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https://www.andreaefilters.com | 2024-04-20T11:12:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817576.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420091126-20240420121126-00651.warc.gz | 0.934025 | 104 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__130130085 | en | Andreae Filters 60th Anniversary Celebration! 🌟
This year, we proudly mark a milestone that speaks of dedication, innovation, and unwavering commitment to our mission. Andreae Filters is celebrating 60 glorious years!
As we celebrate 60 years of excellence, we express our deepest gratitude to each and every one of you who has been a part of this remarkable journey. Thank you for being part of the Andreae Filters family. Together, we'll keep pushing boundaries and soaring to new horizons. | history |
http://sutherlandpipesanddrums.com/ | 2017-09-22T06:07:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818688671.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20170922055805-20170922075805-00528.warc.gz | 0.969451 | 800 | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__86767834 | en | The Sutherland Pipes and Drums, formed in 1965, is the culmination of a group of like minded individuals that wanted to promote the sound of the highland pipes and drums in the south eastern counties of England. Based in Corringham Essex, the concept and its practice and principles were the brainchild of one man following a chance meeting with a former Queens Own Cameron Highlander, Pipe Major Dan Macrae.
Founder Member, former Pipe Major and now Honorary President of the Sutherland Pipes and Drums, Mr Eddie Duce met Pipe Major Dan MacRae in the early sixties whilst on holiday in Scotland and after a short conversation began a lifelong friendship that would involve Eddie travelling up to Scotland on a regular basis for chanter lessons with the Pipe Major.
Eddie, together with a few friends, formed the basis of the band you see today. Wives and partners became the hard working committee members, supporting those who played instruments in managing the engagements, uniform procurement, fundraising and publicity in much the same way the bands committee manage the bands administration today.
Right from the beginning, key decisions were made in order to make the Sutherland Pipes and Drums unique amongst other bands that exist in the south east of England... these decisions included;
•That we would not perform in competitions, but instead promote the sound of the pipes and drums to the public and to train our pipers and drummers with a view to strengthening this vision.
•That the band’s March Past (regimental band tune) would be ‘The Heights of Cassino’ written by Pipe Major Dan Macrae during his military career when he was the Pipe Major of the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders at the Battle of Monte Cassino during the Second World War.
•That we would base our principles on military bands, including the style of playing, drill and our uniform.
•And that we would wear the 42nd Argyll and Sutherland tartan (commonly known as the Black Watch) and the Sutherland Clan badge and in doing so, request permission from the countess of Sutherland and Lord Lyon of Arms (Scotland). Permission was sought and granted and formed the basis of our band name ‘The Sutherland Pipes and drums’.
These decisions and the permission gained from the Countess are the basis of the Sutherland Pipes and Drums style and deportment and the band continues to strengthen and evolve as time moves on. We now have a band with a diverse range of people from many different backgrounds, male and female, who are a credit to our sound and presentation.
Over the years, we have played in countries across Europe promoting the UK at trade fairs and ceremonial events. We have played
for members of our Royal family at celebrations such as the anniversary of the liberation of Brussels in 1994. As well as Armistice parades, fetes, carnivals, military tattoos the band also has the pleasure of playing at weddings , Burns nights and other formal and informal dinners and dances.
As well as our vision to continually improve our hard work to develop our repertoire of tunes and displays, the members of the band are a social network of like minded friends who enjoy each other’s company and regularly meet on a social as well as professional level.
The Sutherland Pipes and Drums continue to welcome new members into their ranks and are as proud today as they were in 1965
to wear the uniform and display the crest of the Sutherland Clan..Its motto ‘Sans Peur’ which translates to ‘Without Fear’ is known
and adopted by each band member. Although we do not go into battle, we strive to adopt the proud traditions of the Scots Guards by presenting ourselves with professionalism and excellence when we turn out to play in front of the Great British, and indeed the European public.
Copyright Sutherland Pipes and Drums 2014, Corringham, Essex | history |
https://2019-2020.joululinntartu.ee/en/declaration-of-christmas-peace/ | 2023-09-26T03:27:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510130.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926011608-20230926041608-00465.warc.gz | 0.958072 | 246 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__222068326 | en | Declaration of Christmas peace
Midday – Declaration of Christmas peace
Declaring Christmas peace is one of the loveliest and oldest Scandinavian Christmas traditions.
It dates back to the 17th century, to the rule of Sweden’s Queen Christina, when a special peace was declared even during the saddest and darkest of situations. The peace was usually declared by the mayor or town secretary during the first few minutes before and after noon on Christmas Eve. In Estonia, the custom was reinstated upon regaining independence.
In Tartu, Christmas peace is declared at 12:00 on 24 December by Mayor Urmas Klaas and Joel Luhamets, the bishop of the southern region of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church on Town Hall Square.
Santa Jolle and his dear wife Asti will be assisting them on Town Hall Square during this busy day.
Spirits will be kept high by Wind Orchestra Tartu, led by conductor Margus Kasemaa.
Maitseelamuse Koda will be lighting their cooking fires and offering always delicious Christmas soup at 11:00 in the Village of Light.
We very much look forward to seeing you there! Happy holidays! | history |
http://www.jmfuchs.com/wedding/events.html | 2021-02-25T21:25:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178355937.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225211435-20210226001435-00221.warc.gz | 0.930116 | 163 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__10252259 | en | The Rehearsal Dinner will be held Friday night, December 9, 2005 at 7:30 PM. Dinner will be at the historic site of the old Central Firehouse in Bloomington, now known as Central Station Cafe.
Central Station Cafe
220 East Front Street
Bloomington, IL 61701
Two bridal showers have been thrown for Sammi during the month of November. On November 12th, Jen Dawson & Theresa Kotte hosted a party at the Kotte home in Hudson. On November 19th Amy Cottongim, Elise Dawson & Joy Dawson hosted a party at Maggiano's in Oak Brook. We would like to thank those that were able to attend the showers, and extend a special thank you to the hostesses for creating such a warm and fun atmosphere. | history |
http://hexratedpodcast.com/uncoven-issue-20 | 2022-05-17T23:40:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662520936.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517225809-20220518015809-00151.warc.gz | 0.936917 | 1,821 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__4463180 | en | Alright y’all lovely witches, we’re taking it back a bit, back to my original column in the newsletter, back to the runes. Lately I’ve been busy being a working mother of two beautiful nearly ten month old baby girls and my practice has slipped through my fingers a bit. I know, you’re like Lily, get your shit together. I’m trying! So to begin this journey of getting my magical shit back together, I’m going back to the runes, back to where my spiritual journey didn’t begin, but where it began to solidify in my adulthood.
Fuck, wait. Adulthood? Damnit, y’all. As my mother pointed out the other day, I’m now a nearly 30 year old mother of two with a mortgage and multiple retirement funds. When the fuck did that happen?
As many do, on my runic journey so to speak, I started off reading Ralph Blum’s Book of Runes, a book I wouldn’t really recommend these days as the text left me unsatisfied. I wanted more. Where did the runes come from? Who used them? How do we know their meanings? In my research I was led then to the history of the European runes and to the rune poems.
If y’all have listened to me rant and rave before then you know that the Elder Futhark is the oldest of the rune alphabets and can be found on artifacts dating from the 2nd to the 8th century. The futhark consists of 24 letters often broken up into three sets of eight called Aetts- old Norse for Clan (Byock) and is thought to have originated from Old Italic scripts: maybe Etruscan or Latin. Some early estimates put the Futhark at 100 BCE while late estimates theorize that the Futhark was developed around 100 CE. Scholars believe the Elder Futhark was created by one person or a small group of people who came into contact with the Roman army. It is generally agreed that the Futhark was developed directly due to Roman influence. One theory suggests the alphabet was created by the Goths (“Britannica”).
A small note: The Viking age in Europe lasted from the late 8th century into the 11th century. The Elder Futhark pre-dates this era.
So if we aren’t 100% sure on the origins of the futhark, what do we know? Well, we think we know the order of the Elder Futhark thanks to the Kylver Stone, a flat limestone dating to the 5th century which was found in 1903 near a farm in Kylver, Gotland, Sweden during the excavation of a cemetery. The stone was originally found laying down, as it had been used to seal a grave, and when flipped was found to be inscribed with the (we think?) complete Elder Futhark (“Britannica”).
The runes are also discussed in the Poetic Eddas, specifically in the Hovamol, a gnomic collection of poems, where Odin explains how he gained knowledge of the runes. Stanzas 139-146 are the Runatal, Odin’s Rune Song. Henry Adam Bellows believed parts of this poem to be remnants of an ancient oral tradition, but the only surviving copy is in the 13th century Codex Regius.
Below is Odin’s description of his trial to gain knowledge of the runes.
“I ween I hung on the windy tree,
Hung there for nights full nine;
With the spear I was wounded, and offered I was
To Othin, mysef to myself,
On the tree that none may ever know
What root beneath it runs.
None made me happy with loaf or horn,
And there below I looked;
I took up the runes, shrieking I took them,
And forthwith back I fell.” (Bellows)
Now what really struck me during my research is that there is currently no evidence to conclusively suggest that the runes were ever used for divination. During the Sigrdrifumol in which Brynhild the Valkyrie is found by the hero Sigurth, she teaches Sigurth the magic runes (Bellows). So clearly the runes were thought to have magical uses, but are not attested as having divinatory uses.
Sigrdrifumol stanzas 6-12
“Winning-runes learn, if thou longest to win,
And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
Some on the furrow, and some on the flat,
And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.
Ale-runes learn, that with lies the wife
Of another betray not thy trust;
On the horn thou shalt write, and the backs of thy hands,
And Need shalt mark on thy nails.
Thou shalt bless the draught, and danger escape,
And cast a leek in the cup;
(For so I know thou never shalt see Thy mead with evil mixed.)
Wave-runes learn, if well thou wouldst shelter
The sail-steeds out on the sea;
On the stem shalt thou write, and the steering blade,
And burn them into the oars;
Though high be the breakers, and black the waves,
Thou shalt safe the harbor seek.
Birth-runes learn, if help thou wilt lend,
The babe from the mother to bring;
On thy palms shalt write them, and round thy joints,
And ask the fates to aid.
Branch-runes learn, if a healer wouldst be,
And cure for wounds wouldst work;
On the bark shalt thou write, and on trees that be
With boughs to the eastward bent.
Speech-runes learn, that none may seek
To answer harm with hate;
Well he winds and weaves them all,
And sets them side by side,
At the judgment-place, when justice there
The folk shall fairly win.
Thought-runes learn, if all shall think
Thou art keenest minded of men.” (Bellows)
So the runes for divination seem, to me, to be a pretty modern concept. The Futhark originally was an esoteric alphabet.
Oh, did I mention we don’t know the names of the Elder Futhark? WELL WE DON’T. OR. WE KINDA DO? The rune names of the Elder Futhark have been lost, but scholars have reconstructed the names based on attestations in the three runic poems which contain the younger rune alphabets (Anglo-Saxon Futhorc 5th-12th Century CE and the Younger Futhark 9th-12th Century CE). Now, that doesn’t means researchers are pulling shit outta their asses (I think), they have meticulously reconstructed the names we know the runes by today from these younger futharks as well as the gothic alphabet.
The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc and Younger Futhark are preserved in three poems: the Norwegian Poem, the Icelandic Poem, and the Anglo-Saxon Poem and are theorized to have been mnemonic devices to remember not only the rune names, but culturally important information (Acker).
If you’re setting off on a runic journey, I strongly encourage you to read these poems yourself and meditate on the runes. By exploring these poems I crafted my own meaning for the runes of the Elder Futhark. Because I’m not a scholar and I’m allowed to make shit up (I’m not really making it up) as long as I don’t try to pass it off as fakelore.
Because fakelore is bullshit. Literally.
Acker, Paul. Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse. Routledge, 1998. Print.
Bellows, Henry Adams. The Poetic Edda: The Heroic Poems. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2007. Print.
Byock, Jesse L. Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas. San Bernardino, CA: Jules William, 2013. Print.
“Kylver Stone | Runic Stone, Sweden.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
“Runic Alphabet | Writing System.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. | history |
http://wjlcompanies.com/about-wjl/ | 2016-05-31T21:43:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464053209501.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524012649-00132-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.900371 | 100 | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-22__0__12767525 | en | WJL Companies is owned and operated by local St. Louis entrepreneur William J. Liebermann. Focusing primarily on the South City area, WJL Companies works to transform historical buildings that might otherwise be forgotten. Upon renovation, we work to maintain the unique character that Cherokee Street beholds by aiming toward people that reflect and enhance this great neighborhood.
Please fill out this form to contact us about any of our posted properties.
1105 Buck Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63117 | history |
http://golffrontier.com/People/US/FL/Arnold_Palmer.aspx?RelPage=6 | 2020-08-15T08:39:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439740733.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200815065105-20200815095105-00066.warc.gz | 0.98337 | 245 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__17031585 | en | Arnold Daniel Palmer (born September 10, 1929) is an American golfer who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of men's professional golf. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed "The King," he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer because he was the first star of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. Palmer has had a diverse golf related business career including owning "Arnold Palmer's Bay Hill Club and Lodge", which is the venue for the PGA Tour's Arnold Palmer Invitational (renamed from the Bay Hill Invitational effective 2007), helping to found The Golf Channel, and negotiating the deal to build the first golf course in the People's Republic of China. This led to the formation of Palmer Course Design in 1972, which was renamed Arnold Palmer Design Company when the company moved to Orlando Florida in 2006. Since 1971 he has owned Latrobe Country Club, where his father used to be the club professional. Palmer's ability to win with boldness and charisma was the single biggest factor in the game's explosive growth after 1960. | history |
https://defence.nt.gov.au/community | 2021-05-16T04:48:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989690.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210516044552-20210516074552-00616.warc.gz | 0.953363 | 586 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__147957541 | en | The Territory offers a dynamic and progressive culture and contemporary tropical lifestyle in Northern Australia, the gateway to Asia.
Darwin is a modern city with amenities, activities and entertainment comparable to larger Australian cities.
To find out more about living and working in the Territory, including information on health and education facilities, housing, job opportunities and travelling to and from the Territory, go to The Territory website.
The Australian Defence Force has a long and respected history in the Northern Territory. Defence personnel and their families are welcomed in the Territory and have a supportive presence from Defence Families Australia. For more information go to the Defence Community Hub website.
Victory in the Pacific Day, also referred to as VJ (Victory over Japan) Day, commemorates Japan’s unconditional surrender to the allies on 15 August 1945. For Australians, it meant that the Second World War was finally over. While Victory in Europe was declared in May 1945, fighting in the Pacific region continued until August 1945. The Territory was a vital asset in the defence against the Japanese in World War II (WWII) and Darwin was the target of more than 64 air raids from 19 February 1942 to November 1943. More than 17,000 Australians lost their lives in the war against Japan.
As a result of the prolonged conflict, there are many incredible heritage sites in and around Darwin, and indeed through the Territory, including ammunition bunkers, gun emplacements, airfields, oil storage tunnels, explosives stores and watch towers.
Darwin and the northern half of the Northern Territory were at the front-line during WWII - particularly the bombing of Darwin during the Battle for Northern Australia. As a strategic allied military base, Darwin was the target of Japanese air raids in February 1942, with more bombs dropped on the city than on Pearl Harbor. Savage air raids continued to rain across the Top End during WWII, leading to a repositioning of armed forces in the Darwin region. This was the first attack by a foreign power on the mainland of Australia. Victory in the Pacific marked the end to the Territory’s involvement in WWII. This video provides an overview of the events that took place.
The Northern Territory played a significant role in the lead up to the Victory in the Pacific. An education package has been created to provide an understanding of the Territory’s involvement in WWII and the sacrifices residents of the Top End endured during these times. For information regarding the educational package please call Defence and Veterans Engagement on 08 8999 7520.
Veteran support organisations and services in the Northern Territory include:
3 Tybell Street
Winnellie NT 0820
Phone: 08 8935 7900
Unit 1 Winnellie Central
Corner Hickman Street and Winnellie Road
Winnellie NT 0820
Phone: 1800 011 046
135 Bees Creek Road
Bees Creek NT 0822 | history |
https://ec2-18-219-24-49.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com/podcasts/how-historys-mistakes-guide-todays-leaders | 2023-01-31T17:48:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499888.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131154832-20230131184832-00514.warc.gz | 0.965167 | 115 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__208117288 | en | An administration tends to take on the coloration of the character of the leader.
Historian Jon Meacham has written extensively about the presidency, with acclaimed books on Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Franklin Roosevelt, and most recently, George H. W. Bush. What does his research into these presidents suggest about the nature of the office? What might we learn from the past about the current state of politics, the White House, and perhaps more broadly, democracy in America? He speaks with John Dickerson, co-host of "CBS This Morning." | history |
https://ctnursinghomeabuse.com/on-this-day-in-2001-the-patriot-act-went-into-effect-the-patriot-act-signifi/ | 2020-05-29T03:02:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347401260.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529023731-20200529053731-00386.warc.gz | 0.967741 | 132 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__75162072 | en | On this day in 2001, the Patriot Act went into effect. 🇺🇸
The Patriot Act significantly increased the surveillance and search powers of federal intelligence agencies and law enforcement.
Many find the Patriot Act to be controversial. Some appreciate the added security that the Patriot Act is meant to establish following the events of September 11th. However, many feel that the Patriot Act infringes on the rights of American citizens.
What do you think of the Patriot Act? Talk with an elderly loved one today to learn what they think. Your grandparents and other elderly loved ones have seen many changes in this country. What do they think of this one? | history |
https://www.lakedillontheatre.org/about-us/ | 2022-11-30T07:56:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710733.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130060525-20221130090525-00709.warc.gz | 0.95501 | 261 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__123180558 | en | Incorporated March 10, 1993, the Lake Dillon Theatre Company (LDTC) was founded to raise funds for a capital expansion project for the Lake Dillon Amphitheater and subsequently produce a free summer concert series now known as the Sunset at the Summit Concert Series. After a successful capital campaign, the organization expanded to include a chamber concert series, a youth educational series now called the Youth Theatre Workshop, and an amateur theater company now operating as a professional, regional theatre.
In 1995, the LDTC moved into an historic building built in 1899 that once served as Dillon Town Hall. The LDTC added a lobby, a workshop, and lighting booth. In 2002, the LDTC hired its first full-time employee, an Artistic/Executive Director. Fundraising efforts in 2003 enabled the company to expand its lobby and lighting booth, upgrade audience bathroom facilities, and add office space, a dressing room and a green room.
In the last decade, the LDTC has grown from a seasonal community theatre to a financially and artistically successful year-round professional theatre company. The LDTC season pass holder and donor bases increased almost 500% from 2006 to 2014. Through ongoing partnerships with The Summit Foundation, the LDTC is the most visible and patronized year round arts organization in Summit County. | history |
https://www3.webseriesclub.com/2022/02/pawankhind-marathi-movie-download/ | 2022-07-03T00:05:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104205534.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702222819-20220703012819-00682.warc.gz | 0.941498 | 315 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__21156672 | en | Movie Name: Pavankhind
Directed By: Digpal Lanjekar
Release Date: 18 February 2022
Size: 400 Mb
Pawankhind is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language historical drama film directed by Digpal Lanjekar and produced under the banner of Almonds Creations in association with A A Films. The film based on the life of Maratha warrior, Baji Prabhu Deshpande, stars Chinmay Mandlekar, Mrinal Kulkarni, Ajay Purkar, Sameer Dharmadhikari, along with Ankit Mohan, Prajakta Mali and Kshitee Jog in supporting roles. Pawankhind – Wikipedia
The film, which was delayed due to the pandemic, is based on one of the most famous incidents from Maratha history – the Battle of Pavan Khind.
At the outset, the makers make it clear that this is not a complete documentation of the battle, its prelude or aftermath, but a cinematic recreation meant to showcase the bravery of the Marathas involved in this battle. So, there are cinematic liberties taken in this retelling, but the crux of the story is maintained.
The story about the Battle of Pavan Khind (earlier known as Ghod Khind) and the bravery displayed by Bajiprabhu Deshpande and the Bandal army of 600 against the Siddhi Masud and the soldiers of the Adilshahi Sultanate is well known across Maharashtra. | history |
https://www.360internationalblog.com/2023/02/14/marvel-and-football-run-the-world/ | 2023-09-28T00:37:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510334.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927235044-20230928025044-00748.warc.gz | 0.96745 | 545 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__271610910 | en | Kids wear Marvel clothes. Adults wear football shirts.
Arsenal and Liverpool are the most popular teams here in Thailand; their shirts are everywhere. The presence of Marvel is also seen here; kids tend to love Spider-Man and Captain America. Being here reinforced to me how big and popular these brands are. They’re seen on billboards and in advertisements, and their products are sold at markets. As a huge fan of both, I’ve been lucky enough to pick up some football jerseys at the local markets. But I’m still on the lookout for a Spider-Man tracksuit…… hahaha ?
The love for the Premier League is enforced by the TV in the corner of our workplace. Our friend Tee is a Chelsea fan; his favourite player is Drogba, so he’s had Drogba highlights running for the last three weeks
Ayutthaya and Wat Muang
Last weekend, I had the opportunity to visit Ayutthaya, a city in Thailand with a rich cultural heritage. I was particularly excited to visit Wat Muang, one of the largest temples in the country and home to the world’s tallest statue of a sitting Buddha.
As I arrived in Ayutthaya, I was struck by the city’s ancient architecture and beautiful temples. The city was the former capital of the Kingdom of Siam and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site. I quickly made my way to Wat Muang, which is located about 30 kilometers from the city center.
As I approached the temple, I was in awe of the enormous statue of the sitting Buddha, which stands over 92 meters tall. It was truly a sight to behold, and I was grateful for the opportunity to see such a magnificent work of art. I spent some time exploring the temple grounds, admiring the intricate carvings and beautiful gardens.
After my visit to Wat Muang, I returned to the city center to explore some of Ayutthaya’s other temples and historical sites. I visited Wat Phra Si Sanphet, which was the holiest temple in the city during the reign of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. I also saw the iconic Buddha head entwined in tree roots at Wat Mahathat, which is one of the most photographed sites in Ayutthaya.
Overall, my trip to Ayutthaya and Wat Muang was a wonderful experience. I was able to learn more about the history and culture of Thailand, and I was amazed by the beautiful temples and statues that I saw. I would highly recommend this trip to anyone who is interested in exploring the country’s rich cultural heritage. | history |
http://lakeerieislandswildlife.com/about-2/ | 2019-03-24T09:45:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203409.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324083551-20190324105551-00270.warc.gz | 0.976588 | 238 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__10520301 | en | The Lake Erie Islands Nature & Wildlife Center was started by Stan and Joanna Wulkowicz who were school teachers in Anchorage, Alaska for many years. Stan taught biology and was an avid hunter who took up taxidermy as a hobby. He used his stuffed animals in his classroom to teach the students about Alaskan wildlife. Over time his collection of Alaskan birds and other wildlife grew. In retirement, Stan and Joanna decided to return to Put-in-Bay, where Stan had grown up, to build a wildlife museum. The Alaskan Birdhouse Museum opened in 1993 and was a favorite destination for both the local community and school groups. The museum closed in 2003 and the Wulkowicz’s generously offered to donate the museum and its contents if the LEIC-BSC would be willing to purchase and preserve the wooded portion of the property. The Lake Erie Islands chapter of the Black Swamp Conservancy and the Lake Erie Islands Historical Society joined forces to purchase the property, building, and woods in 2008. In 2012 we became an independent non-profit organization giving interpretative guided tours and doing a variety of outdoor education and outreach programs on the islands. | history |
http://mmbdconf.org/FieldVisit | 2023-02-06T13:10:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500339.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206113934-20230206143934-00739.warc.gz | 0.922343 | 405 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__186075144 | en | Tentative Schedule*09:00 Depart from Koreana Hotel
09:30-12:30 Visit Gyeongbokgung Palace
12:30-13:30 Lunch at Lotte World
14:00-16:30 Explore Namsan Mountain
16:30-17:00 Back to Koreana Hotel
*Note: the field visit will be arranged according to the prevention and control requirements for global pandemic of COVID-19 by the local government at that time.
Final confirmed schedule would be updated one month ahead of the conference dates.
Gyeongbokgung Palace- The first royal palace built during the Joseon dynasty
The Palace was named Gyeongbokgung Palace, the "Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven" in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded by King Taejo (Yi Seong-gye), when the construction of the main royal Palace was completed after the capital of the newly founded dynasty moved from Gaeseong to Seoul (then known as Hanyang). With Mount Bugaksan to its rear and Mount Namsan in the foreground, the site of Gyeongbokgung Palace was at the heart of Seoul and, indeed, deemed auspicious according to the traditional practice of geomancy. In front of Gwanghwamun Gate, the main entrance to the Palace, ran Yukjo-geori (Street of Six Ministries, today's Sejongno), home to major government offices. Along the central axis upon which Gwanghwamun Gate stood was the nucleus of the Palace, including the throne hall, council hall and king's residence. The government ministry district and main buildings of Gyeongbokgung Palace formed the heart of the capital city of Seoul and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty.
Namsan Mountain- One of the most popular ways to see Seoul's skyline | history |
http://dert2016.co.uk/ | 2019-12-16T07:13:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541318556.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20191216065654-20191216093654-00270.warc.gz | 0.975553 | 1,166 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__155139019 | en | Dancing England Rapper Tournament
The Dancing England Rapper Tournament, also referred to as DERT, is a major competition in which teams compete by performing a style of folk dance using short flexible swords referred to as rappers. The annual Tournament is organised by the Sword Dance Union.
Absolute certainty and fine detail about the origins of rapper dancing is lacking, but there is some accumulated and largely accepted information available.
Dances utilising rigid swords were in proliferation throughout Europe in the 18th century. The Rapper Dance is largely believed to have developed in England’s Northumbria. The precise date at which the dance appeared in its modern form is not known, but it believed that by the late 18th century there were dances that contained many elements of the Rapper Dance. The Rapper itself is thought to have been in use by around 1820, a flexible sword that allowed dancers to bend them and fully integrate them into their dance.
The Rapper Dance is very closely associated with the mining industry in Northumbria, and early dance teams were formed by miners, the rapper dance joining other old folk customs.
The actual dance routine is fast and involves five people. The dancers hold the rapper swords which have handles at either end, thus connecting the dancers. At the start of the routine dancers hold a sword in their right hand before taking the free handle at the end of another dancer’s sword in their left hand.
Throughout the dance the dancers remain connected to each other through the flexible swords unless it is to form a dramatic shape. The dance can be very energetic, sometimes involving somersaults or other impressive gymnastics with the dancers weaving in and out of the group whilst still holding onto the swords.
The dance can also involve energetic ‘jigging’ reminiscent of the style of traditional clog dancing in the Northumberland and Durham areas.
Dancers wear shoes with hard soles that allow them to make rhythmic noises in the same way that traditional clog or tap dancing does.
Rapper dancing is accompanied by lively, fast-paced music in the folk tradition played on traditional instruments such as the fiddle, accordion and tin whistle.
In addition to the five dancers, rapper dances can also involve the use of two other characters, traditionally known as ‘Betty’ and ‘Tommy’, who interact with the audience and are usually played by someone of the opposite gender to the character.
Because of the close formation the dancers keep, rapper dancing is very suited to indoor venues such as public houses, although rapper dancing is also to be seen in outside settings at events with other traditional dancing such as Morris.
Today’s rappers are tailor-made for the purpose of the dance. In earlier times miners would fashion rappers from old mining tools, saws or other implements as they could not afford to have them specially made.
The rapper is a short length of flattened flexible steel with a wooden handle at either end. These handles rotate to assist the dancers in performing their complex dance moves without letting go of the handles they hold which would break the physical connection between them.
Whilst the rapper ‘sword’ is in reality a piece of unsharpened flexible steel, because of the hectic pace and energetic movements involved in the dance there still remains an element of risk. Rapper dancers need to be extremely agile and perform with precision and accurate timing in order to avoid potential injury.
Traditionally, rapper dancers were miners and therefore they were not wealthy enough to be able to afford to have special costumes made. They wore white shirts and knee-length working trousers known as ‘hoggers’. Ribbons and other decorative materials were attached to the shirts and a sash of a brightly coloured material was usually worn around the waist. This is the costume that has now been largely adopted for modern rapper dancing.
The use of different coloured decorative materials allows a rapper dance team to create its own variant of the accepted modern day costume.
In the nineteenth century rapper dance groups would visit the towns of Durham, Sunderland and Newcastle Upon Tyne where they would perform for the public, sometimes asking for monetary reward. By the early twentieth century rapper dancing had become a rarity but it became a way of supplementing income during the strikes and redundancies of the Great Depression during the 1930s.
After World War I rapper dancing saw a revival with the villages where mining pits were located competing with each other in rapper dance contests that were part of the North of England Musical Tournament in Newcastle Upon Tyne. Following World War II the tradition went into another decline until it was revived by students of what is now the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne. From there the rapper dance moved beyond the local area and steadily grew in popularity.
The annual Dance England Rapper Tournament attracts visitors from around the world and is held across the country at a different location each year.
There is also a Dance America Rapper Tournament, based upon DERT, with the first having been held in Boston in 2010.
Rapper dancing has enjoyed a renaissance over the past few decades and it is now performed across the world. As a traditional form of folk dance Rapper dancing has become firmly based in the world of folk arts.
Although rapper dances were traditionally performed by male miners, there are now a number of teams consisting of female dancers.
With its lively music and intricate and demanding physical movement, rapper dancing continues to draw audiences across the world. A familiar event at many folk and other festivals, rapper dancing is firmly placed in the folk scene. It is as relevant as other traditional dance forms such as Morris, recalling an age long past and living through dedicated exponents who keep its rich heritage alive. | history |
http://www.roamingpirates.com/top-10-things-to-do-in-udaipur/ | 2019-04-22T04:58:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578534596.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422035654-20190422061544-00076.warc.gz | 0.938998 | 2,854 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__13488134 | en | Top 10 Things To Do In Udaipur – The City of Lakes
Udaipur, also known as the ‘Venice of East’, is a beautiful city of lakes in the state of Rajasthan. The shimmering waters of huge lakes surrounded by majestic Aravalli Hills with sunset at the backdrops make Udaipur an ultimate romantic destination. The city is like an oasis on the dry heart of Rajasthan. The scenic beauty and romantic settings of the city makes it a heaven for movie shooting. Udaipur has attracted many movie directors over a period of time. A lot of Hindi and English movies have been shot here including Guide, Mera Saaya, Octopussy, Dhamaal, Ram-Leela and Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani. Being the historical capital of the Kingdom of Mewar, the city has a rich history and culture. The magnificent Rajput-era palaces narrate the tales of bravery and grandeur. Rajasthan is known for its hospitality and Udaipur is no exception. The unmatched royal treatment, heart-warming hospitality and the old-world feel of its heritage hotels will make you feel like a king. Whether you take a thrilling motor boat ride on the restless waters of the vast lakes, or enjoy the tranquil camel ride along the waterfront area, or explore its glorious fort palaces and bustling colourful markets, Udaipur gives you a very promising experience. If you have ample time on your holiday, explore the city at your own pace and you will discover a lot of hidden gems. For your small time-bound trips, here is a list of the 10 must-visit places in Udaipur.
