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http://gigan.org/fromtheearthtothemoon.html | 2020-07-10T22:47:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655912255.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710210528-20200711000528-00437.warc.gz | 0.926183 | 584 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__155558109 | en | From the Earth to the Moon
"I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this time period will be more impressive to Mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space. And none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish." - President John F. Kennedy, 25 May 1961
release year: 1998
genre: space drama
viewing setting: home DVD 5/17-24/15
synopsis: This 12-part miniseries dramatizes the entire Apollo program and its efforts to put men on the moon and bring them back safely.
impressions: This is an in-depth look at the entire Apollo program, showing much of the behind-the-scenes efforts, the challenges that were faced and overcome, etc. There's a lot here that the average person isn't aware of, and if you have any interest at all in the space program and its history, you should watch this. Rather than provide episode briefs, I'll point out what topic each one focused on:
(1) - a brief recap of the early days of the space program and some of its triumphs
(2) - Apollo 1, a tragic fire on the launch pad, and the resultant investigation
(3) - Apollo 7, first manned mission after the disaster, and one that really needed to go smoothly
(4) - Apollo 8, set against the backdrop of a turbulent 1968
(5) - Apollo 9, and the design/testing of the lunar lander
(6) - Apollo 11, first moon landing (and Buzz Aldrin's desire to be the first man to walk on the moon)
(7) - Apollo 12, second moon landing (and great teamwork from an easygoing and enthusiastic crew)
(8) - Apollo 13, aborted moon mission turned attempt at survival (and the often-inconsiderate media coverage)
(9) - Apollo 14, Alan Shepard's return to spaceflight
(10) - Apollo 15, the first mission with a heavy geological focus (and the astronauts' training for such)
(11) - Apollo 16, and the space program from the perspective of the astronauts' wives (and the high divorce rate of those marriages)
(12) - Apollo 17, the last mission, set against the backdrop of a 1902 film about a trip to the moon
acting: There are dozens of actors used here; one of the most consistently-present was Nick Searcy (who would later play the chief marshal in Justified) as Deke Slayton, chief of the astronaut office.
final word: This is the most complete accounting of the Apollo space program ever filmed.
back to the main review page | aerospace |
https://topguidepro.com/best-drones-under-300-reviews/ | 2024-04-18T06:49:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817200.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418061950-20240418091950-00406.warc.gz | 0.933256 | 2,559 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__119848984 | en | Top Best Drones Under 300 in 2020 Reviews
Today, there are best drones under 300. And this is because the demand for drones has increased let alone technology being advanced. Although drones under 300 are cheaply priced, they work just like those expensive models. They also have features just like their costly counterparts. They are simple, and, therefore, can be used by anyone including beginners, starters, and kids, among others. They are the best bet for anyone on a budget. In these reviews, we have collected the best of the best. That said, be sure to go through each model before making up your mind about what you want to settle for.
Check out the Best Drones Under 300 in Reviews
1. Holy Stone F181C RC Quadcopter Drone
This drone under 300 gets the first spot in these reviews because of its amazing features. It has One Key Return and Headless Security System that makes it great to use by beginners. The two features prevent the drone from getting lost. Another stunning feature that this drone boasts of is the altitude hold function, which allows it to hover at the height it was before once you release the throttle stick. By so doing, the drone will present you with a great opportunity to shoot quality videos and images. The drone can do a forward, backward, right or left flip, and this is because of the One Key 360-degree 4-Ways Flip. It can fly up to 50 – 100 meters in 7 – 9 minutes.
- Very durable and flies well
- The drone has great lights for night flying
- Comes with two batteries
- The motor could be better
2. Holy Stone F181W Wifi FPV Drone
This is another stunning drone under 300 because, like the first one, it is loaded with a number of good features. It has the newest 720P 120-degree wide-angle High-Definition Wifi Camera that will let you take high-resolution videos and pictures during flight. It is also equipped with the built-in Wifi module that will allow you to see exactly what your camera sees with a live video on your mobile device by installing the app. Its air pressure altitude hold function enables you to release the throttle stick in order to keep the drone flying at the same height, so you can have an easy time shooting quality videos or images.
- Makes a great Christmas gift
- The camera works great with the phone app
- The seller offers great after-sale services
- Incredibly stable and flies well
- Sensitive to any kind of wind
3. Holy Stone GPS FPV RC Drone
What makes this drone under 300 worth regarding as one of the best is the optimized 720P 120° FOV FPV (First Person View) Wi-Fi Camera. The camera boasts a 90-degree adjustable angle, and this enables it to capture top-quality videos and photos. This means you will be able to enjoy the Real-Time Viewing right from your remote control. Because of the high performing camera, you will be able to catch every moment of your vacation from a birds-eye perspective. Another great feature of this drone is the Follow-Me Mode. It makes the drone automatically follow and capture you wherever you move. The flying time of this drone is 15 minutes, and this is because of the 2500mAh high-performance battery.
- Comes with a very good transmission range
- Very much responsive in high altitudes
- Has impressive stability even at high altitudes
- The picture quality is not the best
4. Holy Stone HS200 FPV RC Drone
Equipped with a First Person View (FPV) 720P High-Definition Real-Time Video Camera, this drone under 300 will help you take aerial photos and videos with your Android phone device or iPhone. It is also equipped with the altitude hold function to let you release the throttle stick and keep it hovering at its current height, so you can easily shoot quality videos and images. Another impressive feature of this RC drone is the mobile control function that makes it possible to control the drone via a smartphone app to activate several functions like Gravity SENSOR mode that will allow you to control the flight by moving and holding the smartphone accordingly.
- Makes a great Christmas present
- The seller’s customer service is outstanding
- Can fly in a fairly decent amount of wind
- Tends to fly away
5. Holy Stone HS110D FPV RC Drone
You can operate this drone via an App in a smartphone to activate innumerable functions. And this is because of the mobile control feature. The feature makes it possible to operate the function and flight in the App interface. In addition, this RC drone comes with a powerful 3.7V 1000mAh battery that has a high capacity to make flying times longer than ever before. There is also an altitude hold feature that suspends this quadcopter in mid-air even when your hands are off the joystick. This means you can enjoy hands-free moving. The drone is stable in mid-air, and it is extremely easy to control. With that said, it is great for beginners, newbies, and kids.
- The app is clean and refined
- The flip mode is a cool addition
- The 720P camera is great
- May arrive with power problems, but the manufacturer is always ready to help
6. Holy Stone HS200D FPV RC Drone
Holy Stone has equipped this drone under 300 with an advanced 120-degree wide-angle 720P HD camera. The camera is super easy to take down to ensure maximum convenience. It has a high-definition that enables it to capture memorable moments using your iPhone or Android device. This camera also enables the drone to perform the FPV streaming live video amazingly well. This means you will get a new perspective of an incredible world from the air. Like other drones from Holy Stone, the HS200D model has an altitude hold feature that will allow you to hover in a certain height after releasing the throttle stick. Moreover, the feature helps players from all levels to control this drone perfectly.
- The FPV is a wonderful feature
- The camera works really great
- Comes with extra batteries
- Transmitter joysticks are very responsive
- The drone can lose contact with the controller and fly away
7. Contixo F20 RC Remote App Controlled Quadcopter Drone
The Contixo F20 Drone is a high functioning model that can be used by anyone regardless of their experience level. Well, this is because of its advanced features such as Automatic Hovering (Auto Hover), Follow Me, 1-Key Takeoff & Landing, Auto-Hover in Circular, Fail-Safe Return To Home, and many more. The drone also has a built-in and integrated 1080P HD Wi-Fi Camera that will not only allow you to take photos but also record live videos. It is a remote and app-controlled drone that can be operated via a smartphone. In addition, this drone comes with a carrying case, which makes it safe and very convenient to carry.
- The Follow Me feature is not hard to figure out
- Takes good pictures and videos
- Great for beginners; easy to learn how to operate
- It may be defective because of the many features, but the manufacturer is always ready to assist
8. Holy Stone HS230 RC Racing FPV Drone
Experienced pilots should try out this drone under 300. It is equipped with a headless mode and 3D flip that makes it very easy to fly. The 3D flip enables the drone to pull out some tricks that will really entertain you. This drone comes with two powerful modular batteries, which in turn, come with 2 USB charging cables. This means you will be able to fly your drone for a pretty long time. Holy Stone has equipped this racing FPV drone with a powerful motor that ensures quick acceleration. As such, the drone can reach high speed up to 45km/h in just seconds. Holy Stone has also equipped the drone with a 120° 720P High-Definition modular camera to allow you to take and record beautiful, memorable and high-definition pictures and videos.
- Fast, agile, and ascends really quickly
- The drone can change the speed
- The instruction manual is easy to understand
- Not for beginners
9. DROCUN U818PLUS WiFi FPV Drone
Such functions as the headless mode, one-key takeoff/landing, emergency stop, out-of-range alarm, low power, and speed switch make this drone perfect for beginners and kids. The drone also boasts the altitude hold feature that further makes it very easy to use. The feature will allow you to fly the drone at a specified altitude not to mention making the drone fly in the default height and hover. Because of the improved 1,000mAh 7.4V LiPo battery, the drone can be flown up to 15 minutes. Its camera is also upgraded in the sense that it has a wide-angle lens and can record videos. The camera is anti-shake, meaning it will not be affected when the drone shakes while flying.
- Arrives nearly assembled to ensure optimum convenience
- The altitude hold feature makes the drone very easy to control
- Flies pretty smooth, and it is great for beginners
- The seller could be more supportive
10. Potensic T25 GPS FPV RC Drone
To make flying this drone under 300 much easier, Potensic has equipped it with GPS positioning + GLONASS positioning. The dual GPS feature will provide you with accurate positioning details of your drone. Another feature that makes this FPV RC drone easy to control is the Follow Me feature, which makes the drone automatically follow and capture you. The drone also has altitude hold, headless mode, and one-key takeoff/landing to further make it extremely easy to use. The 1080P (requires an SD card) HD Wi-Fi camera of this drone is also worth talking about. This is because it boasts a 90-degree adjustable angle and captures top-notch video and aerial photos.
- Easy to set up and calibrate
- Very responsive and accurate to the controller
- The battery takes around one hour
- Solid and takes nice pictures
- The price is great
- The battery seems to drain pretty fast
Buyer’s Guide for the Best Drone under 300
Choosing the best drone under 300 is now a breeze; thanks to the following factors.
Drones that fly for long are really fun to use. Therefore, you must make sure that your drone has a battery that lasts longer. The battery should also take a short time to charge to avoid the long waits and inconveniences. Plus if possible, consider drones that come with two batteries.
Ease of Use
More than a few people have bought drones only for them to fail to understand how to operate their drones. Therefore, if you want to avoid such issues, make sure that the drone you plan to buy has features that make it easy to use. These features are one-key takeoff/landing, altitude mode, and follow me. Ideally, you should ensure that the device you go for has an easy-to-understand and easy-to-read instruction manual.
To prevent glitches when using your drone, be sure to go for a model with a powerful motor. This means the motor should be able to propel your drone really well. Ideally, it should be able to power it extremely well even in high altitudes. Plus it should not heat up even when the drone is flown for long.
Although you should focus on the features of the drone, it should not be too much to the extent that you overlook the quality of the camera. After all, a drone’s camera is just as important as other essential features. That said, consider drones with 720P or 1080P HD cameras. Your drone’s camera should also have a wide-angle lens to capture images and videos as expected.
These drones under 300 do not cost much yet they work exactly like any other expensive model. Their cameras are clear and they have powerful motors. With that being said, we are pretty sure that you will not go wrong with any that you will settle for. | aerospace |
http://star-gazing.net/2016/07/12/the-depths-of-mare-ingenii/ | 2018-02-23T04:23:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814393.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223035527-20180223055527-00599.warc.gz | 0.905029 | 100 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__260458222 | en | NASA image release June 17, 2010
Impact craters are visible everywhere on the moon, but pits are rare. This pit in Mare Ingenii, the “sea of cleverness,” is about 130 meters (427 feet) in diameter! Image width is 550 meters (1,805 feet), illumination is from the upper right, LROC Frame: NAC M128202846LE.
Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University | aerospace |
https://drones.joomla.com/7-where-to-fly-a-drone-abroad | 2018-05-27T15:35:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794869272.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527151021-20180527171021-00561.warc.gz | 0.918964 | 3,646 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__85983597 | en | Where to fly a drone abroad
Here's where you're allowed to fly personal drones in the UK and other countries, and the laws to follow for safe flying.
By Jim Martin | 24 Jul 2017
Drones are so popular now that there's a UK dronecode: a simple set of rules to let you know where you can and can't fly one. We'll also list places where you're not allowed to fly - such as the Royal Parks.
We'll also explain the equivalent rules in certain other countries in case you want to take your drone on holiday to capture some great aerial video.
If you don't have a drone yet, then check out the best drones to buy and then our guide on how to fly a drone.
You can also jump straight to drone laws in Europe
Until their recent boom in popularity, drones were lumped in with ‘small unmanned aerial vehicles’ on the CAA's website and you had to try to figure out which rules applied to modern quadcopters.
Now, the site has a page dedicated to drones which outlines the most important rules. This is the basic Dronecode:
Keep your drone within your line of sight and at a maximum height of 400ft (122m)
Make sure your drone is within 500m from you horizontally
Always fly your drone well away from aircraft, helicopters, airports and airfields
If fitted with a camera, a drone must be flown at last 50m away from a person, vehicle, building or structure not owned or controlled by the pilot.
Camera-equipped drones must not be flown within 150m of a congested area or large group of people, such as a sporting event or concert
Many quadcopters, including DJI’s Phantom 4, are capable of flying much higher than the limit, so it’s easy to unwittingly break the law. The reason for choosing 400 feet, according to the CAA, is because this is generally what is measured as the limit of normal, unaided sight.
Horizontally, the limit on flying is 500 metres from you – considerably further than 400ft. In practice, it's easy to lose track of a drone at around 200-250m away from you. The important thing is to make sure you can see the drone you're controlling as you're responsible for it.
As long as you abide by these rules, you won’t get into trouble. There have only been a few cases so far of drone owners being prosecuted and they typically involve people blatantly flouting the rules.
UK drone law and no-fly zones
Where can I fly a drone in the UK?
Unless you have a huge back garden it's usually impossible to fly your new drone because of limited space and the potential for crashing, but your neighbours could also make a complaint – especially if your drone has an obvious camera.
You may well be able to fly in your local park, but always check before you fly. Some parks have signage which explains what is and isn't permitted. You might see a 'no model aircraft' sign, which also includes drones.
All eight of London's Royal Parks are no-drone zones, as are many of the commons including Wimbledon Common, Putney Common, Clapham Common. You're not allowed to fly any model aircraft or even a kite at these sites.
You can fly on the heaths such as Hampstead Heath and Blackheath, although this may not be the case for long as these spaces, too, are under pressure to restrict the use of drones.
In the borough of Lambeth, you will have to have a commercial licence to fly as hobbyists are considered no different from commercial operators.
In Hackney, you need to fill out an application form.
Chelsea is a 'congested area' so you cannot fly there at all. It's the same for Lewisham, Dagenham, Barking and Redbridge.
In Bexley, drones are banned from all parks and open spaces.
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You can fly in parks in Ealing, though.
Greenwich, Barnet and Camden don't have a drone policy, but as mentioned, you can't fly in Greenwich Park.
In Islington and Sutton, just be careful to fly without causing a nuisance. This is a much more sensible policy that banning drones from all parks open spaces: as it effectively means you cannot fly.
If you're unsure, check with the local council before flying. There's still confusion in some areas about whether drones are permitted or not, so don't be surprised if you can't get a clear answer.
Other restricted areas
These are the places we know about - if your local park or open space has restrictions, let us know.
All parks and open spaces in Derby are now no-fly-zones.
Although extremely unhelpful because of it's lack of clear guidance, the Lake District's website appears to suggest that you can fly drones under 20kg in the National Park.
Bye-laws in the Peak District National Park mean you cannot fly drones. The website is a clearer, explaining you can't fly in the park and you must obtain permission from any land that isn't part of the National Park, such as on National Trust land.
It's not permitted to fly a drone in the New Forest either.
Can I fly over someone's land?
You need permission from the owner of the land if you will take off or land on their property.
Flying over someone's property is more of a grey area. Currently, the rights of a property owner are restricted in relation to the airspace above his or her land to such a height as is necessary for the ordinary use and enjoyment of his land.
In other words, you can fly in the airspace over their land (but not higher than the general rule of 400ft) as long as you do not cause a nuisance, infringe their privacy or otherwise interfere with the "ordinary use and enjoyment" of the land.
It would be down to a a judge to decide whether or not a drone pilot was infringing these rights, should a case go to court.
UK no-fly zones
UK drone law - Drone Assist app
Of course, there are some areas you cannot fly at all, such as near airports, power stations and military bases.
These are called no-fly-zones and there's an app, the NATS Drone Assist, which is available for Android and iOS. This requires you to sign up for an account with an email address, rather than being a simple map overlay.
As well as restricted airspace, the app displays ground 'hazards' such as powerlines, railway lines, schools, petrol stations and other areas where you should be cautious of flying.
It also shows areas, such as parks, where you must be careful of flying near people congregating.
Assuming you're satisfied that it's ok to fly somewhere, you must still obey the minimum and maximum distance rules of the Dronecode.
Do I need a permit or to register my drone?
Not yet, but the UK government is planning to bring in registration soon along with safety tests.
Any recreational drone weighing more than 250 grams will have to be registered. Ministers also want drones to be 'electronically identifiable' on the ground so their owners can be tracked.
They are also proposing increases to the maximum fine for flying a a no-fly zone, which is currently limited to £2,500.
If you're planning to use your drone for paid work you will need Permission for Aerial Work, which has to be renewed annually. You can find out more on the CAA's website.
The law may be different in other countries. Sweden, for example, now requires drone owners to acquire a permit before flying - as the government deems the drones 'surveillance devices', even if they don't have a camera installed.
Drone safety and insurance
The final part of the dronecode is to fly safely. Each flight is your responsibility, which means you are liable for any damage caused by your drone. It’s worth checking if your home insurance covers this and, if not, get a dedicated policy.
You don't have to have drone insurance by law, but it's a good idea. It costs around £35 per year and there are lots of providers (just search drone insurance UK). These will give you personal public liability insurance which will protect you against claims if you crash into and damage someone's property or injure someone with your drone.
You can also take precautions against failure such as these 7 pre-flight checks which you should do before letting your drone leave the ground.
Also note that recklessly endangering an aircraft in flight is a criminal offence in the UK, and anyone convicted of the charge can face a prison term. So if you live near an airport, make sure you’re flying low.
Some drones (including DJI Phantoms) have the capacity to geo-fence restricted areas, such as airports. They can also use them for ‘beginner’ modes which limit the height and distance the quadcopter can fly away from you. However, most don’t so it’s up to you to ensure you fly it safely.
First Person View & FPV racing
Since many drones have – or can be fitted with – a camera, it’s possible to buy an FPV kit and fly it using a live video stream from the camera. This is done from a video screen or special goggles, but presents a problem as you won’t have line of sight with the drone: you’re not looking directly at it.
To get around this, the FPV UK organisation worked to get an exemption for this type of drone flying and it’s legal as long as you have a ‘spotter’ who can keep the drone in their line of sight while you fly it. You can find out more at the FPVUK website
What are the drone laws in Europe?
The rules below were correct in April 2017 and are just a summary, not an exhaustive list of all regulations. Aside from a few specifics, they are much the same as the UK. In general, be sensible and don't fly over groups of people, over cities or near airports. As long as you don't endanger people, buildings or vehicles, you should be ok. But always check the latest regulations and rules in local parks before you fly.
Keep the drone in your line of sight and below 500ft at all times
Maintain a safe distance from people and vehicles and never fly over crowds
Don’t fly near to airfields, ensure you are at least 5km away (15km for larger sites)
No flying over ‘strategic sites’ such a power plants, national monuments or military bases without receiving prior permission
Do not fly your drone at night
Don’t use the drone’s camera to record people or vehicles without permission and never store or distribute footage without the subject’s explicit agreement
Keep the drone within sight of the pilot, (200-300m). Some areas restrict the height of such flights to between 30 and 100m, so check with local authorities.
Don't fly within 1.5km of airports
The government district in Berlin is a no-fly zone
Drones under 5kg have are exempt from specific legal aviation requirements
You need permission to fly above military installations, power plants, industrial zones, accident scenes and large crowds
There's a new app called DFS-DrohnenApp which you can download for iOS and Android that will tell you where you can and can't fly in Germany.
Keep the drone in your line of sight and below 120m (400ft) at all times
Don't fly over groups of people at parks, beaches, concerts, processions, crowds etc
Don’t fly near to airfields or aerodromes
No flying over urban zones, such as cities
Do not fly at night
Here's a helpful map of Spain's no-fly zones
Fly below 230ft
Keep the drone within 490ft horizontally
You may not fly your drone over densely populated areas, crowds, beaches, national parks, railways, roads or industrial plants
Fly at least 8km away from aerodromes
Do not fly at night
You must fly at least 50m away from people or property
You must have third party insurance
Do not carry dangerous goods on your drone
For more countries, see Heliguy's global guide.
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https://alexpages.net/space-dynamics-laboratory-cameras-allow-nasa-mission-to-discover-space-reached-by-volcanic-eruption/ | 2022-12-06T19:54:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711114.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206192947-20221206222947-00359.warc.gz | 0.918541 | 795 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__295991521 | en | Space Dynamics Laboratory cameras allow NASA mission to discover space reached by volcanic eruption
Press release from: Spatial Dynamics Laboratory
Posted: Tuesday June 14th 2022
NORTH LOGAN, Utah, June 14, 2022 – In a recent study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, researchers used data provided by NASA’s Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite, or ICON, to conclude that the effects of an eruption volcanic earlier this year reached space. Utah State University’s Space Dynamics Laboratory developed cameras in two of the main instruments aboard ICON and led payload integration and test activities for NASA.
On January 15, 2022, an underwater volcano erupted 65 kilometers north of the Tongan island of Tongatapu. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption has been heard from Australia to Alaska. A shock wave from the explosion traveled 300 meters per second through the atmosphere, carrying with it a giant plume of gas, water vapor and dust, according to NASA. Along with data obtained from the European Space Agency’s Swarm satellites, the ICON data helped scientists determine that the effects of the volcanic eruption were producing winds of up to 724 kilometers per hour and unusual electrical currents in the ionosphere.
The ionosphere is the region of the Earth’s atmosphere approximately 80 to 1,000 kilometers above sea level where space weather and Earth weather merge. Scientists have realized that the effects of Earth’s weather play a role in space weather. Space weather anomalies can impact human space missions as well as satellites that provide critical applications for communications, banking, navigation, weather forecasting, and more.
The camera developed by SDL for the Michelson Interferometer for High-Resolution Worldwide Thermospheric Imaging – or MIGHTI – on board the ICON satellite provided scientists with neutral wind profiles between 90 and 300 kilometers in altitude that were derived from remote observations of green and red glow emissions.
“Launched in October 2019, ICON helps scientists better understand how space weather interacts with phenomena on Earth such as the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption,” said Alan Thurgood, Director of Civil Space and commercial at SDL. “SDL is proud to have provided enabling technology for NASA’s ICON mission, helping scientists learn more about this relatively unknown region on the periphery of our atmosphere. Dedicated SDL employees are hard at work on the next atmospheric wave experiment, which will further enhance knowledge of important phenomena that can affect daily activities on Earth.
In 2019, NASA chose SDL to build an instrument that will further study how phenomena on Earth, such as volcanic eruptions, winds rushing up over mountain ranges or large thunderstorms, affect the space weather. Scheduled for launch in 2023, NASA’s Atmospheric Wave Experiment, or AWE, is led by USU physics professor Michael J. Taylor. AWE will fly on the International Space Station to study atmospheric gravity waves in Earth’s atmosphere to help scientists gain a deeper understanding of the connections caused by climate systems through our atmosphere and between the atmosphere and the Earth. space.
SDL also provides overall mission management, including project management, systems engineering, security and mission assurance, and mission operations for AWE.
Since 1959, SDL has been solving technical challenges faced by the military, scientific community and industry and supporting NASA’s mission to advance science, technology, aeronautics and space exploration to improve knowledge, education, innovation, economic vitality and stewardship. of the earth. SDL is a research laboratory headquartered in North Logan, UT, with offices in Albuquerque, NM; Colorado Springs, CO; Dayton, Ohio; Houston, TX; Huntsville, AL; Los Angeles, CA; Stafford, Virginia; and Washington, DC. For more information, visit www.sdl.usu.edu.
// end // | aerospace |
http://webster.hibo.no/asf/Cold_War/report1/williame.html | 2013-12-07T06:01:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163053608/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131733-00001-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.96671 | 15,317 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__93621200 | en | By William E. Burrows:
Mankind has been captivated by flying at least since the beginning of recorded history and no doubt long before that. I suppose Freudians would call it "bird envy." The story of Daedalus in Greek mythology is well known. So is that of his son, Icarus, who became humanity's first known aerial casualty as a result of "leaving his wing man," as Hollywood script writers would call it.
Whatever else lured Daedalus and the mortals who came after him into the air, from the Montgolfiers to the Wright brothers to Bleriot, Korolev, Earhart and beyond -- and there were a great many complex reasons, spiritual as well as practical -observation of terra firma was among the most compelling. Whether the flier is a hawk searching for lunch or a reconnaissance pilot searching for the enemy, height gives tremendous advantage because it extends the view. All things being equal -- chiefly clarity of vision -- advantage increases in proportion to altitude. That is why balloons were used by Napoleon's army in Egypt and by the Army of the Potomac, why military aircraft were first used for observation, and why RAND Corporation engineers assigned the same role to satellites as early as 1946: eleven years before one actually flew.1
Practical space-based intelligence collection was conceived in the first flushes of the Cold War and was increasingly driven by it as both sides' positions hardened. Obvious civilian uses of space imagery, such as weather prediction and resource monitoring, had been postulated in concrete terms for years.2 Tiros, the first weather satellite, was launched successfully for the first time in April 1960. The first Earth Resources Technology Satellite, later named Landsat, was put in orbit in July 1972.
But it was national security, not civilian applications, that drove remote sensing. The brief reference to the military potential of Earth observation in that 1946 RAND report was followed by a spate of more detailed studies, including RAND's "Utility of a Satellite Vehicle for Reconnaissance," a 139-page, detailed engineering study of rocketing a television camera into orbit that was issued in April 1951 (during the Korean War). Throughout that decade, a multi-faceted project called Weapon System 117L, which was to spawn three different types of generic Earth observation techniques, was pushed hard. This occurred for two reasons:
First, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, its proxies, and the People's Republic of China, spread from Berlin to the Bering Strait, giving Communism control of a land mass -- what Sir Halford Mackinder called the World Island -- that extended across eleven of the twenty-four times zones. More to the point, that vast area was essentially an intelligence void. Brutal, paranoid regimes protected their secrets with pervasive repression behind tightly sealed frontiers.
"Our knowledge of what was going on inside the U.S.S.R. was desperately weak", Dr. George B. Kistiakowsky, the Harvard chemist who became Dwight Eisenhower's science adviser, recalled in an interview in 1981. "Much information had originally come from German engineers who had worked in the U.S.S.R. But they were never trusted very much by the Russians], and as the Soviets got better at nuclear weapons and guided missiles, the Germans were separated and finally allowed to emigrate to the West," he said. Spies who were dropped out of the sky or who landed by submarine were "intercepted and liquidated," Kistiakowsky added, and most defectors were all but worthless. "Generally, it was pitiful. It was clear that the time of Mata Hari had passed."3
In addition, fear of a devastating surprise attack began to take hold in Washington as one threatening event followed another with seeming
relentlessness: the successful testing of a Soviet atomic bomb in 1949 and a hydrogen bomb four years later; the production of long-range bombers; then the development of an intercontinental ballistic missile capability. The first three Sputniks were less important for the technology they carried than for the fact that they demonstrated that the Soviets had the capacity to loft heavy warheads over the Arctic to the heart of North America. They seemed to demonstrate that, for all his bombast, Nikita Khrushchev's threats were not idle.
"This was at a time when the Pearl Harbor surprise attack was still very much on everyone's mind," Richard M. Bissell Jr., who was to direct satellite reconnaissance against the Soviet Union after the U-2 program ended, would recall.4
The "Pearl Harbor" mentality in fact had driven reconnaissance almost as far back as the beginning of the Truman presidency, with both his and Ike's taking extraordinary measures to steal glimpses over the Iron Curtain. During the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s, aerial reconnaissance missions along the Communist periphery were flown almost continuously. However splendid the U-2 -- and it was splendid indeed -- the brunt of the penetrations fell to birds that lumbered rather than soared.
In many instances, frustrated planners sent converted bombers and other modified aircraft deep inside Communist territory to photograph military installations, ferret radar, and eavesdrop on communication. This was done at great risk to the crews, some of which paid with their lives for the data they sought.5
What was not appreciated in the heat of the moment was that the Soviet Union also had a "Pearl Harbor" mentality and, the Kremlin's inherent paranoia notwithstanding, with good reason. Unlike the United States, the U.S.S.R. was betrayed when the Nazis invaded in 1941 after signing a non-aggression pact with the Kremlin only two years earlier. The United States emerged from World War II in justifiable grief for the 450,000 men and women it lost in combat. Yet no bomb fell on the continental United States
and the war itself lifted the country out of the Depression. The Soviet Union, by contrast, lost some 27 million in the Great Patriotic War and suffered unspeakable hardship and devastation. It lost twice as many people in the siege of Leningrad alone as all American casualties combined. As the Cold War deepened, it found itself ringed by Western military and intelligence bases, including the one here, and facing an opponent that had no apparent qualm about using nuclear weapons.
For all the U-2s, RB-29S, RB-50s, RB-47S and 57s and assorted Navy aircraft accomplished, they had an obvious drawback: they were potentially vulnerable to aircraft and rocket attack. This in turn forced the United States to use them with great prudence. Crossing the breadth of U.S.S.R., for example, would invite disaster and it was therefore done with great reluctance. The first time a U-2 was sent on a true crosscountry mission, as you know, Powers was shot down. As you also know, Eisenhower and the national intelligence apparatus not only anticipated that day, but were amazed that the operation lasted as long as it did.3
In anticipation of that day, and also because coverage from Earth orbit would vastly increase the intelligence "take" while maximizing the safety of the unmanned platform, the RAND Corporation and other organizations, including the Air Force's Air Research and Development Command, began intensive studies on space reconnaissance. Serious satellite studies began with that 1946 RAND study, which showed that it was technically feasible to launch Earth satellites and that using them for reconnaissance -as "observation aircraft" -- would be an obvious mission .7
That first RAND report was followed by many others, beginning in 1947, that went into considerable engineering detail about possible reconnaissance systems, including weather reconnaissance. The 1947 study, led by James E. Lipp, the head of RAND's Missile Division, specifically mentioned the merits
of space photography. "A satellite traveling over the poles, with a period one complete orbit of about one and a half hours," it noted, "would scan the oceans at least once every day...."8
There are an almost infinite number of orbits, each best suited for a particular function. It was known before the space age even began, for example, that a satellite that orbits at a distance of 22,300 miles above the Equator will stay over the same spot on Earth all the time. It is said to be in a geostationary orbit, which is particularly well suited tostening to communication traffic across large regions, monitoring missile telemetry, and watching for a ballistic missile attack with infrared heat sensors. One of the satellites that will shortly be mentioned was to be the first to play the role of attack watchman. On the other hand, a satellite that flies low over the poles has the whole planet turn under it on every orbit, which is perfect for being able to photograph anything. Thus, high-inclination orbits at low altitude -typically 100-125 miles -- are photo-reconnaissance orbits.
In July 1956 -- at about the time the first U-2 penetrated the Soviet Union -- the various reconnaissance satellite studies came together in a single program: Weapon System-117L. Under its terms, the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company and various subcontractors were to develop Earth observation satellites in three distinct programs:
- CORONA, which would use satellites called Discoverer to take standard photographs and then fire the capsules that contained them out of orbit so they could descend into the atmosphere under parachutes and be snatched in mid-air by aircraft trailing trapezes;
* SAMOS, in which photographs would be taken, processed, line-scanned by a videcon camera and sent by radio signal to ground stations in a way similar to television transmission. This program, which was plagued by inordinate trouble at first, would eventually realize the space spy's old Buck Rogers dream. They would provide so-called near-real-time imagery. That is,intelligence pictures would be ready for use within ninety minutes of having been taken;
*MIDAS, the Missile Defense Alarm System, would use supercooled infrared sensors at the end of powerful telescopes parked out at geostationary orbit to warn of a missile attack against the United States and its allies by tracking the heat plumes made by the missiles. It would also observe missile tests in the Soviet Union, China and elsewhere. MIDAS's successors, spacecraft in the ambiguously-named Defense Support Program, would be so sophisticated that their computers could tell what sort of missile had been launched by the "signature" of its heat plume.9
The technology proved extremely difficult to master and involved several steps. The easiest was getting the spacecraft to orbit, which required the brute power of a ballistic missile and a series of straightforward engineering calculations. The wild card in all launches was, and remains, the dependability of the rockets themselves, however. While the Swiss watch analogy has been worked to death, it is fair to say that liquid fueled rockets, particularly when used in multiple-stages, are immensely complicated and potentially explosive devices. Designing cameras that would take clear, high-resolution pictures from 100 miles or higher was even more difficult. More difficult still was keeping the satellite absolutely steady so the pictures would not blur and then getting them back down.
The technology, however, paled in comparison to the politics. The history of post war strategic reconnaissance is one of intense rivalry between the armed services and, to a greater extent, between the Air Force and the CIA. For years the soldiers and civilians were embroiled in running battles over which was going to control the satellites and their intelligence "product," or "take" as they are called in the business.
"You can have no idea how big this is," Major General George J. Keegan Jr. told me in June 1984. "Reconnaissance and its elements have become an immense source of power and control. It's at the center of the maelstrom."10 Keegan certainly knew. As head of Air Force intelligence in the 1970s, he engaged in a protracted, bloody battle with the CIA over how intelligence that came down from space was to be interpreted.
It was and remains a source of power and control because it determines how the enemy is perceived and therefore what the response should be. Controlling the spacecraft and selecting their targets determines what gets photographed. Controlling the interpretation of the photographs determines what is deemed to be a threat and what can be played down or ignored. Controlling access to the data determines whether a given interpretation is challenged or not. Controlling what the president or Congress or the prime minister or the premier or the first secretary sees determines whether there will be a response and, if so, what it will be. Implicit in all this is the fact that controlling the intelligence collection process -- shaping the perception of the threat -- can heavily determine military appropriations. All of the great battles between the CIA and the Air Force, in fact, were fought during lean years.
Not unnaturally, Air Force generals tend to swell the number of planes and ICBMs in the enemy's possession, while admirals do the same with submarines and carriers and army officers do it with tanks, tactical missiles, and regiments under arms. If the threat is not exactly invented in each case, certainly the evidence tends to be interpreted in a way that emphasizes or exaggerates enemy strength with the expectation that it will help fatten the war chest. Reports of vast numbers of Soviet bombers in the early and mid-1950s, for example, helped to win a variety of fighter-interceptors and bombers for the Air Force before the so-called "bomber gap" (followed by the "missile gap") was shown by both U-2 and space reconnaissance to be a myth.
Knowing this tendency only too well, Eisenhower was adamant that the military, and specifically the Air Force, neither operate the spacecraft nor
have decisive control over the targets to be photographed and the interpretation and analysis of those photographs. Ike, who would warn of the "military-industrial complex" in his farewell address in February 1961, insisted that the reconnaissance establishment be run by civilians.
The heart of that multi-faceted establishment was the National Reconnaissance Program. At its heart was (and is) the National Reconnaissance Office, or NRO, which was formally conceived in Eisenhower's office on the morning of August 25, 1960. The first fully successful space reconnaissance flight had taken place exactly a week earlier. That morning the President and his top advisers, including CIA Director Allen Dulles, were stunned by photographs showing 1.5 million square miles of Soviet and East European territory, including sixty-four air bases and twenty-six new SAM sites taken by a spy satellite called Discoverer 14, which was part of the CORONA program.11
Until its existence was officially made public on September 18, 1992, the NRO operated under the guise of the Air Force's Office of Space Systems in the Pentagon and was the most secret, or blackest, organization in the intelligence community.12 The NRO is responsible for the development and operation of all U.S. reconnaissance satellites and strategic reconnaissance aircraft such as the U-2 and its supersonic replacement, the SR-71A. But the operative word is "National." The director of the NRO was for years an under secretary of Defense and the deputy director has come from the CIA, both of them civilians. The Director of Central Intelligence, working with a committee of representatives of the armed services and other relevant agencies, decides on collection priorities and the frequency of coverage.l3
The invention of the NRO effectively took the Air Force out of the technical intelligence collection loop. But that did not end interservice rivalry or rancor between the air generals and the CIA, which some of the generals (including Keegan) despised for what they took to be meddling and a relentless attempt to extend its domain. In December 1963, for example, Gen. Bernard A. Schriever, head of the Air Force Systems Command, wrote an angry letter to Air Force Chief of Staff Curtis E. LeMay complaining
about the CIA's establishing its own Foreign Missile and Space Analysis Center (FMSAC). Analysis of enemy missiles and space activities was taken by both men to be the exclusive purview of their own service, and most emphatically not in the civilian sector.
"We can no more rely upon CIA for critical technical intelligence than we can rely on CIA for target intelligence," Schriever complained. "CIA must be restrained from duplicating and eroding DOD (Department of Defense] technical intelligence capabilities which are vital to military technology just as CIA has been restrained from duplicating DOD strategic bombing intelligence."14
Amrom H. Ratz, who with Merton E. Davies, pioneered space reconnaissance research at RAND, wrote a report in i959 recommending that the Air Force develop its own weather satellite: a "cloud-spotter" that would tell a reconnaissance satellite heading toward a target covered by a blanket of clouds, "not now, Jack, save yourself for the next orbit." But Katz -- a truly zany character with a wry sense of humor -- was so leery of stepping onto the civilian weathermen's turf, that he further suggested calling the spacecraft a "Cloud Reconnaissance Satellite." "If we claim this is a weather or meteorological satellite," he predicted, "various political and jurisdictional hackles at NASA and DOD, and US Weather Bureau levels will rise to the occasion. This we really don't need. We feel that sleeping hackles should be left lying." 15
As late as 1984, Keegan remained convinced that the CIA glossed over or simply ignored satellite photographs by the score that showed a massive bomb shelter construction program going on in the Soviet Union. The CIA ignored the evidence, he said, because the White House wanted the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty. SALT's linchpin was the ABM treaty, which prohibits deployment of all but a handful of anti-ballistic missiles. That, in turn, rested on the doctrine of Mutual Assured Destruction, or MAD, which had it that each side held the other hostage, knowing that neither would survive an all-out nuclear exchange. But if one side did indeed believe it could survive such a war, it would be tempted to strike first and
use ABMs to intercept enemy warheads, riding out the explosions of any that penetrated the shield. Treaty or no treaty, Keegan maintained, the men in the Kremlin believed that bomb shelters would be decisive in the event of war, allowing them to go for the jugular and survive the consequences.
