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https://www.cnzyot.govt.nz/about/news/tourism-industry-treated-to-a-night-at-the-theatre-for-the-year-of-tourism/ | 2019-05-19T06:34:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254253.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519061520-20190519083520-00093.warc.gz | 0.949362 | 413 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__46302320 | en | The China Chamber of Commerce in New Zealand (CCCNZ) and China Travel Service (CTS) NZ Ltd hosted tour operators and travel agents in early December 2018 to dinner and a night of musical comedy at SkyCity.
People who attended this night enjoyed a reworked version of City of 100 Lovers(external link) was organised by CTS with CTS with support from Air New Zealand, Air China, Auckland Airport and the newly created China Cultural Centre in NZ.
The event in Auckland was a teaser for the grand banquet being planned for the “Once in a lifetime experience,” to celebrate China-New Zealand Year of Tourism when the ancient city Xian will host up to 1,000 Kiwis on 10 September 2019 at an imperial banquet reminiscent of ancient times, just as an emperor would host with a Tang Dynasty performance.
Xian, the home of the ancient Terracotta Warriors, is rich with history and culture, and is one of the birthplaces of the ancient Chinese civilization.
Kiwis that book a September 2019 tour to China will be treated to a true “Once in a lifetime experience” as honoured guests of the Xian Provincial Government while touring China’s highlights and most popular attractions.
People can get a taste of what they can expect in Xian, by checking out the Terracotta Warriors: Guardians of Immortality(external link)秦始皇兵马俑: 永恒的守卫at Te Papa as part of the China-New Zealand Year of Tourism. The exhibition is open until the end of April 2019.
China National Tourism Administrati(external link)on will host diplomats from both nations joined by up to 1,000 New Zealanders that have scheduled a visit to China to coincide with the 10 September 2019 event. The visitors will all be treated as VIP invited guests to enjoy a theatrical ceremony and performance and an imperial banquet, based on those hosted by the emperor in ancient times. | history |
https://hermstudio.com/blogs/journal/bloody-marie-antoinette | 2018-05-24T17:21:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866733.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524170605-20180524190605-00058.warc.gz | 0.977865 | 684 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__141358819 | en | In the Spring of 1971, the Rolling Stones arrived at Villa Nellcôte on the Côte D’Azur as tax exiles from the UK. Keith Richards had been drawn to the house for its privacy – set back from the huge wrought iron gates by a great curved drive and shrouded with palm trees, it was kept free from prying eyes. In the 6-month house party that ensued, photographer Dominique Tarlé gained unprecedented access to the enigmatic life of the band while they created their seminal album “Exile on Main Street”.
A 16-room mansion of the Belle Époque period, Villa Nellcôte’s opulent baroque interiors were described by Richards to have looked as though they had been designed for “bloody Marie Antoinette”. In these gilded rooms, the rock stars lounged topless on shabby seventies armchairs. For interiors designed to exhibit the wealth and station of their occupants, the indifference of the celebrities in the photographs is striking.
“Upstairs, it was fantastic – like Versailles”, said Keith Richards. “But down there… it was Dante’s Inferno.” Downstairs was the basement, used to record the album. The house had once been used as a Nazi Gestapo headquarters in the 1940s and in the cellar, the heating vents were shaped like swastikas. Richards was apparently highly intrigued by the mansion’s sinister history, but told a visitor “It's OK. We're here now.”
During the Stones’ tenancy, the cellar was soundproofed with cheap carpets and the mobile studio had been driven from England. Illegal power lines from the French railway system over the road juiced their instruments. When they overheated, they rehearsed with their trousers off.
A carnival of characters drifted through the villa, including Bobby Keys, the sax player who taught Keith Richards the joys of throwing furniture out of windows; a drug dealer who brought his children, along with his cocaine supply; record execs; engineers; family members; lovers; groupies; wasters and journalists. A guy lived on the front lawn in a tepee. Writer Robert Greenfield recalls, “People appeared, disappeared, no one had a last name, you didn't know who anybody was.”
While the band continued their irregular recording in the cellar, the time at Nellcôte passed in a hazed, concealed enchantment. "There wasn't really any pattern, that wasn't the way they rolled," remembers Gretchen Carpenter, a visitor to the house. Ultimately, the spell ended with a police drugs bust, which prompted the band’s departure to the States where they worked to make sense of the Nellcôte tapes.
Today, this infamous house is cloaked in mystery. It is presently owned by a wealthy Russian, who bought it for €100 million in 2005. Visitors are not welcome. The curious may flock to take photos outside the gates, but are shouted away by guards. Many stories emerged from those 6 months, but the truth is now concealed behind closed doors. It’s a fitting end to the story: the time the Stones spent there has passed into ambiguity, and legend. | history |
https://detv.us/2021/10/08/aiding-and-abetting-3518-murders-concentration-camp-guard-in-court-i-am-innocent/ | 2021-10-27T00:09:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587963.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026231833-20211027021833-00570.warc.gz | 0.97085 | 440 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__108974195 | en | The 100-year-old Josef S. is said to have “knowingly and willingly” participated in the murder of camp inmates. This is the charge in his case, which is being heard before the Neuruppin Regional Court. If you believe his statement, S. is not aware of any guilt.
The former security guard of the concentration camp (KZ) Sachsenhausen accused before the district court Neuruppin in Brandenburg has pleaded not guilty. “I haven’t done anything at all, I’m innocent,” said the hundred-year-old Josef S. He is accused of complicity in murder in 3,518 cases. S. is said to have “knowingly and willingly” participated in the murder of camp inmates between 1942 and 1945.
The trial began on Thursday when the indictment was read. According to an expert opinion, S. is only able to negotiate to a limited extent – for two to two and a half hours a day. Because of the proximity to his place of residence, the trial takes place in Brandenburg an der Havel – and there in a sports hall for reasons of space. A further 20 days of negotiations are scheduled until January.
The public prosecutor’s office accuses S., among other things, of aiding and abetting the shooting of Soviet prisoners of war, of murdering prisoners through the use of poison gas and of killing “through the creation and maintenance of hostile conditions”. According to the public prosecutor’s office, S. belonged to the guard battalion of the Sachsenhausen camp, in which the SS had stationed a large contingent, until 1945.
The camp north of Berlin was a training place for guards and commanders of the concentration camps in the entire Nazi terror system. The Central Office for Solving Nazi Crimes in Ludwigsburg handed over the case of the hundred-year-old concentration camp guard to the Neuruppin public prosecutor’s office in April 2019. This then brought charges in January of this year. In Germany there have recently been several trials against former members of concentration camp teams. | history |
https://www.vfmenswear.com.au/products/brando-kurtsue-melon-monk-strap-shoe | 2024-02-24T01:39:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474482.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224012912-20240224042912-00089.warc.gz | 0.925309 | 296 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__46908392 | en | This melon suede monk strap, comes with 2 buckle strap suede leather, a good statement shoe, can dress down with a nice pair of jeans & chinos or linen trouser.
- Suede leather upper
- Synthetic sole & leather lining
- 2 buckle strap
- Cemented sole
- Made with a approx 2.5cm heel
- Made in Italy
In 15th century Europe, the life of a monk was dedicated to worship and manual labor, monks traversed the hills of Europe, reaping, sowing, plowing and binding the crops for their villages. Monks typically wore double strap sandals while plowing the fields, wearing sandals did not offer enough protection and slowed down work. The monks needed a practical shoe that covered the foot, was durable, and could withstand the rough terrains, the solution was a closed version of the traditional monks strap sandal, thus came the introduction of a monk strap shoe. The modern day monk strap, gives you a balance of two choices, it’s halfway between an oxford and a loafer, It’s a slip on, like a loafer, but includes a tongue or vamp like a closed shoe, Instead of laces, monks have their characteristic buckles, just a great all round shoe.
Weight: 1.0 kg
Product of: Brando
Country of Origin: Italy
Country of Manufacture: Italy | history |
https://ooni.com/blogs/ooni-insights/let-s-get-deep-we-re-talking-pan-pizza | 2023-11-28T15:32:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099892.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128151412-20231128181412-00397.warc.gz | 0.949027 | 782 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__190872695 | en | Let’s Get Deep - We’re Talking Pan Pizza!
Continuing our trip down pizza memory lane, this week we’re focusing on pan pizza… Arguably the most indulgent of pizza styles, pan pizza tends to have a thicker, more robust base, and is loaded with toppings. We kick off in Sicily, where pan pizzas were born...
Sicily’s intriguing history has a rich multicultural past, left behind by the different rulers the Island has had. Although ubiquitous with Italian cuisine, tomatoes weren’t introduced to Sicily until the mid 16th Century, so pizza before then was without pomodori!
Sicilian style pizza is known as sfincione in Italy, and was the only type of pizza eaten on the island until the mid 19th Century. There are many stories about how Sfincione came to be, including the Nuns of the Royal San Vito Monastery in Palermo, and their resourceful nature to turn plain bread into something fit for a prince!.
So, what is sfincione? The Palermitan version is a focaccia style base, topped with a variety of ingredients including tomato, herbs, onions, cheese, and anchovies, and continues to be a staple of daily life. Each region has its own take on sfincione, both in toppings and form!
Check out Slicemonger’s recipe for classic Sicilian…
Detroit style pizza is undoubtedly the most indulgent of all pizza-styles. A thick, bouncy base, with a crisp bottom crust, absolutely stunningly cheesy edges and indulgent toppings. Detroit is the ULTIMATE comfort pizza.
Detroit was created back in the mid 1940s by Buddy’s Rendezvous, and was based on owner Anna Guerra’s mother’s recipe for Sicilian pizza, although there is some controversy as an employee claimed it was their recipe. The distinctive rectangular shape originates from the metal pans it was originally baked in. Buddy’s used blue steel pans, made from scrap metal created to contain small automotive parts. They were the perfect size and shape for the deep pan pizza style. The distinctive sauce stripes on top are named racing stripes, honoring the Motor City of Detroit.
The term Detroit style didn’t come into play until the 1980s, and wasn’t widely used until the late 2000s, as the style was still referred to as Sicilian.
The popularity of Detroit style took off after 2012 when Shawn Rendazzo won the Las Vegas International Pizza Expo world championship with a Detroit-style pizza. He went on to train many pizzerias in the style of Detroit.
It’s a firm favourite at Ooni HQ, with everyone vying for the corner piece. Here’s our how to.
The most famous of the pan pizzas… Chicago-style. Yep, you may remember a certain brand of micro pizzas from your youth… Chicago Deep Dish pizzas are unrivalled in flavor and style. With its characteristically tall crust and pastry-like base, each slice is loaded to the max with cheese, meat, and sauce.
Let’s skip back to 1943. Pizzeria Uno in Chicago is commonly cited as the birthplace of Chicago-style, but there are conflicts between whether it was founder Ike Sewell or pizza chef Rudy Malnati who first developed the deep dish delight. If that wasn’t enough contention, the Saverio Rosati family claim their recipe for deep dish pizza hasn’t changed since Rosati’s authentic Chicago pizza opened in 1926! What’s food without a little competition and controversy?!
Stay tuned for the OG of pizza… | history |
https://clivedenliteraryfestival.org/susan-jonusas/ | 2024-02-23T02:32:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474360.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223021632-20240223051632-00260.warc.gz | 0.940695 | 127 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__163918254 | en | Susan Jonusas is a historian specialising in crime and culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. After studying Modern History and English Literature at the University of St Andrews, she completed a masters in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine at King’s College London. Her first book, Hell’s Half-Acre: The Untold Story of the Benders, a Serial Killer Family on the American Frontier was published by Viking and Scribner UK, spring 2022. Susan has written for CNN, History Today and The Spectator World. When she is not writing, she is on the archery range. | history |
http://ice.burtonworld.uk/wooden-tank-evolution.html | 2020-02-19T00:44:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143963.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200219000604-20200219030604-00335.warc.gz | 0.957991 | 195 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__107742101 | en | My wooden tanks are all made from some old scrap wood and a few dowels. The first generation were a very basic and blocky design.
My second generation introduced some sloped armour and upgraded guns.
I then got a bit more sophisticated and made a half track, fixed turret tank, an open turret tank, a flail tank and a bridge tank.
I used an elastic band to link the flail to the wheels so the flail spins as the tank drives along.
Next, I made some buildings, army trucks and field guns.
My lastest set of wooden tanks are modelled on some of my favourite real life tanks. I made a BRM-1, M3 and M4 Sherman, Russian T34 and the British FV430.
I actually made a whole fleet of T34's and M4 Shermans (both the original US version and the upgraded British version, the Sherman Firefly, with the bigger cannon). | history |
http://www.firstprescaldwell.info/happenings.html | 2020-02-29T12:51:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875149238.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200229114448-20200229144448-00359.warc.gz | 0.951371 | 138 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__68029949 | en | Come join us on Sunday, August 5, 2018, to celebrate 150 years of the Caldwell First Presbyterian Church! We are located at 532 North Street. We have a parking lot on the corner of Lewis and Spruce streets. Music will start at 3:30 PM and the worship service will begin at 4:00 PM. A dinner will follow the service. Reservations for the dinner are $12.00 per person. Paid reservations are due to LaDonna Cordell by July 29th. If you have questions, please email the church at [email protected] or phone at (740)732-4767. Hope you can come! | history |
https://www.bpf.org.uk/events/all-over-shop-how-can-heritage-assets-help-our-high-streets-adapt | 2020-05-31T15:55:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413551.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531151414-20200531181414-00595.warc.gz | 0.905479 | 305 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__152674655 | en | 17:45 - 20:00
Penningtons Manches, 125 Wood Street, London, EC2V 7AW
Join the British Property Federation and Historic England for our joint annual seminar which will focus on how heritage assets can help revitalise the high street.
During the seminar, we’ll hear from representatives from Historic England and The Architectural Heritage Fund on their work programmes in this area, following their funding packages announced as part of the Government’s Future High Streets Fund at the Autumn Budget.
We will also hear from a leading restaurant operator for their take on how heritage can help the high street adapt as well as be joined by Rachel Campbell, Head of Regeneration, at the Cities and Local Growth Unit, MHCLG, for the panel discussion.
17:45 Registration and refreshments
18:15 Introduction and welcome from Tim Johnson, Partner, Penningtons Manches
18:20 Opening remarks from Ian Morrison, Director of Policy and Evidence, Historic England
18:25 Claudia Kenyatta, Director of Regions, Historic England
18:35 Simon Galkoff, Group Procurement Director, Casual Dining Group
18:45 Matthew McKeague, Chief Executive, The Architectural Heritage Fund
18:55 Q&A chaired by Melanie Leech, Chief Executive, BPF
19:20 Networking drinks
This event is now fully booked.
Please email [email protected] to be added to a waiting list. | history |
https://ks.biznet-us.com/firms/6616848/ | 2020-01-22T13:25:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250607118.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122131612-20200122160612-00419.warc.gz | 0.971573 | 677 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__209426846 | en | This old Victorian Mansion provides a wonderful retreat for the couple who wants to get away, or a home away from home for business people, travelers, or hunters. Groups, comprised of families and/or friends, find the setting perfect when weddings, reunions, birthdays, or memorial services are scheduled in the area. Conference and party rooms can be arranged for these special events. Bring your own laptop and use our wireless high-speed internet anywhere in the mansion or use our computer in the work nook. Children are welcome, and pets may be boarded at "D'Tails" close by the Mansion (Bed & Biscuit rate is $10/day) .
To reserve a room for yourself or someone you care about, please give us a call at (785) 282-3798 (cell -0107) or email us at [email protected]. Gift certificates are available.
For information on the Ingleboro Mansion Tea Parlor, call (785) 282-3531.
J. R. Burrow moved to Smith Center in the early 1880s and founded the 1st National Bank of Smith Center. The mansion was built in 1899 as a private residence for Burrow and his 3rd wife, whose maiden name was Ingalls; thus they named their new home "Ingleboro". Burrow later moved to Topeka and became president of the Central National Bank and Kansas Secretary of State. During the Burrow's years, the house and grounds covered a city block, which included a private park complete with deer, a stream, peacocks, and a gazebo.
Burrow sold the house to Henry Williams in 1905. Dr. C. C. Funk purchased the residence several years later and turned it into a hospital. Most of those born in Smith Center between 1921 and 1951 were delivered in an upstairs bedroom. In 1952, Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Mahin opened the mansion as a nursing home. They were joined by the Burleys in 1955.
When the nursing home closed after 22 years, the Burleys renovated the residence and turned it into a restaurant. This tradition was continued even as ownership of the mansion changed two more times. In 1982, Dave Haug began operating the Ingleboro Restaurant and Lounge and added the Inglenook Bed and Dinner. Joe and Darla Conaway purchased the mansion in 1998 and operated it as a restaurant and a bed and breakfast until February of 2000 when the restaurant was closed.
In August 2000, the current owners, Bruce and Bobbi Miles, moved here from Denver after staying at the Bed and Breakfast several times. "We fell in love with the friendliness of the local people and the slower pace of this mid-western town. Since it is centrally located, it is convenient for our children and grandchildren to visit no matter where in the states they move."
Over the years care has been taken to preserve the Victorian flavor of the grand mansion, which has valiantly served Smith Center and the surrounding area. The two-story frame home is decorated with converted carbide and kerosene lights, imported stained glass windows, cherry, oak and maple woodwork, and bay windows. The entryway and staircase are particularly impressive as are the elaborate oak and cherry fireplaces that display the original tile work. | history |
https://collectivecraft.com/product/champa-earrings/ | 2022-10-06T22:42:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337889.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006222634-20221007012634-00497.warc.gz | 0.931117 | 145 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__288482168 | en | The Champa Earrings are inspired from the beautiful flowers of Magnolia champaca.
Crafted with Nickel-free Brass plated with 18K Gold.
Jewellery played an important role in ancient Kalinga. Artistic representations of daily life reveal how affluent people used jewellery to display wealth and prestige. Some of the best -preserved examples come from the rock sculptures of 13th-century Sun temple at Konark, as well as the gold ornaments of Lord Jagannath crafted in 15th-century and presently housed at the Puri temple’s treasury.
Our Jewellery is adapted from these ornaments. This piece embodies Kalinga’s rich cultural heritage. | history |
https://www.ticketmaster.no/venue/kongsberg-kirke-kongsberg-billetter/kkk/3 | 2019-06-19T12:50:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998986.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619123854-20190619145854-00281.warc.gz | 0.983858 | 1,127 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__118277465 | en | During the 1700s the organ held such importance in the church that the interior was not considered complete before the organ was in place. The Gloger Organ was inaugurated in 1765 and its magnificent façade filled the area of the church above the pulpit. This organ, constructed in the Baroque style, was without doubt a true masterpiece.
Gottfried Heinrich Gloger (1710-1779)
Gloger was born in Hannover and received his first organ-building training under his father, Johann Heinrich Gloger. Gloger came to Norway as early as 1738, and in 1746 the King awarded him the royal privilege of organ builder. He was the greatest organ builder in Norway during the 1700s - the golden age for the European organ culture.
A demanding contract
On 19 July 1760, Gloger signed the contract to build an organ in Kongsberg's new church for the price of 2 200 riksdaler (old Norwegian currency). He was personally responsible for all expenses incurred in connection with the building.
The finished instrument had 42 voices distributed over three manuals and pedals. The Organ was equipped with six large bellows. Via a separate register bell, the organist passed a message to the calcants (bellow treaders) to tell them when they should begin treading. This arrangement is also used today in some concerts.
At that time, the Gloger Organ was considered an organ of considerable size, and it was the largest Gloger would ever build.
The Organ was finally finished in 1765, and it was a considerably impoverished and reduced organ builder who was ultimately paid 4 000 riksdaler for his work.
The fate of the Gloger Organ
In the years leading to around 1850, the Organ underwent a number of repairs, one of these being to the bellows which were exposed to a lot of wear and tear and also hungry mice! The first major repair was probably made in 1780.
In 1849, there was great uncertainty as to whether the Organ was playable. Because of this concern, the country's leading church-music authority, Ludvig Mathias Lindemann, was asked to come to Kongsberg and advise on the matter. The Organ was then repaired in 1850 by the young Norwegian organ builder, Paul Christian Brantzeg.
At the end of the 1800s, the organ-building tradition was undergoing a period of conflict, and many people believed that Baroque organs were old-fashioned.
During a fire in the church loft at the end of the 1880s, the Organ was severely water damaged and, instead of repairing the Gloger Organ, the church had a new organ built by a German, Albert Hollenbach.
As time passed, the church community became increasingly keen to have the old Gloger Organ restored to its original playing condition. However, efforts always fell short owing to a lack of funds.
Drama around the Organ
In 1928, Tinius Olsen (a Kongsberg citizen who had emigrated to Philadelphia, USA) donated a large sum of money towards the Organ's restoration.
In brief, what happened was that the Organ's original air pressuriser and playing mechanism were removed and placed in the church loft. An electric console was installed in the gallery on the opposite side to the organ balcony, and everything was connected together using electric cables. Contrary to the wishes of the national antiquarian, most of the pipework was rebuilt in order to accommodate the musical preferences of the 1930s. The Gloger Organ from 1765 was therefore not restored in accordance with the conditions of the donation. In fact, it was a completely new organ which was now behind the Baroque façade.
Fortunately, most parts of the Organ had been looked after and were stored in the church loft. The next attempt to restore the Organ took place in 1974 on the initiative of the young and newly employed organist, Reidar Hauge, but the time was still not ripe for the restoration.
Scandinavia's greatest Baroque organ is restored
There are a number of preserved organ facades built by Gloger, but when the Gloger Committee began work on the restoration process in 1993, it was only in Kongsberg that there were enough organ parts to enable restoration of the organ itself.
Following a long period of fund-raising for the restoration, in 1997 the Committee was able to sign the contract with the renowned German organ builder, Jürgen Ahrend from Leer in northwest Germany.
In January 2001, the Gloger Organ was finished, restored to the original Baroque organ from 1765.
With the addition of newly cast pipes, Jürgen Ahrend had recreated in the restored Gloger pipes the authentic sounds of old.
We must assume that the sounds from the Organ today are the same as those that were heard in the second half of the 1700s.
A national treasure
Kongsberg now owns Scandinavia's greatest historical instrument with 42 voices. Because of this, Kongsberg has international status as a concert church, and the town has made significant strides in its development as a cultural centre.
The work of taking care of and restoring not only a national treasure but also the greatest Baroque organ in Scandinavia, was a major example of voluntary work involving many players, not least a vast number of the people of Kongsberg itself. | history |
http://www.queermap.com/community-quilt-projects-by-caffyn-kelley/ | 2024-02-25T19:36:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474641.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225171204-20240225201204-00112.warc.gz | 0.932799 | 163 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__102428240 | en | In 1996 Caffyn worked with the people of Kensington, Vancouver to create a 50-foot quilt for the entrance of the community centre.
In 2001 Caffyn worked on the Islands in the Salish Sea Community Mapping Project, creating this celebrated quilt on Salt Spring Island watersheds.
In 2001 Caffyn worked with the community of Trout Lake, Vancouver, creating over 40 artworks on nature and natural history. These included two community quilts and a large-scale environmental sculpture.
Other projects include Union, a quilt created for Paula Stromberg of the Office and Professional Employees International Union to celebrate the power of collective action, and a series of quilts created on the history and environment of Indian Arm, the inlet where Caffyn lived from 1985-1996. | history |
https://www.gmks.in/programmes/kathodi-rehabilitation/ | 2023-12-07T00:13:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100626.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206230347-20231207020347-00028.warc.gz | 0.972273 | 285 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__152528509 | en | Gandhi Manav Kalyan Society extended its all support and a helping hand to thousands of poor migrant families to resettle in the villages. It provided houses and other basic amenities. These people had no land and homes for shelter. Nor they had two square meals in a day. With the help from Gandhi Manav Kalyan Society, the Kathodi tribal people started to begin a new life.
It was a great sense of realization among the members of the Society to take up the plight of this Kathodi community. In 1986, the members of Gandhi Manav Kalyan Society came in to their rescue and started working for their rehabilitation. Samija village was identified for the rehabilitation of this Kathodi community. The period from 1986 to 2000 was seen as the most crucial period for development of the Kathodis. During the period, Gandhi Manav Kalyan Society had fought a battle with the government to acquire 104 acres of land for the rehabilitation of this tribal community.
The society constructed 382 houses to provide shelter to the Kathodi families; non-formal education centre, child labour rehabilitation school and a residential hostel were established with the help of government and other agencies.
Hand pumps, latrines and other drinking water facilities were arranged in the villages. The Society had also established a community centre in the village. The villagers were provided adequate training to start cultivation in the areas. | history |
https://www.botmatic.shanuboghenterprises.com/2022/06/10/post-3/ | 2023-12-09T05:44:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209040008-20231209070008-00024.warc.gz | 0.953677 | 233 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__15008464 | en | What is a blog?
Even if you’re not sure what a blog is, you’ve no doubt come across one at some point in time. Perhaps you’ve stumbled across a blog when you’ve searched “healthy dinner recipes”.
First, let’s go over a brief history in 1994, Swarthmore College student Justin Hall is credited with the creation of the first blog, Links.net. At the time, however, it wasn’t considered a blog … just a personal homepage.
In 1997, Jorn Barger, blogger for Robot Wisdom, coined the term “weblog”, which was meant to describe his process for “logging the web” as he surfed the internet. The term “weblog” was shortened to “blog” in 1999, by programmer Peter Merholz.
In the early stages, a blog was a personal web log or journal in which someone could share information or their opinion on a variety of topics. The information was posted reverse chronologically, so the most recent post would appear first. | history |
https://cashmerepashminagroup.com/shalws-of-kashmir | 2019-09-22T04:28:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575076.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922032904-20190922054904-00198.warc.gz | 0.954082 | 431 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__178293096 | en | Shawls of Kashmir
The ancient Shawl of Kashmir appears in recorded history from 13th century as a wrap around the shoulders used by Royalty, Elite and connoisseurs.
Moughals immensely admired Kashmir shawls and encouraged it during 17th century until which time the weaving skill of shawl making had reached its zenith.
It is recorded history that the weaving skills of Artisans of the Valley of Kashmir have been acclaimed world over and it is this skill which makes a "Pashmina" Shawl
It appeared on International scene during the period of Napolean Bonapart when it became a status symbol.
Napolean gifted his wife Jozaffin many intricately woven and colourful shawls which till date are preserved in Museums.