1. City Palace
The City Palace of Udaipur is the personification of magnificence and grandeur. It is a colossal complex of 11 palaces, courtyards, pavilions, and gardens that are skilfully interlinked through numerous quadrangles and zigzag corridors. This was done to avoid surprise enemy attacks. The palace was originally built by Maharana Udai Singh II in 1559, and then by his successors over a period of 400 years. The entire complex belongs to the Mewar royal family and a part of it is still a home to them. Built on an uneven hill on the east bank of Lake Pichola, the palace offers a breath-taking view of the city and its important landmarks. City Palace is a beautiful museum that gives you an insight into the royal lifestyle of the kings. Admire the royal dresses, silver utensils, silver jewellery, antique weapons, intriguing artefacts and descriptive paintings of the palace that will transport you to a fascinating imperial era of the Rajput Dynasty. Massive entry gates, wooden carved doors, stain glass windows, intricate peacock mosaics, delicate mirror work and splendid stone carvings of the palace exhibit a rich blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture. Walk through the galleries displaying the statue of much revered king and warrior, Maharana Pratap, his sword and other belongings, as well as the paintings displaying the battle of Haldi Ghati. Hiring a guide at the City Palace is advisable. Lastly, do not miss the one hour light and sound show that takes place every evening at the City Palace. The show describes the regal history of Mewar.
2. Monsoon Palace
The ‘Monsoon Palace’ or the ‘Sajjangarh Palace’ is a hilltop palace. Located at a distance of 10 kilometre from Udaipur city, it is perched on top of the Basandra Mountain Peak at about 944-metre above the sea level. Built in the 19th century by the 72nd ruler of Mewar, Maharana Sajjan Singh, the palace had an astronomical purpose to watch the progress of monsoon clouds. It was also used as a summer retreat and a hunting lodge for Mewar kings. Being the highest palace in Udaipur, it offers spectacular panoramic views of the city and the magnificent lake Pichola. The sunset view from the terraces of Sajjangarh Palace is a sight to behold.
3. Nehru Park
Nehru Park is a beautiful island garden situated in the middle of Fateh Sagar Lake. Enjoy a refreshing motorboat ride on the blue waters of the lake to reach the picturesque park. Spend your leisure time exploring the park’s beautiful garden with a lily pond, a small zoo and a pyramid shaped water jet fountain. Check out the Udaipur’s Solar Observatory situated on the Island. Wear the traditional dress of Rajasthan and get yourself clicked at a minimal cost. Dine at the boat shaped cafe near the park and taste some local cuisines. Get a panoramic view of the spectacular Aravalli hills and click lots of pictures. Or simply sit and relax by the lake side and enjoy the tranquility of the place.
4. Jag Mandir Palace
‘Jag Mandir’, also known as the ‘Lake Garden Palace’ is a magnificent piece of architecture. It is a 17th century palace situated amid the grand Lake Pichola. The credit for the construction of this captivating palace goes to the three Maharanas of Mewar Kingdom – Maharana Amar Singh, Maharana Karan Singh and Maharana Jagat Singh. Jag Mandir Palace was used as a summer resort for the royal family. Currently, lavish parties are hosted here by the current Maharana, and the place is also rented for private parties. Explore the various sections of the palace where royalty once resided. Each of them tell fascinating tales of antiquity. The beautiful Islamic architecture of ‘Gul Mahal’ catches the major attention. This was tastefully built by Maharana Karan Singh to provide refuge to the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and his family for several years. The floor of the courtyard is covered with black and white tiles, fountains, water pools and crisscross walkways. There is a ‘Barah Patharon Ka Mahal’ or the palace of twelve stones that was constructed out of twelve solid marble slabs. ‘Zenana Mahal’ is a cluster of chambers that was once dedicated to the royal ladies. ‘Kunwar Pada Ka Mahal’ was meant for the Crown Prince of the kingdom. Venture into the beautiful gardens of Jag Mandir adorned with moss rose, jasmine, frangipani, bougainvillea and huge palm trees. Another awe-inspiring attraction is the eight life-sized elephants carved in white marble facing the lake, giving an impression of guarding the palace. Also, dine at the Darikhana Restaurant and treat your taste buds with some lip smacking flavours of Rajasthan. With its historical significance and supreme beauty, Jag Mandir Palace is a must-visit.
Saheliyon-Ki-Bari or the ‘Garden of the Maidens’ is a beautiful garden located on the banks of Fateh Sagar Lake. It was built in the 18th century by Maharana Sangram Singh as a gift to his beloved queen and her 48 maid attendants who accompanied her as a part of the dowry. The queen and her maid attendants used to spend their leisure time here. The garden is a remarkable work of architecture. Embellished with delightful lotus pool, flowerbeds, bird fountains, lush green lawns, mighty marble elephants and kiosks, it offers a romantic ambience and a green retreat amid the dry land of Rajasthan. The main attraction of Saheliyon-Ki-Bari is the intriguing rain fountain called ‘Bin Badal Barsaat’ or ‘Rain Without Clouds’ that was built by Maharana Bhupal Singh for his favourite daughter. Its rain-like showers run without electricity. The garden also has a historical significance with its museum exhibiting huge collections of royal households and ancient pictures.
6. ‘Bangore Ki Haveli’ Museum
‘Bangore Ki Haveli’ is a historic building transformed into a museum. Built in the 18th century by the chief minister of Mewar, the haveli stands proudly at the Gangaur Ghat of Lake Pichola. There are more than hundred rooms that exhibit the rich culture and history of Mewar. Venture into the huge courtyards, decorated archways, well-arranged balconies and Jharokhas, artistic cupolas and a unique fountain. Explore the private quarters of the royal ladies, their living rooms, dressing rooms, worship rooms and so on. Admire the mural paintings, mirror work and the glass inlay work used to decorate the haveli. Trace the royal lifestyle of the kings with an amusing display of their exclusive stuff such as, dice-games, jewellery boxes, hookahs, pan boxes, copper vessels etc. Bangore Ki Haveli is also a cultural centre. In the evening, you can enjoy various cultural performances like, Puppet Show and Rajasthani folk dances with traditional music. It is a perfect place to discover the depths of royal culture of Mewar.
7. Vintage Car Museum
The elite lifestyle of the royal family is opulently displayed in their collection of rare vehicles at the Vintage Car Museum in Udaipur. The museum houses around 22 antique vehicles including luxury cars, convertibles and solar rickshaws. The rare collection of the museum includes Rolls Royce, 1939 Cadillac open convertibles, 1936 Vauxhall and rare Mercedes models. Although most of these cars are over seventy years old, they are well maintained and still in working condition. Some of them are still used by the royal family of Udaipur who own the museum. This place is a car-lover’s paradise. Take a 45-minute tour of the museum and click your favourite memories. For a grand overall experience, dine at the Garden hotel restaurant and enjoy the sumptuous vegetarian Rajasthani thali.
8. Khumbalgarh Fort
Khumbalgarh Fort is the second important fort of the Mewar Dynasty after Chittaurgarh. Situated on a hilltop at around 1100-metres above the sea level on the Aravalli range, this fort is a must visit for history lovers. Khumbalgarh, in its current form, was built in the 15th century by Maharana Khumba, who was the father of the great warrior of Mewar, Maharana Pratap. This fort is also the birth place of Maharana Pratap. The grand structure includes seven massive gates, seven barricades, huge watch towers, grand cannons, numerous palaces and gardens, and over 360 Hindu and Jain temples. There is a most notable ‘Lakhola Tank’ inside the fort which is 60 ft. deep. The tank was once used for purified water storage. You will be amazed to discover the ancient water purification procedures. Kumbalgarh has 36-kilometer extended perimeter wall also known as the ‘The Great Wall of India’. It is the second longest wall in the world after ‘The Great Wall of China’. Discover the beautiful palace at the top of the fort, also known as ‘Badal Mahal’ or the palace of cloud that offers the panoramic view of the down town. Admire the captivating colour combinations of its lovely rooms. Spend a pleasurable evening exploring the ancient remnants of the royal era of Mewar. Hiring a guide is recommended.
9. Eklingji Shiva Temple
Eklingji is a famous Hindu temple complex located in the town of Kailashpuri. The origin of the temple dates to 734 A.D. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva, the ruling deity of Mewar. The complex includes 108 temples made of marble and granite. Lord Shiva is worshipped here in the form of five-faced lingam made of black marble. The five faces depict five forms of Lord Shiva – East-facing part is Lord Surya, West-facing Lord Brahma, North-facing Lord Vishnu, South-facing Lord Rudra and the upraised top is Sadashiva with Amba, his wife. This place is revered as the spiritual capital of Mewar. Eklingji is also famous for its magnificent architecture. Check out the pyramidal style roofs, distinctively carved towers, huge pillared halls, heavy silver doors and carvings done on the walls. You will also find some damaged sculptors of the deities that are the remains of the damage done during Aurangzeb’s rule. Overall, the temple provides a spiritual as well as an aesthetic experience.
10. Ranakpur Jain Temple
Located at a distance of 95 kilometers in the north of Udaipur city, Ranakpur Jain temple is an awe-inspiring grand structure of the 15th century. It is dedicated to Adinath, the first Tirthankar of the Jains. Constructed in light-coloured marble, it covers an area of 48000 sq. feet with more than 1400 exquisitely carved huge pillars supporting the temple. The splendid architecture of the temple is a masterpiece. Check out the geometric patterns on the ceilings, engraved windows, elevated spires, foliate scrollwork, huge elephant structures, two massive bells – each weighing around 108 kilograms, engraved nymphs playing the flute, and figure of Lord Surya driven in his seven-horsed chariot. This artistic temple with its religious significance and appealing beauty is a must-visit place in Udaipur. | history |
https://gunner777.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/sw-model-27-357-magnum/ | 2017-04-24T13:13:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119361.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00313-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.978739 | 964 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__34775252 | en | S&W Model 27 357 Magnum
November 12, 2007
S&W Model 27 8 3/8th inch barrel made in 1958
The S&W Model 27 is the original .357 Magnum revolver and was first produced in 1935; production ceased in the 1990s. The Model 27 was built on Smith and Wesson’s carbon steel, large N-frame and was available with 3 1/2″, 4″, 5″, 6″ or 8 3/8″ barrel lengths and had adjustable sights. The model 27 came about from the 38/44 Outdoorsman which was an N frame chambered in the 38HV round. This round was a 38 loaded to maximum pressure and was to powerful for the K frame so S&W chambered the N frame for the round. Later the 38 case was lengthened to prevent it from being chambered in a K frame chambered in 38 special. Thus the 357 was born.
When first introduced by Smith and Wesson in 1935 it was known as the .357 Registered Magnum. The model was essentially a custom order revolver. Barrel lengths could be had in quarter inch increments from 3.5″ to 8.75″ in length. In addition to the different length of barrels available there were different grips, front sites, triggers, hammers and finishes available. Each Registered Magnum came with a certificate of authenticity.
Even though it was introduced in the middle of the Great Depression, and was extremely expensive at $60 to $65 a great sum at that time. Smith and Wesson found itself backlogged with orders for the four years that it produced the Registered Magnum. The Kansas City Police Department issued the Registered Magnum to its officers and many other law enforcement officers across the United States carried the Registered Magnum. In 1939 S&W stopped producing the Registered Magnum. It was replaced with the .357 Magnum. The .357 magnum was available with barrels lengths of 3.5″, 5″, 6.5″ and 8 3/8″. It has been reported that these were the most popular barrel lengths for the Registered Magnum. Essentially the .357 magnum (the ancestor of the Model 27) was still the Registered Magnum, but standardized for ease of production and economy.
It was noted for its durability and reliability. The 3 1/2″ barrel length was extremely popular with FBI agents in the 1940s through the 1960s. Skeeter Skelton considered the Model 27 with a 5″ barrel as the best all around handgun. General George Patton carried an ivory handled Model 27 with a 3 1/2 inch barrel (along with his ivory handled Colt Peacemaker); Patton called the Model 27 his “killing gun.”
Workmanship on this gun was of the highest standards of S&W. Much of the gun was handcrafted and had a deep blue hand polished finish which was the pinnacle of gun finishes of the time. The trigger was finely tuned and is so smooth it’s hard to believe even the best craftsman could achieve results like this. Of course all older S&W revolvers had excellent triggers but this gun surpasses even those. This 8 3/8th inch barrel version is accurate in the extreme and is such a joy to shoot especially at longer distances. With the N frame even the hottest 357 rounds are comfortable to shoot. One feature this gun has is unique to this model and that is the cross hatching on the top strap to reduce glare.
Photo Courtesy of Xavier
Overall it’s just one beautiful revolver without peer.
In later years a new model was released in order to be an economical alternative to the model 27 and that’s the model 28 Highway Patrolman. This gun was for the most part a standard N frame without all the extra features, handwork and fine bluing of the 27. This gun was intended as solely a working law enforcement gun. The most common was the 4 inch barrel.
This was a very popular law enforcement weapon for many years. Between the model 28 and the later model 19 S&W had the market all to themselves as far as law enforcement guns are concerned. In later years the model 19 became very popular and supplanted the model 28 with the exception of the devoted N frame shooters.
If you can find an older model 27 grab it since they are pretty hard to find these days. Most shooters that own one won’t part with it so there are few traded. You can find a model 28 much easier and a lot cheaper. Both guns are well worth the cost if you run across one. To me the older model 27’s are works of art but should be shot and enjoyed!
Blogged with Flock | history |
https://www.polyauction.com.hk/en/specialists/cp/ | 2020-01-21T15:04:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250604397.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121132900-20200121161900-00128.warc.gz | 0.947049 | 317 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__142599019 | en | Established in late 2012, the Classical Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy Department of Poly Auction Hong Kong was teamed up by experts of antiques and artefacts and researchers on art history and art marketing. The main service scope of the Department includes consigning, safekeeping, showcasing and researching Chinese calligraphy and paintings of the past dynasties. In the 2013 autumn auctions, several pieces broke artists’ auction records, of which Shi Qu Bao Ji and The Ten Views of the West Lake by Dong Bangda broke the record in person ink paintings by fetching a whopping HK$30.475 million. Watching Pine Trees in She Mountain, Painted for Mu Dazhan by Lu Can features 81 inscriptions from the Qing Dynasty to the Republican years and is therefore of very high historical value which provides a wealth of historiographical evidence of the communication between the Qing scholars. We have carried out a considerable amount of research and analysis and this piece of artwork was finally sold for HK$21.275 million. In 2015 autumn auctions, Qing Dynasty hand-painted scroll by Feng Ning, A Glance of Nanjing City, garnered great attention from collectors and was sold at the price of HK$51.92 million.
Holding the global Chinese vision and providing excellent services, we appraise meticulously every piece of calligraphy and painting from the Ming and Qing dynasties. We strive to create for Chinese and overseas collectors a trustworthy platform that connects to the world to satisfy their admiration for exquisite artworks.
Telephone: +852 2303 9899 | history |
http://www.theatre-centre.co.uk/the-muddy-choir--the-north-wall/ | 2019-03-26T04:17:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912204790.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190326034712-20190326060712-00018.warc.gz | 0.932613 | 346 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__65687272 | en | The Muddy Choir
The North Wall - Oxford
Monday 17th September 2018 - 8pm
Nominated for Best Play for Young Audiences, Writers Guild of Great Britain Awards 2015
It is November 1917 and the Third Battle of Ypres is lurching towards its bloody conclusion. Young soldiers Will, Robbie and Jumbo are thrust into a landscape starkly different to the playing fields and estates of their Sunderland home.
United by their childhood oath “nee killing, anly singing”, Robbie dreams their music will be a ticket away from the front, but attracting the attention of their commanding officers may prove more dangerous than bullets and gas.
The Muddy Choir tells the story of three soldiers serving with the Durham Light Infantry. Including traditional wartime songs, the play is about childhood friends growing up in unbearable circumstances and the humanising power of music.
The Centenary of the Armistice
In 2014, to mark 100 years since the outbreak of the First World War, Theatre Centre first toured The Muddy Choir to critical acclaim. Commissioned and produced by the company, it was nominated for The Best Play for Young Audiences at the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards.
In 2018 Theatre Centre will tour The Muddy Choir once more to commemorate the centenary of the Armistice.
Reviews and Feedback for The Muddy Choir (2014 - 15)
"Well-pitched for teenagers, this is a sensitive memorial to a generation of young men." – The Stage
“Thought-provoking, blackly funny and deeply moving – in fact exactly how a play about the First World War ought to be written.” – Public Reviews | history |
http://www.apreponderanceoffashion.com/fashion-law/chanel-authenticity-jewelry/ | 2022-06-28T21:48:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103617931.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628203615-20220628233615-00389.warc.gz | 0.947752 | 931 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__127550176 | en | Have you ever wondered if a vintage good was authentic? Chanel authenticity can be tricky.
Vintage pieces are particularly faked. You have to be careful which retailer or website you trust. Even Beyond the Rack sold counterfeits.
Can you decipher Chanel authenticity between double C logo brooches?
Vintage Chanel jewelry is often counterfeited because early Chanel jewelry did not include special markings or hallmarks.
You may enjoy How to Know if Your Chanel Bag is Authentic.
Quality of vintage Chanel materials
Chanel costume jewelry pieces produced between the 1970s and 1990s should be heavy. Most pieces were gold plated but started with a heavy base metal.
Chanel authenticity re trademarks and markings
Depending on the season and year that a piece was produced, the hallmarks vary. When inspecting these markings, it is important to scrutinize the font, depth, and location of the different insignias.
Before 1939, costume jewelry was exclusively manufactured to complement Chanel’s clothing line. Jewelry from this era can be especially hard to authenticate because these rare pieces were not marked.
In 1939, due to WWII, The House of Chanel stopped operations.
In 1941, a brand by the name of Chanel Novelty Company produced brooches in 1941. These pieces were stamped with a cursive “Chanel.” Coco Chanel sued them for trademark infringement and won her fashion law case. Chanel Novelty Company renamed to Reinad Novelty Company. Chanel Novelty Company accessories have their own unique beauty and craftsmanship.
In 1954, Chanel resumed business in her Parisian boutique at 31 Rue Cambon. Pieces, like Chanel brooches, were still made to coordinate with outfits. Some jewelry received hallmarks. Stamps would read CHANEL and sometimes included three stars underneath the trademark name.
During the early 1950s to 1960s, Chanel enlisted the help of Robert Goossens. Goossens’ design style includes early baroque and Byzantine styles using Gripoix glass. Gripoix glass elements are jewel-toned stones made from molten glass. The house of Gripoix is credited with being the first to develop Chanel’s signature faux pearl luster.
Hallmarks during this time often appear uneven due to early stamping techniques. Pieces from this time period are marked simply as CHANEL, usually stamped directly on the piece itself.
In the 1970s, after Chanel passing, Alain Wertheimer gained control of the company. Wertheimer stamped jewelry with a copyright, interlocking cc, registered trademark logo, and country of origin stamp.
Some pieces only have the stamped brand name and copyright symbol.
In the early 1980s, Karl Lagerfeld took over Chanel. Date of production is incorporated into the stamping. For this era you will see both Chanel with a trademark logo, copyright symbol, and the year manufactured.
Additionally, on many pieces there will be an oval shaped plaque with the brand name, copyright, trademark, and Made in France stamped differently than in periods past and future.Many pieces have a year instead of country origin. The plaque with trademark insignia was either attached directly to one of the pearls or added as a hangtag.
During the mid-1980s to 1992, Victoire de Castellane joins Chanel as Lagerfeld’s assistant. Designs from this era contain two numbers on either side of the Chanel insignia in the center of the oval logo plate fixed on jewelry. This is based on the season number, from 23-29 (between ’84 to ’89) with no reference to date.
From the early 1990s jewelry includes two-digit season numbers and letter season codes. You can interpret the season code by the following: A represents a piece from the Fall/Automne line. P represents Spring/Printemps. More current collections include C for Cruise. The letter V represents a continuous line.
In the early 2000s, Chanel began producing jewelry in Italy. Laser etching was introduced.
Presently, a Chanel jewelry piece includes an oval plate with CHANEL, the Chanel copyright and trademark, and the year and season accompanying the logo. There are minor variations.
And increasingly, pieces read MADE IN ITALY rather than MADE IN FRANCE. More of the signatures tend to be stamped or engraved on the pieces themselves, rather than on a plate attached to the piece. | history |
https://www.iastate.edu/life-at-iowa-state/history-and-traditions | 2024-04-21T18:45:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00351.warc.gz | 0.959191 | 258 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__74692561 | en | Iowa State is one of a kind
Iowa State University is a very special place, full of history. But what truly makes Iowa State unique is a rare combination of campus beauty, the opportunity to be a part of the land-grant experiment, and the progressive and inventive spirit of the Cyclone experience.
The Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm was established on March 22, 1858. In 1862, the Iowa legislature accepted the provision of the Morrill Act, which was awarded to the agricultural college in 1864. When it opened its doors in 1869, Iowa State was among the first of a new generation of distinctly American colleges built on three revolutionary ideas: College should be open to everyone, regardless of pocketbook or gender; practical subjects like agriculture, science, and engineering should be taught along with the traditional classical education; and knowledge should be shared beyond the borders of campus.
The first class (24 men and 2 women) graduated in 1872. Iowa State established the nation's first state veterinary medicine school in 1879. In 1959, the college was officially renamed Iowa State University of Science and Technology. The focus on technology has led directly to many research patents and inventions including the first binary computer, Maytag blue cheese, the round hay baler, and more. | history |
http://rap361.com/?p=13169 | 2013-05-25T05:30:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705559639/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115919-00084-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.965344 | 1,127 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__197393438 | en | The Palace of Versailles, was the de facto capital of the kingdom of France for over a century, from 1682 to 1789. On UNESCO’s World Heritage List, it is one of the most magnificent achievements of 18th century French art. It is a palace large enough to house 6,000 courtiers, a palace fit for a king, and not just any king, but Louis XIV, the ‘Sun King,’ who reigned for 72 years and whose self-glorification knew no bounds. Second only to God, and the head of an immensely powerful state, Louis XIV was an institution rather than a private individual. His comings and goings were rigidly encased in ceremony, attendance at which was an honor much sought after by courtiers. The palace site began as Louis XIII’s hunting lodge before his son transformed and expanded it, beginning in 1661. Wanting to escape the busy life in Paris, and to keep the nobility under his control, Louis XIV determined to convert it into a glittering palace. He drained swamps and moved whole forests to create 250 acres of formal gardens, tree-lined paths, flowerbeds, lakes, and fountains. And this filled only a small portion of the grounds, the entire estate covered 2,000 acres. Building Versailles required some 30,000 laborers and was so costly that it nearly wiped out the coffers of France. The main building contains grand halls and bedrooms that interior designer Charles LeBrun decorated with every ostentatious adornment imaginable. The power of France emanated from this center, there were government offices as well as the homes of thousands of courtiers, their retinues and all the attendant functionaries of court. By requiring nobles of a certain rank and position to spend time each year at Versailles, Louis prevented them from developing their own regional power at the expense of his own. Versailles served as France’s political capital and the focal point of the court from 1682 until 1789.
The Grand Apartments of the King and Queen, whose most emblematic achievement is the Hall of Mirrors designed by Mansart, where the king put on his most ostentatious display of royal power in order to impress visitors. It is a 235-foot-long drawing and ballroom lined along one side with 17 huge mirrors…fixtures that were staggeringly expensive at that time in history. In the mirrors, the courtiers could admire their own fabulously costumed selves as they danced. The mirrors were also designed to reflect the ceiling frescoes, which illustrate and pay tribute to the early years of Louis XIV’s reign. The palace’s size and opulence trumpeted his power as an absolute monarch. On the other side of the room, a row of windows opened onto vast gardens, representing the finest example of French garden design. Creating the gardens at Versailles required the genius of landscape designer André Le Nôtre, who laid out everything in formal French style. The central axis of the gardens is the mile-long Grand Canal, which is situated to reflect the setting sun. Around it spread geometric expanses of plantings, flowerbeds, paths, ponds, and lakes, not to mention fountains…1,400 of them at one time. Included is a spectacular fountain in which a horse-drawn chariot carries a triumphant Apollo, yet another reference to the glory of the Sun King. To relieve the formal design, eccentric buildings called follies were scattered here and there, as well as a grove where the courtiers danced in summertime amidst rock gardens. Marble and bronze statues are arrayed along paths and tucked into the foliage.
The construction lasted virtually until Louis XlV’s death in 1715. For the next seven years, the royal court of the young King Louis XV was the first in Paris, as he governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal. Versailles was again the unofficial capital of France from June 1722, when Louis XV returned to Versailles. Each of the three French kings who lived there until the French Revolution added improvements to make it more beautiful. In the white-and-gold baroque chapel royal, Louis XVI wed Austrian archduchess Maria Antonia (Marie Antoinette) when both were teenagers in 1770. Upon Louis XVI’s ascension to the throne in 1774, Marie-Antoinette ordered major redecoration of the Grand Apartements, the results of which are seen today. Among further palace additions were a paneled library, the clock room (where Mozart performed at age seven), and the opera, a huge oval theater illuminated by 10,000 candles.
The palace lost its standing as the official seat of power as the first scenes of the French Revolution were enacted at what had become a symbol of royal extravagance. At the behest of Louis-Philippe, who ascended to the throne in 1830, the palace is now the Museum of the History of France…tracing milestones in French history. The palace as it is known today is the symbol of royal absolutism and embodiment of classical French art…one of the most visited monuments in France and amongst the three most visited. Many wars have been settled through peace talks and treaties negotiated at Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I was signed in the Hall of Mirrors in 1919. Here’s a video. | history |
https://albanarms.com/about-us/ | 2024-04-21T17:25:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00672.warc.gz | 0.976105 | 322 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__138234764 | en | 07542 926011 [email protected]
My name is Tony Willis. May I welcome you to Alban Arms & Armour Ltd.
The business has evolved from my lifelong interest in antique arms and armour. During this time I have been drawn to antique weapons and related objects dating mainly to before the middle of the 19th century. This interest started as a collector and gradually developed into a commercial enterprise, which has been established for over 30 years, and is now one of the main purveyors of antique arms and armour in the UK. We have an established international reputation and ship all over the world. I live in the United Kingdom with my wife Frances who is my partner in this undertaking. We are privileged to work with a valued network of support service providers including leading academics and specialist shippers.
Over the years I have written and presented articles and papers on various subjects which have been published in specialist arms and armour related periodicals and journals. It has given me great satisfaction to source and place some rare artifacts with private individuals, major collections and national museums. We are proud to say that we have built long term relationships with our customers based upon mutual respect and trust. We are pleased that we continue to help people that we have known for many years to build their collections that have matured as our business has grown.
All that we have for sale is thoroughly researched and every item is guaranteed as authentic and as described. Whilst this website is primarily concerned with selling antique arms and armour, we will always be interested in hearing from you should you wish to explore selling your own collection, or individual items. | history |
https://www.eminentlyquotable.com/the-flak-only-gets-heavy-when-youre-over-the-target/ | 2023-12-08T09:40:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100739.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208081124-20231208111124-00210.warc.gz | 0.960353 | 418 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__192283468 | en | graphic © eminentlyquotable.com
“The flak only gets heavy when you’re over the target.” ~ Anonymous WWII Bomber Pilot
This phrase originated from the bomber pilots in World War II. It comes in different variations, all with the same meaning. One says, “If you’re not catching flak, you’re not over the target” while another goes “You know you are over the target when the flak is heaviest.”
This quote refers to the bomber missions during World War II. B-24 pilots flew to Germany to bomb Germany’s Nazi war machine. The German resistance didn’t start attacking them until the bomber pilots were close to the target. Then, German planes swarmed around the B-24 formation and picked the planes one by one.
The attack peaked when the B-24 pilots were already over the target. They were surrounded by many anti-aircraft guns that filled the sky with AAA fire. Flak is the sound made by shrapnel’s exploding shells that hit the bomber pilots.
Germany was so fierce with their attacks that the sky turned black. This is why the bombers said that when you’re taking flak, you are on the target.
Conversely, if you are not attacked you might not be on target. An enemy won’t be defending something that is worthless. If you’re not taking flak, change your course. When you are receiving flak, stay on target so as not to waste the mission no matter how bad it gets.
Decades after World War II, the quote has become a metaphor. It is now equated to attacks done on people. A person might receive flak, or strong criticism, for telling the truth. Thus, if you are touching on something important, you will receive resistance and attacks from other people. And of course, the resistance gets heavy when you are revealing that which people have an interesting in continuing to hide. | history |
https://www.anteliz.gr/en/property | 2023-03-31T05:21:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949573.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331051439-20230331081439-00397.warc.gz | 0.921909 | 470 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__100389394 | en | Anteliz stands nestled on the hills of Fira, overlooking the Santorinian Caldera and the Aegean Sea.
Our small boutique hotel with its unique and relaxing atmosphere, offers unobstructed panoramic view to the surreal landscape of Santorini with its vast curtain wall of multicolored cliffs.
Set in a serene environment, amidst the lapis lazuli Cycladic sea and the imposing lava rocks, Anteliz captures the essence of Theran design, culture and tradition.
Our guests have direct access to Fira, the capital of the island and the nearby villages of Fira and Imerovigli.
Discover Santorini, a unique destination in the Greek islands, steeped in legend and mystery, a mythical ancient island that endured one of the largest volcanic eruptions in history.
We will be delighted to share our profound knowledge of Aegean's most beautiful island, giving you inside information that will ensure a memorable experience.
Dive in our refreshing pool, enjoy delicious local wines in our sunset terrace or just wander in the whitewashed rims of Santorini.
In 1987 the Patrikianos family purchased a piece of land, very close to their original family house with the intent of building a vacation home for the summers in Santorini.
When demolishing the two meter high wall and witnessed the unobstructed panoramic view for the first time, Eliza dared to say “ we should build a resort”.
We all laughed and ten years later here we are…
The original 19th century Santorinian villa was restored with respect to the original design and the local architectural techniques to 4 types of accommodation.
The spacious living room became our Master Suite, the old kitchen with the wood stove was turned into a luxurious Senior Suite, the carved-in-the-rock toolshed became our Superior Double and the underground water storage pond was reconstructed into a refreshing pool.
The reconstruction was completed in 2003 and the hotel was renovated in 2012.
Our plans for the future have already began with the expansion of our hotel, as in 2014 we will add 4 private suites and a Santorinian Cave spa.