"There were incredible photographs of civil defenses of-all types going up all over the Soviet Union," he recalled. "They showed the basements of every new apartment house under construction, with the foundations being made up of massive civil defense shelters -- blast doors, reinforced walls -- as good photographs as you could find anywhere." Satellite imagery showed that seventy-five shelter-command posts, each the size of the Pentagon, had been dug along the Moscow beltway and then covered. "Filled and covered with what?" Keegan asked, rhetorically. "One with 100 feet of reinforced concrete and 400 feet of earth fill," he answered. That," Keegan continued, "is two or three times the strength of the Hoover Dam." He went on to criticize then-Director of Central Intelligence William E. Colby who, he asserted, lied about the existence of the shelters because he wanted the arms control agreements.16 Colby claimed several years later that he could recall no such intelligence.17
Space reconnaissance began with the flight of Discoverer 14, which flew within four months of Powers' being shot down. The first twelve Discoverers went awry between February 28, 1959 and June 29, 1960. Some never made it to orbit. One misfired on the launch pad. Two went into useless orbits. Three had camera failures. One came down near Spitsbergen and was presumably never found. It was, in Bissell's words, "a most heartbreaking business."18 Then why press on?
"The answer lay in the overwhelming intelligence needs of the period," according to the CIA's own history of Corona. "There had been major changes in intelligence estimates of Soviet nuclear capabilities and of the
scope of the Soviet missile program on the basis of the results of the relatively small number of U-2 missions approved for the summer of 1957. However, by 1959, the great 'missile gap' controversy was very much in the fore. The Soviets had tested ICBMs at ranges of 5,000 miles, proving that they had a capability of building and operating them. What was not known was where they were deploying them operationally, and in what numbers. In the preparation of the National Intelligence Estimate on Guided Missiles in the fall of 1959, the various intelligence agencies held widely diverse views on Soviet missile strength. Nineteen Sixty ushered in an election year in which the missile gap had become a grave political issue, and the President was scheduled to meet with Soviet leaders that spring without -- it appeared -- the benefit of hard intelligence data. The U-2 had improved our knowledge of the Soviet Union, but it could not provide area coverage and the answers to the critical questions, and it was increasingly becoming less an intelligence asset than a political liability. It was judged to be only a matter of time until one was shot down -- with the program coming to an end as an almost certain consequence.19
Discoverer's role as a reconnaissance satellite was in fact an open secret by the time that fourteenth flight was made. The spacecraft's' name was a double entendre. Although they were supposed to "discover" military secrets, the cover story had it that they were designed to "discover" scientific truth: that they were to support the manned Mercury program, including by carrying animals. In fact, only one Discoverer -- number three -actually carried living creatures. What happened to four "trained" black mice, each with a tiny radio on its back, warrants a digression taken from the CIA's own account of the episode:
"Just before the first try at launch, telemetry indicated a lack of mouse activity. It was thought at first that the little fellows were merely asleep, so a technician was sent up in a cherry-picker to arouse them. He banged on the side of the vehicle a Lockheed Agena which carried the rodents instead of a camera and tried catcalls, but to no avail. When the capsule was opened, the mice were found to be dead. The cages had been sprayed with krylon to cover rough edges; the mice had found it tastier than their formula; and that
was that." When Discoverer 3 was finally launched with a "back-up crew," a malfunction sent it and the mice to the bottom of the Pacific .20
Meanwhile the Air Force, now locked in battle with the CIA, embarked on a public relations campaign that led to confusion about what could be released to the public and what could not be released. Thus one respected space writer was told that Discoverer's prime contractor was the Lockheed Missiles and Space Division at Sunnyvale, California, for example; that the spacecraft flew a polar orbit with a low perigee; and that they would maintain three-axis stabilization through the use of a horizon scanner made by Detroit Controls, gyroscopes made by Reeves Instruments, and small steering jets manufactured by the Bendix Aviation Corporation. Having described orbital parameters and technical details that would lead any knowledgeable reader to conclude that Discoverer was a photographic reconnaissance satellite -- all of it provided by the Department of Defense -the author also passed on the official charade, describing Discoverer's mission as obtaining "valuable data on environmental conditions" for the manned space program.21
Aviation Week matter-of-factly chronicled the birth of U.S. space reconnaissance even before it began. A spate of detailed articles, including one in the February 8, 1960 issue that provided details of how the "advanced reconnaissance systems" were to be flown, ran throughout 1960 and into the following year. 22 In August 1960, the magazine reported the successful splashdown of Discoverer 13 near Oahu, noting that "Successful recovery came as a close examination of the satellite reconnaissance concept and its technical feasibility was in progress...."
General Schriever, then head of the Air Force's Air Research and Development Command, was reported to have "indicated" that the mission's success would benefit both reconnaissance and the Mercury manned spaceflight programs. 23 In an article complete with a diagram of Discoverer's guidance and control system and a picture of its innards (less camera), Aviation Week reported in January 1961 that "Major guidance and control system components projected for the Air Force's reconnaissance (Samos) and
missile detection (Midas) satellites are undergoing extensive flighttesting in the Discoverer test satellites."24
The Russians were not fooled by the cover, either. Neither was The New York Times. An article by an apparachik named Grigori Zhukov in the Soviet journal International Affairs in the autumn of 1960 correctly named the three observation satellites then under development, including Discoverer, and declared that "espionage satellites" were illegal. "American plans of space espionage are incompatible with the generally recognized principles and rules of international law," he said, adding that the Soviet Union had "everything necessary to paralyze United States military espionage both in the air and in outer space."25 "Air" was an allusion to the recent downing of Powers. But asserting that such capability extended to space was balderdash, at least in 1960. In any case, Zhukov's own country was well along on its own reconnaissance satellite by then.
Responding to the splashdown of Discoverer 13's capsule in the Pacific exactly one week before Discoverer 14's was snatched out of the air, The Times trumpeted the fact that it was an "important step toward the development of reconnaissance satellites that will be able to spy from space."
Discoverer 14's success was followed by others that opened a floodgate of hard intelligence on Soviet and Chinese military forces, from main battle tanks to submarines to bombers to ballistic missiles. Both nation's nuclear weapons programs would eventually be assessed down to locating uranium mines, tallying what was extracted, and calculating how much electricity it took to process and reprocess it into bomb-grade uranium and plutonium. (The last was accomplished by locating and measuring the power cables that linked the generating and reprocessing plants.) The overall space-based photo-reconnaissance program, functioning under the code-name "Keyhole," was filling in the large gaps that necessarily had been left by limited aerial penetration.4
Here, to take just one example among thousands, is an extract from a National Intelligence Estimate issued in November 1961, barely a year after Discoverer 14 returned those first fuzzy pictures:
Through KEYHOLE photography over the past three months, we have positively identified three ICBM complexes under construction. Two are near Yur'ya and Yoshkar-Ola, in a region several hundred miles northeast of Moscow, and the third is near Verkhnyaya Salda in the Urals. The paired, road-served pads at these complexes closely resemble those at Tyuratam Area C. Near Kostroma, in the same general region but closer to Moscow, the photography revealed a new clearing suitable for a pair of pads, and we believe this is possibly a fourth complex similar to the others.26
By that time, the U.S. space reconnaissance program and everything connected with it had been made deep black: absolutely secret, in military and intelligence jargon.
On August 26, 1960, the day after the NRO's seed was planted, Eisenhower issued a memorandum to the Secretaries of State and Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence, and others on the Executive Branch's highest level concerning a "TALENT-KEYHOLE Security Control System" for the handling of matters relating to aerial and space reconnaissance. "Access," the President wrote, "is to be on a 'must know' basis related to major national security needs.27 The few who were to be "indoctrinated" into the secret order -- who were to receive Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) clearances that went beyond Top Secret, were absolutely forbidden to share what they knew with anyone outside the tight-knit fraternity.5
Similarly, the NRO itself was so heavily shrouded in secrecy that its very name was unutterable by the initiated; even its emblem, a satellite orbiting Earth, was classified. Where outsiders were concerned, it did not exist. There were at least six reasons for pulling the shroud over space reconnaissance:
- The United States did not want to embarrass the Soviet Union by publicizing the fact that it was conducting blatant spy flights over Soviet territory, thereby needlessly running the risk of provoking an attack against its satellites at some point;
- Technical secrets had to be protected to maintain the program's effectiveness. To have provided an adversary (or certain allies) with information on how the system worked would have been to help it or them foil the system by camouflage or other means, making the whole exercise pointless;
- It was considered necessary to protect the budget from public scrutiny. Cutting edge technology involved intense development and attendant mistakes, which were necessarily expensive. By 1986, the NRO's budget was roughly $3.9 billion a year and climbing, with imaging satellites alone costing upward of $1 billion apiece.28 It's current budget, which remains classified, is roughly $7 billion.29 To invite scrutiny of the operation, it was felt, would have been to invite an attack in Congress and consequent embarrassment and disruption;
- In the same vein, secrecy enhanced bureaucratic control, enabling the military services and the CIA to protect their programs from one another and from outside interference;
Department of Defense lawyers pointed out that deliberately making public even one space reconnaissance photograph would open a floodgate of requests for more material through the Freedom of Information Act, which became law in 1966. Answering such requests would in itself consume immense amounts of time and resources. As a result, scenes that were photographed by satellites and which the intelligence community wanted to make public -- showing Soviet activity in Nicaragua in 1982,
for example -- would be rephotographed by aircraft before they were shown; 30
- Most important from a political standpoint, disclosure of reconnaissance satellite data had the potential of drastically reducing the President's ability to make viable foreign policy if the world in effect looked over his shoulder and second-guessed him as he tried to shape or respond to events. No president, Republican or Democrat, wanted to be hamstrung by citizens who could claim with at least some justification that overhead imagery proved that he was lying, stretching the truth, or simply ignorant about a given development.
Appropriately, the first President to so much as mention space reconnaissance in public was Lyndon Johnson, the space program's biggest booster. "I wouldn't want to be quoted on this," LBJ told a small group of educators in Nashville in March 1967, "but we've spent thirty-five or forty billion dollars on the space program. And if nothing else had come out of it except the knowledge we've gained from space photography, it would be worth ten times what the whole program has cost. Because tonight we know how many missiles the enemy has and, it turned out, our guesses were way off. We were doing things we didn't need to do. We were building things we didn't need to build. We were harboring fears we didn't need to harbor . "31
Indeed, overhead imaging had by then become an institutional staple for both sides' political and military programs. Reconnaissance and surveillance -- the former is active, while the latter amounts to passively observing -- would have three basic functions for both sides during the remainder of the Cold War: technical intelligence collection; targeting; and arms control monitoring and verification.
Technical intelligence collection, or TECHINT, has to do with the collection by machines of any information that is of military, political, or economic value. This extends from determining the range of a given bomber or cruise missile to the deployment of a regiment or division to wheat production in the Ukraine.
It should be noted that while the subject under discussion is limited to photographic or imaging reconnaissance, there was and remains no such limitation in the intelligence collection process itself. Both sides listened as well as watched. In fact they listened more than they watched. The U.S. eavesdropping program, which functions under the overall rubric of signals intelligence, or SIGINT, uses its own satellites to monitor foreign communication traffic in a variety of ways, ferret radar, tap into missile telemetry, measure the capability of radio signals, and more.
The best-known of the eavesdroppers (but not the first) was code-named Rhyolite and was initially launched on a fully operational mission in June 1970.6 Parked 22,300 miles out, Rhyolite used its seventy-foot-wide antenna to monitor thousands of telephone calls at a time, including those made by Soviet generals on their car phones, walkie-talkie traffic, and the missile telemetry. 32 Rhyolite intercepts, and those of its successors such as Aquacade, Chalet, Magnum, and now Orion were and continue to be processed and analyzed at the National Security Agency at Ft.Meade in Maryland.
Ironically, the paucity of photographic and signals intelligence data in the late 1950s would turn into to a deluge within twenty years, as more sophisticated and powerful platforms were launched. Managing the flood of data would itself become a nightmare.
The second basic reconnaissance mission concerned targeting. Not only did fixed military sites such as air and naval bases and missile complexes have to be pinpointed with a high degree of accuracy, but important moving targets such as warships on the high seas and army units on land had to be updated as well. The fixed-site data went into the Strategic Air Command's Strategic Library Bombing Index, a constantly updated encyclopedia of targets.
Finally, it is fair to say that there would have been no arms control agreements without both sides being able to monitor and verify the treaties. Monitoring and verification are not the same. Monitoring is the process of looking and listening: in the case of ballistic missiles, for example, of counting their launchers. Verification has to do with deciding whether the other side is living up to the terms of the treaty. It is therefore political. Monitoring may show that the opposition has two more IRBM launchers than is permitted by the treaty. Verification is the process of deciding whether such a violation should be ignored or challenged.
I carried a knife with a four-inch blade onto the plane that brought me here, for example. It was spotted -- monitored -- by the detection machine at Newark Airport. Even though that knife could be used to threaten or kill a hostage in a hijacking, the person who operated the detection machine let me keep it because, looking at me, she judged that I am just a harmless professor and did not think it worthwhile to challenge me, possibly delaying takeoff in the process. She determined that I was not going to threaten the other passengers with the knife. That was a political decision. Without monitoring machines at airports, safe air travel would be all but impossible; without them in low Earth orbit, so would arms control.
While Grigori Zhukov was feigning righteous indignation because U.S. satellites were photographing the Soviet Union in increasing detail, some of his countrymen were hurrying to launch their own reconnaissance satellites. Sergei Korolev, the genius who was responsible for the R-7 rocket that sent the first Sputniks to space, was trying to adapt the Vostok man-carrying satellite to photographic reconnaissance by 1958.7
Using Vostok as a reconnaissance satellite and a variation of the proven R-7 as its booster not only shortened the time it took to develop the system, but it reduced the number of mishaps. Like the sphere that carried Yuri Gagarin to space on July 12, 1961, Vostok's reconnaissance version was plugged into an equipment and retro-rocket section from which it would separate before parachuting to Earth.
Unlike the Discoverers and the man-carrying Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo spacecraft, Vostoks came down on the steppes of Central Asia, not on the high seas. Like Discoverer, Vostok reconnaissance satellites -- named Zenit, or Zeneth -- used standard format cameras from which exposed film was spooled onto a take-up reel in an adjacent part of the satellite. Like Discoverer, the first launch attempt, on December 11, 1961, failed. In the case of Zenit, it was because the booster's third stage did not ignite, leaving the spacecraft to plummet into the wilderness between Novosibirsk and Yakutsk. Like Discoverer 2, the spacecraft that disappeared near Spitsbergen, the first Zenit was never found. The first successful launch came on April 26, 1962, when "Cosmos 4," as its cover was called, was sent into orbit. Complaints about the illegality of space reconnaissance faded with the Soviet Union's new capability.
And finally, like Discoverer, Zenit flew under the guise of a research vehicle. "Cosmos-7," which reached orbit on July 28, 1962 for a four-day photo-reconnaissance mission, was advertised as carrying "scientific equipment intended for continuing space research." Resolution at first was between ten and fifteen meters but soon reached the point at which individual automobiles could be identified. Vasily Mishin, Kololev's deputy, even bragged that the satellites could distinguish between particular makes of cars in the Pentagon parking lot.33
So could their American counterparts make such distinctions in Russian parking lots. Mishin would have had no way of knowing it, of course, but U.S. reconnaissance satellites calibrated their cameras on the white lines painted in the parking lot of the American Embassy in Moscow.34
Much has been made, and rightly so, of the role played by the U-2s that located the Soviet missiles in Cuba in the early autumn of 1962. Less well known, however, is the part played by both sides' reconnaissance satellites in that conflict. The Discoverers allowed military planners in Washington to make reasonable estimates of Soviet bomber and ICBM capability. As noted, guesses on the number of Soviet bombers and missiles turned into hard data by October 1962, with over-estimates falling by the wayside. By the same token, the Zenits (in addition to openly available data) left no doubt that the United States was absolutely serious about having the missiles removed and had the muscle to back its resolve. A look at the launch record of the time indicates that the men in the Kremlin were desperate to see what the United States was doing.
"Cosmos 9" went up on September 27 and spent four days in a low altitude, high-inclination orbit before returning four days later. "Cosmos 10" went up on October 17 -- two days after the confrontation formally began -- and returned on the 21st. The photographs that floated down after the missions, together with massive media coverage, left no doubt as to where President Kennedy stood. Khrushchev backed down.
American space reconnaissance technology established a lead in 1960 that it never relinquished. In December 1976, one of the prime components of the Buck Rogers school of astronautics went into operation. It was a reconnaissance satellite variously called the KH-11 (after its camera system),
Kennan (later versions were called Crystal), or 5501, depending on what compartment the person who had access to it was in. 8
The KH-11 could have been called Son of SAMOS because it realized the old dream. It did not drop "buckets" of film out of the sky, but instead used charge-couple devices -- essentially thousands of microscopic photo light meters -- at the end of a powerful telescope to digitally relay imagery to Earth in near real-time.9 Because the system is digital, the imagery can be manipulated to fill in holes, add dimensions, and subtract extraneous data. It can be told to search an image for a particular object or describe the part of an object obscured by cloud cover when only part of it has been imaged.35 The KH-11 best resolution, as well as that of an improved version now flying, is six inches. 10
Another of the reconnaissance establishment's oldest dreams was realized a decade later when a satellite went up that could collect imagery at night and through cloud cover. This happened in December 1987 when the first in a
series of synthetic aperture radar satellites, first named Indigo, then Lacrosse, and now something else, went into orbit.11
The military reconnaissance satellites spawned civilian counterparts: Landsat in the United; SPOT (System Probetoire d'Observation de la Terre) in France; and dedicated Cosmos and Pecypc (Resource) spacecraft in the U.S.S.R. The last, typically, is a virtual carbon copy of Zenit.36 That keeps costs down. Landsat's resolution was deliberately held to thirty meters, both to avoid charges of espionage by Third World countries and others that use its service for resource management, monitoring the environment, and various civil programs, and to prevent them from targeting the United States. I would like to turn to the civilian sector -- the "white" systems -- here because they are now merging with the black ones into a politically-painted shade of gray.
As the first reports of a major accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor complex in Ukraine began to come in at the end of April 1986, news organizations throughout Europe and North America began to scramble to verify the event. Proof soon turned up in the form of a videotape that showed the reactor facility, together with a large adjacent cooling pond. The tape had been made in Sweden using imagery sent down from Landsat 5, which just happened to have passed over Chernobyl immediately after the explosion. Although the stricken reactor could not be picked out with the
naked eye, the spacecraft's infrared sensor showed two apparent "hot spots," leading some television news broadcasts to report, erroneously, that there had been two meltdowns. Be that as it may, television news audiences around the world had an eagle's eye view of the accident, which was incontrovertible, and newspaper and magazine readers soon had the same.38
Whatever Chernobyl meant to the unlucky people of the region and beyond in terms of radioactive contamination, it amounted to undeniable proof that the accident had happened and that it was of major proportion. The pictures would disprove the most vehement denials and undoubtedly contributed directly to Moscow's early and detailed admission that the accident had occurred. "Those images proved to be the only independent means by which Europe and the world could pierce the veil of Soviet secrecy," Mark E. Brender of ABC News in Washington observed."39
In addition, a new remote sensing satellite with a powerful camera took to the sky within a few months of the accident. It was neither American nor Russian. SPOT was launched by the French civilian space agency, CNES, in collaboration with private interests in France, Sweden, and Belgium. It racheted up the civilian resolution sweepstakes by bringing ten meters to bear. And unlike the Americans and Russians, who had a gentleman's agreement not to embarrass each other by showing off their military systems' capability, SPOT Image Corporation, true to the Gaullist tradition, made its own rules and became a loose cannon.
Chernobyl was a public relations bonanza for SPOT Image, which quickly sold sensational high-resolution color imagery to the world's news media. On May 1, 1986, for example, NBC Nightly News used color-enhanced SPOT photographs that showed a plume of hot, contaminated air pouring out of the ruptured core and through what passed for the WER power reactor's containment structure.
There was nothing the United States could do to prevent SPOT Image from selling whatever pictures it wanted, though it is clear that some agreement exists between the United States Government and SPOT Image to avoid
photographing sensitive Western targets. In that regard, both SPOT and Landsat imagery was used during the Persian Gulf War by the U.S. and its allies but was not made public. Where the news media were concerned, SPOT and Landsat went off the air, thereby depriving Iraq of a potentially devastating space reconnaissance capability.
SPOT also photographed other nation's military installations. And they happened to be Soviet. SPOT imagery captured a submarine base on the Berents Sea, for example, and a laser development site, the Tyuratam space launch facility, the huge northern fleet headquarters at Severomorsk, and the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.40 Even the Pentagon became a regular SPOT client. It bought a black and white photograph of a large phased array ballistic missile early warning radar under construction at Pechora, for example, and ran it in the 1987 edition of its annual inventory of the Soviet arsenal, Soviet Military Power (page 49).
Nor was propaganda the Pentagon's only motive for buying French imagery. It was purchasing it in considerable quantity because the ten-meter resolution was militarily useful and therefore supplemented the Keyhole data, which were tremendously expensive to collect. In many cases, ten-meter resolution was perfectly adequate. A vice president of SPOT Image vice president who briefed a Defense Intelligence Agency conference in Maryland in 1987, for example, showed pictures of an Iraqi tank depot that had been attacked by Iranian forces the day before. The Iraqis denied that the attack had taken place, while the Iranians claimed that it was more devastating than was the case. "You can see the integrity of the tanks in terms of those which haven't been hit, and those which have," he said. At a maximum of $1,800 a picture, such images were a true bargain.41
Pentagonians would have been deeply ambivalent about the avalanche of unprecedented data on Soviet facilities flowing into the public domain because of SPOT. On the one hand, it drew attention to Soviet military and space capabilities, which was useful for informing the public and increasing appropriations. On the other, SPOT's camera could just as easily be pointed indirections that Washington would find discomforting. The underlying point,
however, is that SPOT broke the resolution barrier once and for all and in the process started a chain reaction that is now accelerating.
Even the cash-strapped Russians got into the act even before the first flushes of perestroika. Representatives of Soyuzcarta, a trading company that was set up specifically to market space imagery, passed out sales brochures at a photogrammetry and remote sensing colloquium in Leipzig during the first week of September 1987. The Russians said that black and white prints taken by their KFA-1000 space camera were available for only $722 each ($888 for color). The KFA-1000 also managed to push the resolution race down to six meters, and possibly five. 42
France responded in 1989 by announcing that it was planning a satellite that would use synthetic aperture radar to provide all-weather and night capability at resolutions of between two and fifty meters.43 Three years later SPOT Image revealed plans for SPOT 5, which is scheduled to provide five-meter resolution at the turn of the century.44 If French space agency explained why it is important to monitor soybeans, timber stands, or soil erosion in the middle of the night or through cloud cover it went unreported.
In 1992 it was the Russians' turn again, this time with the advent of commercial two-meter imagery from the advanced KVR-1000 camera. The availability of these high-resolution pictures has been spotty, reflecting apparent concern about their military uses. A request by a Lawrence Livermore researcher for KVR-1000 imagery of North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear facility, the city of Sarajevo, and the Chinese nuclear test area at Lop Nor were denied by the Russians on national security grounds.45
For its part, the nation that pioneered space-based Earth observation and remained on the advanced edge in military systems, wallowed in the civilian sector. Landsat was turned over to a firm, the Earth Observation Satellite Company (Eosat) in 1985 at the insistence of the Reagan Administration. The ensuing years were very troubled for the program, which floundered on a sea of unprofitability and indifference or hostility on the part of a number of government agencies, including Commerce, NASA, and the Air Force. With
Eosat unable to finance the construction and operation of the satellites with funds from picture sales -- its French and Russian competition was and remains government-subsidized -- Landsat development and operations remained in government hands while the company continued to market imagery.
Given the nature of the competition, it was finally decided to provide Landsat 6, which was launched on October 5, 1993, with fifteen-meter resolution. That was still not competitive with the European and Russian satellites. But it turned out to be moot because the multimillion dollar spacecraft vanished shortly after launch and later turned up at the bottom of the Pacific.46
Whatever Landsat's dreary prospects, the end of the Cold War signaled a revolution in the dissemination of increasingly high quality space-based imagery, with the old rigorously-guarded security system opening under economic pressure both in the United States and elsewhere.
By the spring of 1994, China, India, Israel, Japan, and South Africa were flying observation satellites or were close to doing so, and Canada, North Korea and Taiwan appeared eager to follow suit.47 France, in conjunction with a handful of European partners, was poised to launch a dedicated military reconnaissance satellite called Helios and had a radar reconnaissance model on the drawing board. Space-based observation for war and peace -- all but combined in single platforms -- was in the early stages of a revolutionary change. Dual-use technology transfer now had an analog: dual-use space data transfer.
While Landsat foundered as a virtual orphan, post-cold war layoffs loomed in the aerospace industry, calling to mind the grim ghosts of the fabled Ph.D.s who drove taxis during the post Apollo shakeout. Meanwhile, the Electronic Industries Association was predicting that the remote sensing market in all of its permutations was going to grow from $12.5 billion to $17.16 billion during the following decade. Companies such as Lockheed Missiles and Space reacted by pressuring Congress and the White House to radically
loosen security restrictions on space reconnaissance systems.48 A Lockheed-Martin vice president told the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence that his company's satellite, the Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS), could "sustain" more than 700 jobs.49 John McMahon, the president of the company, warned the committee that "The question for the future is not whether there will be one-meter satellite imagery available commercially -- it will happen -- but rather will it be provided by U.S. companies or other foreign sources ." 50
Accordingly, the White House approved a radical policy change on March 9, 1994 that allowed U.S. companies to build and launch private observation satellites that would return imagery with one-meter or better resolution. Lockheed-Martin and other firms, including a three-company consortium that named itself Eyeglass, announced plans to produce what would amount to private spy satellites.51 Space reconnaissance was coming in from the cold after thirty-five years.
The planet is now entering an age of what is literally selfexamination on an unprecedented scale. I would like to concentrate on this development's military and political dimensions. One-meter resolution imagery, an expensive proposition when the purchase of a $1 billion-or-so satellite is included, can pay off for a southern nation (as Third World countries are now being called) that wants to collect intelligence or fix targets. It is a very poor investment for counting heads of lettuce or following schools of tuna.
As space-based reconnaissance and surveillance proliferate, so do the rules by which the developers of the technology spread it around. The French Government responded to President Clinton's directive by announcing that it, too, would be willing to sell imaging satellites to other countries, but only to
"friendly" ones and with the proviso that it can switch off the spacecraft whenever its chooses to do so.52
Space Imaging International, Lockheed-Martin's marketing subsidiary, then proposed to build an observation satellite for Germany (potentially cutting into the Helios deal with France). Unlike other reconnaissance satellites built for foreign governments, which are supposed to remain under U.S. control, Space Imaging said that it in effect wanted to hand over the satellite's keys with the spacecraft itself. It would only reserve the right to take over operation of the platform during extreme emergencies and, for good measure, it promised to make Germany agree to restrict it to German use.53 Other satellite sales to foreign purchasers are supposed to be decided by the government on a case by case basis. Before it became defunct, Eyeglass International, which wanted to form an alliance with a Saudi Arabian company, guaranteed that it would not take satellite pictures of Israel.54 The idea in all cases is that the transfer of data to undesirables can be effectively curtailed by applying stringent rules as to who is to get what.
This will have a familiar ring to anyone who follows superweapon proliferation. The Department of Commerce tried to apply similar standards to weapon technology transfers throughout the last two decades of the Cold War with distinctly limited success. For one thing, the barriers were porous, especially where such ambiguous technologies as computers and rocket technology were concerned. For another, the definition of "undesirable" can be ambiguous and, what is more, it changes. We learned that much -- or should have -- after backing Iraq in the 1980-1988 war with Iran. During that war, not uncoincidentally, we shared reconnaissance satellite data with the Iraqis that taught them to conceal mobile Scuds and other weapons during Desert Storm.
Far more important, nations that were excluded from the superweapon club by its founding members not only painstakingly developed an indigenous capacity to create their own versions of what the industrial giants had, but started international cartels to produce and market them. Saddam Hussein was the beneficiary of Condor missile technology, to take only one example,
that was bankrolled by Saudi Arabia, designed by Germans in Switzerland and Egypt, and tested in Argentina.55 Iraq, India, Pakistan, Israel and South Africa proved that any resourceful nation that is determined to acquire nuclear weapons or ballistic missiles can do so.
Similarly, high resolution imagery of any city or region fits equally well into land-use, environmental, intelligence, or target folders. A request for high-resolution imagery of the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, ostensibly to be used for photogrammetry -- map-making -- could in fact be headed for the target folder of a country that wants to dislodge the Chinese from that stretch of ocean and the oil beneath it. Japan is at the top of that list and is not only developing its own reconnaissance and surveillance satellites, but has had offers from U.S. firms to provide still others. 56
None of this will be a problem in the short term because those who sell the spacecraft will be able to monitor how they are used and intervene if they are not used according to the sales contract. Yet there is an obvious long-term problem. If the whole point of investing in a reconnaissance satellite is to achieve flexible, independent, operation -- to be able to collect whatever data is required for national security -- then buyers can be expected to resist overriding restrictions in the long run and try to thwart them. The ultimate way of getting around the restrictions is to either have a supplier provide a fully independent system or to create it indigenously.
And those systems will have to operate in real-time if they are to be fully useful. The biggest challenge facing the collectors of space-based reconnaissance in the next century will be the fluid nature of the targets. "... in the past, when the Soviets started building a new family of missile silos it was reasonable to task our collection resources against these locations with fairly long intervals between collects. That kind of construction took a while, and silos don't move very far once they've been dug," Jeffrey K. Harris, the director of the NRO, has noted. "In today's environment, and tomorrow's, the rate of change will not wait for such long intervals between tasking. Mobile missiles and guerrillas are -- no kidding -- very hard to locate. And
once you do locate them, they're gone in a flash and locating them again means starting all over."57
Certainly that was true in the Persian Gulf War, which the Air Force has repeatedly characterized as the "first space war" because of heavy reliance on space systems such as reconnaissance, communication, and ballistic missile early warning satellites. Indeed, during a four-day period preceding Desert Storm, the Army and the Air Force waged their own battle over whether the electro-optical platforms were going to update maps of the area for the Army or send down intelligence for the Air Force and Navy. General Schwarzkopf got his maps.58
Real-time intelligence has become so important that the U.S. military has contracted with SPOT for a $5 million "Eagle Vision" system that will allow ground units in the field to pull in SPOT imagery almost instantaneously. The Army used SPOT imagery extensively during the Gulf War but it took several days to relay the photographs from space to Washington and then, by plane, to Saudi Arabia. Eagle Vision trailers sprouting three-and-a-halfmeter antennas will allow field commanders to watch the enemy on television as it deploys and take suitable countermeasures.59
Real-time capability will spread in the next millennium, first through imagery sales and, eventually, through the satellites themselves. And it will be more difficult to control by the very nature of its speed. While France has decided not to sell imagery with a resolution greater than five meters because it considers it militarily useful, it is feared that Russia will go even better than a meter.60 Faced with so many layoffs -- an estimated 95,000 -- that the very integrity of its space operations are in doubt, the CIA has concluded that Russia could very well begin selling imagery with three-quarters of a meter resolution. While Soyuzcarta's customers have to wait from three to nine months or more to get specially-taken pictures (as opposed to those pulled off the shelf), the sharper imagery comes from real-time reconnaissance. That, of course, could be delivered quickly.61 And doing so will put pressure on the reluctant French to abandon their principles to the requirements of the marketplace.
Overall, I think that the commercialization and subsequent proliferation of space-based reconnaissance and surveillance systems carries more reason for hope than for despair, though the crystal ball is as cloudy as ever.
To believe that truth will out is to believe that multiple eyes in space will exert a profound, perhaps ultimately decisive, influence on political and military affairs. If space observation can be used for nefarious purposes, those doing so can in turn be observed with similar systems and then thwarted in a number of ways.
Nor is it likely that possession of such systems or their data will force the art of camouflage and concealment to the point at which troublemakers, outlaws, warlords, and butchers can effectively mask their deeds. Having said that Iraq was able to hide its mobile Scud launchers because it had prior access to reconnaissance imagery, I should add that such access did almost nothing to save that country's overall war-making capability from severe and highly effective attack. Even hiding nuclear and missile development facilities under ground and in caves did not protect them from the skilled photo-interpreter's eye and from the computer's prodigious capacity to scan, scrutinize, and make associations.
I believe that broad access to such imagery will go far in keeping politicians and generals more honest than they are at present. I mentioned earlier that the most compelling reason for keeping space reconnaissance data secret is the compulsion to assure the president's or any leader's ability to conduct foreign policy without being contradicted by photographs. On the other hand, the mere possibility that such photographs could be taken and appear in the news media should help to inhibit blatantly false or irresponsible political action. No leader would want to risk being proven a liar by cameras in space for saying, for example, that a foreign military threat was imminent when such an accusation was demonstrably false. I believe the availability of
space imagery in near-real-time will have a long-term stabilizing effect on the conduct of international relations.
At the end of the political extreme there are the instances of mass murder and devastation that are perpetrated by governments which are not easily otherwise held accountable for their actions. An event that took place in the Kasaba/Konjevic Polje area of Bosnia in mid-July, just after the enclave of Srebrenica had been overrun by Bosnian Serbs, should help make the point. Far from being an isolated event, what happened was all too common in the conflict there, and typical of others that extend from Cambodia to Rwanda. What was not common was the fact that the event -- a massacre -- was photographed from space before and after it happened.
On July 13 or 14 a U.S. reconnaissance satellite downlinked imagery showing several hundred people gathered at a soccer field in the area. A U-2 sent over the area a few days later returned with photographs showing two "recently disturbed" sections of soil which were not in the satellite pictures, together with clearly visible heavy vehicle tracks that went between the overturned earth and a road. Photo-interpreters concluded that the people -- men and boys of military age -- had been gunned down by their captors and then trucked the short distance to their mass grave.
A sixty-three-year-old Bosnian Muslim man who said he had been left for dead under the corpses and then escaped from the Serbs was reported to have corroborated what the imagery indicated. It was further corroborated by David Rohde of The Christian Science Monitor who reported seeing excrement, dried blood and bullet holes in a nearby building and part of a human leg protruding from the freshly dug soil. The eye witness descriptions provided a "ground truth," in the language of remote sensing.
The U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., Madeleine K. Albright, showed both the satellite and U-2 pictures to a closed session of the Security Council, prompting one of its members to call them "quite persuasive." A story about the mass killing appeared in The New York Times on August 10, followed by a second, complete with one of the U-2 pictures, the next day. One
official was emphatic in explaining that release of the pictures "put some pressure on the Serbs and shows people we are watching them."62 One intelligence expert reacted by saying that what the Serbs probably learned from the experience was to drop their victims down mine shafts instead of burying them."63 But groups can be photographed near mine shafts, too, as well as at other extermination sites. They were photographed in proximity of the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp's gas chambers and crematoriums in August 1944 by U.S. reconnaissance planes operating out of Italy.64
The institutional use of space imagery for such purposes could have a salutary effect in reducing genocide and other atrocities if those who want to commit them know that there is a real possibility the events will be recorded by machines they can't see but which can see them quite clearly. And the more such machines there are, the more difficult it will be to conceal foul play from public scrutiny. Overhead reconnaissance is far from perfect and it always will be. Inspired technical collection systems inspire inspired countermeasures and they always will. But the eyes in the sky have always had the advantage and I believe they always will.
1. Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship (SM-11827), Santa Monica: Douglas Aircraft Company, May 2, 1946, p. 10. The Santa Monica Engineering Group that produced the report became the Rand Corporation in 1948.
2. J. E. Lipp, et. al., "Utility of a Satellite Vehicle for Reconnaissance," R-217, Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, April 1951.
3. Discussion with the author on August 12, 1981.
4. Discussion with the author on May 23, 1984.
5. William E. Burrows, "Beyond the Iron Curtain," Air & Space, September 1994, pp. 27-35.
6. James R. Killian Jr., Sputnik, Scientists, and Eisenhower, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1977, p. 84.
7. Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica Plant, Engineering Division, "Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship," SM-11827, May 2, 1946, p. 10.
8. Merton E. Davies and William R. Harris, RAND's Role in the Evolution of Balloon and Satellite Observation Systems and Related U.S. Space Technology, R-3692-RC, Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation, September 1988, p. 14. For weather reconnaissance, see: "Inquiry into the Feasibility of Weather Reconnaissance From a Satellite Vehicle," R-218, Santa Monica: the RAND Corporation, April 1951.
9. Jeffrey T. Richelson, America's Secret Eyes in Space, New York: Ballinger, 1990, pp. 26, 41, 65-66, 77-78, 112 (Corona); pp. 44, 48, 49-53, 60 (SAMOS); pp. 29, 49-50, 55 (MIDAS).
10. Author interview on June 2, 1984.
11. Kevin C. Ruffner, ed., CORONA: America's First Satellite Program, Washington: Center for the Study of Intelligence, CIA, 1995, p. 2.
12. Department of Defense, Memorandum for Correspondents, No. 264-M, September 18, 1992.
13. Ibid. Enabling documents include a letter of agreement between the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence dated September 6, 1961 and Department of Defense Directive TS 5105.23, National Reconnaissance Office, of June 14, 1962 as superseded by a second directive of March 27, 1964.
14. Letter from Gen. Schriever to Gen. LeMay of December 26, 1963, a copy of which is in the possession of the author.
15. Amrom H. Katz, "An Air Force Weather Satellite -- Why and How," SOFS-STRAT-RECCE-1, Santa Monica: the RAND Corporation, March 31, 1959, p. 5.
16. Author interview.
17. Author interview on April 17, 1984.
18. Author interview.
19. CORONA, op. cit. p. 20.
20. CORONA, op. cit., p. 17.
21. Eric Burgess, Long-Range Ballistic Missiles, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1961, pp. 217-19.
22. "Agena B to Put Samos, Midas in Orbit," Aviation Week, February 8, 1960, p. 73.