The characteristics of a Kashmir Shawl are the fine wool used, weaving skills and colorfulness. Two centuries back the beautiful colours were imparted with vegetable dyes which were extracted from herbs, plants and fruits gifted by nature in abundance through scenic beauty of the Valley.
Another characteristic of Kashmir Shawl is the hand embroidery which is done to adorn the shawl and in earlier times the embroidery was done depending upon specific use and ranged from Haishyadaar ( a small row running along four sides) to Jammawar (embroidered allover).
The specimens of these ancient motif are preserved in International and domestic Museums.
Kashmir Shawls come in two varieties:
1). Super fine wool derived from sheep
2). Pashmina derived from domesticated animals, the Capra Hircus Goat, living at an altitude of 12,000-14,000 ft in Himalayas. At 16,000 ft, these animals are able to withstand absolute cold conditions and temperature drops to minus 50 degrees. Nature has thus bestowed upon this animal a special undercoat of wool which sustains it through horrid winters. This undercoat is sheared, scoured, shaved, spun and woven into beautiful fabric called “Kashmir Pashmina Shawl” | history |
http://cockburn.inmycommunity.com.au/news-and-views/local-news/Unlocking-history-of-thong-a-real-feat/7616929/ | 2013-05-23T09:51:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703108201/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111828-00049-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.982138 | 197 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__137254520 | en | THE thong, Australian in design according to popular belief, was designed in New Zealand and inspired by Japanese sandals, a retired academic plans to tell his audience in Clarkson this month.
Shoe historian and podiatrist Cameron Kippen will give a free talk on the history of the thong and how it became an international form of footwear at Clarkson Library on March 29.
Mr Kippen said when shoes started adorning feet 10,000 years ago, they were not worn to protect feet, but were the prerogative of the rich.
His talk would cover the early origins of sandals, their evolution to the modern era and how the popular ‘Aussie’ thong came into being.
“It’s littered with a bit of humour and light-heartedness,” he said.
Call 9407 1600 to book a seat at the free event, which starts at 6pm on Thursday, March 29. | history |
http://www.moonstartour.com/perge-aspendos-side-tour/ | 2018-10-23T19:09:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583516892.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023174507-20181023200007-00034.warc.gz | 0.952618 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__196410881 | en | Perge Aspendos Side Tour
Antalya has so many different kind of beauties to offer to the visitors. Perge is the largest ancient city of Pamphilia, also the capitol of Pamphilia. Also Perge has importance in Christian History since St. PAul and St Barnabas visited the city twice and “preached the word”.
Aspendos is another Pamphilian city and famous with the ancient theater still remaining. The ancient theater of Aspendos has built in 2nd century AD but still being used for concerts and other activities. It has a capacity of 15.000 seats.
Side is one of the most famous classical antique cities of Turkey. It is dating back to 10th century BC. Ruled by different civilizations,it was an important trade center with its harbour.
After lunch we will visit Side antique city and see the theatre, Roman Baths and the Temple of Apollo.You will have one hour free time to swimm and explore the city. Afterwards, we will srive back to Antalya and visit Kursunlu Waterfall on our way.
We will drop you off to your hotel.
- Pick up and drop off from hotel.
- All transfers with a modern air conditioned vehicle
- English Speaking professional guide
- All entrance fees | history |
https://cpri.icar.gov.in/Content/Index/?qlid=11&&Ls_is=11&&lngid=1 | 2022-05-29T08:00:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663048462.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20220529072915-20220529102915-00733.warc.gz | 0.945188 | 178 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__210558962 | en | Though potato is a household name today in India, it came to this ancient land only about 400 years ago during Mughal dynasty. After its introduction from Europe in the beginning of 17th century, it remained an insignificant crop till independence, largely because of poor productivity of introduced European varieties that were adapted to temperate agro-climate and were suitable for cultivation in hills of India as summer crop. The Government of India established the ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute in the year 1949 to harness the potential of this promising crop for food security. The institute developed suitable varieties and technologies that virtually transformed the temperate potato crop to sub-tropical one enabling its spread from cooler hill regions to the vast Indo-Gangetic plains as a rabi crop. It triggered a revolution in potato production causing very fast growth in area, production and productivity during next five decades. | history |
http://hartsvilletrousdale.com/trousdale-county | 2018-04-22T00:51:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945484.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422002521-20180422022521-00148.warc.gz | 0.96595 | 166 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__4564933 | en | Nestled in the northern portion of Middle Tennessee, this rural county has a current population just over 7000 scattered over its beautiful hills and lush valleys. Farming, largely tobacco, was the economic base that formed this county, and it is still prevalent today. Many area families came to this fertile land from Virginia and North Carolina when their tobacco-growing families could not subdivide their lands any further. Tennessee was a new state looking for settlers, and this area of the Highland Rim was an ideal location to build a homestead.
The county seat is located in Hartsville, and other communities include Barthelia, Beech Grove, Cato, Gravel Hill, Halltown, Kings (Beasley's Bend), Providence, Puryears Bend, Shady Grove, Templow, Walnut Grove, and Willard. | history |
https://michellewalshphotography.com/tag/london/ | 2024-03-02T03:00:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475727.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302020802-20240302050802-00033.warc.gz | 0.898856 | 259 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__76193506 | en | Tudor Barn Wedding Photographer, London.
The Tudor Barn, is a historical grade 2 listed building and a hidden gem right in Eltham. Situated in wonderful grounds and gardens with its own semi-moat it is a great venue to hold your wedding. Edith Nesbit, author of the Railway Children once resided here.
Michelle Walsh Photography is a recommended Tudor Barn Wedding Photographer in Eltham, London SE9 and I have shot many weddings at the Tudor Barn. One of South East London’s best Wedding Venues in my opinion for a warm and inviting feeling, particularly in the winter season too.
If you are visiting the Tudor Barn Wedding Fayre in Eltham tomorrow, here’s a couple of photos to wet your appetite.
I can’t wait to meet with you this Valentines weekend to discuss your wedding photography, whether you’re getting married at the Tudor Barn in Eltham or elsewhere in London or the surrounding areas. Come down and grab a glass of champagne and some hot show offers!
Sunday 12th February 2017, Tudor Barn Eltham, 11am – 4pm
Well Hall Pleasaunce, Well Hall Road, Eltham SE9 | history |
https://capelahaveadventures.ca/cape-lahave-adventures/chignecto-and-the-bay-of-fun-dy | 2019-10-22T23:29:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987826436.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022232751-20191023020251-00475.warc.gz | 0.940574 | 152 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__72582225 | en | Earlier this month we had the pleasure of guiding a three day multi-day trip in the Bay of Fundy, along the shoreline of Cape Chignecto Provincial Park. This seldom visited coastline features the highest cliffs on the mainland of Nova Scotia, impressive sea stacks and rock spires, sea caves, and of course the incredible tides of the Bay of Fundy. In addition to the unique geology, the coastline has a rich history. From our camp at Refugee Cove where we found evidence of an old mill, we hiked up to French Lookout, where the Acadians kept a watchful eye out for British ships. All in all, a fascinating coastline to explore. Many thanks to all of those who joined us for a great adventure! | history |
https://gymkaki.com/threads/revisiting-9-11-unpublished-photos-by-james-nachtwey.1038/ | 2023-10-03T00:19:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511023.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002232712-20231003022712-00560.warc.gz | 0.968278 | 146 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__249881998 | en | James Nachtwey happened to be in New York the morning of 9/11 and made his way to Ground Zero. Ten years ago, TIME published Nachtwey’s extraordinary pictures from the day, but he had not revisited those 27 rolls of film since. A few weeks ago, we had Nachtwey in the office, poring over his contact sheets, reliving the events of that Tuesday. Here, he shares his edit of those photographs, some previously unpublished (slides: 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15), with TIME and spoke with writer David Levi Strauss about the work.
James Nachtwey's 9/11 Photographs - LightBox | history |
https://www.goldforbeginner.com/history-gold/ | 2023-06-10T18:25:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657735.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610164417-20230610194417-00686.warc.gz | 0.950658 | 3,903 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__45463751 | en | This article explores the history of human’s relationship with the yellow metal in the last five centuries. For ease of comprehension, the story is broken up into 11 parts.
Table of Contents
1. Ancient History and Classical era (8th century BC and the 5th century AD)
In Egypt and the Middle East, 5 centuries ago, gold and other metals fulfilled the functions of money, as a medium of exchange, means of payment, and store of value. However, its utility in economic transactions was still not popular.
Lydian King Croesus, in 560 BC, was the first to mint standardized gold coins with the same size and value as a medium of exchange. These standardized gold coins, in addition to their intended purpose, guaranteed the quality of the rare and precious metal.
The Roman Empire, in 225 BC, started using gold coins for economic transactions. This came about as a result of the glut and subsequent crash of their silver currency. The oversupply of silver from the Roman colonies led to this eventuality. Soon, Roman gold coins or Solidus were widely circulated and remained the dominant currency in Europe, Northern Africa, and Asia Minor until the beginning of the 12th century.
2. Medieval Era (5th century to 15th century)
Silver was the preferred metal for coins in the middle ages. Gold served as a store of value rather than as a means of payment because of its rarity and the higher value when compared to silver. Ultimately it was the Crusades and the newly developing long-distance trade that helped in establishing gold as a means of payment. In Europe, during medieval times, gold was valued 10 – 12 times silver.
The hallmarking of gold began in 1300 to ensure the quality of gold. Hallmarking is a system to verify and guarantee the purity of gold. This was started in London and followed elsewhere, thus establishing a common standard for gold purity.
The 14th and 15th centuries witnessed a sudden rocketing of gold values. A decline in gold mining in Europe and a consequent reduction in the new gold supply is considered the main reason for this. This led to an 80% decrease in coin production, making gold coins rarer. The price of this precious metal shot up, paving way for constant deflation.
3. Early Modern Era (15th century to 18th century)
The Discovery of the New World changed the course of history in many ways. When Europeans found their way to the Americas, resulting in the subjugation of the natives and plundering of their resources, vast quantities of gold found its way to Europe in the early 16th century. The arrival of fresh gold supply eased the deflation and ultimately led to inflation in Spain. This trend caught up in the rest of Europe and much later in Asia.
During the late 16th century, the glut of gold from the Americas led to further loss of value for this precious metal. This situation was aggravated by the mixing of other metals such as copper with gold for coins, resulting in its loss of purity. The Seven Years War (1756–1763) forced European countries to mint more of these low-grade gold coins.
The fixed gold-silver conversion rate was introduced in the United Kingdom by Sir Isaac Newton, the warden of the Royal Mint, as a measure to combat the fluctuations in the value of gold coins.
The British Parliament in 1774 introduced the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard is a monetary standard in which the strength of a nation’s currency is determined by its gold reserves, i.e., the quantity of gold it holds.
The 18th and early 19th centuries witnessed the co-existence of gold and silver coins. With the introduction of a fixed conversion rate for the two metals, the European countries and the US began minting coins in both gold and silver simultaneously. In France, from 1795, the fixed conversion rate was set at 15:1. This means gold is 15 times more valuable than silver.
4. Classic Gold Standard (1816 – 1914)
Great Britain made gold its official national currency with Lord Liverpool’s Act on 22nd June 1816. The convertibility of gold and Pound Sterling was legally guaranteed on 1st May 1821. All these lead to other countries pegging their currencies to the British Pound, thus making it the reserve currency. This move established British dominance in international finance and trade relations. By the end of the 19th century, the British Pound was the currency used for two-thirds of world trade and most countries were holding it as their foreign exchange reserve.
American Civil War and Gold Speculation: From 1810 to 1833, the US pursued the de facto silver standard. The gold price stood at USD 19.39 for one ounce of pure gold. The US government set the gold-silver conversion rate at 16:1 by the Coinage Act of 1834. This led to the implementation of the de facto gold standard and the price went up to USD 20.69.
The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) and later on the Black Friday at the New York Stock Exchange on 24th September 1869 triggered skyrocketing gold prices to USD 47.02 and USD 155, respectively. per ounce. In 1879, the US government set the gold price at USD 20.67 and reverted to the gold standard. With the implementation of the Gold Standard Act, 1900, gold was made an official means of payment.
5. Between the Two World Wars (1918 – 1939)
World War forced the central banks to abandon the gold standard to allow them to print more paper currencies to help finance the war. After the end of the First World War, in 1922, at the Genoa conference, the central banks proposed a partial return to the gold standard to encourage international trade and to stabilize the national economies. The proposed partial gold standard means the gold remained in the vaults of the central banks and this gold was represented by paper currencies.
The poor coordination and improper implementation of the partial gold standard paved the way for the overvaluation and undervaluation of important national currencies across the world. This ultimately resulted in the collapse of the new gold standard as a regulatory system of the international monetary system. The last straw that led to this breakdown was the decision of the Bank of England to suspend redeeming gold in 1933. This translated to the stoppage of the system that allowed citizens to exchange paper money for gold.
In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt, the President of the USA, announced the prohibition of possessing gold by citizens. The citizens were asked to exchange gold of any form – coins, bars, and certificates – for a fixed rate of USD 20.67 per ounce. The sole exception allowed in this order was for the gold used for industrial and artistic purposes. The rationale of this move was the prevention of the circulation of privately-held gold that was threatening of becoming an alternative currency.
A violation of this prohibitory order resulted in a fine of USD 100 or 10 years in prison. The citizens were allowed to possess up to 5 ounces of gold. This means the majority of the population was not affected by the order. This order remained in force for 40 years when it was finally abolished. The Exchange Stabilization Fund was established on 31st January 1934 and the price of gold was fixed at USD 35 per ounce.
6. Bretton Woods System (1944 – 1971)
Named after the New Hampshire hotel where the World War II Allied nations held the conference of Bretton Woods in 1944, the Bretton Woods System is a monetary order that sets the rules for international currency exchange based on the US Dollar and gold. With this agreement, the British Pound lost its status as the reserve currency and was replaced by the US Dollar. The exchange rate for gold was fixed at USD 35 per ounce. This means the currencies of signatory countries of the Bretton Woods Agreement were linked to the US Dollar.
Goal: With the US Dollar being the reserve currency, the exchange rate for gold could be set for long periods in advance. The Bretton Woods Agreement made it obligatory for the United States to redeem the foreign reserves of signatory countries held in the US Dollar for gold.
The purpose of the new system was to enable free trade among the participating countries on fixed exchange rates. To oversee the functioning and implementation of the Bretton Woods System, two institutions were established – International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction.
Triffin Paradox: The Belgian-American economist Robert Triffin was the first to detect a flaw in the Bretton Woods System in 1959. The Triffin Dilemma pointed out the conflict of economic interests between short-term domestic and long-term international objectives for the United States, whose currency served as the global reserve currency. When the US Dollar was elevated as the global reserve currency, foreign nations were holding more of it than the US central bank had gold reserves. To maintain liquidity for international trade, more US Dollars had to be printed. This move would lead to a deficit in the balance of payments for the United States. To overcome this dilemma, Triffin suggested the creation of an artificial currency. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) came up with Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), a supplementary foreign exchange reserve maintained by the IMF.
London Gold Pool: In 1960, when the foreign liabilities of the United States exceeded their national gold reserves, it started threatening the Bretton Woods System. To avert this danger and to sustain the system, the United States and seven European countries decided to pool their gold reserves to maintain the stability of the system and defend the gold exchange rate at USD 35 per ounce as a market intervention in the London Gold Market. The central banks of these eight nations managed coordinated gold sale/buy to counter the fluctuations in the market price of gold.
Crisis: In 1967, Charles de Gaulle, the French President, withdrew France from the London Gold Pool citing the Vietnam War. Simultaneously, the British government devalued the British Pound. These events led to a spike in the demand for gold, upsetting the applecart further.
Collapse: In 1969, multiple signatories of the Bretton Woods Agreement came forward to redeem their foreign reserves for gold. The United States was in no position to honor their commitment to the agreement. The United States could not manage to redeem the dollar reserves of even one participating country because the foreign reserves in the US Dollar of all the signatory nations had reached an all-time high. In 1971, the US President Nixon unilaterally canceled his country’s contractual obligation of direct redemption of the US Dollar to gold, known as the Nixon Shock. This move ultimately resulted in the collapse of the Bretton Woods System, thus ending the fixed pricing of gold at USD 35 per ounce.
7. Bull Market: Upward Trend (1971 – 1980)
The aftermath of the collapse: The major consequence of the cessation of the Bretton Woods System was on the price of gold. Gold started trading freely on world markets. On 1st May 1972, the gold price went beyond USD 50 per ounce for the first time. During the first quarter of 1973, the currency markets had to be shut down for 14 days as a measure to contain the situation. Finally, the Bretton Woods System was abandoned and succeeded by a system of free-floating currencies and flexible conversion rates devoid of pegging to gold and US Dollar.
The beginning of gold trade: On 14th May 1973, the price of gold crossed the milestone of USD 100 per ounce. By 14th November 1973, the US government lifted the restrictions on possession of gold by private citizens. In the coming years, many more countries followed suit by allowing its citizens to own and trade in gold. By 1975, the New York Commodities Exchange was established and trading in gold futures began.
Jamaica Accords: These were a set of international agreements reached in 1976 that ratified the abolishment of the Bretton Woods System and amendment of the ‘articles of agreement’ upon which the IMF was founded. With the Jamaica Accords, an agreement was reached regarding the future of the gold standard and international currencies. The International Monetary Fund eliminated the pegging of gold to the US Dollar and recognized managed floating exchange rates. This made currencies fiat money, not redeemable by gold. Theoretically, the money supply is expandable infinitely.
The 1970s witnessed industrialized countries experiencing stagflation, a period of slow economic growth, low productivity, and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rose (inflation). The troubles of the decade were made manifold by the uncertainties in the financial world, the oil crisis, a monumental increase of the US national debt, a huge jump in money supply, and an exodus of investors to material assets. The gold price went up 15-fold during this decade.
On 27th December 1979, the gold price soared to a new high of above USD 500 per ounce. By 21st January 1980, the price of gold stood at USD 873 at the New York Commodities Exchange. The Iran crisis and the occupation attempt of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union were cited as reasons for this surge. This all-time high gold price was the beginning of the end of the bullish trend of the markets. This price was not breached for the next 28 years.
8. Bear Market: Downward Trend (1980 – 2001)
1980 witnessed the beginning of a slump in the international markets. The US treasury, as a market initiative to end the economic stagnation, clamped down on the increase of money supply. The short-term effect of this was a steeper recession and a worsening unemployment rate. However, in the long run, this worked well for the economy, gradually stabilizing it and bringing inflation under control. In the 1990s, the United States experienced an extended economic upturn under President Bill Clinton. The New York Commodities Exchange merged with the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) in 1994. By 1999, the gold rate in London had come down to USD 252.80 per ounce.
In 1982, China allowed its citizens to possess gold. The establishment of the Shanghai Gold Exchange in 2002 led to further expansion in the gold trade, resulting in huge demand for the yellow metal. Earlier, it was mandatory to sell gold to the Chinese Treasury. In just five years, China surpassed the United States in gold trade to become the second-largest buyer of gold, after India.
To bring the price of gold under control by regulating its sales, 15 European nations signed the Central Bank Gold Agreement. This agreement places a cap on the annual sale of gold. The cap was fixed at 400 tonnes per year or 2000 tonnes for five years (CBGA 1 1999 – 2004). The consequent second agreement, CBGA II (2004 – 2009), limited the quantity of annual gold sales to 500 tonnes. The third agreement, CBGA III (2009 – 2014), brought down the limit of annual gold sales to 400 tonnes.
9. Bull Market: Upward Trend (2001 – 2010)
After the low of 1999, the price of gold had a slow recovery. Since 2001, the gold price has gone up at a steady rate. The rise in gold price finds a clear correlation with the steady growth of the US national debt and gradual weakening of the US Dollar against world currencies. The year 2005 witnessed a spike in gold prices, reaching USD 500 per ounce for the first time since 1987.
This trend continued and in just three years, in 2008, the price of gold doubled to USD 1000 per ounce. The already upward curve of the gold price was aided by the financial crisis. The demand for physical gold and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) skyrocketed. In 2010, the gold reserves of the largest Gold ETF, SPDR Gold Trust, went up to a record high of 1320 tonnes. This meant that the gold fund possessed and controlled more gold than the Chinese National Bank.
In 2010, many central banks decided to raise their gold reserves, the prominent among them being the Chinese National Bank, the Reserve Bank of India, and the Central Bank of Russia.
December 2010 witnessed gold price soaring to a record new high of USD 1431.60 per troy ounce. At the same time, the US Dollar slumped to an all-time low. The uncertainties about economic recovery, inflation, and growing national debt-fueled this trend. The decrease in gold production since 2001, rising demand for jewelry and strong interest from institutional investors also were contributing factors driving up the price of gold.
10. The Last Decade (2011 – 2020)
By August 2011, the gold price crossed USD 1900 per ounce. Gold once again became a safe investment option due to mounting US national debt, the financial crisis in Europe, and the looming threat of a new recession. From a price of just above USD 250 per ounce in late 1999 to just over USD 1900 per ounce, gold made a gain of almost 650% and an annual return of more than 18%. The closing gold price crossed USD 1900 per ounce only for a single day before it started a downward slide.
The most pronounced fall in the price of gold happened between October 2012 and July 2013. In a span of nine months, the precious metal lost almost a third of its value. The price drop continued to reach a low of USD 1060 per ounce in January 2016, before bouncing back. By June 2020, the gold price was USD 1751 per ounce.
On August 7, 2020, gold hit a new record of USD 2062.50. The economic uncertainty caused by the COVID19 pandemic was the reason for this sudden jump.
Gold Production through history
When the price of gold was doing a roller-coaster ride in the last 50 years after the abandonment of the fixed-rate Bretton Woods System, gold production saw a steady, at times steep increase. Rough estimates suggest an impressive two-thirds of the gold mined in human history happened after 1950.
Until 2006, South Africa was the largest gold producer in the world, its peak production coming in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After 2006, its declining production, coupled with increasing production by other countries led to South Africa losing the top spot to China. In 2019, China produced 383.2 tonnes of gold, accounting for about 11% of the total world gold production. Russia with 329.5 tonnes and Australia with 325.1 tonnes are not far behind.
World gold production witnessed a steep increase from 2500 tonnes in 2010 to 3300 tonnes in 2019. However, gold production seems to have plateaued since 2016. The main reason is the unavailability of ‘easy gold’. The present gold mines have been almost exhausted, which means for quality gold, miners have to dig deeper. This raises additional hazards and environmental concerns, in addition to the spiraling cost of production.
Humans have always been dazzled by the yellow metal and this trend shows no signs of abating. With the gold finding its use not just in jewelry and stakes so high, the demand for gold will continue to rise, driving its price to never before seen highs. | history |
https://armyofthewhitepeacock.wordpress.com/ | 2018-04-22T21:42:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945660.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422212935-20180422232935-00077.warc.gz | 0.964975 | 506 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__151825028 | en | Makhi has gotten pretty good at speaking English, and Batrie and I have been learning some of her language Anyway, we pieced together some history, and here’s what we’ve got so far:
The Golden Age of Otherworld
Legend tells of a time of great devastation, when the five dominions fought bitterly against each other. At last the great Peacock King united them.
The King appointed his most trusted and loyal supporters as the leaders of each dominion, guiding them to rule according to their truest gifts, strengths, and animal natures. Over time, the people of each dominion, and even the land itself, took on the qualities of their leaders.
The Five Dominions of Otherworld entered a golden age of peace and prosperity, with the leaders of each dominion sending the best and brightest to study in the halls of the great University in the King’s shining city.
How the Peacock King Was Betrayed
But nothing lasts forever. As time passed, one boy grew to believe that people should turn away from their animal natures and should only allow their human sides to grow and develop. He became a teacher at the University, and slowly, he developed a following. In secret, he met with his students, teaching them to turn away from their deepest core, to suppress the wildness that tied them to the land.
Together, this teacher, Shried, and his followers, rose up against the Peacock King and slay him while he slept.
How the Fiver Rulers Came to Leave Otherworld
The King’s closest adviser, the Priestess Arjuna, transformed into her Eagle form and carried the tragic news to the Five Rulers. The Five Rulers rushed from their dominions with their guards, but, unused to battle after so many years of peace, they were quickly defeated by Shried’s secret army.
Fearful that Shried’s army would assassinate the five rulers as well, Arjuna, along with the King’s loyal supporters, convinced the five rulers to retreat to the Forest Realm while Arjuna amassed an army. But as the rulers passed one by one through the portal to the Forest Realm, Arjuna betrayed Jarhu, the Bull, slitting his throat in a final embrace. The other four rulers escaped through the portal to the Forest Realm, a legendary world of mountains, rain, and wind. | history |
https://templumphoenix.ca/when-we-meet/ | 2022-07-01T07:01:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103922377.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701064920-20220701094920-00586.warc.gz | 0.914557 | 485 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__55517922 | en | JUNE 25, 2022 PREVIEW
The eleventh meeting of Templum Phoenix Lodge No.57 will be held on June 25th, 2022 in the quarters of the Masonic Hall, 907 Prospect Street, Fredericton, N.B. commencing at 1:00 pm sharp.
The in-lodge speaker will be Brother Alex DeWare whose topic will be “A New Hope-New Ways of Preserving Old Traditions” Brother DeWare will explore the various avenues open to us that allow for the preservation of our customs and traditions while meeting the needs of the young men who are joining today.
At this meeting we will be embracing technology for the Festive Board presentation, following our meal we will be retiring to the Blue Room where via the Zoom platform Most Worshipful Brother James Jessop will be presenting a talk on The Origins of Prince Hall in the Province of Ontario. Most Worshipful Brother Jessop will take us on a journey from the days of Prince Hall to today’s Prince Hall Freemasonry and the challenges faced along the way.
Most Worshipful Brother Jessop is a past Grand Master of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge, Province of Ontario & Jurisdiction and the current Grand Historian.
The menu for the Festive Board is as follows:
Beet and orange salad with micro greens and crispy Pancetta.
Roasted butternut and maple soup.
Chef Dort will be serving Salmon Confit with tomato concasse, seasonal vegetable and a salsa verde
(The main course will be accompanied by your choice of red or white wine and is included in the cost of the meal.)
Boca Negra, Bourbon chocolate cake with raspberry coulis and vanilla cream
Tickets for the Festive Board are $40.00 (including tax and gratuity) and are available beginning June 5, 2022 and are available on a first come first served basis. Ticket sales will close on June 18th, 2022.
