-09dc10251c54 | 2024 |
Indicate the correct answer about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men: | The soft chancre or chancroid is a bacterial infection whose etiological agent is Klebsiella granulomatis. | Non-gonococcal urethritis is generally caused by treponema pallidum. | In the infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis, it is common for men to show symptoms such as urethral discharge and discomfort when urinating. | Nursing | The most common manifestation of the clinical infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV), are the acuminate condylomas in the mucosal area of the genitals, skin of the penis, and scrotum. | 47 | 3 | 590935ca-578b-4ea0-bbdc-b42b3ae66133 | 2024 |
Indicate which of the following is the most common tendinopathy in postpartum women, due to the specific position of the hand and wrist required for the care of an infant: | De Quervain's Tenosynovitis. | Bicep tendinopathy. | Dupuytren's Disease. | Nursing | Achilles tendinopathy. | 48 | 2 | 64a709ef-47fc-41a2-9bee-293797bf3b79 | 2024 |
Regarding the classification of female genital mutilation, the partial or total resection of the clitoris and the minor lips, with or without excision of the major lips, is classified as: | Type II or Excision. | Type I or Clitoridectomy. | Type IV. | Nursing | Type III or Infibulation. | 49 | 2 | 1c909d44-3a1d-4b11-b16a-33573d04b9d4 | 2024 |
In relation to family planning in women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) of childbearing age, it is true that: | MS flare-ups increase during pregnancy, although the relapse rate is lower in the postpartum period. | Women should be advised about reproductive options at the time of diagnosis and before starting treatment with disease-modifying drugs, as it is recommended to discontinue them up to 6 months before conception. | Breastfeeding is contraindicated in all cases. | Nursing | Cesarean delivery is indicated in most cases, due to the muscular weakness of women with MS. | 50 | 1 | 90bbb625-2add-4e18-89ac-4f82e372a3ff | 2024 |
According to the consensus document from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition and the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEEN-SEN 2023), on optimizing the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and nutritional status in stroke units, what would be the nutritional actions during phase I or hospitalization? | In patients on an oral diet, regularly record the safety and effectiveness of the intake. | Establish enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube within the first 24 hours after a stroke if there is a nutritional risk. | Perform sarcopenia screening 7 days after the STROKE. | Nursing | Start oral nutritional supplement 48 hours after the STROKE with low glycemic index monomeric formula. | 51 | 2 | 08426b61-43c0-44dd-aad6-800e61f61550 | 2024 |
The Refeeding Syndrome (RS) is a complex disorder resulting from the introduction of nutritional support in malnourished patients or those with fasting periods. What alterations usually occur in this syndrome?: | Moderate hypophosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, increased protein catabolism, and vitamin A deficiency. | Severe hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, thiamine deficiency and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism. | Pyridoxine deficiency, severe hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia, and alterations in protein metabolism. | Nursing | Pyridoxine deficiency, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, severe hyperphosphatemia, and alterations in protein metabolism. | 52 | 1 | 9c97a563-125f-493b-bc83-5a870b8f7b56 | 2024 |
The guide from the Spanish Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SENPE), for the prevention of eating disorders, recommends that the goals of a nutritional education program aimed at achieving changes in eating behavior focus on the following aspects: | Provide support during the acceptance phase of the disorder, adjust caloric-protein requirements, calculate nutritional needs. | Promote group education, achieve a suitable weight, encourage contact with food. | Promote group education, follow common standards, inform about the caloric-protein content of food. | Nursing | Promote individualized education, normalize dietary patterns and behaviors, contribute to overcoming fear of certain foods. | 53 | 3 | 8205afc3-79d2-473b-882a-4956aa5c069d | 2024 |
It is correct about the main characteristics of refractory cachexia in the oncology patient: | Advanced disease that does not respond to antitumor treatment and life expectancy less than 3 months. | Sarcopenia and weight loss greater than 10%. | BMI below 18 kg/m2 and sarcopenia. | Nursing | Sarcopenia, advanced disease and life expectancy of less than 6 months. | 54 | 2 | 29d7c54a-8fdb-462f-9f3b-51a8720deb52 | 2024 |
What are the caloric and protein requirements in the geriatric population according to the guide of the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), on clinical nutrition and hydration in the elderly? | 1800 kcal daily for men and 1500 kcal for women. Individualize protein intake according to activity level, nutritional status, disease state and tolerance. | 30 kcal/kg body weight/day and at least 1 g of protein/kg body weight/day. Individualize according to activity level, nutritional status, disease state, and tolerance. | 2500 kcal daily in men and 2000 kcal in women. Ensure at least a contribution of 65 g. of proteins per day. | Nursing | 20 kcal/kg body weight/day and 0.8 g of proteins/kg body weight/day. Personalize according to level of activity, nutritional status, disease status, and tolerance. | 55 | 1 | 8779cef7-02eb-4c96-9870-143929341bc1 | 2024 |
What are the recent recommendations from the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), for a healthy and sustainable diet in regards to dairy products? | Preferably consume skimmed dairy products, with low sugar and salt content, up to 3 servings daily. | Consume 5 servings daily, preferably without added sugars and with low salt content. | Consume a maximum of 5 servings daily, without added sugars and low in salt, preferably in glass containers to reduce environmental impact. | Nursing | Consume a maximum of 3 servings daily, without added sugars and low in salt, preferably whole dairy products to avoid wasting and transforming the extracted fat. | 56 | 3 | 23bf4f21-d689-4136-8e6b-2409feeec3df | 2024 |
On what scale or questionnaire does the question appear: Are you satisfied with the help you receive from your family when you have a problem? | Zarit Scale. | Yessavage Depression Scale. | Family Apgar Questionnaire. | Nursing | Goldberg Depression Scale. | 57 | 4 | 874f626c-e61a-4528-aa4a-cdb96bdda529 | 2024 |
Which criterion is not considered valid for active recruitment of people aged 70 or more, according to the consensus document on prevention of frailty in the elderly? | FRAIL test ≥ 1 point. | Barthel Test < 90 points. | Walking speed over 4 meters <0.8 m/s. | Nursing | Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) <10 points. | 58 | 1 | 4103df12-e204-41a2-be23-11ae6d63bcc8 | 2024 |
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