23. "First Capsule Recovered From Satellite," Aviation Week, August 22, 1960, p. 33.
24. "Discoverer Tests Samos, Midas Guidance," Aviation Week, January 16, 1961, p. 88.
25. James Oberg, "The First Soviet Spy Satellite," AIR FORCE Magazine, July 1995, p. 82.
26. Corona: America's First Satellite Program p. 137.
27. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Memorandum for the Secretary of State, et. al., Corona: America's First Satellite Program, op. cit., p. 75.
28. Federation of American Scientists estimate in 1985 dollars.
29. From a knowledgeable source who spoke on condition of anonymity.
30. B. R. Inman, "Introduction," Michael Krepon, et. al., eds., Commercial Observation Satellites and International Security, London: MacMillan Press, 1990, p. 5
31. "Satellite Spying Cited by Johnson," The New York Times, March 17, 1967.
32. James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982, pp. 195-98; Jeffrey T. Richelson, American Espionage and the Soviet Target, New York: William Morrow and Company, 1987, pp. 224-27, Robert Lindsey, The Falcon and the Snowman, New York: Pocket Books, 1979, pp. 61-62.
33. The First Soviet Spy Satellite, op. cit., pp. 82-83.
34. Author interview with Merton E. Davies on January 4, 1989.
35. Deep Black, op. cit., pp. 225-29.
36. A. E. Lazarev, et. al., Cosmos, St. Petersburg: Gedrometazdat, 1993, pp. 51-52 (in Russian).
37. Kit Johnston and Linda Billings, "The Image Analysts," Washington Journalism Review, November 1987, pp. 38 and 40.
38. "Deadly Meltdown," Time, May 12, 1986, pp. 38-39 and "Stark Fallout," U.S. News & World Report, May 12, 1986, p. 19, for example.
39. Mark E. Brender, "Remote sensing and the First Amendment," pace Policy, November 1987, p. 293.
40. "Spot Photographs Secret Base For USSR Nuclear Submarines," Aviation Week & Space Technology, July 20, 1987, pp. 18-19; "Soviet Strategic Laser Sites Imaged by French Spot Satellite," Aviation Week & Space Technology, October 26, 1987, pp. 26-27; "Soviet Space Shuttle Facilities At Tyuratam Imaged by French Spot," Aviation Week & Space Technology, September 1, 1986, pp. 42-43; "French Spot Satellite Shows Soviet Northern Fleet Facilities," Aviation Week & Space Technology, March 2, 1987, pp. 44-45; "Photos Said to Show New Activity At Main Soviet Nuclear Test Site," The New York Times, August 4, 1986.
41. "Private Cameras in Space Stir U.S. Security Fears," The New York Times, August 25, 1987.
42. Memorandum from F. J. Doyle, Senior Advisor for Cartography, U.S. Department of the Interior, on Soyuz Karta and USSR Space Photography, September 14, 1987.
43. "France Defines Satellite To Complement Spot Series," Aviation Week & Space Technology, October 23, 1989, p. 48.
44. "Spot Image Plans Better Resolution On Next Generation of Satellites," Aviation Week & Space Technology, June 15, 1992, p. 94.
45. Vipin Gupta, "New Satellite Images for Sale: the Opportunities and Risks Ahead," UCRL-ID-118140, CSTS-47-94, Center for Security and Technology Studies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, September 28, 1994, p. 4.
46. "Landsat 6 Launch Sends Ripples," Space News, October 18-24, 1993, p. 10.
47. "High Resolution Imagery Seen As Threat, Opportunity," Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 23, 1994, p. 51.
48. "In Orbit," Aviation Week & Space Technology, October 31, 1994.
49. "Lawmakers Warn Clinton on Satellite Imagery Sales," Aviation Week & Space Technology, November 22, 1993, p. 38.
50. "Lockheed Plans To Market Spy-Quality Imagery," Space News, June 14-20, 1993.
51. "Image Policy Opens New Market for U.S.," Space News, March 14-20, 1994.
52. "Spy Satellites for Sale," Space News, March 13-19, 1995.
53. "Lockheed Offers Spy Satellite to Germany," Space News, April 3-9, 1995.
54. "Eyeglass To refrain From Photographing Israel, Space News, November 7-13, 1994, p. 3.
55. William E. Burrows and Robert Windrem, Critical Mass, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994, pp. 466-80.
56. "JDA Seeks Spy Satellite Imagery," Space News, May 15-21, 1995, p. 8.
57. Jeffrey K. Harris, "The Future of Space Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance," address to the National Space Club, June 20, 1995.
58. Interview with an individual who requested anonymity.
59. "U.S. Military To Receive First Mobile SPOT Station," Space News, May 2-8, 1994, p. 4.
60. "Spy Satellites for Sale," Space News, March 123-19, 1995
61. "High-Resolution Imagery Seen As Threat, Opportunity," Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 23, 1994, p. 51; "95,000 Russian Layoffs, Launch Breakdown Feared," Aviation Week & Space Technology, November 15, 1993, p. 27.
62. "Spy Photos Indicate Mass Grave At Serb-Held Town, U.S. Says," The New York Times, August 10, 1995; "U.S. Seeks to Prove Mass Killings," The New York Times, August 11, 1995. Rohde's account: "From Overrun Enclave, New Evidence of Mass Killings," The New York Times, August 19, 1995.
63. A highly knowledgeable source.
64. Col. Roy M. Stanley II, World War II Photo Intelligence, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1981, p. 349. | aerospace |
http://aeroinstock.com/teledyne-gill-battery-chargers/ | 2017-07-25T04:43:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424961.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725042318-20170725062318-00569.warc.gz | 0.67277 | 245 | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__128928029 | en | Teledyne Gill Battery Chargers
The most efficient way to charge a Gill battery is with a Gill battery charger. These chargers are designed for 12V and 24V aircraft batteries. These chargers are good on ALL Gill batteries: sealed, LT, or a unsealed. Chargers can be left on; however, when general maintenance is being performed, Teledyne Gill recommends removing the charger. It’s a great investment for any pilot or technician because it keeps you ready to fly anytime, anywhere.
|60217||GC-012 Teledyne Gill TDMC Battery Charger||115-230 VAC @50-60 Hz, 2 Amps||0-4 Amps||14.4 or 28.8 VDC|
|60218||GC-024 Teledyne Gill 24VDC Battery Charger||100-240 VAC +/-10% Auto Switch||7 Amps||28.8 VDC +/-0.2V|
|60118||GC-024E Teledyne Gill Battery Charger Assembly||110-240 VAC 50/60 Hz +/-10% Auto Switch||N/A||28.8 VDC +/-0.2V| | aerospace |
http://www.shopoverthemoon.com/rosetta-meeting-with-a-comet/ | 2020-08-11T16:27:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738816.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811150134-20200811180134-00417.warc.gz | 0.947663 | 1,075 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__25534738 | en | Following a decade of traveling through space, and years before the of assignment preparation, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Rosetta spacecraft is right on course to provide a superb assignment.
Already it’s shown intriguing views of its goal Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasminko and on Wednesday August 6, Rosetta will finish the closing of a collection of ten manoeuvres which will bring it to within 100km of the comet.
Reaching New Heights
Rosetta is defined to be the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and after this year are the first to set up a tiny lander, called Philae, to touch down on the comet’s surface.
Comets represent a few of their most primitive material from the solar system, unchanged from the striking procedures that built up the moons and planets.
They could tell us exactly what components were about when the solar system formed 4.6 billion decades back and they’ve supplied Earth with the organic and water substance needed for life to grow. It travels from just beyond the orbit of Jupiter into over the areas of Mars and Earth.
It probably originated from inside the Kuiper Belt, a place outside beyond Neptune, but has been ejected at some stage. It belongs to the domain of Jupiter-family comets, called such since the orbits of those comets are tremendously affected by Jupiter’s gravity.
Are We There Yet?
The comet is now situated between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter at about 500 million kilometers from sunlight and it has taken Rosetta a very long time to catch it up.
Ever since being launched by Europe’s Spaceport at Kourou, French Guiana on 2 March 2004, Rosetta has travelled over six billion kilometres to a lengthy journey which comprised three fly-bys of Earth, among Mars and 2 bonus glimpse of asteroids from the asteroid belt that the tiny asteroid 2867 Steins in a space of 800km and also the considerably larger 20 Lutetia seen from approximately 3,000km.
It spent nearly the last 3 decades of its travel at hibernation before waking up in January this year.
Within the last couple of months since the campuses between Rosetta and the comet started to quickly slip away, dramatic graphics have proven that Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasminko is similar to some of the other bunch of comets which were observed from up-close in distance.
This comet, that can be projected to be 4km across, is made up of 2 distinctly-shaped pieces. It might be that a very slow crash has jumped two individual objects together.
But it’s also possible that this is one thing that has been warped out of shape by the gravitational pull of something large or possibly its outer layers are eliminated over the years, leaving just the most compact material behind.
What is exciting is that we’ll soon know a lot more about this comet. But, it is definitely not plain sailing from here. In reality, the challenges are, in certain ways, just starting.
Three Sided Orbit?
The rendezvous puts Rosetta to a peculiar triangular orbit seen from the movie below. Each Wednesday and Sunday, little thruster burns will bring the spacecraft back around to traveling another facet of this triangle.
Finally, Rosetta will hit within 30km from the surface of the comet and from there the comet’s feeble gravity ought to have the ability to take over and maintain Rosetta in orbit.
At that moment, the surface will be mapped in fantastic detail to hunt the most perfect place to ship Rosetta’s lander, Philae. To produce the installation itself, Rosetta will have to come within only 2.5kilometers of the comet’s nucleus.
But there is more. Now’s an exciting time to hook up with the comet, since Rosetta will soon be travelling with Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasminko since it makes its journey around sunlight.
It is on this trip to the sunlight that things really begin to happen to get a comet. This creates a fuzzy reefs round the comet and since the gas leaks, in addition, it takes with it dust particles.
The warmer and more energetic that the comet gets, the gas and dust is released into space. This substance creates the comet’s tail and can be pushed back from the comet from the strain of the solar power.
Every comet grows in its own peculiar manner, dependent on how compacted the comet may be, just how much volatile substance it contains and that regions of the comet are being warmed by sunlight.
Already, although Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasminko is beyond Mars, it’s showing signs of out-gassing water.
ESA isn’t taking any chances of Rosetta and the spacecraft is presently travelling marginally before this comet, remaining out of this manner of any out-gassing material.
It’s guaranteed to be an exciting and ambitious mission to see exactly how near the spacecraft can get into the comet, and also the wonderful science it’ll do, while still maintaining Rosetta from harm’s way. | aerospace |
https://latestcrypto.news/elon-musks-spacex-blasts-starlink-satellites-into-space-paving-way-for-public-us-beta/ | 2021-04-18T06:17:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038468066.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20210418043500-20210418073500-00112.warc.gz | 0.897156 | 342 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__274967492 | en | - SpaceX today launched another batch of Starlink satellites into space.
- There are now 800 Starlink satellites orbiting the earth.
- The satellites will bring high-speed Internet to every corner of the globe, the company claims.
Elon Musk’s SpaceX today launched another batch of Starlink satellites into space—bringing the total number of capsules up to 800.
The satellites are part of a mission to bring high-speed Internet to every corner of the world.
SpaceX—a company valued at nearly $50 billion—kicked off its Starlink project in 2015. It hopes that thousands of satellites will provide Internet services to almost everywhere in the world.
The reason? Almost half of the globe has little to no Internet access. SpaceX’s Starlink project wants to change that by orbiting satellites around the world so that remote areas of our planet can access the internet.
With these satellites, rural areas could access the internet at a speed of one gigabyte per second. That’s fast enough for ultra-high definition streaming, low-latency gaming, and all the Kumon math videos the world can handle.
Billionaire Musk in August offered to help Belarus—a country at the time rocked by protests. His offer was met by a petition asking Musk to choose Belarus as Starlink’s first test case due to regular Internet outages in the corrupt country. It’s reached almost 15,000 signatures.
But not everyone is keen on the Starlink project. Some have complained that the project will make light pollution worse. Musk has said ‘sunshades’ will be fitted on the satellites to prevent this. | aerospace |
https://bookcalendar.blogspot.com/2013/05/daily-thoughts-05092013.html | 2023-09-23T08:26:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923062631-20230923092631-00568.warc.gz | 0.923934 | 239 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__13217408 | en | Emperor Nicholas I's Visit to the Public Library. 1853
Daily Thoughts 05/09/2013
This morning, I read some more of Mission to Mars. I am reading about space commercialization. There is a bit about Virgin Galactic, Space X, and Bigelow Aerospace which are all interesting companies.
I checked the Facebook and Twitter for the library last night. I also spent some time discussing the Adult Summer Reading program.
This afternoon, I spent some time checking the 900s. The computer lab was open between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m.
We also have computer classes on Thursday evening. There was a class in Microsoft Excel and a class in Microsoft Powerpoint tonight.
On the way home, I read some more of Mission to Mars. I am reading about Phobos and Deimos the moons of Mars as waypoints for Martian exploratory expeditions.
Ebooks, Libraries, and Democracy | aerospace |
https://gpswords.com/what-is-the-global-positioning-system/ | 2023-12-03T21:41:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203193127-20231203223127-00609.warc.gz | 0.963963 | 296 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__204355317 | en | What is the Global Positioning SystemEditorial
There are several GPS satellite arrays although the one we connect to is owned and operated by the United States Government.
This fantastic ability we have to pinpoint an exact location, is the result of your device listening to any available GPS satellites, each of which pulses a time signal. Your device compares the difference in microseconds between receiving each radio signal from ideally four satellites, and with this data it can triangulate a position with incredible accuracy.
Behind the scenes, there is huge team of scientists working tirelessly 24/7 to maintain the accuracy of this whole system. Each of the satellites requires constantly adjustment to compensate for weather and atmospheric conditions. The scientists also rely on data from GPS Ground Stations which are based all around the world at fixed GPS coordinates. These stations monitor the time signals from any satellites in range.
Scientists have also been able to accurately measure and monitor the movement of each of our tectonic plates. Whilst some move very little, maybe 6cm a year, others move up 11cm. So if someone buried treasure at a given coordinates, these could well be a few meters further away after enough time.
GPS was initially intended for military use, and it was thanks to President Reagan who made a directive for GPS to be available to everyone worldwide. This was following the fatal shooting of a Boeing 747 carrying 269 people after a navigational error had caused the 747 to unintentionally stray into a restricted airspace. | aerospace |
http://www.daledanieldesign.com/drones-racing-things-to-consider-before-you-start/ | 2017-07-27T20:38:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549429485.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170727202516-20170727222516-00269.warc.gz | 0.970286 | 560 | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__199403901 | en | Drone auto racing is a well-known sporting activity where individuals fly around their drones and also race as quickly as they can. Most drones have FPV systems nowadays, which is the Initial Person View. There are video cameras in the racing drones, which assist provide the feeling of flying as if they remained in the cockpit.
Also Visit Here : cheap drones for sale
Some drone racers use displays where they have unique FPV goggles to provide a digital experience of flying drones. This is a sporting activity blended with video-gaming degrees to offer an immersive experience.
Exactly what you have to understand before beginning: –
To start, you need all the ideal elements for racing drones. You will need batteries, charger, controller, FPV goggles, drone, video clip receiver as well as a couple of other items as well.
Points to know before your very first use of drones: –
1. Rate – You certainly require a drone that is rather fast. Generally, many drones have a speed of around 35mph, however you could take them faster to about 50mph without causing any kind of problems to the interior systems. If you go out of restriction and also method over 50 miles per hour, you could be stressing the battery of your drone a whole lot. So take care when you are racing.
2. Sight – FPV camera and occasionally FPV goggles are essential. Your drone will maintain turning as it accelerates as well as your electronic camera should do the same; or else, you will certainly not be able to see where your drone is going. Ensure your FPV cam has a high structure price, is long lasting, and, has a vast FOV.
3. Resilient – When you are racing drones, you do not have a guarantee whether they will collapse or not. Drones are not as well economical in cost which is why you have to go for something that is resilient in nature. Aside from this, it needs to be easy to repair as well.
Acquire a drone that could take hits prior to it lastly damages down. When you are competing with speed, the drone could leave control as well as hit some items in the method, so make certain you buy a durable and also repairable drone. Your drone should also have the alternative to change all the busted parts so that you don’t need to invest in a brand-new one in much less time.
4. Good controller – People usually do not look towards buying a great flight controller for the drone. This is that one point which maintains the auto racing drone in control, and you have to not neglect it! If you are seriously right into this sport, obtain a good controller for the drone which is firm and also easily available as well. | aerospace |
https://english.szpt.edu.cn/info/1161/1954.htm | 2023-10-05T03:31:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511717.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231005012006-20231005042006-00232.warc.gz | 0.961453 | 363 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__310517634 | en | Recently, the “UAV Application Skills and Innovation” segment of 2022-2023 Guangdong Vocational College Students Skills Competition was held in Guangdong Women’s Polytechnic College. A total of 75 teams of 150 students from 38 colleges in 11 prefecture-level cities within the province participated in the competition. In the end, two teams from the UAV Application Technology major of the School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering both won the first prize for the third consecutive year.
UAV Application Skills and Innovation is based on real application scenarios, and according to the job technical requirements of UAV related enterprises, adopts the professional quality and safe flight evaluation of three modules (UAV fault analysis and maintenance, UAV flight control and UAV application development) throughout the whole competition process, which poses great challenges to the professional quality and safe flight ability of the contestants, aiming to build a competitive talent team of the whole industry chain.
The two teams awarded this time were composed of four students led by four instructors from the UAV Application Technology major. Among them, Wang Zhongxian and Luo Jiayi did not come into contact with UAV until the first semester of their sophomore year. It only took less than half a year for them to learn UAV related courses and participate in the skills competition training. Since the segment was announced, the UAV Application Technology major has set up a skills competition working group, formed a team of instructors with rich experience in teaching and competition, developed a detailed and thorough preparation plan for the competition and carefully organized the contestants to conduct systematic training. With concerted efforts between teachers and students, they finally delivered a satisfactory answer.
(Image/Li Peng; Text/Chen Youyi, School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering) | aerospace |
https://koryocrimepodcast.com/category/disaster/ | 2023-12-07T14:26:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100674.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207121942-20231207151942-00591.warc.gz | 0.801691 | 250 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__29515509 | en | We are back! In this episode, Ashley and Kait talk about the Korean Air Flight 007 that was shot down by the USSR on September 1st, 1983. This episodes gives a little background on the incident, some aviation aspects as well as some international law aspects of the disaster.
<Original flight path v.s. actual flight path.>
<Korean Air Flight 007>
<Boeing RC-135- plane that shot down KAL 007>
Abbott, Kenneth W., Robert O. Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter, and Duncan Snidal. “The Concept of Legalization.” International Organization 54, no. 3 (2000): 401–19. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081800551271.
“International Law.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 21, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law.
“Korean Air Lines Flight 007.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, March 26, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007. | aerospace |
https://chattycrone.blogspot.com/2009/12/happy-new-years-eve.html | 2018-05-22T13:53:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864790.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522131652-20180522151652-00336.warc.gz | 0.982085 | 410 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__24452597 | en | Life is too short to wake up with regrets.
Love the people who treat you right.
Forget about the ones who don't.
Believe everything happens for a reason.
If you get a second chance, grab it with both hands.
If it changes your life, let it.
Nobody said life would be easy.
They just promised it would be worth it.
Happy Birthday John Denver-
Denver was born in Roswell, New Mexico as Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr to Erma Louise Swope and Henry John Deutschendorf, Sr., an Air Force officer and flight instructor of German ancestry.
A pilot with over 2,700 hours of experience, Denver had single-engine land and sea, multi-engine land, glider, and instrument ratings. He also held a type rating in a Learjet. He had recently purchased the Long-EZ aircraft and had taken a half-hour checkout flight with the aircraft the day before the accident. The NTSB cited Denver's unfamiliarity with the aircraft and his failure to have the aircraft refueled as causal factors in the accident. Denver was the sole occupant of the aircraft.
Before the accident, the FAA had learned of his failure to abstain entirely from alcohol subsequent to drunk driving arrests, and since his medical certification was conditional on this, a determination was made that due to his drinking problem, he was not qualified for any class of medical certification at the time. At least a third-class medical certification was required to exercise the privileges of his pilot certificate. There was no trace of alcohol or any other drug in Denver's body at autopsy, however. As the wreck badly disfigured Denver's body, dental records were needed to confirm that the fallen pilot of the Long-EZ was indeed the singer.
This is the day to decide where you will be going. . .
Happy New Year from The Crone's (lol) Chatty
See ya next year and God Bless. Chatty | aerospace |
http://amatrices-x.com/steel-stories/innovation/alternative-propulsion-will-power-the-future-of-air-travel/ | 2024-04-21T23:57:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818067.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421225303-20240422015303-00264.warc.gz | 0.948497 | 733 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__110867933 | en | As the air industry faces up to a world where more sustainable flight is crucial to its future survival, the race for greener propulsion is on.
In December last year, in the picturesque airport of Tarbes–Lourdes–Pyrénées in southwest France, a landmark moment in hybrid-electric flight was achieved as an experimental aircraft demonstrator took off for its maiden test flight. The EcoPulse is an aircraft co-developed by , and , and the December trial kicks off eight months of flight tests that will explore and establish the viability of distributed hybrid-propulsion systems.
Spreading the loadHybrid-propulsion is part of Airbus’ decarbonisation roadmap, with the aerospace giant developing a mixture of approaches to its transition to more sustainable aviation systems. However, it’s not working alone and if aviation is to become greener it will be because of efforts form across the industry. Hybridisation is a key part of aviation’s transition, as research shows that it can lower an aircraft’s environmental impact by as much as 5%. As such, EcoPulse’s maiden voyage represents a major milestone in advancing the air industry’s electrification. But what is distributed propulsion? Along the EcoPulse’s wings are spread a set of ‘pods’, each of which contains a hybrid-electric propulsion system with its own high-voltage battery and a ‘turbomachine’ equipped with an electrical generator. This distributing of the aircraft’s propulsion systems and related air flows across its wings improves its aerodynamic and structural performance, eking out marginalised gains which can be combined with more efficient steel-built electric engines.
An engine for changeEcoPulse is based on a modified Daher TBM 900 turboprop aircraft. The standard engine and propeller systems which run on traditional fuels are supported by six wing-mounted propellers, each of which is driven by a 50-kW Safran ENGINeUS electric engine powered by batteries or a 100-kW auxiliary power unit. The traditional propulsion engine is used for take-off and landing, while the hybrid-propulsion system is deployed once the aircraft reaches cruising altitude. As they supplement instead of replacing the existing engine systems, the hybrid pods have to be as light and efficient as possible and here material choice is key. Electrical steel is manufactured for its magnetic properties and is crucial to the operation of an electric motor’s stators and rotors. Able to withstand the mechanical pressures generated by the high RPM seen in an electric motor, electrical steel helps minimise core energy losses. Keeping energy losses at a minimum through more and more efficient engines is crucial to future of air travel and new high-tech electrical steels are being created to meet this unique need. Lighter, more efficient electric engines mean increased range for aircraft that are using sustainable propulsion.
Decarbonising aviationFlight testing of the EcoPulse will last until mid-2024 at the latest and will include up to 30 test flights. The trial of its state-of-the-art, lightweight battery and electric engine system will provide valuable data on how hybrid propulsion can be applied to the future of aviation. Taking the learnings from this demonstrator and assessing how it can applied to variety of aircraft, including larger passenger planes, is a crucial stage on the way to greening the air industry. As steel-built electric flight technology continues to mature, it holds the promise of making air travel a more sustainable mode of transportation and helping to keep the world connected. | aerospace |
https://www.dga.group/founder/ | 2024-02-24T06:37:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474523.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224044749-20240224074749-00563.warc.gz | 0.954036 | 266 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__91486858 | en | Diana Chou is the first woman to sell private jets in Asia. She is also an aviation disruptor who has shaped the development of the industry over the 25 years since she started out as an official sales representative of Bombardier Business Aircraft in 1999.
Today, Ms. Chou operates her three companies under Dragon General Aviation Group (DGA). They are: JET 8 Aviation, specializing in aircraft acquisition, resales and consulting; L’VOYAGE Travel, a Hong Kong-licensed travel agency and bespoke private jet chartering company; and previously, Aerochine, the official Greater China representative for Bell Helicopter. DGA Group has offices in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing and Kuala Lumpur.
As a founding member serving on the Board of Governors of the Asian Business Aviation Association, Ms. Chou has spearheaded the growth of business aviation in Asia. She is also Director of The Pacific Basin Economic Council; Council Member of The Better HK Foundation; and Advisor at IM Pei Foundation. She is also an active investor in the aviation technology space, serving as founder & chairman of Prime Colour Holdings Ltd, and majority shareholder of Spectrum Networks LLC.
A frequent mentor to female entrepreneurs, Ms. Chou was one of 22 women founders comprising the EY Entrepreneurial Winning Women Asia Pacific Class of 2020. | aerospace |
https://web.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/chas/DiscoveryAndBeyond.htm | 2022-01-26T07:32:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304928.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126071320-20220126101320-00340.warc.gz | 0.910253 | 1,720 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__141276870 | en | Discovery and Beyond
Wall Street Journal Op-Ed (8/1/2005)
By Charles Beichman
The fact that the Space Shuttle Discovery's External Tank continues to
shed large pieces of insulating foam shows that the conditions that led
to the Columbia tragedy have not been completely eliminated.
Fortunately, there is no indication of any threat to Discovery itself,
but the problem serves to highlight the risks inherent to human
spaceflight. As NASA engineers work to understand the implications of
this recurring problem, NASA and the nation must debate how to balance
the nation's space program in the longer-term context of its two main
goals: science and exploration.
Many scientists are worried that they will be forced to pay the price of
delayed or cancelled missions for a renewed commitment to human
exploration and the ever more pressing need for a new, human-rated space
vehicle to replace the Shuttle. However, we must recognize that the
dichotomy between science and exploration is a false one: the best
science is exploration and true exploration builds on the best science.
In 1767, the British government sent Captain Cook and scientist Joseph
Banks to Tahiti for reasons of astronomical research, exploration, and
empire. In 1972, the United States achieved a similar milestone for
equally mixed reasons when we landed a practicing geologist, Harrison
Schmitt, on the moon to explore its surface. A successful space program
will support both science and exploration.
In the past decade, robotic spacecraft and telescopes have been our
primary vehicles of exploration. American and European scientists and
engineers, working together or in friendly competition, have forged
modern technology into extensions of our human senses to let us
investigate the planets and moons in our own and other planetary
systems. With our cameras on landers and rovers we see rocks and river
basins on Mars and Saturn's moon Titan; with the Spitzer telescope we
sense the heat of another Jupiter orbiting its parent star; with the
microphone on the Huygens lander we hear the sounds of the alien world
Titan; with our remote handling tools, spectrometers, and chromatographs
we bring the modern analogues of touch, taste and smell to chemical
analyses of planetary soils and even of planets orbiting other stars.
Even if the applications of this research are not immediate, the
questions are profound and long-standing, touching on the birth, life,
and death of the Universe, as well as on the creation, evolution and
ultimate fate of life. Is life an imperative of the laws of physics and
chemistry? Is the Universe habitable by chance or design? Does the
Universe teem with life or are we alone? These are debates of science,
of philosophy, and of belief stretching back more than 2,400 years as
suggested by a quote from the Greek philosopher Epicurus (ca 300 BC):
"There are infinite worlds both like and unlike this world of ours. . .
. We must believe that in all worlds there are living creatures and
plants and other things we see in this world." We can now reframe this
debate with new facts using 21st Century technology. The importance of
these questions and the excitement of discovery creates and nourishes
curious minds. Watching the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo launches
inspired the career choices of many of today's scientists and engineers.
The 12 billion hits on the Mars Rover Web sites suggest that today's
space science results are doing the same for the next generation.
While robotic space science has produced glorious results (and a few
inglorious debacles) over the past decade, human spaceflight has
languished without clear goals. If you think of the Space Shuttle as
tugboat in the harbor of low-earth orbit, then the International Space
Station is a man-made island built in the middle of the harbor for want
of a better destination for the tugboat. While both the Shuttle and the
Space Station are wonderful engineering accomplishments, no one can
really explain why were they built other than to keep the human
spaceflight program alive while waiting for something better to happen.
Unfortunately, instead, while we were waiting, something worse happened:
14 astronauts died in two horrible shuttle accidents. While the skill
and courage of our astronauts is beyond measure, the tasks we have given
them are not worthy of the risks they bear with each launch and each
It is valid to question whether humans should go into in space at all.
Instead of indulging our romantic notions of Star Wars, why not just
send R2-D2 and C3PO? Then, if a mission fails, a few review boards will
investigate the technical reasons for the failure, but no lives would be
lost and no bereft families would need a president's consolation. But
the urge to explore has defined humanity for tens of thousands of years
as we migrated from continent to continent, outward from Africa to
Europe, Polynesia and the Americas. In "Guns, Germs and Steel," Jared
Diamond describes an atavistic urge to go over the next mountain range
or beyond the ocean's horizon, to move from where we are to where we
might be. The modern expression of these urges leads to our search for
water and life on Mars, to the search for habitable planets orbiting
We will first expand our horizons robotically because it is cheapest and
safest, but when it becomes possible, we will eventually expand
humanity's physical presence to the only other planet capable of
supporting life as we know it, Mars. This exploration will not be cheap.
It certainly will not be risk-free and it will not happen soon. But once
we have used our robotic scouts to identify interesting places to visit,
e.g. geothermal hot spots where liquid water might be found or recently
discovered sites of methane gas, we will ultimately send human scouts to
continue a migration that started 100,000 years ago.
How can NASA balance science and exploration? For exploration, we should
acknowledge that humans have little more to learn in low earth orbit.
NASA should satisfy our international commitments by bringing the
International Space Station to a minimum level of completion as soon as
possible and then move onto more important business. Let Virgin Galactic
offer private harbor tours to rich tourists. We must leave the harbor
and venture again into the "blue water" of deep space. Following
President Bush's post-Columbia vision for space exploration and under
Dr. Griffin's leadership, NASA has started down this path, but long term
congressional support will be critical to this expensive undertaking and
the continuing problems with a fragile, ageing Space Shuttle fleet give
great urgency to the identification of a new approach.
For space science, the science community, working with NASA and through
the National Academy, has laid out programs that will search for
habitable environments on Mars and Jupiter's moon Europa, look for
potentially life-bearing planets orbiting nearby stars, identify the
first galaxies forming after the Big Bang, and study the birthplaces of
the first black holes. In today's difficult budget environment not all
new science projects will be affordable and not all existing projects
can be funded indefinitely into the future. Not if we are to gain the
most important new capabilities. Continual prioritization of scientific
goals, careful selection and management of projects of appropriate size
to ensure a continuous flow of new ideas, and competition between
talented teams of scientists and engineers will ensure the continuation
of the legacy of the Hubble Space Telescope and the Mars Rovers.
If, in the difficult debates over what to do next and what to give up,
we are guided by a critical self-examination to ensure that we are
addressing the most pressing scientific questions and daring the most
audacious goals in human exploration, then we will convince our fellow
citizens that our efforts are worthy of their continued support.
Congratulations to Discovery and godspeed you home.
Mr. Beichman is an astronomer and the executive director of the
Michelson Science Center at the California Institute of Technology. | aerospace |
https://hutt-chamber.org.nz/member-directory/wings-over-wairarapa/ | 2019-10-15T07:35:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986657586.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015055525-20191015083025-00089.warc.gz | 0.869228 | 173 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__104019973 | en | Yvonne Way, Business Development Manager
The Wings over Wairarapa Air Festival is held every two years at Hood Aerodrom, Masterton. In 2019 we will be celebrating our 20th year of organising air shows. Wings is the largest aviation event in the North Island. The beautiful Wairarapa region provides a stunning backdrop to an extravaganza of aerial action over three days – 22, 23, 24 February 2019.
Our 2019 Air Festival will feature WWI, WWII aircraft, agricultural, helicopters, military and civil aircraft on display and in the skies. The Royal New Zealand Air Force display team ‘The Black Falcons’ will be a feature of the weekend. We also have, for the first time, a stunning Saturday Night Show featuring the UK ‘Airborne Pyrotechnics’ night gliding team. | aerospace |
https://deliversgroup.com/what-is-southwest-airlines-known-for/ | 2023-09-24T13:32:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506646.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924123403-20230924153403-00650.warc.gz | 0.966482 | 1,354 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__173705066 | en | In addition to being the world’s largest low-cost carrier, Southwest Airlines Co. is based in the United States. Dallas, Texas, is its headquarters, and it has scheduled services to 121 destinations in the United States and ten other countries. In 2018, Southwest Airlines carried more passengers within the domestic territory of the United States than any other airline in the country.
Herb Kelleher and Rollin King founded Air Southwest Co on March 9, 1967. As an intrastate airline that first flew between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio, Southwest Airlines Co. adopted its current name in 1971 when it began operating wholly within Texas. It started its regional interstate service in 1979 and expanded it to a nationwide network over the following decades.
Due to its unique business model, Southwest is different from other US airlines as it uses a rolling hub, point-to-point network, and free checked baggage as part of its service. In terms of its fleet, it solely consists of Boeing 737s. When the year’s busiest season comes around, the airline operates about 4,000 departures daily and has approximately 66,100 employees.
In a legal strategy to prevent the company from undercutting them by flying only within Texas, three other airlines took legal action. After the lawsuits were resolved, Southwest Airlines Co. Dallas Love Field to Houston flights began regularly operating in 1971. Southwest Airlines started working flights to various cities within Texas in 1975, and in 1979, it expanded its services to neighbouring states as well. The service was first offered in the 1990s to the East and Southeast regions of the country. From 1973 to 2019, Southwest Airlines profited for 47 consecutive fiscal years.
In 2021, Southwest will operate flights to more than 100 destinations in 42 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Southwest Airways uses a rolling hub model in its base cities rather than the traditional hub-and-spoke system used by other major airlines. It prefers a point-to-point system combined with the conventional hub-and-spoke model other major airlines use.
In The Fleet:
Airlines have a fleet of 771 aircraft as of December 2022. Southwest Airlines currently operates only Boeing 737 jetliners in its fleet, except a few Boeing 727-200s that it leased and operated between 1979 and 1980 and 1983 to 1985. Southwest Airlines operates more Boeing 737s than any other airline operator worldwide. Southwest’s use of a single primary aircraft type allows pilots and flight attendants to crew any aircraft in its fleet without being limited to a kind of aircraft. A 100-jet order for the MAX 7 from Southwest was announced in March 2021. With the ruling, Southwest Airlines became the largest buyer of Boeing jets in the company’s history. In June 2021, they increased their overall order of Max 7 planes to a total of 234 aircraft, which represents an increase of over 25%.
Experience of Passengers:
There are no business or first-class cabins on Southwest’s aircraft. However, Southwest does offer many amenities, including: There is a free check-in allowance of two bags per passenger, and the company allows passengers to change their flights without extra charge up to 10 minutes before their departure time. There are complimentary non-alcoholic beverages on Southwest flights and alcoholic beverages for sale for $6 to $7 per drink on Southwest flights. During some holidays, such as Valentine’s Day, Halloween, and Christmas, alcoholic beverages are free of charge. On all flights, you will also receive complimentary snacks as part of the service.
Southwest Airlines changed the boarding procedure in 2007 by introducing a number initially. There will be a letter (A, B, or C) and a number (1 through 60) assigned to each passenger. Many seats are available on the aircraft, so passengers must line up within each letter group according to numerical order. According to a 2012 study on the television series MythBusters, this is the fastest method on average, and the boarding process is 10 minutes faster for passengers. Moreover, the airline also came in first in the league of airlines that received its Airline Quality Rating in 2020. For plus-sized travellers who take up more space than one seat, Southwest has a “customer of size” policy that refunds the cost of a second seat.
Entertainment on board:
Live television, movies, music, and app messaging are now available for $8 with Wi-Fi. On August 21, 2009, Southwest Airlines announced that it would begin rolling out satellite-based Wi-Fi Internet connectivity via Global Eagle Entertainment’s satellite-broadband product after a testing phase in February 2009—the first quarter of 2010 marked the beginning of Southwest’s addition of Wi-Fi to its aircraft. Passengers can now watch live TV, and movies, chat via iMessage or WhatsApp, and track flights in real-time via Wi-Fi on November 1, 2018, with full Internet access open to regular passengers for a fee.
On June 18, 1987, Southwest began offering a frequent-flyer program called The Company Club. No matter how far the trip was flown, it was a credit to the program. Southwest Airlines’ frequent flyer program was given a new name on April 25, 1996: Rapid Rewards. For every 16 credits accumulated over 24 months, Southwest awarded one round-trip ticket free for 12 months. After March 1, 2011, Rapid Rewards changed to a points-based system. In addition, Rapid Rewards points stay active as long as the member is alive as of October 18, 2019. It also adds more options for utilizing points. Read More
Passenger incidents and controversy:
Southwest removed a woman from a flight on September 26, 2017, after claiming she had a life-threatening dog allergy. Two dogs were on the flight, one of which was a certified service animal on the aircraft at the time. There was a request from Southwest employees to provide documentation of her condition. She had to exit the plane multiple times before police and the airline employees could escort her.
The Chicago Midway Airport removed a family from a flight on December 29, 2017, due to the suspicion that they had unconfirmed head lice, resulting in the family being unable to board the flight.
An inspector general’s report by the Department of Transportation found that Southwest Airlines Flying aeroplanes with safety concerns and that the FAA was taking action not adequately overseeing it. A Southwest flight captain watched pornography on a laptop computer while his female first officer continued her duties in 2020. | aerospace |
https://ctec.salkeiz.k12.or.us/programs/aviation | 2023-12-06T20:39:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100603.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206194439-20231206224439-00741.warc.gz | 0.957282 | 822 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__168084645 | en | What is Aviation?
Students enrolled in CTEC’s brand new Aviation program will experience a variety of careers in the aviation industry as they take their CTEC classes at the Salem Municipal Airport (free transportation provided). Working alongside industry professionals, students will have the opportunity to earn licensure as an airplane pilot, an aircraft maintenance technician, or a drone pilot. The program has many local industry partners as well as partnerships with national companies such as Alaska Airlines and Garmin. Students with an interest in flying, building, or repairing planes or drones will gain valuable experience and certification in the CTEC Aviation program.