There is a limited number of 17 tickets available for the Festive Board. Payment may be made by e-transfer to [email protected]
If you are a first time visitor please review our guidelines for visitors which is found on our website at templumphoenix.ca | history |
https://www.financialpipeline.com/panama-canal/ | 2023-12-06T07:27:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206063543-20231206093543-00361.warc.gz | 0.979708 | 661 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__15644051 | en | The Panama Canal Company bankruptcy in 1889 was the largest financial scandal of the 19th century and caused the financial ruin of thousands of investors. The bankruptcy led to losses of 1.8 billion gold francs, or more than 11 billion U.S. in today’s dollars. Some 800,000 French citizens saw their entire investment wiped out. Ferdinand de Lesseps had been the French developer charged with designing and overseeing the construction of the Suez Canal. He would be the developer in charge of this canal as well. The fact that de Lesseps knew very little about finance or economics didn’t seem to matter. And the French got on board with his idea to replicate the success of the Suez with a lockless canal in Panama. De Lesseps and his sons established the Panama Canal Company. They raised capital mainly from individual investors based on exaggerated prospects from the press, parliamentarians, government ministers, and banks.
De Lesseps handled the vitally important work of promoting and raising money for the project from private subscriptions himself. His balanced confidence in enthusiasm for the project, as well as a dogged faith in the miracle of technology attracted many stockholders. French citizens eagerly invested because public loans too were backed by the French government. It was a safe investment. In fact, investing in the project was regarded as a sort of patriotic public service. Work on the canal got underway in early 1881. But de Lesseps was not adequately prepared for the harsh conditions in Panama. By 1889, they’d moved 50 million cubic meters of earth at the cost of the lives of 20,000 men. Yet only 11 miles of the 45 mile canal were dug. Nearly 300 million had been spent, and suddenly there was no more money. Shareholders voted to dissolve the company, placing it under legal receivership. The canal remained unfinished and the project was deemed a total failure.
The Canal Company stock became almost worthless overnight, and people were furious. The French government conducted an inquiry on behalf of investors. The scandal implicated numerous individuals and institutions, including de Lesseps, who was accused of fraud. De Lesseps was unable to oversee much of the work in person because of his age. And so the project had fallen into the hands of swindlers. The political class was also heavily implicated. Following the chain of bribes, slush funds and influence peddling proved that numerous legislators were involved in the scandal as well. The public was furious that the very reason for their confidence in this investment, the government backing of the loans was instead a key factor in the scandal itself.
Newspapers, deputies, and senators accepted bribes and duped the little guy making the Panama scandal one of the most notorious financial events of the era. Several parties allegedly received bribes from key company financiers Baron de Reinach and Cornelius Herz. Some of the culprits ended up imprisoned and fined, but de Reinach died before he could even be sentenced. Ferdinand and Charles de Lesseps along with Gustave Eiffel were sentenced to prison terms they never served. And Herz fled to England. In the end, despite the inquiries, the people who bore the brunt of the burden were the thousands of French investors left out in the cold. | history |
https://bookkarate.com/understanding-karates-origins-a-glimpse-into-its-historical-significance/ | 2024-03-05T08:46:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707948223038.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240305060427-20240305090427-00189.warc.gz | 0.946379 | 3,011 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__50663963 | en | As a martial arts enthusiast, I’ve always been fascinated by the rich history and impact of the world’s fighting styles.
One such martial art that has captured my attention is karate, a discipline with deep roots that stretch back to ancient times.
With both physical and philosophical elements, karate has long held an important place in the history of martial arts, and it has evolved dramatically over the years to become the beloved sport and practice it is today.
In order to gain a better understanding of karate’s origins, I dug deep into the historical records and studied the notable figures who have left their mark on this discipline.
Beginning my exploration, I discovered that karate originated in the Ryukyu Islands, present-day Okinawa, and was heavily influenced by indigenous martial arts and Chinese martial arts.
As I continued my journey through time, I learned about the underlying philosophies and technical aspects that formed the foundation of karate.
- Karate’s roots can be found in the Ryukyu Islands and has been influenced by diverse martial arts traditions
- The discipline encompasses both physical techniques and philosophical values
- Throughout its evolution, numerous figures and schools have made significant contributions to karate’s history
Origins of Karate
Influence of China
As a martial arts enthusiast, I find it fascinating that the origins of karate can be traced back to ancient China.
Chinese martial arts, also known as Kung Fu, played a significant role in karate’s development.
Legends suggest that Bodhidharma, an Indian Buddhist monk, introduced martial arts to China.
Kung Fu then spread throughout East Asia, influencing other local martial arts practices.
Evolution in Okinawa
Okinawa, a small island in the Ryukyu Kingdom, now part of modern-day Japan, became a melting pot of martial arts in the region.
Okinawan martial arts, such as Tomari-te, were heavily influenced by Chinese martial arts.
The term “China Hand” was used to describe the connection between Okinawan and Chinese practices.
It is here in Okinawa that karate as we know it today began to take shape. Okinawan masters traveled to China and brought back valuable knowledge, which they incorporated into their own martial arts systems, creating a unique Okinawan karate style.
Spread to Mainland Japan
The spread of karate to mainland Japan is an interesting part of its historical journey. In the early 20th century, many Okinawan karate masters decided to introduce their martial art to the rest of Japan.
Gichin Funakoshi, an Okinawan karate master, was pivotal in this expansion. He established the Shotokan Karate style and opened the first karate dojo in Tokyo.
As karate started gaining popularity in Japan, it adapted to and incorporated elements of Japanese martial arts and culture, resulting in the diverse styles of Japanese karate we see today.
Karate’s global influence is undeniable. After World War II, karate masters from Japan began spreading their teachings across the globe, creating a worldwide interest in this martial art.
The World Karate Federation was established, and through their efforts, karate became an Olympic sport recognized by the International Olympic Committee.
Today, karate is practiced by millions of people from all walks of life, showcasing its cultural and historical significance beyond its origins in China, Okinawa, and Japan.
Philosophy of Karate
The Empty Hand Concept
When I think about the philosophy of karate, the first concept that comes to my mind is the “empty hand.” This term represents the unarmed nature of karate practitioners, highlighting the essence of self-defense and self-improvement.
Karate-do, which refers to the “path of karate,” is not merely about acquiring combat skills but also emphasizes the power of the mind, developing discipline, and building one’s character.
Spiritual and Discipline Aspects
In the dojo, or training hall, the spiritual and discipline aspects of karate become evident. As a practitioner, I must follow the requisites of the dojo, which focus on respect, courtesy, and humility.
These elements not only help in harnessing the power of the spirit but also reflect our connection to the greater power – the mind.
Like in other martial arts, the spiritual elements of karate are pivotal in nurturing discipline, mental strength, and the ability to maintain a calm and composed demeanor, even during challenging moments.
Character building is a cornerstone of the karate philosophy. Everyone who embarks on the path of karate-do soon learns that this journey is not just about physical prowess.
The teachings of karate help shape our character, instill courage, and develop respect for ourselves, other karate practitioners, and our surrounding environment.
Through diligent training, karate ingrains self-control, patience, and perseverance, which are attributes essential for personal growth and functioning as an upright member of society.
Karate’s roots extend deep into Japanese culture. As I delve deeper into its practice, I develop a strong understanding and appreciation of this beautiful tradition.
Karate has evolved to encompass both cultural and personal identity, as it remains an inseparable part of Japanese heritage.
By practicing this martial art, I am also preserving, sharing, and celebrating a small yet significant part of Japan’s unique identity.
Technical Aspects of Karate
In my study of karate, I’ve learned that it is a martial art primarily focused on unarmed combat, using a variety of defense techniques to protect oneself.
The foundation of karate includes basic techniques such as striking, kicking, and punching.
As I practice, I pay close attention to form, timing, and strength when executing these moves.
- Striking: Utilizing hands and arms to deliver powerful blows on an opponent. Examples include the knife hand strike (shuto uchi) and the palm-heel strike (teisho uchi).
- Kicking: Presenting an array of kicks to manipulate an opponent’s balance, inflict damage, or maintain distance. Some kicks I practice are the front snap kick (mae geri) and the roundhouse kick (mawashi geri).
- Punching: Using closed fists to deliver quick and precise strikes to an opponent’s body. Among various punches, the straight punch (seiken chudan tsuki) and the uppercut (jodan tsuki) are commonly practiced.
Types of Practice
During my training, I’ve discovered that karate has various types of practice to enhance one’s skills and overall understanding of the martial art.
These include kihon, kata, and kumite.
- Kihon: Fundamental techniques that form the basis of karate practice. In kihon, I work on improving stances, blocks, punches, and kicks through repeated practice.
- Kata: A series of predetermined movements that combine offense and defense techniques. I enjoy practicing kata as it simulates a choreographed fight, allowing me to apply my skills in a controlled environment.
- Kumite: Sparring with a partner, putting my skills to the test in a dynamic situation. Matches vary from pre-arranged kumite, where specific attacks and defenses are practiced, to free sparring, which closely resembles real-life fighting scenarios.
The Gi and Belts
An essential part of my karate journey is wearing the traditional uniform known as the gi. The gi consists of a white jacket, pants, and a belt that represents my rank in the martial art.
The ranking system uses colored belts, starting from white and progressing through various colors until reaching black.
Dan ranks denote the level of proficiency within the black belt ranks.
As I practice and enhance my skills, I am tested and evaluated by my instructors. Through hard work, dedication, and countless hours of training, I aim to progress through the belts and deepen my understanding of this fascinating martial art.
Notable Figures and Schools in Karate History
Martial Artists and Pioneers
It took me a while to appreciate the significance of these karate pioneers and the significant contributions they made to the development of this martial art.
One of the most famous is Gichin Funakoshi, the founder of Shotokan Karate. He is considered the Okinawan Karate Master who modernized this art form and helped it spread across Japan and the world.
Funakoshi was born in the Ryukyu Kingdom, now known as Okinawa, and revitalized the discipline by introducing it to the Japanese martial arts community.
Another prominent figure in early karate development was the mysterious figure Bodhidharma, who some people believe brought martial arts to China from India.
His teachings later got mixed with native Chinese martial arts, influencing their development in the region.
Development of Different Forms
Through the years, I’ve learned how karate has evolved into different forms, each with its unique style and characteristics.
The origins of karate can be traced back to the Ryukyu Islands, where Okinawan martial artists developed a unique fighting style.
These early fighters incorporated elements from native Okinawan arts as well as Chinese martial arts, making a distinct and effective way of self-defense.
In the early 20th century, the influence of Japanese martial arts, such as Judo and Jujutsu, led to the fusion of various techniques and the development of more standardized karate styles.
For instance, Shotokan was created by Gichin Funakoshi with an emphasis on posture, stances, and powerful linear techniques.
Another major style is Kyokushin, which was developed by Masutatsu Oyama and is renowned for its intense training, rigorous conditioning, and full-contact sparring.
Karate has also made its way into the world of sports. Today, many karateka (karate practitioners) compete in highly regulated competitions.
While some focus on kata (forms), others compete in kumite (sparring) – these competitors showcase their techniques, strength, and skill in an environment that emphasizes discipline, respect, and sportsmanship.
In conclusion, understanding the origins and historical significance of karate has only deepened my appreciation for this martial art.
From its humble beginnings in the Ryukyu Islands to its widespread influence around the world, the history of karate is rich with notable figures and various forms that continue to contribute to its growth and evolution.
Frequently Asked Questions
How did karate evolve over time?
Karate has a rich history that dates back to ancient China. Over time, it spread to Okinawa, where it further developed and evolved into what we know as modern karate.
The evolution of karate can be observed through the different styles, techniques, and forms that have emerged over the years.
As karate spread from Okinawa to mainland Japan and eventually around the world, it continued to grow and adapt to the unique local cultures and martial arts philosophies.
What are the main styles of karate?
There are numerous styles of karate, each with its own unique techniques, forms, and philosophies.
Some of the most well-known styles include:
- Shotokan: A popular style founded by Gichin Funakoshi, emphasizing long stances and powerful strikes.
- Goju-ryu: A style that combines hard and soft techniques, founded by Chojun Miyagi.
- Shito-ryu: Created by Kenwa Mabuni, this style is known for its fast and powerful techniques.
- Wado-ryu: A style that focuses on fluidity and body movement, developed by Hironori Otsuka.
How is karate different from other martial arts like Kung Fu or Taekwondo?
While there are similarities between karate, Kung Fu, and Taekwondo – such as the use of kicks, punches, and strikes – there are also key differences.
Karate has its roots in Chinese martial arts but has evolved to incorporate elements of Okinawan and Japanese martial arts traditions.
Kung Fu originates from China and often emphasizes fluid, circular movements, while Taekwondo hails from Korea and is known for its high-flying kicks and acrobatic techniques.
Each martial art has its own unique techniques, forms, and philosophies, which set them apart from one another.
What role has Okinawa played in the development of karate?
Okinawa, a chain of islands in southern Japan, played a significant role in the development of karate.
As a melting pot of Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous cultures, Okinawa was an ideal environment for the growth and development of martial arts.
It was here that ancient Chinese martial arts were combined with traditional Okinawan fighting techniques, laying the foundation for what would become modern karate.
The unique history and culture of Okinawa have greatly influenced the techniques, forms, and philosophies that define karate today.
How has karate influenced Japanese culture and history?
Karate has made a lasting impact on Japanese culture and history.
As a martial art that emphasizes self-discipline, respect, and self-improvement, karate has become an important part of Japanese cultural identity.
Karate has also played a role in the development of Japan’s modern martial arts infrastructure, with numerous dojos and organizations spreading throughout the country.
The historical and cultural significance of karate is evident in its widespread popularity not only in Japan but also around the world.
Who are some key figures in the history of karate?
There have been many influential figures in the history of karate, each contributing to its development and growth.
Here are just a few:
- Gichin Funakoshi: Known as the father of modern karate, Funakoshi introduced karate to mainland Japan and founded the Shotokan style.
- Chojun Miyagi: The founder of Goju-ryu, Miyagi expanded upon the traditional techniques of Okinawan karate to develop his own unique style.
- Kenwa Mabuni: Mabuni is known for creating the Shito-ryu style, which combines elements of both Shuri-te and Naha-te, two major Okinawan martial arts traditions.
- Hironori Otsuka: The founder of Wado-ryu, Otsuka played a pivotal role in the development and popularization of karate in Japan. | history |
http://www.pilipino-express.com/history-a-culture/it-s-all-history.html?start=58 | 2024-04-22T13:01:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818293.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422113340-20240422143340-00643.warc.gz | 0.985232 | 1,209 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__50855995 | en | Memory and the meaning of history
By Jon Malek
An historian once wrote that history is often re-written because every generation has new questions and interpretations of the past.
On the island of Mactan, across from Cebu City, is a monument marking the encounter between Ferdinand Magellan and Lapu-Lapu. The date of this encounter, 27 April 1521, is agreed upon, however the meaning of this event has changed over time. In 1941, during the period of American administration, a plaque was placed that read, “On this spot Ferdinand Magellan died on April 27, 1521, wounded in an encounter with the soldiers of Lapulapu, chief of Mactan Island.” The plaque also notes that a ship from Magellan’s fleet went on to be the first to sail around the earth. Ten years later another plaque was placed stating that “Here on 27 April 1521, Lapulapu and his men repulsed the Spanish invaders, killing their leader, Ferdinand Magellan. Thus Lapulapu became the first Filipino to have repelled the European aggression.”
These are two very different interpretations of the same event, one celebrating Magellan and the other celebrating Lapu-Lapu. The first, from 1941, does not refer to the event as a battle, but rather an “encounter.” It also refers to a major event in European history, the first time a European had sailed around the world. Thus, the larger importance of this “encounter” is about European expansion and exploration. The second plaque, however, refers to the Spanish as invaders and calls Lapu-Lapu the first Filipino who fought against European intruders. The event, now remembered as a repulsion of European invasion, is placed in relation to the Philippines and the development of Filipino nationalism. It also refers to the dark forces of imperialism and colonialism, which Lapu-Lapu is praised as battling against.
Nick Joaquin, a Filipino historian, questioned in 1979 how Lapu-Lapu would react to the interpretation that he was a Filipino hero, a word that he would not have known because it did not exist when he was alive. It is well known that the Philippines was named in honour of King Philip II of Spain, and that until the late 19th century the term ‘Filipino’ did not refer to those native to the islands. Previously, the Spanish had referred to them as either indios (those native to the land) or mestizos (those whose parents were Spanish and Filipino). Yet, even though Lapu-Lapu would not have called himself a Filipino, most histories accept him as a Filipino.
What the Lapu-Lapu memorial on Mactan Island suggests is that history is more than a collection of dates, events, names, and places. It is also about the meaning societies give to those “facts.” How Lapu-Lapu is remembered – as the one who killed the man who would have been the first to sail around the world, or as the one who was the first to defend what would become the Philippines – depends on who is telling the story. The first plaque had been placed in 1941, before the Pacific War and during American colonial rule. Those in power would want to avoid celebrations of Filipino resistance to foreigners such as Magellan, because it would remind the people of the American imperial presence. But in 1951, just years after the defeat of the Japanese occupation and the end of American administration, the Filipinos were in charge of their memory and Lapu-Lapu was celebrated as the first anti-colonial hero by the new Filipino republic.
History and memory can show what a society values, and this is why history can change. How Lapu-Lapu is remembered today is different than it would have been in 1521, because today he is seen as one of many Filipino freedom fighters – how could he have known that the Spanish would control much of the Philippines until 1898, and that his was one of the first attempts at resistance? Or that the United States would occupy the islands for almost fifty years, except for the brief period of time that the Japanese occupied the territory? These things are well known today, and this affects how Filipinos remember Lapu-Lapu’s resistance.
The same goes for our own memories as individuals. Hindsight, being able to see what has happened, affects our memories. Things we have done in the past, such as deciding to move or to change jobs, can have both good and bad results that continue to affect our lives today. Many Filipinos living in Winnipeg, for example, have a shared experience of leaving the Philippines to live in Canada, either temporarily or permanently. To some, leaving was painful and hard for obvious reasons. To some, it was an opportunity for their families to have a better life. To some, it has meant being reunited with family in Canada. For most, though, it means many things at once and those who have immigrated to Canada might remember it very differently depending on their experiences and the meaning they give them. The memories we have of our past actions and decisions may change as time goes on, and the stories we tell will change depending on what we believe is important. As we continue to experience life, we will continue to rewrite our histories as individuals and as societies to answer new questions and to give new meaning.
Jon Malek is a PhD candidate in History at Western University, and an alumnus of the University of Manitoba (B.A., M.A. in History). As part of his research project on the history of Filipinos in Winnipeg, Jon would be happy to talk to members of the community about their life experiences. He can be contacted at [email protected]. | history |
https://lorinotes.wordpress.com/2019/06/26/happy-500th/ | 2020-04-04T19:47:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370524604.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404165658-20200404195658-00340.warc.gz | 0.959398 | 403 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__19699888 | en | This post is my 500th—whether you’ve been with me from the beginning, or just happened upon this blog recently, I’m glad you’re here!
Five hundred posts ago, I was working on writing down some thoughts about our recent move to Spain, and the various things I was learning. I wrote on new routines, different kinds of differences, Y’all, and My Escort. And I did my first series on Las Fallas (a summary with links can be found here).
It feels like I’ve covered a lot of territory since then. My posting schedule was more fluid in the early months, but these days, at two posts a week, it takes me just under a year to get from milestone to milestone. Taken in a broader context, that’s not very much time at all.
So I asked myself, what was going on five hundred years ago?*
For one thing, Ferdinand Magellan organized the Spanish expedition bound for the Spice Islands:
Titian began a painting called Madona di Ca’Pesaro:
and Leonardo da Vinci died in Amboise, France.
Five years is a tiny time span in comparison, but it’s always interesting for me to look back. In my milestone posts I include links to highlight a few of the posts from the last hundred. Here’s the roundup since my 400th post:
That’s a quick tour of some of the things that I took notes on over the past year. If you have a favorite post of mine from the last year or so, I’d love to hear about it. And here are earlier milestone roundups: 400, 300, 200, 100.
*Worldhistoryproject.org is helpful in providing a window on earlier times.
[Images: news.sap.com, worldhistoryproject x 3; see original posts for their image credits] | history |
https://www.pencilme.fun/free-printable-halloween-coloring-pages/ | 2023-12-05T21:27:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100568.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205204654-20231205234654-00068.warc.gz | 0.917528 | 212 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__1241825 | en | Halloween coloring pages feature a captivating array of black and white illustrations centered around one of the oldest celebrations in human history. As autumn descends after the harvest season, communities gathered for a festivity marking the culmination of their field work. An ancient belief held that during this time, the boundary between the human realm and the spirit world grew thin.
To ward off malevolent forces, people fashioned terrifying costumes, creating a barrier against the intrusion of evil spirits. Over time, the iconic pumpkin with its glowing eyes emerged as the holiday’s hallmark. Today, Halloween sees both young and old donning costumes, reveling in festivities, playing pranks on friends, and trick-or-treating from door to door to collect candies. In this section, children will discover an assortment of Halloween-themed elements: bats, cats, witches, ghosts, pointed hats, and broomsticks. We’ve curated a diverse selection of Halloween coloring pages, all available for free download or printing, capturing the essence of this ancient and spirited holiday. | history |
https://white-buffalo.us/the-evolution-of-tattoos-changing-public-perception-over-the-years/ | 2024-04-12T11:16:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296815919.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412101354-20240412131354-00553.warc.gz | 0.962664 | 746 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__108719238 | en | Tattoos have a rich and diverse history that dates back thousands of years, across different cultures and societies. While tattoos have been a form of self-expression and artistry for centuries, the public perception of tattoos has undergone significant changes over the years. What was once associated with rebellion, subculture, and even stigma has evolved into a widely accepted and celebrated form of self-expression in the 21st century. In this article, we will explore the changing public perception of tattoos and the factors that have contributed to this transformation.
The Stigma of Tattoos
Historically, tattoos were often seen as a mark of rebellion and deviance from societal norms. In many Western societies, tattoos were associated with sailors, prisoners, and biker gangs, reinforcing the perception that tattooed individuals were outsiders or troublemakers. This stigma persisted for decades, making it difficult for individuals with tattoos to find acceptance in certain professional settings and even within their own families.
The Rise of Tattoo Subculture
Throughout the 20th century, tattoos began to gain a foothold in popular culture, thanks in part to prominent figures like musicians, actors, and athletes who proudly displayed their ink. The punk and rock subcultures of the 1970s and 1980s played a significant role in further popularizing tattoos as a form of self-expression and rebellion. Tattoo parlors and studios began to flourish, offering a safe and artistic space for individuals to get inked.
Television and movies also contributed to the changing perception of tattoos. Iconic characters like the heavily tattooed Max Rockatansky in the “Mad Max” film series and the enigmatic Jack Sparrow in “Pirates of the Caribbean” showcased tattoos as symbols of adventure and individualism.
Tattoos as Artistic Expression
In recent years, tattoos have emerged as a respected and celebrated form of art. Tattoo artists are now seen as skilled professionals, and their work is frequently displayed in galleries and exhibitions. With advancements in tattoo technology and techniques, the level of detail and intricacy that can be achieved in tattoos has reached new heights. This evolution has led to a redefinition of tattoos as a legitimate art form.
Celebrities, including actors, musicians, and athletes, have continued to influence the public perception of tattoos. Many public figures now openly flaunt their tattoos, normalizing the practice and reinforcing the idea that ink can be a beautiful and meaningful form of self-expression.
Changing Attitudes in the Workplace
One of the most significant shifts in public perception has occurred in the workplace. In the past, visible tattoos were often seen as unprofessional and could limit career opportunities. However, many modern workplaces have become more accepting of tattoos, recognizing that they do not define a person’s abilities or qualifications. Some companies have even embraced tattoos as a way to showcase diversity and individuality among their employees.
Tattoo acceptance policies now vary widely across industries and organizations. While some professions, such as healthcare and finance, may still have strict guidelines regarding visible tattoos, others have adopted more inclusive attitudes, allowing employees to display their ink without fear of discrimination.
The changing public perception of tattoos over the years is a testament to the evolving nature of societal norms and cultural attitudes. What was once considered rebellious and stigmatized has transformed into a widely accepted and celebrated form of self-expression and artistry. Tattoos have transcended their historical associations with subcultures and deviance to become a mainstream and respected aspect of contemporary culture. As we continue into the 21st century, it’s likely that tattoos will continue to evolve and play an even more significant role in shaping our cultural landscape. | history |
http://www.24carrotdiet.com/canadian-thanksgiving/ | 2018-12-11T23:51:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823705.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20181211215732-20181212001232-00617.warc.gz | 0.965627 | 2,182 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__201578347 | en | Thanksgiving is a uniquely North American holiday. While there is a long tradition of celebrating and giving thanks for the harvest on both sides of the Atlantic, the whole “turkey and trimmings, pilgrims on the Mayflower” theme of the holiday sets our Thanksgiving apart. Growing up, we were taught to think on this holiday as a time of cooperation between the European settlers and the First Nations who inhabited the continent long before the Age of Exploration.
The first yearly Thanksgiving celebrations after Confederation date back to November 6, 1879 – though the holiday as we know it today actually began in the Province of Canada in 1859. The roots of the holiday run much deeper, to European harvest festivals and First Nations celebrations of thanksgiving. (The Haudenosaunee, in whose traditional territory I was raised, celebrated thirteen different Thanksgiving festivals. Some of these lasted several days at a stretch, like the Midwinter Ceremony around the time of the January new moon: it went on for nine days.)
And although Canadians are very familiar with the lore of the Mayflower and the first Thanksgiving at Plymouth Rock in 1621, we look back to even earlier celebrations associated with explorers like Champlain and Frobisher. You could say that although our official celebrations began in the 19th century, the Thanksgiving tradition in Canada may be rooted in the 17th or even the 16th century.
What Day Does Thanksgiving Fall On?
While our American neighbours celebrate Thanksgiving between Halloween and Christmas, Canadian Thanksgiving is celebrated much earlier, on the second Monday in the month of October. Thanksgiving has been fixed on this day since 1957, though the holiday had been celebrated in Canada for hundreds of years before that. This timing coincides with the (controversial) holiday of Columbus Day in the United States.
Thanksgiving is a national holiday in Canada. It is a statutory (paid) holiday in all provinces and territories except the Atlantic provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador.