Anthony and Eliza, proud contributors to the Anteliz naming progress | history |
http://www.stockton.edu/~kinsellt/litresources/ayr/boswell.html | 2014-04-19T09:24:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537097.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00418-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.981913 | 184 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__64487528 | en | James Boswell (1740-1795) is best known as the author of the greatest biography written in English: The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (1791). A prolific writer, published regularly in both Edinburgh and London, his stated profession was as Barrister, first at the Scots bar and then at the English. The eldest child of Alexander and Euphemia Boswell, he was heir to a respectable estate in Ayrshire. In 1782 upon the death of his father (who was a member of the Scottish supreme court), Boswell became the ninth Laird of Auchinleck.
An outgoing man who loved to keep company with the most famous people of the age, and who compulsively wrote about his life, Boswell left a treasure of manuscript materials that today provide thoughtful, first-hand accounts of life and writing in Britain during the second half of the eighteenth century. | history |
http://www.downthebyline.com/2014/03/saad-and-jerome-earn-caps-on.html | 2017-04-30T20:35:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125849.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00010-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.987726 | 251 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__164076408 | en | Sporting KC's Soony Saad and Mechack Jerome both added to their cap total today in international matches for their countries.
Saad had the more important match of the two as Lebanon was hoping to qualify for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup. They needed a win against Thailand and help from China who played Iraq to qualify. Unfortunately China lost 3-1 to Iraq and Lebanon was eliminated. Lebanon though finished the qualifying cycle on a high as they took care of their opponent 5-2. Saad scored what proved to be the game winner one minute into first half stoppage time. The goal, Saad's second for Lebanon and first in a competitive match made the score 3-1. Lebanon scored two more in the second half before Thailand scored one to close the gap to 5-2.
You can see his goal at the 1:39 mark below
While Saad's was the more important game, Jerome's may have been more historic. Haiti played in Kosovo in the first FIFA sanctioned friendly for the Serbian territory that declared it's independence from Serbia in 2008 but has yet to officially be recognized. Jerome earned another cap in the 0-0 draw as the two teams played in front of a sellout crowd of 18,000. | history |
https://acspressroom.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/sgreport2014/ | 2022-12-03T23:04:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710941.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203212026-20221204002026-00818.warc.gz | 0.960698 | 405 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__241014933 | en | January 11, 2014 marks 50 years since the release of the Surgeon General’s Report on smoking and health. In a just published commentary, Otis W. Brawley says the report’s conclusions “are arguably the most important and far-reaching in the history of public health and are, perhaps, the classic example of science driving public policy.”
The report led to rapid, dramatic drops in smoking, whose impact can be seen today. In fact, less smoking may be the most important factor in drops in cancer mortality since the early 90’s. Decreases in lung cancer deaths attributed to smoking are credited with 40 percent of the overall drop in cancer mortality in men.
Public health experts today look back with envy at the remarkable impact of this single report. As Brawley writes, “Given the numerous medical controversies today, it is of value to explore why this process was so successful and why so many were willing to accept this pronouncement as truth.”
Brawley then tells the winding tale of how methodology developed to study infectious disease was first applied to chronic disease; how the creation of case control studies and cohorts came along just in time to cut off a widening epidemic caused by tobacco use; and how public health groups, scientists, and a single question at a press conference converged to bring public attention to “the tobacco problem,” and led directly to Surgeon General Luther L. Terry’s efforts to put together a panel of “outstanding experts who would assess the available knowledge in the area of smoking and health and make appropriate recommendations.”
It is a fascinating retelling of the history that led to that momentous January day 50 years ago, when Dr. Luther Terry and others released a report that “forever changed the course of public health.” And it may prompt us to ask ourselves: what would it take to be that successful again, and is it achievable in our lifetimes? | history |
http://my-foot-prints.blogspot.com/2011/12/4-days-in-rome.html | 2018-04-27T01:04:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948738.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180427002118-20180427022118-00445.warc.gz | 0.963684 | 748 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__226703012 | en | Rome, the eternal city was very welcoming with a cosmopolitan city feeling. The lady of our hotel/apt. did not speak English at all. After a rather difficult first encounter with her, the later meetings went quite smooth in English and Italian with an hand-gesture-interface. The hotel/apt was very nice considering the high walls, old windows, 2 minutes walking distance from the Colosseum, the punctual and meticulous room keeping services , delightful fresh Camay soap bars every day and the daily breakfast at a roadside cafe on the Cavour street, included in our hotel cost.
Stayed @ Cheap & Chic Hotel Roma, Rome, IT
|Nero's racing grounds near Ludus Magnus|
We spent the whole of our first day in Colosseum area. We had the Roma pass, and so we were allowed to skip the line, both at Colosseum, and the Palatine garden and Roman Forum opposite the Colosseum. For a classic Hollywood movie lover like me, traveling with a strong history buff as my husband, 4 days in Rome fell short to satisfy us, more so when one of those 4 days we had to visit the Vatican city. We wanted to explore every bit of the ancient(Colosseum,Forum,museums), medieval (the obelisks and cathedrals) and new world Rome. The ROMA pass was a great help, as we took the bus and underground trains everywhere, round and round over the city. We even stopped at the Ludus Magnus where now stands only two stones bearing evidence of an once very popular gladiator training school, we stood on the side of the road where once Reno drove his carriage like a madman, the Via Appia Antica - the first road ever built, and put our hands in the Mouth of Truth which cuts your hand if you tell a lie.
|Temple of Saturn|
And then, all the churches in Europe are famous, specially the ones in Rome. One had St Peter's chains, one had the saint's head, one had the stairs which Jesus Himself had strided on His way to crucification (we saw pilgrims crying there. Rudy is an atheist, but he joined the pilgrims who were climbing the steps on their knees, and he had found it too overbearing and did not finish his climb. I felt he was on the verge of conversion amongst believers that day.). We also went to the church which was the old home to the Pope before the St Paul's cathedral.
|Abandoned/ancient St Paul's Cathedral|
DAY 6 : COLOSSEUM, PALATINE GARDEN, ROMAN FORUM, ROMAN PANTHEON
DAY 7 : VATICAN CITY, TREVI FOUNTAIN
DAY 8 : ALL CHURCHES & BERNINI's FOUNTAINS
DAY 9 : STREETS of ROME, MUSEUM
|Pope's old home|
|boy taking out thorn(Roman replica from the original Greek one)|
|Venus lost her clothes somewhere|
|..caught telling a lie|
|One of the Pontificus Maximus|
|Gift of Govt. of India to the Govt. of Rome|
With all the history, relics, stories, architecture, and of course good food, Rome was surely a very overwhelming experience for us. So I remembered to throw a penny over my left shoulder in the Trevi Fountain so that some day we can go back to Rome.
Next time, I will not miss the trip to Pompei - the city frozen in time. | history |
https://cambodiangenocideresourcecenter.org/ | 2024-04-23T18:23:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818732.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423162023-20240423192023-00566.warc.gz | 0.892443 | 112 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__174508106 | en | Welcome to the Cambodian Genocide Resource Center. Join us in our mission to ensure that the stories of Cambodian Genocide survivors are heard, the lessons of history are learned, and the atrocities of the past are not forgotten.
Our website includes a wealth of materials and lesson plans designed to encourage critical thinking, empathy-building, and exploration of the complex historical and ethical issues surrounding the Cambodian Genocide.
Together we can empower the next generation to build a more compassionate and just world. Explore our resources today and start making a difference in the classroom and beyond. | history |
http://www.glc10anniversary.org/ | 2017-04-26T17:27:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121528.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00622-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.960521 | 305 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__34026898 | en | The Grand Lodge of Cyprus will be celebrating its 10th Anniversary on 29th October 2016, a truly historic occasion to mark its decennial establishment on our island..
Despite the young existence of our Grand Lodge, the historical roots of Freemasonry in Cyprus go back over 200 years. Historical records place Freemasons in the Larnaca district where at that time all consulates were located. Larnaca was then considered the capital of Cyprus and was the main port of the island. This is documented by the existence of graves bearing Masonic marks and by an 1815 circular against Masons written by Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos. In 1888, ten years after the British Occupation of Cyprus, the United Grand Lodge of England established its first lodge in Cyprus and the Grand Lodge of Greece followed in 1895.
Though just one decade into its establishment, the Grand Lodge of Cyprus has developed significantly in prominence through the addition of numerous new lodges throughout the island, ten of which are working with the Greek Ritual, three with the English Ritual and one each with the German and Italian Rituals.
Under our auspices there are also four York Rite Chapters as well as four Cryptic Councils which are working with the Greek Rituals and one with the English Rituals.
It will be our great honor and privilege to welcome you to the festivities on the occasion of this particular milestone, of the Grand Lodge of Cyprus and receive your valued support..
Petros S. Machalepis,
Grand Lodge of Cyprus. | history |
https://myfavoritefreebies.wordpress.com/2016/06/14/amazing-grace-free-sheet-music-for-piano-solo/ | 2019-08-20T00:41:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315174.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20190820003509-20190820025509-00333.warc.gz | 0.966984 | 247 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__177542822 | en | The words to Amazing Grace were written by English Poet, John Newton (1725–1807), and published in 1779. Newton was ordained in the Church of England in 1764. The Christian hymn lyrics for “Amazing Grace” were written to illustrate a sermon delivered on New Year’s Day in 1773. Historians are unsure if music was used to accompany the first presentation of the text. It is possible that it was chanted by the congregation. In print, Amazing Grace can first be seen in Newton and Cowper’s Olney Hymns, though the text remained relatively obscure in England. In America, the hymn gained popularity in the early 19th century and was set to more than 20 different melodies. Finally, in 1835, the text was joined with the tune “New Britain”, with which is most often sung in churches today.
Get Amazing Grace for Piano Solo | Traditional Hymn Tune
Amazing grace! How sweet the sound
That saved a wretch like me.
I once was lost, but now am found,
Was blind but now I see.
Browse other popular “My Favorite Freebies” posts: | history |
https://www.elanvacations.com/post/roanoke-island-festival-park/ | 2019-01-24T10:13:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584520525.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124100934-20190124122934-00044.warc.gz | 0.936363 | 319 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__106559749 | en | Roanoke Island Festival Park
Roanoke Island Festival Park is located in Manteo about 5 miles from Nags Head. This 25 acre historic site has various venues to learn about history and the arts. A great family attraction with something for everyone of all ages. Elizabeth II – board and explore this 16th century representative ship American Indian Town – homes, agricultural areas & work shelters line the paths Settlement Site – see what daily life was like for soldiers and sailors in the 16th century Roanoke Adventure Museum – discover 400 years of the region’s history Roanoke Maritime Museum – learn about the craft & history of boat making Roanoke Island Marshes Lighthouse – renovated & reopened in 2004 Performance Series – year round dance, music, drama, opera and children’s shows Nature – stroll along the boardwalk that lines the 25 acre island and view nature at its best Fossil Pit – kids will enjoy digging through the fossil pit for shark teeth and small fossils The park is open March 1 – December 31 from 9 am to 5 pm daily. Admission prices are $10 or adults and $7 for children (5 & under are free). Admission to the Park includes climbing aboard the Elizabeth II sailing ship; living the life of a 16th century settler in the Settlement Site; Exploring 400 years of Outer Banks history in the Roanoke Adventure Museum; Discovering the American Indian Town; viewing the Legend of Two Path film and more. Click Here for a calendar of events. You won’t want to miss this during your Outer Banks vacation. | history |
https://lindenhillumcemeteryny.com/about/ | 2024-04-17T04:48:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817144.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417044411-20240417074411-00092.warc.gz | 0.981002 | 318 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__173755582 | en | Linden Hill United Methodist Cemetery was founded by English-speaking Methodists in 1842, who were located at The Second Street Methodist Episcopal Church on 2nd Street between Avenues C and D in Manhattan. It was then acquired by German-speaking Methodists in 1852, who were located at The First German Methodist Episcopal Mission Church on 2nd Street between Avenues B and C. We are a non-sectarian cemetery with a Methodist Heritage.
The First German Methodist Episcopal Church later moved to 48 St. Marks Place, Manhattan, where it remained until its closing on July 1, 1975. The Cemetery then became the property of the Bishop of NY and the Superintendents of the New York Annual Conference with churches in NY City. The Cemetery was incorporated in 1977.
In the early years of The Cemetery, as one entered through the main entrance at Woodward Ave. & Dekalb Ave., the ethnicity is reflected in the clusters of stones in different languages: German, Hungarian, Czechoslovakian, Italian, and French. The older stones designated the country of birth as well.
Today, Linden Hill Cemetery, as it is commonly known, still remains a non-sectarian Cemetery with a Methodist Heritage. The garden-type settings and the rolling hillsides are truly a wonder to the eye, as we are blessed with the New York City Skyline as our backdrop.
Regardless where one may be visiting their loved ones in the Cemetery, the peacefulness and serenity will take you back in time to those days of family, love and remembrances. | history |
http://www.mahoningcountydems.org/blog/photo-archives-fdr-campaigns-youngstown-2010-12-27 | 2013-12-10T02:33:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164004946/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133324-00097-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.924774 | 128 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__136982973 | en | Photo from the archives: FDR campaigns in Youngstown
In this archival photo, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's campaigning takes him down Youngstown's Market Street Bridge. Fred Shutrump, then-chairman of the Mahoning County Democratic Party, is also seated in the backseat. Youngstown's Republican mayor, seated between the two gentlemen, was airbrushed out by Shutrump, who disliked the mayor. True story!
Paid for by the Mahoning County Democratic Party. Not authorized by any federal candidate or candidate committee.
David Betras, Chairman. 3321 Mahoning Ave., Youngstown OH 44509 | history |
https://www.ttdsevaonline.net/ayodhya-balaram-darshan-harati-pass-online-booking/ | 2024-02-21T16:09:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473518.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221134259-20240221164259-00030.warc.gz | 0.949935 | 521 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__51497637 | en | Ayodhya Ram Janmbhoomi Temple BalaRam Darshan Online Booking starts now. Check Donation Schemes, Accommodation Darshan Harati Passes availability online now @ SRJTK (online.srjbtkshetra.org)
Sri Ram JanmBhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust has inaugurated Sri Ram Mandir at Ayodhya on 22nd January 2023. Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi ji participated in BalaRam Statue Pranapratista event with utmost devotion to god. Ram Janm Bhoomi Temple is open to public visit from 23rd January. Temple opens with Harati at 06:30 AM every Day. Sarva Darshan or public darshan is free of cost at present. SRJBTK Trust now in the process of updating its website for online Booking of Ayodhya Ram Mandir Darshan Passes & aarti booking in advance. Balaram Temple is also called as Ayodhya Rammandir categorically.
Prominence of Ayodhya Balaram temple built by Ram JanmBhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust:
Ayodhya in indian Itihasasa is considered as the birth place of Lord Sri Ram. In Treta Yuga Dasaradha maharaja performed the Putra Kamestiyaga for a heir to his kingdom. With blessing of Lord Vishnu he begot 4 children with three of his queens. Lord Ram and his journey among the Indian Sub Continent with Seeta & Lakshmana forms the greatest Epic Ramayana. According to Sampurna Ramayana by Valmiki Present day Ayodhya is the capital of Kosala Desham. Lord Ram had ruled India as the capital of Ayodhya and left his incarnation to return back vaikunta.
After many generations a number of hindu vaishnavate temples are built in this sacred city situated on the banks of Sarayu River. Complete chronological history was lost due to multiple desecration of temples by non hindus and other barbarian attacks. In Recent years remains of hindu temple are uncovered below the mosque of Babri and it was widely acknowledged as the remains of Long Lost Ram Lalla Temple built by King Vikramaditya.
After many political and Judicial issues Supreme court Ruled in Favor of Sri Ram Janmbhoomi Temple Teerth kshetra Trust and allotted the demolished mosque occupied land. | history |
https://jaygabler.com/prince-the-story-of-1999/ | 2022-09-27T14:08:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335034.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927131111-20220927161111-00624.warc.gz | 0.972128 | 144 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__203643512 | en | I’ve been proud to be part of the team behind the official Prince podcast, created by The Current and distributed by the Prince Estate and Warner Bros. Records. The podcast, which delves deeply in specific albums in association with re-releases and deluxe editions, is written and hosted by Andrea Swensson and produced by Anna Weggel. My role is as an editor, providing input during the scripting process. I’ve had a similar role in The Current Rewind podcast, telling unheard stories from the history of Minnesota music.
In June 2020, the Story of 1999 series from the Prince podcast was honored with a Page One Award from the Minnesota Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists. | history |
http://frominsdeli.com/maurice.htm | 2017-04-27T03:16:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121865.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00446-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.969893 | 415 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__265835124 | en | Destiny, luck and a lot of hard work have been the foundation of Maurice Solomon’s 55+ years of dedication to the Deli Industry. A survivor of Nazi-occupied Brussels, Belgium, ten-year-old Maurice immigrated to America with his family to Cleveland, Ohio in 1948.
At age fourteen, Maurice took a job working as a dishwasher and busboy at his Uncle’s delicatessen, Solomon’s. He worked there and at other restaurants for the next ten years, putting in 40 -70 hours a week during school and over every holiday, turning over the majority of his paycheck to his family to help cover expenses.
In the early 1970’s, Maurice made the move from Cleveland to Los Angeles. He worked hard at several delis and saved up his money until he had enough to buy Marjan’s Restaurant and Deli in the old Brentwood Country Mart in Santa Monica. For more than 15 years, his local clientele often read like a Who’s Who of entertainment, business and political leaders. And Maurice’s warm and welcoming ways made virtually everyone else who came in feel like they were on the top of the A-List, too!
In 1990, two years after selling Marjan’s, Maurice couldn’t resist entering the deli business again, this time with his friend from Cleveland, Dennis Fromin. The two deli-men owned and operated Fromin’s Restaurant in Encino (still operating under the same name today but with no connection to Dennis or Maurice) and the present location in Santa Monica, where they remain partners and friends today.
After more than five decades, Maurice still likes to greet each customer from behind the deli counter with a big smile and generous portions. With two children, two step children and five grandchildren, Maurice and his wife Becky are grateful for the success of The Deli King (see his license plate for confirmation of the title) and of Fromin’s Restaurant. | history |
https://vessel.kyoto/wachuan/about/?lang=en | 2024-03-02T23:58:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476137.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302215752-20240303005752-00286.warc.gz | 0.811415 | 691 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__99910046 | en | On behalf of Notre Dame Jogakuin, I would like to express our sincere appreciation to the participating world-class artists for coming together at our Wachu-an for the “Soko-kai x Wachu-an in Shishigatani” exhibition.
Throughout its long history, the building has gone through significant change. From its beginnings as the residence of an Omi merchant, it retained its sense of the Taisho era (1912-26) when it was later transformed into a convent for the American nuns, School Sisters of Notre Dame, who came to Japan with a passion for mission after World War II.
As such, it has been honored by many people as the treasure of Notre Dame Jogakuin. Ranging from pottery, Urushi art, dyeing, and glass art to metal and gemstone work, we are delighted to be bringing a collection of masterpieces together in our Wachu-an, thereby creating a special art universe filled with magnificent and delicate beauty. We hope you will enjoy a relaxing escape into art in the mid-autumn tranquility of Shishigatani.
Yoshiko Kurimoto, Chancellor, Notre Dame Jogakuin
It’s been more than 30 years since its establishment of Soko-kai in 1989. Over the years, we have organized exhibitions every single year challenging and exhibiting new world of kogei which no one else can do.
We are very happy to have this opportunity to hold an exhibition and show our kogei artworks at this unique and historic Wachu-an of the Notre Dame Jogakuin
We also hope to introduce the beauty and excellence of Kogei Art to the younger generations through hosting seminars and workshops for students at the Notre Dame Jogakuin.
Shoukoh Kobayashi, representative , Soko-kai
Wachu-an, a sumptuous mansion with a large garden at the foot of Shishigatani, was built by Hikoshiro Fujii, a merchant from Omi district and a pioneer in the Japanese chemical fiber market. It was acquired by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in 1949. After being renovated and used as a convent, it was transferred to the Notre Dame Jogakuin Junior and Senior High School in 2008.
Uzan Nagao, a sinologist and friend of Fujii, named Wachu-an from his motto — “be fair and unbiased”. The view to the west from Wachu-an is superb, in part because the foot of the mountain had previously been cleared. Moreover, the water flowing from the east side of the mountain is pure and constant. Next to the large teahouse is a tall, wild cherry blossom tree called Edohigan, after which the town of Sakuradani was named, and which used to bloom beautifully every spring.
The Western-style part at the front of the building is Spanish-themed architecture with a beautiful parquet floor and ceiling. The annex (Shoin-style guest house), connected by a corridor, incorporates Sukiya-style design for the decorative transom and alcove ceiling. Fujii himself was involved in the design of this magnificent architecture.
〒603-8123 110 Shishigatani Sakuradani-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto | history |
http://www.shrewsbury-ma.com/ | 2013-12-12T23:39:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164754111/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134554-00053-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.973266 | 1,785 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__31491607 | en | Shrewsbury is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Shrewsbury is an unusual New England town in that it was neither a mill town nor a farming village. Rather, it grew as a suburb to neighboring Worcester, Massachusetts from the start.
The Town of Shrewsbury, named for Shrewsbury, England, is a suburban community with an uneven and hilly terrain cut by a number of minor streams providing several small water power sites. Grants of land were made in what would eventually be the town beginning in 1664, with the 3,200 acre grant called Haynes Farm as the largest. Settlers came primarily from Sudbury and Marlborough and the first permanent settler was Gersham Wheelock in 1720. As a town, Shrewsbury was first settled in 1722 and officially incorporated in 1727.
Townspeople created an agricultural economy with apple orchards and by 1750 there were two stores and four taverns as well as several small industries in operation. The rapid fall of prices for agricultural goods, the shortage of hard currency and the general economic depression following the Revolutionary War produced disastrous conditions for colonists. Shays' Rebellion in 1786 sought to close the courts to prevent debt collections and the foreclosure of mortgages. Shrewsbury became a staging area for the rebellion and the encampment of the more than 400 insurgents, before the march on the Worcester Court House.
A leather industry began in 1786 in Shrewsbury and town farmers developed large cattle herds to support the manufacture of boots and shoes. This was followed by the establishment of gunsmithing operations in 1797 which produced rifles, shotguns and pistols and eventually cutlery. Luther Goddard began in 1809 by making brass clocks and then established a small watch factory employing a few skilled Swiss and English watchmakers. Lumbering created sawmills and they in turn drew chair and cabinet makers, plow and wagon builders.
The development of streetcar routes in the 19th century spurred the growth of single-family housing in town and a summer resort population on Lake Quinsigamond became consumers of the market garden produce grown by town farmers. As Shrewsbury's industry was killed off by the lack of large waterpower sites and the tardy arrival of the railroad, its role as a suburb of Worcester grew more important. The town's population doubled from 1915 to 1940 as continued streetcar suburb growth brought more modern settlers into the community. Other modern developments included an increased number of lakeside cottages, ethnic clubs and recreational areas on the lake. The economy of modern Shrewsbury has been described as depending on agriculture, the resort industry and the providing of recreation and food for the population of Worcester.
- (Source: Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development (pdf) and Narrative supplied by community and based on information provided by the Massachusetts Historical Commission)
Registered Historic Places
Shrewsbury is home to three Nationally Registered Historic Places:
- The Gen. Artemas Ward Homestead on Main Street
- The Joseph Lothrop House, which was located at 208 Turnpike Road where Blockbuster Video stands today
- The Shrewsbury Historic District, in the town center which includes parts of Church Road, Main Street, Prospect Street, Boylston Street, and Grafton Street
Famous residents and natives
- Artemas Ward (1727 - 1800), American Major General in the Revolutionary War and often characterized as the runner-up for George Washington's post. He was, in fact, the first commander of the Continental Army, before being relieved by Washington. The Artemas Ward Homestead is a museum preserved by Harvard University. Located at 786 Main Street in Shrewsbury, it is open to the public for limited hours during the summer months.
- Ralph Earl (1751 - 1801), American painter known for his portrait of Roger Sherman, as well as being one of the first American landscape artists.
- Levi Pease - The "father of mail stages in this country." Organizer and proprietor of the first stagecoach lines in the U.S.. Also the first contractor for carrying U.S. Mail.
- Quintin J. Cristy - inventor of dry gas
- Lillian Asplund (1906 – 2006), one of the last living survivors of the Titanic shipwreck.
- Min Chueh Chang (1908 - 1991), co-inventor of the birth control pill and in-vitro fertilization.
- Robert Allan Ridley Parker (b. 1936), director of the NASA Management Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- Gregory McDonald (b. 1937), author of the "Fletch" series of novels.
- Craig C. Mello (b. 1960), Nobelist in medicine for 2006
- Mike Birbiglia (b. 1978), stand-up comedian.
- Catherine Brunell (b. 1975), Broadway Actress
- The now-defunct Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, the renowned research facility where the birth control pill was first developed. The campus is now the Hoagland-Pincus Conference Center of the University of Massachusetts Medical School.
- The now-defunct Spag's, the original all-purpose store, which predated Costco, Walmart and other similar outlets. Noted for its unorthodox inventory and discount prices, Spag's succumbed to the competition of the modern megastore and was acquired in 2002 by Building 19. The location became Spags 19, and in 2004 the store was converted to Building 19's format (it is now just another Building 19 location).
- The now-defunct White City amusement park.
- Maxtor Corporation, maker of computer hard drives, which was acquired by Seagate Technology in May 2006.
Shrewsbury is a suburb of both Boston and Worcester, about 50 minutes from Boston and 15 minutes to downtown Worcester.
Shrewsbury is bordered on the West by Worcester, separated by Lake Quinsigamond. To the North is Boylston and Interstate 290. The South side is bounded by Grafton with the Mass Pike just beyond. Northborough and Westborough are to the East.
As of the census˛ of 2000, there were 31,640 people, 12,366 households, and 8,693 families residing in the town. The population density was 589.3/km˛ (1,526.3/mi˛). There were 12,696 housing units at an average density of 236.5/km˛ (612.4/mi˛). The racial makeup of the town was 89.12% White, 1.45% African American, 0.12% Native American, 7.61% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population.
There were 12,366 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the town the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $64,237, and the median income for a family was $77,674. Males had a median income of $56,259 versus $37,129 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,570. About 3.3% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.
Shrewsbury is governed in the traditional New England style. Municipal elections are held on the first Tuesday in May.
Legislative Branch: Representative Town Meeting. | history |
http://kuruvilajacob.com/early-years/ | 2019-09-16T10:19:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572517.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916100041-20190916122041-00422.warc.gz | 0.99325 | 538 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__190295937 | en | The Kunnenkeril family was an old established one in Kerala, going back to the sixteenth century. Originally belonging to the Syrian Christian faith, its members became Anglicans and, in 1888, Kunnenkeril Koratha was ordained priest in the Anglican Church. Koratha worked hard at his ecclesiastical duties in order to give his children a good education. His grandson, Kuruvila Jacob, was born on 3 August 1904, inheriting the sound values of committed work and belief in a solid education.
Kuruvila was the fourth of Kunnenkeril Jacob's eight children. He had an idyllic childhood, growing up in the small village of Aymanam on the banks of the river Meenachil. Memories of the quiet, pastoral life, spent in beautiful natural surroundings, remained with him all his life.
Since his father's job as a judge entailed frequent transfers, Kuruvila and his siblings changed school several times. He was thus educated at Kottayam, Trivandrum, Nagercoil, and Parur. In all his schools, the young boy excelled in sports and did reasonably well in his studies, too.
He caught the eye of some of his more discerning teachers who recognised Kuruvila's potential and encouraged him. These were early lessons in dealing with students as was the repugnance of unfair methods of punishment meted out by other teachers that formed the foundation of the future educator.
After his Intermediate course at CMS College, Kottayam, Kuruvila Jacob went on to Madras Christian College (MCC) in Madras, for his graduate degree in physics and chemistry. As at school, he took active part in all the sports activities. He stayed on at MCC as a demonstrator and also worked as part-time secretary at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).
But soon he had to decide what he wanted to do with his life. Kuruvila had always admired and respected his teachers and had been greatly influenced by some of them. He realised the important role a good teacher played in a child's life and wanted to be one such. He set about finding out where he could be best trained and discovered that Leeds University in England offered one of the best programmes.
He succeeded in convincing his father that teaching was to be his profession and to agree to pay the expenses involved. Kuruvila married Grace Mathai in August 1929, just before he left for England. It was difficult to leave his young wife behind, but she had her studies to complete too. | history |
http://www.naropafestival.org/cms/ladakh.html | 2020-09-28T09:29:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401598891.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200928073028-20200928103028-00556.warc.gz | 0.931223 | 285 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__267453550 | en | Ladakh is one of the most beautiful and pristine places in the world. Ladakh’s history can be traced back to the Neolithic era and appears in early historic accounts via Herodutus and Ptolemy. The region hosts ancient trade routes connecting trade from as far west as Damascus to the far east reaches of Guangzhou and connecting the Nothern Caspian Sea to Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Its unique geographic location and its historic celebration of culture diversity, makes it one of the earliest examples of an international hub. Initially part of the Kushan empire in the first century CE, Buddhism spread through the region via the ancient trade routes. To this day, Ladakh is guardian to ancient artwork with Buddhist subject depicted in a Roman-Greco style with Byzantine influences.
In 842 AD, Ladakh was an independent dynasty where its culture and traditions flourished. This Ladakhi dynasty spearheaded the “Second Spreading” of Buddhism drawing masters from northwest India and claiming its place in history as one of the most scared lands in Central Asia. In subsequent centuries, Ladakhi kings extended the territory to the realm of Purang and Mustang (present day Nepal). Since ancient times, Ladakh has hosted great masters, meditators, seekers and explorers. The monumental mountainous terrain coupled with its deep spiritual history makes it one of the most profound regions for reflection, retreat and spiritual quests. | history |
https://dailytrurouknews.com/2023/07/29/explore-kom-ombo-temple-the-twin-temple-of-horus-and-sobek | 2024-04-25T01:59:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296820065.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425000826-20240425030826-00055.warc.gz | 0.954599 | 3,279 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156120959 | en | Explore Kom Ombo Temple: The Twin Temple of Horus and Sobek
Welcome to a fascinating journey through ancient Egypt as we explore the magnificent Kom Ombo Temple. Situated on the banks of the Nile in the village of the same name, this temple is truly unique as it is dedicated to not just one but two powerful gods - Horus and Sobek.
Join us as we delve into this awe-inspiring twin temple's rich history, intricate design, and religious significance. Get ready to be captivated by the stories and legends surrounding these remarkable deities and the incredible architectural wonders of Kom Ombo Temple.
The Significance of Kom Ombo Temple
Kom Ombo Temple is a significant historical and cultural site in Egypt. It is unique because it is a twin temple dedicated to Horus, the falcon-headed god, and Sobek, the crocodile-headed god. The temple holds great religious and symbolic significance in ancient Egyptian history.
The temple was built during the Ptolemaic Dynasty and completed under the Roman Empire. As a result, it showcases a unique blend of Egyptian and Greco-Roman architecture. Its layout consists of two symmetrical sections, one dedicated to Horus and the other to Sobek.