We want our students to be ready for whatever comes after high school. CTEC’s Aviation students work with state-of-the-art simulators, software, and equipment and learn the skills necessary to succeed in flying airplanes, repairing various airplane systems, and programming and operating unmanned autonomous systems (UAS). CTEC Aviation students graduate ready to fill the high-demand jobs in this industry. Our students are ready to start their careers with the following industry-relevant skills and knowledge:
- Interpret meteorological conditions and apply them to flight planning and aircraft operations
- Operate, maintain and repair avionics systems including communications, navigation, flight control, etc.
- Perform aircraft maintenance using current and emerging tools and technology
- Understand and implement the engineering process as it applies to drone programming and operations
- Specialize in either airplane piloting, aircraft maintenance, or drones.
- Certified with the general knowledge portion of the Airframe and Powerplant
- FAA Part 61 Private Pilot Ground School & Written Exam
- Certified with FAA Part 107 Drone Operator’s License
Students in Aviation learn contextualized science and English. Students receive coaching and resources to explore career options they may want to pursue directly out of the program or with continued education. Coupled with the experiences they have throughout this program, they graduate with a plan and the ability to adjust the plan throughout their career. With a foundation of industry-standard skills, rigorous science and English training, and the ability to interact with state-of-the-art equipment, our students are ready to pursue their dreams and goals.
Amy Divelbiss, English and Science
Amy Divelbiss joined CTEC in the fall of 2023. She attended Willamette University and earned a BS in Biology and Master of Arts in Teaching. Amy has worked as a teacher since 1994: She taught middle school science in Colorado from 1994-1998, Biology, Wellness, AVID and CTE/Health at North Salem High School from 2004-2018, and she worked as a District New Teacher Mentor from 2018-2023. Amy earned her private pilot license in 1996. Her favorite thing about CTEC is collaboration and community. She considers herself fortunate to be working with the incredible Aviation instructors and students. When Amy is not at CTEC, she enjoys spending time outside with family, on the water or in the forest. And she loves books, coffee, and more coffee.
Ronnie (RJ) Hampton, Drones
James Hutches, Airplane Piloting
Jason Leroy, Aircraft Maintenance
Jason Leroy came to CTEC in 2023. He earned a B.A. in Physical Geography at UC Santa Barbara and his M.A.T. at Western Oregon University. He has taught integrated science for 17 years. Prior to teaching, Jason worked as a United States Coast Guard Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT2) for 3 years. Jason’s favorite thing about working at CTEC is the relevancy of the instruction and the future possibilities for students that complete their education here. In his downtime, he enjoys surfing, camping, DIY projects, and traveling with family and friends.
Trish Wilson has worked at CTEC since 2020. She looks forward to being at CTEC every day and absolutely loves her team and students. When not at CTEC, she enjoys spending time with family, movies, beach trips and watching paranormal shows with her daughter. | aerospace |
http://b927.com/ | 2019-06-16T15:11:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998250.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616142725-20190616164602-00079.warc.gz | 0.891605 | 128 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__29012398 | en | March 2005: Finally purchased a domain name, which should make the updates easier and uptime less dependant on my ISP.
April 2005: Uploaded latest pictures on the picture page including 3 displays for outside view
These pages are dedicated to the flight simulator I am currently building from real aircraft parts. Hopefully this will help first time sim builders. I have parts from different airliners, B727, B737, B747, DC10, L1011, procured on eBay and in the California desert.
Click on the Links page for a FREE GIFT
Pages maintained by Patrice Bonnefoi © 2005 | aerospace |
https://uttkrist.com/aerospace-and-defense/ | 2023-12-01T17:32:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00259.warc.gz | 0.869003 | 176 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__532152 | en | Aerospace and Defense
The Aerospace and Defense landscape is undergoing a seismic transformation, with digitalization, global geopolitical dynamics, and sustainability imperatives reshaping the industry's very core, demanding agile and forward-thinking strategies.
Our Service Dynamics
Our consulting services in Aerospace and Defense leverage deep industry expertise and cutting-edge insights to empower clients in making informed decisions, enhancing operational efficiency, and navigating complex challenges.
Our outsourcing solutions in Aerospace and Defense deliver cost-effective, scalable, and specialized support, enabling organizations to focus on their core competencies while we manage critical functions, fostering agility and competitive advantage.
In the realm of Aerospace and Defense distribution, we ensure seamless supply chain management, timely deliveries, and access to a global network of partners, guaranteeing that clients have the resources they need, precisely when and where they need them.
Let’s start a | aerospace |
http://www.c-in.eu/references/emirates-inaugural-flight-gala-dinner | 2017-03-30T02:35:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218191984.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212951-00051-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.890389 | 160 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__84647629 | en | EMIRATES INAUGURAL FLIGHT GALA DINNER
- 27. October - 28. October 2014
- Corporate Events
- Participants: 300
On the 27th of October, 2014 at 11:20 local time the first Emirates Airbus A 330-200 type aircraft landed on Budapest Airport's Runway 2. This initiated a new daily flight service, which connects Budapest to Dubai and C-IN was the main service provider for the event.
C-IN organised three diverse events: Press Conference at the Budapest airport – Terminal 2, Gala Dinner at Terminal 1 and the Opening of the Budapest contact centre. Services provided by C-IN included AV and technical equipment, branding and decorations, moderator and hostess services, catering, transfers and many other event elements. | aerospace |
https://www.ortelle.org/resume-examples-for-airline-customer-service/ | 2019-05-22T20:50:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256958.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522203319-20190522225319-00067.warc.gz | 0.767378 | 251 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__190493328 | en | Airline Mechanic Resume Examples Unique Stock Aircraft Mechanic of Resume Examples For Airline Customer Service , Source image: https://www.ourpetscrawley.com/71-elegant-photos-of-airline-mechanic-resume-examples/airline-mechanic-resume-examples-unique-stock-aircraft-mechanic-resume-templates-resume-format-examples-2018/.
sample resume for cabin crew with no experience ¢Ë 34 resume for. good resume examples fresh good words to use resume basic resume. 50 awesome business resume example. about me for resume examples beautiful about me essay example. resume for fast food – soa world. sample resume for airline customer service representative new sample. airline mechanic resume examples unique stock aircraft mechanic. sample resume for airline customer service representative new. airline mechanic resume examples unique stock aircraft mechanic. 50 awesome business resume example. resume for bank customer service representative. airline pilot resume sample mercial truck driver resume sample. job objective examples free an objective for a resume inspirational. air force military resume best 49 pdf us army resume examples. sample resume for no experience flight attendant resume for flight. | aerospace |
https://www.myholidays.com/en-ae/flights-from-abu-dhabi-to-dublin | 2021-10-22T10:23:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585504.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022084005-20211022114005-00396.warc.gz | 0.927027 | 130 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__78475742 | en | Cheap Plane Tickets Abu Dhabi to Dublin
Book flights from Abu Dhabi to Dublin at the comfort of your home from Myholidays. Enjoy super savings on your flight bookings by availing our offers and deals. A non-stop flight from Abu Dhabi to Dublin takes around 8 hours 15 minutes to cover the flight distance between Abu Dhabi and Dublin while connecting flight can take more than 11 hours. Etihad, Multiple airlines and Lufthansa are some famous airlines on the AUH to DUB route. Compare the airfare and book your Abu Dhabi to Dublin air tickets now and get exclusive discounts on your flight bookings from our website. | aerospace |
https://www.dentistsinwhittier.com/flightdeck-flight-simulation-center-anaheim-ca/ | 2024-04-23T12:09:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818474.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423095619-20240423125619-00424.warc.gz | 0.944945 | 489 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__11776422 | en | Flightdeck Flight Simulation Center
The flight simulator is the most exciting part of the Flightdeck Flight Simulation Center. You can visit it at 400 West Disney Way, Anaheim, CA 92802. It is a fun way to experience the cockpit experience and to fly a plane. This flight simulator is the perfect place to get away from everyday school activities for ages eleven and up. You can feel like you are in the real cockpit with realistic scenarios and flight controls! This is an excellent experience for both kids and adults.
The facility is located less than five miles southeast of downtown Anaheim. It is essential to make reservations at least a week before your private flight. The flight simulator center is open Tuesday through Friday from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m., and Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. The flight cost varies depending on the simulator used and can range from $109 to $398, depending on the aircraft type.
Visitors can also try flying a real fighter jet in one of the eight flight simulators at Flightdeck. Those interested in military aviation should visit the flight simulator center to learn more about how the cockpit works. It simulates real aircraft experience and provides an immersive experience that can inspire future pilots. There are several flight simulators to choose from, ranging from a single-engine airplane to a multi-engine jet.
To get the best flight experience, you can book flights with the Flightdeck Flight Simulation Center. Tickets can be purchased online or at the front desk. If you’re planning on going with a group, it is best to book your appointment in advance. The flight deck is open Tuesday through Friday from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m., and it is available on weekends from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.
You’ll need to make reservations in advance and pay a minimum of $15. You can reserve a seat for a flight by calling the center. The center offers three different types of flights: a Boeing 737 simulator, a military jet simulator, and a helicopter simulator.
The Flightdeck Flight Simulation Center is an excellent place for a day out. The Flightdeck is open Tuesday through Friday from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. and on Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. You can also purchase tickets to the simulator at Flightdeck. | aerospace |
https://filmshortage.com/trailers/the-beyond/ | 2019-01-21T23:04:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583814455.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121213506-20190121235506-00442.warc.gz | 0.91555 | 230 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__119299459 | en | The Beyond is a science fiction documentary film that blends the realism of ‘found footage’ with the fantastical, ‘big idea’ nature of the science fiction films of today.
The Beyond tells a fascinating and exhilarating story chronicling the ground-breaking mission which sent astronauts – modified with advanced robotics, through a newly discovered wormhole known as the Void. When the mission returns unexpectedly, the space agency races to discover what the astronauts encountered on their first of its kind interstellar space journey.
It promises to be a cinematic, thinking man’s found footage film that shares inspiration from the likes of Contact and District 9 while creating a wholly new sub-genre all its own — what Paranormal Activity did for horror, The Beyond intends to do for science fiction.
The Beyond will be available in the US on January 9th 2018 via Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vimeo, Vudu, Microsoft XBOX, YouTube, Cox Communications, Dish Communications, Suddenlin and Verizion Fios. Other platforms including an HDR version will be announced over the coming months as well as an International release date. | aerospace |
http://thealannote.com/SpacexDragon/nasa-spacex-dragon-video | 2021-06-22T07:35:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488512243.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622063335-20210622093335-00424.warc.gz | 0.949035 | 585 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__207652261 | en | HAWTHORNE, Calif. - With a showman's flair for the dramatic, electric car builder and rocket designer Elon Musk unveiled a futuristic space capsule Thursday; a sleek reusable ferry craft that could carry astronauts to the International Space Station and bring them home to a pinpoint, rocket-powered landing.
"You'll be able to land anywhere on Earth with the accuracy of a helicopter, which is, I think, something a modern spaceship should be able to do, " Musk told a throng of reporters and invited guests.
"It will be capable of carrying seven people, seven astronauts, for several days. It has an improved version of our heat shield and it's all around, I think, really a big leap forward in technology. It really takes things to the next level."
The SpaceX Dragon version 2, or V2, spacecraft is Musk's entry in an ongoing NASA competition to develop a commercial crew capsule to carry U.S. and partner astronauts to and from the space station, ending reliance on Russian Soyuz spacecraft which cost the American space agency more than $70 million per seat under the latest contract.The SpaceX unveiling came the day after a Soyuz launch that delivered three fresh crew members to the station, including a NASA flight engineer. The mission came amid the most tense standoff between Washington and Moscow in decades, over Russia's actions in Ukraine, subsequent U.S. sanctions and Russian threats to pull out of the station program in 2020 and to stop supplying rocket engines used to help launch American military satellites.
Musk did not mention the Soyuz launch, but the SpaceX unveiling Thursday called renewed attention to NASA's current dependence on Russia for basic space transportation, a situation Musk wants to change with the Dragon V2.
But he's not alone. Musk is competing with aerospace giant Boeing, which is developing its own state-of-the-art capsule known as the CST-100, and Sierra Nevada, which is testing a winged lifting body known as the Dream Chaser that would glide to a runway landing much like NASA's retired space shuttle.
Depending on available funding from Congress, NASA is expected to award one and possibly two contracts late this summer to continue spacecraft development, with the ultimate goal of beginning NASA-sanctioned flights to the station around 2017.
With the dramatic unveiling of the Dragon V2 on Thursday, Musk took center stage, showing off a spacecraft he described as a significant step forward and saying he plans to build it whether SpaceX wins the NASA contract or not. Uncrewed test flights could begin as early as late 2015, he said, with the first piloted test flight anticipated by mid-2016.
NASA Commercial Crew Human Spaceflight Program for Transport to the International Space Station (ISS): SpaceX Dragon and Boeing CST-100 Contracts, Safety Reviews, History and Update Reports
eBooks (Progressive Management)
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https://www.besttechblogger.com/discover-the-advantages-of-aircraft-leasing/ | 2024-02-24T13:36:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474533.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224112548-20240224142548-00513.warc.gz | 0.942008 | 798 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__66701733 | en | The aviation industry has witnessed significant growth and evolution over the years, and one of the key drivers behind its success is the concept of aircraft leasing. Aircraft leasing refers to the practice of renting an aircraft from a lessor for a specific period, rather than purchasing it outright Elite Aviation. This financial arrangement has revolutionized the way airlines, charter companies, and even private individuals gain access to modern, efficient, and technologically advanced aircraft. In this article, we will delve into the advantages of aircraft leasing and how it has become a game-changer for the aviation industry.
One of the most significant advantages of aircraft leasing is the cost-efficiency it offers. Acquiring and maintaining an aircraft involves substantial capital investment, which can strain the financial resources of airlines, especially new and smaller carriers. By opting for leasing, airlines can access modern and fuel-efficient aircraft without committing to the high upfront costs associated with purchasing.
Furthermore, leasing allows airlines to avoid the depreciation risk that comes with aircraft ownership. As aircraft age, their market value depreciates, resulting in potential losses for the owner. Leasing eliminates this concern, as the lessor retains ownership of the aircraft and bears the risk of depreciation.
The aviation industry is highly dynamic and subject to fluctuations in demand. Aircraft leasing enables airlines to adjust their fleet size and composition in response to market conditions. During periods of high demand, airlines can lease additional aircraft to expand their capacity rapidly Air Craft Leasing & Trading. Conversely, during downturns or off-peak seasons, they can return leased aircraft without being burdened by idle assets.
This flexibility extends to upgrading fleets as well. Leasing offers airlines the opportunity to regularly update their aircraft with the latest models, ensuring enhanced fuel efficiency, improved passenger comfort, and advanced technological features, all of which are vital for maintaining a competitive edge in the industry.
Focus on Core Competencies
Aircraft leasing allows airlines to focus on their core competencies, such as flight operations, safety, and customer service, without the additional responsibilities of aircraft ownership. Aircraft maintenance, regulatory compliance, and administrative tasks are often managed by the lessor, allowing the airline to concentrate its resources on providing excellent service and enhancing its brand reputation.
Access to the Latest Technology
With constant advancements in aviation technology, leasing enables airlines to access the latest and most technologically advanced aircraft without the burden of ownership. This not only enhances operational efficiency but also reduces fuel consumption and emissions, promoting environmental sustainability and compliance with global aviation regulations.
Mitigating Market Risks
The aviation industry is influenced by numerous macroeconomic factors, including fluctuating fuel prices, geopolitical tensions, and changing market dynamics. Aircraft leasing can be a strategic risk management tool for airlines, shielding them from potential market shocks. Since lease contracts can be relatively short-term, airlines can adapt to changing market conditions and economic uncertainties more effectively.
Testing New Markets
For airlines exploring new routes or entering emerging markets, aircraft leasing presents a lower-risk approach. Instead of committing to long-term aircraft purchases, which might prove less profitable if the new ventures do not succeed as expected, leasing offers the flexibility to assess market viability and demand before making significant investments.
Transition and Expansion
During periods of fleet expansion or transition, aircraft leasing is invaluable. It provides a bridge between retiring older aircraft and inducting new ones On Board Courier. This transition period can be efficiently managed, with minimal disruptions to flight schedules and passenger services, ensuring smooth operations throughout the process.
Aircraft leasing has emerged as a fundamental component of the aviation industry, offering numerous advantages to airlines and operators worldwide. Its cost-efficiency, fleet flexibility, and access to advanced technology have made it a preferred option for airlines seeking growth and sustainability. Moreover, the ability to mitigate market risks and the opportunities to explore new markets make aircraft leasing a strategic tool for long-term success. As the aviation industry continues to evolve, aircraft leasing will undoubtedly play an essential role in shaping its future. | aerospace |
https://hannessnellman.azurewebsites.net/news-views/references/hannes-snellman-counsel-to-lockheed-martin-on-its-new-uae-joint-venture/ | 2022-08-16T03:44:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572220.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816030218-20220816060218-00304.warc.gz | 0.914178 | 181 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__6713670 | en | Hannes Snellman Counsel to Lockheed Martin on Its New UAE Joint Venture
13 November 2015
Hannes Snellman acted for Lockheed Martin (NYSE: LMT) in connection with the structuring and negotiation of its investment in Exechon Enterprises L.L.C., based in the United Arab Emirates. Hannes Snellman advised in particular on Swedish and Finnish law aspects of the acquisition of the assets and undertaking of Swedish company, Exechon AB, an investor in the new joint venture company.
Exechon Enterprises will establish an engineering and manufacturing center of excellence for Parallel Kinematics Machining (PKM) in the aerospace, defense and automotive sectors, as well as other industrial areas. It will also create an Application and Technology Development Center in collaboration with local industry and academia, establishing the UAE as the leading supplier of this cutting-edge automated manufacturing technology. | aerospace |
http://sbpaperrryq.lasvegasdentists.us/loss-of-cabin-pressure.html | 2018-10-21T21:10:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514355.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021203102-20181021224602-00475.warc.gz | 0.938515 | 963 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__26612023 | en | Skywest flight 5622 en route to bradley international airport in windsor locks, ct experienced a rapid decompression after losing cabin pressure somewhere over lake erie. In the unlikely event of a loss of cabin pressure, panels above your seat will open revealing oxygen masks reach up and pull a mask towards you. The embraer 175 aircraft was on its way to san antonio, texas, from washington-dulles international airport, virginia, when it experienced a loss of cabin pressure. Swa flight from orlando to birmingham on october 14, 2010 plane lost cabin pressure due to a failure of cargo door seal the plane was approximately at 27. In the event of a loss of cabin pressure posted by on sep 23, 2012 | i was born in 1958, part of a generation where many were raised in accordance with dr benjamin.
A description of what it is like when a plane's cabin loses air pressure. In case of loss of cabin pressure (time to change in-flight safety briefings) flying from adelaide to melbourne dropped 26000 ft after cabin became. July 2012 bulletin every flight attendant’s departure speech includes the line “in the event of a loss of cabin pressure, the oxygen masks will deploy -- please. Details about flight incident ryanair boeing 737-800 at lisbon on feb 28th 2018, loss of cabin pressure.
I've struggled with it too had to abandon a couple of runs where a hacking drone sealed a room and brought my o2 levels too high i was convinced i avoided this in. A couple have described the terrifying moment their plane plunged 20,000ft as the captain screamed 'mayday mayday' after a sudden loss of cabin pressure.
I have tried this achievement twice now, arriving in sector 8 with 13% net oxygen, however the achievement doesn't trigger: each time i only have two rooms. Flysafair experienced yet another terrifying loss of cabin pressure on sunday evening on board the same plane involved in a similar incident on friday afternoon.
They don't directly counter the effects of a loss in cabin pressure but that loss of cabin pressure means that the air in the cabin is the thinner air of high. Cabin pressure, the complete series 1 this is the second series of one-off comedies written by the genius behind the smash-hit radio sitcom cabin pressure - john. Boeing 737-330 (wl) owner/operator: jet2 the cabin pressure supply and air conditioning took over the left pack with the bleed air of the left engine in.
The preliminary investigation into the deadly plane crash that killed 121 in greece sunday has found the jetliner likely lost all air pressure before crashing north. It depends how quickly and at what altitude it happens the loss of the helios airways boeing 737 near athens on sunday may have been the result of a drop in cabin. Before i made the first jump, i opened all doors, disabled the oxygen systems and have not enabled it once during this playthrough i'm currently in sector 8 with my. Would failure to put on an oxygen mask during loss of cabin pressure result in death up vote 34 down vote favorite 6 (25841 assuming complete loss of cabin. Ancient pc stored in the dirt under a section of fuselage at aviation warehouse in el mirage, ca, a mojave desert aircraft boneyard that services the movie industry. A flight from south carolina to new york had to be diverted to raleigh, north carolina, after loss of cabin pressure. Why does a plane lose cabin pressure loss of cabin pressure is no joking matter — in 2005, a jet lost cabin pressure and slammed into a mountain in greece.
I am one of those people who pays attention to the safety routine before my flights every time i count how many rows i am away from an emergency exit row. Conflict management rule 4: take the initiative from geese's eight simple rules to managing conflictin the event of a loss of cabin pressure, an oxygen. Grammatiko, marathon, greece coordinates: passengers: 115: crew: 6 the same aircraft experienced a rapid loss of cabin pressure and the crew made an emergency. What happens if an airliner suddenly loses cabin pressure shoots a hole into the side of an aircraft and it results in total loss of cabin pressure with. Loss of cabin pressure [pic] executive summary at 1814 cst, on 2 april 2007, an israel aircraft industries 1124, westwind cargo jet departed with two on. Original music for the 2016 sabc radio show alibi to create an atmosphere of tension, shock and a call to action daily updates of my commission music.Download Loss of cabin pressure | aerospace |
https://flexjet.has-jobs.com/aircraft-maintenance-technician-white-plains-new-york-addison-texas-cleveland-ohio/127441/0 | 2017-04-30T12:39:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125532.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00231-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.885817 | 675 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__195020601 | en | Job: Aircraft Maintenance Technician
|Active since||06-01-2017||Job category||Science, research & development|
|Location||White Plains, New York; A...||Level||Entry level / Graduate|
|Educational level||Vocational / Diploma / As...||Employment type||-|
Are you interested in becoming a part of an innovative in-house maintenance facility working on private aircraft?
Flexjet (a 12 time Northcoast 99 Winner) is currently looking for an experienced, certified Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) to join our team! This position will be responsible for performing routine inspections, troubleshooting, and repairs including airframe structures, engines and aircraft systems. The Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) will make repairs and conduct tests to keep equipment operating efficiently and safely.
DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES
- Perform all airframe and powerplant repairs and modifications required to meet company and FAA requirements
- Remove and disassemble defective parts; assemble and install of replacement parts and testing aircraft system
- Operate all power tools and equipment necessary to accomplish job assignments
- Complete all required maintenance records in an accurate manner to include accurately reporting of times required to accomplish the tasks assigned
- Must support all company policies and safety programs to include OSHA and EPA regulations
- Interpret technical manuals, drawings and blueprints
- Present a clean and neat work area
- Demonstrate professionalism and deliver satisfaction to the internal/external customer
- Perform other related duties & responsibilities as assigned
EDUCATION & EXPERIENCE
- FAA Airframe & Powerpant License is required
- 2-4 years directly related aviation experience (corporate aircraft experience preferred)
- At least 2 years of fleet type experience desired
- Good working knowledge of Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 145, 135, 121
- Sheet metal experience is preferred but not required
- Successful candidate will be highly motivated and work effectively under pressure and time constraints
- Must have the ability to multi-task within a team environment
- Strong working knowlege of Windows and MS Office programs
- Possess proven inspection competencies
- Must be detail-oriented and well organized; demonstrate excellent communication skills, and a positive attitude
- Specialized aircraft tooling will be furnished by the company
Flexjet provides equal employment opportunities (EEO) to all employees and applicants for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability or genetics. In addition to federal law requirements, Flexjet complies with applicable state and local laws governing nondiscrimination in employment in every location in which the company has facilities. This policy applies to all terms and conditions of employment, including recruiting, hiring, placement, promotion, termination, layoff, recall, transfer, leaves of absence, compensation and training.
Flexjet expressly prohibits any form of workplace harassment based on race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, national origin, age, genetic information, disability, or veteran status. Improper interference with the ability of Flexjet’s employees to perform their job duties may result in discipline up to and including discharge.
Science, research & development
|Industry / Industries||
Hospitality / Recreation / Travel | aerospace |
https://www.sunwardhobbies.ca/content/tag/modelling-clubs/ | 2020-09-24T02:14:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400213006.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200924002749-20200924032749-00189.warc.gz | 0.918276 | 664 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__158124820 | en | Our three times postponed Cambridge Rocket Club launch is now a GO on Saturday September 19th. The weather forecast calls for cool temperatures and moderate winds, improving as the day moves on. We will be set up and ready to fly at 10:00 in the morning and will continue to fly as long are there … Read more
The forecast for this week-end includes wind gusts in excess of 30 KPH both Saturday and Sunday making it impossible for us to fly our model rockets (again). We will try to re-scheduled this launch for Saturday September 19th (weather permitting).
Bad weather due to high winds The current forecast projects wind gusts of 25 KPH in the morning, increasing to 38 KPH in the afternoon making it not possible for us to fly our model rockets. We will re-boot and try again on Saturday September 12th.
The weather forecast for this Saturday’s scheduled Cambridge Rocket Club launch is unsuitable for us to fly. The forecast calls for high winds, rain and threat of thunderstorms, therefore we must postpone our launch for 7 days. We will now reschedule our launch for Saturday September 5th. Club information: www.cambridgerocketclub.org
The Cambridge Rocket Club launch on Saturday August 15th is a GO. The weather forecast calls for cloudy skies, 25 degree temperatures and 15 – 20 KPH Easterly winds. We will most likely be setting up the club launch equipment in the very same spot we set up on August 1st and will be ready … Read more
The weather forecast for this Saturday’s Cambridge Rocket Club launch calls for calm winds and warm temperatures, ideal for flying. Therefore the CRC launch is a GO beginning at 10:00 Saturday morning. Please come prepared with adequate sun protection, water, etc. Face coverings are recommended but not manditory. The club will have face masks available … Read more
This launch is open to all members and guests. We must still require to practise physical distancing and wear a face covering where physical distancing is not possible. This launch will include our annual A.8-3 Parachute Spot Landing contest. All participants will be provided two (2) A.8-3 model rocket engines so that they can fly … Read more
The weather forecast for this Saturday’s Cambridge Rocket Club launch calls for light winds (less than 10 KPH) and warm temperatures (30 degrees +). These are ideal conditions to fly, therefore, the launch is a GO. We will be setting up the club launch equipment and ready to start at 10:00 in the morning and … Read more
The weather forecast for this Saturday May 30th is promising and we are all anxious to fly so we have decided to proceed with the first Cambridge Rocket Club launch of the year while abiding by COVID-19 provincial guidelines pertaining to physical distancing and gatherings of no more than five (5) people. This is how … Read more
We will be exhibiting at Heritagecon 14 on Sunday March 29, 2020. Hours – 9:00am to 4:00pm This is Canada’s largest plastic scale model show & contest within the backdrop of the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum. http://heritagecon.com/index.html | aerospace |
http://www.refinery29.com/2017/06/158496/nasa-astronaut-class-2017-women | 2017-06-26T02:22:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320666.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626013946-20170626033946-00343.warc.gz | 0.970822 | 651 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__193817934 | en | NASA just graduated its newest class of astronauts. Out of the over 18,300 applicants from all around the United States, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, and Puerto Rico, there are the 12 who were selected. For those doing the math, that puts the odds of being selected at less than 1 in 1,500. 2017's class is full of incredibly talented people with backgrounds ranging from engineering, the Navy, the Marines, to geoscience. One of the most exciting parts? Roughly half of them are women!
They join a group of only 350 who have been chosen to become astronauts since the beginning of the space program in 1959, but they're not off to outer space just yet. Before they can become eligible to go on a mission to the International Space Station, they will report to the Johnson Space Center in Houston in August for a training program that lasts two years.
Out of the very select few who made the cut, here is a bit about the five women joining the ranks of NASA.
1 of 5
Loral O’Hara is already an employee at NASA. The 34-year-old engineer earned a spot in NASA's KC-135 Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program. This program enables new researchers to run microgravity experiments. Before that, she was an intern at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Canada Flintridge where she spent a summer in Maryland as a research associate for Goddard Space Flight Center. Currently, she is developing ways to study extreme environments at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
2 of 5
Jessica Watkins may be a new astronaut, but she isn't new to space exploration. Already exploring Mars as part of the JPL team that operates the Curiosity rover, the Stanford graduate enjoys a rich life outside of work. With a Ph.D. from UCLA and a postdoctorate from Caltech working to discover Mars' geological history, Watkins also writes short stories, flies planes, and plays rugby.
3 of 5
Jasmin Moghbeli tests H-1 helicopters as a major in the Marines. Based in Arizona, she has accumulated more than 1,600 hours of flight time which includes 150 combat missions. A graduate of MIT, the Naval Postgraduate School, AND the Naval Test Pilot School, she is originally from Baldwin, NY; though she was born in Germany.
4 of 5
Kayla Barron has a master's degree from the University of Cambridge in nuclear engineering where she was a Gates Cambridge Scholar. Originally from Richland, WA; the 29-year-old is also a naval lieutenant. As a submarine warfare officer, she was one of the first women to serve on a Navy submarine. Before joining NASA, she worked at the U.S. Naval Academy as a right-hand-woman to the school's superintendent.
5 of 5
Zena Cardman, also 29, worked at the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research station in Antartica studying extremophiles, which are the organisms that live under some of the most extreme conditions on Earth. She is currently doing doctoral research at Penn State which involves cave slime in the hopes of earning her Ph.D. in geoscience. | aerospace |
https://bioicep.eu/recordd.php?tipo=1&id=914281 | 2024-04-20T08:03:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817491.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420060257-20240420090257-00451.warc.gz | 0.921355 | 633 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__189314837 | en | Sustainable and intelligent solutions company Demgy Group
(Saint-Aubin-sur-Gaillon, France) announces the acquisition of E.I.S. Aircraft GmbH
(Euskirchen), a German company specializing in the production of thermoplastic and composite components for the aerospace industry. The purchase will enable Demgy to consolidate its activities in Germany and strengthen its European leadership, promoting its processing of high value-added plastics, high-performance polymers and composites for the aeronautics sector. The company is combined under the Demgy E.I.S. GmbH name.
E.I.S. Aircraft is a long-standing industrial player specializing in cabin interiors, with the production of custom and standard components. It has industrial know-how in composites and plastic injection molding, crucial for Tier 1 suppliers and a large number of OEMs. E.I.S. Aircraft holds numerous patents for products designed and manufactured in its own factories and is unique in that it manufactures its own tools and molds and assembles its own products.
“Demgy and E.I.S. Aircraft are two of Europe’s historic players in the production of plastic and composite components for the aerospace industry,” Pierre-Jean Leduc, chairman of Demgy Group, emphasizes. “Our two entities are aligned in terms of their values and the strategy of lightening aircraft to promote the decarbonization of the aeronautical sector.”
With the acquisition, Demgy Group will have two additional production sites in Lemgo and Euskirchen, for a total of 10 plants and a total workforce of 800 people. The former is where the company will design and manufactures injection molded products from thermoplastic components dedicated to the aeronautics sector including equipment for aircraft cabins, armrests, shelves, air ducts, etc. The Euskirchen site specializes in composite materials, from development to assembly and finishing.
Demgy Group anticipates that its sales will exceed €100 million by 2023. Moreover, the company says it will now be able to deploy innovative solutions on a larger scale to lighten structures and offer components created from bioplastics or flax composites (e.g., Flaxcomp). Demgy Group will also enable its current customers and those of E.I.S. Aircraft to benefit from numerous intersite synergies, notably with Demgy Normandie, Demgy Atlantique, Demgy Romania and Demgy Chicago entities.
“This acquisition is a real opportunity for E.I.S. Aicraft to create technological and commercial synergies with Demgy Group,” Dr. Marcus Bernards, director of Demgy E.I.S., says. “Our aim is to make Demgy EIS an even stronger company, and to offer our customers an even more comprehensive range of products and services.”
For related content, read “Athletic shoe developed with repurposed thermoplastic waste | aerospace |
https://fergusonphillips.com/product/apollo-vii-xvii/ | 2022-01-26T11:43:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304947.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126101419-20220126131419-00028.warc.gz | 0.946641 | 154 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__118435019 | en | - 320 pages
- The large illustrated book on the Apollo missions – with unpublished photographic material from NASA
archives – What the astronauts really saw on their missions: Photographs from another world
- With a foreword by NASA astronaut Walter Cunningham
July 2019 marked the 50th anniversary of the first manned moon landing, a milestone in human history. NASA’s Apollo missions have lost none of their appeal to this day. This illustrated book shows almost forgotten, unpublished photographic material from the archives of NASA taken by the Apollo astronauts during their missions and painstakingly digitized. From over 27,000 photographs, the authors have selected the 225 best images. The result is a unique documentary about perhaps the most important event of the 20th century. | aerospace |
https://khaleejnewsdaily.com/dubai-aerospace-leases-7-airbus-a321/ | 2024-04-21T05:28:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421040323-20240421070323-00609.warc.gz | 0.930948 | 183 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__71097260 | en | Dubai Aerospace Enterprise (DAE) today announced that it had signed long-term lease agreements for 7 Airbus A321 Neo aircraft with IndiGo, India’s largest passenger airline. All 7 aircraft will be powered by CFM International’s Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion (LEAP) engines and are scheduled to be delivered in 2021.
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Dubai Aerospace leases 7 Airbus A321 Neo aircraft to IndiGo
Firoz Tarapore, Chief Executive Officer of DAE said, “We are delighted to add this fuel-efficient aircraft and popular aircraft type to our leased aircraft portfolio. This investment reiterates our commitment to invest in new, fuel-efficient aircraft to minimize carbon and nitrogen emissions as well as noise while at the same time increase performance, reliability and environmental sustainability.” | aerospace |
https://buildwerkz.com/geotails-30-year-mission-to-study-the-magnetosphere-ends/ | 2023-01-31T22:40:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499891.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131222253-20230201012253-00383.warc.gz | 0.96653 | 591 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__115689953 | en | The 30-year-old NASA-Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission has come to an end with the closure of operations on the Geotail satellite.
Geotail was launched in July 1992 and was designed to study the Earth’s magnetosphere. This is the region around the Earth where the particles of our planet’s magnetic field are affected. It is important for our well-being because it protects us from dangerous radiation from space. Because this radiation comes mainly in the form of the solar wind from the sun, the magnetosphere is not a round bubble – instead, it has the shape of a long tail on the night side of the planet caused by the outflow of particles from the sun.
Geotail orbited the Earth in a highly elliptical orbit which allowed him to study this tail, learning about its structure and dynamics. He used instruments to monitor magnetic and electric fields, as well as to observe plasma and high-energy particles. Originally designed to operate for four years, the satellite has endured 30 years of remarkable operation, providing data for over a thousand scientific papers.
The mission was also significant because it was a partnership between NASA and the Japanese space agency JAXA. “Geotail was a very productive satellite, and it was the first joint NASA-JAXA mission,” Don Fairfield, NASA’s first project scientist for Geotail, said in a statement. “The mission has greatly improved our understanding of how the solar wind interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field to produce magnetic storms and auroras.”
Geotail did not have an easy time of it during all his missions. In 1993, a year after launch, one of its computers failed, and it appeared that one of the mission’s main instruments, the Low Energy Particle experiment, would be unusable. The team tried to reset the computer with no luck, so they opted for a nail-biting option to adjust the satellite’s orbit by sending it around the dark side of the moon, where it would be temporarily blocked from sunlight and without power. After 10 minutes in the dark, the satellite came back out into the sunlight and managed to reset the computer.
This enabled the mission to continue as planned, but after many years of use, components began to fail. In 2012, one of the two data recorders stopped working. The second recorder worked until June 2022, when there was a problem and he could not revive it. Mission operations ended in November 2022, and NASA recently announced that the mission is now officially over.
Geotails leave a legacy of results under the magnetosphere, as well as traces of material in the moon’s extremely thin atmosphere. More recent missions continue its work, such as the Multiscale Magnetospheric mission launched in 2015. | aerospace |
http://m.state.gov/md141673.htm | 2013-05-26T04:04:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706624988/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121704-00098-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.945679 | 3,109 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__93651610 | en | U.S. Missile Defense and Regional Security
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Verification, Compliance, and Implementation
Thank you for your kind introduction. It’s great to be back here in Israel. I am very pleased and honored to be here on behalf of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Under Secretary of State Ellen Tauscher. This conference serves to highlight the key challenges from the proliferation of ballistic missiles, particularly short-range and medium-range threats, and the importance of missile defense in responding to those challenges. Indeed, these threats affect the entire international community, and Israel faces some of the most severe of them.
In my remarks today, I’d like to accomplish three things. First, I’d like to explain the United States’ new approach to missile defense. Second, I’ll share why the new U.S. approach to missile defense outlined in the recently released Ballistic Missile Defense Review (BMDR) is important for Israel, and why we believe that improvements in the U.S. missile defense posture will benefit both regional stability and Israel's security. And third, I’ll explain why the Obama Administration supports missile defense cooperation with Israel.
THE NEW APPROACH TO MISSILE DEFENSE
Let me begin by saying that missile defense cooperation between the United States and Israel has been going on for a long time and is built on a solid foundation. Israel was one of the first U.S. partners in missile defense when we initiated the joint Arrow program over two decades ago.
Missile defense plays an important role in the broader U.S. international security strategy. Missile defense supports diplomacy and defense, two of the three pillars of our international security strategy (the third pillar being development). Missile defense assures our allies and partners that the United States has the will and the means to deter and, if necessary, defeat a ballistic missile attack against our allies and our forward deployed troops and assets. Missile defense also provides U.S. and allied forces with freedom of maneuver by helping to negate the ability of regional actors to inhibit or disrupt U.S. military access and operations in the region.
Less obvious, perhaps, is the role of missile defense in supporting our diplomatic objectives. Our potential adversaries use ballistic missiles in peacetime as tools to support their diplomatic objectives, and sometimes to intimidate or coerce their regional neighbors. By offering missile defense as a means of regional protection, we enhance the credibility of U.S. extended deterrence commitments for our allies and friends. This, in turn, enables us to build coalitions for accomplishing shared objectives. For example, our friends and allies are therefore free to respond diplomatically to these threats because they have confidence that an effective missile defense strategy is in place.
The presence of missile defense also provides more options for the peaceful resolution of disputes, thereby enhancing regional stability and extended deterrence. Finally, missile defense also provides us the ability and time to pursue diplomatic solutions to crises that we do not want to allow to escalate.