Canadian Thanksgiving Food Traditions
A traditional Canadian Thanksgiving dinner is pretty similar to an American one. Turkey is usually the main dish on the Thanksgiving menu. The sides include gravy and stuffing (or dressing, as we called it growing up) as well as cranberries, mashed potatoes, sweet potatoes, and other trimmings a family enjoys. I know some people absolutely must eat Brussels sprouts with their turkey dinner, but I’m not aware of it being a particular tradition in Canada. We usually do glazed carrots and maybe a green salad. Mom likes to make broccoli salads these days, and they are very popular with the kids.
The stuffing is usually made with a wheat-based bread and not a cornbread stuffing as is more common south of the border. My mother always made her turkey dressing from the turkey giblets – the turkey liver, to be more precise. She’d chop the liver up into small bits and pan fry it with some onion and celery. The stuffing was made with cubed slices of white bread and seasoned with sage.
Also, we don’t tend to do the candied yam thing here in Canada. And we definitely never got the memo about putting marshmallows on top of sweet potato casserole. Most folks here just bake them and serve them like normal baked potatoes. And it turns out, preparing them this way also boosts their vitamin C content. That’s a huge plus in my book!
In some parts of Canada, a boiled dinner is preferred to a turkey. In Newfoundland, this meal is also known as Jiggs’ dinner. It consists of corned beef or some other salted beef or pork, boiled with cabbage and root vegetables such as turnips, parsnips, potatoes, and carrots. You may also find Canadians who like to serve a Thanksgiving ham.
Pumpkin pies are often on the menu for dessert, but you might also find apple pie since apples are in season around this time. Sweet potato pie is not something you would find on too many Canadian tables. But you might find butter tarts, a traditional Canadian dessert. In British Columbia, Nanaimo bars are popular; in Quebecois you might find sucre à la crème or a tarte au sucre!
The turkey is probably the most popular Thanksgiving symbol in Canada, though we are also seeing a lot more squash and pumpkins now. This may be due to more people eating squash as a regular part of our diet these days. Back in the 70s, I think most of us treated them the same way we did pumpkins: as decor.
The cornucopia, or horn of plenty, is another symbol that all Canadian children used to be taught around Thanksgiving. The horn is filled with vegetables, fruits and nuts that remind us of the abundance of the harvest.
Another symbol we learned to associate with Thanksgiving at an early age is “Indian” corn, otherwise known as flint corn, or sometimes calico corn because of its mottled colouring. Its botanical name is Zea mays var. indurata, a reference to the hard outer layer that protects the soft part inside the kernels. Flint corn is dried and used to make flour, cornmeal, and hominy. We grew up thinking of this corn as a decoration, as we often saw it hung on doors or added to a table centrepiece but we never saw anyone cooking with it. But the First Nations peoples who lived in North America before our European ancestors knew this corn well and grew it for eating.
What Canadian Kids Learned About Thanksgiving
Growing up in Canada in the 70s, we learned about Thanksgiving pretty much the same way that American schoolchildren did. We learned about the pilgrims and the Mayflower, and how the “Indians” (we now call them First Nations or Indigenous peoples) shared their harvest feast with the European settlers on the very first Thanksgiving.
The American Thanksgiving story had migrated north with the Loyalists around the time of the American Revolution and it became part of our culture too, as did many of the foods we now associate with the holiday, like turkey and pumpkin pie (neither of which was probably eaten at the first Thanksgiving meal.)
The Very First Thanksgiving
While Canadian children have been taught the American Thanksgiving story, Canada has contributed some very different chapters to the Thanksgiving story. In part, those contributions relate to just when the very first Thanksgiving took place.
Some people say the first Thanksgiving celebration in North America was not the Plymouth Rock feasts of 1621, but rather Martin Frobisher’s celebration on Baffin island (in what is now the territory of Nunavut) in 1578. This celebration of thanksgiving, more than 40 years before the Mayflower landed in North America, doesn’t seem to have included any Indigenous people. Being that the occasion was one of giving thanks for surviving the rough seas – not for a bountiful harvest – it’s difficult to fit this story into the Thanksgiving narrative. While some Canadian writers have tried, these claims have been criticized.
In 1606, Samuel de Champlain founded l‘Ordre de Bon Temps (“The Order of Good Cheer”) to help keep spirits up in the Habitation at Port-Royal. The French settlers were shocked by the severity of Canadian winters and many had died of scurvy during the previous winter. The Order of Good Cheer was instituted in an effort to boost morale and provide nutritious meals that would keep the settlers healthy throughout the harsh winter months. Champlain’s guests to the bi-weekly dinners included the colony’s elite and members of the Mi’kmaq community. Foods served at the feasts were supplied by French settlers who took turns hunting and trading with their Aboriginal neighbours. The dishes included some foods that were familiar to the Europeans and others that were introduced to them by the First Nations people with whom they interacted.
Because of this festive atmosphere and the cooperation between Europeans and Indigenous people, Champlain’s feasts are also sometimes put forth as a possible origin of Thanksgiving in Canada. While this assertion is also criticized, l‘Ordre de Bon Temps does set a precedent for amicable relations and shared meals between the Europeans and the First Nations with whom they traded.
Canada’s Early Official Thanksgiving Celebrations
Whether we accept or reject the Frobisher and Champlain celebrations as an authentic part of Thanksgiving history in Canada, there is still more to tell. Canada held official Thanksgiving celebrations at various times to give thanks for the end of a war or the survival of a royal heir who had been gravely ill. And beginning in 1859, Protestant clergy members in Canada were petitioning the government to hold official Thanksgiving celebrations of a distinctly nationalistic flavour.
Thanksgiving in Canada was, in part, a reaction to the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species – a book that shocked the world and challenged the creation story of the Bible. A day of prayer that pointed to the abundant harvest as proof that God exists was their way to address the crisis of faith Darwin had stirred up. Thanksgiving promoted a Protestant, English-speaking Canada in a time of conflicting interests from both America and the conquered people of New France.
Over time, Thanksgiving has lost its religious and nationalistic flavour. Apparently, the railways played a role in the secularization of Thanksgiving, marketing the holiday as a time to travel to family gatherings during the early 20th century. Right into the 21st century, Thanksgiving has retained that focus on the family and on taking time away from work for a relaxing break. Unlike our American neighbours, we don’t see it as a time for shopping. If anything, many businesses and stores are closed for the day. And then everyone is back to work on the Tuesday!
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Original content ©2014-2017 Kyla Matton Osborne, aka #RubyWriter
Note: This is an updated edition of an article first published on Bubblews
This article was published on my food blog, 24 Carrot Diet. If you are reading this content anywhere else, it has probably been stolen. Please report it to me so I can address any copyright infringements. Thank you! | history |
https://pathayes.net/milwaukee | 2021-01-20T16:49:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703521139.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20210120151257-20210120181257-00043.warc.gz | 0.980424 | 264 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__134128383 | en | The spelling "Milwaukie" lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted.
Milwaukee has three "founding fathers": Solomon Juneau, Byron Kilbourn, and George H. Walker. Solomon Juneau was the first of the three to come to the area, in 1818. He was not the first European settler (Alexis Laframboise settled a trading post in 1785) but founded a town called Juneau's Side, or Juneautown, that began attracting more settlers. In competition with Juneau, Byron Kilbourn established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side. This accounts for the large number of angled bridges that still exist in Milwaukee today. Further, Kilbourn distributed maps of the area which only showed Kilbourntown, implying Juneautown did not exist or the river's east side was uninhabited and thus undesirable. The third prominent builder was George H. Walker. He claimed land to the south of the Milwaukee River, along with Juneautown, where he built a log house in 1834. This area grew and became known as Walker's Point | history |
http://topsidemarine.com/about-us-2/ | 2022-08-16T00:08:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00621.warc.gz | 0.980621 | 366 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__112127260 | en | From the Driveway to a Dream
Jim Jones established Topside Marine in late 1989 when the auto mechanics of the local Automotive Union went on strike. He made the decision not to return to work at the auto dealership. As side work, Jim had been working on ski boats from his garage in the driveway of his home for years and had a growing customer base.
When his driveway became too small, Jim leased a 2,400 square foot shop in 2001. After four years, a continual increase of customers made it necessary to move to a larger shop in 2005. This 4,000 square foot shop provided much needed space for a parts department and larger service area. Jim dreamed of expanding to include boat storage, as well. For the first time, Jim was able to store a few boats during the winter months. Because of the demand for service, Jim once again found that he needed a larger shop and storage facility.
In late 2009, Jim leased a 23,000 square foot facility with two large buildings on a main thoroughfare in North San Jose. The one building was dedicated for storage while the other is the service center. Since 2010, the building and the outside storage areas have been and remain fully rented. Topside marine has had a waiting list for storage ever since.
We have many loyal customers – many who have been bringing their boats to Jim’s ‘garage’ since the 1980’s. Today, their kids now bring their family boats to us, as well. Topside Marine has grown continually through our customer referrals. Topside Marine’s mantra of providing the very best customer service and craftsmanship has resulted in a reputation second to none. In providing both service and storage, Topside Marine is the “one-stop boat service center.” | history |
http://www.sparknz.co.nz/about/about-spark/Heritage/ | 2018-07-19T01:41:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590443.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719012155-20180719032155-00078.warc.gz | 0.969339 | 374 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__170349784 | en | New Zealanders have always loved being connected. New Zealand was the first in the world to pass legislation to protect its 'wireless telegraphy' stations in 1903, and the first country in the Pacific to connect to the internet. By 1939, New Zealand had more phones per capita than anywhere but the USA and today, 70% of New Zealanders have a smartphone.
The New Zealand Post Office had been operating for nearly a century and was struggling to service a growing nation thirsty for the latest technology and connectivity when Spark (then called Telecom) was born. On March 31, 1987, the Post Office was replaced by three state-owned enterprises, one of which was Telecom. That year, Telecom launched New Zealand's first mobile phone network.
Two years later, New Zealand got its first internet connection, the telecommunications market was deregulated and in 1990, Telecom was sold for NZ$4.2b in what was then New Zealand's biggest deal. Soon after, it listed on the New Zealand, Australian and New York stock exchanges. In the 90s, calling cards, 0800 and 0900 numbers, voicemail and telebanking were introduced, toll calls became much cheaper, and Telecom launched its first ISP, Xtra.
As we ushered in a new millennium -- surviving the dreaded Y2K bug intact -- Telecom celebrated its millionth mobile customer. Next, it acquired Gen-i (now Spark Digital), greatly expanding its ICT capabilities, and in 2004 launched New Zealand's first 3G mobile network.
Changes to New Zealand's legislation in 2006 saw Telecom reorganize itself into separate retail, wholesale and network operations. Then on August 8, 2014, CEO Simon Moutter heralded Telecom's continuing evolution into a truly transformative provider of digital services like communications, entertainment and cloud computing by rebranding Telecom as Spark New Zealand. | history |
https://www.brooklynhotel-nyc.com/museums-and-theatres.htm | 2024-03-03T22:48:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476399.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303210414-20240304000414-00807.warc.gz | 0.913109 | 544 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__8091009 | en | Discover NYC Museums & Theaters near Our Hotel
From botanic gardens and art museums to historic churches and theaters, NYC has it all. Check out a few of our favorite spots below or ask our staff to point you in the right direction.
Brooklyn Botanic Garden (0.8 miles)
Brooklyn Botanic Garden features a 52 acre garden and holds over 14,000 taxa of plants. Discover a "Garden within the Garden" and venture the numerous specialty collections and conservatories. It includes the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.
Brooklyn Museum (1.2 miles)
New York City’s third largest museum, the Brooklyn Museum features an art collection of approximately 1.5 million works. Significant parts of their collection include African, Oceanic and Japanese art and antiquities, specifically their collection of Egyptian pieces spanning over 3,000 years. American art is also heavily represented, starting with Colonial period art.
New York Transit Museum (2.4 miles)
When you think of New York, taxi cabs and subways always come to mind. Learn about the history of mass transportation at the New York Transit Museum, which displays historical artifacts of the NYC subway, bus, commuter rail and bridge and tunnel systems. During your visit, you can board vintage cars, sit at the wheel of a city bus, step through a “time tunnel” of turnstiles and discover the extraordinary engineering feats that made it all possible.
Kings Theatre (2.8 miles)
Kings Theatre is the cornerstone of the Flatbush community and a major fixture to Brooklyn’s vibrant cultural landscape. Inspired by the French Renaissance Revival style of the Palace of Versailles and the Paris Opera House, this classic 20th-Century movie palace features high-curved ceilings, ornate plaster walls, pink marble and a glazed terra cotta ornamental façade. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2012.
Kings Theatre hosts all sorts of events and performances. Check out their event calendar to see what shows are on during your stay.
Additional Museums, Theaters & Cultural Attractions
- Brooklyn Children's Museum, 0.6 mile
- Brooklyn Public Library, 1.6 miles
- BAM Harvey Theater, 1.7 miles
- Music Hall of Williamsburg, 3.3 miles
- New York Aquarium, 9.2 miles
- New York Hall of Science, 11.7 miles | history |
https://asftr.wordpress.com/tag/sustainability/ | 2018-07-17T17:29:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589757.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717164437-20180717184437-00036.warc.gz | 0.960708 | 675 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__44588408 | en | When most people think of the “Back to the Land” movement, the image that generally comes to mind is of hippies retreating to rural communes in the early 1970s. However, in her new book entitled Back to the Land: The Enduring Dream of Self-Sufficiency in Modern America, Dona Brown effectively shows how those back-to-the-landers were simply the latest manifestation of a very old American cultural tradition. As she powerfully demonstrates, the impulse to return to the land can be traced to the era when Americans first began to leave it for life in industrial cities.
A professor of history at the University of Vermont, Dr. Brown buttresses her narrative with numerous examples drawn from her extensive knowledge of the primary sources, beginning with the very first back to the land book. Published in response to the economic crisis of 1857, Ten Acres is Enough initiated a pattern that would continue for more than a century. In moments of crisis when unemployment became rife in the cities, many people came to see owning a farm as a powerful buffer against the vagaries of the market economy (in particular, the movement seems to have appealed to the higher echelons of blue collar workers and the lower middle class). In the time from the panic of 1893 to the First World War, the back to the land impulse became an actual movement, with powerful backers, several magazines, and an extensive number of published books.
The War and the prosperity of the 1920s moderated the movement’s goals and vision, but its radical side reemerged with a vengeance in the 1930s, when some aspects of it were incorporated into the New Deal. Partially in response to that institutionalization, a decentralist, alternative back to the land movement, which was very suspicious of the central government, also emerged during this period, centering in Vermont. This, in turn, laid the groundwork for Vermont to be one of the main stops for the subsequent generation’s own back to the landers.
Outlining in great detail the projects and personalities that characterized the back to the land movement over the course of the past century and a half, Dr. Brown’s book is not only a rich source of information about the past, but also casts many of the projects of the present in a new light. As her work demonstrates, things like food sovereignty and the local food movement exist are not wholly new developments, but descend from a long and venerable lineage. Even Vermont secession, which most contemporary advocates trace back to Frank Bryan’s work in the late 1980s, is shown to have reared its head in previous iterations (Vrest Orton, the founder of the still extant Vermont Country Store, was advocating a second Vermont republic as early as 1928). As such, this book is not only of great interest to those with an affinity for the history of social movements or of Vermont, but it is also essential reading for anyone involved in contemporary projects inspired by the back to the land spirit. Understanding the motivations and experiences of one’s intellectual ancestors is essential to fully comprehending the meaning of one’s own work, and Dr. Brown’s book is the best tool I’ve encountered for cultivating that consciousness. Do yourself a favor and pick up a copy of Back to the Land! | history |
https://ciaron.wordpress.com/2008/07/31/ploughshares-retrieve-us-million-hammer-from-shannon-gardai-in-ireland/ | 2017-04-25T14:45:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120461.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00504-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.959129 | 267 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__141098862 | en | A collection of hammers and other objects that were used to disable a US Navy plane in 2003 were turned over by Shannon gardai to one of the activists who carried out the action.
Veteran anti-war resister Ciaron O’Reilly held a press conference outside Shannon Airport Wednesday July 24th., following the return of hammers used to disable a U.S. Navy war plane at the airport in Feb 03. He brought the hammers and other returned property to the press conference.
O’Reilly was one of the Pitstop Ploughshares group, who along with Deirdre Clancy, Nuin Dunlop, Karen Fallon and Damien Moran were charged with $US 2.5 million criminal damage to a U.S. Navy war plane at Shannon in the build up to the invasion of Iraq. The group were intially imprisoned on remand in Limerick before being put on trial three times at Dublin’s Four Courts. They were eventually acquitted unanimously by a jury at the Four Courts in August 2006. The groups action is the subject of Dublin journalist’s Harry Browne’s forthcoming book “Hammered by the Irish – How the Pitstop Plougshares Disarmed a U.S. War Plane with Ireland’s Blessing!”. | history |
https://www.heartbeatpercussion.com/artist/ray-ayotte/ | 2020-10-19T15:26:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107863364.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20201019145901-20201019175901-00612.warc.gz | 0.979388 | 157 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__174450320 | en | Ray is a good friend of Heartbeat. In 1972, Ray was selling percussion products from his Drums Only store in Vancouver, B.C. In the early 1980s Ray started building his own drum kits under the “Ayotte” brand. In the late 1990’s Ray left the company and joined up with Taye Drums from Taiwan for distribution in Canada and contributing to designing of new products. Then in the 2011 Ray started producing his own drum products under the “Raya” name.
Ray not only plays drums regularly in the Vancouver area, but often handles percussion duties, going back to the ’70s recording with artists such as Heart and Trooper through the years today where you might catch him with The Authentics or other bands. | history |
http://i-sky.net/about/yogi-bhajan | 2020-01-23T12:08:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250610004.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123101110-20200123130110-00251.warc.gz | 0.973307 | 617 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__244689789 | en | It was Yogi Bhajan's stated mission to "create teachers not collect students" that led to Guru Dharam initiating the first Kundalini Yoga Instructors course in the UK in 1995 which developed into i-SKY.
Yogi Bhajan passed on 6 October 2004 but his mission continues to thrive. His teachings are now more accessible than ever both through certified teachers and through the searchable Library of Teachings.
History will remember Yogi Bhajan as the person who gave authentic Kundalini yoga to the modern world, breaking the centuries old code of secrecy and elitism, which had previously shrouded this practice.
When Yogi Bhajan came to the West in 1969 he clearly stated his intention; ‘I have come to create teachers not to gather disciples’. He created thousands of teachers since then who are at the heart of an international community called 3HO, the Healthy Happy Holy Organization, which supports, practices and spreads the teachings.
Yogi Bhajan was born Harbhajan Singh Puri on August 26th 1929 in India. His spiritual tutelage began formally at 7 years and at the age of 16 and a half his teacher Sant Hazara Singh pronounced him a Master of Yoga.
At the age of 18 he led 1000 people through the turmoil of the partition of India to safety in Delhi after their village became part of Pakistan.
He married Bibi Inderjit Kaur in 1953 and fathered three children.
He received a Masters degree in Economics from the Punjab University where he excelled both in the debating chamber and on the athletics field. He established a successful career, serving in the Tax and Customs Division of the Indian Government before travelling to the West in 1968. He received a PhD in the Psychology of Communication in 1980 from the University of Humanistic Studies in San Francisco.
Although recognised as a seer, a sage, a healer, a philosopher and a religious leader, Yogi Bhajan is remembered primarily as a spiritual teacher with a global constituency.
He held, independently and concurrently, three major spiritual offices: as Director of Spiritual Education of 3HO; as the Siri Singh Sahib - invited by the leaders of his own faith to become the Chief Religious and Administrative Authority for Sikh Dharma in the Western Hemisphere in 1971; and by a wider constituency as the Mahan Tantric - establishing and directing the practice of White Tantric Yoga around the world.
Yogi Bhajan was lauded and lambasted. He found and lost fame and fortune. As a yogi he knew the pair of opposites and chose neither. He was at home in all circumstances and with all people sharing, inspiring and, above all, teaching the technology of living together in the Age of Aquarius as elevated and radiant human beings.
In the history of the US Congress, only a handful of spiritual leaders have ever inspired a Joint Resolution honouring their life and work, they include Martin Luther King Jr., Pope John Paul II, Mother Theresa and Yogi Bhajan. | history |
https://www.sugargarden.it/tag/tulip/ | 2023-12-01T03:29:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201021234-20231201051234-00384.warc.gz | 0.96122 | 218 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__79364212 | en | Tulips are flowers so beautiful that they don’t need embellishments when photographed.
I’m especially fond of Canova tulips, they represent elegance and grace to me.
Long-stemmed and pale-petalled with lovely crystal-fringed edges, they make a statement of flair and fashion.
Tulip flowers have an odd story. They were first introduced to Europe from Turkey during the sixteenth century and in less than one hundred years they grew so sought-after that the Netherlands literally developed what is called “tulipomania”. The bulbs became object of speculative trade, which eventually led to a crazy spiraling of the prices and generated the first speculative bubble in economic history.
Weird to say, tulips were grown mostly for the love of money rather than for the lovers of the flower itself!
But in spite of the peculiar beginnings, the wide interest kindled by this flower and its consequent extensive cultivation allow us today to admire so many different kinds of fabulous hybrids created over 400 years. | history |
https://news.mwsu.edu/iNews/view.asp?ID=1699 | 2018-01-17T01:35:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886792.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117003801-20180117023801-00640.warc.gz | 0.950317 | 505 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__241358775 | en | The Wichita Falls Museum of Art at Midwestern State University announces two new exhibitions, one by international artists and one by a local photographer from years past, which will run February 22-April 20, 2013. A free public opening reception will be from 6-8 p.m. Friday, February 22.
Le Temps de líEau (The Time of Water) by the Take Me to the River (TMTTR) project includes works in painting, drawing, photography, video, sound, sculpture, installation and performance. The Take Me to the River Project was founded in 2001 by 12 artists from different countries to promote greater understanding and cooperation among people and nations during these unsettled times. Through art, TMTTR hopes to create a bridge across borders by reflecting both the diversities and similarities among people of different countries.
The river was chosen by the founding members of TMTTR as the metaphoric, unifying theme of the artwork because of the positive, life-affirming connotations associated with rivers and for the role in history that rivers have played as primary sources of commerce and interchange between nations and cultures, and, thus, a critical means of bridging distances between different religions, politics, and philosophies. Artist members of TMTTR all are well-established professionals with extensive national and international exhibition experience.
The second exhibit, Lester Jones Photography Collection: A Look at Wichita Falls, will appeal to those interested in Wichita Falls history. Jones watched Wichita Falls transition from a prairie town to the commercial center of North Texas. Always interested in history, Jones began collecting photographs, which were eventually passed on to his family. His son and daughter-in-law, Frank and Polly Jones, had the original prints and many negatives from all periods of the history of Wichita Falls. As a result of a long-standing interest in the Wichita Falls Museum of Art, Frank and Polly donated the photographs and negatives to the museum in the fall of 1980.
These photographs shed light on the growth and development of Wichita Falls. Some of the photographs convey important events in the cityís history such as the construction of the skyscrapers, whereas others document more personal accomplishments.
This exhibit represents a small selection of the photographs from the Lester Jones Photography Collection contained within the Wichita Falls Museum of Artís Permanent Collection.
For more information, call the Wichita Falls Museum of Art at MSU at (940) 397-8900 or visit www.mwsu.edu/wfma. | history |
http://m.smh.com.au/national/ottoman-army-enjoyed-fresh-food-on-front-line-20111004-1l7d1.html | 2014-11-27T18:15:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931009004.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155649-00096-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.977245 | 451 | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-49__0__57871884 | en | Bridie Smith October 05, 2011
A SIMPLE Ottoman kitchen - complete with brick oven - discovered as part of a five-year survey of Gallipoli has highlighted the two extremes of life on the 1915 battlefield.
While the Diggers were eating bully beef and other canned and processed food, their Turkish opponents ate fresh produce prepared in a terraced kitchen.
The field kitchen was built much closer to the front line than the Allied food area, which was littered with tins and jam jars.
Located during the second phase of a combined Australian, New Zealand and Turkish project to survey the battlefield before the 2015 centenary, the Ottoman kitchen was among the most revealing discoveries made last month, according to the survey archaeologist Tony Sagona from Melbourne University.
''One of the things that struck me … was that all the metal food containers that we found came from the Anzac side of the battlefield … The Ottoman army was largely cooking their food brought in from the villages.''
The Allies had field kitchens with camp fires and their diet differed dramatically. Turkish archives suggest soup was a feature on the Ottoman menu.
On the northern front line areas of the battlefield, archaeologists and historians found one of Gallipoli's most significant sites on the peninsula's scrubby vegetation - Malone's Terraces at Quinn's Post, considered a critical part of the Allied line.
The historian Richard Reid said the Ottoman army and the Anzacs would have been no more than 10 metres apart. ''If either side had broken through, that would have been the end of the campaign,'' he said.
The Allied terrace was named after Lieutenant-Colonel William Malone, of New Zealand's Wellington Battalion, who organised the building of the terraces for troops to sleep in. This dramatically improved conditions when the Kiwis took over from the Australians in June 1915.
Malone's Terrace was one of over 30 dugouts, terraced areas and tunnel entrances surveyed last month. More than 1700 metres of trench were also traced, in addition to the 4000 metres of trench mapped last year.
Among more than 130 artefacts retrieved were buttons, belt buckles, bullet shells, shards from medicine jars and three bullet-holed water bottles. | history |
https://www.gapiolucknow2024.com/ayodhya-tourism/ | 2024-04-23T10:33:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818474.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423095619-20240423125619-00650.warc.gz | 0.955662 | 206 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__161079701 | en | Ayodhya, located just 135 kms from Lucknow, holds immense cultural and religious significance for Hindus globally. Revered as the birthplace of Lord Ram, it attracts pilgrims and tourists from around the world.