The worship of Horus and Sobek was highly revered in ancient Egypt. Horus was considered the god of the sky and protection, while Sobek was associated with the Nile River, fertility, and protection against evil powers. The temple served as a place of worship for their cults.
The main sanctuary of Kom Ombo Temple was the most sacred area, housing statues of Horus and Sobek. Rituals and ceremonies were performed in this chamber, with priests and devotees offering prayers and sacrifices to the gods.
The temple walls of Kom Ombo are adorned with intricate carvings and reliefs. These depict scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology, the daily life of pharaohs and common people, and the gods. The artwork provides valuable insights into the time's religious beliefs, customs, and traditions.
Overall, Kom Ombo Temple is a testament to the richness of ancient Egyptian culture and religious practices. It is a must-visit for history enthusiasts and those interested in exploring the fascinating world of ancient Egypt.
Historical background of the temple
The Kom Ombo Temple, also known as the Twin Temple, is significant in Egyptian history. It was built between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC during the Ptolemaic period. The temple is dedicated to Horus, the falcon-headed god, and Sobek, the crocodile-headed god.
The temple's historical background dates back to when Egypt was under Greek rule. The Ptolemaic dynasty, which was of Greek-Macedonian origin, ruled over Egypt during this period. Both Egyptian and Greco-Roman architectural styles influenced the construction of the temple.
Kom Ombo Temple was strategically built on a high ground overlooking the Nile River, emphasizing its importance as a religious and cultural centre. It served as a place of worship, where ancient Egyptians would offer sacrifices and perform rituals to honour the gods.
One of the remarkable features of the temple is its unique design, with two symmetrical sections dedicated to each god. The left side of the temple is dedicated to Horus, while the right is dedicated to Sobek. Each section has a hypostyle hall, various chambers, and a sanctuary.
The temple's walls are adorned with intricate carvings and reliefs depicting Egyptian mythology scenes, including Horus and Sobek's stories. These carvings provide valuable insights into ancient Egyptians' religious beliefs, rituals, and daily life.
The Kom Ombo Temple is a testament to ancient Egyptian architecture and craftsmanship and offers a glimpse into the rich cultural and religious practices of the time. Today, it is a captivating archaeological site that intrigues visitors worldwide.
The architecture of Kom Ombo Temple
Layout and design of the temple
The layout and design of Kom Ombo Temple are unique and fascinating. The temple is symmetrically divided into two identical sections dedicated to the gods Horus and Sobek, called "The Twin Temple." Each section has its entrance and consists of halls, chambers, and courtyards.
The temple follows a traditional Egyptian temple design, with a main entrance hall leading to an open courtyard surrounded by colonnades. Beyond the courtyard are multiple chambers and halls, including a hypostyle hall with several columns and a sanctuary at the far end.
One of the remarkable features of the temple's layout is its double sanctuary. Each section of the temple has its innermost chamber, typically called the sanctuary, where the statue of the respective god would be placed. This unique design allowed Horus and Sobek's simultaneous worship within the same temple.
The temple's outer walls are adorned with intricate carvings and reliefs depicting scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology, daily life, and religious rituals. These carvings provide important insights into the beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptians.
Here's a summary of the layout and design of Kom Ombo Temple:
- Symmetrically divided into two sections dedicated to Horus and Sobek
- Each section has its entrance and consists of halls, chambers, and courtyards
- It follows a traditional Egyptian temple design with an entrance hall, courtyard, hypostyle hall, and sanctuary
- The unique double sanctuary design allows for the worship of both gods simultaneously
Unique features and structures
Kom Ombo Temple is known for its unique features and structures, making it stand out among other ancient Egyptian temples. One of the most distinctive characteristics of the temple is its double design, with two identical sections dedicated to two different gods. This makes Kom Ombo Temple the only twin temple in Egypt.
The temple has a symmetrical layout, with two entrances, two hypostyle halls, two sanctuaries, and two sets of chapels and chambers. The left side of the temple is dedicated to the falcon-headed god Horus, while the right is dedicated to the crocodile-headed god Sobek.
Another unique feature of Kom Ombo Temple is the presence of a Nilometer, which was used to measure the water level of the Nile River. This was important for predicting the flooding patterns and ensuring successful agricultural practices.
The temple also features beautifully carved reliefs and inscriptions depicting various scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology and daily life. These detailed carvings provide valuable insights into the ancient Egyptians' religious beliefs, rituals, and traditions.
Here are some of the unique features and structures of Kom Ombo Temple:
- Double design with twin sections dedicated to Horus and Sobek.
- Symmetrical layout with two entrances, hypostyle halls, sanctuaries, and chapels.
- The presence of a Nilometer for measuring the Nile's water level.
- Intricate carvings and reliefs depicting mythology and daily life in ancient Egypt.
Visiting Kom Ombo Temple offers a fascinating glimpse into the ancient Egyptian civilization and the religious practices of the time. Its unique design and rich history make it a must-see destination for history enthusiasts and anyone interested in the wonders of the ancient world.
The Worship of Horus and Sobek
Mythology and symbolism behind Horus and Sobek
The Kom Ombo Temple is dedicated to two ancient Egyptian deities: Horus, the falcon-headed god, and Sobek, the crocodile-headed god. These gods hold significant roles in Egyptian mythology and are associated with various symbolism.
Horus: Horus was believed to be the god of the sky, war, and protection. He was considered the divine representation of the pharaoh and was often depicted with a falcon head and a human body. Horus symbolized power, kingship, and divine protection. The eye of Horus, also known as the "all-seeing eye," represented healing, wholeness, and protection, symbolising good health and spiritual enlightenment.
Sobek: Sobek was a god associated with fertility, the Nile River, and protection. He had a crocodile head and was believed to have control over the dangerous and unpredictable aspects of the Nile. Sobek was also considered a protective deity, guarding against evil forces and averting disasters. His association with fertility and abundance made him important in agricultural practices and rituals related to the Nile's annual flooding.
The worship of Horus and Sobek played a vital role in ancient Egyptian society. Horus represented the divine lineage of the pharaohs, protecting and guiding them throughout their rule. Sobek, on the other hand, symbolized the life-giving properties of the Nile and ensured the fertility of the land. Both deities were revered and had dedicated cults, with rituals and ceremonies performed to honour them and seek their blessings.
The Kom Ombo Temple is a fascinating testament to the significance of these two gods in ancient Egypt, showcasing intricate carvings and reliefs that depict their mythology, cults, and daily life in ancient Egypt.
Importance of their cults in Ancient Egypt
The worship of Horus and Sobek played a significant role in ancient Egyptian culture. Both gods had cults and were revered for their unique characteristics and attributes.
Horus, the falcon-headed god, was associated with kingship, sky, and protection. He was believed to be the Pharaoh's divine protector and the embodiment of divine leadership. Horus was often depicted as a falcon or a man with a falcon head, symbolizing his association with the sky and ability to soar above earthly matters.
On the other hand, Sobek was the crocodile god who represented fertility, strength, and the power of the Nile. He was often portrayed as a man with a crocodile head or a full-bodied crocodile. Sobek was believed to have control over the Nile's waters and was seen as a protective deity, guarding against dangers and providing sustenance through the river's annual flooding.
The cults of both Horus and Sobek had temples dedicated to them, with Kom Ombo Temple being the most prominent example. These temples served as places of worship and were centres of religious and ceremonial activities. Devotees would come to these temples to offer prayers, make offerings, and seek divine guidance or blessings.
The importance of Horus and Sobek's cults extended beyond their roles in Egyptian religion. They represented essential aspects of Egyptian life, such as leadership, protection, fertility, and the Nile's importance for agricultural prosperity. The worship of these gods reflected the ancient Egyptians' deep connection to their natural surroundings and their belief in the divine forces that governed their existence.
Here's a quick summary of the importance of Horus and Sobek's cults in ancient Egypt:
- Horus represented kingship, protection, and the sky.
- Sobek symbolized fertility, strength, and the power of the Nile.
- Both cults had dedicated temples, including Kom Ombo Temple.
- The worship of these gods encompassed leadership, protection, fertility, and the Nile's significance for agriculture.
The Main Sanctuary
Description of the innermost chamber
The main sanctuary of Kom Ombo Temple is the innermost chamber of the temple complex and is dedicated to the worship of the deities Horus and Sobek. It is a significant space where priests and devout worshippers perform rituals and ceremonies.
The sanctuary is dimly lit with high ceilings and beautifully decorated walls. The walls are adorned with intricate carvings and reliefs depicting scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology, pharaohs, and daily life. These detailed artworks provide valuable insights into ancient Egypt's religious and cultural practices.
In the centre of the sanctuary, there is an elevated platform or altar where offerings and sacrifices are made to the gods. This was the focal point of worship and a place where devotees could connect with the divine.
The sanctuary was believed to be the abode of the gods, and access to it was limited to priests and a select few. It was a sacred and revered space where the faithful could seek blessings, guidance, and protection from the deities.
Visiting the innermost chamber of Kom Ombo Temple is a unique experience that allows you to immerse yourself in ancient Egypt's rich history and spiritual significance. The sanctity and aura of the sanctuary make it a must-see attraction for anyone interested in Egyptian mythology and culture.
Here's a quick summary of the sanctuary at Kom Ombo Temple:
- The sanctuary is the innermost chamber of the temple complex.
- It is dedicated to the worship of Horus and Sobek.
- The sanctuary features beautifully decorated walls with carvings and reliefs.
- An elevated platform or altar is in the centre for offerings and sacrifices.
- Access to the sanctuary was limited to the priests and a select few.
- It is a sacred space where devotees seek blessings and guidance from the gods.
Rituals and ceremonies performed in the sanctuary
Various rituals and ceremonies were performed in the sanctuary of Kom Ombo Temple to honour the deities Horus and Sobek. Dedicated priests carried out these religious practices, which played a significant role in the daily life of ancient Egyptians.
The main ritual that took place in the sanctuary was the offering of sacrifices to the gods. These sacrifices could include animals such as bulls, cows, or goats, believed to be offerings of life and sustenance to the deities. The priests would carefully prepare and present these sacrifices, invoking the blessings of Horus and Sobek.
In addition to sacrifices, the sanctuary was a place for prayer and worship. Devotees would come to seek the favour and protection of the gods, often bringing offerings of food, drink, and other valuable items. These offerings expressed gratitude and demonstrated devotion to Horus and Sobek.
Furthermore, the sanctuary served as a space for conducting divination and oracle readings. This involved seeking guidance and answers to important questions or decisions by consulting the gods through various methods, such as interpreting omens or consulting oracles.
Overall, the sanctuary of Kom Ombo Temple was a sacred space where the ancient Egyptians connected with the divine and sought spiritual fulfilment. Through rituals, sacrifices, prayers, and divination, they honoured and revered Horus and Sobek, seeking their blessings and protection in various aspects of their lives.
Carvings and Reliefs
Intricate artwork and inscriptions on the temple walls
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Kom Ombo Temple is the intricate artwork and inscriptions that adorn its walls. These carvings offer a window into ancient Egypt's rich history and culture.
The temple walls are covered with detailed reliefs that depict various scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology, daily life, and religious rituals. These carvings provide valuable insights into the beliefs and practices of the people who once worshipped at the temple.
One prominent theme in the artwork is the depiction of gods and goddesses. The walls are adorned with images of Horus, the falcon-headed god, and Sobek, the crocodile-headed god. These depictions often show the gods in various forms, emphasizing their different attributes and associations.
In addition to the gods, the reliefs also portray pharaohs and other important figures from ancient Egyptian society. These carvings are a visual record of the individuals who played significant roles in the temple's history.
Beyond the mythological and historical depictions, the reliefs also showcase scenes from daily life. These carvings provide glimpses into ancient Egyptian agriculture, trade, and various other aspects of society. They offer a valuable glimpse into the everyday activities of those who lived during that time.
Overall, the intricate artwork and inscriptions on the walls of the Kom Ombo Temple are a testament to the skill and creativity of ancient Egyptian artisans. They provide visitors with a unique opportunity to connect with the past and gain a deeper understanding of the culture and beliefs of this ancient civilization. | history |
https://bestcasino8.net/?p=1336 | 2023-01-31T12:52:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499871.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131122916-20230131152916-00848.warc.gz | 0.979708 | 3,081 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__90571328 | en | The history of modern-day playing cards is shrouded in secrecy, as is the genesis of its design. Instead of being developed by a single person, organization, or nation, the pack that most people are today acquainted with emerged through many hundred years of research and development. Whenever the notion of playing cards got introduced into a new nation, the form and design of the cards got altered to represent the cultural character of the new country’s inhabitants. The manufacturing process got also changed to accommodate the expertise and abilities of the local craftspeople. Due to the complexity of the evolutionary process, it is impossible to determine the specific geographic origin of playing cards with any degree of precision.
Origin of playing cards
Even though several countries claim to have invented playing cards, historical evidence clearly shows that the Chinese were the first to design cards for game purposes. It isn’t unexpected to realize that China was also responsible for the invention of paper, the woodblock printing method, and the first printing system using moveable type. In the design of early Chinese cards, which date back to the 9th century, coins are featured prominently, a theme still often employed as a suit emblem in Spain and other European nations. Apart from this resemblance, traditional Chinese playing cards are opposed to early European ones. Some historians think that playing cards were initially created in Persia (the old name for Iran) rather than China and that they then moved eastward to India and China as a result.
There is an old Persian game known as “As Nas” that uses a smaller pack, and while it is likely that the current pack arose from this source, there is no contemporary evidence to support this idea. Similarly, the circular pattern of early Indian “Ganjapa” cards, made of wood or tortoiseshell, does not appear to have impacted the design of the famous pack of 52 playing cards that we are all acquainted with today. The Chinese created a large variety of packs, each of which differed substantially in terms of design and number of cards. Several historians argue that the initial playing cards were a sort of paper currency created to have a dual purpose, serving as instruments of the game and representing the stakes being wagered itself. This concept is similar to popular modern-day trading card games like Magic: The Gathering and Pokémon, both based on collecting cards.
There is no doubt in the minds of many historians that playing cards were introduced into Europe by troops returning from the Crusades. In support of this allegation, not a single shred of proof can get found. The last Crusades ended in 1291, more than a hundred years before the first recorded mention of playing cards in Europe appeared in a book.
Similarly, the widely held belief that gypsies were responsible for introducing playing cards into Europe is without foundation. It is apparent from historical documents that playing cards were in use in Europe even before the arrival of the gypsies in the region.
National types and suit systems
By around 1500, three major suit systems had emerged:
- The French suit system (which has since been known as the ‘Anglo-American’ suit system).
- The Germanic suit system (which includes German and Swiss suits).
- The Latin suit system (including Italian, Spanish and Portuguese).
At the same time, the judicial hierarchies were becoming more standardized but with slight variations depending on the locality. However, other students prefer to perceive a religious, social, or political meaning in the suit symbols, which may have had a semi-symbolic value or been borrowed from a foreign language. Others believe the suit symbols reflect the popular culture at the time.
As a result of these suit systems and court hierarchies, numerous Standard National patterns, also known as National Types, emerged that were identified with some regions of tax jurisdictions. Many of these have remained essentially unmodified for centuries, having been passed down through the generations while retaining their archaic, medieval qualities. While others have developed into contemporary forms, this may have occurred due to the self-affirmation of national identity in nations with recently acquired independence from imperial authority. Because of globalization and the widespread use of computers, conventional playing card designs are becoming more consistent on the one hand while providing increasing chances for customization and creativity on the other.
The imagery used on cards
It took years for other applied crafts to establish the repertory of designs that would eventually get used in playing cards. In the medieval period, it was customary for artisans to work from models drawn on pieces of vellum and pasted into sketchbooks before beginning their work. Hundreds of copies of these models were made repeatedly, allowing images to travel throughout workshops and from master to pupil. Pictures were taken while traveling overseas frequently featured mistakes in observation and proportion, exacerbated by future copying and reproduction.
However, while the social structure at the court inspired the main court card hierarchy, much of the secondary imagery on early playing cards resemble the figures that recur in the borders and marginal drollery of illuminated manuscripts: miniature illustrations and trompe l’oeil of tapestries, carving, and sculpture. The topic was usually a light-hearted allusion to tournaments, cavorting youngsters, or mock battles between animals. It was typically surrounded by fruits, flowers, acanthus leaves, birds, monkeys, and grotesques, among other things. Playing cards were made by artists whose primary source of revenue may or may not have been the sale of playing cards themselves. The painters’ abilities varied: while some artists could depict standard topics stereotypically, others were able to reimagine scenarios from scratch.
Written writings, such as hunting manuals, mystery plays, and morality tales, would have impacted the designs. Flowers from the herbal, animals from the bestiary, and birds and insects from the Hours books, all evoking symbolism, a semiotic language, and echoing the ordinary world of popular beliefs and folklore, were represented in the exhibition.
Luxury hand-painted packets were only available to a select few, who savored them in solitude or with a small group of friends. The printed or mechanically generated versions, which were cruder in design and execution, were viewed by a more significant number of people at the same time but were more prone to deterioration with time.
The rise in demand for cultural items spurred the development of more efficient and cost-effective production processes, such as woodcuts, moveable type, paper instead of parchment, and many copies of the same work. As card-playing became increasingly popular, alternative procedures, such as hand-made cards, cards printed from woodblocks or stencils, or other improvised techniques, helped to hasten the manufacture of cards and increase their availability.
Early packs used artisan card creation methods, which were time-consuming yet resulted in extremely durable cards. It was made of numerous sheets of paper that got pasted together to form a pasteboard. More costly cards were made from copper engravings, which required the talents of a goldsmith and an engraver, and were then lighted with a variety of colors, including gold and silver, to make them more valuable. These cards contain more detail and more organic use of line than the previous ones. This type of package was presented as a wedding gift, bequeathed as heirlooms, and considered a precious object. Depending on the situation, they were frequently made for collectors or as curios for regal display cabinets.
Casino card games
The growth of card games has been a fascinating process to watch. Casino and online gaming are becoming increasingly popular. The traditional card games that have been enjoyed throughout the world for centuries are guaranteed to undergo a further transformation due to new technological developments. In casinos, a wide variety of card games are available to be played by patrons. The cards themselves, used in card games, are now public in two different materials: card stock and plastic.
Most nations have their current deck configurations, but the French format of Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs, and Spades is the most widely used in casinos worldwide and has existed in France from the beginning of the game’s existence. The history of card games and their development inside the casino is a fascinating subject to study. Man’s fascination with gambling may be dated back to 600 BCE. Still, it wasn’t until the first legal casinos opened their doors in the early 1930s that gambling was able to transition from back alleyways and shady saloons to respectable establishments. Over the years, casino gambling has expanded to include a wide range of activities, with card games, in particular, becoming increasingly popular. The evolution of casino card games has been spectacular, beginning in the back alleys and progressing to the increasing popularity of new online casino games.
In the nineteenth century, the Americans were the first to introduce poker to the world. The number of cards used in modern-day poker differed from the number of cards used in poker in the nineteenth century. Back then, each participant would draw five cards from a deck of twenty cards, dealt face down.
This game was quite popular among boat crew members since it was a fun way to spend time while also earning extra money. Gamblers used to hang out at saloons. However, as the casinos progressed, players began to use a pack of 52 cards rather than a single deck of 20 cards.
Additionally, they establish specific rules and points for each card to make the game more fascinating for everyone. On the other hand, poker did not remain confined to the casinos. It also found its way onto television in the 1970s, thanks to shows like “World Series of Poker” and other similar programs. Poker has now made its way into the digital realm, with online sites where you can register as a permanent visitor and play poker anytime you want to earn some money.
While other card games are available at casinos, the most popular ones are blackjack and poker, both available at most casinos. According to one blackjack hypothesis, the French invented the game in the 17th century, and it got first played there. Even though the game was known by the name Vingt et un, the rules and structure of the game were quite similar to those of modern-day blackjack.
However, some minor distinctions, such as the dealer’s ability to double up, and the betting techniques, were also significantly different from those in the United States. Most people, especially those who enjoy gambling, are familiar with the modern-day blackjack card game invented in 1821. Today, this game, also known as the Comparing Card Game, is the most popular and favored game played in casinos worldwide.
Were cards invented for playing games?
In specific early packs of cards, it is disputed whether or not they were meant for use in a game in the first place. The super-rich who could purchase lighted cards decked with gold could engage in self-indulgent, narcissistic pleasures by buying cards meant to be looked at, admired, and studied. They were more than simply a toy; individuals could decipher the symbols and inscriptions, make comparisons, and discern more profound significance.
Man’s intellect enjoys categorizing and classifying his experiences the elements, cardinal points, lunar cycles, virtues, celestial spheres, temperaments, taxonomies, and hierarchies are some of the categories and classifications that he enjoys. As a practical “mnemonic” or mechanism for depicting life’s essential truths, a memory aid or teaching tool, and a means of compressing knowledge, playing cards are an excellent choice. There are no restrictions on the subject matter, ranging from botany to heraldry and from cosmology to geography.
As an example, Thomas Murner, a Franciscan friar, produced a deck of instructional cards in 1507 that is still in use today. Political humor has also served as a source of inspiration for the design of playing cards. Until the latter part of the 18th century, the backs of playing cards were left plain white. However, the difficulty with this was that card backs got easily marked during play, and as a result, they became identifiable by an opponent. Because it was too expensive to purchase another fresh pack, any damaged cards were returned to the workshop for cleaning. The white backs of playing cards got frequently used for secondary purposes. It included currency, visiting cards, and library classification cards until some playing card manufacturers began printing repeating geometric patterns, such as stars or dots, on the reverse of the cards to alleviate this problem.
Cards for the masses
Like dice or a roulette wheel, Cards are employed as a randomizing technique in various gambling games, including blackjack. The guidelines are typically straightforward: a banker may or may not be present, depending on the circumstances. Games of skill have a lower chance element than games of chance. The skill becomes more decisive via the use of technologies such as bidding, capturing, collecting, merging, and increasingly complicated rules and procedures.
Both types of games have been played in Europe since the invention of playing cards in the 16th century. The widespread usage of cards for gambling is demonstrated by the prohibition of card games and preachers’ denunciation of card games. It was poker, a hobby that drew card sharps, gamblers, swashbucklers, and other outlaws who made a livelihood by their wits. The emotional outbursts and bad behavior that occurred due to losing were deemed unethical.
Playing cards are typically used for two primary purposes:
gambling and participation in skill games. Their emergence gave a new option to more cerebral games such as chess and draughts and more chance-based games such as dice and knuckle-bones games. They introduced a new method of telling fortunes and practicing sleight of hand.
Card games are a reflection of the society in which they are played. A simple way of looking at it, playing cards might be thought of as conduits for popular culture and taste.
The development of printing is a product of the modern age. Consequently, the growth of playing cards as a mass-produced product got dramatically accelerated, and they became a part of popular culture throughout Europe. Printing made it possible for information and culture to be conveyed more effectively. It also boosted the paper manufacturing industries due to its invention.
As a result, playing cards and card games permeated everyday life, affected society, and eventually became a part of European popular culture (or subculture) – spreading as far as North Africa. As early as the fifth century, playing cards and card players first appeared in chronicles and archives. We learn that they were disapproved of or forbidden by religious and secular authorities as soon as they appeared in Europe. Society gradually grew more open and less reliant on tight restrictions. Within a few hundred years of the sixteenth century, a rich vocabulary of descriptive phrases and famous sayings had made their way into ordinary English and literature about card playing, including metaphors based on cards and card games. | history |
https://www.inuitcircumpolar.com/news/september-30th-a-national-day-to-honour-reconciliation/ | 2021-10-24T15:46:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323586043.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024142824-20211024172824-00715.warc.gz | 0.934586 | 456 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__72909350 | en | September 30, 2021 – Ottawa, Canada – Today, Canada has a new federal statutory holiday called the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. It’s a day to commemorate the history and ongoing trauma caused by the residential schools, and to honour the survivors, and the families, and indeed entire communities who continue to grieve for those who were lost.
“The creation of a national day for truth and reconciliation is an important step towards healing,” said Inuit Circumpolar Council President Monica Ell-Kanayuk. “Healing takes time, in some cases it will take a lifetime. Many Inuit are on the healing path. Our communities need healing as a result of the intergenerational trauma passed down from relatives over the decades. A day like this allows everyone in Canada to reflect on what happened as a result of the residential schools. This year especially, with the discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves of Indigenous children on the grounds of former residential schools, we have reason to pause and reflect on the profound meaning of truth and reconciliation.”
In June 2021, the House of Commons unanimously passed legislation to make September 30th a National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. The designated paid holiday for federal employees also addresses one of the 94 calls to action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission: “We call upon the federal government, in collaboration with Aboriginal peoples, to establish, as a statutory holiday, a National Day for Truth and Reconciliation to honour survivors, their families, and communities, and ensure that public commemoration of the history and legacy of residential schools remains a vital component of the reconciliation process.”
“I’m sure we will see a lot of people wearing orange shirts today,” said Monica Ell-Kanayuk. “Symbols are important. Wearing an orange shirt, or displaying an orange flag, or an orange ribbon shows you care and helps in our national healing process. I commend provinces and territories who have come on board and also declared a statutory holiday today so that more people can take the time to reflect on what happened. We’re all in this together.”
+1 613 668-1923 | history |
http://checksix.de/Reviews/Museums/Museo-Storico-Dell--Aeronautic/museo-storico-dell--aeronautica-militare.html | 2018-02-25T09:58:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816351.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225090753-20180225110753-00114.warc.gz | 0.971367 | 3,296 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__44315255 | en | Italian art and architecture, Italian fashion and design, the excellent Italian cuisine as well as the entire Italian way of life - all this is admired and appreciated all over the world. The Italian automotive industry has produced such legendary brands as FERRARI, LAMBORGHINI or MASERATI, motorcycles of the DUCATI or APRILIA brands not only compete on the racetracks with the major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers, but also on the favor of the worldwide clientele - above all in the upper segment. Far less known is that there was (and still is) a high-performance aircraft industry in Italy, whose products often represented not only the pinnacle of contemporary technology, but also significantly influenced the development of aviation technology. There were even times when the achievements of Italian designers and the performance of Italian pilots were more frequently featured on the front pages of relevant magazines than those of other nations.
Perhaps one of the reasons why names such as CAPRONI, SAVOIA MARCHETTI, BREDA or CANT, just to name a few, are less familiar, compared to NORTH AMERICAN, SUPERMARINE, MITSUBISHI or MESSERSCHMITT, is that outside Italy relatively few (good) preserved exhibits from Italian production can be found. Anyone interested in aircraft and aeronautical engineering, made in Italy, must also go there to admire these rare and fascinating gleaming achievements of Italian engineering. By far the best place to visit is located some 45 km north of Rome, in the small town of Vigna di Valle, on the picturesque Lago Bracciano. There is the MUSEO STORICO AERONAUTICA MILITARE. This is the official museum of the Italian Air Force. On an area of a size of total 13,000m2 the one who is technically and historically interested in Italian aviation can admire almost 80 exhibits.
The interior exhibition is divided into 4 exhibition halls, which guide the visitor through more than 100 years of aviation history from an Italian point of view in chronological order. A peculiarity is that, with two exceptions, there is no machine that does not come from the hands of an Italian designer, or at least did not fly in the service of the Italian Air Force. The two exceptions are a Junkers J.1 (only fuselage segment), which was captured in 1917 by Italian troops, and a replica of a Wright Flyer. Even the world's only preserved copy of a LOHNER Type L flying boat from the Austrian Empire's k.u.k. MARINE has a connection to the Italian aviation industry. A replica of this construction was manufactured by NIEUPORT-MACCHI under the designation L.1. A total of 14 units were built, a further development of this Austrian flying boat was the extremely successful MACCHI M.5.
After the first manned motor flight by the Wright brothers, it was above all the European nations that drove the development of aviation with great enthusiasm and ingenuity. This was further reinforced by the requirements of the First World War. In addition to Germany, France and Great Britain, the then Italian Kingdom also played a major role. Although the Italian aviation forces (CORPO AERONAUTICO MILITARE) during the war of 1915-1918 were predominantly equipped with French material, the licensed design of various samples allowed the local designers to gain enough experience to be able to make the technological connection. In the postwar period, Italians were able to build up a powerful aerospace industry, despite some major economic difficulties. In the 1920s and 1930s, the products of Italian companies achieved a number of world records, some of which are still in existence today!
In 1911, at a time when aviation was still in its infancy, a French industrialist named Jacques Schneider initiated a competition that was to go down in history as the SCHEIDER CUP (original name: Coupe d'Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider). This developed into a technological race of the then leading aviation nations, above all Great Britain, the USA, France and of course Italy. The winner of the cup had to win three times in a row (within 5 years) flying on a circuit race course. Although the Italian team was able to win several times (1920/1921 and 1926), but ultimately had beaten by the British company SUPERMARINE, which on September 13th, 1931 the won the cup for the United Kingdom with a S.6B achieving a cruising speed of 547.31 km/h. However, the S.6B made its victory flight without an opponent - their competitor, the MACCHI-CASTOLDI MC.72, had not been finished in time! One year later, this race.plane achieved the unbeaten world record for piston-powered seaplanes - 709.2 km/h!
The MUSEO STORICO features 4 race seaplanes of this era: the winner of the 1926 US competition, a MACCHI M.39, a M.67 of 1929, the world record holder, the MC.72 an a FIAT C.29 (which never took part in a race).
Due to the numerous, high-profile successes, the domestic aircraft industry received a not inconsiderable number of export orders until the beginning of World War II - and not only with various European neighbors, such as Austria, Hungary or the former Yugoslav Kingdom. Thus, 85 pieces of the twin-engine bomber FIAT Br.20A CICOGNA were delivered to the Japanese Empire (unfortunately there is not a single survivor of this type). The SAVOIA-MARCHETTI SM.79 SPARVIERO was exported to Lebanon and Brazil. The SM.79 was a three-engine bomber and was produced in relatively large numbers (until June 1943, 1,217 units were manufactured). Particularly successful (and feared) was the SM.79 as a torpedo bomber. Two aircraft of this medium bomber have been preserved to this day. One stands in the MUSEO dell'AERONAUTICA GIANNI CAPRONI / Trento, the other in the MUSEO STORICO.
Especially popular in the export market was the FIAT Cr.32 fighter biplane (the abbreviation Cr stands for the name of the designer: Celestino Rosatelli). The prototype called MM.201 had its maiden flight on April 28th, 1932. Powered by a FIAT A.30RA twelve-cylinder V-engine, producing 600-hp, this successful design proved to be at least equal to all contemporary single seat fighters, in many cases even as superior. This was impressively demonstrated by Italian and Spanish pilots in the Spanish Civil War. The most famous flying ace of the National Spaniard, Commandante Joaquin Garcia Morato, scored 36 of his total of 40 kills on this machine. Morato preferred the extremely agile biplane even to the modern and much faster Messerschmitt Bf-109B! Of the total of 1052 built aircraft of this type (other sources speak of 1212 built machines, including 100 units manufactured under license in Spain called Hispano HA-132L CHIRRI), only two have been preserved: one of them is in the MUSEO del AIRE in Cuatro Vientos / Madrid, the other one is in Vigna di Valle (both machines are Spanish licensed copies).