With that as background, let me next discuss the new U.S. approach to missile defense and how it was developed. This new U.S. approach was largely driven by two factors: growth in the regional ballistic missile threat, and new technology opportunities offered by increasingly capable missile defense systems.
The overwhelming ballistic missile threat to deployed U.S. forces and our friends and allies around the world comes from short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. Current global trends indicate that ballistic missile systems are becoming more flexible, mobile, survivable, reliable, and accurate, while also increasing in range. A number of states are working to increase the protection of their ballistic missiles from pre-launch attack and to increase their effectiveness in penetrating missile defenses. Several states are also developing missiles suitable for delivering nuclear, chemical, and/or biological payloads.
States like Iran and North Korea also continue to pursue technologies to support long-range missile development, such as space launch vehicles, but there remains uncertainty about when a missile threat to the U.S. homeland will mature. As a result of these two key factors, the United States has rebalanced the missile defense program to focus greater attention on countering the current threat to U.S. forces, Allies, and partners while maintaining our ability to defend the homeland.
This rebalancing of the missile defense program began in the Fiscal Year 2010 budget. In that budget, funding for regional missile defense systems, such as the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense and the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense systems, was increased by almost $1 billion. This trend toward increased funding for regional missile defense systems has continued in the President’s Fiscal Year 2011 budget. The Administration also made a number of other adjustments to the program, including capping the number of long-range interceptors based in Alaska and California at 30. In the FY11 budget, the United States is maintaining and improving our effective capability against long-range threats to the United States by continuing to invest and ensure that the system is well-tested and operationally effective.
This approach was crystallized in the Ballistic Missile Defense Review, or BMDR, which was submitted to Congress in February of this year. The BMDR comprehensively considered U.S. ballistic missile defense policy, strategy, plans, and programs. The BMDR endorses aligning the missile defense posture with the near-term regional threat while sustaining and technically enhancing our ability to defend the U.S. homeland against a limited long-range attack.
The BMDR established certain policy priorities based on Presidential guidance. They are:
- The United States will continue to defend the homeland against the threat of limited ballistic missile attack.
- The United States will defend against regional missile threats to U.S. forces, while protecting our allies and partners and enabling them to defend themselves.
- Before new capabilities are deployed, they must undergo testing that enables assessment under realistic operational conditions.
- The commitment to new capabilities must be fiscally sustainable over the long term.
- U.S. ballistic missile defense capabilities must be flexible enough to adapt as threats change.
- The United States will lead expanded international efforts for missile defense.
Let me expand on this last priority, international cooperation on missile defense.
The United States seeks to prevent the development, acquisition, deployment, and use of ballistic missiles by regional adversaries. By reducing our adversaries’ confidence in the effectiveness of such attacks, deterrence is enhanced. It is clear that regional differences in geography, history, and relationships influence the scope and focus of missile defense cooperation activities. The BMDR acknowledged the unique deterrence and defense requirements for each region. It recommended pursuing region-by-region approaches based on the following three principles:
- First, the United States will strengthen regional deterrence architectures by building them on a solid foundation of strong cooperative relationships and appropriate burden sharing with our allies.
- Second, the United States will pursue a Phased Adaptive Approach (PAA) within each region that is tailored to the threats unique to that region, including the scale, scope and pace of their development, and the capabilities available and most suited for deployment. By “phased” and “adaptive” we mean implementing the best available technology to meet existing and evolving threats. If the threat evolves differently or in an unforeseen manner, we can review and adapt the architecture as necessary. As more capable interceptor technology is tested, proven, and available, we will phase that technology in to counter the increasing range and complexity of missile threats that we, our allies, and partners face.
- Third, as demand for missile defense assets within each region is expected to exceed supply, the United States will develop capabilities that are mobile and can be relocated in times of crisis. This should help deter would-be adversaries in all regions from thinking they can gain some long-term advantage.
MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL COOPERATION
The United States is working bilaterally and multilaterally with our allies and friends throughout the world to develop and deploy missile defense. I’d like to give you a brief rundown of our efforts. In Europe, the Administration is committed to implementing the PAA within a NATO context. The PAA provides greater capability for defending our allies and deployed U.S. troops sooner from the growing threat posed by short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. It can also incorporate new technologies quickly to adapt as the threat emerges and our technologies continue to mature. The new approach will be deployed in four phases, from 2011 to about 2020, to respond as ballistic missile threats develop. The European PAA (EPAA) is representative of how we plan to apply in practice the policy priorities that I described earlier. Poland and Romania have agreed to participate in the EPAA, and NATO Allies have welcomed EPAA as playing an important role for the Alliance as part of a broader response to counter ballistic missile threats.
Also in Europe, we have collaborated with the United Kingdom and Denmark to upgrade the Fylingdales and Thule early warning radars, and are continuing the co-development of the Medium Extended Air Defense System with our partners, Germany and Italy.
In East Asia, the United States is taking a bilateral approach to missile defense cooperation with our friends and allies. We have made considerable strides in BMD cooperation and interoperability with Japan. Japan has acquired a layered integrated missile defense system that includes Aegis BMD ships, PAC-3 fire units, early warning radars, and a command and control system. One of our most significant cooperative efforts is the co-development of a next-generation SM-3 interceptor, called the Block IIA. We also worked cooperatively to deploy a forward-based X-band radar in Japan.
In the Middle East, in addition to our missile defense cooperation with Israel (which you will hear more about shortly), we are working with our partners in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Furthermore, as we have made clear numerous times, we also seek to cooperate with Russia. As Secretary Clinton said in January, the United States and Russia face similar threats from the proliferation of ballistic missiles, and so the United States would welcome the opportunity to cooperate with Russia on missile defense. I would also note the U.S. missile defense capabilities are not directed at Russia and represent no threat to Russia’s strategic deterrent.
BILATERAL COOPERATION WITH ISRAEL
Of immediate interest to this audience is U.S. missile defense cooperation with Israel, which is central to our efforts to defend against ballistic missile threats emanating from the Middle East. Let me start off by discussing the threat, starting with Iran.
- Iran has developed and acquired ballistic missiles capable of striking deployed forces, allies, and partners in the Middle East and Southern Europe. It is fielding increased numbers of mobile regional ballistic missiles and claims to have incorporated anti-missile-defense tactics and capabilities into its ballistic missile forces. Iran has also flight-tested a solid-propellant medium range ballistic missile (MRBM) with a claimed range of 2,000 km. It is likely working to improve the accuracy of its short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs).
- Syria possesses hundreds of mobile SCUD-class and short-range ballistic missiles. These weapons are capable of reaching much of Israel and other states in the region. We are very concerned by reports that Syria has transferred SCUD missiles to Lebanese Hizballah. All states have an obligation under UN Security Council Resolution 1701 to prevent the importation of any weapons into Lebanon except as authorized by the Lebanese Government.
- Hizballah and Hamas (particularly the former) are capable of conducting irregular warfare campaigns that include, in the case of Hizballah, launching thousands of short-range rockets into Israeli population centers. Hizballah is attempting to expand its reach and effects by acquiring rockets with greater range and accuracy.
We are working with Israel on a number of missile defense activities to address these threats, from plans and operations to specific programs:
- BMD Operations and Plans: In addition to conducting the Biannual Juniper Cobra missile defense exercise with Israel in November 2009, the U.S. and Israel continue to meet regularly and coordinate extensively on a wide range of missile defense issues.
- Arrow Weapons System: The Arrow System provides Israel with an indigenous capability to defend against short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. The United States and Israel are co-producing the Arrow-2 missile defense system and engaged in additional BMD research and development activities. We are also working closely together on an improved version of the Arrow missile – the Arrow-3 – that will allow the system to engage threat missiles at greater ranges.
- X-band Radar: In September 2008, the United States and Israel worked together closely to deploy an X-band radar to Israel intended to enhance Israel’s defense.
- David’s Sling: The United States and Israel are co-developing the “David’s Sling” Weapon System (DSWS) to defend against short-range rocket and missile threats falling below the optimal capability for Israel’s Arrow interceptor.
All of these activities provide numerous benefits to Israeli security. They are built on a strong foundation of partnership that enables Israel and the United States to meet emerging security challenges, to focus on real threats, and to rely on proven system and technical solutions to those threats. Regional deterrence will be improved as missile-armed adversaries will find it difficult to threaten and coerce their neighbors in the Middle East and beyond.
However, the growing proliferation of missile threats, especially those with ranges of less than 1,000 kilometers, mean that regional demand for U.S. BMD assets is likely to exceed supply for some years to come. This places a premium on developing flexible, adaptable, and relocatable defense capabilities and in encouraging the development of missile defense capabilities by our regional partners.
This is why our collaborative missile defense efforts are so important. Together we can work to protect what we value and what our adversaries will seek to put at risk, both now and in the future. The combination of U.S-Israeli cooperation on BMD research and development, deployment of proven technologies and weapon systems such as the Arrow, and plans and operational experience through joint exercises and training, will go far in enhancing Israeli security and our mutual interests.
Let me conclude with a few thoughts.
First, missile defenses offer numerous advantages, including the opportunity to enhance the credibility of U.S. extended deterrence commitments for our allies and friends. Missile defenses also provide more options for the peaceful resolution of disputes.
Second, the new U.S. approach to missile defense outlined in the Ballistic Missile Defense Review is beneficial for Israel as well as our other regional allies, and builds on the strong foundation of U.S.-Israeli missile defense cooperation.
Finally, the United States remains committed to working closely with our friends, allies, and partners around the world, including Israel, to defend against the mutual threats we face, and we believe that our new approach allows us to more effectively accomplish this goal.
Thank you for the opportunity to speak to you today. I look forward to your questions. | aerospace |
https://sophiegersonhealthyyouth.org/sghy-will-include-space-science-education/ | 2023-12-09T17:23:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100942.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209170619-20231209200619-00548.warc.gz | 0.974682 | 320 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__283755390 | en | This year SGHY will include Space Science Education for classes in MS 302 and MS 126 to attend the New York City Center for Space Science Education (NYCCSSE) a science-rich educational experience operated by the Department of Education. Our students will utilize a NASA Aerospace Laboratory and Mission Control and Space Shuttle simulators as well as a robotics
Lab NYCCSSE provides students with hands-on science learning. Under the brilliant leadership of its Director, Katherine Brown and its talented and dedicated teaching staff NYCCSSE teaches math and science while inspiring boys and girls to dream about becoming scientists, mathematicians, engineers, pilots and astronauts. While serving on Community School Board 2, Sophie initiated what was to become this fabulous city-wide educational science facility.
I felt like I was really in space and working for NASA.
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I was a communications officer and we launched a probe to Halley’s Comet. I would love to become a communications officer when I grow up. It was very interesting.
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The special education teacher and I were working on the force and motion unit together. Likewise we were collaborating with the social studies teacher on his World War II unit. Our combined efforts lead us to focus on the paratroopers of D-Day. Your program at NYCCSSE took all these elements and made the forces of flight something that the students could relate to and feel successful about. Our principal loved how so many disciplines were tied together giving the students an in depth study that they will never forget.
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https://www.whistlerquestion.com/news/local-news/dave-brolin-remembered-in-whistler-1.961476 | 2020-04-05T10:34:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371576284.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405084121-20200405114121-00155.warc.gz | 0.99036 | 741 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__118891241 | en | Whistler's aviation and search and rescue community is reeling following the news that a helicopter accident near Cultus Lake in Chilliwack has claimed the life of a former Whistler resident and helicopter pilot.
Civilian RCMP pilot Dave Brolin, 46, was killed when the helicopter he was flying crashed during a training exercise Tuesday (Jan. 17). Details about the possible cause of the crash have not been released and the Transportation Safety Board is investigating.
Having joined the RCMP six years ago, Brolin spent his years before that living and working in Whistler as a pilot for Blackcomb Helicopters (now Blackcomb Aviation) and Whistler Search and Rescue (WSAR) before moving to the Lower Mainland for the RCMP.
"I first met Dave in 1997," said Brad Sills, of WSAR. "He was a very close associate to Whistler Search and Rescue and we are certainly going to miss him."
According to Sills, Brolin played a key role in numerous local SAR missions during his almost 10 years in Whistler.
"There were a lot of search and rescue missions with Dave. Much of the searching we do is in less than perfect conditions and he was always very steady, calm and collected," recalled Sills. "He was certainly a guy you wanted in charge when you met those conditions."
That calm demeanour was the result of a varied flying resume that included everything from flying for Helijet to working for heli-logging operations to flying for the U.S. military, as Brolin was a dual citizen. He also worked as a pilot for the film and TV industry, having contributed to productions such as Ski Bums and Snakes on a Plane.
"He flew in Desert Storm and after that, retired from the military," said Steve Flynn, Brolin's former boss at Blackcomb Helicopters. "In Whistler, he worked with all the local operators, avalanche control, he did everything. He was one of those pilots who had the experience and skill level to do everything that Blackcomb did. Not all pilots had that experience - Dave was one of the few that did."
But it's not just Brolin's skills that will be missed, friends and colleagues said.
"He was very outgoing, very friendly, engaging, loved people and just loved to have fun. He tried to turn everything into fun as much as he could," recalled Flynn. "He was very positive, very professional in his work and never turned down work whether it was on weekends or evenings - he was always there when needed."
Though Flynn had not worked with Brolin since he left Whistler, the two had kept in touch.
"We stayed in contact, we were close," said Flynn, noting that the last time he spoke with Brolin was a few months back. "The aviation community is small, we got along fantastic. We had a lot of respect for each other."
Steve Gray, the Whistler Base manager at Blackcomb Aviation, also has fond memories of the time he spent working with Brolin.
"It was a big loss for us when he left for the RCMP. He was a great leader, a good role model for younger pilots," said Gray.
"He saved many lives over the years on many search and rescue missions and medivacs."
Brolin leaves behind a wife and two children.
"The entire community of Whistler ski patrollers, avalanche technicians, heli-ski operators, search and rescue - everybody is definitely going to miss his presence," said Sills. | aerospace |
https://sdgm.co.id/2022/09/28/microsoft-flight-simulator-download-free/ | 2022-12-06T01:26:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711064.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205232822-20221206022822-00266.warc.gz | 0.914415 | 733 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__137983795 | en | Microsoft Flight Simulator PC Free Download Full Version – Gaming Beasts
Listed in this category are a selection of flight simulator packages and games that are free-to-download. Some are demos of fuller simulation packages, such as the Microsoft Flight Simulator X Demo or X-Plane, while others offer the entire package because they are open source such as FlightGear. All of the files here are free to download — no registration or subscription is required, however, some of the installation files are quite large so you may benefit from registering for a PRO account which offers uncapped download speed.
Plus, you’ll have full speed access to download any of the files in the library such as any aircraft, scenery and tools you may wish to install. This page is one of the most popular on the site because of its nature. The vast virtual environment of the game features 37, airports, 1. Mircosoft Flight Simulator features the vast simulated world that will be at your fingertips, ever-changing with a diverse array of traffic, real-weather environment, weather as well as animals.
The game features a vast array of aircraft to master in ranging from flying planes to commercial planes with the latest flight models. Each aircraft or plane featured in the game is well-crafted and detailed with the latest and realistic instrumentation and machinery. Besides, the new checklist system has also made part of the game from pro to beginner. Microsoft Flight Simulator Size: You need these programs for the game to run. Always disable your anti virus before extracting the game to prevent it from deleting the crack files.
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This game has no player ratings yet. More Reviews. Screenshots Click Screenshot to enlarge. FlightGear began as a freelance project by an independent developer named David Murr. It has since gone on to become a large open-source project put together by a great number of volunteers.
This flight simulator is freely available for Windows, Mac and Linux systems. Modders have produced over different kinds of aircraft that can be downloaded outside of the main package. They include a variety of commercial airplanes, biplanes, fighter jets, helicopters, and Zeppelin airships.
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https://www.basicwants.com/forum/general-discussion/fsx-a2a-wings-of-power-ii-messerschmitt-bf-109-version-download | 2023-12-06T21:44:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100603.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206194439-20231206224439-00712.warc.gz | 0.953486 | 1,297 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__9493824 | en | How to Download and Install FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109
If you are a fan of vintage and wartime aircraft, you might be interested in flying the legendary Messerschmitt BF-109 in Microsoft Flight Simulator X. The BF-109 was one of the most famous and widely produced fighters of World War II, serving as the backbone of the Luftwaffe. It was a fast, agile and powerful aircraft that could challenge any Allied fighter in the skies.
However, finding a good and realistic simulation of the BF-109 for FSX can be tricky. There are many add-ons available, but not all of them are accurate or compatible with the latest versions of FSX. That's why we recommend FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109, a high-quality add-on that recreates the BF-109 with stunning detail and authenticity.
FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109 is developed by A2A Simulations, a leader in high-end flight simulation software. They have used native FSX tools to export the aircraft model, ensuring compatibility with SP2 and Acceleration. They have also fixed various issues related to prop clipping, light bloom and minor bugs. The result is a smooth and immersive flying experience that will make you feel like you are piloting a real BF-109.
FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109 features accurate flight dynamics, engine performance, sounds and visuals. The cockpit is fully functional and interactive, with realistic gauges, switches and levers. The exterior model is beautifully rendered, with realistic textures, reflections and animations. You can choose from several variants and liveries of the BF-109, each with its own characteristics and history.
If you want to download and install FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109, you will need to purchase it from the official website of A2A Simulations[^3^] or from SimShack[^2^], a trusted online retailer of flight simulation products. The price is $9.99 for the FS2004 edition or $15.67 for the FSX edition. After you complete your purchase, you will receive a download link and a product key via email.
To install FSX A2A Wings of Power II Messerschmitt BF-109, you will need to run the installer file and follow the instructions on the screen. You will need to enter your product key when prompted. The installer will automatically detect your FSX folder and copy the necessary files there. After the installation is complete, you can launch FSX and select the BF-109 from the aircraft menu.
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The History of the BF-109
The BF-109 was designed in the mid-1930s as a response to a request from the Reich Air Ministry for a modern fighter aircraft that could compete with the latest designs from other countries. The BF-109 was one of the first fighters to use an all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and a retractable landing gear. It was also powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 engine that gave it excellent performance and speed.
The BF-109 first saw combat in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War, where it proved its superiority over the Soviet-supplied fighters of the Republican forces. It became the main fighter of the Luftwaffe during World War II, and fought on all fronts, from Europe to Africa to Russia. It was involved in some of the most famous air battles of the war, such as the Battle of Britain, the Battle of Stalingrad, and the Defense of the Reich.
The BF-109 was constantly upgraded and improved throughout the war, with new variants and modifications that increased its firepower, armor, range, and maneuverability. It was also adapted for different roles, such as bomber escort, fighter-bomber, night fighter, reconnaissance, and ground-attack. Some of the most notable variants were the BF-109E (Emil), which was used during the early stages of the war; the BF-109F (Friedrich), which had a more streamlined shape and improved handling; the BF-109G (Gustav), which had more powerful engines and armament; and the BF-109K (KurfÃrst), which was the final and most advanced version.
The Legacy of the BF-109
The BF-109 was one of the most successful and influential fighters of all time. It was credited with more aerial victories than any other aircraft in history, and was flown by some of the most famous and skilled aces of the war, such as Erich Hartmann, Hans-Joachim Marseille, Adolf Galland, Werner MÃlders, and GÃnther Rall. It also inspired many other aircraft designs, both during and after the war.
The BF-109 remained in service with several countries after World War II, such as Spain, Switzerland, Finland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Israel , and Egypt . Some of these countries produced their own versions or derivatives of the BF-109, such as the Avia S-199 and the Hispano AviaciÃn HA-1112. The last operational BF-109s were retired by Spain in 1965.
Today, the BF-109 is a highly sought-after aircraft by collectors and enthusiasts. Many surviving examples are preserved in museums or restored to flying condition by private owners. The BF-109 is also a popular subject for modelers , books , movies , and video games . The BF-109 is a symbol of German aviation history and a testament to its technical excellence and combat prowess. 061ffe29dd | aerospace |
http://bosmag.ru/vance%20afb%20enid%20%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%20%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81 | 2021-06-22T10:55:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488517048.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622093910-20210622123910-00634.warc.gz | 0.764095 | 2,273 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__124946814 | en | The official website of Vance Air Force Base. Skip to main content Press Enter. Toggle navigation. Vance Air Force Base. Vance Air Force Base Search. Search Vance Air Force Base: Search. Home News. Commentaries Archived News Photos About Us. Biographies Fact Sheets Units. 71st Operations Group 71st Medical Group. 24/03/41 · BREAKING AIRCRAFT ‘MISHAP’ AT VANCE AFB: Two aircraft are involved in what authorities are calling a “mishap” at Vance Air Force Base in Enid, Oklahoma. Here’s what we know at this. 492 jobs available in Vance AFB, OK on. Apply to Receptionist, Stocker, Delivery Driver and more!
Welcome to the Vance Air Force Base AFB Joint Land Use Study JLUS website. As this project evolves, this website will be your primary source for access to all materials related to the project. The menus at the top of the page provide access to the following information: Welcome. This will return you to this home screen. Project Overview. 19/12/39 · Category People & Blogs; Song I Bet My Life Lost Kings Remix Artist Imagine Dragons; Writers Daniel Platzman, Ben McKee, Dan Reynolds, Daniel Wayne Sermon. Air Force Medical Service, AFMS, Trusted Care Anywhere.
19 vance afb jobs available. See salaries, compare reviews, easily apply, and get hired. New vance afb careers are added daily on. The low-stress way to find your next vance afb job opportunity is on SimplyHired. There are over 19 vance afb careers waiting for you to apply! PILOT EJECTS: A pilot ejected from a military aircraft from Vance Air Force Base moments before it crashed in Oklahoma, with aerial footage showing the plane completely destroyed but the. 24/03/41 · The two T-38 Talons, each carrying two crew members, were being flown in a routine training mission at Vance Air Force Base in Enid when the accident occurred about 9 a.m., according to the Air. Enid, OK 73705. COMM phone number for Vance AFB Installation Address. 580-213-5000. COMM phone number for Vance AFB Installation Address. 580-213-7204. Dining: There are no dining facilities located on Vance AFB. Newcomers should plan their arrivals accordingly. Show more. Looking to learn more about Vance AFB? View the in-depth overview. ENID, Okla. KFOR – Two airmen are dead after an accident during a routine landing at Vance Air Force Base, Thursday morning. Investigators are preserving the scene as much as they can, closing.
07/03/41 · Vance AFB, OK 73705 United States. Store Information & Holiday Hours. Special Hours. Vietnam War Memorial Event-Sunday, March 29, 2020 at 1230 at your Vance Commissary. Weather Underground provides Enid/Vance AFB weather radar information, Doppler detected storms and radar maps for all U.S. locations using Nexrad and TDWR radar stations.
25/03/41 · The Air Force identified the two pilots killed Nov. 21 in a mishap at Vance Air Force Base. Lt. Col. John “Matt” Kincade, 47, an instructor pilot assigned to the 5th Flying Training Squadron. VANCE AIR FORCE BASE, Okla. — Flight operations are scheduled to resume at Vance Air Force Base after they temporarily were halted in the wake of a fatal training mishap on Thursday, Nov. 21, 2019. Area Events Annual Corvette Expo, Annual Campout Rally, Enid's Home Show, Tri State Music Festival, Help Whip Cancer, Enid Shrine Poker Run, Leonardo's Hometown Celebration, Running of the Rats, Garfield County Fair, Cherokee Strip Days Celebration, The Springs Music Festival, Annual Black Indian Pow Wow, and Enid Food and Wine Festival. Vance AFB is located in Enid, Oklahoma, approximately 65 miles from Oklahoma City. The host unit on base is the 71st Flying Training Wing of the Air Education and Training Command. The 71st is responsible for training Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps pilots and preparing them for deployments.
Vance AFB Major Pleads Guilty to Kickbacks Involving Compounding Pharmacies. OKLAHOMA CITY – ROMEATRIUS MOSS, 39, a nurse and Air Force Major stationed at Vance Air Force Base in Enid, has pleaded guilty to criminal health care fraud in which she accepted kickbacks for referring TRICARE beneficiaries to pharmacies furnishing compounded drugs.
Vance Air Force Base is home to the 71st Flying Training Wing. The mission of the 71st Flying Training Wing is to produce military pilots, build Air Force leaders and meet taskings in support of. San Francisco Weather Radar NEXRAD Station MUX. Weather Underground provides weather reports, maps & radar reports for locations worldwide. Vance Family Housing, military assisted housing, located at Vance Air Force Base in Enid, Oklahoma is your real estate choice for military family privatized housing. Two pilots are confirmed dead in the crash of two USAF T-38 Talon II advanced jet trainers at Vance AFB in Oklahoma. A photo posted on the Enid News & Eagle website showed. Vance Air Force Base.
Vance Air Force Base IATA code: END is a military training base situated 84mi 135km from Oklahoma city, US. It is the second radar approach control RAPCON facility in the US. The base is owned by the US Air Force USAF and operated by Air Education and Training Command AETC. History of the. Vance Air Force Base, OK Radar Go to: Standard Version Local weather forecast by "City, St" Radar Status Message: Base Reflectivity: NWS Oklahoma City, OK- - - Topo Radar Counties Rivers Highways Cities Warnings Legend. Range and Bearing Information left click.
29/03/41 · ENID, Okla. — Vance Air Force Base in northwestern Oklahoma has resumed some flight operations following the training jet crash that killed two airmen. The Enid News & Eagle reports aircraft. 27/10/37 · 2 reviews of Vance AFB Cherokee Inn Lodging "Surprisingly impressive rooms and facilities! Came here for a two night stay and was taken away a little. Friendly staff, clean quit comfortable and functional room reasonably priced. I got a queen. Vance Air Force Base is located in Enid, is roughly 85 miles north of Oklahoma City. All flights at the base were shut down and planes likely will remain grounded Friday, Simmons said.
24/03/41 · ENID, Okla. KFOR - Two airmen were killed after an accident on Vance Air Force Base around 9:10 a.m. Thursday. Two Air Force T-38 Talons had a mishap during a routine training mission.
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https://flygyrocopter.co.uk/about-us/ | 2024-04-20T00:09:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817463.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419234422-20240420024422-00399.warc.gz | 0.950122 | 429 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__3773163 | en | Gyroplanes and helicopters have always fascinated me since I was a child. I always remember dreaming as a child about flying one of these aircraft when I was older and I’m extremely lucky and fortunate to have been able to make good on my childhood wish.
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Fast forward some 30 years and I found myself qualifying as a Flight Instructor for Gyroplanes and a private pilot for helicopters having been lucky enough to purchase myself a share in a Robinson 44 Helicopter.
In one form or another I’ve been involved in training and instructing of students from Air Traffic Control through Microsoft IT Security and onwards through to Flight Instructor. I have an immense passion for sharing information and seeing students go from zero experience through to gaining their Gyroplane private pilot wings.
I look forward to flying with you, sharing and imparting the same passion that I have about flying to you.
About Gyrocopter Experience
The Gyrocopter Experience is an international network of Gyroplane instructional centres that follow an international syllabus (I.A.P.G.T) which is aligned with the Civil Aviation Authority in the UK for UK students.
All our instructors follow a standard online syllabus used for training, assessment, ground schooling, and examinations. The training content and methodology are continually reviewed and updated by all the instructors within the group using peer review methodology.
This guarantees that all instructors using the material are always up today with the latest techniques and tools to provide you with the best instruction possible in the UK. | aerospace |
http://www.x-cto.cn/n-korea-carries-out-tests-for-missiles/ | 2019-10-14T22:55:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986655554.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014223147-20191015010647-00550.warc.gz | 0.961668 | 440 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__180127359 | en | North Korea has conducted motor tests to improve its long-range missiles after a failed launch in April, a US think tank said Monday after reviewing new satellite images.
Since the embarrassing flop in April, the communist regime appears to have carried out at least two tests of large motors needed for rockets and worked on a launch platform, the US-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University said.
The institute examined commercial images of the Sohae satellite launch station between April and September and found that 34 fuel tanks had been moved and vegetation appeared to be burned, next to a flame trench stained with an orange residue.
Such fuel tests would boost development of engines for the Unha-3, the rocket which North Korea unsuccessfully launched in April, or what seemed to be a new, longer-range missile displayed at a military parade the same month.
Some analysts believe that a North Korean rocket, if successfully developed, could eventually reach the range to hit the United States.
Nick Hansen, an expert on imagery analysis, said that North Korea may step up action after elections in both the United States and South Korea, the regime’s two primary foes.
“In the aftermath of the US and South Korean presidential elections, Pyongyang may embark on a new round of activities in the first half of 2013, including rocket and nuclear tests that will contribute to further development of its nuclear deterrent,” he wrote on the institute’s blog, 38 North.
South Korea’s defense minister, Kim Kwan-Jin, said last week that North Korea had completed preparations for another nuclear test and long-range missile launches.
However, 38 North in September reported a work stoppage at a new launch pad for intercontinental missiles — possibly due to rain — that could set the project back by up to two years.
North Korea defiantly went ahead with the rocket launch in April, saying it was trying to put a satellite in orbit, but it disintegrated just two to three minutes after blast-off.
The test put a halt to the latest international effort to engage the isolated state, with the United States calling off plans to deliver badly needed food assistance. | aerospace |
https://www.100archive.com/projects/space-exploration-stamp-series | 2024-04-12T14:16:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816024.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412132154-20240412162154-00395.warc.gz | 0.923412 | 184 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__51598545 | en | An Post commissioned us to design a series of stamps on the theme of Space Exploration to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1969 moon landing and also to celebrate astronauts with Irish ancestry. The challenge was to communicate multiple messages holistically in a relatively small space. We used a blend of colour and pattern to unify the series and depicted the space crafts directly associated with each astronaut as a way of personalising each stamp, which tells more of a story over a simple portraiture approach; Armstrong piloted lunar lander while Collins orbited in the capsule in 1969. Where the 90s saw Eileen Collins and Cady Coleman in Space Shuttles Discovery and Columbia respectively — Collins having the distinction of being the Shuttle’s first female pilot and Cady also served on the International Space Station which features on her stamp. Alongside the 4 stamps, we designed the first day cover, miniature sheets and cancellation stamp. | aerospace |
https://www.therichest.com/gadgets-and-tech/nasa-insight-lander-selfie-mars/ | 2019-07-23T01:09:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195528635.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20190723002417-20190723024417-00250.warc.gz | 0.963482 | 470 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__162534034 | en | NASA’s InSight successfully takes its first-ever selfie!
Welcome to the online world, InSight! NASA’s most recent mission was a massive success when InSight landed on Nov. 26, 2018. Since InSight’s successful landing, it has been keeping itself quite busy by snapping as many shots of the Martian landscape as possible, including a pic of itself!
Although no selfie stick was included in the creation of this heavy duty space tech, it was still capable of getting quite a lot of shots of itself, which were all revealed on Dec. 11, 2018. The InSight took exactly 11 stellar images of itself using the Instrumental Deployment Camera (IDC), which is attached to its robotic arm, according to CNet. NASA went ahead and combined all 11 photos, similar to the time the Mars Rover did, allowing us to get a glimpse of the spacecraft resting on the main surface.
It appears the lander has already mastered the art of taking the perfect selfie too! With a great high angle, excellent lighting, and all the right positions, we can definitely learn a thing or two when it comes to InSights camera skills, that’s for sure! Another image was taken by the lander, this time, the photo is of the area that the space lander will remain for its duration on Mars, known as the « crescent of terrain » says NASA.
This image was actually created using a series of 52 prior images the lander took, displaying the countless rocks, holes, and bumps the planet has. Although this is by no means a groundbreaking discovery, NASA believes this is a great start to the InSight mission, and how such shots allow for them to know that the location is safe.
All while a safe environment is important, this now makes it clear for the lander to begin its work! According to NASA, the InSight’s heat-probe is expected to drill nearly five-meter deeps in Mars’ surface, in order to measure the planet's temperature at that location. Although the exact mission is still weeks away from starting, it’s great news to be receiving photos and countless information from InSight, allowing the mission to go off without a hitch! | aerospace |
https://geek-network.com/rabbids-are-headed-to-mars-in-new-netflix-film-rabbids-invasion-mission-to-mars/ | 2023-02-02T20:44:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500041.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202200542-20230202230542-00804.warc.gz | 0.958759 | 338 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__229712745 | en | Rabbids Are Headed to Mars in New Netflix Film RABBIDS INVASION MISSION TO MARS
Ubisoft and Netflix are teaming up to send the Rabbids franchise into space as they embark on a space adventure in the trailer for the new Netflix original film, Rabbids Invasion Mission to Mars. The cute, but destructive bunnies will be going off-world in the new animated film next month and will star Beardie, a Rabbid with genius intellect that dreams of traveling to space, specifically Mars.
With his smarts, he is able to get a spot on a mission to Mars, but as is the case in any good animated film, his not so genius Rabbids have tagged along and amongst it all, a plot has caused the mission to go wrong and with the Rabbids seemingly stranded on Mars, Beardie will have his smarts, fellow Rabbids and maybe some extraterrestrial intelligence at his disposal to try and save the mission.
The official synopsis:
“When Nebulous Industries announces they are recruiting Rabbids for a mission to Mars, Beardie doesn’t think twice. As a genius Rabbid misunderstood by his stupid peers, he has always dreamed of going to the red planet. After successfully passing the tests, he takes off with three other Rabbids: Disco, the lively queen of the dancefloor, Cosmo, the pilot with self-confidence issues, and Mini, the adorable tiny Rabbid who HATES being mistaken for a kid.”
Rabbids Invasion: Mission to Mars will arrive on Netflix on February 18th. Check out the trailer below: | aerospace |
https://euraknot.org/2007/06/18/rules-of-engagement/ | 2023-11-30T11:38:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100184.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130094531-20231130124531-00095.warc.gz | 0.960199 | 798 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__294920489 | en | A new section has been introduced to the Russian anti-terrorism law. The long winded titled “The Use of Weapons and Military Technology by the Russian Armed Forces to Eliminate the Threat of Terrorist Acts in the Air or to Thwart Such an Attack” details how Russian security forces are to engage terrorists employing passenger airplanes as possible weapons. The revised section is part of the Russian “Combating Terrorism” law that the Duma adopted in March 2006. However what perks the ears of many is not the forgotten law as a whole but what the new sections say about hostages caught in the middle. According to Kommersant:
[T]he decree concerning the use of armed force “to eliminate threats of terrorist acts in the air” suggests that antiaircraft defense forces should attempt to influence an aircraft that is in violation of airspace rules using radio commands from the ground to before trying to knock the aircraft off course. If the radio commands don’t work, fighter jets will be deployed to intercept the plane. Before firing warning shots, they will first give the plane “visual signals” that it must land immediately. If the plane fails to respond to all of these signals, the military has the right to take measures to “intercept its flight by means of destruction.” Thus, passengers on a hijacked plane will have half an hour to two hours, depending on the efficiency of the military, to come to grips with their inevitable doom as a result of a successful counter-terrorism operation.
Those who are flying in a plane that is hijacked far from large cities and strategic objectives are the only ones who have additional chances at survival. The decree forbids the military from shooting down a plane “if there is no real threat to people’s lives and/or of an ecological catastrophe.” So a plane flying from, let’s say, Moscow to Thailand, over the vast unpopulated expanse of Siberia, should have nothing to worry about. But this ban is effectively annulled by a provision that “if there is credible information about the possibility of the airplane being used to commit a terrorist act,” the plane can be destroyed without warning. Considering that such credible information, according to the decree, “is defined by officials according to the procedure set down by theand the ,” it can be assumed that the plane will inevitably be shot down, even if its pilot swears that it has drifted off course due to instrument failure.
That is not all. In the resolution’s third provision which regulates “the use of weapons, military technology, and special devices by the Russian armed forces during counterterrorism operations,” speaks directly to anti-terrorist operations in places like Chechnya and Dagestan. Even though we are told that the situation in those regions are under control, nevertheless, Russian forces can use heavy military weapons
to defend civilians and free hostages, to repel an attack on a secured facility, to stop a vehicle or vessel “if its driver refuses to stop despite orders from military personnel,” to give “warning of the intent to use weapons, give a signal, or call for help,” and finally to detain persons who were involved in terrorist activities and are attempting to hide themselves. Special devices cannot be used “near visibly pregnant women, persons with obvious signs of disability, and children,” except in situations in which “such persons are putting up armed resistance or carrying out an attack that threatens the lives and wellbeing of others.”
Though Kommersant states that these provisions have produced an outcry among some, apparently these are already the rules of engagement for military. Their adoption by the Duma would only make military engagement consistent with Federal law.
Given Russian security forces “success” in rescuing hostages, I fail to see how these provisions will bring anyone any comfort. | aerospace |
http://www.thefourpointplay.blog/cosmic-2-soars-in-to-action-for-improved-weather-forecasting/ | 2020-04-01T11:54:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505730.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401100029-20200401130029-00316.warc.gz | 0.912886 | 341 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__236219799 | en | Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), the Taiwan National Space Organization, NASA, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and others have come together to launch a space mission that will change the future of weather forecasting on the planet.
The mission, COSMIC- 2 launched, from Florida. COSMIC- 2 comprises 6 satellites built to enhance space weather study and forecasting was launched into space on aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket departing from Cape Canaveral in Florida, USA. Australia’s BOM, will play an instrumental role in the mission, working from their ground station in Middle Point, Northern Territory.
The satellites will capture and record data that will help the BOM in forecasting storms in warm, tropical areas near the equator, as they are the source for weather and climate services. The BOM has an establishment of a large network of ground stations that will coordinate signals with the satellites.
“This enables us to make a valuable contribution to international space missions, such as COSMIC-2. In the case of COSMIC-2 we will be sending commands to the satellites as well as downlinking real-time data,” said Dr. Anthony Rea, Chief Data Officer, BOM.
The original mission to improve weather forecast systems began more than a decade ago, in 2006. The new COSMIC- 2 is advanced in design and scope. With this, the satellites will orbit the planet close to the equator, measuring tropics and substropics also studying the ionosphere for solar storm effects. COSMIC- 2 will use radio occultation techniques to gather signals from the Global Navigation Satellite system. | aerospace |
https://queenstown.to-auckland.com/direct-flights/en/ | 2023-10-03T17:17:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511170.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003160453-20231003190453-00504.warc.gz | 0.836528 | 242 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__228871926 | en | Find the best hidden options to fly.
Only the best airlines flying directly to Auckland.
Get direct (non-stop) flight ticket from $100.
What is the cheapest ticket price to Auckland from Queenstown?