The city boasts a rich tapestry of ancient temples and sacred sites, including the newly constructed Ram Mandir, which stands as a symbol of cultural and religious importance and the Hanuman Garhi, a temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, known for its intricate architecture and spiritual ambiance. Moreover, the Kanak Bhavan temple, believed to have been gifted to Sita by Kaikeyi, showcases stunning artwork and narratives from the Hindu epic, Ramayana. The ancient city also boasts attractions such as Kanak Bhawan, Dashrath Bhavan, and the scenic banks of the Sarayu River. With the addition of the grand Ram Mandir, Ayodhya is now a prominent pilgrimage site, offering a blend of spirituality, history, and architectural marvels for tourists to explore and experience. | history |
https://secure2.eda-on.ca/imis15/EDA/About_Us/EDA_100th_Anniversary.aspx | 2018-04-23T02:43:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945669.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180423011954-20180423031954-00564.warc.gz | 0.917629 | 101 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__6355854 | en | EDA's 100th Anniversary
The Electricity Distributors Association will mark its 100th Anniversary in 2012. Together, our members have delivered a reliable, sustainable source of power to communities across the province for more than a century. As we mark this important milestone, we look forward to sharing the history of our Association and its accomplishments.
A special microsite to commemorate the occasion of our centennial is available at www.eda100years.ca
Become a Sponsor
to learn more about sponsorship opportunities | history |
https://www.crowancrafts.co.uk/crowan-pottery/ | 2024-02-23T19:18:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474445.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223185223-20240223215223-00056.warc.gz | 0.978985 | 1,284 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__210856720 | en | Harry and May Davis – Crowan Pottery
‘Simplicity! What a hard thing to achieve.’
Harry and May Davis met at the Leach Pottery, St Ives, and were married in 1938.
They set up Crowan Pottery in the mill house in Crowan in 1946, and stayed until 1962, when they left for New Zealand and opened the Crewenna Pottery near Nelson.
They were eccentric, idealistic and immensely practical, producing functional pottery of great beauty out of very fine stoneware, or porcelain, often decorated with brushwork or wax resist.
All of Crowan and Crewenna output was marked with the same pottery seal shown here, but not always as clearly! The Davises saw their potteries as workshops – not studios – so to them the whole concept of signed work was inappropriate, and only the workshop seal was used.
On some Crowan porcelain we have seen the impressed ‘P.’ mark, shown here, next to the pottery mark. This indicates the piece is porcelain. Perhaps necessary as from the pottery, porcelain had a 25% price mark up over stoneware.
Unknown to us are the impressed ‘II’, ’12’, ’22’ and ‘B’ marks shown here. We have found these on stoneware plates and bowls made at Crowan.
Please get in touch if you have more information on these marks.
Sometimes, painted glaze marks (C21 here) and body mixture marks (59 here) can be found on (mostly Crewenna) pots. These handwritten numbers mean that the glaze or the body of the pot was a test. Only test pots had this numbering and every firing would include a few tests so that the constant experimentation with different glazes and bodies was continued to improve the aesthetic, strength, and crazing properties. Some of these test pots were then sold.
Harry and May never used personal marks on their work.
In the words of Harry and May Davis
“When we were setting up the pottery at Crowan in 1946, we wanted to broaden the current concept of quality with regard to pots and to couple this with something which has since acquired the name of an ‘alternative life style’.
We were looking for rewards and forms of income which were not connected with money. This led to the digging and processing of a large proportion of the raw materials, which greatly added to interest in the doing and also to the quality of the pots.
Quality, we felt, must be extended beyond the narrow obsession with aesthetics which so dominated the craft potting scene at the time. We also intended to take a more integral view of the potter’s role, so that plate making, for instance, became a normal part of a potter’s function. Today few people realise what a novel idea this was in the 1940s and 1950s, when potters neglected plate making altogether.
The stimulation at the back of all this came from our awareness of the fact that traditional potters in numerous cultures and at many different periods had been able to make pots of a highly inspiring and imaginative quality for the simple purpose of domestic use.
We had a strong preference for a rural situation because of the many economic alternatives which country life offered. In this context ‘small’ was seen to be beautiful, even in 1946. A more creative way of working tended to raise the cost of production, and to offset this we endeavoured to give the pots the maximum durability. Indeed, the strength of our pots became something of a legend.
The ‘alternative living’ side offered its rewards in producing the family milk supply from goats and in using the water-wheel to process the raw materials and to provide light and heat. It made possible the production of hay to feed the animals in winter, and provided packing material for our pots the year round. A supply of garden produce goes without saying. The material and psychological satisfaction of all this was considerable.
Apart from tiles, we limited our pots to those which could be made on a wheel. The bulk of our work was stoneware with some porcelain, and the preferred decoration was wax resist, with more recently a good deal of incised decoration.”
Some extracts from May Davis’s autobiography
Crowan mill had seen better days. In 1946 it was milling just cattle fodder and that only once a week, but the water-wheel turned; it worked.
The big stone mill building and the house adjoining it were solid indeed. In true Cornish style, the house walls were about two feet thick and the roof was slate.
At the front was a hoist powered by the water-wheel for taking the sacks of wheat (and later clay) up to the fourth floor.
There was no electricity or water. Candles and oil lamps were fine and water from the stream was good for washing. Drinking water we fetched from a spring at the vicarage down the road.
The old mill made a wonderful workshop. The clay went to the top floor via the outside hoist, powered by the water-wheel. Here it was processed, mixed and passed through the floor to the level below.
As well as the four storey mill there was the throwing room, glaze room and a very big kiln shed.
The kiln we built was large. To load it we would walk in carrying the saggars. These are fireclay containers which we stacked up in piles called ‘bungs’.
The glaze firing lasted 48 hours and contained some 3,000 pots.
A lot of the pots went out by post to retail customers, and for packing we used to collect hay from the churchyard. It was cut by hand with a scythe, or in difficult places a sickle, a laborious business, so the churchwarden was only too glad to have someone turn it and take it away.
As a packing material it was excellent and smelled lovely, so that our customers often thanked us not only for the pots but for the lovely country smell of hay. | history |
https://www.shopathome.org.uk/product/the-little-greene-paint-company-new-bond-street-wallpaper/ | 2020-07-06T16:50:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655881763.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706160424-20200706190424-00561.warc.gz | 0.951802 | 175 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__94061315 | en | Based on one of the oldest surviving documents in English Heritage’s wallpaper archive, this fragment from an embossed leather wall hanging actually predates wallpaper. Panels of embossed and painted leather, usually with a floral pattern, were popular, though expensive modes of decoration in the late 16th and 17th centuries. These panels were sewn together to create large-scale decorative hangings, much in the same way that drops of wallpaper are hung side-by-side to create a much more impressive statement.
Please note: although we do our best to get the most accurate data for all products on this site, the companies we work with can choose to any of the prices whenever they want, and we have zero control over this. If you notice any incorrect information on the site, please let us know and we will fix it as soon as possible. | history |
https://www.kc-semic.si/en/tic/the-jewish-house-cave/ | 2023-12-02T05:10:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100327.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202042052-20231202072052-00263.warc.gz | 0.974153 | 427 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__54587720 | en | The Jewish House (Judovska hiša) cave proves that the Semič area was inhabited eleven thousand years BC. You can see it in a very special karst cave Jewish House near Stranska vas village. The cave is located not far from the Pero’s mill. The path to it leads across the bridge by Pero’s mill and then slightly uphill through the forest above the Krupa.
The Jewish House is the only known site from the Early Stone Age in the Bela krajina region. Its inhabitants were then engaged in picking fruit and hunting, as evidenced by the finds of stone tools and bones of various animals. The cave was also used as a shelter in the earlier periods of prehistory.
The entrance to the cave is large and open, so visitors feel as if they have stepped into a basement house. Over the millennia, the stone walls in the cave have been furrowed and reshaped by water. The spacious hall in this cave gave the ancient inhabitants a very good shelter. Today, it offers shelter to bats (the lesser horseshoe bat) that reside in hidden and twisted cracks on the ceiling.
The mystery of the name Jewish House remains unsolved. According to oral tradition, unknown strangers, dressed quite differently from the locals, stopped in this cave a long time ago. These seemingly different foreigners may have been called Jews by the locals, and the name has survived to this day. One possible explanation is that the term “Jew” once meant pagans or non-Christians to simple ignorant people.
Not far from the cave, a nice small haystack was set up as part of the Misterion project. It serves as a spot where you can relax on the way along the Karst Educational Trail, or as a classroom in nature, where you can listen to the words of a tourist guide.
Exceptional archaeological finds, such as cave paintings or a bone flute, have not been discovered by archaeologists at the Jewish House. But who knows—the deeper layers of the soil may be hiding another surprise! | history |
http://www.smpsneo.org/EventDetails/608 | 2018-06-22T13:02:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864482.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622123642-20180622143642-00061.warc.gz | 0.870637 | 141 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__19983320 | en | Please join us to get a sneak peek into one of Cleveland’s most historic buildings being converted into luxury apartments. Members from the project team will present on the history of the building, the historic tax credit process, and the design & construction aspects of the transformation. The tour will include 3 phases of construction, featuring model suites, new atrium, and penthouse views.
Registration: 11:00 - 11:15
Project Team Overview: 11:15 - 11:45
Tour: 11:45 - 12:45
Boxed Lunch/Networking: 12:45 - 1:30 (Driftwood Catering)
3 seat(s) are availableRegister for Event | history |
http://seehund.co.uk/html/sub_development.html | 2019-12-05T15:29:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540481076.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20191205141605-20191205165605-00193.warc.gz | 0.9815 | 1,358 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__134893381 | en | Submarines are generally accepted to be craft capable of independent operation underwater. The term usually refers to large crewed autonomous vessels but can also encompass smaller vessels such as midget submarines, wet subs, remotely operated vehicles or robots. Traditionally submarines are referred to as ‘boats’ rather than ships no matter what their size.
The following paragraphs are by no means comprehensive, rather they give a flavour of some of the more interesting early submarine developments.
Whilst consensus is difficult to find, the majority of people would accept that the first military submarine was the ’Turtle’ which carried a single person and was built in 1775 by the American David Bushnell. The ‘Turtle’ was so named due to its shape, which resembled a turtle on edge. It is said to have measured about 10 feet (3.0 m) long, 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, and 3 feet (0.9 m) wide. Built of wooden shells, reinforced with steel straps and waterproofed with tar the boat had a bilge tank that, when flooded, allowed the vessel to dive. Emptying the tank using a hand pump forced it to rise. In an emergency a 200 pounds (91 kg) ballast weight could be jettisoned thrusting it swiftly to the surface. Propulsion in both the horizontal and vertical planes was accomplished by hand cranked screws. It contained enough air for about thirty minutes of operation and had a top speed, in calm waters, of around three miles per hour (5 km/h). The aim of this small wooden craft was to attach an explosive charge to the hull of a ship. It was used during the American Revolutionary War, where the operator, Sgt. Ezra Lee of the Continental Army tried, but failed, to sink the British warship HMS Eagle, in New York harbour on September 7, 1776.
In 1854 a German, Wilhelm Bauer, built the Seeteufel (‘Sea Devil’) for the Russian Navy in St. Petersburg. Little is known about this submarine however it is said to have been some 50 feet long with iron walls 1/2” thick and had some 21 windows. It had large cylinders to hold water as diving ballast and was designed for a crew of 12-15. It was powered beneath the water by crewmen walking on a tread wheel. In addition, Bauer provided the Sea Devil with a newly invented rescue device: the airlock, by which divers could leave and enter the submerged vessel. The Sea Devil made 133 successful diving excursions within four months. But during the 134th dive in 1856, the submarine got stuck on the sea floor. By emptying the ballast tanks with the pumps, the crew managed to raise the submarine high enough so that the hatchway was above the waterline. The whole crew (including Bauer) was saved, but unfortunately, the submarine sank back to the bottom of the sea. This submarine was never used operationally.
In 1863 a Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley (also known as the "fish torpedo boat") was built. Twelve 12 m long it was, yet again, hand cranked this time by 7-8 men. It was the first combat submarine to sink an enemy warship. Constructed by James McClintock, Baxter Watson, and Horace L. Hunley, it was used in the American Civil War. The first attack in 1864 was successful, sinking the USS Housatonion Union which was on blockade duty in Charleston's outer harbour. Soon after, Hunley sank, killing all eight of her crew. This time, the innovative ship was lost but relocated in 1995. The Hunley was recovered in 2000 and is now on display in Charleston.
The Resurgam II (unfortunate name in Latin: "I shall rise again"), was the name given to a Victorian submarine built in 1879. This was one of the first functional steam-driven British submarines, designed by the Reverend George William Garrett it was built by Cohran & Co. at Birkenhead. It was constructed with an iron frame to which iron plates were attached. The submarine was was 45 feet (14 m) long by 10 feet (3.0 m) in diameter, weighed 30 long tons (30 t), and had a crew of 3. The central portion of the submarine was clad in wood and was designed to be positively buoyant (it should have floated), diving would have been accomplished by means of a pair of hydroplanes mounted amidships. The engine was capable of providing enough steam to turn its single propeller for up to 4 hours.
The Resurgam successfully completed her sea trials in the East Float at Wallasey but following mechanical repairs in Rhyl sunk in Liverpool Bay whilst under tow by the steam yacht Elphin on 25 February 1880. The submarine was rediscovered in 1995 and on the 4 July 1996 was designated protected wreck number 42 under the Protection of Wrecks Act. Divers recently placed zinc corrosion inhibitors on the wreck in an attempt to slow its degradation. Plans to raise the wreck have so far been unsuccessful.
The first of the British submarines directly commissioned by the Royal Navy was the Holland 1. This was one of a batch of six that were built in secret by John Holland in 1901 at Barrow-in-Furness. Launched on 2nd October 1901 she dived for the first time on 20th March 1902. Sea trials for the batch were carried out cautiously but the submarine flotilla commander Captain Bacon is quoted as saying:-
“....Even these little boats would be a terror to any ship attempting to remain or pass near a harbour holding them.....".
The submarine was some 20 metres long with a beam of 3.5 metres weighing 105 long tons when submerged. She had a 160 horsepower petrol engine for use on the surface and a 70 horsepower electric motor for use underwater. Maximum speed would have been in the order of 7 knots when submerged with a range of 20 nautical miles when travelling at maximum speed underwater. It had a crew of 8, could travel to a depth of 30 metres and had a single torpedo tube for which it could carry 3 torpedoes.
On 24th October 1904 the Holland 1 along with several other Holland and A-Class boats was dispatched to attack a Russian fleet but was recalled before nay engagement took place.
The Holland 1 was considered obsolete by 1913 and sold for £410. It sunk under tow close to the Eddystone lighthouse. In 1982 she was raised and can now be seen in the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport (UK). | history |
https://withskulls.net/aztec-skulls | 2023-11-29T19:04:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100135.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129173017-20231129203017-00306.warc.gz | 0.983908 | 1,629 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__301809344 | en | The main rituals of the Aztec empire were held in the Greater Temple.
This well-preserved building was the religious and political center of ancient Tenochtitlan, the most important city of the Aztec empire. It was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, deity of war and sun.
Especially in this place, archaeologists have found abundant evidence about the practice of a huge number of human sacrifices. In order to preserve life, the Aztecs sought to please their gods. They thought one way to do it was to feed them.
But these deities did not settle for any food. They required to consume the blood of humans. This explains why sacrifices were so common. Those chosen for such carnage were prisoners of war, those defeated in the ball game, children who were revered as divinities and, probably, some women. The appetite of the gods was insatiable.
The Aztecs went to the point of going to war against other peoples with the main objective of capturing as many prisoners as possible for sacrifice. In fact, only in Tenochtitlan tens of thousands who ran this fate.
The Aztec skulls as offerings Many victims were beheaded after the sacrifice.
The heads were then cooked so that they could easily peel off their skin, exposing the skulls. These were placed in the tzompantli (row of skulls, in Spanish). It was a wall made of tezontle ashlars that was covered with stucco. Thick wood was embedded in this wall in an upright position. The timber was drilled and pierced, from top to bottom, by thin rods. The skulls, in turn, were pierced through the parietal zone and placed on the horizontal rods, one side of the other.
A mixture of lime, sand and tezontle gravel kept them together. The tzompantli was, in fact, an altar to honor the gods. Contrary to what might be thought, this collection was part of a cult of life. The Aztecs considered death as a mere transit towards a better life in the spirit world. Some altars could contain thousands of heads. Although there is no precise data, it is believed that the Great Tzompantli of the Great Temple, in Tenochtitlan, came to house more than 100,000 skulls. Of course, in addition to its use as a sacred altar, this display of skulls served to frighten enemies. Before embedding the skulls in the Great Tzompantli, a ritual was held that sanctified them. Afterwards, they stood facing the temple of Huitzilopochtli.
The offerings would ensure the continuity of the solar star, which would positively impact nature, fertility and agriculture.
The Aztecs believed that the deceased warriors accompanied the deity from sunrise until noon, when they gave their place to the women killed during childbirth. They would travel with Huitzilopochtli until dusk.
Then, in the underworld, warriors would have to fight with the forces of darkness for the sun to rise again one more day. Artificial skulls: dubious provenance From the second half of the 19th century, some intriguing discoveries were made. These were skulls made of crystal and quartz. With some suspicion, it was attributed mainly to the Aztecs. Some have an impeccable design and the size of a real human skull. It is these objects in particular that have caused disbelief among archaeologists and historians. What calls into question the authenticity of the pieces is that there is no evidence that the Aztecs had the knowledge and tools needed to make these works of art.
To overcome this obstacle, all sorts of arguments have been put forward, some very extravagant. There are those who claim that they are artifacts from Atlantis or items of extraterrestrial manufacture.
Of course, these ideas have no scientific basis. Less support has claims that skulls have supernatural powers. If the Aztecs actually crafted at least some of these skulls, they could have been representations of their gods. In fact, some of their deities looked similar to those of these figures. Therefore, they probably used them to invoke them, as if they were an idol. In the nineties of the last century, analyses were carried out on two skulls, supposedly pre-Columbian.
One is in the British Museum and one is in the possession of the Smithsonian Institute. Studies revealed that the pieces had been carved by relatively modern jeweler instruments, tools that the Aztecs and any other Mesoamerican civilization were completely unaware of. It is clear that these two works are forgeries. This raises even more doubts about the authenticity of even one of the skulls.
Skull masks The skulls served Aztecs for more than an offering. Three decades ago, eight masks made from human skulls were discovered in the Main Temple. Archaeologists long assumed that masks were made from the heads of some randomly selected human sacrifice victims.
However, recent research by experts at the University of Montana has shed more light on this issue. A comparative analysis was made of the intact skulls of 30 victims of human sacrifices, 127 skulls of warriors killed in battle and the eight masks. The structure and appearance of the pieces examined allowed the experts to specify the sex, health status, age and place of origin of each subject of study. It was concluded that the masks were made with the skulls of men between 30 and 45 years of age. When they died, they were in optimal health, were well fed and had no dental problems.
The above traits were very unusual among the general population of pre-Hispanic civilizations. If the masks had been made with the skulls of ordinary people, the test results would have been very different. It seems logical to conclude that the skulls came from persons of noble origin. This would explain why they were in better health than the other victims studied. Therefore, the most feasible explanation, up to this point, is that royals or elite warriors captured in battle did not have the same fate as others. Instead of placing their entire skulls in the tzompantli, they were subjected to special treatment. It was also possible to determine, with a good degree of certainty, the origin of men turned into skull masks.
They were native to the Toluca Valley, the Gulf Coast of Mexico, western Mexico and the Valley of Mexico. There’s even speculation about the identity of one of the masks. It is believed that it could be the king of Tollocan, mentioned in some historical records. The priests cut off the skull to remove the back. Then they painted it, placed inlays in his eyes, and put a flint sheet on his nose. Once the mask was finished, it was time to fix it in the tzompantli of the temple, where it was revered as a sacred object.
Aztec skulls in present-day Mexico It is clear that the Aztecs felt an irresistible fascination with skulls. Their practical macabre have left their mark on modern Day of the Dead celebrations. For example, the bread of the dead is usually shaped like a skull and the figures of some bones.
Certain historians claim that the Spanish conquistadors promoted its use as an alternative to human sacrifices. Another element that seems to be a legacy of the Aztecs and other pre-Hispanic cultures, is the skulls. It is a skull made with sugar, chocolate, grenetine or amaranth. It’s an indispensable part of the altar of the dead. For many experts, it is inevitable to think about the tzompantli when they see these sweets arranged in a row. In the parades organized on the occasion of the Day of the Dead, people disguise themselves allusive to the celebration. It is striking that some participants wear masks and clothing that make them look like “Aztec skulls”.
It is clear that even the most chilling customs can be assimilated by the folklore of a people. | history |
https://stories.audleytravel.com/mexico-through-the-lens?slow=1 | 2017-11-20T22:35:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806258.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120223020-20171121003020-00545.warc.gz | 0.960483 | 315 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__188927643 | en | by Latin America Specialist, Scott H.
I just returned from a research trip focusing on the Colonial cities north of Mexico City. I was stunned by the amazing diversity of culture and the vital significance these cities played in the fight for independence in the early 19th century. My favorite part of traveling through the colonial cities is the lack of international tourism. You really feel like you’re seeing authentic Mexico rather than a place that exists solely for tourism
Well-known for its colorful and beautiful colonial buildings, Guanajuato was declared UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988 and is a popular stop on a trip to Mexico.
Located about 45 miles east of Oaxaca, Hierve el Agua is home to mineral formations that over hundreds of years have formed to look like huge frozen waterfalls. There are also two large artificial pools very close to the cliff’s edge, as well as a number of small natural pools, making for beautiful photos and a perfect off-the-beaten-track adventure.
Puebla, one of the oldest colonial cities on the continent, is known not only for its prominent architecture but also for its popular cuisine known as “Cocina Poblana”.
Querataro is just over two hours from Mexico City and is also a popular destination for colonial architecture.
Visit our Mexico page for trip ideas, inspiration and travel guides to the country.
Learn more about traveling with Audley by visiting our website or calling a specialist today at 1-855-838-8300. | history |
https://www.egylandscape.org/conferences/02_2019_BA_Alexandria/ | 2023-03-24T19:59:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945288.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324180032-20230324210032-00736.warc.gz | 0.916179 | 297 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__125169182 | en | Islamic Civilization Studies Center (Bibliotheca Alexandrina) - 2019
EGYLandscape Project Panel
Islamic Civilization Studies Center (Bibliotheca Alexandrina) - Alexandria, Egypt 31 October 2019
Prof. Albrecht Fuess, co-leader of the EGYLandscape Project, was invited to give a series of lectures at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina from 29-31 October. In addition to his theme, “The Relations Between East and West from the Middle Ages until the Turn of the Modern Era,” Prof. Fuess proposed to present a mini-workshop and overview of the EGYLandscape Project. Joining him for the special EGYLandscape panel were Prof. Nicolas Michel (project co-leader, Aix-Marseille University), Prof. Heba Saad (Alexandria University), and Anthony Quickel (University of Marburg). The project co-leaders, Fuess and Michel, gave an overview of the EGYLandscape Project, while each member of the panel presented their own research projects in order to highlight the diversity of topics under EGYLandscape’s purview. The panel was moderated by EGYLandscape contributor Dr. Ahmed Abdel Moneim, who is a scholar at the Bibliotheca’s Islamic Civilization Studies Center. The project was very happy for the opportunity to present to a new venue, especially to a very large Egyptian audience. | history |
https://worcestercenterforcraftsenews.blogspot.com/2015/10/ | 2021-09-21T10:56:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057202.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921101319-20210921131319-00088.warc.gz | 0.942854 | 832 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__163017112 | en | Friday, October 23, 2015
Click here for the Full article in the Worcester Telegram & Gazette
LOST & FOUND COLLABORATION
An exhibit of vintage and contemporary architectural photographs opens in the Krikorian Gallery with a free reception on Thursday, October 22. The show is on view through November 21. Sponsored by Preservation Worcester, WORCESTER ARCHITECTURE: Lost & Found, documents well-known city landmarks extant in the 1930s and some of those same landmarks today. See what is missing! Historic photographs, from the Special Collections of the Worcester Public Library, are juxtaposed with contemporary architectural photographs by Thomas A. Lingner and images of architectural details and street life today by Randle Rae Stock. Sponsored in part by a grant to Preservation Worcester from the Worcester Arts Council.
NOW CALL FOR ART
Calling all artists born since 1975! We want to highlight your generation's work. The Worcester Center for Crafts is joining forces with ArtsWorcester in organizing a juried exhibition entitled NOW: New Work, New Artists which will be on view at the Crafts Center and Arts Worcester simultaneously from March 18 through April, 2016. Submission and guidelines are online; click here for all forms and guidelines . Deadline is January 15 so don't delay in making your plans and submitting your work. Juror: Roger Hankins, Director of the Cantor Art Gallery at the College of the Holy Cross. All artistic and craft media welcome. Come on craft artists! Let's make a showing. Sponsored in part by Worcester Business Journal.
Thursday, October 22, 2015
Tuesday, October 20, 2015
Worcester, MA -- An exhibit of vintage and contemporary architectural photographs will be on view from October 22 through November 21, 2015 at the Krikorian Gallery of the Worcester Center for Crafts, 25 Sagamore Road, Worcester. Sponsored by Preservation Worcester, WORCESTER ARCHITECTURE: Lost & Found, documents well-known city landmarks past and present. Historic photographs from the Special Collections of the Worcester Public Library are juxtaposed with contemporary architectural photographs by Thomas A. Lingner and images of architectural details and street life today by Randle Rae Stock.
The exhibit opens with a reception on Thursday, October 22 from 5:30-7:30 pm at the Worcester Center for Crafts that is free and open to the public. "This is an important show," says organizer Susan Ceccacci, Education Director, Preservation Worcester. "It shows us what we have, and what we have to lose when it comes to the Worcester's outstanding built environment."
The historical photographs originally appeared in an exhibit, entitled "Worcester Architecture," held at the Worcester Art Museum in 1937 and organized by the "dean" of American architectural historians, Henry-Russell Hitchcock. Contemporary photographs update this collection of historical images of Worcester landmarks with views of the buildings and the people who animate them today.
"We're proud to partner with Preservation Worcester and the Worcester Public Library on this exhibit as its purpose is to show us the rich resources that still exist while photographically alluding to what we have already lost," said Krikorian Gallery Director Candace Casey. The exhibit is underwritten in part by the Worcester Arts Council, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and a generous framing gift from the Worcester Public Library.
Related programming includes:
- An illustrated talk on Tuesday, November 10 at 5:30 entitled, "Rediscovering Jenne Magafan's Worcester East Middle School Murals," given by College of the Holy Cross researchers Sarah Valente and Nicole Landry and organized by Worcester Art Museum Director Emeritus, James A. Welu. The talk is free and open to the public.