Despite these (at least to the outside) very media-effective successes, from the mid-1930s the Italian companies lost more and more the connection to technological progress. Particularly in the field of engine development, the Italians were deposed by the British and Germans, as well as by the Americans. While engines, such as the legendary Rolls Royce MERLIN or the Daimler Benz DB 601, have already reached the power range of well over 1000 hp, their Italian counterparts were still working at just 850 - 900 hp. Incidentally, this does not only apply to in-line engines, it did not look much better with radial engines either. The French Gnome Rhone 14N-2 delivered in its first variant almost 1060 hp, its Italian counterpart, the FIAT A.74 made it just 870 hp - both engines were produced from 1937. Most Italian radial engines were at least technologically based on US or British models, only without access to the materials used there (especially special alloys) and the high-quality fuels and lubricants, which were mainly used in the US, the Italian engines could not reach the required performance.
One reason why the Italians lagged behind technologically before the outbreak of World War II was certainly not due to the (in) capacity of domestic engineers, but can be attributed, at least to a large extent, to the responsible politicians and Military who fell into disrepair of their own propaganda and thereby weighed in a deceptive security. New developments and advancements were not forced, funds for research were not released and the impending, emerging conflict was believed to be able to offer quite an edge with the existing material. This was clearly evident in the further development of the FIAT Cr.32, the model Cr.42 FALCO. While all other nations used modern all-metal monoplanes (Supermarine SPITFIRE, Hawker HURRICANE, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Mitsubishi A6M or Curtiss Model 75), Italy still believed in the biplane configuration!
Unlike its predecessor, which had a V-12 cylinder aircraft engine, the Cr.42 was powered by the aforementioned FIAT radial engine A.74 RC.38, which provided the FALCO a top speed of about 450 km/h. The Cr.42 was thus, at least at the beginning of the war, still a serious opponent. In the hands of an experienced pilot, a well-flown FALCO was a deadly weapon. If the FALCO could keep up with the British Gloster GLADIATOR II or Hawker HURRICANE Mk.I fighters in the years 1939-1940 due to its excellent maneuverability, then it was hopelessly outperformed at the emergence of later models such as the SPITFIRE Mk.V or the North American P-51B MUSTANG. The last Cr.42 were used by the German LUFTWAFFE for pilot training and also as a night combat aircraft for partisan fighting (in the night battle group NSGr. 9). A total of 1,800 machines were built by the FIAT works in Turin (the exact number can not be determined exactly to this day). Of these, just four machines have survived - one of which is displayed in the MUSEO STORICO.
The achievements of Italian design engineers are impressively demonstrated by another exhibit of the museum. The CAPRONI CAMPINI N.1 was the second jet-propelled aircraft in the world. On August 27, 1940, this interesting machine took off for its maiden flight at the Aeroporto Taliedo (near Milan) - interestingly enough, the day exactly one year after the Heinkel He 178 had its maiden flight. However, the concept of the N.1 turned out to be a technological dead-end. In contrast to the He 178 or the British Gloster E28 / 29, which were both powered by a jet engine, the N.1 had a so-called motorjet engine. A three-stage compressor (turbine) was powered by a conventional piston engine (a 900 hp ISOTTA FRASCHINI L.121 R.C.40). The compressed air thus flowed through a pipe into an afterburner area where fuel is injected and ignited, thus generating a thrust. The testing of the prototypes provided a relatively weak performance, the machine did not even reach a top speed of 400 km/h and was thus just as fast as the biplane of the Cr.32 series. Due to the collapse of Mussolini's government in mid-1943, the continuing bombing of the Italian industrial areas by the Allies (in a bomb attack on Milan one of the prototypes was damaged by this air raid) but also because of insufficient performance, the development was not continued. Although this concept ultimately could not prevail, the N.1 was in many ways trend-setting. It was the first airplane in history that had an afterburner (as well as an adjustable exhaust nozzle). Fortunately, the second prototype (C.C.2) has been preserved and can therefore be admired on display in the MUSEO STORICO.
Despite adhering to the biplane design for fighter aircraft for the REGIA AERONAUTICA (Royal Italian Air Force) in the mid-1930s the development of modern single-engine full-metal monoplane with retractable landing gear started. The result of this development were two very similar aircraft - the MACCHI C.200 SAETTA and the FIAT G.50 FRECCIA. Both machines were fighters were famous for their fantastic maneuverability and very good flight characteristics. Also both were powered by the same engine, which was also installed in the FIAT Cr.42 (FIAT A.74 RC.38 / 14-cylinder, air-cooled radial engine). The lack of a powerful engine, as well as the relatively light armament (2 x Breda-SAFAT 12.7 mm MG's) prevented that the first Italian monoplane fighters could keep up with the contemporary British and German designs.
Of the FIAT G.50 unfortunately only a single copy survived. This is located in the Belgrade Aviation Museum. The MACCHI C.200 does not look much better. One machine is in the NATIONAL AIR FORCE MUSEUM in Dayton / Ohio, the other is in the MUSEO STORICO.
The biggest shortcoming of the Italian aerospace industry in the late 1930s, mentioned several times, was the lack of suitable propulsion systems. Only the availability of licensed built German engines of the type Daimler Benz DB 601A (license designation: Alfa Romeo RA.1000 RC 41-I MONSONE) producing 1,175 HP made it possible to exploit the full potential of the design from the drawing board of Engineer Mario Castoldi. The MACCHI MC.202 FOLGORE, and especially its successor, the MC.205 VELTRO, which was powered by a Fiat RA1050 RC 58 TIFONE (license version of the DB 605A) with 1475 hp take-off power, were more than just a serious and dreaded opponents. Luckily for the Allied pilots, the ceasefire (Sept. 1943) and the splitting up of the REGIA AERONAUTICA into the AERONAUTICA NAZIONALE REUBBLICANA (ANR) and the AERONAUTICA CO-BELLIGERANTE ITALIANA prevented these fast and extremely manoeuvrable fighters from being used on a grand scale, for example, the MC.205 just built in 262 copies, the FIAT G.55 just managed to 274 units. The G.55 shown in Vigna di Valle was built from a G.59 (a FIAT G.59 is also in the museum). In the G.59, a Rolls Royce MERLIN 500 was installed into the fuselage of a G.55. The first flight took place in 1948. It served as an advanced trainer, but was also was used by the Syrian Air Force as a fighter aircraft.
Describing all the exhibits of the MUSEO STORICO AERONAUTICA MILITARE would enormously exceed the scope of this article . Considering the fact that this museum has such a large number of historically and technically rare specimens, this is a pity, but there is a simple solution for that: make sure to visit the museum on your next vacation in Italy ! It is worth it!
Robert Kysela / CHK6
copyright © 1997 - 2016 by Robert Kysela / CHK6 all rights reserved | history |
http://www.bataanmarch.com/r09/history.htm | 2015-08-31T06:41:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644065828.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025425-00154-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.955849 | 961 | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-35__0__42323198 | en | History of the Bataan Death March
Bataan Memorial Death March honors a special group of World War II
heroes. These brave soldiers
were responsible for the defense of the islands of Luzon, Corregidor
and the harbor defense forts of the Philippines.
The conditions they encountered and the aftermath of the battle were
unique. They fought in a malaria-infested region, surviving on half
or quarter rations with little or no medical help. They fought with
outdated equipment and virtually no air power.
On April 9, 1942, tens of thousands of American and Filipino
soldiers were surrendered to Japanese forces. The Americans were
Army, Army Air Corps, Navy and Marines. Among those seized were
members of the 200th
Coast Artillery, New Mexico National Guard.
They were marched for days in the scorching heat through the
Philippine jungles. Thousands died. Those who survived faced the
hardships of a prisoner of war camp. Others were wounded or killed
when unmarked enemy ships transporting prisoners of war to Japan
were sunk by U.S. air and naval forces.
The Army ROTC Department at New Mexico State University began sponsoring the memorial march in 1989 to mark a page in history that included so many native sons and affected many families in the state. In 1992, White Sands Missile Range and the New Mexico National Guard joined in the sponsorship and the event was moved to the Missile Range.
In 2003, for the only time in its history, the memorial march was canceled. Operation Iraqi Freedom required extensive deployment among the units that usually support the march and event could not be safely and efficiently conducted.
Since its inception, the memorial march has grown from about 100 to some 6,500 marchers from across the United States and several foreign countries. While still primarily a military event, many civilians choose to take the challenge.
Marchers come to this memorial event for many reasons - personal challenge, the spirit of competition or to foster esprit de corps in their unit. Some march in honor of a family member or a particular veteran who was in the Bataan Death March or was taken a prisoner of war by the Japanese in the Philippines.
Two Routes Offered
Participants entering the Bataan Memorial Death March may choose between two routes. The different routes are clearly marked with colors/signs directing marchers.
The GREEN route is the full 26.2 mile Bataan Memorial Death March. Awards will be given to the top two finishers in each category. Those marching the 26.2 miles will be able to experience, in part, what the Soldiers endured during their long trek through the Philippines. Participants of this full march will follow signs clearly identifying the GREEN route.
The 26.2 mile memorial march route starts on the White Sands main post, crosses dusty and hilly desert terrain, circles a small mountain and returns to the main post through sandy desert trails and washes. The elevation ranges from about 4,100 to 5,300 feet. Be sure to look at the course description page.
The BLUE route is approximately 14 miles in length. This shorter march is designed for participates who would like to memorialize Bataan but do not wish to march the full 26.2 mile route. There are NO awards given for this march. Participants of this shorter march will follow signs clearly identifying the BLUE route.
We encourage you to learn more about this history before you undertake the memorial march. Armed with this information, the event will likely be more meaningful for you. There are many good books detailing events in the Philippines during World War II. Additionally, an internet search on the Bataan Death March will turn up rich sources of information. We also encourage you to attend the history seminar to be conducted at the White Sands Post Theater the day before the march.
Read the rules to make the most of your march experience, thoroughly read all the rules as well as the safety information. Teams will consist of five people. All five team members must cross the finish line together or be disqualified. Additionally, team captains or a team representative must attend one of the team captain briefings conducted on in-processing day.
In the true Death March, the surrendered had no options. They helped each other through the ordeal just to stay alive. In the memorial event, marchers are encouraged to remember this spirit. People working together from start to finish will gain much more personal reward. In fact, you might want to read some of the comments from past participants, to better appreciate the experience.
Train hard (this is not an event for the out-of-shape), we will see you at White Sands Missile Range! | history |
https://www.lowryjames.com/pages/books/7224/jedidiah-bradley-morse-abraham-jr/map-of-the-northern-part-of-the-united-states-of-america-by-abraham-bradley-jun-io-r-engraved-for | 2020-06-06T06:36:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348511950.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606062649-20200606092649-00009.warc.gz | 0.914403 | 358 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__82005505 | en | Boston: S. Hall, 1797. First Edition. single sheet. Near Fine. With folds as issued, faint offset from folded image. A few minor stains to top edge of map, professionally cleaned with small edge tear repairs. A very nice solid copy of an early desirable map. Copperplate engraving on laid paper. Sheet size: 42 x 25.3 cm. Plate mark: 40.8 x 22.5 cm.
A fine example of Early American Mapmaking by Abraham Bradley, Jr, engraved by B. Callender prior to the Louisiana Purchase showing the Northern Part of the United States from the Canadian border across the Great Lakes, down through central Virginia, just south of Norfolk and west to the Kentucky Frontier. The Eastern Seaboard towns represented in detail along with rivers and tributaries, military forts, native encampments and court houses.
Alexander Bradley, (Conn. 1767-1838) lawyer then judge in Pennsylvania who became assistant postmaster general and supervised the move of the general post office from Philadelphia to Washington DC.
Known for his excellence in detailed mapmaking, as well as his knowledge of postal routes, he created to the first official map used by the US Postal Department, which became the standard by 1825. In 1803 Thomas Jefferson wrote to Bradley requesting an early copy of one such map. (Howes 839; Ristow 70-1; Sabin 50923)
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-41-02-0206. Near Fine. Item #7224
Lowry-James Rare Prints & Books
Fine & Rare Natural History c.1600-1900
PO Box 1294 Langley, WA 98260 US | history |
http://www.seiklejad.org/projektiblogi/training-course-conflict-resolution-through-storytelling-pt-2-in-malta | 2023-12-10T01:46:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00622.warc.gz | 0.946251 | 499 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__144239700 | en | On the 22nd of May, the three Musketeers Anton, Kadi & Loora found themselves reunited and ready for another adventure. This time, their journey led them to the enchanting island of Malta, where the sun's appropriate warmth already hinted at the impending summer. In the days leading up to the training, they explored the historic streets of Valletta, the timeless beauty of the silent city, and ventured into the ancient archaeological sites that dot Malta's landscape. With their sense of wonder awakened, they were now prepared to delve into the art of conflict resolution through storytelling.
Our experiences from the heart of Bosnia and Herzegovina still resonated within us, and we were eager to expand our storytelling prowess to address conflicts. In familiar company from the previous Sarajevo workshops and some new faces, we began our journey. The first lesson was clear: to resolve a conflict, one must first understand it. And so, we delved deep into the annals of history and explored contemporary disputes, wars, and complex relationship dramas, seeking to uncover the diverse types and root causes of conflicts.
Intriguingly, we discovered that each conflict could be perceived in myriad ways, depending on the parties involved and the perspective of the bystanders. Over the following days, we engaged in profound discussions on the motivations driving conflicting parties, a topic that proved as intricate as it was enlightening. Finally, we examined real-life examples of conflict resolution, discovering that the classification of "good" and "bad" resolutions was itself subjective and depended on one's point of view.
The week in Malta passed even more swiftly than our previous adventure in Sarajevo. Our days were filled with intensive group work, stimulating discussions, and a wealth of knowledge gained from both history and new international friendships. Malta, with its charming blend of international influence and local charm, compact size and vast historical significance, and occasional contrast between dry and rainy weather, provided the backdrop for a memorable journey.
Our hearts brimming with newfound insights and friendships forged, we left Malta with a promise to return someday, knowing that this island had more stories to tell and conflicts to resolve, and we would be ready to craft narratives that bridged divides and brought people together.
With stories & love
Hanna-Loora Bobrov, Anton Neidre, Kadi Remann
Projektikogemused alates 2021-st aastast. | history |
https://sjcmastergardeners.wordpress.com/2014/05/23/flower-of-remembrance/ | 2018-03-24T09:47:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257650188.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180324093251-20180324113251-00294.warc.gz | 0.962737 | 559 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__178311969 | en | Red poppies have long been a symbol of eternal sleep, resurrection and love: In ancient mythologies of Greece and Rome, poppies were given as offerings to the dead; in Urdu they are sometimes a symbol of martyrdom; and in classic Persian literature, the red poppy is a flower of love and often represents those who died for love. Well into the 20th Century, poppies were used as emblems on tombstones. And since World War I, Papaver rhoeas, or the red-flowered corn poppy, has been the flower of remembrance for fallen soldiers.
The flower’s opiate qualities help explain its relationship to “eternal sleep,” and the red color its role as a symbol of death. But Papaver rhoeas is also a highly successful plant — quickly self-seeding, adaptable, happy in disturbed soil, bad-tasting to grazing animals, and a scourge of agriculture for centuries.
In other words: A weed. But why would a weed come to honor fallen soldiers?
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row…
The poppies that McCrae saw growing wild in the battlefields were Papaver rhoeas. The disturbed ground caused by trench warfare had proved irresistible to the red-flowered corn poppy.
Published in 1915, In Flanders Fields became one of the most popular poems of war — inspiring American professor Moina Michael to compose a poem in reply, We Shall Keep the Faith:
That grows on fields where valor led;
It seems to signal to the skies
That blood of heroes never dies…
Michael also began the tradition of wearing a red poppy on Memorial Day in the U.S., and made and sold red poppies made of silk (called “Buddy Poppies”) to raise funds to aid disabled veterans and their families. In 1922, Veterans of Foreign Wars adopted Michael’s program and became the first veterans organization to nationally sell Buddy Poppies.
In Flanders Fields has since become one of the most frequently quoted English-language poems of the first World War, translated into numerous languages over the years; McCrae himself is an iconic personage in Canada, his birthplace now a historical museum. Moina Michael helped launch a memorial poppy program in France, and was honored with a commemorative stamp in 1948 for her humanitarian work.
And today in the U.S., Buddy Poppies are made by veterans, providing financial and therapeutic benefit to thousands of disabled vets and their families.
For more on the work of Veterans of Foreign Wars, visit VFW.org.
All images from Wikimedia Commons. | history |
https://www.bonsellamericana.com/us-flag-laws | 2019-09-17T15:07:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573080.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917141045-20190917163045-00186.warc.gz | 0.916987 | 945 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__181377166 | en | United States Flag Laws
FLAG RESOLUTION OF 1777
Resolved, that the flag of the thirteen United States be 13 stripes alternate red and white: that the union be 13 stars, white, in a blue field, representing a new constellation.
Passed June 14, 1777
FLAG ACT OF 1794
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the first day of May anno Domini one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, the flag of the United States, be fifteen stripes alternate red and white. That the Union be fifteen stars, white in a blue field.
Approved, January 13, 1794.
FLAG ACT OF 1818
Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the fourth day of July next, the flag of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; that the union have twenty stars, white in a blue field.
Sect. 2. And be it further enacted, That on the admission of every State into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag; and that such addition shall take effect on the fourth day of July next succeeding such admission.
Approved, April 4, 1818.
1905 Trademark Act
AN ACT To authorize the registration of trade----marks used in commerce with foreign nations or among the several States or with Indian tribes, and to protect the same…
SEC. 5. U.S.C, title 15, sec. 85. That no mark by which the goods of the owner of the mark may be distinguished from other goods of the same class shall be refused registration as a trade--mark on account of the nature of such mark unless such mark--
(a) Consists of or comprises immoral or scandalous matter.
(b) Consists of or comprises the flag or coast of arms or other insignia of the United States or any simulation thereof, or of any State or municipality or of any foreign nation, or of any design or picture that has been or may hereafter be adopted by any fraternal society as its emblem, or of any name, distinguishing mark, character, emblem, colors, flag, or banner adopted by any institution, organization, club, or society which was incorporated in any State in the United States prior to the date of the adoption and use by the applicant…
Executive Order 1556 Signed by President William H. Taft on June 24th, 1912
It is hereby ordered that all National Flags and Union Jacks for the Department of the Government, with the exception noted under (a), shall conform to the following proportions:
Hoist (width) of Flag -------------- 1
Fly (length) of Flag ---------------- 1.9
Hoist (width) of Union ------------ 7⁄13
Fly (length) of Union --------------- .76
Width of each stripe --------------- 1⁄13
When in the manufacture of any flag under these specifications the resulting dimensions appear as fractions of an inch, such fractions shall be taken as the nearer inch. In the event of a fraction of one half inch, the whole inch greater shall be adopted.
Union Jacks: The size of the Jack shall be the size of the Union of the National Flag with which it is flown.
Number of Stars: All National Flags having hoist less than five (5) feet, except colors to be carried by troops, and the corresponding Jacks, shall have only thirteen (13) stars in the Union, in order that the identity of the stars may be plainly distinguishable.
Position and size of Stars: The position and size of each star for Unions of forty-eight (48) and thirteen (13) stars, respectively, shall be as indicated on blueprint of a plan which will be furnished to the Departments by the Navy Department. From this plan can be determined the location and size of stars for flags of any dimensions. Extra blueprints of this plan will be furnished upon application to the Navy Department.
Order effective: All National Flags and Union Jacks now on hand or for which contracts have been awarded shall be continued in use until unserviceable, but all those manufactured or purchased for Government use after July 4, 1912 shall conform strictly to the dimensions and proportions herein prescribed.
The color of the field of the President's Flag shall be blue.
WM. H. TAFT
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 24, 1912 | history |
https://lizdean.info/discovering-the-origins-of-the-tarot-saturnalia/ | 2024-02-25T21:44:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474643.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225203035-20240225233035-00722.warc.gz | 0.951199 | 714 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__34806837 | en | The Duke’s Tarot Inheritance: Saturnalia
The Tarot’s ‘characters probably evolved from the Roman festival of Saturnalia, which took place around Christmas time each year. This is also the principal theory of the often-quoted librarian and Tarot researcher Gertrude Moakley who in 1966 published The Tarot Cards Painted by Bonifacio Bembo for the Visconti-Sforza Family (who painted the cards, however, is another subject in itself).
According to Moakley, during the Roman Saturnalia festival, slave and master became equal, and the people in Italian cities celebrated by dressing up in costumes and masks. The festival consisted of a lavish procession of ‘triumphs’ in chariots – actors dressed as major arcana characters – culminating in the ritual murder of the Carnival King, or Bagatino. The source we have for this is Petrach’s poem I Trionfi, or ‘The Triumphs’ of 1354, which predates the earliest tarot cards. In it he describes how the procession told a story of ‘triumphs’, as follows, beginning with:
1 The Lovers, followed by:
2 Chastity (Temperance), which triumphs over the Lovers, or love; followed by:
3 Death, which triumphs over Chastity. Then came:
4 Fame (Judgement), which outlives Death, followed by:
5 Time (The Hermit), which triumphs over Fame. (In fact, the earlier tarot cards show the Hermit with an hourglass to represent time, which later became a lantern in the Rider Waite Smith deck). Then finally comes:
6 Eternity (The World), which triumphs over Time.
The Duke’s Tarot Carnival
In the Duke of Milan’s day, many years later, the carnival would have included more tarot characters: Justice, The Hanged Man and the cosmic cards, The Sun, The Moon and The Star. The crowd would have laughed at the obvious sexual reference of Temperance with her cups and Strength, shown as a man with a phallic club. Other cards that may have been part of the procession because they appeared in the early decks have been abandoned, however, as tarot continued its 600-year journey: Faith, Hope and Charity. These ‘lost’ cards made sense in the original decks, as they fit perfectly with the other ‘virtue’ cards of the major arcana: Temperance, Strength and Justice.
Faith Her signifiers are a cross, for her faith, and a chalice, symbolising the vessel of Christ.
Hope Her signifier is an anchor, the sailor’s symbol of safe return from peril.
Charity Her signifier is a pelican, for generosity and the family.
These three cards’ meanings appear to have been absorbed into other cards:
Faith: The High Priestess
Hope: The Star
Charity: Temperance and the High Priestess. This may not be obvious, as the image shows her with a child more in keeping with The Empress. However, in Catholic catechism charity is aligned with Chastity (more the virginal nun, or High Priestess) and the virtue of Temperance.
Images below are from the Cary-Yale Tarot Deck | history |
https://www.dolomitipaganellafuturelab.it/en/once-upon-a-time-60-years-of-winter-tourism-in-andalo/ | 2023-12-05T08:57:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100550.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205073336-20231205103336-00618.warc.gz | 0.973712 | 689 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__195593767 | en | In 1960 the village of Andalo was in the centre of one of the biggest worksites in its history: the construction of the ski runs and lift facilities.
It was 6 May 1959 when the Local Council of Andalo decided to construct the first chairlift connecting Andalo and Cima Paganella. At that time the village was still largely dedicated to the traditional economy of agriculture, forestry, and handicrafts. There were already about 1100 bed spaces in hotels, guesthouses, and holiday homes, with another 500 or so in private apartments, for use exclusively during the summer.
As the Council resolution stated, “adequate facilities for winter sports and pastimes”, were an indispensible premise to initiate a more profitable tourist season compared to summer tourism. The Council was obliged to look after the general interests of the local population, and decided to initiate a project that would establish, “the foundation for a decisive and significant increase in tourism”, which represented the new economic future of the Altopiano della Paganella.
This official deed was impressive for its farsightedness, clarity of intent, and economic audacity. A sum of Lire 85,754,000 was assigned to the realization of the cable car system. It was designed in two stages for both technical-constructional and practical-functional reasons, with an intermediate station at the mid point close to Malga di Terlaga.
This investment, converted to its equivalent value in 2019 according to official ISTAT coefficients, represents about € 1,200,000, which would be a reasonable amount for a local council today, but in the year 1959 it was an exorbitant sum. Suffice to say that in December of the same year the budget approved for the entire following year was substantially less (Lire 63,270,000).
At the same meeting the preliminary project was approved along with the finance plan for the works, which foresaw about a third of the cost being covered by the sale of the wood felled on the Paganella to create the ski runs.
The engineer Lello Prudenza from Turin was appointed for the executive design, on behalf of and in the name of the company FRATELLI MARCHISIO – Funivie, seggiovie – sciovie, with registered office in Turin.
The building and mechanical works started in 1960, exactly 60 years ago, entrusted to the Actis company from Susa, who were specialized in the construction of skiing and cable car facilities. In the record time of little more than a year the project was completed.
It was inaugurated on 22 July 1962 in the presence of numerous officials, including the Minister of Public Works, the honourable Fiorentino Sullo.
Ever since then the tourist economy, in all its different facets, has been gaining strength as the central interest of the Andalo community. From the first modest runs in the 1960s, the ski resort has evolved in both typology and hourly uplift capacity, with multiple additions to the ski runs, becoming one of the major ski and tourist resorts in Trentino.
The decision taken back then has proven to be a very astute foresight. The robust support of the local community, combined with the general creativity that has characterized the overall tourist system, has brought about the universally acknowledged success story we see today. | history |
https://downtowncomics.com/products/graphic-history-hitlers-last-gamble-gn | 2020-10-28T23:47:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107902038.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028221148-20201029011148-00126.warc.gz | 0.925849 | 195 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__157209160 | en | Graphic History Hitlers Last Gamble Graphic Novel
USD $ 9.95
by Dan Abnett & Dheeraj VermaPlanned down to the last detail by Hitler himself, the Battle of the Bulge was the last major German attack on the Western Front. On December 16, 1944, 30 German divisions roared through the Ardennes. The battle that ensued nearly proved disastrous for the Allied forces, with some of the harshest fighting conditions of the war. Under-strength, under-equipped and operating in freezing temperatures, the U.S. Army - notably the 101st stationed in Bastogne - fought back, extinguishing German hopes for victory. Featuring first-hand accounts that give the narrative a profoundly human element, this action-packed comic strip provides readers of all ages with a vivid re-creation of the attack, remembered as the biggest and bloodiest single battle ever to be fought by the U.S. Army in World War II.. | history |
http://www.hillndale.ca/history.html | 2023-09-21T12:27:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00271.warc.gz | 0.961947 | 337 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__251608823 | en | Hill 'N' Dale History
Hill ‘N’ Dale Farms was founded circa 1960 by John Sikura Jr. just outside of the Greater Toronto Area. John Sikura Jr. had a multi-faceted operation, including a racing division, a commercial sales operation, and stood several prominent Canadian stallions.
The farm, named by his wife Gus, reflected the topography of the property.
John Sikura Jr. was perhaps best known as the purchaser of the first yearling in thoroughbred history to bring in excess of $1 million (SECRETARIAT/CHARMING ALIBI). Mr. Sikura also was the purchaser of Eclipse award winner GLORIOUS SONG.
Currently Hill ‘N’ Dale exists both in King City, Ontario (Canada) and in Lexington Kentucky. While there is a great deal of interdependence, the two farms are owned and operated individually by R. Glenn Sikura and John G. Sikura respectively.
Primarily a commercial breeding enterprise, Hill 'N' Dale Canada is a perennial leading consignor in Toronto and represents many Canadian clients selling in the United States. Hill 'N' Dale Canada has a small racing stable and does a limited amount of select boarding.
R. Glenn Sikura is active within the Canadian thoroughbred industry, is the past President of the CTHS Ontario, Past President/Director of the CTHS National division, Past President/Director of the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame, Past President/Director of OHRIA, and sits as the Chief Steward of the Jockey Club of Canada. | history |
https://www.treegenes.nl/en/update-february-2019-transcription-process-of-oral-history-in-depth-interviews-has-started/ | 2019-03-21T23:44:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202588.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20190321234128-20190322020128-00283.warc.gz | 0.952259 | 113 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__191590722 | en | 25 February 2019 @ 22:47
Update February 2019: Transcription process of Oral History in-depth interviews has started
While the final round of cardiovascular measurements is done and the calculations are taking place, the transcription process of the Oral History in depth interviews has started. For these transcriptions, a professional historian has been recruited who specializes in this particular part of historical research. The transcription process is expected to last for many months. Obviously, substantive confidentiality is guaranteed.
If you would like to know more about Oral History, we present you a short description via: | history |
http://savertelongwaveradio.com/clarkstown-radio-transmission-mast/ | 2021-09-24T04:07:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057496.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210924020020-20210924050020-00593.warc.gz | 0.974147 | 839 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__143868805 | en | Radio Tara, a joint venture between RTÉ and Radio Luxembourg, began transmission in September, 1989 as Atlantic 252. Although the transmitter was in Ireland, the station was widely available in Britain and beyond. Atlantic 252 continued to operate until December 2001.
Atlantic 252 was a long wave radio station broadcasting to Ireland and Britain on 252 kHz(1190 metres) from its 1988 purpose built transmission site Clarkstown radio transmitter, which provided service to Atlantic 252 from 1989 until 2002. The station’s studios were located just 12 km (7 mi) away in Mornington House, Summerhill Road, Trim, County Meath. Atlantic 252 also had sales offices and studios at 74, Newman Street in London. In 2002 the station’s former frequency and transmitter were used for the failed TeamTalk 252 project.
The frequency was re-subsumed by RTÉ in 2002 to provide a version of RTÉ Radio 1 to theexpatriate community in Britain from the Clarkstown radio transmitter.
The concept of Atlantic 252 can be traced back as far as August 1986, when Irish state broadcaster RTÉ announced it was to use their allocated longwave channel for a new pop music station. They teamed up with RTL Group/Radio Luxembourg to form Radio Tara – the trading name of Atlantic 252, which being long wave, enabled reception in Britain and Ireland. This was following Chris Cary’s test transmissions from Clogher Head, County Louth in the mid 1980s with 254 kHz Longwave as “Radio Exidy”
In 1987 RTÉ commenced building a giant 3-sided 248 metre broadcast mast in Clarkstown, County Meath, using a specially built pair of both air and water cooled 300 kilowatt solid-state transmitters (which could be combined to give double power) built by Varian Associates, Texas, despite protests from local residents. Studios were set up in Mornington House, in the nearby town of Trim. The station cost £6m to set up. Just over 47m people were in the station’s broadcast area.