The cheapest non stop flight cost nearly $100.
Do I need to change currency before flying to Auckland?
No, you don't need to change currency. You can use NZD in Auckland.
Will I arrive to Auckland Airport in Auckland?
Yes, flying from Queenstown you can arrive only to Auckland Airport
How many airports I can fly from Queenstown to Auckland?
The only airport you can fly nonstop from Queenstown to Auckland is Queenstown Airport
How long does it take to fly nonstop from Queenstown to Auckland?
Usually it takes 1 hours and 40 minutes to get to Auckland.
What airlines flying nonstop to Auckland?
There are 15 airlines flying this direction: Virgin Atlantic, United Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Qantas, Air New Zealand, LATAM Chile, Jetstar, Etihad Airways, Emirates, Air China, EVA Air, Air Canada, American Airlines, All Nippon Airways. | aerospace |
http://brisbane.comms-connect.com.au/david-abel/ | 2018-08-19T09:52:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215075.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819090604-20180819110604-00263.warc.gz | 0.966722 | 249 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__128629366 | en | Business Development Consultant
David Abel is a member of the business development team within Harris’ Electronic Systems division. Electronic Systems provides technology supporting mission critical communications for defence, aviation, public safety, minerals & energy, utilities and maritime environments, as well as high-value engineering services. David joined the team in late 2016 having moved across from Harris’ Communications Systems division based in Brisbane. In this role he was responsible for developing and executing business development across the Australian Defence sector as well as areas of Public Safety. Previously, he served as senior program manager responsible for all Australian programs within the Communication Systems portfolio. Prior to joining Harris, David had worked at Motorola Solutions, based in Melbourne as Project Director for public safety radio.
David has held a number of senior positions in engineering and program management, including Elbit Systems and Lockheed Martin Stasys. Whilst at Stasys he spent his time developing tools and processes to assess and improve datalink interoperability. David studied Electronic Engineering at Portsmouth University in the UK, he also completed a number of post graduate courses in RF Engineering whilst working for the UK Royal Aircraft Establishment (later part of QinetiQ) as a radio propagation engineer.
Integrated operations using smart, connected networks | aerospace |
http://bestjobsmagazine.com/what-are-the-highest-paying-aviation-jobs/ | 2015-01-27T08:17:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862141.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00232-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.949856 | 101 | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__96645401 | en | Question by skyhawk: what are the highest paying aviation jobs?
i’m in the 9th grade and i am thinking about getting a job in aviation. I want a good paying job that i am interested in.
Answer by Jonas
747 pilot. thats the highest. a380 pilots will get paid the most soon. my dad is a 777 pilot, he gets $ 150,000 a year. air traffic controllers get paid well too.
What do you think? Answer below! | aerospace |
http://balticguide.ee/en/mr-tero-taskila-high-flying-goals-for-estonian-air/ | 2018-07-19T03:59:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590493.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719031742-20180719051742-00311.warc.gz | 0.959659 | 815 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__1448477 | en | Mr Tero Taskila – high flying goals for Estonian Air
According to Taskila, the overall goal of the company is to provide opportunities for economic growth in Estonia through better global access. Taskila and his crew have a clear vision and the ambition to get there.
What are the specifics of this new model?
The new business model is based on customer connectivity. It has changed the way operations are run at Tallinn airport. Before, we had flights scattered during the day, now the focus is on getting all the aircraft arriving in Tallinn at the same time and departing at similar times to optimize the connectivity. This has meant that all the suppliers have been refining their processes so they have adequate staffing during the peak hours.
The new model was launched in late March. What was the outcome?
The first eight weeks shows that we made the right choice with the business model. Customers appreciate the new flight options and this can be seen from our passenger growth. Passenger numbers nearly doubled in April and this growth has continued into May.
Does this also imply transit passengers?
What has been surprising is that the transfer passengers are growing much faster than expected.
What are the challenges?
There are operational challenges. The routines have to be adjusted to handle the new schedule and aircraft. During the winter we held a massive training program for pilots and technical personnel, to make the switch from 17 years of Boeing 737 qualification to Canadair 900 and Embraer 170.
What about safety issues?
As we do not compromise with safety issues, the pilots and ground personnel need more time for checks before the flight, mechanics need more time in troubleshooting on the new planes, but this is the only way we can get the routine in place.
Has everything been running according to routines and plans?
We are victims of our small size. Our profitability hinges on the efficiency of the aircraft. The new aircrafts are all well equipped to provide us that; but at the same time they are not immune. Since safety is our leading concern and we only have seven jets, you can quickly calculate that 15% of our capacity is grounded if one plane has to be over hauled unexpectedly.
How is Estonian Air’s on time performance?
All in all, we are performing on the level of the industry average, considering the statistical challenge of one delay causing more impact to smaller airlines than bigger. We are not pleased with the present situation. Every delay costs the business directly and indirectly which means inconveniences for passengers.
What actions have been taken to tackle delays and other issues connected with fast growth?
We have made some adjustments to the timetables to allow more time to catch up with delays. We have more frequent operations meetings with internal key players as well as sub-contractors, such as the airport, catering, border control, and air traffic control. In addition we have wet-leased one turbo propeller aircraft to support feeder traffic and at the same time have trained our pilots for the new aircraft type.
ESTONIAN AIR AT-A-GLANCE
Estonian Air, Estonia’s national carrier, is the biggest operator at Tallinn Airport.
* Estonian Air focuses on improving the connection between Estonia and the rest of the world, with the aim of increasing competitiveness as a network carrier hub.
* Estonian Air flies to 24 destinations in Western Europe, Scandinavia, and CIS. Recently the following destinations were added: Helsinki, Riga, Jyväskylä, Hannover, Vienna, Venice, Joensuu, Kajaani, and Tbilisi.
* In the first quarter of 2012, Estonian Air carried 224,826 passengers altogether, which is 33.3% more than during the
same period last year.
* The bulk of the fleet consists of fuel efficient and environmental friendly Embraer 170 and Canadair medium range aircraft.
TEXT: TOOMAS KÄBIN, PHOTOS: ESTONIAN AIR | aerospace |
https://gilaherald.com/local-student-athlete-kelly-motes-graduates-from-the-united-%E2%80%A8states-air-force-academy/ | 2024-04-13T19:35:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00696.warc.gz | 0.963371 | 189 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__200810700 | en | Contributed Photo: Former Thatcher Eagle Kelly Motes has graduated from the United States Air Force Academy and has received a pilot slot.
Former Thatcher Eagle flying high
THATCHER – Kelly Motes a 2016 Thatcher High School graduate has completed her studies at the United States Air Force Academy. She has received a Bachelor of Science degree in Geospatial Science while competing at the Division I Level for the Air Force Volleyball team. Kelly has been commissioned a Second Lieutenant and has received a pilot slot.
While competing in Athletics she received the 2018 Iron Bolt Award and the prestigious Air Force Academy Volleyball Amy Svoboda Memorial Award. This award is given to the player that best exemplifies effort, enthusiasm, and team-first attitude.
As a cadet, her military leadership positions included Wing Athletics NCO/Covid Wing Athletics Officer, Squadron Director of Operations, and Wing Plans and Programs Officer. | aerospace |
https://tw3marketing.com/2021/11/08/michael-collins-is-the-forgotten-astronaut-of-apollo-11-he-was-perfectly-fine-with-that/ | 2023-09-25T07:40:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506686.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925051501-20230925081501-00245.warc.gz | 0.964865 | 180 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__43819123 | en | On July 20, 1969, at 1:46 p.m., Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin separated the Eagle landing craft from the Apollo 11 command module. Michael Collins stayed behind, firing the rockets, moving about two miles away from his colleagues—and 250,000 miles from humanity on earth. He was absolutely and completely alone.
“Keep talking to me, guys,” Collins radioed to the men as he watched their landing craft get smaller and smaller.
At 3:08 p.m., Armstrong and Aldrin, flying feet first, fired the module’s descent engine for the first time, preparing to land on the moon. Collins watched as they made their way down to the chalky, grey surface. He radioed to Mission Control the first report of the descent, saying, “Everything’s going just swimmingly. Beautiful!” | aerospace |
https://content.ctpublic.org/cpbn-celebrates-pratt-whitneys-90th-anniversary/ | 2023-06-08T12:19:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654871.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230608103815-20230608133815-00406.warc.gz | 0.931054 | 227 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__93402833 | en | Over 500 guests gathered at the Connecticut Convention Center on Friday, October 16, 2015 to honor Pratt & Whitney’s 90th Anniversary at a celebration hosted by the Connecticut Public. Attendees included Honorary Chairs Governor Dannel P. Malloy and First Lady Cathy Malloy, Airbus Americas President Barry Eccleston, and Pratt & Whitney’s Vice President of Engineering Thomas Prete. Guests were also given a preview of the upcoming CPBN documentary, Keys to the Sky, a program that explores how Frederick Rentschler and the people of Pratt & Whitney helped to create the modern aviation industry while building the best aircraft engines in the world.
Proceeds from the Pratt & Whitney 90th Celebration gala will benefit the third season of Made in Connecticut, another CPTV original documentary that explores modern manufacturing and the role of innovation in companies located and thriving right here in Connecticut.
For more photos from Pratt & Whitney’s 90th Anniversary Celebration, please click here.
Tune in on Thursday, October 29 at 8 p.m. for the premiere of Keys to the Sky on CPTV. | aerospace |
https://www.jetstreaker.com/learning-the-secrets-about-16/ | 2021-04-14T17:07:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038077843.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210414155517-20210414185517-00084.warc.gz | 0.966009 | 568 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__235813447 | en | Reasons for Owning an Aircraft
Aircraft ownership is still popular even when there are alternatives like jet charter, fractional ownership, and jet cards. Some people say they want to fly with the same aircraft for a long time. Some people say that they also want the same people as their flight crews and maintenance mechanics for their aircraft. Another factor is you flights are more economical.
When you have a personal aircraft the hangar fees, insurance, property taxes, interest, maintenance, and crew expenses are the same all throughout. Yearly flight fees would demonstrate that these are the same regardless of the duration of those air times. Fees that involved fuel consumption and extra flight time maintenance are what changes most of the time. Personal aircraft flights are still cheaper than the expenses incurred with a chartered aircraft flight.
You will see how cost-effective personal aircraft flights are since overhead expenses are balanced out by your savings for each travel. There is no suggested maximum number of flights before you can feel its cost-effectiveness. Flying more times with a personal aircraft is the best decision to be more economical with travel.
It is important for companies to know what you expect from an aircraft when you travel. Companies want to know your preferences in an aircraft’s passenger capacity, destination, number of flight hours, cabin size, and luggage capacity are. Destinations will then dictate the aircraft’s routes, costs, and flight times, and you have to share those with the company. After those are discussed, companies will identify aircraft that will fit those needs. Each aircraft’s approximate operating and capital budget is then offered to you. Categorizations like heavy, midsize, and light are assigned for aircraft. If what you want is outside those categories there are other options that can offer what you need.
If you have decided on a particular plane model then it is time to check if it is up for sale. An aircraft’s latest closed sale and current listings will be the basis for the purchase price. You can negotiate for the best price in the market with the right timing.
If you have your aircraft already then a management company can help you in placing it on charter certificate. A charter certificate helps in mitigating your operational cost. Your aircraft will be up for those chartered flights as posted management companies. With a few chartered flights each year the profit can cover the ownership cost.
If you are looking for a company that can help you get your personal aircraft, then VREF aircraft valuation reference is here for you. They know how to get the best plane deals in the market, so vref aircraft services is really reliable. In this site, they can offer more information to communicate with them as soon as possible. With it becoming more popular, go to VREF aircraft value reference right away. | aerospace |
http://live.cebupacificair.com/ | 2016-04-30T08:58:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860111809.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161511-00097-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.888083 | 336 | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-18__0__18145057 | en | A Hundred Lucky Juans Return Home!
Oct 8, 2013 - 11:43 AM MPSTOne hundred Uwinners from our recently-concluded Facebook contest, 100 Lucky Juans, are coming home today via our Dubai-Manila A330 flight! Join us as we celebrate their homecoming with their friends and relatives at Resorts World Manila! #100luckyjuans
Cebu Pacific's Maiden Flight to Dubai
Oct 7, 2013It's official - we're starting our very first long-haul flight today! Watch as we send off our Airbus A330 from Manila to Dubai, our first long-haul destination.
Inauguration of Cebu Pacific's Airbus A330
Sep 12, 2013 - 4:03 PM MPSTCebu Pacific's Airbus A330 to be officially inaugurated by the Vice-President of the Philippines, Hon. Jejomar C. Binay at the Balagbag Airport, Manila on the 12th of September, 2013.
Juans to be the 80 Millionth Passenger?
Aug 7, 2013We're about to hit our 80 millionth passenger mark any moment now! Do you know who our 80 millionth passenger will be? Join us and find out in this day of festivities!
Delivery of Cebu Pacific's first A330 in Toulouse
Jun 14, 2013It's finally here - our very first Airbus A330! Experience this brand-new aircraft when you fly on select flights to Singapore and Incheon!
The delivery ceremonies will be held in the Airbus Factory in Toulouse, France this June 13, 2013. Witness the event unfold! | aerospace |
http://la-forge.info/ | 2016-07-26T19:45:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257825124.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071025-00229-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.963124 | 538 | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-30__0__60548417 | en | Nowadays, drones are not considered only as remotely operated aircrafts but they are much more than that. Drones are used for different purposes and tasks in different fields. Military personnel use drones to target any specific location and to capture images of areas that are affected by manmade or natural threats or disasters. Businesses also make use of drones to promote and advertise their business. Drones are also used in agricultural field to protect the farms and to scare the birds so that they will not destroy the fields. There are many uses of drones. You can find information about drones at Rotorcopters.
Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles that are remotely controlled either by pilots or by computers. Drones are gaining popularity these days because of their advanced features, technology and different uses. Drones are nowadays widely used for civilian operations like rescue and search, weather analysis, etc. They are widely known for their stealth and precision features. They are also used for preventing major terrorist attacks.
Drones are designed with latest technology and they are light in weight. They can fly at a high altitude. They have features like camera, GPS, wireless connectivity, etc. Batteries used in drones usually have high power and expandable life. Drones with cameras are used by media professionals and military personnel.
Use of drones in film industry
The movies that are produced these days are way more better than those produced earlier. It is due to the fact that now the film industry is making use of the drones to capture the shots from all angles. This allows the viewers to see the unexpected views in the movie. In addition, several media professionals also use it to cover the accidents, celebrity visits and other cases that cannot be covered manually.
Helpful in rescue operations
Drones are used for rescue operations also. They are helpful in saving the lives of people. When there is any type of disaster or calamity in any area, the rescue teams use drones to search people and to provide food to the victims. The camera of drone captures the images of these areas and also allows you to see live video streaming of the area of operation. You can control the movement of drone camera by remote and you can easily find the people who get affected by the natural disaster with the help of drone camera.
Drones are used for security purposes also. They observe public behavior and traffic. They are used for finding and attacking the suspicious targets. Drones are used for checking dangerous devices on landing areas and roads. Drones can also check bombs. They provide tactical and intelligence support.
Modifications and developments are constantly done to add more features to the drones to make them more advanced and usable. | aerospace |
https://www.desktodirtbag.com/kennedy-space-center-florida/ | 2022-01-23T00:30:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303917.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220122224904-20220123014904-00544.warc.gz | 0.950686 | 1,402 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__157944610 | en | If you are traveling to Florida, I would highly recommend that you visit the Kennedy Space Center Tourist Complex, where you can get an up close and personal appreciation for the history of human spaceflight.
The Kennedy Space Center is one of ten NASA field centers, but since 1968, the Kennedy Space Center has been the primary launch center for human spaceflight, and is where they launched operations for Apollo, Skylab, and the Space Shuttle programs.
Where is the Kennedy Space Center?
The Kennedy Space Center is located directly due east of Orlando, located on the Atlantic Coast about halfway between Miami and Jacksonville.
It is only a short one-hour or so drive from Orlando to the Kennedy Space Center and makes a perfect addition if you’ll be visiting Orlando for a Florida family vacation.
We drove up from Miami that morning — about a 3-4 hour drive — visited the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, stuck around for the rocket launch (which was late due to delays), and then drove to Orlando where we had an Airbnb. It was a big, but doable day.
Kennedy Space Center Map
Visit the Kennedy Space Center
The Kennedy Space Center itself is a fun and educational visit. Personally, I’ve always been fascinated by the stars and space. I remember one of my favorite university science classes (and I didn’t like science classes) was an amazing astronomy class.
It was might impressive to see these big, towering rockets in person. You can walk among the rocket gardens, learn about the moon landings and the Apollo program.
But the coolest part, I think, might be the Space Shuttle Atlantis exhibit.
They have a great video that explains the history of the shuttle program, and then all of a sudden the movie screen lifts up and you’re staring at the real life version through a transparent screen.
That screen lifts up and then you can walk right up the shuttle and take in the size of it.
Quite a bit bigger than those little Space Shuttle toys I played with as a kid…
They’ve got a cool shuttle launch experience ride so you can strap in, tilt up vertical and then feel the g-force of a launch.
Kennedy Space Center was unexpectedly fun and educational. Even Andrea’s 10-year-old nephew got really into it, despite the fact that it’s more educational in nature, rather than filled with theme park rides and attractions like over in Orlando.
See a Rocket Launch
The highlight of our visit to the Kennedy Space Center for sure had to be going to the launch viewing area for Atlas V rocket later that evening.
We boarded buses at the Kennedy Space Center and were driven off to the Apollo / Saturn V Center for the launch viewing.
There were hours to kill before the launch, but we wandered around the indoor exhibits, and stood beneath the absolutely massive Saturn V rocket — the world’s largest — which stretch the length of the building.
It was already dark and getting late, so we grabbed dinner inside the food court.
Outside there are a series of bleachers and we managed to find a space for all of us along the bleachers with a view to the launch pad a few miles away, across Banana Creek.
When I was younger I frequently shot off model rockets, most of them were little ones that I could launch in the yard or at a school football field with friends, but I also made the trek out to Monroe, Washington or down to Bend, Oregon where they could let the “big ones” fly. Of course, big ones for us meant like the size of a person — not a few hundred feet tall like the one we were about to see…
Or would we?
They pushed back the launch because of weather. To us it appeared to be completely calm and perfect, but even the most minor disturbance can have major consequence for launching a rocket of this size and they have to make sure conditions are perfect.
Meanwhile, we were worried it might get canceled completely.
One hour ticked into two and still nothing… But then the time came, the countdown began, and the bright light from the rocket light up the sky, shortly thereafter followed by the roar of the engine, as it slowly lifted off the platform.
It began picking up speed slowly as it arced up and out across the Atlantic Ocean.
Sadly, I failed to take any decent photos of the launch — they were all overexposed since I hadn’t anticipated just how intensely bright it would be. The night sky turned almost like day.
An unforgettable and special experience that just happened to coincide with the dates of our trip. It’s a must do if there is a rocket launch during your visit.
Click here to check out the Kennedy Space Center launch schedule to see if the planned dates coincide with your visit — of if you’ve got some flexibility, I’d recommend trying to plan a trip that will coincide. It’s truly a once-in-a-lifetime experience and something so incredible to see in person.
Plan a Trip to the Kennedy Space Center
Kennedy Space Center tickets can be purchased online from their website.
Kennedy Space Center hours feature different closing times depending on the season, but the center opens at 9am every day of the year. If you’re visit coincides with an evening launch, it isn’t necessary to arrive at opening time, but rather around mid-day in order to enjoy the visitor complex and be left waiting forever for the launch.
Speaking of launches, be sure to check the Kennedy Space Center launch schedule prior to planning a visit.
Where to Stay
As mentioned earlier, we drove up from Miami in the morning, did the visit, saw the launch, then continued to Orlando in order to maximize our time.
But if that sounds like a hassle, you could easily stay in nearby Titusville either before or after you visit the Kennedy Space Center.
Traveling to visit the Kennedy Space Center on your next trip? Book the perfect room on Booking.com today!
Wish you could travel more? Click here to grab my free resources for affordable, long-term travel.
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https://joekarasek.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/measuring-soil-moisture-from-outer-space/ | 2022-08-16T04:03:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572220.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816030218-20220816060218-00652.warc.gz | 0.917232 | 398 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__206048734 | en | The headlines in space news are all about Mars these days, but NASA is doing some seriously cool science here on Earth too. This last January NASA launched SMAP, a satellite designed to measure soil moisture from orbit.
Courtesy of NASA
How does it measure soil moisture from orbit? SMAP orbits at more than 400 miles above the Earth, which is quite a distance to be measuring soil moisture, much less anything else. The satellite produces a radio wave, bounces the wave off the surface of the earth, and listens to the returning radio wave. Somehow (and this is above my pay-grade) that information is used to determine the moisture content in the top 2 inches of soil, as well as determine if the soil is frozen or thawed.
And SMAP is fast. The signal takes microseconds to bounces off the ground, the satellite orbits the Earth every 98 and a half minutes, and it maps the whole Earth in under 3 days. To make up for its small field of measurement, the whole satellite spins at almost 15 revolutions a minute, effectively measuring 1000 km consecutive “loops” on the surface of the earth. That’s a 1000 km “loop” every 4 seconds. (If your head is spinning, watch the video again, and appreciate that they slowed it way down).
Why is all of this so important? Beyond being super cool (my Star Trek dreams are coming true!) this data will be incredibly important to the advancement of the sciences and our understanding and stewardship of Earth. SMAP will give researchers, policy makers, and resource managers the ability to monitor drought conditions, predict flooding events, assist crop productivity, and forecast weather with greater fidelity. More importantly, SMAP will give us greater insight into the water cycle, the carbon cycle, and the energy cycle, which are all interlinked and fundamental to the health of Earth’s biosphere.
Check out more on the project at SMAP. | aerospace |
https://adamfitzgerald-5924.medium.com/the-hijacking-that-didnt-happen-united-airlines-flight-23-ce2a739511d5 | 2023-12-11T02:20:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00790.warc.gz | 0.956856 | 1,936 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__232635940 | en | The Hijacking That Didn’t Happen, United Airlines Flight 23
Between 8:42 and 8:46am United Airlines Flight 175 was hijacked, just minutes before American Airlines Flight 11 would crash into the North Tower of the World Trade Center (WTC). It is not known who entered the cockpit but it is speculated that Marwan al-Shehhi entered the cockpit with another and piloted the plane. According to the 9/11 Commission report and from the interviews of captured Al Qaeda detainees, al-Shehhi was the selected pilot for this flight. Boston Logan Air Traffic Controller, Pete Zalewiski, would have no idea that he would be directing traffic for a hijack, as well as speaking to UA Flight 175’s captain, Jason Dahl , for the final time, the transmission starts at 8:37am:
Pete Zalewiski: “Do you have traffic look at uh your 12 to 1o’clock at about, uh, 10 miles southbound to see if you can see an American seventy six seven out there please.”
Jason Dahl: “Affirmative we have him, uh, he looks, uh, about 20, yeah, about 29, 28,000.”
Zalewiski: “United 175, turn five, turn 30 degrees to the right. I [want to] keep you away from this traffic.”
Dahl: “We figured we’d wait to go to your centre. We heard a suspicious transmission on our departure out of Boston. Someone keyed the mike and said: ‘Everyone stay in your seats.’ It cut out.”
Flight transmits “Did you copy that?” (controller on land line).
Flight turns towards the south-west with ATC clearance.
At 8.46:18 Transponder signal no longer received.
Zalewiski: “We may have a hijack. We have some problems over here right now.”
At 8:40am New York Center air traffic controller Dave Bottiglia takes over monitoring the flight from Boston Center controller John Hartling. According to the testimony of Rich Miles (Manager of the United Airlines Systems Operations Center), before the 9/11 Commission, the cockpit transmission were not reported to officials at United Airlines. The 9/11 Commission will later add in their final report:
“SOC personnel at United that we talked to had no idea of the extent of interaction of the Flight 175 crew with the saga of Flight 11.” The Commission will add, “We walked down a list of indicators,” but state, “Until we mentioned them, no one we talked to at United Airlines was aware of those occurrences.”
However officials from United Airlines say the misunderstanding is from the protocols not specific instructions. United Airlines officials will say, however, that, “first and foremost,” FAA controllers “communicated directly with airline pilots, not the dispatchers” at the airline. Also that, United Airlines officials who talk with the 9/11 Commission will also recall that “they never received any communication… from the FAA or the air traffic control system advising United to contact its aircraft about the hijackings.” The 9/11 Commission will not offer any explanation for the lack of communication between air traffic control and United Airlines.
At 8:52am…a call is made by United Airlines Flight 175 attendant, Robert Fangman. He contacts, the maintenance office where Marc Policastro gets the call. the call lasts only 74 seconds, but Fangman manages to report that the flight has been hijacked, both pilots are dead, a flight attendant has been stabbed…the line is abruptly cut. The call was made using an Airfone in row 31 at the back of the plane. Another call is made. This time from Peter Hanson. Who calls his father and says, “Oh, my God! They just stabbed the airline hostess. I think the airline is being hijacked.” Despite being cut off twice, he manages to report how men armed with knives are stabbing flight attendants, apparently in an attempt to force crew members to unlock the doors to the cockpit. Meanwhile Otis Air National Guard has two pilots scramble as soon as possible, but according to one of the pilots, Lt. Col. Timothy Duffy, they were not properly informed about the situation, nor were they aware of Flight 175’s hijacking.
According to the 9/11 Commission, NEADS itself only receives its first notification about a second possible hijacking at 9:03. Furthermore, it is not until after 10:30 a.m. that the two pilots will learn that Washington has also been attacked, when a controller informs them of this in passing, but does not elaborate further. The pilots head toward Long Island, but by then it was too late. At 8:55am, Air Traffic Controllers from Boston Center give new coordinates to the two Otis Air National Guards, this time they head toward Manhattan, the new information is based on instructions just received from NORAD’s Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS).
At 9:03am United Airlines Flight 175 crashes into the South Tower of the WTC.
It is not until 9:21am that United dispatchers are told to warn their flights to secure cockpit doors. United Airlines flight dispatcher Ed Ballinger, in charge of monitoring all United Airlines flights, takes the initiative to begin sending a warning message to the flights he is monitoring.
“Beware any cockpit intrusion… Two aircraft in NY hit World Trade Center builds.”
Meanwhile at JFK Airport, United Airlines Flight 23 a flight scheduled to depart to Los Angeles (LAX) at 8:30am. However it was late in pushing back from the gate.
Flight 23 captains, Carol Timmons and Tom Manello have heard a report over their radio that a plane has flown into the World Trade Center. They then receive an ACARS message, An ACARDS message is a digital datalink system for transmission of short messages between aircraft and ground stations via airband radio or satellite. The message is from Ed Ballinger,
“We have gone to heightened security. Do not open cockpit doors. Secure the cockpit.”
According to Lynn Spencer, author of “Touching History: The Untold story of the drama that unfolded from the skies on 9/11.”
Timmons starts barricading the cockpit door with their suitcases while Mannello grabs the crash ax for protection. Mannello calls the plane’s lead flight attendant to inform her of the threat, and tells her not to open the cockpit door under any circumstances. Soon afterwards, she calls back and informs him:
“We [the plane’s flight attendants] just think you should know this because we think it is unusual. We have four young Arab men sitting in first class this morning.”
Minutes later, the pilots receive a radio message from ground control, announcing, “All aircraft, be advised that the airport is now closed.” A subsequent message announces the airport is being evacuated. Mannello decides to move his aircraft back to the terminal. Soon after the flight attendant tells the passengers that the flight has been cancelled, the Arab men become abruptly agitated and the argument becomes so heated that she called airport security to the gate.
When the plane doors opened to let the passengers leave, the Arab males hurriedly left. Investigators will interview the plane’s crew nearly half a dozen times. But no information about the suspicious Arab passengers is ever released to the public.
Authorities will later check the men’s unclaimed baggage and find box-cutters, copies of the Koran, and al-Qaeda instruction sheets. On September 14, it is reported that investigators believe at least one of these passengers was among a number of individuals taken into custody at JFK and LaGuardia Airports the previous day. On September 13, New York authorities take into custody ten people of Middle Eastern descent at JFK International and LaGuardia Airports, reportedly fearing they intend to hijack aircraft and commit another suicidal terrorist attack on a US target.
According to the New York Times:
“Law enforcement officials said one of those held was carrying a false pilot’s identification.” Furthermore, several of the detained men “showed up at the airport with tickets for flights canceled on Tuesday [September 11] and tried to use them.”Investigators say they believe one of the men had been among a group of passengers that behaved suspiciously and became aggressive after their aircraft — United Airlines Flight 23 — had its takeoff canceled on the morning of 9/11. Some of the detained had false passports, knives and one even tried to board a flight dressed as a pilot.”
The incident would not make national headline, nor would it be remembered in the minds of those affected by the day’s events itself. It became lost in time, due mainly to the innumerable conspiracy theories that dominate the spectrum even to the present day.
However in 2004, Representative Mark Kirk (Illinois) will say the suspicious Flight 23 passengers were never found and are likely still at large.
And so the mysteries and actual anomalies from the September 11th 2001 attacks go unnoticed and unresolved. | aerospace |
https://caagesf.org/faq/why-is-mae-jemison-famous.html | 2022-08-14T21:42:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572077.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814204141-20220814234141-00288.warc.gz | 0.96959 | 992 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__81755495 | en | - 1 What did Mae Jemison do to become famous?
- 2 Why is Mae Carol Jemison famous?
- 3 Why is Mae Jemison important?
- 4 Why is Mae Jemison a hero?
- 5 Why did MAE leave NASA?
- 6 Has there been a black astronaut in space?
- 7 How many black astronauts are there?
- 8 What is Mae Jemison legacy?
- 9 What is a challenge Mae Jemison had in her life?
- 10 When was Mae Jemison born and died?
- 11 How did Mae C Jemison help others?
- 12 What is Mae Jemison personality traits?
What did Mae Jemison do to become famous?
In 1987, Mae C. Jemison became the first African American woman to be admitted into the astronaut training program. Soon after, she became the first African American female astronaut. Jemison became the first African American woman in space, traveling aboard the Endeavour.
Why is Mae Carol Jemison famous?
Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA.
Why is Mae Jemison important?
As a doctor, engineer, and NASA astronaut, Mae Jemison has always reached for the stars. In 1992, Jemison became the first African American woman to travel in space. She has also written several books and appeared on many television programs including an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Why is Mae Jemison a hero?
Mae Jemison is a Hero by being the first African American woman to be an astronaut. She went to a lot of hard work through try to go into space. She went to an astronaut- training program to make her dreams come true. She got a call from NASA, and accepted her to go to astronaut program when they let her go to space.
Why did MAE leave NASA?
Jemison, 36, who grew up in Chicago, said in her resignation letter that she was quitting the space agency to pursue interests in “teaching, mentoring, health care issues and increasing participation in science and technology of those who have traditionally been left out.” Jemison, an astronaut since June 1987, made
Has there been a black astronaut in space?
Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. (born November 22, 1942) is an American aerospace engineer, retired U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot, and former NASA astronaut, who is the first African American and the second person of African descent to go to space.
How many black astronauts are there?
Traveled into space
|#||Name Birth date|
|1||Guion Bluford November 22, 1942|
|2||Ronald McNair October 21, 1950 †January 28, 1986|
|3||Frederick D. Gregory January 7, 1941|
|4||Charles Bolden August 19, 1946|
What is Mae Jemison legacy?
Decatur native Mae Jemison is a physician and former astronaut who became the first African American woman to go into space. Jemison was chosen as one of 15 candidates from a pool of more than 2,000 applicants to join the NASA astronaut training program and became the first African American woman in the program.
What is a challenge Mae Jemison had in her life?
Mae Jemison had to face rejection, and racism. But she still became the first black women to go to outer space. She is a real and alive example that anything is possible if you put your mind to it.
When was Mae Jemison born and died?
Mae Jemison, in full Mae Carol Jemison, (born October 17, 1956, Decatur, Alabama, U.S.), American physician and the first African American woman to become an astronaut. In 1992 she spent more than a week orbiting Earth in the space shuttle Endeavour.
How did Mae C Jemison help others?
Scientist, chemical engineer, physician, teacher, and astronaut, Dr. Mae Jemison has been a strong advocate for science and technology. She has applied her medical experience to the service of her country, first as a Peace Corps volunteer in Africa and then as space shuttle astronaut.
What is Mae Jemison personality traits?
Entrepreneurial and progressive, Mae C. Jemison is ever-striving, heading for the top, and enjoying an enterprising, ambitious and determined personality to do things well, and an unyielding dedication to her plan until the goals are achieved. | aerospace |
https://appsfulldownload.com/nemesis-air-combat-games.html | 2020-06-04T03:10:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347436828.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604001115-20200604031115-00252.warc.gz | 0.870385 | 260 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__207434832 | en | Free Nemesis Air Combat Apps Games Full Download For PC Laptop
Nemesis Air Combat Apps Games Free Download For PC Windows 7/8/10/XP.Nemesis Air Combat Games Full Version Download for PC.Download Nemesis Air Combat Apps Latest Version for PC Laptop OSMac.
Nemesis: Air Combat combines great graphics and addictive gameplay. Just as it is organized in CSR Racing, where much depends on the power of your car and its upgrades, in Nemesis: Air Combat your success is based not on your pilot’s abilities, but on how much your aircraft is pumped. Each aircraft in this game is different in power and weapons, it can be customized and upgraded, but note – not every weapon here is effective against every opponent.
How to Play Nemesis Air Combat Games Apps on PC,Laptop,Windows
1.Download and Install Android Emulator on PC.Click “Download Emulator” to download.
2.Run Android Emulator on PC,Laptop or MAC.
3.Open Android Emulator for PC import the Nemesis Air Combat Apps file from your PC Into Android Emulator to install it.
4.Install Nemesis Air Combat Apps APPS for PC.Now you can play Nemesis Air Combat Apps on PC. | aerospace |
https://i-racconti.com/russian-freighter-to-swap-one-day-parking-spaces-again-at-space-station/ | 2022-05-22T08:50:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662545090.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522063657-20220522093657-00288.warc.gz | 0.935299 | 856 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__113054695 | en | Russian freighter to swap one-day parking spaces again at space station
An unmanned Russian freighter will begin swapping parking spots at the International Space Station tonight (October 20) in a move that will take just over a day to reach its new berth.
The Progress 78 spacecraft is scheduled to undock from the Russian Poisk module at the station at 19:42 EDT (2342 GMT). There will be no coverage of the undocking on NASA TV, but you can watch it relocate to its new port on the International Space Station on Thursday.
After undocking this evening, the Progress spacecraft will “park” (NASA speaks to maintain its position) at a point approximately 120 miles (193 km) from the space station to over ‘one day – 28 hours, 41 minutes to be exact – before re-docking at the stations’ new Russian-built Nauka lab module on Friday at 12:23 a.m. EDT (04:23 GMT). NASA will cover the rendezvous and re-docking from 11:30 p.m. EDT Thursday (03:30 GMT Friday). All these times are subject to change.
Related: How Russian Progress Freighters Work (Infographic)
It’s unusual for a spacecraft to stay in position for so long near the space station, but NASA said the wait time would help with the re-docking procedure.
“The 24 hours for undocking / re-docking must allow Russian flight controllers to configure systems on Nauka to receive Progress,” NASA spokeswoman Leah Cheshier told Space.com by email. . “The vehicle is backing up to a safe distance from the station while the work is in progress.”
Additionally, Progress 78 will be able to check the Nauka module’s thruster lines for leaks before the module fires its thrusters to perform an “orientation check” of the station, according to NASA officials. noted in a press release on the maneuver.
At the end of July, the Nauka module accidentally tilted the space station of about 540 degrees shortly after its own docking due to a software glitch. NASA said the crew was not in danger at the time. (Yet another Russian spacecraft, a Soyuz MS-18 crew capsule that brought a film crew back to Earth last week, briefly flipped the ISS out of orientation October 15. NASA and Roscosmos are investigating the root cause.)
The Progress 78 spacecraft will dock without the assistance of the station’s current Expedition 66 crew, but Russian cosmonauts are standing by in case they need to help with the re-docking, NASA said. in a press release. blog post on the operation of the station.
“The station’s two cosmonauts, flight engineers Piotr Dubrovnik and Anton Shkaplerov, are getting ready,” the blog said. “The duo trained on the Zvezda service module’s tele-robotic rendezvous unit for the unlikely event where they would have to manually reconnect the 78P.”
Progress 78 was launched to the space station in late June and arrived at the orbiting lab on July 1, when it docked at the Poisk module after a two-day trip. Its port change comes just a week before another Russian cargo spacecraft, Progress 79, leaves Earth for the space station. The launch is expected to leave the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan no earlier than 8 p.m. EDT on Wednesday, October 27 (00:00 GMT or 5:00 a.m. local time on Thursday, October 28). NASA will begin coverage approximately 15 minutes before launch.
Progress 79 will transport three tonnes of food, fuel and supplies to the space station for a scheduled docking at the Zvezda Service Module aft port at 9:34 p.m. EDT on Friday, October 29 (0134 GMT Saturday, October 30). NASA plans its live coverage at 8:45 p.m. EDT Friday (0045 GMT Saturday).
Follow Elizabeth Howell on Twitter @howellspace. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. | aerospace |
https://www.alltechng.com/list-of-all-aviation-colleges-in-nigeria/ | 2021-07-30T14:35:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153966.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730122926-20210730152926-00091.warc.gz | 0.914208 | 1,395 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__181195611 | en | List of all Aviation Colleges in Nigeria
On the off chance that you want to be a pilot or have a vocation in avionics, then, at that point you ought to think about flying universities. This article covers a rundown of avionics schools in the nation and nitty gritty data about each.
DHAEWOOD AVIATION BUSINESS SCHOOL (DABS)
Dhaewood Aviation Business School is a private expert preparing establishment. The school exists to advance quality preparing in the flight/travel and the travel industry. It targets taking care of HR and capital issues related with the flying business so the different partners like aircrafts, travel services and flying related associations will work better. Spots additionally gives all essential gear to future pilots. Spots offices is situated in Ikeja, Lagos state,
Since the origin of the organization in 2005, it has accomplished its target in an extremely huge measurement. The school likewise gives proficient courses amazing and quality preparing for the individuals who might need to additional their investigations. Touches is viewed as one of the top flying schools in Nigeria.