- Author event on Wednesday, November 18 from 5:30-6:30 pm. Susan Ceccacci will sign copies of her book Living at the City's Green Edge: Bancroft Heights, A Planned Neighborhood in Worcester, Massachusetts.
The Krikorian Gallery hours are Tuesday through Saturday, 10 am to 5 pm. Admission is free. | history |
http://alltodaynews24.blogspot.com/2011/08/world-trade-center-memorial-guide-of.html | 2018-07-19T11:34:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590866.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719105750-20180719125750-00270.warc.gz | 0.935172 | 123 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__199204073 | en | Thursday, August 25, 2011
World Trade Center Memorial Guide Of Names Debuts As iPhone App
The guide to the names, which includes biographical information about the victims and pinpoints the location of each name at the memorial, was placed online in May. It will be available on electronic kiosks when the memorial opens next month, on the 10th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks.
Joe Daniels, president and CEO of the National September 11 Memorial and Museum, briefed reporters about progress at the site during a New York Press Club tour that also featured a talk by trade center developer Larry Silverstein. | history |
https://ecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/32519-population-genomics-from-the-southern-end-of-south-america | 2021-12-08T17:53:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363520.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208175210-20211208205210-00068.warc.gz | 0.948251 | 849 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__95103424 | en | Population genomics from the Southern end of South America
Our paper in PNAS can be accessed here.
The population history of Patagonia has played an important role on both a regional and continental scale. Human presence in the region has been dated to 14,500 years BP at Monte Verde (Northwest Patagonia), one of the earliest archaeological sites in America. Additionally, the remarkable isolation of the region and biological diversity of its inhabitants have supported the hypothesis that early human populations in the region are relicts of the earliest migrants coming into the continent. The actual time for the peopling of Patagonia, the migrations routes, and diversification within the region are still a matter of debate, as well as the genetic affinities that the native human populations have with other groups across America.
Our research in Patagonia started in 2006 when Mauricio Moraga (corresponding author) initiated a project aiming to characterize the founding mitochondrial lineages in Patagonia. Previous works in the region also explored the mitochondrial DNA diversity through historical and present-day individuals, showing a lower genetic diversity in the region than in other areas in America. Further research, also led by Dr. Moraga and the archaeologist Omar Reyes (co-author), used ancient DNA and archaeological evidence to study the Chono, one of the less known maritime populations from the Northwest archipelagos However, it was not until 2014, four years after the publication of the first ancient human genome, that we started working on full ancient genomes from Patagonia.
By then I was finishing my Master’s Degree, working with mitochondrial DNA of the maritime populations from Patagonia. I was particularly interested in continuing my work in the area by expanding the study to include genome-wide data. As we did not have experience neither processing nor analyzing complete ancient genomes I contacted the group of Eske Willerslev from the Center of Geogenetics at University of Copenhagen in order to visit for three-months. At about the same time, the National Commission of Science and Technology funded a proposal led by Ricardo Verdugo (corresponding author), securing the resources to produce the first ancient genomes in Chile by a national team of geneticists, archaeologists and biological anthropologists. Our research also involved a direct collaboration with the laboratory of Carlos Bustamante in Stanford University, where we started the bioinformatic analysis.
We were successful in obtaining full genomes from four ancient individuals associated to late maritime groups in Western Patagonia together with genome-wide data from 61 contemporary individuals. With a temporal window stretching back 1,000 years, we were able to show a strong affinity between present-day populations and the ancient individuals. Interestingly, we saw that 1,000 years ago the division of two of the main maritime populations, Kawéskar and Yámana, already took place and it was very consistent with the known historical distribution of these groups. Our results show that these populations share a common ancestor that split from Tierra del Fuego’s populations (Selk’nam) between 8,000 to 6,000 years ago. Our analyses reflect an early population structure in the region and a long-term continuity in Patagonia.
Western Patagonia offers a great opportunity to work with ancient DNA thanks to the exceptional preservation of the genetic material. However, there are other challenges affecting the general research in the area. Most of the human remains found in the region come from isolated findings in shelters or shell middens with different degrees of disturbances (mostly human-related) and little to no cultural context. Additionally, archaeological research has to face several difficulties, from the visibility of the sites to the organisation of fieldworks completely dependent on navigation through the fjords and channels. Our work is a locally motivated effort to integrate what is known from the region with recent genomic technologies, increasing not only the representation of Native American diversity worldwide, but also our understanding of the microevolutionary processes along America. Furthermore, it is of great value that this work involved mostly Latin American researchers (from Mexico and Chile), currently working in their home countries developing cutting-edge research in regional issues. | history |
https://epiczone.ng/breaking-king-charles-iii-crowned-at-westminster-abbey/ | 2023-09-28T14:47:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510412.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928130936-20230928160936-00083.warc.gz | 0.968992 | 576 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__36428484 | en | In a historic ceremony watched by millions around the world, Prince Charles was crowned as King Charles III, marking the beginning of a new era for the United Kingdom. The grand event took place at Westminster Abbey, where the newly crowned monarch swore an oath to uphold the constitution and serve the people of the nation.
Amidst a regal atmosphere and a sense of both tradition and anticipation, King Charles III took the crown, following in the footsteps of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, who had reigned for an astonishing 70 years. The coronation symbolized the passing of the torch to the next generation of the British monarchy.
Epiczone understands that the ceremony was attended by dignitaries, political leaders, and members of the royal family, including Prince William and his wife, Catherine, who were present to show their support for the newly crowned king. As King Charles III knelt before the Archbishop of Canterbury, the atmosphere was filled with a mix of excitement and solemnity, underscoring the weight of the moment.
In his coronation address, King Charles III expressed his deep gratitude for the opportunity to serve as the monarch of the United Kingdom. He acknowledged the legacy left by his predecessors and vowed to carry out his duties with dedication and integrity. The new king also emphasized his commitment to addressing the challenges faced by the nation, such as climate change, social inequality, and the ongoing process of modernization.
The coronation of King Charles III came at a time of both celebration and reflection for the British people. It marked a transition from a long and successful reign to a future that promised continuity, stability, and progress. As the nation enters a new chapter under King Charles III, there is a renewed sense of optimism and anticipation for what lies ahead.
The reign of King Charles III is expected to bring some changes to the monarchy, as every monarch leaves their unique mark on the institution. However, the fundamental principles of constitutional monarchy and the role of the sovereign as a symbol of national unity and continuity are likely to remain unchanged.
As the first days of King Charles III’s reign unfold, the world will be watching closely. His actions and decisions will undoubtedly shape not only the United Kingdom but also its relationships with other nations. The challenges he faces will require careful navigation, but with his wealth of experience and dedication to public service, King Charles III is poised to lead the nation with wisdom and compassion.
As the coronation ceremony concluded and King Charles III left Westminster Abbey, a wave of excitement and anticipation spread throughout the streets of London and beyond. The people of the United Kingdom looked to the future with hope, as a new chapter in their history began under the reign of their new king. The coronation of King Charles III was not only a symbol of continuity and tradition but also a testament to the enduring strength and resilience of the British monarchy. | history |
http://www.christmasquiz.co.uk/tag/christmas-facts/ | 2022-08-17T02:20:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00318.warc.gz | 0.937927 | 358 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__158449932 | en | Some random Christmas facts, in no particular order.
All the gifts in the Twelve Days of Christmas would equal 364 gifts.
The first evidence of a Christmas tree is from a pamphlet that dates back to 1570.
Electric Christmas tree lights were first used in 1895.
The first Christmas was celebrated on December 25, AD 336 in Rome.
Coca-Cola was the first company to use Santa Claus in a winter promotion.
The day after Christmas, December 26, is known as Boxing Day. It is also the holy day of St. Stephen.
St. Francis of Assisi began the custom of singing Christmas carols in church in the 13th century.
Mistletoe (Viscum album) is from the Anglo-Saxon word misteltan, which means “dung twig” because the plant spreads it’s seeds though bird droppings.
The Christmas wreath symbolises Jesus’ blood with the red berries and the holly represents the crown of thorns.
President Teddy Roosevelt, an environmentalist, banned Christmas trees from the White House in 1901.
There are 3 towns in the US that are named Santa Claus. One in Georgia, one in Arizona and one in Indiana.
The word Christmas originates from the words Christ’s Mass.
The best-selling Christmas song ever is White Christmas by Bing Crosby. It has sold more than 50 million copies around the world.
“Jingle Bells” was the first song to be sung in space. On December 16, 1965 astronauts Tom Stafford and Wally Schirra sang it.
Due to international time zones, our modern day Santa Claus actually has 31 hours to deliver presents to all the children of the world. | history |
https://www.bettingroyalascot.co.uk/royal-ascot-history.php | 2024-02-25T22:18:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474643.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225203035-20240225233035-00659.warc.gz | 0.968327 | 1,296 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__210079263 | en | The Ascot Racecourse was founded in 1711. It was Queen Anne who founded the Ascot racecourse and since then, it’s become one of the premier horse racing tracks in Britain and the world. The first race, “Her Majesty’s Plate”, was held on 11th August 1711. Seven horses competed. This first race comprised three separate four-mile (6437 m) heats.
Early Royal Ascot History
It’s believed that Queen Anne rode her horse from Windsor Castle to the field where Ascot racecourse now sits and said “ this wold be a fine place for a horse race”. It didn’t take long for that statement to become reality, with the first race held later that year in 1711.
With Queen Anne’s death in 1714, this caused the cancellation of races the following month at the new track – with racing not resuming there until 1720. This was due to her successors – George I and George II not showing an interest in horse racing. It wasn’t until George II’s third son – William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland, who was a keen sportsman – revived the Ascot track.
In 1785 the Ascot racecourse took another step forward when the Straight Mile part of the track was built, and this attracted quicker horses that could now run over trips that ranged from five furlongs up to a mile – creating a lot more races and opportunities for speedier thoroughbred horses.This was nothing like the Royal Ascot meetings we see now. To start with, only seven horses competed, with three different heats of four miles each and every horse carrying 12 stones. The first racecourse was designed by William Lowen, though he was helped by a team of experts in various fields, across painting, carpentry, and administration.
Decades later, the first permanent building was built by a specialist from the area, in 1794. This structure was fit to accommodate over 1,600 people, and saw regular use for around 50 years.
Parliament took a decisive part in Ascot’s future in 1813, when they passed the Act of Enclosure. This ruled that Ascot Heath would be maintained only as a public racecourse, ensuring that events could entertain the British populace without fear of the venue being commandeered for any other purpose.
The Royal Ascot Meeting title though dates back to 1825, when racing at the track during the third week of June became known as ‘Royal Week’. Since then members of the Royal family started attending the meeting with a horse-drawn procession still taking place before the horse racing starts – a tradition that still takes place to this day. This helps to attract the thousands upon thousands of spectators each year. Being able to see the British monarchs in person, in a formal setting, is a rare thrill for many people.
Recent Royal Ascot History
The sense of spectacle and British tradition ensures visitors come from across the globe, while millions more watch on television and online.
While the first race was held in 1711, the first Royal Meeting as we know it today (or, rather, as close to it as we can imagine) took place in 1768. The arrival of the Gold Cup, decades later in 1807, ushered in the event’s more modern structure, and Royal Ascot was the only fixture held at the racecourse for over a century, until 1939. It was in this year that additional events started to take place at the venue throughout the year, making broader use of Ascot’s facilities.
In 1970 we saw the introduction of the famous Ascot bandstand – a place that racegoers go after racing for a proper ‘English sing-song’. This was an idea from the wife of the clerk of the course at the time and has grown in popularity ever since. It’s next big overhaul was in 2004, when the track closed for two years with a £200 million redevelopment that saw the Royal Meeting re-route to York during this time.
Royal Ascot Statistics
Around 300,000 people attend Royal Ascot each year and with many attractions before and after the horse racing to keep racegoers interested then these numbers are only set to increase in the coming years. In the current age there is over £7.3 million in total prize money on offer, which makes the meeting the most valuable on the annual horse racing calendar each season. It currently stages eight Group One races over the five days.
Over the years the track developed but it was in 1961 that the Ascot track got a major facelift with the new Queen Elizabeth II Grandstand being built at a cost of £1million. This contained 280 private dining rooms and saw the first boom of the corporate hospitality boom in horse racing and other top sports.
Key Recent Royal Ascot Trends
- 2015 – Top UK jockey, Ryan Moore rides 9 Royal Ascot winners at the 2015 meeting – the most in the modern era.
- 2013 – The Queen’s Estimate wins the 2013 Ascot Gold Cup, the first time in the race’s history that the race has been won by a reigning monarch.
- 2012 – Top trainer, Henry Cecil, recorded his 75th Royal Ascot win – with the wonder horse Frankel, who won five times at Ascot, including a magical win in the 2012 Queen Anne Stakes at Royal Ascot.
- 2011 – Top Australian-based horse – Black Caviar – made the 10,000mile trip to Royal Ascot and with a whole nation behind her, she didn’t let them down. She landed the 2011 running of the Diamond Jubilee Stakes with a nail-biting finish that saw jockey Luke Nolen stop riding in the closing stages that almost cost her the race.
- 2009 – Top staying horse – Yeats – landed his fourth Ascot Gold Cup. He’d landed the 2006, 2007 and 2008 runnings and after taking the 2009 renewal became the only horse to win manage this feat.
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[mosaic tag=”info_tickets” post_type=”post,page” limit=”12″] | history |
https://powderandglory.com/film-description | 2023-12-02T18:27:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100448.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202172159-20231202202159-00020.warc.gz | 0.979301 | 329 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__8104851 | en | The Powder & the Glory tells the story of two of the first highly successful women entrepreneurs in America, Elizabeth Arden and Helena Rubinstein. One hundred years ago these women immigrated to the United States and, starting with next to nothing, created what is today the $150 billion global health and beauty industry.
Although they lived and worked only blocks apart in New York for over 50 years, the two women, by design, never met! Their competition drove them both to great creativity and success.
Their competing companies defined the business of beauty, making cosmetics both newly respectable and, finally, indispensable. Along the way they developed many advertising and marketing techniques that became part of the business landscape, and they themselves became household names, cultural icons, and two of the world's wealthiest women.
They both influenced and were influenced by the major movements of the day in art, style, and women's roles:
- When the close-up became a staple in the movies, makeup became au courant
- Their salons were showcases of modernist design
- They helped usher in the "new woman" of the 1920s — young, independent, and in every way equal to men
- Throughout their careers, they supported women's empowerment and rights
Their accomplishments continue to be relevant to both women and men in business today. This is an inspiring story about perseverance, genuine creativity, and continual reinvention to meet the changing needs and demands of consumers and society. When they started their businesses, makeup was used mostly by prostitutes and performers, and businesses were run mostly by men. They changed all that, and they transformed us. | history |
https://pacman.com/en/news/?p=950 | 2021-01-16T03:52:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703499999.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116014637-20210116044637-00258.warc.gz | 0.823602 | 348 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__187916353 | en | - Postet on:
Storyworld presents: Wakawaka! 40 Years of PAC-MAN
PAC-MAN is the first true video game icon, recognized and loved around the world. The simple yellow dot proved to be an irresistible force, and transformed not only the world of video games, but also popular culture at large. Celebrating 40 years of PAC-MAN, from October 3rd Dutch museum Storyworld explores the incredible game design, the worldwide success and the cultural impact of a character that, after forty years of munching, still hasn’t lost its appetite, in the temporary exhibition ‘Wakawaka! 40 Years of PAC-MAN’.
The exhibition explains the crucial role of the game design.
Our exhibition will therefore include the first pencil sketches of PAC-MAN and the first Japanese PAC-MAN posters and adverts.
Visit Storyworld to learn about the origins of PAC-MAN. Find out why the game was so revolutionary and why the tiny yellow muncher became such a huge success in Japan and beyond.
“Boys playing PAC-MAN, 1984 © Hans Singels”
For further information, please check here!
New Music Video from PAC-MAN 40th Anniversary Album!
BANDAI NAMCO ENTERTAINMENT INC. AND THE NBA ANNOUNCE PARTNERSHIP CELEBRATING PAC-MAN’S 40TH ANNIVERSARY!
“Be PAC-TIVE” with PAC-MAN in 2021!
Following the S.H.Figuarts figure, PAC-MAN joins the Chogokin and PROPLICA series!
PAC-MAN™ Gold and Silver Coins | history |
https://www.stjohnaugustine.co.uk/history-2/ | 2022-01-17T07:29:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300343.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117061125-20220117091125-00177.warc.gz | 0.98593 | 413 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__115459092 | en | Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the history of the world. It lasted for over 3000 years from 3150 BC to 30 BC.
The Nile River
The civilization of Ancient Egypt was located along the Nile River in northeast Africa. The Nile was the source of much of the Ancient Egypt's wealth. Great Egyptian cities grew up along the Nile as the Egyptian people became experts in irrigation and were able to use the water from the Nile to grow rich and profitable crops. The Nile provided food, soil, water, and transportation for the Egyptians. Great floods would come each year and would provide fertile soil for growing food.
Historians usually group the history of Ancient Egypt into three major kingdoms called the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. It was during these times that Ancient Egypt was at its strongest. The times between the Kingdoms are called intermediate periods.
Ancient Egypt was rich in culture including government, religion, arts, and writing. The government and religion were tied together as the leader of the government, the Pharaoh, was also leader of the religion. Writing was also important in keeping the government running. Only scribes could read and write and they were considered powerful people.
Pyramids and Treasure
The Pharaohs of Egypt were often buried in giant pyramids or in secret tombs. They believed that they needed treasure to be buried with them to help them in the afterlife. As a result, archeologists have a lot of well preserved artifacts and tombs to examine in order to find out how the Ancient Egyptians lived.
End of the Empire
The Ancient Egyptian Empire began to weaken in about 700 BC. It was conquered by a number of other civilizations. The first to conquer Egypt was the Assyrian Empire, followed a hundred or so years later by the Persian Empire. In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Greece conquered Egypt and set up his own ruling family called the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Finally, the Romans came in 30 BC and Egypt became a province of Rome. | history |
http://galapagosholidayadventures.com/?ait-dir-item-location=cuenca | 2017-08-22T03:36:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109893.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822031111-20170822051111-00236.warc.gz | 0.860532 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__1944158 | en | 6-DAY THE ANDES AND CASCADE AVENUE – FROM $1,499
A six-day immersion in the Andean World, from Quito, along the Avenue of the Volcanoes, Riobamba, Devil Nose Train, and Colonial Cuenca. Enjoy the spectacular scenery of the Andes, with visits to centenary Haciendas, fertile fields of vegetables and roses, in close contact with the local culture. This is a journey along the history, the spirituality, the flavors, the customs, traditions, and legends of the Andean Region.
Showing 1 from 1 Items | history |
https://www.ask-aladdin.com/all-destinations/egypt/category/egypt-tombs/page/yuya-tuya-valley-of-the-kings-kv-46 | 2023-10-03T14:54:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511106.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003124522-20231003154522-00589.warc.gz | 0.957376 | 717 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__119359008 | en | Yuya and Tuya: Unearthing the Secrets of KV46 in the Valley of the Kings
The Valley of the Kings, one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world, continues to captivate historians, archaeologists, and visitors alike with its deep-seated secrets and stunning royal tombs. Among these ancient wonders, KV46, the final resting place of Yuya and Tuya, holds a special place for its remarkable preservation and the wealth of information it offers about the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Who were Yuya and Tuya?
Yuya and Tuya were not pharaohs, but their influence and status in ancient Egyptian society were unquestionable. Yuya served as a key advisor to Pharaoh Amenhotep III, while Tuya held the important position of the chief queen's mother. Their daughter, Queen Tiye, was the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep III and the mother of Akhenaten, making them the grandparents of the famed boy-king, Tutankhamun.
The Discovery of KV46
The tomb of Yuya and Tuya, designated KV46, was discovered by James E. Quibell and his team in 1905, under the auspices of Theodore M. Davis. Located in the Valley of the Kings, the tomb is rather modest compared to the grandeur of pharaohs' tombs. Yet, it remains significant due to its exceptional condition at the time of discovery.
Much to the surprise of Quibell and his team, the tomb was almost intact, with only minor disturbances caused by tomb robbers. This rarity offered a unique glimpse into the burial practices of high-status individuals during the 18th Dynasty.
Inside KV46: A Journey Through Time
Upon entering KV46, one is transported back in time, into the world of ancient Egypt. The tomb consists of a staircase leading to a corridor, followed by a burial chamber where the mummies of Yuya and Tuya were found in their original coffins. The walls, though devoid of the elaborate decorations found in royal tombs, emanate a profound sense of history.
The burial chamber was filled with a variety of funerary goods, including furniture, food offerings, alabaster vases, and golden funerary masks, reflecting the high status of Yuya and Tuya. Perhaps most striking were the anthropoid (human-shaped) coffins of Yuya and Tuya, made from wood and covered in gold. Yuya's mummy was found to be remarkably well-preserved, providing invaluable insights into ancient Egyptian mummification techniques.
The Legacy of Yuya and Tuya
The discovery of KV46 greatly enriched our understanding of the 18th Dynasty. The artifacts found in the tomb have provided invaluable insights into the funerary practices, religious beliefs, and artistic styles of the period. Moreover, the DNA analysis conducted on the mummies of Yuya and Tuya has helped clarify the complex familial relationships within the 18th Dynasty royal family.
In conclusion, KV46, the tomb of Yuya and Tuya, serves as a testament to the grandeur and complexity of ancient Egypt. Although they were not royalty, the respect and reverence afforded to Yuya and Tuya in their burial practices speak volumes about their significant roles in the royal court. As we continue to unearth and study the secrets of the Valley of the Kings, the legacy of Yuya and Tuya remains etched in the annals of Egypt's rich history. | history |
http://superheroesactionfigures.blogspot.com/ | 2017-04-26T17:36:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121528.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00321-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.864695 | 204 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__114135058 | en | Here are the newest Superman stamps from Canada Post!
The 5 stamps on this Souvenir Sheet showcase the evolution of Superman’s image throughout 75 years of comic book appearances. The illustrations come from:
1939: Superman #1, cover drawn by Joe Shuster
1945: Superman #32, cover drawn by Wayne Boring
1971: Superman #233, cover drawn by Neal Adams
2004: Superman #204, interior image drawn by Jim Lee
2012: Superman Annual #1, cover drawn by Kenneth Rocafort
These postcards feature designs from some of the most memorable comic book covers of the past 75 years!
1939: Superman #1, drawn by Joe Shuster
1939: Action Comics #13, drawn by Joe Shuster
1986: Man of Steel #1 Special Collector’s Edition, drawn by John Byrne
2004: Superman #204, drawn by Jim Lee
2012: Superman Annual #1, drawn by Kenneth Rocafort
Get yours today! | history |
https://www.alaskastories.fathompublishing.com/ | 2024-02-25T14:31:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474617.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225135334-20240225165334-00355.warc.gz | 0.954152 | 644 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__110997739 | en | Alaska's Early Days and History
Alaska Cruise 1909
Cruise Alaska aboard the Steamer Northwestern and discover what it was like to travel to Alaska in the early 1900s. These are the stories told by America’s writers and editors as they visited Alaska’s cities, glaciers, mines and farmlands at the end of the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909.
The original story was written by Bertha Adele Penny, as she shared her personal experience of the trip with friends and family. Her story was shared decades later with Constance Taylor in 1977 and remained in a box of treasures for 42 years. When she rediscovered it in 2019, she knew it needed to be published.
The delightful story, told in the voice of turn-of-the-century America and full of humor as well as poignant beauty, has been compiled and comes to life with vintage photographs, newspaper clippings, and an appendix of articles written by others who shared the grand adventure.
Next Generation Indie Book Award Finalist Memoirs (Historical/Legacy)
Favorite Quotes from Alaska Cruise 1909
The brilliant mass of color lengthened out into rays, the rosy fingers stretching across the sky formed a luminous arch that spanned the heavens.
At that time there was always a group in the bow of the boat happily gazing at the ever-changing panorama, watching the sapphire water roll in symmetrical waves from either side of the Northwestern’s graceful bow and waiting, waiting for the strangeness and vagueness of an Alaskan twilight.
There is a subtle illusive, intangible something that grips the heart of the visitor to Alaska.
Constance Taylor was given a charming, witty description of a 1909 Alaska cruise aboard the Steamer Northwestern. In publishing that writing, she brought the travelogue vividly to life by adding about 50 photographs of the scenery and towns mentioned. The book is short enough to read once for the words, then again for the photos. Attractively assembled, Alaska Cruise 1909 also has footnotes to explain some terms, an index for easy reference, and an appendix of other writers’ descriptions of the same 1909 cruise.
I liked the entire presentation. The early photos of San Francisco, Seattle and Alaska are historic treasures not often seen in print. The historic content and writing style is refreshing as well as educational. The index makes the content easy to go to quickly, if one is interested in a certain aspect of the journey.
I was captivated from the moment I picked up this story. The writing style and voice is a delightful step back into early 1900's America, and the author has a fascinating blend of wit and poetic description as she writes about her experience travelling to Alaska. She captures the beauty and grandeur of Alaska so that I could almost picture in my mind's eye what she was describing. The vintage photographs and additional perspectives of the trip in the appendix were wonderful additions. This is a great short read, and I am ordering extra copies to send to friends and family.
Customer reviews on Amazon.com.
How to Order
Chat with Connie | history |
https://richardnathanson.co.uk/artists/40-samuel-palmer/works/35/ | 2021-10-26T22:01:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587926.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026200738-20211026230738-00320.warc.gz | 0.871359 | 258 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__132627597 | en | 28 1/8 x 20 1/4 ins
Alfred Palmer, the artist’s son.
His sale at Christies [24.5.09, lot 118]
Sampson, acquired at the above sale.
Christies Anon sale, [25.5.1936, lot 109].
F.R.Meatyard, acquired at the above sale.
Leger Galleries, 1937.
Henry Reitlinger, acquired from the above.
Sotheby’s, sale of Reitlinger collection [27.1.1954, lot 124].
Agnews, acquired at above sale.
Acquired from the above by the father of the present owners in 1954.
The British Museum, London, Samuel Palmer, Bicentenary Exhibition, October 2005 – January 2006.
The Metropolitan Museum, New York, Samuel Palmer, Bicentenary Exhibition, March – May 2006.
The above exhibitions represent the first major showing of Palmer’s work since 1926.
Raymond Lister, Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of Samuel Palmer, 1988. Reproduced Plate.178.