At 8am on 1 September 1989, Gary King announced on Atlantic 252, “Mine is the first voice you will ever hear on Atlantic 252.” This was followed by a specially produced pre-recorded introduction tape that introduced everybody employed by the radio station on its launch day, from engineers, administration, management like Travis Baxter and John Catlett, and the station’s personality music presenter lineup including ex-Laser 558 presenter Charlie Wolf, MaryEllen O’Brien, Andrew Turner, Nicky Schiller, Henry Owens, Al Dunne, Tony West and Jeff Graham. An appearance was even made by Rosalyn Reilly – who was to remain the station’s cleaning lady for its entire twelve year history. The first record ever played on Atlantic 252’s test transmission was “Ain’t Nobody” by Rufus and Chaka Khan (’89 Remix); the station’s official “first record ever played” was “Sowing The Seeds of Love” by Tears for Fears shortly after 08:00 local time on 1 September 1989. The second record played was “Monkey” by George Michael.
Although the transmitter was in the Republic of Ireland, the signal’s reach meant that it was often considered to be a “UK” national station – the signal had even been received in Brazil at night-time, with other reception reports from such locations as Berlin, Finland, Ibiza, andMoscow. The Scottish musician Mylo has claimed it was the only station with listenable reception on the Isle of Skye. At launch there were no UK-wide commercial stations (the first being “Classic FM” in 1992), and the lack of a UK broadcast licence attracted the attention of theIBA. Although the transmitters were theoretically capable of being combined to operate at 600 kilowatts output power, International agreements limited the station’s power to a maximum daytime output of 500 kW, or 100 kW at night. | history |
https://homeleasing.net/bartlett-gardens | 2024-04-24T02:02:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818999.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424014618-20240424044618-00499.warc.gz | 0.971191 | 418 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__124387325 | en | Bartlett Gardens is home to adults 62 and older and/or for persons with a disability. Located in the heart of beautiful Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania, the community offers 43 one- and two-bedroom apartments with many modern amenities.
The monthly rent includes all utilities. This is made possible by financing and assistance from federal, state and local government programs, which allows us to provide beautiful and affordable homes to those who qualify.
For the convenience of our residents, the active community center, library, mailroom and laundry room are available onsite. Given the often-changing weather in Cambridge Springs, it is a great advantage to be able to access all of these features without stepping outside.
We offer many planned activities and events in which residents are encouraged to participate. However, residents are can always choose the quiet and solitude of their apartment. Residents are also welcome to reserve the community room at no charge to host an event of their own.
Available Supportive Services
We offer supportive services to those who seek additional assistance in everyday tasks. Whether the need is for help at home or a ride to the grocery store, our staff can put residents in touch with the appropriate parties.
A Historic Building
Bartlett Gardens, previously The New Cambridge House, was built in 1897 on the foundation of The Cambridge Hotel, which was destroyed in a fire. The Cambridge Hotel was the location of a reception held by General Lafayette for former Revolutionary War soldiers in 1820. Years later, Benjamin F. Bartlett purchased the property, changed the name to Hotel Bartlett, and added many luxuries to accommodate tourists in Cambridge Springs. When tourism began to dwindle, Hotel Bartlett was sold to Alliance College and converted into male dormitories until the college was forced to close its doors in the 1970s. In November 1979, the property was purchased and the first and second floors were converted into one- and two-bedroom apartment homes for senior housing. Home Leasing purchased Bartlett Gardens in 2011 and has maintained the integrity of this historic building while providing comfortable homes for independent seniors. | history |
https://sports.abs-cbn.com/basketball/news/2016/12/21/125-years-ago-today-basketball-born-19518 | 2019-02-17T22:23:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247482788.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217213235-20190217235235-00547.warc.gz | 0.982016 | 661 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__45397453 | en | 125 years ago today, Basketball was born
ABS-CBN Sports on Dec 21, 2016 12:26 PM
It all started on a cold winter day with Dr. James Naismith at Springfield, Massachusetts (Photo courtesy of Springfield College).
As much as skeptics say that basketball is not for Filipinos, our country absolutely loves the sport, no question about it.
And for our undying passion for that game with a bunch of guys trying to fight over one ball in order to put it through some hoop, we have one man to thank. And that man is of course Dr. James Naismith.
The good doctor invented the game on this day 125 years ago at the then YMCA College in Springfield, Massachusetts. With the winter of 1891 proving to be too cold for any sort of outdoor sport, Naismith thought of something that could be played indoors.
An old soccer ball and a couple of peach baskets later, the game we now know as basketball was born. And we thank Dr. Naismith for it.
"I buried myself arranging the apparatus all the time watching the boys as they arrived to observe their attitude that day," Naismith wrote in one of his journals recovered by his granddaughter Hellen Carpenter back in 2006.
Naismith was preparing the gym where the supposed first game of basketball was to be played over a century ago.
"I felt this was a crucial moment in my life as it meant success or failure of my attempt to hold interest of the class and devise a new game," Naismith wrote.
Since its inception, basketball received mixed reviews at first before slowly turning into the global juggernaut that it is today.
Part of the sport's growing pains included actual pain as players were playing more football than what Naismith had envisioned.
"The boys began tackling, kicking and punching in the clenches. They ended up in a free-for-all in the middle of the gym floor. Before I could pull them apart, one boy was knocked out, several of them had black eyes and one had a dislocated shoulder," Naismith said in a 1939 radio interview in New York that was found by a University of Kansas professor by the name of Michael Zogry.
Rules were later added and revised to separate basketball from others and as they say, the rest is history.
Basketball was an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and 1924 before it became part of the actual Olympic program in 1936. FIBA was founded four years earlier in 1932.
10 years after basketball became an official Olympic sport, the National Basketball Association was founded in New York City in June of 1946. Locally, the Philippine Basketball Association opened its doors in 1975 following on the footsteps of the old Manila Industrial and Commercial Athletic Association (MICAA).
As for Naismith, the good doctor also later founded the University of Kansas basketball program, one of the most successful in history with NCAA national titles in six Finals and 14 Final Fours.
Naismith died in 1939 but before he finally laid to rest, he knew that the sport he invented wold turn into something big.
"Up until then, he'd just thought of it as a little game," Carpenter said. | history |
http://girlandhersuitcase.com/pompeii/ | 2018-08-18T17:51:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213693.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818173743-20180818193743-00160.warc.gz | 0.979598 | 417 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__14750926 | en | We left Rome to make our way to Sorrento and the Amalfi Coast. We decided last minute to make a quick stop in Pompeii and were so glad we did. Pompeii was so easy to get to and was a highlight of my whole trip. I would definitely make the time to go there if you are traveling to Italy.
Pompeii was a port town with about 2,000 people. In 79 A.D., nearby Mount Vesuvius erupted destroying the city by burying it in volcanic ash and a pyroclastic flow. The city was not rediscovered until much later and was excavated. It is now an incredibly well-preserved sight showing what life in Italy was like centuries ago.
We left from the Termini Station in Rome and took the train to Napoli Central. The fast train only took about an hour. We used Trenitalia.com to buy our train tickets online ahead of time so we would know the schedule. Once in the Naples Station, you have to find the circumvesuviana trains which are downstairs. They are crowded and not comfortable like all the other trains we took in Italy, but it was a quick 30 minute ride. Buy your ticket downstairs to the Pompei Scavi stop and once there, follow the crowd to the Pompeii entrance.
FYI – the train station in Pompeii had luggage storage, which made it an easy stop for us on our way to our hotel in Sorrento. The sight is almost directly across the street from the train station, so it was very easy to find. To find the luggage storage in the Pompei Scavi station, follow signs to the WC downstairs.
There was a long line to get into Pompeii but it moved quickly. We used the Rick Steves Audio Europe App to listen to a free self-guided tour on our phone. Even with the map and the audio guide, we still got lost. This place is huge so make sure to wear comfortable shoes, bring water and snacks, and wear sunscreen. | history |
https://tri-l.com/about/ | 2024-02-25T14:31:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474617.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225135334-20240225165334-00356.warc.gz | 0.984703 | 168 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__3123637 | en | In 1979, Bob Lynch was looking for a better way to move round hay bales on the family farm in Ozark, Missouri. Round balers were beginning to sell, and he decided to put his mechanical engineering background to work. He designed a hay spear which attached to the three-point mount on his tractor. The neighbors were soon asking Bob and his sons to duplicate this!
As farming continued through the years, Tri-L Manufacturing was incorporated and has continued to grow ever since, adding new products, equipment and employees.
Today, Tri-L manufactures 370 products. Our catalog includes not only hay handling items, but also cultivation and cleanup equipment, pallet forks, buckets, adapter plates and much more. As a customer-oriented company, Tri-L designs products to meet the individual needs of the end-user. | history |
https://apln.network/analysis/special-report/special-report-the-crossroads-of-atomic-warfare-in-one-family | 2023-09-26T15:49:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00289.warc.gz | 0.942328 | 558 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__139001027 | en | In a new Special Report titled ‘The Crossroads of Atomic Warfare in One Family,’ published simultaneously by Asia-Pacific Leadership Network, RECNA-Nagasaki University, and Nautilus Institute, Michael Roach, former US Army atomic demolition munitions specialist, provides a remarkable account of multigenerational involvement in nuclear war, including a previously unpublished photo of the starboard nose of the Enola Gay bomber that delivered the first atomic bomb and returned to Tinian airfield, showing the inscription “First Atomic Bomb – Hiroshima – August 6, 1945.”
Michael Roach and his father Kenneth Roach served in the US Army two decades apart on missions that involved the atomic bomb. The prospect of real atomic warfare in Japan in the 1940s, and potential atomic warfare in Korea in the 1960s, brought their lives together historically, but father and son came away from their experiences with completely different conclusions. Roach writes, “He was very proud of his service in helping to carry out a small part in the atomic bombing missions over Japan that ended the war. On the other hand, I am still troubled by the thought that I came so close to such a momentous decision as personally detonating an atomic bomb in a densely populated metropolis on so little historical knowledge and justification. That concern has sent me on a lifetime of learning history and trying to create a more just and equitable world.”
The report sheds light on the US government’s thinking about nuclear weapons, particularly vis-à-vis military operations in Northeast Asia. It also outlines the impracticality and risks of the US strategy to use tactical atomic weapons in Korea in the 1960s.
Click on the adjacent link to download the full report.
About the Author
Michael Roach is a retired renewable energy manager residing in a small Wisconsin farm town surrounded by vast green fields of corn and soybeans. He is currently writing a history of wheat culture using commodity chain analysis. His research is part of a larger project that examines the history of illumination and power technologies, from 18th century whale oil to modern microgrids. He also volunteers his time assisting in the reconstruction of Ukraine using ultra energy efficient modular multifamily housing powered by solar microgrids. He served in US Forces Korea as an Atomic Demolition Munitions engineer in 1968.
Disclaimer: The views represented herein are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asia-Pacific Leadership Network, RECNA-Nagasaki University, and Nautilus Institute, nor their staff or boards.
Image: Rare Photo of the Starboard Side of the “Enola Gay” Parked on the Tarmac in Tinian, 1945 (Collection of Kenneth Roach) | history |
https://kindadifferent.net/wp/index.php/2019/07/29/the-rivers-source-part-1/ | 2023-12-03T00:05:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100476.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202235258-20231203025258-00876.warc.gz | 0.962793 | 1,436 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__242508496 | en | The source of the Mississippi River is the stuff of legends. Let’s excavate them a bit.
Last time out we followed the Rev. William Boutwell as he accompanied an expedition that identified the source of the Mississippi in 1832.
You may have heard the story behind the Northwest Angle, that little landlocked piece of Minnesota jutting above the 49th parallel. I just learned how it came into existence through (mis)information about the Mississippi’s source. We’ll delve into that in this post.
In the next post we’ll peer more deeply into the 1832 Schoolcraft / Boutwell expedition, and also look at four earlier expeditions that came to (what we now consider) incorrect conclusions as to the great river’s headwaters.
Upper Mississippi River, showing (in red) the location now considered the Mississippi’s source, and the location guessed at by 18th century mapmaker John Mitchell. The course of the river is overlaid: running north from Lake Itasca and then east before turning south.
The Northwest Angle
The Angle is one of only six pieces of land in the lower 48 US states that you cannot get to in a wheeled vehicle or on foot without going through another country’s territory — a geographical anomaly called a “practical exclave.” You can take a boat over Lake of the Woods to the Angle; you can fly in; but if you want to drive you have to pass through 52 miles of Canada — 17 miles of that on a dirt road. (Well, in deep winter I suppose you could drive there over the frozen lake.)
The Red Lake Nation of Ojibwa owns 80 percent of the Angle, held in trust by the federal government.
The Angle is the northernmost township in Minnesota and home to the northernmost point in the contiguous 48 states. No bookstore, however. Its population, in 123 square miles of land, is 119.
A portion of John Mitchell’s 1754 map of North America (interactive original). Click the image for a larger version.
An Accidental Mapmaker — The Angle exists because an 18th-century mapmaker guessed at where the source of the Mississippi River was, and guessed it was north of the 50th parallel. He also drew the extremely irregular Lake of the Woods as an oval. This was one John Mitchell, a Virginia doctor and student of flora who moved to London and took up consulting with rich people about exotic plants. He had no background in mapmaking at all, and it’s safe to say he had never set foot or canoe in the northwest territories.
One of Mitchell’s garden clients was the Earl of Halifax, who had been appointed president of the Board of Trade and Plantations in 1748. Halifax was extremely concerned about the possibility of conflict with the French over the North American territories. Turns out he was right to be concerned: what we call the French and Indian War, and the British call the Seven Years’ War, started in 1756.
In 1750 Halifax had asked Mitchell to draw a map of North America that he could use in the halls of Parliament to bolster his case for not compromising with the French. Mitchell drafted one from the sources he could find in London; it proved lacking and Halifax put out a call for the American colonies to send over the best maps they had. Most did so. Using this improved source material, Mitchell produced a second edition map by 1754.
This map was published all over Europe and embodied most of what people on the Continent knew of North American geography up until the early 19th century. The map was printed in eight sheets; when assembled, it measured 6’5” wide by 4’6” tall.
Treaty Negotiations — It was Mitchell’s map that formed the basis for border negotiations in Paris after the Revolutionary War concluded. Ben Franklin had a copy. Here is the wording that ended up in the Treaty of Paris of 1783 regarding the US-Canadian (then, British Territories) border beginning in Lake Superior:
On the assumption that the Mississippi’s source lay to the northwest of Lake of the Woods, this formula would make sense — if a northwestern point on the lake could be identified. In reality it defines a geographically impossible border.
Straightening It Out — That northwestern point of Lake of the Woods was located in 1825, by the second expedition tasked to do so. Already by 1798 the Canadian explorer David Thompson had identified Turtle Lake as the source of the Mississippi (mistakenly, but he was not far off). Those who knew of Thompson’s explorations already credited that the Mississippi’s headwaters lay south of Lake of the Woods, and so had reason to believe that the above definition for a border was nonsense.
In 1818 the contours of the current Northwest Angle border were agreed between the US and England, with the border dropping staight south to the 49th parallel from the designated northwestern-most point of Lake of the Woods. It wasn’t until 1842 that the lines were actually nailed down in a treaty — 17 years after the northwestern point of the lake had been found and 59 years after the Treaty of Paris was signed.
See this 2014 piece in MinnPost for an exhaustive treatise on the history of the US-Canadian border, the inadvertent creation of the Angle, and its defense and maintenance by US negotiators over many decades. US officials persistently rejected any wording that would change the 1783 document under which the nation had gained its independence.
Give It Back? — Early this year an anonymous someone added a petition to the We the People section of the whitehouse.gov website requesting that the US turn over the Northwest Angle to Canada. Even though the story got a fair amount of local press attention, the question garnered only 5,500 signers in a month’s time. The guideline is that 100,000 signers are needed to trigger the White House to look into whatever the question is and to respond. According to the Strib, “Angleites” gave the idea a big thumbs down.
A Road Trip — We haven’t been up to the Northwest Angle yet. Until we go, enjoy this account of a road trip to Angle Inlet by a pseudonymous Minnesotan, “Seth5544,” who blogs about roadside attractions. His lively prose and photos convey the flavor of the journey. A sample:
I would fully expect cell phone coverage to be nonexistent up that way. We lost coverage well before reaching the Lost 40 last year, north of Lake Winnibigoshish, and that’s a good 120 miles to the south. A GPS app should be able to deliver your latitude & longitude, as long as the phone can see 5 satellites in the sky, but don’t expect Google Maps to paint a picture of your location. | history |
https://www.evolves.com.au/impact-colonisation-indigenous-australians/ | 2024-04-18T16:57:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817222.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418160034-20240418190034-00895.warc.gz | 0.968966 | 920 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__65734557 | en | Impact of Colonisation on Indigenous Australians
Indigenous people live all over Australia – from small country towns to large cities, from the fringes of central deserts to remote tropical coasts. They belong to different descent groups and speak many languages. The welfare and health of Aboriginal people living in large cities are different from those living in remote communities, which also differs from those living in Torres Strait.
Approximately 700,000 Indigenous people live in Australia, comprising about 3% of the general population of Australia. These are descendants of people who occupied Australia over 60,000 years ago. There were about 320,000 Indigenous Australians living in Australia during European colonisation; many of them lived in the Murray River valley and its tributaries and in the southeast regions of the country. This article will discuss the effects of colonisation on Indigenous people in Australia–to learn more about Aboriginal diversity and inclusion, click here to read our latest article.
The Effects of Colonisation on Aboriginal Culture
Indigenous Australia has a common story of European colonisation and the forced removal of their children. Before European colonisation, Indigenous people lived in small groups that were part of larger cultural groups within specific territorial boundaries. These small family groups had rules and kinship systems for socialising; they had responsibilities and roles related to education, law, resource management, and spiritual development. Also, they had ceremonies, languages, traditions, and customs, as well as an extensive mastery of their surroundings–Indigenous cultures were incredibly well-developed and strong. Additionally, Indigenous people were self-sufficient, and their children were protected and nurtured.
British colonisation had adverse effects on Indigenous Australians. Indigenous people suffered a lot of injustices, such as being evicted from their traditional territories and being relocated to reserves and missions. They were also subjected to mass killings, and for those who survived, European colonists denied their customs and traditions. Subsequently, the Indigenous people lost many cultural practices. For Indigenous communities, colonisation means violence, massacre, loss, and disease.
European colonisation also resulted in stolen generations within Indigenous Australia–these stolen generations are comprised of Indigenous people who were taken away from their communities and families when they were children.
The removal of Indigenous children occurred during the early days of European colonisation and up until as recently as the 1970’s. It broke vital spiritual, familial, and cultural ties and has left lasting intergenerational impacts on the well-being and lives of Indigenous people.
However, despite the adverse effects of colonisation, Indigenous customs, traditions, and kinship systems are still vibrant, and Indigenous people, communities, and families remain resilient and strong. Wanting to find out if you are of Aboriginal descent? Check out our latest article to learn how.
The Impact of British Colonisation on Indigenous Australia: Diseases
The most immediate impact of European colonisation was a wave of epidemic diseases, such as measles, influenza, and smallpox, which spread ahead of the destruction of many Indigenous Australians and the settlement of colonists. The sexual abuse and exploitation of Indigenous women and girls also caused widespread venereal diseases among Indigenous people.
The Impact of Colonisation on Indigenous Australians: Violence
It’s essential to note that throughout European colonisation, Indigenous people continuously resisted the infringement of their rights to own land, affecting their communities and cultures.
Nearly 20,000 Indigenous Australians were killed by colonial violence during colonisation, and between 1,500 to 3,000 Indigenous deaths resulted from frontier conflicts. According to historical records, Indigenous Australians were hunted and murdered on many occasions; massacres of Indigenous Australians often occurred in the form of driving large crowds of people off cliffs and during mass shootings. There were also many instances of European colonists giving Indigenous Australians food laced with arsenic and other poisons.
The Impact of Colonisation on Indigenous Australians: Agriculture
When Europeans arrived in Australia, they cleared and farmed the land, and came with their preconceived cold-climate ideas of landscape, agriculture, and land ownership.
Before European colonisation, Indigenous people used fire-stick farming practices to manage their land and ensure sustainable food production; however, the events of European colonisation caused profound changes and negative impacts across land and resource management.
The Indigenous people fiercely resisted the colonisers. However, with Europeans’ vast weaponry, disease, massacres, and displacement of Indigenous Australians, European colonisation had horrific effects on Indigenous people, their culture, and their legacy that they are still working to reclaim and preserve today.
Curious to learn more? | history |
http://digitalfabulists.com/david-reddishs-new-novel-the-passion-of-sergius-bacchus/ | 2020-08-12T03:56:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738864.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812024530-20200812054530-00195.warc.gz | 0.941096 | 245 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__91677845 | en | David Reddish’s New Novel THE PASSION OF SERGIUS & BACCHUS
In 357 A.D.:
Engulfed in turmoil, the Roman Empire had divided itself in two: the West, overrun by barbarian marauders, and the East, prosperous, encroaching toward the orient, its borders extending and contracting with battles against Persians. To quell growing civil unrest, Constantine the Great made Christianity the state religion, remaking temples to Jupiter into churches of the Anointed One.
After Constantine’s death, his son Constantius took power as Caesar Augustus, high ruler of the Empire, in Byzantium, new capitol of Rome and home of the Senate, then executed all that remained of their family, save his two cousins, Gallus and Julian.
Constantius appointed Julian, aged only twenty-three, Caesar of the West, custodian of Rome against the pillaging tribes. An academic at heart, no one in the Empire believed he stood a chance leading the armies of Rome, until one day in Gaul, a great battle altered the course of Julian’s career, and changed the lives of two soldiers destined to make history… | history |
http://nama-president.blogspot.com/2005/12/first-article-anniversary_02.html | 2018-06-22T11:14:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864391.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622104200-20180622124200-00157.warc.gz | 0.960986 | 159 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__153388685 | en | July 5, 2005
Forty-eight years ago the first article "Heroin Addiction - A Metabolic Disease" was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine by Drs. Dole and Nyswander.
The original paper on methadone has been published and re-published a number of times. But over the years it is often cited but the original paper is easily forgotten after all this time. Here is an opportunity to download it and read it. It has some surprising insight considering it was written in 1967.
Heroin Addiction - A Metabolic Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 120, July, 1967. (pdf format)*
* Note: Attached to this publication are some files from the early project.
Originally Posted: July 5, 2005 | history |
https://trueviralnews.com/84731-shipwreck-endurance-is-still-bold-and-beautiful-after-a-century-in-antarctic-waters.html | 2023-02-07T19:20:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00673.warc.gz | 0.976798 | 461 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__74230339 | en | The wreck of one of the world's most legendary exploring ships was found in icy waters off the coast of Antarctica, and the pictures from the expedition are incredible.
The discovery comes more than 100 years after the ship Endurance was crushed by sea ice, leaving Ernest Shackleton and his crew to find an alternate route home. The final resting place of the ship was discovered by the expedition Endurance22, which used high-tech underwater search vehicles to find and document the wreck.
In a long career of surveying and excavating historic wrecks, I have never seen one as beautiful and bold as this one.
The team narrowed down the search area because of the records kept by Frank Worsley. The wreck was found four nautical miles south of its last known location. It was found under the surface of the sea.
The ship was in great shape, with paint still visible on parts of it. The ship's wheel and name are still remarkably intact, despite the fact that the ship was crushed in sea ice. Since it is a historic site, nothing will be done to the wreck.
It would appear that the wood-munching animals found in other areas of the ocean are not in the forest-free region, according to a polar biologist. She identified the organisms seen in the images of the wreck as stalked sea squirts, anemones, sponges, brittle stars, and crinoids.
The team used an underwater vehicle to find the wreck. The Sabertooth can travel up to 100 miles away from its ship on its own. Even if the mission's icebreaker couldn't get close to the wreck site, it could send a Sabertooth under the ice to investigate.
The expedition's vehicles were specially designed to locate and map the wreck site. A 3D model of the site will be created by using a laser scanner on the wreck. According to the website of the expedition, the data will allow researchers to see the site with a level of accuracy comparable to an archaeological survey on land.
Other researchers on the expedition were monitoring and measuring sea ice, making detailed maps of the ocean floor, and testing engineering limits in some of the toughest conditions on Earth.
A documentary about the expedition is expected to premiere on National Geographic. | history |
https://runvan.org/chinatown | 2019-07-16T19:07:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524685.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716180842-20190716202842-00472.warc.gz | 0.956598 | 331 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__106812209 | en | Chinatown is one of Vancouver’s five oldest neighbourhoods, dating back to the mid 1800’s. Located on the eastern side of downtown Vancouver, Chinatown was developed in 1866. These first residents immigrated to Vancouver to work on B.C’s railroads and in the coalmines and sawmills.
By 1890 there were over 1,000 members of the Chinatown community and in 1911, Vancouver’s Chinatown became the largest Chinese settlement in Canada with over 3,500 residents. Currently, it remains one of the three largest Chinatowns in North America.
Today, this historic neighbourhood is a vibrant community representing proud Chinese culture and urban renewal. It is home to traditional restaurants, markets, and temples. In addition, the classical Dr. Sun Yat-Sen garden in Chinatown was rated the world’s top city garden and is frequented by locals and tourists. Chinatown also hosts annual Chinese New Year parades in January and February; the parades have over 3,000 performers and draw thousands of spectators to this cultural event.
Half Marathon runners travel through 1.5 KM of Chinatown taking in the rich heritage buildings, authentic markets and also pass through the famous Chinatown Gate which was erected for the City’s Golden Jubilee. Half Marathoners are sure to be captivated by this short, but distinct section of their 21.1KM journey.
- Guide to top tourist attractions in Vancouver:
- Wok Around Chinatown (tour) – 578 Carrall St, Vancouver
- Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Garden – 578 Carrall St, Vancouver | history |
https://www.hillingdonlabour.org/hillingdon-conservatives-refuse-resident-calls-for-black-history-month/ | 2024-02-22T00:49:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00291.warc.gz | 0.948121 | 397 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__181034921 | en | - Posted by: Hillingdon Labour
- Category: News
Questions from members of the public and a motion from the Hillingdon Labour Group about reintroducing Black History Month were batted away by the ruling Conservative Group at tonight’s full meeting of Hillingdon Council.
Residents are permitted to submit written questions to Council, and four residents took the opportunity to question the Leader of the Council why there was no Black History Month, and called for it to be reintroduced.
When responding to the Hillingdon Labour Group motion on introducing Black History Month, Conservative Councillor and Cabinet member Richard Lewis said that ‘Hillingdon had decided to celebrate all cultures’ – which ignores the ugly truth that black people disproportionately face violence, hostility and racism from authorities compared to white people.
Proposing the motion to reintroduce Black History Month, Labour Councillor Peter Curling said:
“We should not allow the subject of Black History to become some sort of modern culture war, but we should recognise with honesty the horrific nature of the history around the slave trade and how our colonial past treated Black people. This doesn’t mean trying to remove all traces of such atrocities or trying to re-write history, but simply giving a truthful account of what happened and how we can learn from it today.”
Seconding the motion, Labour Councillor June Nelson said:
“By reintroducing Black History Month, this council will be honouring the hope and aspiration of what started in 1926. Since 1987 this event and celebration of black communities across the UK has been an annual event. I am therefore again imploring Council to be a part of this celebration and fulfil the wishes of the black community in Hillingdon whom we represent.”
The Conservatives voted down the motion, as they have done in previous years, but Hillingdon Labour will keep pushing the issue to prevent black history from being brushed under the carpet | history |
http://offthebeatentrackpukkaholidays.co.uk/NORTHINDIA/rajasthanexplorer.asp | 2019-08-25T16:31:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027330750.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190825151521-20190825173521-00119.warc.gz | 0.945083 | 1,062 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__45310465 | en | Rajasthan is where all the country`s similes and metaphors appear to have come together to create a visual extravaganza. Majestic palaces and rugged forts, spectacular deserts, wooded hills and tranquil lakes, bustling towns and quiet villages, amazing flora and fauna and of course, the colorful and vibrant people of Rajasthan form an intricate tapestry of mysticism, grandeur and rusticity.
Rajasthan, literally means "Land of the Kings", was once a clutch of princely kingdoms. The Rajputs, who ruled here for over a thousand years, were legendary for their chivalry. Today, this desert state`s battle-scarred forts, historic cities, palace hotels, feudal traditions and riotous colors represent India at her exotic best. Situated on the western side of the country, the state is diagonally divided into the hilly and rugged southeastern region and the barren northwestern Thar Desert, which extends across the border into Pakistan.
Day 01: Arrive Delhi
Day 02: Full day combine city tour of old & New Delhi.
Day 03: Morning drive to Pehrasar.
Day 04: Morning drive to Karauli .
Day 05: Morning visit Karauli Fort passing through local market famous for colourfull bangles. Afternoon drive to Pachewar
Day 06: Morning visit the royal cenotaphs,Afternoon drive to Bundi
Day 07: Morning visit the Chattar Mahal,Taragarh Fort , Rani Ji Baori and the Phool Sagar Palace
Afternoon continue drive to Bijaipur.
Day 08: Drive to Ghanerao. Rest of the day at leisure.
Day 09: Morning drive to Rohet enroute visiting Ranakpur Jain temples and Kumbhalgarh Fort.
Day 10: Drive to Garah enroute visiting Jodhpur.
Day 11: Morning Camel Safari. Afternoon drive to Jamba enroute visiting Phalodi.
Day 12: Morning free.Afternoon drive to Mahansar
Day 13: Drive to Surajgarh enroute visiting Bikaner
Day 14: Day free to relax at the hotel.
Day 15: Drive to Delhi and transfer to International airport in time to board flight for back home.
Karauli is a holy city situated 160 kms from Jaipur and was an erstwhile princely state in estern Rajasthan, famous for its pale red-stone. Founded in 1348, the city was earlier called Kalyanpuri, after the local deity Kalyanji. The city was strongly fortified by its rulers and was surrounded by a wall of red sandstone, strengthened by bastions at several places. The peripheral wall, now dilapidated, once had six gates. The old city palace is a treasure trove of architecture, stone carvings, gorgeous jalli work and classic paintings. Legend has it that the ruling family of Karauli, recognised as the head of the Yadhuvanshi Rajputs, are the descendants of Lord Krishna. The Kaila Devi Game Sanctuary is situated 25 kms from here and is an extension of the Ranthambore Tiger Project.
Ghanerao, formerly known as Ganora, was founded in 1606 by Gopal Das Rathore, a brave Rajput warrior from the Mertia clan. It is a small town but located strategically at the entrance of one of the few passes in the Aravallis, that connects the two major cities, Jodhpur and Udaipur. This tiny village thus formed a link between the territories held by the two traditional strongholds of Rajasthan, Mewar and Marwar, and featured often in the history of both these two erstwhile princely states.
Rohetgarh `Garh` in Hindi means Fort. The principality of Rohet was control from this little Fort- Palace by the royalty which lived here and who gave their elegance to the Maharaja of Jodhpur. The descendents of this royal family still live here and maintain a very interesting residence where guests are introduced to their royal past.