Courses offered at DABS include:
Air tagging course
Air travel considers
Aircraft lodge group
Travel visa preparing and Management
2D/3D Animation courses
Travel and Tourism courses
Forex exchanging course
General SCHOOL OF AVIATION
The goal of the Universal School of Aviation (USA) is to address the issues of the flight business by creating all around prepared staff at their avionics schools for the best homegrown and global aeronautics related associations. The foundation has made accomplishments in the space of labor improvement and has additionally helped in lessening the pace of joblessness by giving work open doors in the flight business.
General School of Aviation (USA) has associations with global air organizations wherever on the planet. Its understudies can hope to get a new line of work rapidly and effectively after their graduation.
THE UNIVERSAL SCHOOL OF AVIATION PROVIDES THE FOLLOWING COURSES:
Electronic Booking Tools
Travel and Tourism Management
Air Ticketing and Reservation
With the Universal School of Aviation, you can be certain you will get great instructing and faculty who will show you the nuts and bolts of each course.
SCHOOL FEES AT THE UNIVERSAL SCHOOL OF AVIATION
Expenses are reliant upon the course of study. Nonetheless, most courses go for #50,000 which is liable to change whenever. Call the school line at 07063002833 for additional subtleties.
The school offers monetary guide to recently conceded understudies with restricted monetary assets. Up-and-comers may apply for a rebate of up to 10% of the educational expense.
A candidate for monetary guide should demonstrate that they are needing a markdown.
Families with multiple kids selected all the while in the foundation as full-time or low maintenance understudies are qualified for the kin rebate.
LANDOVER COMPANY LIMITED
Landover Company Limited was consolidated in Nigeria on August 15, 1991. Landover Aviation Business School is endorsed and approved by the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) and International Air Transport Association (IATA). The establishment expects to impart a high feeling of polished methodology in its understudies and empower them to dominate in their specific area(s) of avionics practice. The school likewise runs projects to coordinate experts in the Nigerian Aviation and Air Travel industry into the utilization of the most recent innovation and mastery in the consistently powerful worldwide avionics industry. The school has made IATA TOP 10 Aviation Training Institutions in Africa multiple times in succession in 2011, 2012, 2013.
Advantages OF STUDYING AT LANDOVER COMPANY LIMITED
At Landover Company Limited, you are furnished with both hypothetical and commonsense preparing
At the school, you will be worked with by qualified and concentrated educators.
Since its joining, it has developed to be the main flight administrations organization by giving answers for avionics based issues.
Courses offered at Landover Company Limited include:
TRAVEL and TOURISM
Specialized and OPERATIONS
Global AVIATION COLLEGE, ILORIN
This is a flying foundation set up in Ilorin by the public authority of Kwara State. Be that as it may, the school is organized to be mutually claimed with the private area. The target of the school is to prepare various experts to incorporate pilots (fixed and rotating wing), lodge group, air traffic regulators and airplane engineers for the quickly growing Nigerian and global flight industry. Courses can go from 2 months to year and a half
Advantages OF TRAINING WITH THE INTERNATIONAL AVIATION COLLEGE
The school furnishes its understudies with proficient and profoundly qualified educators to assist with showing different specializations of flying.
The International Aviation College gives the accompanying courses:
Flight dispatcher course
Short proficient courses
Airplane Technician course
Standard Pilot course
NIGERIAN COLLEGE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY (NCAT) ZARIA
The Nigerian College of Aviation Technology (NCAT) Zaria is one of the most established flight organizations in Nigeria. The College brags of over 50 years of involvement with giving human asset advancement in the aeronautics business in Africa. The establishment expects to turn into a notable aeronautics preparing supplier in the worldwide circle.
NCAT gives preparing projects to meet both public and worldwide prerequisites. The establishment additionally offers preparing in non-flying explicit regions, for example, PC gear support and satellite correspondence standards.
COURSES OFFERED AT NCAT, ZARIA
Flying school courses
Aeronautical Telecommunications Engineering courses
Airplane Maintenance Engineering courses
Flight Management courses
Air traffic administrations/Communication courses
Advantages OF STUDYING WITH NCAT, ZARIA
NCAT is a partner individual from ICAO TRAINAIRPLUS, which is pointed toward normalizing activities of the school with the ICAO drive and working on the nature of avionics preparing in the school.
NCAT, Zaria is likewise enlisted with the Aviation Accreditation Board worldwide.
Beside standard preparing programs, courses are additionally offered on the web
NCAT aeronautics preparing programs are in similarity with ICAO guidelines and suggested rehearses.
Other avionics schools in Nigeria are:
Aeroport College of Aviation and Travel Management
Team Training Institute – CTI
Hawk Aviation Training
Gibair Aviation Academy
Organization Of Aviation and Maritime Studies
Worldwide Institute Of Aviation Training
Lagos Aviation Academy
Lagos Aviation And Maritime Business Academy
Riteway Aviation School
Belgrade Aviation Training Institute
Mainland Aviation School (CAS)
Dab Aviation Training Institute | aerospace |
https://tn185.tncap.us/about-cap | 2024-04-21T02:01:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817699.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421005612-20240421035612-00013.warc.gz | 0.95323 | 243 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__204807401 | en | In the late 1930s, more than 150,000 volunteers with a love for aviation argued for an organization to put their planes and flying skills to use in defense of their country. As a result, the Civil Air Patrol was born one week prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Thousands of volunteer members answered America's call to national service and sacrifice by accepting and performing critical wartime missions. Assigned to the War Department under the jurisdiction of the Army Air Corps, the contributions of Civil Air Patrol, including logging more than 500,000 flying hours, sinking two enemy submarines, and saving hundreds of crash victims during World War II, are well documented. After the war, a thankful nation understood that Civil Air Patrol could continue providing valuable services to both local and national agencies. On July 1, 1946, President Harry Truman signed Public Law 476 incorporating Civil Air Patrol as a benevolent, nonprofit organization. On May 26, 1948, Congress passed Public Law 557 permanently establishing Civil Air Patrol as the auxiliary of the new U.S. Air Force. Three primary mission areas were set forth at that time: aerospace education, cadet programs, and emergency services.
Information and Picture from CAP NHQ. | aerospace |
https://kazunite.com/en/infoen/05082023/16100.html | 2024-03-04T20:51:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476532.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304200958-20240304230958-00595.warc.gz | 0.970089 | 443 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__210176012 | en | In honor of this occasion, memorial events were held across all branches of the Armed Forces, military units, and higher military educational institutions. A solemn gathering took place at the Air Defense Forces Military Institute, where distinguished servicemen were honored with certificates of commendation, as reported by Sarbaz.kz citing the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
For conscript soldiers, lessons of courage were conducted in military units, featuring a screening of the documentary film “Assault Aviation” from the series “Liberators.”
A thematic exhibition dedicated to the pilot-assaulter Talgat Begeldinov was organized at the State Military-Historical Museum of the Armed Forces, showcasing photographs and documents that narrate the glorious chapters of his life and heroic endeavors during the war.
Talgat Yakubekovich Begeldinov was born in 1922 in the village of Maybalyk, Akmolinsk region. He spent his childhood and youth in Bishkek. His dream of becoming a pilot led him to the aero club in Bishkek, where a year later, he became a flight instructor. He graduated from the Balashov Military Aviation School of Pilots in the Saratov region and later attended the Orenburg Aviation School.
Starting as an ordinary pilot, he went on to become the commander of a squadron in a Guard’s aviation regiment by the end of the war. He fought on the Kalinin, Voronezh, Steppe, and the first and second Ukrainian fronts, completing 305 combat sorties. Despite facing numerous life-threatening situations and sustaining injuries, he remained unwavering in his determination to endure and triumph.
After the war, Talgat Yakubekovich graduated from the Military Air Academy, served in a strike aviation regiment in Ukraine, and led the staff at the Krasnodar Higher School of Navigators of the Air Force. He also served as the Deputy Head of the Civil Aviation Management in Kazakhstan. Until his advanced years, he actively participated in the life of the state and society, heading an international foundation that provided support to war veterans. | aerospace |
https://newsroom.intel.de/chip-shots/chip-shot-intel-and-att-lte-communications-at-mobile-world-congress-2016/ | 2019-07-20T12:23:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526508.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190720111631-20190720133631-00039.warc.gz | 0.935463 | 203 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__211807970 | en | Intel and AT&T announced today at Mobile World Congress 2016 in Barcelona that they are collaborating to test and define airborne LTE requirements for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones. As part of the collaboration, they demonstrated a proof of concept showcasing an LTE-based real-time video stream from a UAV using the AT&T LTE network with Intel’s modem. Connecting drones over the network will help address many challenges the category faces, including safety and security concerns, real-time communications, potential interference with manned aircraft, and supporting future capabilities (such as beyond line of sight), as they are approved by the FAA. For more information, go to Intel iQ or read AT&T’s news release.
An Intel Corporation demonstration team displays the company’s technology in a Yuneec unmanned aerial vehicle as part of their demonstrations on Monday, Feb. 22, 2016, at the 2016 Mobile World Congress. (CREDIT: Shawn Morgan/Intel Corporation) | aerospace |
https://www.jacksonrecruiter.com/executive-jobs/1731727897/manager-materials-process | 2021-04-17T00:34:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038092961.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416221552-20210417011552-00052.warc.gz | 0.874514 | 889 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__139683236 | en | Manager, Materials Process
Company: Triumph Group
Posted on: April 8, 2021
Triumph Group designs, engineers, manufactures, repairs and
overhauls a broad portfolio of aviation and industrial components,
accessories, subassemblies, systems and aircraft structures. We
partner with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and operators
of commercial, regional, business and military aircraft worldwide,
to provide products and services that solve their hardest problems.
So whatever the part, component or complexity of assembly, Triumph
is committed to quality, service and meeting the specialized needs
of each customer. Triumph participates at all levels of the
aerospace supply chain - from single components, to complex
systems, to aerospace structures and their contents. We provide
solutions for the entire product life cycle of an aircraft - from
raw material to aftermarket service. Our unique ability to
integrate a broad range of products and capabilities is our
competitive advantage. Responsibilities Job Summary: Responsible
for the research, development, and testing of aerospace interior
composite systems and components.
- Develops new/innovative process and technology in order to gain
and maintain an industry leadership position.
- Works with sales and marketing, customers and suppliers to
commercialize new design and process formulations.
- Stays current with emerging technology and competition.
- Effectively manage the demands of several concurrent projects,
including the ability to prioritize tasks to achieve successful
- Strong interpersonal skills and the ability to effectively
communicate at all levels of the organization
- Possess ability to work through issues and bring projects to
completion; perform complex research, analysis, and
troubleshooting; and resolve critical problems over sustained time
durations in a logical manner.
- Performs research, design, and development of manufacturing
processes including production flow, assembly methods, and use of
- Designs, develops, and tests and/or sources and cost justifies
various tools, machinery, and equipment for recommended
- Develops and maintains records and notes on design, test,
process and resulting intellectual property with the intent of
- Assist management and the TGI legal team in the application and
retention of patents relative to work performed.
- Responsible for regulatory compliance and technical data and
components (FAA, OEM REACH, Export Control)
- Leads small team of engineering employees across US and
- Mentoring and development of lower-level engineers
- B.S. in Engineering, or related discipline required. Advanced
Degrees (MS/PHD) or Certifications preferred
- CATIA V4 and V5 experience or training preferred.
- Travel will be required (International as well as
- Development and execution of engineering test plans and
- Development of technical documents and specifications
- Extensive experience with manufacturing and processing of
Aerospace polymers and fiber reinforced composites
- Experience with lamination of films and scrims as well as
development of adhesives systems highly desirable.
- Development of insulation burn through and sound attenuation
- Development and qualification of new Aerospace products and
- Understanding of regulatory requirements for aircraft
- Approves engineering work completed by lower-level
- Minimum 8 years of experience in Research and Development and
new product introduction
- Establish new product failure reporting during the initial
stages of the product life cycle
- Accountable for preparing and presenting plans for any projects
and coordinating deployment including training of team
- Understanding of patent types and their applicability including
the provisional patent process. -- Preferred Experience
- Aircraft ECS and air handling systems
- Aircraft acoustics and vibration mitigation All qualified
applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard
to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity,
national origin, or disability. Please contact us if you require
assistance in applying for Triumph Group and we will provide
reasonable accommodations via [email protected]. If
you'd like more information on your EEO rights under the law,
please click here .--
Keywords: Triumph Group, Jackson , Manager, Materials Process, Executive , Taylorsville, Mississippi
Didn't find what you're looking for? Search again! | aerospace |
https://the-edge.blogspot.com/2005_10_09_archive.html | 2023-09-26T19:49:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510219.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926175325-20230926205325-00754.warc.gz | 0.956805 | 1,375 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__27201846 | en | The worlds's smallest IP-PBX at astricon
Kristian Kielhofner has announced the worlds' smallest ip pbx, running Astlinux
Starting with a 400 Mhz Gumstix
and cutting and squeezing Linux and Asterisk
into 11MB of flash, the finger sized board supports over 40 simultaneous ulaw voip calls and runs off a 5v battery.
The project is still a work in progress, but details, including more pictures, are here
So, I'm sitting in the developer meeting, rolling my eyes in the back of my head at the painful depth of work that is required to internationalize anything.
Some parts of the standard seem to require 7 bit ascii. Others 8 bit. Others UTF 8. For all I know there's EBCDIC required somewhere in the loop.
Interoperating requires switching between each of these possible character sets for each broken device....
It's a very abstract way of looking at the basic problem of communication between people - even before you make a phone call you have to agree on a character set. After that you can express words and names... and after that you can call someone and talk voice who can't understand what you the heck you are talking about....
Wednesday I speak at astercon (My topic: asterisk on embedded systems
). Tomorrow I fly down and have a chance to see f2f a bunch of people I've met on irc and on conference calls. It should be a very rewarding experience. I've been looking for my camera for hours now. I have a million things to finish for work left undone, which I feel bad about, but perhaps I can get the documentation for my current project finished on the plane, and coax the board I'm working on to do something useful before the talk... and did I mention have some fun and meet some cool people?
The broad outlines of the future for manned space exploration
The New Atlantic writes:
In Griffin’s testimony at his Senate confirmation hearing, he made clear his strong support for the new Vision for Space Exploration and candidly criticized the old NASA mentality. “It is time to recognize that we have squandered a once-insurmountable lead in the arts and sciences of spaceflight,” he said. “The best we can say for ourselves today is that our grounded space shuttle is much more sophisticated than the operational vehicles belonging to the two nations which have sent people into space since we have last done so.”
Gradually I've begun to see some coherent arguments around the idea of flying fuel and spacecraft separately on the HLV. The private spaceflight enthusiasists are going ape after the idea
, yet not one has seriously suggested that we concentrate on getting resources into earth orbit from elsewhere in the solar system (e.g. NEOs). I guess I'm one of the few who still thinks it would be cheaper to get a grip on space that way.
In this matter, my views are congruent with the fuel depot crowd - if we can separate the propellant from the payload we can double (well, barring drag problems) the usable mass we send to orbit... and perhaps... one day... with this infrastructure in place... we could derive the propellant from outside earth's orbit. The technical problems in transferring cryogenics in space are severe, but they could be mastered - or we could settle on less difficult fuels (methane, alcohol, a variety of others).
Having a viable infrastructure for fuel delivery lowers risk and increases the size of the market for all those interested in seeing more competition in the space industry.
Consider this analogy about gas powered cars: If cars ran on Xenon, and could only refuel in Houston, would they have spread across the US and the world as fast as they did? No! Only by being able to make stops every few hundred miles are cars viable transport.
(Xenon is a popular, but very difficult to refine and rare propellant used in SEP powered spacecraft
. It's a dead end fuel, suitable only for missions that can't refuel....)
In looking over the vision for space exploration I note that Zubrin slices NASA's problem in two
In the Apollo Mode, business is (or was) conducted as follows: First, a destination for human spaceflight is chosen. Then a plan is developed to achieve this objective. Following this, technologies and designs are developed to implement that plan. These designs are then built and the missions are flown.
The Shuttle Mode operates entirely differently. In this mode, technologies and hardware elements are developed in accord with the wishes of various technical communities. These projects are then justified by arguments that they might prove useful at some time in the future when grand flight projects are initiated.
Contrasting these two approaches, we see that the Apollo Mode is destination-driven, while the Shuttle Mode pretends to be technology-driven, but is actually constituency-driven. In the Apollo Mode, technology development is done for mission-directed reasons. In the Shuttle Mode, projects are undertaken on behalf of various pressure groups pushing their own favorite technologies and then defended using rationales. In the Apollo Mode, the space agency’s efforts are focused and directed. In the Shuttle Mode, NASA’s efforts are random and entropic.
To make this distinction completely clear, a mundane metaphor may be useful. Imagine two couples, each planning to build their own house. The first couple decides what kind of house they want, hires an architect to design it in detail, and then acquires the appropriate materials to build it. That is the Apollo Mode. The second couple polls their neighbors each month for different spare house-parts they would like to sell, and buys them all, hoping eventually to accumulate enough stuff to build a house. When their relatives inquire as to why they are accumulating so much junk, they hire an architect to compose a house design that employs all the knick-knacks they have purchased. The house is never built, but an excuse is generated to justify each purchase, thereby avoiding embarrassment. That is the Shuttle Mode.
I slice it in three - By the time that Apollo was hitting its stride the rot at NASA had already set in. For more details, read Chris Kraft's "Flight". I look to the upcoming moon program and especially the development of a specialized lander and return vehicle as a waste of money - we don't need specialized gear to land on an asteroid - just specialized gear to mine it - and the ability to refuel in orbit...
Labels: asteroids, fuel depots, nasa, space, space05 | aerospace |
https://mcgohanbrabiender.com/for-all-mankind-season-3-trailer-previews-space-race-for-mars/ | 2022-06-29T06:40:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103624904.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629054527-20220629084527-00313.warc.gz | 0.92048 | 441 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__58550978 | en | Apple TV+ has dropped the official trailer for the upcoming third season of its sci-fi alternate-history drama For All Mankind, which will be available for streaming on June 10. The video highlights the series’ ten-year time jump, teasing the start of a brand new high-octane space war. It previews the three-way race to Mars involving NASA, the Soviet Union, and Helios, a private space company.
Check out the For All Mankind Season 3 trailer in the player below:
RELATED: Cha Cha Real Smooth Trailer Previews Apple’s Sundance Comedy-Drama
For All Mankind explores what would have happened if the global space race never ended. The drama presents an aspirational world where NASA astronauts, engineers and their families find themselves in the center of extraordinary events seen through the prism of an alternate history timeline — a world in which the USSR beats the US to the moon.
“In Season 3, the Red Planet becomes the new frontier in the Space Race not only for the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but also an unexpected new entrant with a lot to prove and even more at stake,” reads the synopsis. “Our characters find themselves going head-to-head as their ambitions for Mars come into conflict and their loyalties are tested, creating a pressure cooker that builds to a climactic conclusion.”
RELATED: Prehistoric Planet Trailer Teases Apple TV+’s Dinosaur Documentary Event
The series stars Joel Kinnaman, Shantel VanSanten, Jodi Balfour, Sonya Walger, Krys Marshall, Cynthy Wu, Casey Johnson, Coral Peña and Wrenn Schmidt, with new series regular Edi Gathegi as Dev Ayesa, a charismatic visionary with his sights set on the stars.
For All Mankind is created and executive produced by Ronald D. Moore, Ben Nedivi, and Matt Wolpert, with Nedivi and Wolpert set as showrunners. Executive producers are Maril Davis, David Weddle, Bradley Thompson and Nichole Beattie. It is a production by Sony Pictures Television. | aerospace |
http://iowascreativecorridor.com/projects/frontier/ | 2018-01-20T14:39:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889660.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120142458-20180120162458-00638.warc.gz | 0.905421 | 542 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__28732501 | en | Frontier Airlines Coming to Eastern Iowa Airport
Flights Begin May 17
Cedar Rapids/Iowa City regional travelers are now able to book additional non-stop flights on a new low-cost carrier coming to The Eastern Iowa Airport. Frontier Airlines announced that it is launching new year-round service from its Denver (DEN) hub to The Eastern Iowa Airport, Cedar Rapids, Iowa (CID), beginning May 17.
Airport Director Tim Bradshaw, A.A.E., said the Frontier service to Denver initially will include four weekly flights and could lead to more flights.
“As the airline industry recovers from the economic turbulence of the last three years, which has resulted in mergers and reduced capacity at airports across the country, it is very good news to announce that The Eastern Iowa Airport has landed a new low-cost carrier,” Bradshaw said. “The new service will be a low-cost alternative for passengers traveling to Denver and western destinations such as Seattle, Los Angeles and San Diego and beyond.”
During the last three years, The Eastern Iowa Airport also regained Delta Airlines service to Atlanta (ATL) and Continental Airlines service to Houston (IAH) area.
With the addition of Frontier Airlines’ four weekly nonstop flights to Denver, Eastern Iowa Airport passengers will have 27 nonstop flights to Denver weekly.
Frontier flights are scheduled for Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday, departing Denver at 3:10 p.m., and arriving in Cedar Rapids at 5:59 p.m.; and departing Cedar Rapids at 6:35 p.m. and arriving in Denver at 7:43 p.m.
Service will be provided on 99-seat Embraer 190 aircraft. The aircraft features STRETCH seating with an additional five to seven inches of legroom on every flight. The Embraer aircraft additionally offer onboard Wi-Fi service from Gogo.
The announcement of the Frontier service brings the total number of airlines serving The Eastern Iowa Airport to six. Frontier joins American Eagle, Allegiant Air, Continental Airlines, Delta Airlines and United Airlines.
The Eastern Iowa Airport has service to 11 nonstop destinations: Atlanta (ATL); Chicago (ORD); Dallas-Ft. Worth (DFW); Denver (DEN); Detroit (DTW); Houston ((IAH); Minneapolis (MSP); Las Vegas (LAS); Orlando-Sanford (SFB) Fla.; Tampa (TPA), Fla.; St. Petersburg-Clearwater (PIE), Fla.; and Phoenix-Mesa (AZA). There are more than 30 daily departures from Cedar Rapids, with connections to hundreds of destinations. | aerospace |
https://www.crossedsabres.org/lifestyles/2014/01/07/amazon-drones/?print=true | 2020-07-13T21:01:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657146845.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713194203-20200713224203-00542.warc.gz | 0.978904 | 298 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__81594769 | en | It seems like an impossible feat, thought up by Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, to have drone delivery. Yup, drones dropping off your packages in just 30 minutes! When people talk of the future, this is what they must’ve meant.
The idea was officially announced December 2 in a 60 Minutes interview with Bezos where he described his futuristic plans to renovate the praised Amazon Prime shipping. This got a lot of hype from amazon buyers who, although very pleased with the 1-2 day shipping Amazon Prime offers, were hoping for an even quicker package delivery.
These drones are unmanned aerial vehicles which fly to houses to drop of Amazon packages. It sort of sounds like something from a sci-fi movie which was one of the reasons people liked the idea so much.
Although this idea could be a breakthrough for the shipping industry, there has been a lot of talk about the effect drones have on the privacy of the customers. Many think that the cameras on the drones could invade their personal space and let amazon officials see who they are shipping to. This new innovation, being dubbed “Octocopter” would need clearance from the Federal Aviation Administration or FAA before Amazon enacts this mind-blowing idea.
There are many regulations that the drone shipping have to pass before Amazon is able to actually incorporate it into their service. One day we should all expect to receive our packages via drone, but for one company, that dream is just around the corner. | aerospace |
https://seeithistory.com/people/neilarmstrong/ | 2019-06-24T14:04:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999539.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624130856-20190624152856-00448.warc.gz | 0.967122 | 823 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__83988326 | en | Neil Armstrong is famous for being the first man to walk on the Moon.
Neil Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930 in the state of Ohio. His love for flying started at a young age when his father took him to an air show. From then on his goal in life was to become a pilot. At the young age of 15, Neil earned his pilot's license.
While attending college, Neil was called up by the Navy to serve as a fighter pilot in the Korean War.
As a Navy fighter pilot, Neil learned to take off and land from aircraft carriers.
Armstrong flew several missions during the war. At one point his plane was hit by enemy fire, but he was able to eject and was safely rescued.
After graduating from college, Armstrong became a test pilot. He flew all sorts of experimental planes testing them out to see how well they flew. It was a dangerous job, but very exciting. He flew over 200 different types of aircraft during his career.
In 1962 Armstrong was selected for the NASA Astronaut Corps. He had to go through a series of harsh physical tests, but he passed and was soon part of the "new nine" group NASA astronauts.
The New Nine
Neil Armstrong was a member of a group of astronauts called the "New Nine."
Armstrong's first trip into outer space was aboard the Gemini 8. He was the command pilot of the space capsule and piloted the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.
The Gemini 8 mission was cut short, however, when the capsules began to roll.
On December 23, 1968 Neil was offered the command of the Apollo 11. This would be the first manned landing on the Moon. The crew included Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins.
This was an exciting time for the entire country. The United States was in a race with the Soviet Union to put the first man on the Moon. If the flight was successful, Armstrong would be that man.
Armstrong inside a simulator training for the Apollo 11 mission.
It took months of training and preparation.
Armstrong and the crew boarding the spacecraft and preparing for launch.
After months of practice and preparation, the Apollo 11 spacecraft launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 16, 1969. There was one scary moment in the flight where Armstrong had to take over manual control of the landing. Upon landing Armstrong said "Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed."
After landing, Armstrong was the first to leave the craft and walk on the Moon. The historic date was July 21, 1969. His famous words upon being the first man on the Moon were "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind".
Walking on Moon
Buzz Aldrin also walked on the Moon during this trip. They collected Moon rocks and were on the Moon for over 21 hours. While the lunar module, named the Eagle, was on the Moon, the third astronaut, Michael Collins, orbited the Moon in the command module.
Neil Armstong back inside the Eagle after walking on the Moon.
The three pilots arrived back on Earth on July 24th. They landed in the Pacific Ocean and returned heroes. The picture shows the three astronauts in quarantine talking to President Richard Nixon.
The crew was famous. Here they are being celebrated with a parade.
After the Apollo 11 flight, Neil held many positions with NASA. He also worked as a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati.
Neil Armstrong died on August 25, 2012 at the age of 82.
The crew of the Apollo 11 meeting with President Obama.
Armstrong training for mission.
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https://grijalva.house.gov/grijalva-congratulates-university-arizona-nasa-mission-contract-will-have-bigger/ | 2023-12-06T19:01:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100602.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206162528-20231206192528-00088.warc.gz | 0.906889 | 415 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__160211163 | en | Washington, D.C.– Rep. Raúl M. Grijalva today congratulated the University of Arizona (UA) on its newly announced contract to lead an $800 million National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) asteroid research mission. The mission is expected to inject $200 million into the state economy, more than the popular Mars Rover program.
The OSIRIS-REx mission will send a spacecraft to the asteroid 1999 RQ36, which dates to the early solar system and is thought to be rich with organic compounds that may have seeded life on Earth. The UA team is led by Michael Drake, director of the school’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland will manage the mission for NASA. OSIRIS-REx stands for Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer.
“This is a tremendous boost to our economy, our education system, our prestige and our scientific community,” Grijalva said. “The University has been leading the way in astronomical studies for decades, and there’s no better home for a mission like this. We’re going to see a lot of interest in Southern Arizona for years to come because of this award, and I congratulate the school and the entire team involved. Forget politics – this is straight up good news for our state no matter what you do.”
All mission science operations will be performed on the UA campus. The mission will include the OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite built by UA as well as instruments built by NASA, Arizona State University (ASU) and the Canadian Space Agency. The team includes UA, NASA Goddard, Lockheed Martin, ASU, KinetX, the Canadian Space Agency, NASA Johnson Space Center, NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Langley Research Center, and researchers from other academic sites.
For more information, call UA Associate Vice President for Federal Relations Shay Stautz at (520) 621-3108. | aerospace |
https://topdeals247.com/2021/07/16/how-to-travel-to-the-moon-igns-guide-to-the-moon/ | 2022-06-25T14:09:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103035636.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625125944-20220625155944-00212.warc.gz | 0.964072 | 184 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__83503419 | en | In order to reach the moon, astronauts would need to launch a rocket and fly to the far side of the planet in a capsule that was specially modified for the mission.
They would then use their craft to dock with a giant robotic arm, which would pull them up to the surface and onto a robotic probe, where they would spend several months exploring the lunar surface.
After the lunar landings, astronauts aboard the probe would spend a year on the moon.
After that, the astronauts would be able to spend their time on other missions, like exploring Mars or another nearby world.
IGN’s Apollo 11 astronauts would spend their first year on Earth as part of the Apollo 13 mission.
In 2018, the space agency released the first official pictures of the spacecraft that would fly to and land on the Moon.
You can check out some of the pictures and videos from the Apollo 11 mission below. | aerospace |
https://adityakm24.medium.com/the-truth-about-the-new-spacex-mini-bakery-19b7dd55bc3b?source=user_profile---------6---------------------------- | 2024-04-13T19:55:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00522.warc.gz | 0.975116 | 851 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__157529544 | en | Yes, you heard that right! SpaceX has a new mini-bakery! But it’s not feeding all the hungry SpaceX engineers working on the Starship at their Boca-Chica site. Instead, they make their heat shield tiles here.
As Starship prepares for its first orbital flight, the thermal protection system will play a crucial part in making the mission a success.
The SpaceX factory which makes the tiles have been widely rumored around on the internet for many years. But in 2019 we started seeing some SpaceX vans outside, something that looked more like a warehouse in Cape Canaveral, Florida. But oh boy, was it a normal warehouse, in May 2020 there was a site inspection that gave us a much closer look at the new SpaceX facility.
It’s said to have 20 employees at the time of inspection, they run 24 hours a day and they work 7-days a week, in 3 shifts. The facility is said to be about 40,000 Sq.ft in size. The number of employees at the time of writing this blog must have surly gone up as the SpaceX Starship prepares for its first orbital test flight.
So now that we know where they are made, let’s talk about how they are made. The new SpaceX heat shield tiles are very similar to that of NASA’s Space Shuttle’s thermal protection system. They need to be able to withstand very high temperatures during the re-entry. For this, they need to have low thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity and melting point. Elon Musk has mentioned that the tiles are made out of Silicon and Aluminum Oxide. The tiles are 90% air and 10% Silica and they are a bit like hard form. That’s because Air has a low thermal conductivity and high specific heat capacity. This is very similar to those of the Space Shuttle.
1/2 of the new SN20 is covered with these tiles.
If we take a closer look at these tiles, we can see that they are labeled with red and green stickers.
The tiles with red ones are found to have been broken or damaged somehow during the inspection. The ones labeled in green are found to be misaligned during the fitting.
Now, this might be one of the very first and very important problems for SpaceX to solve. It’s not as simple as baking a few foams like tiles and sticking them on the Starship. For the Starship to be fully reusable, it needs to avoid such inspections. To understand this better, SpaceX plans on reusing the Starship at least three times a day. NASA’s Space Shuttle had a similar technology and it took literal months for inspection and maintenance between launches. The main reason for this is that the Space Shuttle had a much more complex shape than the SpaceX Starship.
The Space Shuttle had many different shapes of tiles, and during the launch ice would fall from the main tank hit these tiles thus, damaging them. SpaceX has about 15,000 tiles compared to 20,000 of the Space Shuttle. The Space Shuttles tiles were glued in place, but SpaceX uses a red robot to weld the mounting pins onto the body of the Starship and a person just comes along and gives it a nice push into place. The reason they choose the hexagon shape is that if they were to go with for example a square shape. then the heat would go between the tiles and the body of the Starship would be exposed to the Starship. The thermal protection on Starship is much more simpler and efficient than compared to that of the Space Shuttle.
On June 7th 2021 a Boca Chica watcher and Twitter user @StarshipGazer took some really good photos of a few shipments from the so-called “mini-bakery”.
One of them was a wooden crate and was labeled incoming mini-bakery. This could mean that they are moving the mini-bakery, near the production site. Again this cannot be confirmed yet, since it could be some more tiles from Florida as well.
What do you think about new SpaceX ‘mini-bakery’? Let me know in the comment section below! | aerospace |
https://mysteriesintime.co.uk/space-for-kids | 2021-11-27T05:59:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358118.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127043716-20211127073716-00510.warc.gz | 0.955915 | 693 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__176886239 | en | We ship worldwide. Thousands of adventures delivered to over 30 countries!
Learn about Space History for Kids in the eleventh adventure, which transports you back to the Mir Space Station. You will learn about the solar system, the Space Race, gravity and more.
Begin the history adventure with a Mysteries in Time subscription box for kids.
Max and Katie travel back to the Mir Space Station, where they learn how to be astronauts and experience
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Join Max and Katie on their adventure through time and space as they learn about the solar system, the Space Race, gravity and more!
Saturn is known as a gas giant and has enormous rings made up of ice, rocks and dust.
There are thousands of man-made satellites in space today, all orbiting the Earth.
The first man in space was a Russian man called Yuri Gagarin, who was successfully sent into orbit in 1961.
Human beings have been fascinated by the night skies for thousands of years. The stars
have captured people's imaginations and featured in stories worldwide. The position of the stars has encouraged
people throughout history to study the patterns in the sky and make maps to help them navigate at night.
By understanding the movement of the planets, people have been able to make accurate calendars.
More recently, mankind has made incredible journeys into space. This is still an exciting time for space travel, with new discoveries every year!
A constellation is a group of stars that make a pattern in the sky, like a dot-to-dot picture. Some constellations look like an animal, an object or a person. There are 88 constellations. People throughout history have used the constellations to help them find their way, like a map. Some of the earliest recordings date back to the Ancient Greeks, who knew they could sail in a certain direction by watching the position of the stars in the night sky. People also used to use the position of the constellations to create calendars.
Until 1981, the American space rockets could only be used once, which was very expensive!
From 1981 until 2011, they used the space shuttle. This could be launched into space with rockets, which broke away once in orbit. The shuttle could then land safely back on Earth afterwards, like an aeroplane.
The first man on the Moon was an American astronaut called Neil Armstrong (1930 - 2012),
who flew on board the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Neil Armstrong was a fighter pilot, who then retrained as
an astronaut. After the moon landing, Neil Armstrong became famous across the world.
Along with the two other astronauts, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, he took part in celebratory parades and interviews, as well as travelling to many countries to talk about their experience.
A space station is a spacecraft that stays in space and keeps orbiting the Earth. Rockets and shuttles take astronauts and supplies (such as food, fuel or equipment) to the space station and back. Astronauts carry out scientific experiments on board the space station, for example testing the effects of gravity on different objects or plants. Astronauts sometimes spend several months in space, carrying out their investigations. | aerospace |
https://ghost.estudiopatagon.com/airo/what-you-need-to-know-about-canadas-drones/ | 2024-04-19T03:30:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817253.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419013002-20240419043002-00114.warc.gz | 0.949562 | 308 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__198118983 | en | Whether they're swooping in to deliver packages or spotting victims in disaster zones, swarms of flying robots could have a range of important applications in the future, a new study found.
The robots can transition from driving to flying without colliding with each other and could offer benefits beyond the traditional flying-car concepts of sci-fi lore, the study said.
The ability to both fly and walk is common in nature. For instance, many birds, insects and other animals can do both.
Robots with similar versatility
Robots with similar versatility could fly over impediments on the ground or drive under overhead obstacles.
But currently, robots that are good at one mode of transportation are usually bad at others, study lead author Brandon Araki, a roboticist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and his colleagues said in their new study.
The roboticists developed algorithms
The roboticists developed algorithms that ensured the robots did not collide with one another.
In tests in a miniature town made using everyday materials such as pieces of fabric for roads and cardboard boxes for buildings, all drones successfully navigated from a starting point to an ending point on collision-free paths.
Adding the driving apparatus to each drone added weight and so slightly reduced battery life, decreasing the maximum distances the drones could fly by about 14 percent, the researchers said.
Still, the scientists noted that driving remained more efficient than flying, offsetting the relatively small loss in efficiency in flying due to the added weight. | aerospace |
http://bruce-miller.blogspot.com/2006/11/air-war-111606.html | 2018-06-21T01:02:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863980.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621001211-20180621021211-00344.warc.gz | 0.901076 | 796 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__205489872 | en | Via Tom Engelhardt's TomDispatch, I just learned that the Air Force posts a daily official account of the air missions flown.
Engelhardt is one commentator who has been stressing the importance of the air war in Afghanistan and Iraq. There is a lot of bombing and "close-air support" going on in both places.
The Air Force summary for 11/16/06, reporting the action for the previous day, says:
In Afghanistan Nov. 15, Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt IIs provided close-air support for International Security Assistance Force, or ISAF, troops in contact with Taliban extremists near Oruzgan.
An Air Force B-1 Lancer provided close-air support to ISAF troops in contact with enemy forces near Ghazni.
Royal Air Force GR-7 Harriers provided close-air support to ISAF troops in contact with enemy forces near Lashkar Gah. The GR-7s expended rockets on enemy positions.
In total, 39 close-air-support missions were flown in support of ISAF and Afghan troops, reconstruction activities and route patrols.
Additionally, seven U.S. and Royal Air Force intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, or ISR, aircraft flew missions in support of operations in Afghanistan.
That's thirty-nine air strikes of one kind or another in Afghanistan in just one day. Who are we fighting there? Are those Al Qaida targets we're going after? Taliban? Local warlords? And just what kind of effect is all this aerial warfare having on the ordinary people of Afghanistan? Our Establishment media isn't telling us much on that score.
Let's put some context by using the Air Force's descriptions of the aircraft mentioned. In order, the A-10 Thunderbolt IIs can carry the following armaments:
One 30 mm GAU-8/A seven-barrel Gatling gun; up to 16,000 pounds (7,200 kilograms) of mixed ordnance on eight under-wing and three under-fuselage pylon stations, including 500 pound (225 kilograms) Mk-82 and 2,000 pounds (900 kilograms) Mk-84 series low/high drag bombs, incendiary cluster bombs, combined effects munitions, mine dispensing munitions, AGM-65 Maverick missiles and laser-guided/electro-optically guided bombs; infrared countermeasure flares; electronic countermeasure chaff; jammer pods; 2.75-inch (6.99 centimeters) rockets; illumination flares and AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. (my emphasis)
Cluster bombs, 2000-lb. low/high drag bombs, mine dispensing munitions, Sidewinder missiles. Just what kind of weapons are they using "near" Oruzgan?
Armaments for the B-1B Lancer:
24 GBU-31 GPS-aided JDAM (both Mk-84 general purpose bombs and BLU-109 penetrating bombs) or 24 Mk-84 2,000-pound general purpose bombs; 8 Mk-85 naval mines; 84 Mk-82 500-pound general purpose bombs; 84 Mk-62 500-pound naval mines; 30 CBU-87, -89, -97 cluster munitions; 30 CBU-103/104/105 WCMD, 24 AGM-158 JASSMs or 12 AGM-154 JSOWs.