The exhibition catalogue for the British Museum bicentenary exhibition mentioned below [reproduced in colour]. | history |
https://guidememo.com/nikko-toshogu/ | 2024-04-23T21:48:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818740.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423192952-20240423222952-00013.warc.gz | 0.943771 | 1,276 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__43337835 | en | n Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture, there is a shrine called Nikko Toshogu, which is dedicated to Ieyasu Tokugawa, the first shogun of Edo period.
Futarasan Shrine, Rinnoji Temple, and the mountain forest around the shrine are both registered as UNESCO World Heritage sites.
This article introduces Nikko Toshogu Shrine, where Tokugawa Ieyasu’s tomb is located, and its highlights.
- About Nikko Toshogu Shrine
- Highlights of Nikko Toshogu Shrine
- Nikko Toshogu Trivia
- Access and Parking at Nikko Toshogu Shrine
About Nikko Toshogu Shrine
Nikko has been a sacred place for mountain worship since ancient times
Nikko has long been a sacred place for mountain worship, with Mt. Nantai (another name for Futarasan) under the patronage of the Minamoto clan, the mountain was worshipped by the samurai.
Nikko Toshogu Shrine was built by Iemitsu
Ieyasu Tokugawa, the first shogun of Edo period, left a will that he wanted to watch over the Shogunate from Nikko after his death, and was honored at Nikko Toshogu Shrine.
Nikko Toshogu Shrine was built by Ieyasu’s grandson, the third shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu, for Ieyasu.
Iemitsu himself is enshrined at Rinnoji Temple in Nikko, a five-minute walk from Toshogu Shrine.
Highlights of Nikko Toshogu Shrine
After passing through the stone torii gate and walking down the street to the front gate, you will see the colorful five-story pagoda on your left.
The five-story pagoda of Nikko Toshogu is 36 meters high and is designated as an important cultural property.
After paying the entrance fee and passing through the front gate of Nikko Toshogu, you will first come to a square with three Shinto vaults, a Shinkyu-sha stable, and a Omizuya.
The Shinkyu-sha stable is where the horses of the gods are kept.
The five-story pagoda in front of the front gate alone is a conspicuous enough building, but once you enter the front gate of Toshogu, an even more glittering world opens up before you.
As far as the eye can see, there are brightly colored sculptures carved into the buildings of the shrine.
Among the sculptures of Nikko Toshogu Shrine, the sculpture of the three monkeys, “see no evil,” “hear no evil,” and “speak no evil,” in the Shnkyo-sha stables are the most famous.
The Yomeimon Gate, which is said to be the most gorgeous and ornate in Nikko Toshogu, has a total of 508 carvings of imaginary animals and figures.
The Yomeimon Gate is called the “Higurashi-no-mon” because one could look at it until sundown and never get tired of it.
Worship Hall and Main Hall
After passing through the Yomeimon gate, you will see the main shrine. To visit the shrine, you must first take off your shoes, enter the hall of worship, listen to a talk by the priest of Toshogu, and then visit the main shrine.
After the main shrine, we went to the inner sanctuary, where Ieyasu Tokugawa’s grave is located. To get to the inner sanctuary, you must first pass through the Sakashita-mon Gate on the right side of the main shrine.
At the Sakashita-mon gate, there is a carving of the famous “Sleeping Cat,” but it is so small that some people may miss it. Please pay attention to the direction indicated by the arrow.
Visit the inner shrine where Ieyasu Tokugawa is buried
Climbing the long stone stairs leading to the inner sanctuary, you will come to the tomb where Ieyasu Tokugawa is buried at Nikko Toshogu Shrine. The pagoda in the center is made of an alloy of gold, silver, and copper.
Compared to the splendor of the Yomei-mon gate, the inner shrine is a quiet and serene place.
Nikko Toshogu Trivia
How many Toshogu shrines are there in Japan?
Toshogu refers to a shrine dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Toshogu shrines exist not only in Nikko, but all over Japan.
It is said that at one time, nearly 700 Toshogu shrines were built, of which only 130 remain today.
Where are the tombs of the shoguns of the Edo period?
It is well known that Ieyasu Tokugawa and Iemitsu Tokugawa are buried in Nikko, but where are the graves of the shoguns of the Edo period other than Ieyasu and Iemitsu?
The shoguns of the Edo period are not buried in Nikko. The shoguns are buried at Zojoji Temple in Minato Ward, Tokyo and Kan-eiji Temple in Taito Ward, Tokyo.
Only the last shogun of the Edo Shogunate, Yoshinobu Tokugawa, is buried at Yanaka Cemetery in Taito Ward, Tokyo.
Access and Parking at Nikko Toshogu Shrine
Arriving at Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 2.5 hours from Tokyo
|If you go by train, it takes about 30 minutes by foot or 7 minutes by bus from Tobu Nikko Station or JR Nikko Station to Nikko Toshogu Shrine.
|Nikko Official Guide
|Paid parking available | history |
https://www.hawkgriffin.com/about/ | 2023-09-22T08:46:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506339.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922070214-20230922100214-00703.warc.gz | 0.920268 | 237 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__30100180 | en | Hawk & Griffin brings the character of a traditional British pub experience to Vienna, Virginia. Our design and décor transport patrons back to the Edwardian era (1900-1918). Come in and enjoy our uniquely British menu along with our selection of British style beers and spirits while enjoying live music, premier sports viewing or a friendly game of darts. The message in our entry foyer is our promise. “There are no strangers here. Only friends you have not yet met”
Inspiration for the name comes from the community itself. The hawk represents the Madison High School mascot (Warhawk) and the griffin represents the GC Marshall High School mascot. These local schools have a long-standing rivalry that brings the community together.
Hawk and Griffin boasts two cozy “snugs”. The traditional pub snug was a small lounge area for patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Women, clergy and the local police officer could enjoy a discreet pint of ale or nip of gin. Snugs also became the meeting space for local matchmaking where marriages would be arranged. | history |
http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/25940 | 2019-07-19T04:41:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525974.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190719032721-20190719054721-00000.warc.gz | 0.847526 | 251 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__160780709 | en | BERNARDINO DE RIBERA’S COMPOSITIONAL SUMMARY: TOLEDO POLYPHONIC CODEX NUMBER 6
Año del Documento
Bernardino de Ribera (ca. 1520 – 1580) was a highly recognized maestro de capilla in the sixteenth century Spain. Nevertheless, his actual status is highly associated with the great figure of Tomás Luis de Victoria, since it seems that both coincided in their years spent at Ávila, Ribera as a consolidated master, Victoria as a young choirboy. The present study analyses the large choirbook that Ribera himself charged as a present for the cathedral of Toledo. The article examines the history of the manuscript (mutilated some years after its making because of the value of its illuminations), the construction of the Codex and the repertoire contained within, showing the importance of some neglected figures like Bernardino, a significant composer that deserves more consideration by himself.
Bernardino de Ribera
Departamento de Musicología
Files in this item
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | history |
http://watsonlv.net/corris.shtml | 2017-09-26T14:25:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696182.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926141625-20170926161625-00467.warc.gz | 0.717585 | 684 | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__65343826 | en | The Corris Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Corris) is a narrow gauge preserved railway based in Corris on the border between Merionethshire (now Gwynedd) and Montgomeryshire (now Powys) in Mid-Wales.
The line opened in 1859, and originally ran from Derwenlas, south east of Machynlleth north to Corris and on to Aberllefenni. Branches served the slate quarries at Corris Uchaf, Aberllefenni, the isolated quarries around Ratgoed and quarries along the length of the Dulas Valley.
The railway closed in 1948, but a preservation society was formed in 1966, initially opening a museum; a short section of line between Corris and Maespoeth was re-opened to passengers in 2002. The railway now operates as a tourist attraction. A new steam locomotive was built for the railway, which was delivered in 2005. The two surviving locomotives, plus some of the original rolling stock, are preserved on the nearby Talyllyn Railway.
The gauge of the railway is 2 ft 3 in (686 mm). (Wikipedia)
|COR1 MAIN ROUTE|
|m||c||m||c||place||slate, open||slate, closed||passenger,|
|8||43||Capel Ratgoed (Tramway)||1/4/1859||20/8/1948|
|6||8||Matthew Mill Siding||1/4/1859||20/8/1948|
|4||22||49||Maespoeth Junction, with COR2||1/4/1859||20/8/1948||MAESPOETH||3/6/2002|
|58||Current end of line|
|2||40||TAN-Y-COED - proposed end of line||?|
|38||FRIDD GATE HALT||1/4/1859||20/8/1948||7/1887||1/1/1931|
|Cambrian Railway over bridge||1/4/1859||1864|
|Ysgol Bro Ddfyfi (footpath)||1/4/1859||1864|
|CEI WARD (Morben)||1/4/1859||1864|
|CWI GOGH (Carreg)||1/4/1859||1864|
|COR2 UPPER CORRIS TRAMWAY|
|1||58||End of line||1/4/1859||1941|
|60||Braichgoch and Gwaewern Quarries||1/4/1859||1941|
|0||Maespoeth Junction, with COR1||1/4/1859||1941|
The author - Leslie (Lez) V Watson - has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
I use Chrome web browser and Notepad++ script editor.
v18.9 :: August 2017 | history |
http://www.litup.org.uk/visit-bridlington/ | 2017-07-24T06:30:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424756.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724062304-20170724082304-00426.warc.gz | 0.929644 | 243 | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__191463493 | en | Set in fifty acres of stunning parkland, this historic country house and estate has a great deal to offer to visitors of all ages.
With breathtaking views of the East Yorkshire coast, the house and gardens have something for everyone whatever the season, offering a beautiful and inspiring venue for our Poetry Festival events.
Sewerby Hall and Gardens
Built between 1220 and 1425 as the Parish Church of St. John and St. Martin, Beverley Minster is an iconic venue offering spectacular features both inside and out and is regarded as one of the best surviving examples of gothic art.
Jeremy Fletcher has been the vicar at Beverley Minster since 2009 and has welcomed festival events as an opportunity not only to showcase the magnificent building but also to welcome new audiences to the Minster.
Minster Yard South
Built between 1890 and 1892, and extended in 1901, Toll Gavel United Church is a very active church set in the heart of Beverley which has welcomed festival events from both Beverley and Bridlington for many years.
The church offers a warm and welcoming venue with an impressive array of stained glass windows and traditional church organ.
Toll Gavel United Church | history |
http://ux.northjersey.com/story/news/morris/lincoln-park/2017/03/08/lincoln-park-mayor-named-elected-officials-hof/98915204/ | 2018-06-18T23:08:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861456.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20180618222556-20180619002556-00102.warc.gz | 0.976643 | 359 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__167012279 | en | Join the Conversation
To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs
Lincoln Park mayor named to elected officials' HOF
LINCOLN PARK—Mayor David Runfeldt has been named to the New Jersey League of Municipalities Elected Officials Hall of Fame. The league also named him to its Mayors Hall of Fame in the fall.
First elected to borough council in 1997 as a representative of Ward 2, Runfeldt was elected mayor in 2007 when his predecessor David Baker stepped down, said Municipal Clerk Cynthia Sloane, who nominated Runfeld.
To qualify for the hall, a candidate has to be nominated and have served as 20 years in elected office. Runfeldt is a chiropractor and has lived in town for 35 years.
"I do believe I am the only one from Lincoln Park to have been named to both the mayor's hall of fame as well as the elected officials'," he said.
Runfeldt joins a number of other prominent and long-serving elected officials in the Elected Officials Hall of Fame including Lincoln Park Ward 4 Councilman James Wild. Also in the Hall are former Pequannock Councilwoman Ruth Spellman, Butler's former Mayor Joseph Heywang, former Riverdale Councilman Joseph Falkoski and former Councilman and Mayor William Budesheim, Wanaque's longtime mayor, the late Warren Hagstrom, Ringwood's Walter Davison and Kinnelon's former Councilman Anthony La Marca and long-time former Mayor Glenn Sisco. (Sisco was recently appointed to the Kinnelon Council to fill an unexpired term. He served as mayor from 1968 to 2012.)
"It is of course a great honor to be named," Runfeldt said. | history |
https://www.kmstudio.gr/ama-lachei | 2024-04-19T05:49:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817289.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419043820-20240419073820-00699.warc.gz | 0.950161 | 233 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__33040140 | en | project: transformation of existing facility to a restaurant
location: Athens, Greece
floor area: 500 m2
400 m2 (courtyard)
year: 2013, 2017
construction: km architecture studio
artwork (wall-cut): teokon design
photos: Lef Tetris, B. Giritziotis
This listed two-storey building, located in a historic neighbourhood of Athens center, dates from late 19th century and was initially designed and functioned (until 1981) as an elementary school. The project involved the renovation of the restaurant, which was established here in the mid 1980s.
The concept was to preserve and highlight the architectural style and the original interior arrangement of the building, along with the unique courtyard (rarely encountered in buildings of Athens centre).
It is the building’s simplicity of geometric form, the distinctive interior space (wide and tall classrooms separated by impressive doors) and the courtyard’s imposing size that implement the quality of intervention, which focuses mainly on removing any additions or alterations and maintaining characteristic elements of the original ... | history |
https://aspiritedlife.com/2008/05/drawing-on-the-past-globe-and-mail/ | 2024-02-27T11:00:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474674.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227085429-20240227115429-00022.warc.gz | 0.976743 | 287 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__145902806 | en | In Amsterdam, a museum exhibit titled Superheroes and Schlemiels shows how Jews turned to graphic novels to tell their stories
By ALEXANDRA HUDSON
Reuters News Agency
April 29, 2008 at 3:28 AM EDT
A large part of the exhibition, titled Superheroes and Schlemiels, is devoted to artist Will Eisner, showing his comic strips and large-scale drawings as well as pages from his later graphic novels.
Eisner co-founded the first American comic strip production studio in 1936 and created the masked crime fighter the Spirit in 1940, but he is also credited with creating the first long-form comic in 1978, which he termed a “graphic novel.”
“That created a cultural space,” said Couch, helping to gain the graphic novel respect in the 1970s and launching a canon of works in that format exploring Jewish history and personal experience.
By printing “graphic novel” on his 1978 work, Eisner also gained access to the U.S. public library market, then closed to comics.
The exhibition, which shows the work of about 40 comic-strip artists, also includes pages from Spiegelman’s 1986 graphic novel Maus, an award-winning book exploring the generational conflict between Holocaust survivors and their children, and where the Jews are drawn as mice and the Nazis as cats. | history |
https://www.cebeco-group.com/en/about-us | 2022-06-27T17:46:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103337962.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220627164834-20220627194834-00370.warc.gz | 0.944693 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__79914113 | en | Cebeco is one of the oldest companies in Lithuania, established in 1993, just after the Independence.
The company was founded by Carl Berneheim - one of the first Swedish businessmen to establish operations in the Baltics.
Within a few years, Cebeco grew to be one of the top suppliers of pulpwood exporting by ships from Klaipeda port. This part of operations was later sold to BillerudKorsnäs in Sweden.
Other activities included and successfully continue to this day are timber impregnation, drying, and pole production.
In 2018 construction operations were added as a result of new management coming on board that came with long-term expertise in this field.
Our production facility is located in a strategically convenient location, close to a highway halfway between Vilnius and Kaunas.
UAB Cebeco grupe
Kalniniu g. 8
LT-26131 Elektrenu sav.
Google coordinates: 54.8001076, 24.6190809
Tel.: +370 346 42321
Company code: 211551010
VAT code: LT115510113 | history |
http://galleries.realclearpolitics.com/gallery/nationwide_day_protest/slideshow/Egyptian_policemen_march_with_opponents_of_Egypt's_Islamist_President_Mohammed_Morsi_in_Cairo%2C/0ejzdoe2KB6K6 | 2014-12-19T18:08:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768831.100/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00038-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.956966 | 110 | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-52__0__25694365 | en | Egyptian protesters hold a banner in Tahrir Square during a demonstration against Egypt's Islamist President Mohammed Morsi in Cairo, Sunday, June 30, 2013. Hundreds of thousands of opponents of Egypt's Islamist president poured onto the streets in Cairo and across much of the nation Sunday, launching an all-out push to force Mohammed Morsi from office on the one-year anniversary of his inauguration. Fears of violence were high, with Morsi's Islamist supporters vowing to defend him.
Credit: Amr Nabil/AP
Date: Jun 30, 2013 | history |
https://www.gfparks.org/parks-facilities/veterans-memorial-park/ | 2024-03-04T00:46:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476409.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304002142-20240304032142-00641.warc.gz | 0.942724 | 642 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__129787380 | en | Through community philanthropy and the tireless work of local veterans and the VMP Committee, the Veterans Memorial Park was built as an outdoor gathering place for veterans, military members, families, and community members to celebrate, recognize, remember, and honor the lives of those who are serving or have served in the United States Military.
Veterans Memorial Park Features
- Five Obelisks representing each of the five branches of military service
- Educational Memorial Granite Wall with laser-etched images depicting the American veteran role from the first wars and conflicts to the latest electronic warfare
- Visitor Center with interactive educational kiosk and restrooms
- Anchor from the USS Kiska, a Navy ammunition ship that saw service during the Vietnam War
- Walk of Honor* – Path of memorial stones to honor loved ones who have served or are currently serving*
- Park Benches for meditation & reflection
- Park Shelters for gatherings and events
- Future development incorporating additional military equipment
Brief History of the Park
The Veterans Memorial Park vision began a number of years ago with a veteran named Roger Westerso. He envisioned a park with a wall and various sculptures complemented by five pillars, each representing a branch of the military. A portion of his artwork was added to a Harley Davidson chopper which became the “Veterans Memorial Bike”. Don Purpur and John Hanson met at the 2011 Red River Valley Motorcyclists Show where the bike was on display.
Don and John began a discussion on the importance of building a Veterans Memorial Park (VMP). Our community has a rich military tradition from the North Dakota National Guard’s 164th Infantry dating back to 1885, the Grand Forks Air Force Base dating back to the 1950’s, and the thousands of community members who have served or are serving honorably in the military throughout the world.
Prominent support began with the Grand Forks Park District, the Grand Forks Parks & Recreation Foundation, the Red River Valley Motorcyclists, the City of Grand Forks, veteran organizations, and local veterans. The Grand Forks Park District generously offered the land at 2357 S 34th St, for the VMP and a groundbreaking was held on July 8, 2015. The Anchor from the U.S.S. Kiska was placed in the VMP on August 22, 2016.
Beginning in 2017, the VMP Officers and Committee Members under Chair Gen Al Palmer came together to make a vision a reality. Gen Palmer, Gary Shields, and Mike Hagen with their major fundraising activities, have led to the installation of: The Memorial Wall, the five Obelisks, the five shelters, the five Service Benches, the 15 Park Benches, the Gen Al Palmer Visitor Center, and the Donor Recognition Wall. Planning for the installation of General Atomics “Reaper”, a Northrop Grumman “Global Hawk” and a B-52 Bomber is underway.
As the Veterans Memorial Park Committee pursued the vision, donations from numerous patriotic individuals, families, businesses, and organizations have made this beautiful park a destination location. | history |
https://www.white.de/pt/for-true-gentlemens/ | 2022-11-27T15:58:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710409.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127141808-20221127171808-00371.warc.gz | 0.952143 | 810 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__93437180 | en | Jeremy Hackett, always the perfect gentleman.
FOR TRUE GENTLEMENMENSWEAR AS AN OUTLOOK
Distinctive luxury for the modern bon vivant. HACKETT
isn’t just a gentlemen’s outfitter, it’s an outlook on life –
expressed in the form of classic design, fine details and superb
IT WAS THEIR LOVE of traditional British men’s clothing that brought Jeremy Hackett and Ashley Lloyd-Jennings together when they met at London’s famous Portobello Road flea market in 1979. Later that year, the two of them went into business together, selling upmarket second-hand menswear at the same market. Four years later, they took the plunge and opened their first store. Here too, they started off selling high-quality traditional British clothing and accessories – all of it preloved. In 1985, the two founders decided to produce their first own collection. It was the birth of the HACKETT brand as we know it today.
And yet HACKETT’s confidently stylish aura and classic design paired with the finest materials tend to conjure up the idea of a traditional, old-established company that has grown over many decades and been handed down from one generation to the next. This image is further cultivated by the brand’s nostalgic-looking logo, which consists of a bowler hat and two umbrellas.
HACKETT’s rise to global prestige was a rapid one. In the late 1980s, a growing number of anglophile Europeans began to discover their love of British clothing. Stores opened in Madrid and Paris, and in 1992 HACKETT stepped onto a new and prestigious stage with its flagship store in London’s Sloane Street. But it was in 2005 that its global expansion really gained momentum: more and more stores were opened, giving the luxury brand a presence not only in numerous European countries but in Japan, South Africa, Kuwait, Dubai and Tokyo as well.
His clothing and accessories are renowned all over the world.
In the meantime, the modern gentleman with a penchant for British style can purchase his entire wardrobe from HACKETT, including accessories. There are three lines to choose from: Mayfair, the premium range with clear-cut shapes – superb shirts, blazers and suits, as well as chinos, jeans and leather jackets for the weekend; the casually elegant leisure collection, which goes by the name of London; and finally the Sport line, designed for the “urban athlete”.
And if customers’ male offspring want to dress just like daddy, there’s the Essential British Kids collection as well.
In 1987, a sponsorship enquiry from two army officers prompted the brand to start making sportswear. It was the beginning of the Hackett Polo Team, and the shirts were so popular that they soon went on sale in the stores too.
Jeremy Hackett’s label dresses such
internationally famous world-class players and
teams as Aston Martin Racing, the British Army
Polo Team and Chelsea Football Club.
Today sports sponsorship plays an important role at HACKETT, because Jeremy Hackett’s schedule echoes the sporting diary of the British upper classes: polo, rowing and rugby are a tradition in England, as are racing, football and tennis. This has led to a succession of new partnerships that have influenced the style of the collections. Jeremy Hackett’s label dresses such internationally famous world-class players and teams as Aston Martin Racing, the British Army Polo Team and Chelsea Football Club.
For the last five years, HACKETT has also been the official outfitter of the prestigious EE British Academy Film Awards. A perfect alliance in view of everything the brand has in common with the event: success, style and tradition. | history |
https://bundesstiftung-bauakademie.de/en/ | 2023-12-10T19:12:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102637.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210190744-20231210220744-00181.warc.gz | 0.961673 | 1,559 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__303114711 | en | Building the Future
An institution in the making. A building in the making. The Bauakademie.
What is the Bauakademie?
The Bauakademie is both an institution and a building. The institution was founded in 1799 in Berlin as a state educational institution for the training of architects and civil engineers. In 1836 the Bauakademie moved into its own building, which was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The building was in the historic center of Berlin, within proximity of the Royal Palace. Schinkel’s Bauakademie building was one of the most significant and influential works in the history of European architecture. It was torn down in 1962.
When was the Federal Bauakademie Foundation established?
In 2016 the German Bundestag resolved to reconstruct the Bauakademie, and in 2019 it established a nonprofit foundation to do so. The Federal Bauakademie Foundation has the mandate to manage the construction of the building and develop an educational and outreach program. As a forum for innovative construction and sustainable urban development, the Bauakademie is set to once again become a pioneering institution.
What significance does Schinkel’s Bauakademie building have in architectural history?
The building pointed the way for modern construction. It was one of Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s principal works and also his most innovative project. The clarity of its plan, the compact overall form, and its construction principles were far ahead of their time. The building was a cube-like block with four equal sides. The facades were subdivided in a grid and dominated by large windows and protruding piers. The skeletal structure was very modern: instead of solid walls, the Bauakademie had a system of freestanding piers that were braced together with iron struts. Wall panels, windows and ceiling vaults were inserted in the spaces between the structure. Equally modern was the building’s incorporation of sliding windows and central heating.
How did the Bauakademie building influence modern architecture?
The skeletal structure of the building accommodated the new industrial production methods of the time. Thanks to the uniform grid, many building elements could be mass-produced in advance. This innovation continues to shape architecture right up to the present. The Bauakademie was also the first prestigious government building with a facade made entirely of unplastered bricks. Brick technology would later be widely adopted for public buildings. Many schools, hospitals, military barracks and office buildings were built this way. Schinkel advanced brick construction into an exceptional art form. In order to enliven the large wall surfaces, he used colored glazed brick courses and decorative terracotta reliefs, giving the brick walls a delicate and lively appearance.
What other works did Schinkel create?
Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841) was one of the most important architects of the 19th century and strongly influenced the construction activity in the Kingdom of Prussia. His built works in Berlin include the Neue Wache (New Guardhouse), the Altes Museum (Old Museum), the Schauspielhaus (Theater, now Konzerthaus Berlin) and the Friedrichswerder Church. Some of his designs were never realized, including a design for a large department store on the boulevard Unter den Linden. Schinkel worked as an art theorist and art expert and as an exhibition organizer and product designer. He painted landscape panoramas and other works on canvas, and he designed furniture and stage sets. His most famous stage designs were those he created for Mozart’s “Magic Flute.”
How was the Bauakademie building used?
In the first half century after it opened, the Bauakademie was primarily dedicated to the training of architects. The number of students grew from 26 in 1836 to nearly 800 in 1870. Because the spaces in the Schinkel building could no longer accommodate the demand, the Bauakademie moved in 1885 to the campus of the Technische Hochschule (now TU Berlin) in Berlin-Charlottenburg. The Bauakademie building also housed the Oberbaudeputation, Prussia’s highest building authority. As director of this government agency, Schinkel himself lived on the top floor of the building until his death. There were retail shops on the ground floor, which Schinkel envisioned would generate rental income to help defray the construction costs. After the Bauakademie moved out, the building housed various museums, research facilities and educational institutions.
What institutions were located in the building after the Bauakademie moved out?
From 1885 to 1934, the Preussische Messbildanstalt, or Royal Prussian Photogrammetric Institute, had its headquarters here. This state photo archive created an extensive documentation of historical architectural monuments. From 1886 to 1945, the Prussian Meteorological Institute and its very own weather station were based in the Bauakademie. The Royal Collection of Musical Instruments (now the Museum of Musical Instruments) also resided here between 1888 and 1902, as did the University of Berlin’s Historical Seminar from 1908 to 1922. In 1913, the Bildnisgalerie, or Portrait Gallery, opened on the second floor as a branch of the Nationalgalerie (National Gallery) dedicated to its portrait collection. In 1920, the newly founded Deutsche Hochschule für Politik, or German Academy for Politics, which specialized in providing nonpartisan training to political scientists, moved in. The National Socialists transformed the school into an educational institution that supported the regime, one that was later affiliated with the University of Berlin. In 1938, the art historian and museum director Paul Ortwin Rave set up his office in the Bauakademie, which then became the center of Schinkel research.