The town of Surajgarh in the shekhawati region of Rajasthan derives its name from the 18th century fortified Palace SURAJGARH. The name literally means "The Castle of the Sun". This 4 acre fortified palace is being lovingly restored to give our guests the experience of living like a Maharaja.
Shekhawati is popularly known as an open air art gallery and Surajagrh is at the heart of it and boasts of many havelis. Walking and camel cart tours are organized to the havelis. The Marwari traders accumulated enormous wealth in their trade of rice, opium, cotton, spices and textiles. The wealth was usually reinvested or sent back home for their families. The affluent marwari families tried to outdo the other in the size and quality of their mansions, giving birth to fine and colourful architecture in the desert region where it was least expected. | history |
https://www.fitsense.co.uk/Speedo-Sea-Squad-Dive-Sticks.htm | 2021-01-25T04:50:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703564029.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210125030118-20210125060118-00058.warc.gz | 0.974353 | 208 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__216806223 | en | Sea Squad Dive Sticks from Speedo. Fun new swim toy to increase underwater confidence. These soft neoprene dive sticks come in assorted colours and are fun for children who have learnt to swim and adults.
Speedo produce a fantastic range of swimwear and swimming accesories including swimsuits, swimming goggles, kickboards, swimming fins and pullbouys plus much more. Founded in Australia by Alexander MacRae, a 22-year-old Scottish immigrant who arrived in the country in 1910. The 'SPEEDO' company began when MacRae Hosiery manufacturers, established by Alexander in 1914, extended the manufacture of underwear to swimwear and became MacRae Knitting Mills. This acceptance of swimwear and the introduction of the ‘Racerback’ costume meant it was time for a new company name. A staff competition was held and won by a Captain Parsonson who coined the slogan ‘Speed on in your Speedos’. The SPEEDO name was born in 1928. | history |
http://mosesmodel.blogspot.com/2012/10/a-brief-history-of-pledge-of-allegiance.html | 2018-07-22T06:43:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593051.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722061341-20180722081341-00553.warc.gz | 0.962711 | 1,454 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__259260022 | en | The Pledge really has little to do with the topic, but since it is so contested, we will start there anyways. In 1892, Christian socialist and former Baptist minister, Francis Bellamy penned the following words to commemorate Columbus Day.
"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands: one Nation indivisible with Liberty and Justice for all."
Bellamy wished to unite the nation around the flag so that people would be inoculated against radicalism. The pledge was first recited October 12, 1892 by about 12 million school children to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the Columbus’s voyage.
In 1919, Washington became the first state to make the recitation of the pledge a mandatory part of their school curriculum. The Jehovah’s Witnesses were the first to object. They believed that government was a Satanic tool and the Pledge a salute to the Devil. In 1923, due to anti-immigrant anxiety, the first National Flag Conference in Washington D.C. voted to change the words "my flag" to "the Flag of the United States”. In 1924, they added the words “of America."(1)
1932 Bonus Army clip(2)
In 1935, a group of Jehovah’s Witnesses organized with hundreds of Jehovah’s Witnesses school children choosing expulsion rather than participation in the Pledge. They sued and in 1938, a federal judge ruled in their favor, noting that the “totalitarian idea of forcing all citizens into one common mold of thinking” was not necessary to ensure the country’s safety and also curtailed the freedom of those who opposed it on the basis of “sincere religious convictions.”
1939 Porky Pig
In 1940, however, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal of the case, and ultimately reversed the lower court’s original ruling by an 8 to 1 margin. National unity, it concluded, trumped individual liberty. In response, unified Americans tarred and feathered a Jehovah’s Witness in Wyoming, castrated another in Nebraska, and publicly beat others in Texas and Illinois as police and city officials watched refusing to interfere. Unity is not always a good thing.(3)
In January of 1942, The West Virginia State Board of Education mandated the pledge. Those who failed to comply with the compulsory recital were expelled. The parents of an expelled student were now in violation of compulsory education laws. Parents could face a fifty dollar fine and thirty days in jail.
Bellamy had prescribed what became known as the Bellamy Salute as the proper way to salute the American Flag. With the rise of Nazism, this salute had begun to make leaders across the country uncomfortable. The Bellamy salute was originally mandated in West Virginia, but they watered down their standard and allowed for a hand over the heart also known as the Lincoln salute. In June of 1942, Congress passed a law officially recognizing the pledge and mandating nationwide the Bellamy salute for the pledge. With the uproar from the Lincoln salute advocates, Congress amended the law that December to mandate the Lincoln salute.(4)
In West Virginia, the school had begun expelling Jehovah Witness children. Among those expelled were the seven children of the Barnette family. Unemployed, Walter Barnette had few financial resources. However the ACLU took his case. In 1943, Barnette won and the Supreme Court ruled.(5) (6) (7) (8)
If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.(9)
In 1948, Louis Bowman began adding “under God” after “nation” in the pledge. He claimed he was inspired by the phrase “under God” in Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. However the phrase does not exist in Lincoln’s written address and must have been ad libbed if he ever said it at all. Bowman inspired the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the American Revolution to begin to use the modified pledge. Both organizations only contained members who could trace their ancestry back to soldiers in the American Revolution.
In the 1950’s, Reverend Dr. George MacPherson Docherty advocated for “under God” in the pledge, because communistic atheists would have no trouble reciting the pledge without it. He was not alone. As disdain for communism and atheism grew, more and more Americans began to favor the change.(10)
The Catholic Knights of Columbus long lobbied for God getting a mention in the Pledge, but it was a Presbyterian pulpit that made the difference. In February 7, 1954, Docherty preached a sermon at the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church. A recent convert to Presbyterianism, President Eisenhower was in attendance. Docherty’s sermon was on the Gettysburg Address and he advocated that “under God” should be in the pledge. After a talk with the Reverend, the President agreed and he had the legislation pushed through Congress. Signing the law on the Flag Day of 1954, Eisenhower remarked,(11)
"From this day forward, the millions of our school children will daily proclaim in every city and town, every village and rural school house, the dedication of our nation and our people to the Almighty. To anyone who truly loves America, nothing could be more inspiring than to contemplate this rededication of our youth, on each school morning, to our country's true meaning. Especially is this meaningful as we regard today's world. Over the globe, mankind has been cruelly torn by violence and brutality and, by the millions, deadened in mind and soul by a materialistic philosophy of life. Man everywhere is appalled by the prospect of atomic war. In this somber setting, this law and its effects today have profound meaning. In this way we are reaffirming the transcendence of religious faith in America's heritage and future; in this way we shall constantly strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our country's most powerful resource, in peace or in war."(12)
According to Bellamy’s daughter, Bellamy would most likely have disapproved of adding the words “under God”.(13)
The story of the Pledge of Allegiance is both relevant and beside the point to the topic of The National Day of Prayer. It is relevant, because there is an attempt to endow and enforce unity when division is the norm. It is beside the point, because the President does not annually recite the Pledge of Allegiance at the bequest of Congress. I hope that this was insightful. Please look at the sources below. Please like this video if you like it and subscribe for more videos.
Sound Effects provided by soundbible.com and shockwave-sound.com
"Haunted Forest" and "Light Banjo" by soundcloud.com
"The Owl Named Orion" and "Art of Gardens" by danosongs.com | history |
http://www.universityex.com/pen-down/story-indian-coffee-house-lost-charm/ | 2018-08-21T23:13:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221219197.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180821230258-20180822010258-00299.warc.gz | 0.963199 | 820 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__9364348 | en | The Indian Coffee House (c. 1957), on the second-floor of Mohan Singh Place, a dull shopping complex, next to PVR Rivoli in Connaught Place was not a place but a culture in itself. Once a hub of intellectuals, its romantic atmosphere is unmissable in its run down furniture. To a time when Swiggy and drive-throughs didn’t exist, there were no self-service counters and the staff was turbaned and dressed handsomely in a uniform that showcased their dignity, the ICH has been the home of an extinct elegance. The terrace sharpens the homely relief one feels on entering the complex.
The stories of delectable coffee and open conversations at the heart of Delhi is a gentle reminder of how solitude and long hours of conversations can co-exist in a place. Anyone could join any group without feeling like a mere spectator; the smiles and hearts of the people as welcoming as the coffee and the south Indian food served by the ever-smiling turbaned attendants.
The place hosted various journalists, bureaucrats and intellectuals who spent hours sipping coffee and deliberating and debating. It hosted the likes of people like Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, Chandrashekhar etc. being a place more sophisticated than any other in the city. The Indian Coffee House was apparently demolished during Emergency in 1976, one of the darkest phases in the history of India. Every portal of free speech was censored as it was believed that many conspiracies against the Indira government were hatched at the Indian Coffee House, however, it continued to be the centre of free speech and expression and good food which made everyone go bonkers!
The glorious past started taking a back seat in the 1990s when the liberalisation of the Indian economy was declared. The market opened up, outlets like McDonald’s and Baristas took over the city and there on, even though it underwent renovation, the nostalgic Indian Coffee could never regain the position it had lost. Though the year-long renovation tried to improve the two dining rooms and the open roof area, the nostalgic glory was lost and the sales dipped rapidly.
Over the years, the Indian Coffee House is far from what it was during its glorious days; it’s flooded with pesky flies, the terrace is no longer an attraction rather the perfect spot for scary monkeys to hangout, the chairs are wobbly and dusty, there is a paucity of staff due to low pays and the Mohan Singh Place no longer provide it the kind of atmosphere that it boasted of. Nonetheless, the food is still finger licking good, the dosa, vada and mutton cutlet still delicacies and the coffee the same welcoming cup of love it was years ago. Rather than continuing to be a thinking man’s haunt, the place has lost its charm and provides solace to the older people who reminisce the good ol’ days. Students and groups however, flock this place given the cheap prices of the yummiest food served with the warmest smile in yesteryear’s fashion by the well dressed attendant. Attempts have been made to revamp the place and all is still not lost. We are hopeful for a better tomorrow for the lost glory cannot be regained but the place still is a safe haven for our history which will continue to inspire generations of intellectuals willing to dig a little deeper. And who is ready to give up the coffee and good food at such reasonable prices, not me, for sure! Maybe the nostalgia for an idealized age of intellectual life is tugging at my heartstrings stronger than ever and maybe this is the history that I want to be repeated for once! Still an expectant history student, call me that, if you may! *sigh*
Where Mohan Singh Place, Near Hanuman Mandir, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, Connaught Place
Time 9am to 9pm
Nearest Metro Station Rajiv Chowk | history |
https://www.esap.online/esap1/news/37/ilo-centenary-year-1919-2019 | 2022-08-20T05:11:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00262.warc.gz | 0.928112 | 158 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__152124202 | en | ILO Centenary year 1919 – 2019
To mark the ILO’s Centenary year, ILO is launching a new multimedia, interactive website on 9 January that will take you through the past, present and future of the ILO in a way you’ve never experienced before. The organization’s work over the decades has affected all of our daily lives so it will be both the ILO story and your story. Join here on 9 January as ILO celebrates 100 years of advancing social justice and promoting decent work.
During the Centenary year, look out for the #ILO100 Global Campaign on posters, billboards, buses, at airports and more.
More information can be found on https://www.ilo.org/100/en | history |
http://aerostories.org/~aerobiblio/article1837.html | 2023-09-29T09:58:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510501.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929090526-20230929120526-00681.warc.gz | 0.955827 | 797 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__74076514 | en | This booklet, the first in a new series by the prolific French aviation historian P. H. Listemann, describes the service history of one of the lesser known marks of Spitfire ; the Mk. XII.
Despite a short production run of only 100 airframes, the Mk. 12 was however a "key player" in the Spitfire’s history, it being the first production mark to be fitted with the R.R. Griffon motor. The Mk. XII would dissipate the spells of Merlin and all subsequent Spitfire marks up to the final Mk. XIV would be powered by Griffons.
The author describes the introduction and service history of the type with the two RAF squadrons which operated it, Nos 41 & 91 (Nigeria) Squadrons . The former between April 1943 and October 1944, whereas 91 Squadron, which became operational on type during June 1943, was to relinquish it earlier in favour of the Mk. XIV during early 1944
Although seen by both Supermarine and the RAF as an interim version, the Spitfire Mk XII when flown by the two Squadrons - managed to establish itself as a worthy opponent to the Luftwaffe as well as to both the Wehrmacht and Reichsbahn. Fw190s, Ju88s, trucks, trains, armoured vehicles, an unfortunate balloon and eventually V1s would all fall prey to the roaming Spitfire XIIs of 41 and 91 Squadrons.
In the first half of the booklet, the author outlines the operations flown by both squadrons, first 41 and then 91, listing missions with victories attained and losses sustained. Numerous photographs show aircraft being flown by both units. The second half of the book is given over to the operational record, listing and totalling all sorties flown by both squadrons.
Then follows a table displaying all the units which flew the Mk XII, during and after it had passed from active service. Of interest is that it was later flown by 595 Squadron to give British Army A/A gunners practice in laying and tracking fast-moving fighters. A map of the UK and a list present all the bases from which the Mk XII flew.
Four high quality colour profiles by Malcolm Laird show specific a/c camouflage of aircraft from both operational squadrons
Six pages list the many claims made by pilots. Aircrew of many nationalities flew the Mk XII and alongside pilots from British and Commonwealth nations this mark of Spitfire was also flown by renowned Frenchmen Jacques Andrieux and Jean Maridor, the Belgian V1 killer Maurice Balasse, as well as (inevitably) a Pole, Jerzy Solak and Dutchman Rijklof van Goens : Which all becomes evident when studying the meticulously compiled claims list, wherein a/c flown and accreditation’s are given.
Three pages list the total of 57 a/c lost on operations and due to accidents. Four pages cover the service lives of known airframes - the final page is the Roll of Honour - naming the 19 young pilots of six nationalities who made the ultimate sacrifice whilst flying Spitfire Mk XIIs
Linguistic Gremlins ? Only a couple and negligible - Were hundreds of V1s actually LAUNCHED over the UK ? The last pilot to be killed in a Mk XII is described as a FORMER Battle of Britain veteran.
The booklet of nearly fifty pages costs appropriately only XII Euros. Before receiving the publication for review - all that this reviewer could have stated about the Spitfire Mk XII was that "it was the Griffon Spit, with a four-bladed prop." - which paucity of knowledge which is now thankfully somewhat dissipated.
This reviewer recommends any Spitfire or RAF enthusiast to buy it at the first opportunity !
48 pages, 17 x 24,5 cm, softcover
En anglais / In English | history |
https://www.brockgateway.org.uk/2009/ | 2022-08-18T20:48:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00227.warc.gz | 0.970071 | 347 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__168187623 | en | In September 2009 a group from Brockenhurst Gateway Club visited the Mary Rose Museum in Portsmouth docks. We saw the hull of the Mary Rose being sprayed with chemicals to preserve the ancient wood. This year the sprays have being turned off and the ship hall section of the museum has been closed to allow the ship to dry out. In a couple of year’s time the ship will be viewable as never before. We will be able to walk around her at deck level and see every detail clearly without the mist of the sprays.
In May this year, Trevor and Vernon came to club and brought some of the ship’s artefacts for us to see. We handled cups and plates in wood and pewter, looked at the barber surgeon’s tools, felt the weight of a musket and tried to bend an archer’s bow. Now we can’t wait for the ship hall to open again, so that we can go to Portsmouth and walk beside the boards that were trodden by the sailors of Henry VIII’s navy, 450 years ago.
The Lions Club of New Milton arranged and subsidised a day outing to Paultons’ Park on Sunday May 9th. 23 members from Brockenhurst Gateway Club attended with helpers making up the number to 36.
Luckily the day was fine and everyone was so busy enjoying the rides, the penguin and meerkat display and the surroundings that there was no time to notice the cold wind. Age Concern New Milton supplied a minibus and volunteer driver to transport those who could not get there on their own.
You can see from the photos that a wonderful day out was enjoyed by all. | history |
https://www.opalapartmentsuites.com/town.php | 2020-04-04T09:29:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370521574.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404073139-20200404103139-00142.warc.gz | 0.925449 | 711 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__159314211 | en | "Feel @ Home"
Established in 1610 and named after the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, the historical city of Aurangabad houses the Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves (UNESCO World Heritage Sites) and the famous Dakkhani Taj (Bibi Ka Maqbara), amongst the other attractions, don’t miss Panchakki, Aurangabad Caves, Jayakwadi Dam, and Grishneshwar Temple
Aurangabad is part of the DMIC (Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor), having a huge potential for growth. Aurangabad is envisioned as a very large-scale industrial cluster including abundant land, provisions for high growth industries with wide-ranging infrastructure services, convenient access and provisions to handle environmental waste with minimum impacts. Proximity to the existing industrial areas, Aurangabad city and existing airport and railways, gives strong support for export-oriented businesses. Aurangabad has now its own “Dry Port” having direct clearances to JNPT and other ports on the Aurangabad-Jalna road with 500 acre land.
Ajanta Caves are one of the well renowned places to visit. Ajanta Caves are declared "World Heritage Site" by UNESCO. Ajanta caves are situated at Jalgaon, which is 107 kilometers from Aurangabad City. Caves are build by cutting the rocks into beautiful piece of art and architecture. There are 29 caves (official numbered by the Archaeological Survey of India). All paintings of Ajanta show heavy religious influence centre around Buddha, Bodhisattvas, incidents from the life of Buddha & the Jatakas.
World famous Ellora Caves situated 30 kilometers from Aurangabad city. Ellora Caves are World Heritage Site, really impressive rock cut temples & monasteries. There are 34 caves, structures excavated out of the vertical face of the hills. The central attraction at Ellora is Kailash Temple (cave16), is the most remarkable. Ever since the first European visitors in 18th Century, Ellora has attracted chroniclers, antiquarians, scholars and in more recent years, ever- increasing number of tourists.
Daulatabad Fort magnificent 12th century fortress stands on a hill, Built by Raja Bhillamraj once known as 'Devgiri', Initially a Yadav stronghold, it passed through the hands of several dynasties in the Deccan. The ‘Daulatabad’ (city of fortune) name was give by Muhamad Tughlaq, Sultan of Delhi. Daulatabad Fort, a rock-hewn fortress dominating the landscape, from a 600 feet high mesa-like flat terrain, is 14 kilometer away from Aurangabad City. Daulatabad Fort is one of the world's best preserved Fort, survived without being altered.
Bibi Ka Maqbara is situated about 5 kms from the Aurangabad city, the burial place of Aurangzeb's wife, Rabia-Durrani. Aurangzeb's son built this monument in 1679 AD in memory of his mother Rabia-Durrani. It is an imitation of the Taj Mahal (among 7 new wonders of world) at Agra, it is also called as "poor man's Taj Mahal" owing to it being a poor replica of the Taj. Behind the tomb is located a small archaeological museum. | history |
http://www.elpomar.org/who-we-are/our-history | 2015-11-26T10:32:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398447043.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205407-00231-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.954299 | 433 | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-48__0__99692649 | en | Spencer Penrose was an entrepreneur and a visionary. A native Philadelphian, he came to Colorado in 1892 to partner with his boyhood friend, Charles L. Tutt, in various real estate and mining ventures. Buoyed by his early success in these activities, Mr. Penrose continued to invest in the mining business in Bingham Canyon, Utah, establishing the Utah Copper Company, which would later merge with Kennecott Copper.
Mr. Penrose's approach was straightforward: build for tomorrow. He did this in two ways. In a literal sense, he helped create some of Colorado Springs' most famous landmarks. Penrose first built The BROADMOOR, a world-class resort in the foothills of Colorado's Rocky Mountains, and then went on to create legacies including the Pikes Peak Highway and the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo.
Penrose's second approach to building for tomorrow began in 1937 when he and his wife Julie established a living legacy, El Pomar Foundation. Through El Pomar the Penroses supported cultural and civic institutions including the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Central City Opera and Fountain Valley School. Mr. Penrose left the majority of his estate to El Pomar upon his death in 1939. Julie Penrose succeeded her husband as El Pomar president and served in that position with a generous and indomitable spirit. She left the majority of her estate to El Pomar in 1956.
As El Pomar eagerly continues its journey into tomorrow, its direction comes from its past. Spencer and Julie Penrose's lives, as they lived them, provide the principles that will continue to guide their foundation now and in the future.
Recognized for Impact of Nursing Scholarship
Awards for Excellence
Dr. Pam Shockley-Zalabak Honored with the Russell T. Tutt Award
Telegraph among those to feature photo series of Victor, Colorado
Southern Colorado Nonprofits Highlighted
Forum for Civic Advancement
William J. Hybl named as a recipient
Trustees Nechie Hall and Brenda Smith Recognized
US Department of Veterans Affairs | history |
https://en.camping-lehautdick.com/region/around-the-campsite-manche | 2020-09-21T01:52:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198887.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921014923-20200921044923-00653.warc.gz | 0.930271 | 177 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__20964584 | en | Things to do around the campsite
From Carentan, discover the Cotentin in the Manche department
Ideally situated at the heart of the Manche department, you can discover the historic beaches from Carentan, the heart of the marshes, the charming coast, the castles , the manors and its surroundings.
From the campsite, the town center is very near. Carentan is an ancient fortified town: a historical and cultural town with wonderful stone archways, a 13th century washing place, a train station and a port. You are at the heart of the marshes and at the center of the Manche department, where you can discover the very different green and sandy coasts, from East to West and visit port Racine (the smallest in France). Between land and sea, discover the various landscapes of the Cotentin and its surroundings. | history |
http://www.pastconnect.com/mhs/stroud.html | 2013-05-24T16:30:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704752145/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114552-00065-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.865949 | 112 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__68260207 | en | Stroud Community House &
Elizabeth D. Walters Library
900 Main Street
The Stroud Community House contains the Elizabeth D. Walters Library, with
holdings including family records, church records, genealogical materials,
census reports, family bibles, newspapers, maps, indentures and other primary
documents. The museum features Stroud room, tool and weapon room, textile
room and antique toy room. The cellar kitchen, Indian artifacts and fine
arts pieces round out the permanent displays.
Guided tours of the museum. | history |
https://gfbowman.com/blog/press-release-tag/stepping/ | 2024-04-13T19:45:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816832.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413180040-20240413210040-00144.warc.gz | 0.973723 | 693 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__43150419 | en | Back to the Beginning: A History of Air Conditioning
Hot, hot, and hot. Those would be the three words anyone would use to describe a summer without any air conditioning. Though the warm summer days are meant to be enjoyed (because they don’t last too long), people still need a place to go and cool down so they don’t become too sunburnt, dehydrated, or ill. Many households have some form of AC at home, and these systems are used often during the summer months. But how did this system come about? Who was the inventor that helped to make hot, summer days more enjoyable?
Homeowners can learn more about the history of the AC unit, including its inventor, in this article. They can also learn about the similarities between AC units back then compared to AC units today.
The Infamous AC Inventor
Who was the man that invented the first modern AC? Answer: Willis Carrier. Carrier was born in Angola, New York in 1876, and he graduated with a degree in engineering not knowing that someday his future invention would be one of the most-used home systems for decades to come.
While standing at a train platform on a foggy day, an idea struck when he realized how he could control the air’s humidity: he could reduce moisture in the air by passing it through water to create fog. In 1902, he built the first air conditioner and has been known as the “Father of Air Conditioning” ever since.
The Critical Time Period of AC Development
The early 1900s was a time of many advancements, particularly within manufacturing and engineering as well as societal changes. For many years, people had longed for a way to create a more comfortable indoor environment by controlling its temperature. The invention of air conditioning made this possible for not only homeowners but businesses too, which led to incredible growth for all types of businesses. Movie blockbusters in the summertime grew in popularity, as people came to the theaters to escape the heat outside.
The invention of AC improved facilities for manufacturing, making it more comfortable for employees with less heat from all of the machinery. For textile manufacturers specifically, it also improved the quality control of their products, so clothing wasn’t exposed to too much humidity during the manufacturing process. The invention of AC also paved the way for shopping malls, international travel, and eventually led to computers and servers, which are essential in today’s world.
Air Conditioner Development From Then Until Now
It was 7 feet high, 6 feet wide, and 20 feet long! The size of the unit has changed dramatically since the early 1900s, but it still uses the same engineering concepts: it draws out the warm air from inside of the house and pushes it outside, thus removing the heat. Only now, the device can fit right below a window or outside of the door.
About G.F Bowman, Inc.
Since 1967, G.F. Bowman, Inc. has strived to provide quality work and high priority service. They proudly provide top-rated AC repair services in Harrisburg and Lebanon, PA. As a family-owned and operated business of three generations, they have a unique understanding of what the community needs because they are a part of the community. They believe that the only way to provide excellent service is to do it with respect and concern for their customers. | history |
https://www.thelocalmarketingteam.co.uk/history-of-social-media/ | 2021-10-17T16:20:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585178.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20211017144318-20211017174318-00257.warc.gz | 0.960676 | 609 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__300183789 | en | The History of Social Media
Have you ever heard anybody say something like the following:
“I remember a time before social media when the world was a simpler place.”
If so, then that person is a liar. Social media is more than 2,500 years old and has a long and rich history, right up to the present day.
Historical Social Media
The first form of social media, the sending of letters, dates back to around the 5th century BC. Letter sending remained the social media channel of choice for thousands of years until the emergence of the telegraph in the middle of the 19th century.
The telegraph fundamentally changed the nature of long-distance communication forever. From 1844 onwards, people could send messages to each other at light speed, dramatically reducing the time it took to carry out a conversation.
Computers didn’t become a part of the social media landscape until the invention of CompuServe in 1969. CompuServe was originally intended as a system that would network computers together using the existing phone system. Bit rates were slow, but by the 1980s, the company’s technology had become the backbone of the nascent internet, connecting more computers together than any other.
Neither their technology nor the later Department of Defense’s ARPANET was used for social media purposes directly. But both became pillars on which the social media experiments of the 1990s and 2000s would be founded.
Early Social Media Of The 1990s
Social media began to take off in the mid-1990s when the government permitted the internet to be opened up to the masses.The star of those early days was AOL Instant Messenger, a tool that finally allowed people to talk to each other in real time on the internet, no matter what the distance between them. Text chat was ideal because data rates were restricted by the amount of data you could send down a phone line, around 56 kilobytes per second.
Modern Social Media
The first recognisable social media website was Six Degrees. Founded in 1997, the site had a bulletin board as well as the ability to message other members. The site shut down for the first time in 2000, despite hosting more than 3.5 million members at its peak.
Many other social media experiments emerged in the late 1990s and early noughties, including the infamous Napster, MySpace, and LinkedIn. But it wasn’t until Facebook granted access to any user in early 2006 that social media suddenly became a household name.
Twitter followed suit in 2006, launching a service that it hoped would allow people to share pithy comments at will.
The Present Day
The latest forms of social media, such as Facebook Live and Periscope, emphasise live forms of social media engagement. Social media continues to become more data-intense and up-to-the-minute. One thing is for sure: the future will be more connected than the past. | history |
https://houseof.istitutomarangoni.com/student-ermanno-scervino-dganit-peer--1061954279 | 2022-10-02T15:26:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337338.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002150039-20221002180039-00143.warc.gz | 0.980827 | 158 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__2710326 | en | (*) Mandatory field
The idea behind the collection was to bring the inside outside, reveal what you shouldn't see, and show the change of habits. To do so, I chose the corset as inspiration. During history, the corset was a garment that represented the weakness of the women's body and was something hidden from the eye. Over the years, it has changed and became a representation of power, such as the famous 90's corset of Madonna by Gaultier. The corset shapes our bodies into a new form, and whenever we take it off, our true self has unveiled. Another motif I used was a covered rope, so the curves and texture of it are still showing from under the smooth leather as a symbol of our wrestling and deliberations. | history |
https://kingstonandkemp.com/2/Our-History.html | 2023-03-24T00:55:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945218.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323225049-20230324015049-00594.warc.gz | 0.973847 | 732 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__24576709 | en | We stand behind our reputation and will continue to serve our community with the values instilled by our funeral directors.
Elmer A. Kemp
1896 - 1961
In the year 1915, Elmer A. Kemp opened a small “store front” funeral parlor at 315 Centre Street in the City of Trenton.
Typical of its day from which the funeral business was conducted – the wake and visitation period usually took place at the residence of the deceased.
The opening of Kemp’s Funeral Home marked the beginning of a service business that has continued for nearly a century.
Centre Street location - circa 1930
By 1931, Elmer Kemp had opened a branch location at 556 N. Pennsylvania Avenue in nearby Morrisville, Pennsylvania. His mission was to insure he did everything possible to meet the needs of every family he served.
In 1935, Elmer Kemp became the Coroner of the County of Mercer; a position he held for many years. As Coroner, he was responsible for investigating deaths that occurred under suspicious circumstances.
Motorized hearse - circa 1929.
In 1948, recognizing the needs of a growing suburban community, he purchased a house in the White Horse section of Hamilton Township. Located at 260 White Horse Avenue, the house, constructed in the late 1800’s was once owned by W.V. McGalliard.
McGalliard was involved in several business ventures which included farming, poultry, real estate and home building. He also supplied water to local residents.
As the story goes, McGalliard had an idea that would later pay off. He planned to plant 25,000 Norway spruce tree seedlings; eventually selling them as Christmas trees. They flourished. In a few years he had a beautiful crop of trees in which he sold off for $1.00 each.
What McGalliard started, later growers built into a thriving industry – the commercial Christmas tree farm.
By late 1948 with renovations complete, the Kemp Funeral Home opened its doors and began to serve local families. Elmer Kemp operated the business until his death in 1961.
Ward B. Kingston 1934 - 1992
Ward B. Kingston purchased the funeral home later that year and renamed it the Kingston and Kemp Funeral Home. Like his predecessor, he too was committed to the personal attention of every family’s customs and needs.
Under his guidance, the funeral home went through extensive renovation and expansion of the facilities to accommodate the growing community. Ward B. Kingston successfully operated the funeral home until his death in 1992.
The Kingston and Kemp Funeral home is proud to be family owned and operated - serving Hamilton and the surrounding area for 100 years.
The death of someone we care about can be one of the most difficult experiences in life. These articles are meant to describe different types of grief; their intent is to help you understand your own, or to help you empathize with another person's grief.
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Navigating the days after the passing of a loved one can be one of the most difficult challenges of one's life. We are proud to be able to help members of our community make their way through this complicated period of their lives. | history |
https://ppqty.com/why-chess-called-chess/ | 2023-11-28T09:01:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099281.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128083443-20231128113443-00719.warc.gz | 0.973342 | 1,513 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__101590056 | en | Have you ever wondered why this game is called “chess”?
Here we’ll talk about the origins of the name “chess” and delve into the fascinating history behind it.
The Origins of Chess
Before we dive into the etymology of the word “chess,” let’s take a brief look at the origins of the game itself.
Chess is believed to have originated in northern India around the 6th century AD. It was initially known as “chaturanga,” which translates to “four divisions of the military” in Sanskrit.
The game was played on an 8×8 board and featured different types of pieces representing various units of an ancient Indian army.
Chaturanga quickly spread to other parts of the world, including Persia, where it underwent significant changes.