Same question for "near" Ghazni.
The Air Force press release tells us that the British Harriers "expended rockets on enemy positions".
And that's just in Afghanistan, where accounts of US combat rarely appear prominently in the news. And just on Wednesday, there were 39 "missions in support of operations" in that country. And that's according to the Air Force's official account.
A lot of important news is going unreported about both the air wars in both Iran and Afghanistan. | aerospace |
https://balkanbusinesswire.com/stories/511117736-bulgarian-tv-satellite-to-launch-from-cape-canaveral | 2020-01-27T05:47:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251694908.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127051112-20200127081112-00228.warc.gz | 0.948049 | 393 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__99984608 | en | A Bulgarian television provider is reaching the heights of outer space thanks to an innovative satellite attached to a planned Falcon 9 launch by Elon musk's pioneer space company SpaceX.
Space Systems Loral (SSL) announced May 12 that the BulgariaSat-1 satellite, built for the Bulgaria Sat telecom company, arrived at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
“It's exciting,” SSL Director of Communications Wendy Lewis told Balkan Business Wire.
Lewis said it often takes two to three years to build a satellite, including design and assembly phases.
“There is lots of testing,” Lewis said.
She added that optimal orbiting at 22,300 miles above Earth requires specific engineering standards, as well as rigorous testing. Other pressures on the satellite involve aspects of its atmosphere related to its positioning, she said.
Lewis said SSL leaders project that the rocket will launch in mid-June.
The BulgariaSat-1 satellite will help Bulgaria Sat provide direct-to-home television and communications services in the Balkans and elsewhere around Europe.
Thirty Ku-band BSS transponders will help with the provision of high-definition TV and other state-of-the-art services.
"BulgariaSat-1 is an essential part of Bulsatcom's strategy to expand high-quality TV and communications offerings to meet customer demand," Maxim Zayakov, CEO of Bulgaria Sat, said in a press statement. "SSL has been an excellent partner in helping us make our vision a reality and we eagerly await next month's launch."
The satellite was shipped in a special environmentally sealed container to regulate temperature and humidity and prevent contamination. Once at the site, the satellite must be loaded with propellant and attached to the rocket.
Look for more as SpaceX and its partners plan for the impending launch. Experts are saying within about 30 days from the launch, BulgariaSat-1 will be delivering data signals to consumers. | aerospace |
http://www.mach1aviation.com/flight-training/private-pilot-license/ | 2019-04-25T00:27:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578675477.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424234327-20190425020327-00528.warc.gz | 0.894858 | 336 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__64594451 | en | Private Pilot License
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call (877) 960-0511. | aerospace |
https://warsawinstitute.org/russia-threatens-usa-atomic-bombers/ | 2018-05-26T04:15:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867309.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526033945-20180526053945-00265.warc.gz | 0.948524 | 543 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__90470969 | en | Date: 15 May 2018
Russia again threatens the USA with atomic bombers
After a long break Russian strategic bombers again appeared in the coastal zone of North America. Two Tu-95 were intercepted by American fighters on May 11 near Alaska – informed Northern Command. This is not the first such a move of the Russian army – it has more political, than military meaning.
Two bombers Tu-95 appeared in the American-Canadian Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) over the Bering Sea in the morning of May 11. They were intercepted by two fighters F-22 Raptor. Russians were flying to the west of the seacoast of Alaska, to the north of the Aleutian Islands. They did not trespass the airspace of the USA or Canada. The flight was later confirmed by the Russian Ministry of Defence. In the flight participated not only Tu-95 bombers, but also Tu-142, which are maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine aircrafts. Previous such a provocation took place almost exactly a year ago, also in the vicinity of Alaska. On May 2, 2017, two American F-22 Raptor intercepted two Russian Tu-95 strategic bombers and two Su-35 fighters. A couple of days earlier, a Russian Su-27 fighter dangerously intercepted an American P-8 maritime patrol aircraft over the Baltic Sea. A Russian flied almost 6 metres from the US Navy’s machine.
All those flights have only propagandist and political meaning. From the military point of view, there is no sense in sending an aircraft armed in missiles reaching thousands of kilometres so close to a territory of a foreign country and venture its interception. In Alaska, there is a United States Army launch site for anti-ballistic missiles in Fort Greely (about 130 kilometres southeast of Fairbanks). Appearance of Russian aircrafts, which can carry atomic weapons, in that place is not a coincidence, taking into consideration Putin’s rhetoric whose one of main objects of attack are American capabilities of defence against Russian missiles. In Fort Greely there is a majority of 44 Ground Based Interceptors missiles capable of destroying intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM). Others are stationed in California, in Vandenberg Air Force Base. One should remember that in June 2012 Russian bombers simulated a missile attack on American objects of anti-missile shield in Alaska, within the great strategic manoeuvres of nuclear powers. Russian bombers Tu-95 are armed with cruise missiles KH-55 and in newer and more dangerous KH-101 (conventional warhead) and KH-102 (nuclear warhead).
All texts (except images) published by the Warsaw Institute Foundation may be disseminated on condition that their origin is stated. | aerospace |
https://www.overlandexpo.com/compass/nasa-concept-motorcycle-riding-moon/ | 2024-04-20T11:11:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817576.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420091126-20240420121126-00082.warc.gz | 0.947937 | 756 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__136907278 | en | In 2019, NASA announced the Artemis Program with a goal of putting human beings on the moon for the first time in almost 50 years. So, what better time than now to start daydreaming about a lunar adventure motorcycle?
Andrew Fabishevskiy, a Moscow-based designer, recently created a concept NASA motorcycle, but the history of putting a motorcycle on the moon dates back to the 1960s and the early Apollo missions.
“The main design theme of this motorcycle is to make an object that looks like clear engineering, with minimum styling elements,” Fabishevskiy told me via email. Like all things outer space, his project piqued my imagination and I began to wonder if riding a motorbike on the moon would be the most awesome adventure ever or if it was destined to be a disaster.
READ MORE: OVERLANDING WITHOUT A FRIDGE
Back in 1969, NASA first began testing Honda Monkeys as a feasible mode of transportation on the moon’s surface. But, since the engineers managed to fit a four-wheeled Lunar Rover Vehicle aboard Apollo 15, the project was largely abandoned, leaving us with little more than this amazing picture of an astronaut on a CT90.
Fast forward to the future, Fabishevskiy’s moon-worth electric motorcycle has a frame made of tubular steel. “Electric suspension, electric in-wheels motors. I wanted to make a visually light object,” Fabishevskiy told me, “such lightness is characteristic of machines designed for space, as well as the combination of materials that I used – lots of white and reflective materials.”
It sure seemed like a good idea to me, but I needed some first-hand science to back up my investigation into space motorcycles, so I called my dad, Dale Rupert, a high school and college physics professor. “Well, of course it has to be electric,” Dale told me, “you wouldn’t want to deal with the oxygen and fuel systems of an internal combustion engine. Nuclear could be another good option.”
READ MORE: JEEP VANGLER CONCEPT VEHICLE
It might sound ridiculous, but considering that there would be zero aerodynamic drag and ⅙ the gravity of earth, riding a motorcycle on the moon could be incredibly fun. Of course, traction in the lunar dust would be a challenge and the 500 degree temperature swings on the moon would be a disaster for pneumatic tires.
My dad assured me that you’d catch big air at the lip of every crater and that you’d be able to shoot rooster tails of moon dust 50 feet into the air— though he did ask me to not quote him on any specific numbers for roosting your astronaut buddies stalled out in lunar silt, as there’s still a lot of unknowns about how that particular substrate would react when blasted into a low-atmosphere environment.
After the publication of his design, Fabishevskiy was contacted by the guys at Hookie Co, a motorcycle design company based in Dresden, Germany. “We are making a fully functional prototype in collaboration. We plan to show in the middle of 21,” he said.
Who knows if the NASA concept motorbike will ever actually make it to the moon, but for now I’m happy to keep on daydreaming about riding my Trail 90 on Earth’s awesomest satellite.
Header Image: Andrew Fabishevskiy
Motorcycle Industry News by Eva Rupert. Follow Eva @augusteva. | aerospace |
http://www.europavia.es/main/en/clients-and-sectors/aeronautics-operators | 2019-04-19T00:48:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578526923.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419001419-20190419022545-00080.warc.gz | 0.933696 | 211 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__208336995 | en | Europavia distributes all kinds of chemicals (sealants, adhesives, oil, grease, etc) made by world-leading manufacturers to different clients within the aeronautics industry and to aeronautical operators.
In collaboration with Europavia, BIAERO has secured various agreements for the purchase of excess stock from companies such as ITP and airline companies.
Europavia provides component repair services to Iberia within the framework of the agreements that this company has for the maintenance of VIP aircraft belonging to the Spanish Air-Force.
Europavia supplies equipment/spare parts and repairs components for the leading civil helicopter operators throughout Spain.
Since January 2010, Europavia has been a distributor in Spain for the leading turbine manufacturer, Turbomeca, providing its services to all the leading helicopter operators throughout the whole of Spain.
Through the auspices of Europavia, the manufacturer, Goodrich, has supplied rescue cranes for Sikorsky 76 helicopters belonging to the Spanish Air-Force. | aerospace |
https://proflight.avtech.aero | 2023-01-28T19:25:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499654.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128184907-20230128214907-00627.warc.gz | 0.862504 | 644 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__50173879 | en | The next generation EFB weather and optimization tool
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A330/A321 TRI CAPTAIN
After using the app I find my situational awareness has improved especially about turbulence. It’s much better than the hours old briefing package. I recommend this app for any professional pilot because it really helps to anticipate and mitigate turbulence + all the other cool weather presentations.
I must say I´m impressed! Nice looking user interface, easy to use and understand. Very accurate weather. For example, the turbulence information worked perfectly. I changed FL two times according to the app and it was spot on!
A330/340/350 TRI CAPTAIN | aerospace |
https://aapkiawaz.com/2016/11/03/mh370-out-of-control-and-spiraling-fast-before-crash-report-says-cnn/ | 2023-12-09T14:47:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100912.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209134916-20231209164916-00602.warc.gz | 0.92658 | 105 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__254227788 | en | Wall Street Journal
MH370 out of control and spiraling fast before crash, report says
(CNN) Missing plane Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 was plunging toward the sea with no one in control when it made its last satellite communication, new analysis reveals. A report released Wednesday by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau provided the …
Is the MH370 disappearance the Titanic of modern times?
MH370: data suggests plane was out of control as it plummeted into ocean
MH370 plunged rapidly, not ready for landing: new report | aerospace |
https://ameliaskyrace.com/press.html | 2024-04-21T14:16:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00535.warc.gz | 0.982477 | 256 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__166953707 | en | Earhart's final flight
On June 1, 1937, Amelia Earhart embarked on a mission to fly for the first time around the globe along the equator with her fellow navigator, Fred Noonan. The specially equipped plane, the Lockheed Electra L-10E was chosen for that dangerous, one of a kind flight. They took off from Miami with much fanfare and publicity. The plane flew forwards Central and South America, and then turned east to Africa. From there, they flew across the Indian Ocean and finally made a stop in Lae, New Guinea on June 29, 1937. About 22,000 miles of the entire journey had been covered. The remaining 7,000 miles were to be flown over the Pacific Ocean. Amelia's plan was to head to Howland Island, which was 2,556 miles away and situated between Hawaii and Australia. Earhart and Noonan set out from Lae on July 2, 1937 heading east towards Howland Island. From what is believed, a series of navigation mistakes and mechanical problems led to the disappearance of Earhart's plane the next day, July 3, 1937. People have proposed many theories, however, no one knows what exactly happened and what went wrong, and it remains an unsolved mystery to this day. | aerospace |
https://jfbm.alfogolardelivery.it/bonanza-v35b-for-sale.html | 2021-05-11T20:26:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989856.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210511184216-20210511214216-00375.warc.gz | 0.874408 | 1,818 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__80382912 | en | Cirrus SR22 GTS Turbo. Cessna 182S Skylane. Beech F33A Bonanza The Beechcraft V35B Bonanza is powered by a Continental IO-520-BA engine. The cruise speed is 172 kts, the stall speed is 51 kts, and the To view the various models currently available, please check out our Beechcraft aircraft for sale or our other Aircraft For Sale for descriptions and photos or...
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- Beechcraft V35 Bonanza Aircraft Information. The V35 Bonanza is powered by a Continental IO-520-B engine. The cruise speed is 178 kts, the stall speed is 55 kts, and the range is 543 miles. The empty weight is 1,915 lbs and the gross weight is 3,400 lbs. |
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- Oct 06, 2017 · The last turbocharged version of the V-tail Bonanza was the 1970 V35B-TC that cost $45,250. Only seven were built and none were produced during 1971. After a nine-year absence, turbocharging returned to the Bonanza family of Beechcrafts with introduction of the A36TC in 1979. |
- Dec 4, 2019 - Find the latest Helicopter and airplanes for sale on Primaryflightcontrol.com. Our goal is to make the process of selling, buying and searching for aircraft.
Sale. New in. Clothing.Dec 27, 2018 · 35-C33A 36 A36 Beechcraft Bonanza Debonair E33A E33C F33A F33C McCauley Propellers for Sale S35 V35 V35A V35B International Propeller (Propellerman) Listing Owner Member Since: December 21, 2018
Beechcraft Bonanza V35B POH | Aerospace Engineering ... The Beechcraft Bonanza is an American general aviation aircraft with a variety of models including the 33 Bonanza, 35 Bonanza, 36 Bonanza turboprop and 36 Bonanza single engine. The Beechcraft Bonanza has the capacity for one crew member and five passengers. Empty weight is 2,530 lb (1,148 ... http://www.controller.com/listingsdetail/detail.aspx?OHID=21575997Title: 1978 BEECHCRAFT V35B BONANZA For SaleCategory: Piston Single Aircraft
Dec 11, 2014 · Hi I just purchased this beautiful aircraft in the ongoing sale. I am having a problem with the GNS 430: the inner/outer knobs do not seem to work. I try to turn them to change pages and nothing happens. The Direct To button seems to work; however, after I get the Direct To screen and attempt to ... Bonanza V35B AD List . Manufactured: 1970-1982, 1,334 made, Serial Numbers D-9069 to D-10403. Standard Engine: Continental IO-520B, -BA and -BB 285 hp.
2001 Beechcraft Bonanza Turbo-Normalized A36. 2.00. ... Hangar For Sale 3CK Lake In The Hills Airport. 2.00. ... 1973 BEECHCRAFT V35B. 2.00. Quick View. 1980 PIPER ... The general aviation aircraft Beechcraft Bonanza is manufactured by the US-producer Beech Aircraft. It has been in continuous production longer than any other airplane in history. During the last 60 years more than 17.000 Bonanzas of all variants have been built. The Beechcraft Bonanza 35 is...
Beechcraft, V35B, Bonanza, Ruddervator, 35-660002-48. Toggle menu. Welcome to FCA Air Parts! 2727 W. Main St. Leesburg FL 34748 (352) 728-1900; Sign in Register ... “4605TT 747SFRM 766 Prop No damage” Bonanza V35B 1979 N2051K Se# D 10198 Garmin 750 G500 G600 Syn.Vision GTX327 XP Century 3 autopilot Stex Yao damper Elc.trim GPSS
J. L. Osborne, Inc. formerly Brittain Industries, pioneered the development of wing tip tanks for civilian aircraft many years ago. Completely developing and redesigning the aluminum wing tip tank (20 gallons each) for the Bonanza, Navion, and Twin Navion, also the Single and Twin Piper Comanche's (15 gallon each).
- Db2 varchar exampleJan 07, 2016 · The V35 Bonanza is a fast, low-wing aircraft. It features a retractable landing gear and its signature V-tail (equipped with a combination which made it both efficient and the most distinctive private aircraft in the sky
- Pc mods fs19Oct 29, 2019 · I have owned a 1960 M-35 Bonanza (IO-470-C 250 HP) for the last eight years. A good friend owned it for seven years prior to that. Buying a Bonanza with a known history of maintenance and reliability took a bit of the fear away from buying an aircraft that was over 30 years old. I fly this aircraft between 75 and 125 hours per year.
- Friends who drink together stay togetherThe announcement of the sale of a used aircraft Beechcraft - V35b bonanza 1976 year for 169.900 $, №41320 | Plane-Sale.com/en/.
- Daves metal works benelli m4Carenado V35B Bonanza (for FSX & P3D). Compatibility: P3D v4, P3D v3, Flight Simulator X, FSX: Steam Edition. Carenado brings you the Bonanza V35B for FSX and P3D, with stunning visuals to complement the realism and accuracy that you have come to expect from the General Aviation aircraft...
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- Android symbols zipBeechcraft V35B Bonanza Single Pistons for Sale The V35B Bonanza is the final and most sophisticated version of the V-tailed Model 35 which was built from 1972 until production ceased in 1981. This model has a more streamlined windshield than the V35 and different internal trim.
- 100 draw predictionNov 13, 2020 · BEECHCRAFT V35B BONANZA Piston Single Aircraft For Sale 1 - 3 of 3 Listings. ... V35B with Factory Reman, Fresh Top Overhaul, GNS-430, KX-165, King HSI, STEC-30 ...
- Boho crochet sweater patternAug 01, 2018 · Aircraft for sale listings, aircraft classifieds, cessna, beech, piper, mooney, aircraft financing, brokers, aviation 1970 Beech V35B Bonanza (IO-550 Conversion) N35M was issued a standard airworthiness certificate on April 7, 1970 after a 2 hour production test flight.
- Neon toucan adopt me26.95 USD. The V35 Bonanza is a fast, low-wing aircraft. It features a retractable landing gear and its signature V-tail (equipped with a combination which made it both efficient and the most distinctive private aircraft in the sky. Features: KFC150 Autopilot. GNS430 installed.
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Borderlands the pre sequel reset questMicron ssd 512gb price | aerospace |
https://datascience.ucsd.edu/event/living-with-a-star-in-the-era-of-data-science-and-how-it-will-change-what-you-thought-you-knew-about-weather/ | 2024-04-18T14:12:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817206.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418124808-20240418154808-00403.warc.gz | 0.926848 | 832 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__148922819 | en | Give us a call or drop by anytime, we endeavor to answer all inquiries within 24 hours.
PO Box 16122 Collins Street West Victoria, Australia
[email protected] / [email protected]
Phone: + (066) 0760 0260 / + (057) 0760 0560
Abstract: The connection between the Sun and the Earth is a complex one, involving interactions and variabilities across a dizzying spectrum of scales and systems. The result is a relationship between us and our star that is observable only through a fleet of instruments, methods, and technologies yet creates weather in the near-Earth space environment that is both life-sustaining as well as life-threatening. This relationship is colloquially known as space weather.To unravel the critical complexities and variabilities and to evolve beyond current approaches to understand space weather, new data-driven approaches and data analysis technologies are required. These data-driven methods are taking on new importance in light of the continuously changing data landscape of the space weather system, a challenge (and opportunity) shared by all scientific disciplines. Therefore, the scientific community faces both an exciting opportunity and an important imperative to create a new frontier built at the intersection of traditional approaches and state-of-the-art data-driven sciences and technologies.
In this talk we will first introduce the beauty and power of space weather and then discuss the meaning of data science in the context of space weather, highlighting data science as the actionable exploration of the full data lifecycle, covering collection, through storage, to analysis and decision-based communication of the analysis. We will present the latest efforts to leverage data science innovation to further space weather science, revealing lessons that reverberate across all scientific disciplines and that tie science to engineering, art, and design.
This talk is intended to provide insight to and spark discussion around the characteristics of convergence and antidisciplinary and the role of data science, namely creating new progress and a new frontier through radical interdisciplinarity and methodology transfer.
Bio: Ryan McGranaghan is the Principal Data Scientist and Aerospace Engineering Scientist at ASTRA Associates in Boulder, CO, where he leads data science and machine learning efforts to improve our understanding of the Earth’s space environment. Ryan began this role after completing a Jack Eddy Living With a Star Postdoctoral Fellowship at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, during which he studied the Earth’s and solar system planets’ interactions with the Sun.
Ryan takes a multi-disciplinary (what he terms ‘antidisciplinary’) approach to the study of space, bringing together traditional space physics with innovation from the field of data science. His passion for data-driven discovery has led to involvement in the JPL Data Science Working Group, the NASA Frontier Development Lab artificial intelligence R&D incubator, and complex systems institutes throughout the United States. Prior to joining JPL, Ryan received the Visiting Young Scientist Fellowship to join the Dartmouth College School of Engineering faculty. During his six-month visiting tenure he created and taught a graduate-level course on statistical inference and data assimilation and conducted research across the engineering, applied math, and physics departments. Ryan was selected as a National Science Foundation Fellow to complete his Ph.D. research at the University of Colorado Boulder, and completed his degree in Aerospace Engineering Sciences in the Fall of 2016. He also holds a Master’s Degree in Aerospace Engineering Sciences from CU Boulder and a Bachelor’s Degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Tennessee.
Ryan has enjoyed research experiences with Los Alamos National Laboratories, the National Center for Atmospheric Research High Altitude Observatory, and the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, to name a few.
Ryan is a passionate communicator and entrepreneur of science. He was selected to give a TED talk in April 2015 on the topic of space weather, and continually strives to move audiences and more effectively communicate science through compelling storytelling and data visualization. His latest passion has been a new podcast called Origins that examines the pivotal moments across the lives of thought-leaders from science, art, engineering, and design. | aerospace |
https://toptrendingnews.co/cornell-university-team-envision-watery-flight-to-the-moon/ | 2023-06-02T05:33:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648322.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602040003-20230602070003-00635.warc.gz | 0.955478 | 813 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__137497563 | en | If all goes as planned, a group of U.S. university students will have placed a satellite powered exclusively by water, into orbit around the moon in just over a year. The Cornell University team CisLunar Explorers (cislunar means "between Earth and the moon") and their eponymously named satellite – actually two adjoining satellites – are taking part in a NASA program called the Cube Quest Challenge. Cube Quest The challenge is simple: design, build and deliver "flight-qualified, small satellites capable of advanced operations near and beyond the moon." Nothing to it, right? Evidently not, because there are 10 teams that are competing in the challenge with names like "Cubequestador" and "Eagles Quest." But the CisLunar Explorer satellites are unique because the only form of propulsion on board these these two small (30 centimeters or so) L-shaped craft is water. The idea is the brainchild of Mason Peck who works at Cornell University but used to be NASA's chief technologist. He has always wanted to figure out a way to get beyond rockets as a way to push our spacecraft beyond earth. “A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets – the only way we get anything into space,” he said in a Cornell press release. “But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could refuel spacecraft while they’re already in space…" Here's how it works: The craft is two connected satellites that will gradually separate from each other, both shaped like the English letter "L." Water is stored in the lower part of the L . Energy from the sun will electrolyze the water into its two parts, hydrogen and oxygen. Put the hydrogen, oxygen and a spark together and you get a bang that provides thrust, with water as the only by-product. And it turns out water is pretty plentiful out in space. Icy comets are full of it, and NASA is currently in the process of looking for it on a number of rocky near-earth asteroids. The newest theories suggest that most of the water on our planet may have come from asteroids or comets when the ancient Earth was being bombarded with space junk in its formative years. CisLunar Navigation Another cool thing about the CisLunar Explorer is how the team is teaching it to navigate its way through space. The idea is to copy how ancient mariners used the moon, sun and stars to fix their position on the oceans. Once the twin satellite halves separate after launch they will spin around each other on their way to the moon to keep them from going off course. They will be equipped with cameras and be constantly taking pictures of the sun, Earth and the moon, and comparing their positions and their size. Based on where the sun, moon and Earth are at any given moment, the CisLunar Explorers will do the math to figure out their position. "‘Okay, I must be here, because these bodies look like this,’” is how Cornell engineer Kyle Doyle explains it. “It’s very much like ancient explorers using the sun and moon to navigate." And the Winner is? Of the 10 teams competing, the top three winners will hitch a ride on board NASA's space launch system in early 2018. The competition is in four stages and the Cornell team has been in the top three in stages one and two. The winners of this third stage will be announced in about a month, and the final three winners will be announced in early 2017.
About The Author
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December 27, 2020 | aerospace |
https://www.revzilla.com/common-tread/how-we-almost-had-a-minibike-on-the-moon | 2022-05-21T16:08:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662539131.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521143241-20220521173241-00546.warc.gz | 0.972435 | 2,083 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__256843833 | en | I’m probably dating myself by telling you that I remember the summer of 1971.
Triumph had just released the T120R — probably the best of the Bonnevilles, thanks to a Rob North-designed frame that carried the oil in the backbone — but it was too little, too late to save the British bike industry from Honda’s 750-Four. Giacomo Agostini was in the process of winning another 500 grand prix title on his MV Agusta triple. Meanwhile, I was riding a 49 cc Puch "Condor" moped.
I suppose one of the few bikes I didn’t covet — that was even more mundane than my moped — was the Honda Z50 "monkey bike." (Note to the small-but-avid community of Z50 collectors: No offense intended!)
The thing is, something very like a Z50 easily could have become the world’s most famous motorcycle that July. That’s because NASA considered equipping Apollo 15 astronauts with electric minibikes to explore the surface of the moon.
Long before the Apollo program, NASA had envisioned equipping astronauts with some kind of vehicle that would allow them to explore the moon’s surface. After the Soviet Union put the first man in orbit, John F. Kennedy brashly declared that the United States would send men to the moon and return them safely before the 1960s were out. NASA and the Apollo program became national priorities.
The first astronauts walked on the moon in 1969, but some kind of vehicle that allowed them to explore further afield from the Lunar Module (LM) was both scientifically attractive and offered yet another propaganda victory over the Soviets.
As you might imagine, various Buck Rogers-style rocket packs and small rocket runabouts were considered. Many wild and wonderful four-wheeled prototypes were developed and tested. Initially, concepts weighing over a ton were feasible, because the design brief called for two Saturn launch vehicles per mission. NASA considered pressurized vehicles that would allow astronauts to roam the moon’s surface for weeks at a time.
Inevitably, however, NASA’s budget was cut back, forcing them to build a Lunar Module that could be lifted into orbit and sent on its way to the moon with just one Saturn V. NASA still had its heart set on giving astronauts a vehicle to explore further afield. Boeing worked with General Motors’ defense research division on a lighter and more compact vehicle that could be packed into the LM.
The engineers working on it called it the "moon buggy" — a play on dune buggy. Those were popular back then. Officially, it was designated the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV); it became famous as, simply, the Rover. But even folding that minimalist vehicle into the available cargo space was a challenge.
In 1969, NASA was far from sure that Boeing and GM could actually deliver the moon buggy. So the Spacecraft Design Division, in Houston, decided to hedge its bets. Hmm… what’s smaller than a dune buggy, but offers similar off-road capabilities? Obviously, a dirt bike.
With its moon buggy, Boeing literally reinvented the wheel. The Rover had ingenious expanded wire mesh "tires" that solved the problem of rubber tires over-inflating in the absence of atmospheric pressure. But for its moon minibike, the Spacecraft Design Division chose an easier path. At the time, Honda was flooding the U.S. market with cheap, reliable trail bikes. As NASA’s own photos make clear, someone just went and bought one, to see if it could be controlled by a guy encumbered by a bulky space suit.
Photos from 1969 show a Manned Spacecraft Center engineer testing what appears to be a bone-stock Honda CT90 on a fake lunar surface, while suspended from an elaborate rig to simulate the lunar gravity (by taking up five-sixths of the weight of bike and rider).
Several Apollo astronauts were avid motorcyclists. (Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, rode a Montesa; Pete Conrad, who commanded the second moon mission, died after crashing his Harley.) But none of the engineers involved had ever designed a motorcycle. Maybe that was why they developed prototypes based on proven, commercially available models. Eventually, the full-sized lunar trail bike idea was rejected when someone realized that on the moon, a motorcycle would have to be leaned much further to make it turn.
NASA then tried something like an electric monkey bike. There’s a fascinating archival photo of one prototype being ridden in the famous "Vomit Comet" — a cargo plane that flew in a parabolic climb/dive pattern to simulate lunar gravity for 30 seconds at a time. The minibike in that photo just has ballast where the motor and batteries would go. (You can see that another NASA guy is pushing it. Interestingly, they’re trying it over a little ramp. Can you imagine how eager Travis Pastrana would be, to jump a motorcycle in one-sixth earth gravity?)
NASA went further, developing a working electric minibike with a 10-pound, five-eighths horsepower motor and a 30 amp-hour battery. Top speed was seven miles an hour. I’ve never been able to determine what battery chemistry they planned to use in the moon minibikes, but the Boeing/GM Rover relied on silver-zinc potassium, non-rechargeable batteries to power DC motors. That’s the same battery chemistry still used in applications, like watch batteries, that need high energy density. My best guess is that the motorbike used similar cells.
(I sent the photos accompanying this story to Lennon Rodgers, a friend of mine who once built a bike to race in the Isle of Man TT Zero event, and who previously worked for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He immediately noticed that the bike in the photos doesn’t have a battery pack big enough for the mission. He suspected it was just an early proof-of-concept that they built to see whether an astronaut could control it at all at one-sixth g.)
What limited technical information I’ve been able to glean about this project came from a 1972 article in AMA News, the association's magazine of the time. Cooling the battery and motor was a challenge because there was no atmosphere to absorb heat. So NASA used the frame itself as a heat sink and added a "water jacket" to those components that was filled with beeswax. The idea was that the wax would melt and absorb heat. When things got too hot, the astronauts would stop long enough for the wax to re-solidify.
Unlike Boeing’s engineers, the minibike engineering team felt they could use rubber tires as long as they calculated what inflation was needed for tires to work properly in a nearly perfect vacuum. Astronauts’ suits also tend to inflate and feel almost rigid under those conditions, which is why the guy in the test rig is leaning forward and almost lying on the bike. They determined that it would be tiring to hold a normal sitting position. It also looks as if the electric test bike has a fork outfitted with an axle clamp that allows for testing radical changes in steering trail.
NASA always seemed to have photographers around, but they really weren’t that great about preserving their history. (One of the original Rover prototypes survived only because a scrap metal dealer recognized it and refused to put it in his crusher!)
When I first learned about the moon motorcycle program, I contacted the press liaison at the National Air & Space Museum. She inquired of the archivist for the Apollo program, who had never heard of it.
Luckily, my friend Lennon found someone at MIT who was familiar with the project. He learned that the minibike program was hampered because the cycles were hard-pressed to tow the Modular Equipment Transporter, a two-wheeled scientific cargo trailer that astronauts called "the rickshaw."
According to the Wikipedia article on the MET, NASA used it on the Apollo 14 mission and had planned to use it on Apollo 15 — perhaps with the lunar minicycle. Partway through Apollo 15’s mission planning, NASA revised the plan to use the LRV.
It only took Boeing and GM 18 months to deliver the Rover — in time for Apollo 15, thus rendering the minicycle obsolete before it ever had the chance to prove itself. The LRV fit in the available payload bay, and was just capable of carrying all the gear and lunar samples, so no towing capacity was required. The buggies worked perfectly, except for that one time when an astronaut accidentally broke off a fender. Temporary repairs (yes, with duct tape!) failed, and they were showered with moon roost for the rest of that mission. (None of the prototype scooters had fenders, but they obviously would’ve needed them.)
If any of NASA’s prototype EV minibikes have survived, no one at the agency seems to know where they are. (If any Zillans know where one is, please contact me!)
In the meantime, that AMA News cover is sure evocative, isn’t it? As it was, the Z50 was a popular model for Honda, and introduced thousands of American kids to motorbikes. Mint examples currently command astronomical prices on eBay. (You see what I did there?) Can you imagine how much more popular those monkey bikes would’ve been if they’d been used to explore the lunar surface?
Sadly for motorcyclists, as AMA News wrote in 1972, “NASA feels that four-wheeled vehicles are necessities and two-wheeled vehicles are luxuries. This… has always been basic to the American way of thinking.”
Too bad, because as one person on Reddit wrote, “Riding a motorcycle on the moon is by far the coolest thing a human being could do in the entire history of mankind. Nothing else comes close.” I agree. | aerospace |
https://earthlogs.org/2002/03/01/satellite-based-gravitational-surveys/ | 2020-12-02T09:37:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141706569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202083021-20201202113021-00475.warc.gz | 0.940802 | 479 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__59800990 | en | Outside of tides, two fundamental processes shift mass in our planet, the convective motion of the mantle and lithosphere, and that of the oceans. A second-order means of mass transfer is that of water via the atmosphere, from sources of evaporated vapour to sites of precipitation and temporary storage (as soil moisture and in snow and ice). Any movement of mass should, theoretically, result in changes in the Earth’s gravitational field. Exploiting that simple notion presents two practical challenges, sufficiently precise measurements of gravity and its continuous monitoring. Gravimeters used for surveys at the surface are now sensitive enough to give a reading for the mass of a person, provided he or she moves close enough to the instrument (gravity obeys an inverse-square law), but ground-based monitoring is so slow and expensive that continuous monitoring is impossible, except at permanent stations that check micro-gravitational changes near active volcanoes and fault zones. Variations in the height at which satellites orbit the Earth stem from changes in gravity. Although the inverse-square law of gravitational attraction smoothes out gravity anomalies at orbital altitudes, such measurements have been used for three decades to assess the shape of the Earth’s surface, were it completely covered with water (the geoid). However, they are not accurate enough to do much more than that.
A project jointly funded by NASA and the German space agency DLR aims to improve the precision of satellite gravity measurements by more than 100 times that of the best to date (Adams, D. 2002. Amazing grace. Nature, v. 416, p. 10-11). The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), launched in March 2002, uses two satellites that follow the same orbit with a spacing of 220 km. Range finders on each measure their separation distance, and so their ups and downs as gravity varies, with far greater accuracy than any other method. Every month they will have gathered enough data to assess the global variation of gravity at their orbital height. That will produce movies of annual and longer term fluctuations, with sufficient detail even to track variations in the Gulf Stream and rises and falls in soil moisture and snow cover, as well as details that relate to deep ocean currents and mantle convection. Unfortunately, gravity and the drag of Earth’s atmosphere limits GRACE’s lifespan to a mere 5 years. | aerospace |
https://fccc-sd.github.io/bootstrap-web-site-crichard17034/spaceCadet.html | 2021-09-22T00:16:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057274.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921221605-20210922011605-00623.warc.gz | 0.939864 | 725 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__190790743 | en | Arriving down from the outer limits of space to aid in the takeover of Neighborville, Space Cadet is armed with out-of-this-world weaponry to take on the plants (at least, he think's he's from outerspace). While relatively average on his own, once transformed into the massive Space Station, it's unfathomable the kind of damage that can be done once it gets going. Throw in some additional Space Cadet freinds for added shields and homing missiles, and this interstellar zombie crew beomes near unstoppable.
The Cosmic Shot is your fairly standard laser gun. It deals a solid 6-7 damage per shot and has slight tracking properties to making aiming that much more simple. Every space enthusist worth their salt needs to have a trusty laser gun by their side, right?
The Space Station uses an alternate version of the Big Bang Beam known as the Big Bang Barrage. This laser cannon fires in 3-round bursts that deal 11-13 damage a shot. It has a a decent fire rate and can be coupled with double jumps to make it much harder to pedict.
What comes up must come down thanks to the Graviy Smash! For around 3 seconds, Space Cadet is able to hover freely above the ground before crashing back down to earth for an inpressive 125 damage! While hovering, you leave a bright purple circle on the ground showing where you will land, giving both you and your opponent to plan accordingly.
When a bit more defense is needed, transform into the powerful Space Station! You are left open while transforming, but it is reatively shorter when compared to other transformations. Once in control of the Space Station, other Space Cadets can attach themselves to you for increased firepower and survivability. After all, being alone on a Space Station with no one to blast plants with must get pretty lonely.
By overcharging the Cosmo Shot, Space Cadet can fire off a percise Big Bang Beam to deal 100 damage to the plant it hits. It takes a few seconds to start up and the shot itself doesn't give much room for error. The Big Bang Beam finds the most use in sniping off targets from afar over direct combat.
Why go to the moon to see craters when you can just make one yourself? Thanks to the power of the Crater Maker and its mighty laser, the Space Station can turn any plant into a soldering hole in the ground. For 3-4 seconds, this behemoth of an attack rapidly deals anywhere from 6-25 damage to any plant standing underneath the Space Station based on how close they are to the center of the beam. Remember that when you use this ability and raise yourself into the air, you become a major target to any plants not in walking distance of your destructive power.
Mission failed? No problem. Just hit that tiny red button and eject out of the Space Station using an Escape Pod. While not the most ideal thing to do, it's better than letting you or your team of fellow Space Cadets get torn to shreds by an attack since if the main Space Station goes down, so does everyone connected to it!
For the times where you or your fellow cadets run low on energy, allow Space Force to increase the fire rate and lower the cooldown times of abilities for all zombies connected to the Space Station. This allows for aggressive pushes and lets those connected to you raise their defensive shields up faster after they shatter. Quite frankly, there's no reason not to take advantage of or question space and its mysterious powers. | aerospace |
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Having trouble viewing the map? The station completes one orbit every 90 minutes, so you won't have to wait too long for our online casino welche sind gut planet to roll into view once. Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec United States United States. FIND A SATELLITE SEARCH DATABASE BROWSE BY World satellite live DATE BROWSE BY CATEGORY BROWSE BY COUNTRY. NASA is now live-streaming views of Earth from space captured by four commercial high-definition video cameras that were installed on the exterior of the International Space Station last month. Ortswetter Stündliche Vorhersage Umfassend Wochenende Vorhersage für den Monat Wetter aktuell. | aerospace |
http://catalog.poly.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=7&coid=18652 | 2018-01-18T07:06:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887067.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118051833-20180118071833-00241.warc.gz | 0.930095 | 196 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__243553056 | en | HI-UY 2364 History of Aviation and Aviation Technology
In little more than 100 years, aviation has passed from a ground-hugging flight of less than a minute to high-altitude, supersonic flights that cross continents and oceans. This course surveys the history of aviation and the technological innovations that led to this crucial modern technology. This course also discusses the physics of flight, how increased understanding of aerodynamic principles led to successive aircraft improvements, and the development of new materials and control systems. Although military research drove many technological innovations, this course focuses on the economics and development of commercial aviation, which has changed the world. The course also looks at ultramodern trends in aircraft design and control, including unmanned cruise missiles and aircraft, and new commercial-aircraft designs and production techniques.
Prerequisite(s): Completion of first year writing requirements
Note: Satisfies a humanities and social sciences elective.
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