The Persians modified the game, introducing new rules and pieces, and called it “shatranj.” Shatranj gained popularity in the Islamic world and eventually made its way to Europe through trade and conquest.
From Chaturanga to Shāh
The origins of chess can be traced back to ancient India, where it was known as “Chaturanga.”
This term, derived from Sanskrit, translates to “four divisions of the military” – infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariotry.
These divisions are represented in the game by the pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.
As the game migrated to Persia, the name evolved into “Shatranj.”
One of the key terms in Shatranj is “Shāh,” which means “king” in Persian.
When the king is under threat, players would declare “Shāh Māt!” or “the king is helpless!” – a phrase that eventually evolved into the English term “checkmate.”
The European Transition
When the Moors conquered Spain, they brought Shatranj with them, and the game quickly gained popularity in Europe.
The Old Spanish term for the game was “ajedrez,” derived from the Arabic “al-shatranj.”
As the game continued to spread across Europe, each region adapted the name.
In Old French, the game was called “eschecs.”
The English term “chess” is derived from this Old French word.
FAQs – Why Is Chess Called Chess?
1. What is the meaning of the word “chess”?
The word “chess” is derived from the Old French word “esches” or “echecs,” which came from the medieval Latin word “scaccus.”
The word itself is derived from the Arabic “al-shatranj,” which refers to the game of chess that was introduced to Europe through the Moors when they conquered Spain.
Over time, as the game became popular in various European regions, the name underwent linguistic adaptations.
In Old French, “al-shatranj” became “eschecs,” which eventually evolved into the English term “chess.”
2. Why was the game called “chaturanga” in India?
The game was called “chaturanga” in India because it represented the four divisions of the military in ancient Indian armies.
3. How did the game spread to Europe?
The game spread to Europe through trade and conquest, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age when the Islamic world had extensive contact with Europe.
4. What role did Arabic scholars play in the development of chess?
Arabic scholars made significant contributions to the development of chess, including writing influential treatises on strategy and tactics.
5. How did the Arabic word “shatranj” influence the name “chess”?
The Arabic word “shatranj” was derived from the Persian word “chatrang,” which itself was derived from the Sanskrit word “chaturanga.” The word “chess” has its roots in “shatranj.”
6. Why did the name of the game change as it spread to different regions?
The name of the game changed as it spread to different regions due to linguistic and cultural influences. Each language and culture had its own way of pronouncing and spelling the word.
7. What were some of the other names for chess in different languages?
Some of the other names for chess in different languages include “eschecs” in French, “scacchi” in Italian, and “schach” in German.
8. When did the word “chess” become widely used in English?
The word “chess” became widely used in English during the Middle Ages, as the game gained popularity in Europe.
9. Are there any other games similar to chess with different names?
Yes, there are several games similar to chess with different names, such as “xiangqi” in China and “shogi” in Japan.
10. How has chess evolved over time?
Chess has evolved over time through rule modifications, the introduction of new pieces, and the development of advanced strategies and tactics.
11. Is chess still popular today?
Yes, chess is still popular today and is played by millions of people worldwide. It is considered a mind sport and is recognized by international sporting organizations.
12. Are there any famous chess players in history?
Yes, there have been many famous chess players throughout history, including Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov, Bobby Fischer, and Magnus Carlsen.
13. Can chess improve cognitive abilities?
Yes, studies have shown that playing chess can improve cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and memory.
14. Are there any international chess tournaments?
Yes, there are several international chess tournaments, including the World Chess Championship and the Chess Olympiad.
15. Can anyone learn to play chess?
Yes, anyone can learn to play chess regardless of age or background. It is a game that can be enjoyed by people of all skill levels.
Summary – Why Is Chess Called Chess?
The name “chess” has its origins in the Old French word “esches” or “echecs,” which came from the medieval Latin word “scaccus.”
The Latin term, in turn, was derived from the Arabic word “shatranj.” The game of chess itself originated in northern India as “chaturanga” and underwent significant changes as it spread to different parts of the world.
The Arabic influence on the game, particularly through the word “shatranj,” played a crucial role in its development and spread.
European languages, such as French, Italian, and German, further shaped the name of the game as it made its way across the continent. | history |
https://shop.themobmuseum.org/the-las-vegas-chronicles-the-inside-story-of-sin-city-celebrities-special-players-and-fascinating-casino-owners.html | 2019-10-15T17:23:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660067.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015155056-20191015182556-00441.warc.gz | 0.905909 | 248 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__59468608 | en | The Las Vegas Chronicles: The Inside Story of Sin City, Celebrities, Special Players and Fascinating Casino Owners
The Las Vegas Chronicles assembles the true stories of the city’s most conniving mobsters and how they ran Sin City during its heyday. Pairing McLean’s personal experience working in Las Vegas with his vivid investigative style of writing, this beautifully illustrated book gives you a unique look into the history of this extraordinary city. Uncover the Hollywood myth behind Bugsy Siegel and his wacko schemes for the Flamingo Hotel, and witness the real evolution of the fabulous Strip.
In addition to exploring the annals of Mob activity in Vegas, you get a handy, fact-based Timeline of Special Events that took place in Las Vegas from 1829 to present day.
Enjoy spell-binding sagas about the city’s forefathers, today’s casino operators and celebrity performers on the stages of Las Vegas showrooms—Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Elvis, Siegfried & Roy, and Wayne Newton.
Author: Andrew J. McLean
Paperback: 448 pages
Publisher: Scotline Press LLC (July 26, 2011) | history |
https://nellieswicksandbricks.com/the-history-of-soap-from-ancient-times-to-modern-day/ | 2023-12-11T00:01:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102697.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210221943-20231211011943-00373.warc.gz | 0.968021 | 1,016 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__10947559 | en | The history of soap dates back to ancient times, with evidence of soap-making found in Babylonian clay cylinders dating back to 2800 BC. The use of soap has been a vital part of human hygiene, but the process of soap-making and the ingredients used have evolved over time. In this blog, we’ll explore the fascinating history of soap, from its origins to modern-day soap-making techniques.
The earliest recorded evidence of soap-making comes from ancient Babylon, where people would mix animal fats and ashes to create a rudimentary soap-like substance. This process of combining fats with a strong alkali was used in many early civilizations, including the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The Romans are said to have been the first to use soap on a large scale, with soap factories being established in the first century AD.
During the Middle Ages, soap-making was taken up by monasteries and became an important part of the daily routine in Europe. The ingredients and methods used in soap-making were refined, and soap became a luxury item that was highly prized by the wealthy. During the Renaissance period, soap-making became more widespread and began to be produced in larger quantities.
The Industrial Revolution saw a revolution in soap-making, with the development of mass-production methods that made soap more affordable and accessible to the general public. Soap-making became a highly profitable industry, with new fragrances and formulations being developed to meet the changing demands of consumers.
Today, soap is still an essential part of our daily hygiene routine, but the ingredients used have evolved over time. Traditional soap-making techniques that use animal fats and lye have largely been replaced by synthetic detergents that are more effective at removing dirt and oil from the skin. However, there has been a recent resurgence in artisanal soap-making, with many people rediscovering the benefits of using natural and organic ingredients.
Soap-making today is a combination of both art and science. There are many different types of soap, each with its unique properties and benefits. Let’s take a closer look at the most popular types of soap and their history.
Castile soap is a type of soap that is made from vegetable oils, typically olive oil. It originated in the Castile region of Spain and has been used for centuries for its gentle cleansing properties. Castile soap is a great choice for people with sensitive skin or those who are looking for a natural and eco-friendly alternative to traditional soaps.
Glycerin soap is a type of soap that is made from vegetable oils and glycerin, a natural by-product of the soap-making process. Glycerin soap is prized for its moisturizing properties and is often used to treat dry or sensitive skin. Glycerin soap has been around for centuries and is still a popular choice today.
Marseille soap is a type of soap that originated in Marseille, France, in the 17th century. It is made from vegetable oils and contains no artificial fragrances or dyes. Marseille soap is prized for its purity and is often used as a natural alternative to conventional soap.
Artisanal soap is a type of soap that is made by hand using natural and organic ingredients. Artisanal soap-makers often use traditional soap-making techniques, including cold-process and hot-process soap-making, to create unique and high-quality soaps. Artisanal soap is often scented with essential oils and is a popular choice for people who are looking for natural and eco-friendly skincare products.
With the advancements in technology and chemistry in the 19th and 20th centuries, the soap industry continued to evolve. The invention of synthetic detergents, a cheaper and more efficient alternative to traditional soap, revolutionized the industry. In the mid-20th century, the popularity of liquid soap over bar soap began to rise, as it was perceived as more hygienic and convenient.
Today, soap is produced and used all around the world, and the variety of fragrances, colors, and textures available is practically endless. From artisanal soap makers to large corporations, the soap industry is constantly expanding and innovating to meet the changing needs and preferences of consumers.
The history of soap is a rich and fascinating journey that spans centuries and cultures. From the ancient civilizations of the Middle East to the modern-day soap industry, soap has been an essential part of human hygiene and health. Today, we have more choices than ever when it comes to soap, with a wide variety of fragrances, ingredients, and formulations to suit every taste and need.
As we continue to navigate a world where cleanliness and hygiene are more important than ever, it is important to remember the humble origins of this essential product. The next time you reach for a bar of soap or a bottle of body wash, take a moment to appreciate the long and storied history of this everyday item. | history |
https://www.showtimes.com/movies/sample-this-74891/ | 2018-11-16T04:27:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742970.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116025123-20181116050307-00058.warc.gz | 0.955353 | 163 | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__168716473 | en | A fascinating music doc narrated by Gene Simmons that chronicles the incredible true story of how one visionary music producer and some of the greatest studio musicians of the 1970s created one of the most influential albums in music history.
On the streets of the Bronx in the summer of 1973, DJ Herc took the percussion breaks from an obscure album recorded in Vancouver of all places, and extended them by playing them back to back using two copies of the same record. And changed music forever.
The songs he used from that album - Bongo Rock, Apache and other tracks from the Incredible Bongo Band - are far and away the most recognized and sampled tracks in hip hop history. Widely considered the national anthem of hip hop, it became the greatest "break" beat of all time and its single most important record. | history |
https://angloeducationaltours.com/location/%E2%80%8Bgermany/ | 2020-02-24T07:18:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00301.warc.gz | 0.911002 | 276 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__40603197 | en | Germany is a Fantastic Place to Enrich Your Students’ Learning
Anglo Educational Tours strong business connections make Germany an excellent place for professors to take groups of students. We have organised educational tours and study abroad programmes in Germany surrounding Business and Finance, Engineering, and History, but Germany offers options for so many other academic subjects too!
Germany is a relatively young country, with unification into the German Empire occurring only in the late 1800s. Germany is a pertinent place for history students to visit, not only because of its part in the two world wars, but also because of its incredible social history. For example, Otto Von Bismarck, the first chancellor of Germany, implemented the world’s first social insurance system and led the way in the creation of social Europe.
In the past, Anglo Educational Tours has arranged a number of itineraries surrounding the field of Business & Finance, incorporating visits to factories and business and financial institutions. Other popular subjects include Engineering and History.
Some popular German locations for certain academic subjects can be found below:
- Berlin – Government & Politics, Law, History, Art & Design, Sociology
- Frankfurt – Business and Finance
- Munich – History, Architecture
- Cologne – Art History, History, Architecture
- Nuremburg – History, law
Customise Your Educational Tour Today!Get in touch | history |
https://rogueproductions.co.nz/productions/details/1995/Kiwi | 2024-03-02T06:19:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475757.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302052634-20240302082634-00222.warc.gz | 0.970947 | 118 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__100951558 | en | Kiwi’s remarkable, hair-raising come-from-behind win in the 1983 Melbourne Cup is the stuff of Legend. ‘A Horse Called Kiwi’ tells the tale of how that win came about, and what it meant to so many people. Kiwi ran from last to first in three hundred metres, but the journey to get there had taken years. Along the way, Kiwi changed the role of women in the racing industry. His win saved a farm and reunited a divided town. And it launched one of the greatest riding careers in racing history. | history |
https://www.semeccel.com/en/actualites/honouring-yesterdays-and-todays-pioneers/ | 2023-12-04T12:39:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100529.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204115419-20231204145419-00819.warc.gz | 0.87709 | 289 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__82052653 | en | L’Envol des Pionniers hosted several Aéropostale-related events on September 29th and 30th. The weekend began with briefing of participants in the Toulouse Saint-Louis of Senegal Rally which follows in the footsteps of Aéropostale pioneers, then continued with a celebration of the 40 year anniversary of this incredible human adventure during the annual Latécoère Foundation evening. The rally kicked off on Sunday. At the same time, a conference on the theme of pioneers and courage was organized bringing together around Pierre-Elzéar Latécoère several members of Latécoère Explorer, the explorer Bertrand Piccard, the pilot Catherine Maunoury, the explorer Laurence de la Ferrière, the eco-adventurer Raphaël Domjean, the astronaut Jean-François Clervoy and Jeremy Caussade (Aura-Aero), founding member of Toulouse Pioneers. It was an opportunity for L’Envol des Pionniers to announce the first event of «Let’s be daring together!», on July 6th and 7th, 2024. L’Envol des Pionniers invites young and old to get out of their comfort zone and reflect on the concept of daring, a critical element that enabled the extraordinary human adventure of l’aéropostale. | history |
http://swingzine.com/did-john-f-kennedys-murderer-dance-lindy-hop/ | 2022-09-27T09:00:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334992.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927064738-20220927094738-00120.warc.gz | 0.975425 | 740 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__35730534 | en | Beside dancing at Minsk Lindy Exchange Lennart Westerlund stumbled across several questions concerning Lee Harvey Oswald. Did the accused murderer dance the Lindy Hop? Was it him introducing the Lindy Hop to Belarus back in 1961? Karl Lennart Westerlund embroideres his thoughts concerning the subject in this cronicle.
In the early 1960s, the infamous Lee Harvey Oswald, later accused of assassinating American president John F. Kennedy, spent a few years in the Soviet Union city of Minsk. At the time, Oswald was a young American ex-military man with communist ideas. His personality was an enigmatic paradox, a mixture of apparently inconsistent ideological perceptions and psychological unpredictability. He was neither unintelligent nor a political novice—far from it
Oswald had somehow managed to change his American citizenship to a Soviet Union one, which at the time was more or less impossible. Once in Minsk, he was offered an apartment on the fourth floor in an imposing Stalin architecture building at Kalinina Ulitza 4 (later on Komunistichnaja Ulitza 4), beautifully located next to the city center overlooking the serpentine Svislatj river. His job, which was at the Horizont Radio Factory, was conveniently located around the corner from his apartment. Oswald probably never saw any of his co-workers in the building where he lived since his neighbors consisted exclusively of decorated bigwigs in the communist hierarchy. A few years later, in the aftermath of what happened in late November 1963, it has always been debated whether this privileged treatment was the beginning of an advanced plot that lead to the assassination of the American president.
One evening in March, 1961, Oswald met Marina Prusakova at a social dance held at the Union House i
central Minsk. Miss Prusakova was a 19-year-old beauty and Oswald fell for her pleasant and inviting personality. The very next year, they were married, expecting a baby and applying for American citizenship. A year later, they were both approved, and the young family moved to Fort Worth, Texas. For Oswald the Soviet Union era was over, he was once again an American, presumably cured from his communist infection.
About ten years ago the Lindy Hop revival approached Belarus. On March 23-26 this year, the annual MLX took place in Minsk, with some 200 dancers from Belarus as well as a handful of other countries participating. The event was held in the shadow of political demonstrations but in the good spirit of jazz and swing. Belarus is obviously no longer only the eternal home base of President Aleksandr Lukashenko, painter Marc Chagall and poets Janka Kupala and Jacub Kolas, it’s also one of the many homes of the migratory Lindy Hop.
Nothing above is explained and nothing is questioned. All potential question marks are still intact, waiting to be activated. In this context, one question is, however, more urgent and important than the others: who actually introduced the Lindy Hop to Belarus? Was it local teachers back in 2008, or was it Oswald back in 1961? Did Oswald know the Lindy Hop and was there any jazz-influenced music played in Minsk at the time? Nobody knows for sure and Oswald himself won’t be able to tell us since his voice is long gone. He was dramatically shot dead by night club owner Jack Ruby inside the garage of the Dallas Police headquarters only two days after John F. Kennedy was assassinated. One violent bullet and no further questions to be asked or answered.
Karl Lennart Westerlund/Carl Leonard Westerhund | history |
https://pug.com/ | 2023-05-29T19:17:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644907.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529173312-20230529203312-00426.warc.gz | 0.992997 | 316 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__371185 | en | The Pug breed is an ancient one with its origins in China, dating back over 2,000 years. It is believed to have been developed by crossbreeding small Chinese dogs with various toy breeds, resulting in a distinctive appearance.
Pugs were highly prized by Chinese emperors and were kept as companions and lapdogs within the royal courts. They were even given special privileges and were treated as cherished members of the household.
During the 16th century, European traders discovered Pugs during their travels to the East. The breed quickly gained popularity among European nobility and became fashionable pets. Pugs were particularly favored in the Netherlands, where they were even used as official guard dogs for the Dutch royal family.
Pugs were introduced to England in the 17th century when William III and Mary II ascended the throne. The breed gained significant recognition in England and became the official dog of the House of Orange. Pugs were associated with royalty and were often depicted in paintings and portraits of the time.
In the 19th century, Pugs experienced a decline in popularity but saw a resurgence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when they were recognized by kennel clubs. The breed was refined through selective breeding, which aimed to maintain the Pug’s distinct features, including its short muzzle and curled tail.
Today, Pugs are beloved companion dogs worldwide. They are known for their affectionate and friendly nature, making them popular choices for families and individuals alike. Pugs are recognized by various kennel clubs and are often seen in dog shows and events. | history |
https://littlenorthfield.com/?page_id=411 | 2023-12-10T17:23:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102612.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210155147-20231210185147-00536.warc.gz | 0.928244 | 189 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__149735035 | en | -WHILE YOU STAY-
Here at Little North Field, we are lucky enough to be part of Yorkshire’s gorgeous and idyllic countryside. Here’s a few places we would recommend whilst visiting…
The pretty town of Knaresborough is packed with a whole range of fascinating historic sites, boutiques and is brimming with charm! The architecture and riverside views make Knaresborough an unforgettable place to visit!
One of the most amazing rock collections you will come across…Brimham Rocks makes the perfect day out for families, climbers and those that love the outdoors exploring all Yorkshire has to offer!
From historic ruins of the abbey, to the gorgeous gardens in Studley Royal and the deer park – there’s so much for visitors to enjoy and explore! Steeped with history, Fountains Abbey makes a great place to visit whilst staying at Little North Field. | history |
https://www.larochegroupe.com/2018/04/04/it-s-marathon-time-paris-boston/ | 2024-02-24T23:24:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224212113-20240225002113-00130.warc.gz | 0.963854 | 964 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__103161731 | en | This week both Paris and Boston will present their annual marathon races, Paris on Sunday, April 14th and Boston the following day on Monday, April 15th. Both races trace their origin to the end of the 19th century, Paris in 1896 and Boston one year later in 1897. Paris may have held their marathon first, but Boston has the distinction of being the longest continuously held Marathon in the world having never missed a year since its inception. The Paris Marathon is a larger event than Boston’s, allowing 40,000 runners to Boston’s 30,000.
The Boston Marathon:
The Boston Marathon was first run in April 1897, inspired by the revival of the marathon for the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. It is the oldest continuously running marathon, and the second longest continuously running footrace in North America, having debuted five months after the Buffalo Turkey Trot.
On April 19, 1897, ten years after the establishment of the B.A.A., the association held the 24.5 miles (39.4 km) marathon to conclude its athletic competition, the B.A.A. Games. The inaugural winner was John J. “JJ” McDermott, who ran the 24.5 mile course in 2 hours, 55 minutes and 10 seconds, leading a field of 15. The event was scheduled for the recently established holiday of Patriots’ Day, with the race linking the Athenian and American struggles for liberty. The race, which became known as the Boston Marathon, has been held every year since then, even during the World War years, making it the world’s oldest annual marathon. In 1924, the starting line was moved from Metcalf’s Mill in Ashland to Hopkinton Green and the course was lengthened to 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km) to conform to the standard set by the 1908 Summer Olympics and codified by the IAAF in 1921
For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was a free event, and the only prize awarded for winning the race was a wreath woven from olive branches. The first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986.
Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon officially until 1972. Roberta “Bobbi” Gibb is recognized by the race organizers as the first woman to run the entire Boston Marathon (in 1966). In 1967, Kathrine Switzer, who had registered as “K. V. Switzer”, was the first woman to run and finish with a race number. She finished despite an infamous incident in which race official Jock Semple tried to rip off her numbers and eject her from the race. In 1996 the B.A.A. retroactively recognized as champions the unofficial women’s leaders of 1966 through 1971. In 2015, about 46 percent of the entrants were female.
The Paris Marathon
Differing from Boston’s suburban to urban point-to-point course with it’s changes in elevation, the Paris Marathon is largely flat and loops through Paris from west to east through the heart of the city past all of the major edifices (Arc de Triomphe, The Louvre, Place de Concorde, Notre Dame), does a 10K loop around the Bois de Vincennes and then heads west along the Seine back through the city past the Eiffel Tower for another loop through the Bois du Boulogne to finish close to where the race began on Avenue Foch in the 16th arrondissement.
Tour de Paris
The first Paris Marathon, the Tour de Paris Marathon, took place in 1896. A big crowd gathered to watch 191 participants. It was run over a course of 40 km from Paris to Conflans-Sainte-Honorine via Versailles, and the organizers decided to award a commemorative medal to all runners who finished the race in less than 4 hours.
This first race was won by Len Hurst from England (much to the chagrin of all Parisians!) who crossed the finishing line in 2 hours, 31 minutes and 30 seconds. His prize money was 200 francs.
Like the Boston Marathon, the distance of 40 km was adjusted to the standard length of a marathon, 42.195 km, following the 1908 Olympic race in London.
Unlike the Boston Marathon, however, The Paris Marathon has always welcomed women runners and, although the International Association of Athletics Federations credits Violet Piercy as the first female to race the now-defined marathon distance of 42.195 km, other sources report that the 1918 performance of Frenchwoman Marie-Louise Ledru in the Tour de Paris set the initial mark for women. | history |
https://wotpost.com/unifying-excellence-the-global-celebration-of-the-olympic-games/ | 2024-02-24T11:58:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474533.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224112548-20240224142548-00414.warc.gz | 0.943241 | 998 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__183512418 | en | Every four years, the world comes together to witness a spectacle of human achievement, unity, and sportsmanship that transcends borders and cultures—the Olympic Games. This unparalleled event, steeped in history and tradition, serves as a platform for athletes from all corners of the globe to showcase their skills, forge connections, and inspire generations. This article delves into the rich tapestry of the Olympic Games, exploring its origins, impact, and its ongoing role in celebrating human excellence.
Origins and Historical Roots
The origins of the Olympic Games trace back to ancient Greece, around 776 BCE, when the first recorded Olympic competition took place in Olympia. These ancient games were a testament to the Greek belief in physical prowess and served as a means to honor the gods through athletic contests. The original games included disciplines like running, wrestling, and chariot racing, with the victors held in high esteem by their communities.
The ancient Olympics also marked a period of truce and unity among the often-warring city-states of Greece. An “Olympic truce” was declared during the games, allowing athletes and spectators safe passage to and from Olympia. This concept of peace and unity through sport continues to be a guiding principle of the modern Olympic Games.
Revival and Modern Evolution
The ancient Olympics eventually faded into history, but their spirit was rekindled in the late 19th century. The vision of Pierre de Coubertin, a French educator and historian, led to the revival of the modern Olympic Games. In 1896, the first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, drawing participants from 14 nations.
Since then, the Olympics have evolved into the grandest celebration of sport on the global stage. With each edition, new sports have been added, reflecting the changing interests and aspirations of societies around the world. The games have also become a platform for innovation, with advancements in technology, sports science, and infrastructure enhancing the athlete experience and the viewer’s engagement.
Uniting Nations Through Sport
One of the most powerful aspects of the Olympic Games is their ability to transcend political, cultural, and social barriers. For a few weeks every four years, the world unites in a celebration of human excellence, solidarity, and friendly competition. The Olympic rings, representing the continents, are a symbol of this global unity.
The Parade of Nations during the opening ceremony is a poignant visual of this unity, as athletes from diverse backgrounds come together under their respective flags. The Olympic Village, where athletes live and interact during the games, becomes a microcosm of the world, fostering connections and friendships among individuals who might otherwise never meet.
Inspiring Heroes and Role Models
The Olympics have a remarkable power to inspire. Athletes who have dedicated their lives to their craft, often overcoming incredible odds, become symbols of determination and resilience. Their stories of sacrifice and triumph resonate with people around the world, encouraging them to chase their dreams and overcome challenges.
These athletes become role models, embodying the values of discipline, hard work, and fair play. The diversity of backgrounds and stories among Olympic competitors demonstrates that greatness knows no boundaries and that talent can flourish in every corner of the world.
Promoting Cultural Exchange
The Olympics provide a unique opportunity for cultural exchange and diplomacy. In addition to showcasing athletic prowess, the games allow countries to share their cultural heritage with the world. From the artistic performances during the opening ceremony to cultural exhibits and events, the Olympics foster mutual understanding and respect among nations.
The Olympic Games also facilitate informal diplomatic dialogues. Athletes, officials, and spectators from various countries engage in discussions, forging connections that extend beyond the playing field. These interactions can contribute to international understanding and cooperation, fostering relationships that extend beyond the games themselves.
Challenges and Continuity
While the Olympic Games are celebrated for their unifying spirit, they are not without challenges. Hosting the games involves significant logistical, financial, and environmental considerations. Ensuring that the benefits of hosting extend to local communities and that the environmental impact is minimized remains a priority.
Moreover, the games are not immune to controversies and geopolitical tensions. Balancing the ideals of unity and fair play with the complexities of international relations can be challenging. Striking a harmonious balance requires careful navigation and a commitment to the Olympic Charter’s values.
The Olympic Games stand as a testament to the potential of human achievement, camaraderie, and unity. They represent a microcosm of the world—a celebration of diversity, excellence, and the power of sport to bridge gaps and inspire generations. As the world continues to evolve, the Olympic Games serve as a timeless reminder of the possibilities that arise when nations set aside differences and come together to celebrate the best of humanity. Through triumphs and challenges, the Olympics remind us that the pursuit of excellence knows no bounds and that the spirit of unity can light up the world every four years. | history |
http://www.holidayjunction.com/arkansas | 2017-04-30T18:37:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125841.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00484-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.954471 | 398 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__127541577 | en | Until Bill Clinton came along, Arkansas was most closely associated in the popular imagination with Ozark mountain hillbillies. The state isn't ashamed, either of its presidential native son or of its Appalachian heritage.
In Mountain View, you can experience the old-time Appalachian way of life for yourself at the Ozark Folk Center State Park, the only park in America devoted to preserving Southern mountain folkways and music. This living museum showcases traditional pioneer skills, such as furniture making, quilting, blacksmithing, tintype photography, woodcarving and 15 other craft demonstrations.
As for Clinton, his two-and-one-half-storey, wood-frame boyhood home in the small town of Hope is now a museum, reconstructed as it was when he lived there. And the Clinton Presidential Center and Park opened with great fanfare in Little Rock in 2004. Highlights of any visit are the authentic replicas of the Oval Office and the Cabinet Room, while Café 42, named because Clinton was the 42nd president, features recipes from the Clinton Center Cookbook.
Also in town is the Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site, where nine brave African-American students—the Little Rock Nine—were admitted in 1957 after the federal government sent troops to enforce desegregation. The museum itself is in a former gas station across the street.
The state's other contribution to American life is Wal-Mart, founded in Bentonville, where the Wal-Mart Visitors Center shows you how the company grew from 25 employees to 1.3 million. If you want to become a tycoon yourself, you may want to check out Crater of Diamonds State Park, where you can ogle North America's largest diamond (at 40.23 carats, no less) and many of the other diamonds that have been found in near Murfreesboro. For a small fee, you can go digging, too, and keep what you find. | history |
https://ogict.com/about-us/ | 2023-09-28T00:19:40 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510334.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927235044-20230928025044-00831.warc.gz | 0.968373 | 160 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__324476557 | en | We were founded in 1947 by Mr. Lou Voegeli Sr. to supply machining services to the industries in the Naugatuck River Valley of Western Connecticut. This area was a cradle of the American Industrial Revolution, having supported Clock manufacturing, Fashion Hardware production by the millions, Tire manufacturing (Charles Goodyear’s 1st factory was in Naugatuck) and later aerospace and defense products. Mr. Voegeli started his business in the proverbial garage, outgrowing several facilities until it was relocated to Prospect CT.
The business is now run by the second generation of the Voegeli family.
We are a Women Owned Small Business, committed to carrying on the legacy of Lou Sr. This involves producing Quality work, on-demand, to our target industries. | history |
http://driftglass.blogspot.com/2015/04/rip-dan-walker.html | 2018-06-25T02:12:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867364.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625014226-20180625034226-00615.warc.gz | 0.986255 | 449 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__194279404 | en | An interesting and innovative populist candidate (he walked the entire length of the state), a reformer who lost a political knife-fight with the Daley Machine --
The enmity between Walker and Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley's political organization was deep. In 1974, Walker supported state legislative candidates against Daley allies. Walker's deputy governor, Victor deGrazia, later said: "... I knew from the beginning that every time Daley looked at Walker, he saw the Church of England and the British suppression of the Irish, and when Dan would look at Daley, he would see the quintessential politician who was only interested in political gain."-- and became one of Illinois' many, many, many elected officials who did time in a House of Many Doors for forgetting that stuff about not breaking the the law.
In 1976 Walker was defeated in the Democratic primary, losing to Secretary of State Michael Howlett, the candidate supported by Mayor Daley, by a 54% to 46% margin. In the general election, Howlett was overwhelmingly defeated by James R. Thompson.
From the Southern Illinoisian:
Illinois' 36th governor Dan Walker dead at 92
SPRINGFIELD -- Illinois' 36th governor was remembered Wednesday as an energetic but confrontational chief executive who would later join the state's legion of elected officials who have served time in prison.
Dan Walker, who served as governor from 1973 to 1976, died at his home in California Wednesday. He was 92.
Ushered into office after a populist campaign that included a nearly 1,197-mile walk across the state, the one-term governor ran into a buzz saw of controversy with the General Assembly. Although elected as a reformer, leaders of the House and Senate characterized the lawyer as arrogant and uncompromising, hampering his ability to carry out his initiatives.
His relationship with his fellow Democrats fizzled and he lost his reelection bid in a stunning primary defeat to Michael Howlett. His departure from politics in 1977 ushered in a quarter century of Republican control of the governor's office.
Ten years after leaving office, Walker served 18 months in a federal lock-up for bank fraud unrelated to his time as governor. | history |
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