Why was the Bauakademie demolished?
In February 1945, the building burned after a bombing raid. The roof and most of the floors collapsed. After 1950, the East Berlin authorities aspired to reconstruct the building. The goal was to establish the official seat of the newly founded Deutsche Bauakademie (German Building Academy, later: Building Academy of the GDR) here. The reconstruction, which began in 1952, progressed rapidly at first. By 1953, it was already possible to celebrate the topping-out ceremony. But the interior work stalled. New plans called for the area to undergo a “socialist transformation.” The new building for the East German Foreign Ministry was now slated to be erected on part of the Bauakademie site. So the GDR government had the Bauakademie torn down in 1962, despite protests from home and abroad.
How did the commitment to reconstruction evolve?
After reunification in 1990, civic initiatives with construction- and architecture-related use concepts formed to advocate for reconstruction of the Bauakademie. In 2002, it proved possible to erect a full-size mock-up of a corner of the building. A prototype building, the so-called Red Hall, was opened in the middle of the site to accommodate information sessions. Between 2004 and 2019, a giant facsimile printed on tarpaulins replicated the former appearance of the Bauakademie. These initiatives led to the resolution by the German Bundestag to reconstruct the Bauakademie and to establish the Bauakademie Foundation. | history |
http://pisethkham.com/tag/public-speaking/ | 2018-01-24T09:26:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893629.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124090112-20180124110112-00019.warc.gz | 0.94778 | 223 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__248760958 | en | Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, “That was their finest hour”
– Speech to the British People, 1940
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight in the seas and oceans…we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for the moment I believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle until, in God’s good time, the new world, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the world.
– Speech to the House of Commons, 1940 | history |
http://don-gaspar-inn-santa-fe.booked.net/ | 2017-02-21T23:15:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170864.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00351-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.934473 | 136 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__93849859 | en | Don Gaspar Inn welcomes guests in the heart of Santa Fe meters away from galleries and the chapel. Founded in 1916, the hotel underwent a renovation in 1992.
The property offers quiet location at a close proximity to New Mexico State Capitol (Roundhouse), Museum of Indian Arts & Culture and Loretto Chapel. Don Gaspar Inn is also located near Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, The Plaza and San Miguel Mission.
Guests can reach Don Gaspar Inn by car from Santa Fe airport in 20 minutes.
This central hotel provides individual rooms equipped with a refrigerator, a patio and a microwave.
Eat & Drink
A complimentary breakfast is served every morning. | history |
https://mtbhome.com/mountain-biking/history/ | 2020-01-22T05:20:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250606696.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122042145-20200122071145-00254.warc.gz | 0.973005 | 587 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__100908690 | en | The history of mountain biking is short compared to many sports. Bicycles have been around for a few hundred years, but it wasn’t until the second half of the 20th century that we reached a critical mass of adventurers exploring mountains on their bikes.
The Birth of Mountain Biking
People started using bicycles for mountain transportation shortly after biking was invented. In fact, the Buffalo Soldiers of Montana invented bikepacking in 1896 when they created the 25th Infantry Experimental Bicycle Corps. They hoped to replace horses with bikes for two reasons. Bikes don’t need to eat and they can’t get scared or killed during battle.
In the 1960s, people started building bikes specifically to go into the mountains. That’s also when people started to mountain bike because it was fun. Crested Butte, along with Marin County and Cupertino in California, burst onto the mountain biking scene with their bikers pushing the limits of what bikes could do.
Klunkers and Pearl Pass
Crested Butte’s claim to fame in the mountain biking world during the 1970s rested on two things: “klunkers” and the Pearl Pass Mountain Bike Tour.
Crested Butte residents tinkered with their bikes, modifying a mix of road bikes, motorcycle parts, junkers, and the occasional bit of flare. They called these creations Crested Butte Klunkers. They didn’t have lofty goals for these klunkers. Instead they were just hoping for something that could handle our potholed main street. But once they had klunkers, Buttians started to venture farther from town and higher into the mountains.
In September of 1976, the Crested Butte Klunker riders decided to make the trek to Aspen over Pearl Pass. Those who were there say it was to get back at the Aspen men for riding their motorcycles to Crested Butte to steal our women. After word got out about the tour, the Marin County cyclists started bringing their fancy California bikes to Crested Butte to attempt the annual Pearl Pass tour. At that time it was the gnarliest terrain bikers were able to ride and a great way to test the latest bike technology.
Since then, we’ve developed over 750 miles of trail in the Gunnison Valley, much of it far more thrilling than Pearl Pass. We have one of the best adaptive mountain biking programs in the United States. And we still tackle Pearl Pass every September on the way to Aspen.
Mountain Bike History Exhibit
Our Crested Butte Mountain Heritage Museum plays tribute to the history of mountain biking in the Gunnison Valley with their mountain bike history exhibit. So while you’re here riding trails, don’t forget to stop in and learn a little bit more about the klunkers. | history |
http://www.arizonapottery.com/item.asp?iid=5759&tag=mexican+talavera | 2018-01-23T01:50:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891705.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123012644-20180123032644-00441.warc.gz | 0.952507 | 370 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__33990625 | en | Arizona Pottery sells one of the largest collection of talavera pottery, garden animals, luminarias, spheres and so much more. We imported directly from the factory to our Tucson warehouse where we ship it across the US to you our beloved customers. So, you see it and you love it but let's talk a bit about what it is and where it comes from.
Talavera is one of the finest ceramics of Mexico and from the Spanish colonial period of rich old world design and colorful heritage. Talavera pottery was first introduced to Mexico by Spanish guild artisans of the colonial perios. Commonly called "majolica" in Spain, Mexican Talavera draws its name from the 16th century Spanish pottery center, Talavera de la Reina.
The process to create Talavera pottery is elaborate and it has basically not changed since the early colonial period when it was first introduced. The first step is to mix black sand and white sand. It is then washed and filtered to keep only the finest particles.
Next it is shaped by hand on a potters wheel, then left to dry for a number of days. Then comes the first firing . The piece is tested to see if any cracks occur. The initial glazing, which creates a milky white background is applied. After this, the design is hand painted. Finally, a second firing to harden the glaze.
One of the most desired things about talavera pottery is the bold bright colors and unique patterns. Since each piece is hand painted they are one of a kind. Everyone knows the look of talavera and it is well loved through out the world.
At Arizona Pottery we try to carry the largest and most unique patterns and designs. | history |
https://www.boothandbooth.co.uk/Peridot.htm | 2018-05-24T07:49:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866107.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524073324-20180524093324-00409.warc.gz | 0.975414 | 212 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__164324559 | en | Today most peridot is mined by Native Americans in Arizona on the San Carlos Reservation. Fine large peridots are found in Myanmar (formerly Burma) and peridot is also mined in China and Sri Lanka.
The Romans called peridot "evening emerald," since its green colour did not darken at night but was still visible by lamplight. Peridot was later often used to decorate mediaeval churches, probably carried back to Europe by the Crusaders. Large peridots, more than 200 carats in size, adorn the shrine of the three magi at the Cologne Cathedral.
Peridot had the power to drive away evil spirits and the power was considered to be even more intense when the stone was set in gold. It was also said to strengthen the power of any medicine drunk from goblets carved from the gemstone.
Peridot is the birthstone for August and the gemstone for the sixteenth wedding anniversary.
Explore our complete peridot jewellery collection! | history |
https://thefancarpet.com/movie_news/icon-film-distribution-unveil-photo-set-poster-set-trailer-toa-frasers-6-days-inspired-1980-iranian-embassy-siege/ | 2019-05-27T05:45:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232261326.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190527045622-20190527071622-00052.warc.gz | 0.948953 | 402 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__130253755 | en | Icon Film Distribution unveil Photo set and Poster set and Trailer for Toa Fraser’s 6 DAYS Inspired by the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege
Ahead of its release this August, The Fan Carpet are delighted to bring you the Trailer, Photo set and Poster set for Toa Fraser's 6 DAYS, courtesy of Icon Film Distribution!
6 Days is a new feature film chronicling the events that took place during the notorious Iranian Embassy siege in London, 1980, when the whole country stopped still and looked on as a tense standoff played out between the British security forces and armed militants, culminating in a dramatic and brutal assault.
Directed by Toa Fraser, the film was shot on location in London’s Knightsbridge. The screenplay was written by acclaimed screenwriter Glenn Standring after extensive research and interviews with various individuals who played a key part in the days leading up to, during, and after the Embassy siege.
The framework for the film largely follows the perspective of three people who played a vital part in the events at the time – Hostage negotiator Max Vernon (played by Mark Strong), the man responsible for communicating with the terrorists inside the building; News Reporter Kate Adie (Abbie Cornish), who was covering the events for the BBC and Rusty Firmin (Jamie Bell), leader of one of the SAS assault teams that entered the Iranian Embassy to end the siege.
In April 1980, six armed gunmen stormed the Iranian Embassy in Princes Gate, London, taking 26 people inside hostage. Over the next six days a tense standoff took place, all the while a group of highly trained soldiers from the SAS prepared for a raid, the likes of which the world had never seen before.
6 Days is a definitive inside account of a historic military operation, where for the first time ever the public witnessed the incredible bravery of the Special Air Service (SAS) in action.
6 DAYS HITS CINEMAS NATIONWIDE ON AUGUST 4 | history |
http://mla2013.thatcamp.org/author/andie/index.html | 2022-09-25T12:05:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334528.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925101046-20220925131046-00563.warc.gz | 0.911601 | 137 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__23117449 | en | - PhD Candidate
- Wayne State University
I am a PhD candidate at Wayne State University working on early modern print culture and history of the book. In my dissertation project, I analyze paratexts designed and authored by printers, publishers, and booksellers, and the ways these paratexts functioned as marketing strategies. I hope this project will lead to creating a database that catalogues all the indexes, prefaces, and dedications I have located. I am definitely a novice at Digital Humanities, but I am eager to talk and learn about new developments, ideas, and projects in the field! | history |
http://www.sixdaywar.co.uk/independent_resources.htm | 2017-02-25T18:36:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171807.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00180-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.840416 | 1,177 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__268197381 | en | The six-day war and resolution 242 - Maurice Ostroff
Watch Michael Oren's complete Shalem Institute lecture on the dramatic history of the Six Day War: 40 Years of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern World.
Video Clips: Michael Oren, Natan Sharansky, Moshe Ya'alon, Martin Kramer and Yossi Klein Halevi offering their expert analyses of the ongoing global ramifications of the Six Day War:
The Global Impact of the Six Day War - Chris Mitchell, CBN News "The Six Day War certainly changed the landscape of the Middle East, but the impact of the war reached far beyond the shifting Middle East borders to places like Moscow, Washington, and the capitals of Europe."
Lessons of the Six-Day War - Ariel Cohen The Heritage Foundation
Remembering The Six-Day War - David Meir Levi Frontepagemage Magazine
www.sixdaywar.org compiled by CAMERA (Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America)
Full account of the dogfight of April 7th 1967
Nasser's Challenge - chapter 21 from Professor Martin Gilbert's book Israel - A History, this chapter republished by kind permission of the author.
The Miraculous Six Day War - commemorating the 40th anniversary a special microsite by IsraelNationalNews (Arutz Sheva)
From the Ammunition Hill to Bint Jbail - Eviathar H. Ben-Zedeff - Global Report
Six-Day War 40th Anniversary Guide - comprehensive documentation, including detailed maps and full speeches. For the media there is also a list with contact details of experts on different aspects of this topic. Recommended!
Security Council Resolution 242 According to its Drafters - exceptionally well-researched, using comments by those who originally drafted this Resolution. It shows that impeccable care had been used to avoid the very misrepresentations that Israel's opponents frequently apply to this document!
Hidden Miracles - the spiritual dimension. Was there more than simply superb planning and execution that allowed Israel to destroy the Egyptian air force so rapidly?
The Six-Day War and the Mid-East Peace Process - Cameron S. Brown, Deputy Director of the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya. - useful brief analysis. April 18 2007.
The Six-Day War: 40 Years On - Dr. Jonathan Spyer, Research Fellow at the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya. - brief summary of long-term impact of the war.
The Six-Day War: Israel’s defensive pre-emptive strike - David Meir-Levi. Some commentators have suggest Nasser's actions in dismissing the UN buffer force, moving vast concentrations of troops and armour to the Sinai, closing the Straits of Tiran and issuing clear threats to anihhilate Israel were simply posturing. Had Israel failed to respond, the argument goes, Nasser would have backed down. This excellent article discusses why Israel carried out its pre-emptive strike.
The Six-Day War of 1967: Build-Up to War - Dr Jonathan Spyer, Research Fellow at the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya. [direct link to PDF file] April 18 2007
Six Days War - Wikipedia
NEW Jerusalem 1948-1967 vs. 1967-2007: Comparing the Israeli and Jordanian Record - Linda Machaud-Emin, Research Fellow at the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya. April 18 2007
Six Days in June - William C. Varner: "In six brief and dizzying days, a small but determined civilian army beat incalculable odds and altered the future course of Middle Eastern history. At the same time they gained new respect for a people long thought doomed to humiliating exile among the nations..." Discusses the spiritual implications
What led to the 6 Days War 1967? - www.palestinefacts.org
The Six Day War - Andre Oboler, for Zionism On The Web
The 1967 Six-Day War - Mitchell Bard - Jewish Virtual Library
1967: Why Israel entered the West Bank - www.beyondimages.info
SIX DAYS OF WAR: The Six-Day War - very interesting and informative interview with Michael Oren by the Hoover Institution - page has transcript of the programme along with links to both an audio version (mp3) and streaming video in both WMV and RealMedia formats)
The Mid East: A Century of Conflict: Part 4 The Six Days War 1967 (transcript of NPR programme)
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem meets with Hitler - Youtube clip
The Mideast: A Century of Conflict Part 4: The 1967 Six Day War - NPR (audio and written transcript)
Origins of the Israeli/Palestinian Conflict:The Defining Moment - David Schafer - The Humanist, January/February 2003
A Brief History of Israel and Palestine and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - Ami Isseroff - exceptional balanced overview of Middle East history
Documents relating to the Israeli-Palestinian dispute - comprehensive list of good links
De Zesdaagse Oorlog (5-10 juni 1967) - an account in Dutch of the Six Day War
Radio Days: Michael Elkins - The Six-Day Middle East War (with mp3 audio of report made for CBS by BBC reporter during battle for Jerusalem)
A Paratrooper's Story - Dr. Moshe Amirav His experiences leading up to the battle for Jerusalem | history |
https://www.locustgrove-ga.gov/our-government/boards-commissions/historic-preservation | 2020-06-02T17:39:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347425481.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602162157-20200602192157-00058.warc.gz | 0.836074 | 823 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__5361599 | en | The Historic Preservation Commission as defined in Chapter 14.03 of the Locust Grove Code of Ordinances consists of (5) members appointed by the Mayor and City Council charged with the study and recommendation of historic districts and any historic district overlay regulations, which includes the Certificate of Appropriateness review process for properties within the Historic Preservation District Overlay. The City of Locust Grove was designated in 2014 by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Historic Preservation Division as a Certified Local Government for our outstanding level of commitment to local preservation. Information regarding the Locust Grove National Register District (honorary) and the protected Historic Preservation District Overlay can be found below.
HDPO Ordinance (approved May 2, 2011)
Locust Grove HPDO Design Guidelines – Please note that the HPDO includes only commercial buildings. The included residential guidelines are used for commercial buildings with residential character or features within the commercial district.
2019 Proposed Expansion Nomination Report (adopted December 2, 2019)
Locust Grove Historic District Listed in the National Register of Historic Places (August 3, 2016 Press Release) – This designation allows property owners to become eligible for tax credits to perform restoration work to structures within the district boundaries.
This commission meets on the second Tuesday of each month at 6:00 PM in City Hall.
Please select "All Upcoming" to see the upcoming meeting schedule.
|CANCELLED HPC Meeting||05/12/2020 6:00 PM||Agenda:HPC May 2020 Cancel notice||Not Included|
|CANCELLED HPC Meeting||04/14/2020 6:00 PM||Agenda:HPC April 2020 Cancel notice||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||03/10/2020 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||02/11/2020 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||01/14/2020 6:00 PM||Agenda:01-14-20 HPC Agenda||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||12/10/2019 6:00 PM||Agenda:12-10-19 HPC Notice||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||11/12/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Special Meeting||10/29/2019 6:00 PM||Agenda:10-29-19 HPC Agenda||Not Included|
|HPC Special Meeting||10/21/2019 6:00 PM||Agenda:10-21-19 HPC Agenda Agenda:09-19-19 HPC Resource Report||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||10/08/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||09/10/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting (cancelled)||08/13/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Special Meeting||08/12/2019 6:00 PM||Agenda:08-12-19 HPC Agenda||Not Included|
|HPC Special Meeting||07/23/2019 6:00 PM||Agenda:07-23-19 HPC Agenda||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting (cancelled)||07/09/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||06/10/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||05/13/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||04/08/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||03/11/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included|
|HPC Meeting||02/11/2019 6:00 PM||Not Included||Not Included| | history |
http://www.flpost304.com/ | 2014-04-18T17:16:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609533957.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005213-00539-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.948578 | 188 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__198378602 | en | Post 304 is named in honor of Lt. Albert Marshall LaBree Jr. USMC, who was the first resident of Dania, Florida to die in service to his country during WWII.
Post 304 received its charter from the American Legion in 1949 and serves under the American Legion Department of Florida, Southern Area, 9th District.
Marshall LaBree Post 304
41 NE 1st Court
Dania Beach, Florida 33004
Legion Membership Meeting: 4th Tuesday of the Month @ 7:00PM
Auxiliary Membership Meeting: 2nd Monday of the Month @ 7:00PM
SAL Membership Meeting: 1st Monday of the Month @ 7:00PM
Broward Law Enforcement Detachment #549 of Dania Beach, Inc.
Gathers at Post 304 every Thursday at 5:00PM
Monthly Meeting: 3rd Thursday of the Month at 5:00PM | history |
http://tramp-v2.herokuapp.com/news/uk-news/2014_sep_26_roman-coin-hoard-clinton-devon-estates | 2023-03-27T01:01:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296946584.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326235016-20230327025016-00733.warc.gz | 0.979524 | 600 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__131852422 | en | One of the largest hoards of Roman coins ever discovered in the UK has been unearthed by a builder.
Metal detector enthusiast Laurence Egerton discovered the haul of 22,000 fourth-century copper-alloy coins in Devon in November last year.
After uncovering the coins on the Clinton Devon Estates, near Seaton Down, Egerton reported the find to the landowner and the local authority – and slept in his car for three nights to guard it.
The hoard was then carefully removed in its entirety by a team of archaeologists. Over the past 10 months the coins have been lightly cleaned, identified and catalogued by experts from the British Museum.
The Seaton Down hoard, which includes coins that are very well preserved, has been declared treasure by a coroner.
The Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Exeter is now launching a bid to purchase the coins for public display in the city.
Egerton spoke of his shock at finding the haul, which was located near a Roman villa and possible fort at the Honeyditches site.
“Initially I found two small coins the size of a thumbnail sitting on top of the ground and then, as I began working in a grid formation in the surrounding area I had a 50-50 signal on the metal detector, which means that there is probably iron involved,” he said.
“Most detectors are set up to ignore iron but I decided to dig the earth at that spot and immediately reached some iron ingots which were laid directly on top of the coins.
“The next shovel was full of coins – they just spilled out over the field.
“I had no idea how far down the coins went so I stopped immediately and phoned my wife to come to the site with a camera.
“Under the terms of my licence, I contacted Clinton Devon Estates and Devon county council and was instructed to take away what was loose and then fill in the hole.
“Between finding the hoard and the archaeologists excavating the site I slept alongside it in my car for three nights to guard it.
“It’s by far the biggest find I’ve ever had. It really doesn’t get any better than this.”
Most of the coins are associated with Constantine I and his family, who became emperor while in Britain in AD306.
Other coins date from the joint reign of Constantius II and his younger brother Constans, from AD337 to 40.
Dr Roger Bland, from the British Museum, said: “It is one of the largest coin hoards of the fourth century ever found within the Roman empire but, despite the number of coins found, the financial value would not have been great, amounting to approximately four gold coins.
“This sum of money would possibly have provided the ration of four soldiers for one year or a worker’s pay for two years.” | history |
https://www.beziers-in-mediterranee.com/en/must-sees-and-dos/heritage-and-culture/museums-and-exhibitions/site-et-musee-d-enserune-937881 | 2020-05-28T15:23:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347399820.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200528135528-20200528165528-00082.warc.gz | 0.761298 | 251 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__175741658 | en | The museum has an exceptional collection of exhibits on display discovered during the excavations. These archaeological artefacts are spread across three main rooms named after the archaeologists who made their mark on Ensérune (Salle Sigal, Salle Mouret and Salle Jannoray). Ensérune is one of the most remarkable Gallic sites in Languedoc. Multiple influences have left their mark on it (Iberian, Celtic, Greek, Italic, etc.). Excavations that started at the beginning of the 20th century have shed light on an important necropolis and inhabited areas, with many houses showing traces of various periods of occupation. You can discover these remains for yourself by exploring the site.
* Dernière chance de visite jusqu'au 13 octobre 2019
L’équipe du Site archéologique et musée d’Ensérune vous informe :
REPRISE DES TRAVAUX D’ADDUCTION D’EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT
REOUVERTURE DU PARC JARDIN PROGRAMMEE AU MOIS DE FEVRIER 2020 et le MUSEE EN JUIN 2021 | history |
http://my-wwe-2k-universe.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_ECW_World_Heavyweight_Champions | 2018-09-21T04:13:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156780.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921033529-20180921053929-00505.warc.gz | 0.975863 | 462 | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__47422003 | en | The ECW World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was the original world title of the Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion, later used in WWE as the world title of the ECWbrand and one of three in WWE, complementing the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship. It was introduced as the ECW Heavyweight Championship on April 25, 1992. Originally a part of the Eastern Championship Wrestling promotion, which joined the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) on September 18, 1993. It was established as a world heavyweight championship in August 1994 following the promotion's secession from the NWA. The promotion became Extreme Championship Wrestling and the title became the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. It remained active until April 11, 2001 when ECW was closed and WWE subsequently purchased its assets. WWE relaunched ECW as a WWE brand in June 2006 with the title being recommissioned and designated as the ECW brand's world title. The brand dissolved February 16, 2010, rendering the title inactive.
The championship was contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition. All title changes occurred at ECW or WWE shows. The inaugural champion was Jimmy Snuka, who defeated Salvatore Bellomo in a tournament final on April 25, 1992 to become the first ECW Heavyweight Champion. WWE, however, does not recognize ECW Heavyweight Championship reigns from April 1992 through August 1994. Instead they recognize Shane Douglas' second reign, which originally began on March 26, 1994, but is recognized as starting on August 27, 1994 – the same day the championship was renamed the ECW World Heavyweight Championship – as the inception of the title's history. The Sandman holds the record for most reigns, with five. At 406 days, Douglas' fourth reign is the longest in the title's history. Ezekiel Jackson's only reign was the shortest in the history of the title as it was retired as soon as he won it. He defeated the previous champion, Christian, on February 16, 2010 at an ECW television taping event. Overall, there have been 49 reigns shared between 32 wrestlers, with one vacancy, and 2 deactivations. | history |
http://hannahkc.com/tagged/H | 2014-10-22T15:21:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447421.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00324-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.970104 | 250 | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-42__0__186439479 | en | The iconic Hollywood sign has sat atop the star studded area since the early 1920s, and now the original “H” has been incorporated into a unique piece of Marilyn Monroe-themed artwork.
The sign was first erected in 1923 and originally read “HOLLYWOODLAND”, as an advertisement for a residential development in the Hollywood Hills area. Intended to last for just a year and a half, it gained international recognition and the decision was made to keep the sign.
The letter H from the sign was famously destroyed, after its caretaker, Albert Kothe, drunkenly drove his car through it in the early 1940s. The letter has now been transformed into a brilliant piece of art.
Created by Bill Mack, The Gentleman’s H is a mixed media, acrylic and oil work depicting Hollywood’s favourite leading ladies Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It features three sections of the original sign panel, which have been reconstructed to a proportionally correct version of the complete letter, and mounted on to metal tubing.
With an image of the iconic sign serving as the background, it is expected to sell for $150,000-250,000. | history |
https://www.morvillechurch.co.uk/church-history/morville-bells | 2022-05-18T03:49:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662521041.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518021247-20220518051247-00785.warc.gz | 0.982537 | 397 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__126626158 | en | The predominantly Norman tower of Morville Church has contained bells for as far back as the local records go. In medieval times it was known that there were four bells. These were mentioned in an inventory of parish property dated 1539 following the dissolution of the monasteries, by which time Morville’s Benedictine Priory had already fallen into a ruinous state. These four bells were recorded again in a survey of Shropshire bells of 1730, but in 1759 the parish splashed out on a brand new set of six, cast in Gloucester by the famous Rudhall Foundry. These were hung in a locally built oak frame. In 1854 the tenor (largest) bell cracked and was recast by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London. These six bells were in regular use for almost 200 years until the mid1950’s at which point the condition of the frame and fittings led to them being declared unringable.
The bells were silent, despite several attempts to launch restoration schemes. Then in 2006 a small group of enthusiastic villagers decided that they would like to learn to ring and get the bells going again. They began to take lessons a nearby tower and launched a campaign to raise many tens of thousands of pounds for the project. Thankfully it turned out to be a hugely successful appeal. During 2007/8 a total of over £100,000 was amassed from the fundraising, personal donations and grants. So in May 2009 the six original bells were restored and reinstated on a new steel frame. Two new bells were also added to make the tower an eight-bell tower. The end result is a very fine set of bells that are rung from the new first floor ringing chamber, attracting ringers from all over the country.
If you are interested in ringing the Morville Bells please contact the Tower Captain, Ian Rowe (01746 714357). | history |
https://www.laurenwrightphoto.com/blog/may-we-never-ever-forget | 2019-07-19T10:03:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526210.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20190719095313-20190719121313-00448.warc.gz | 0.957446 | 657 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__56088673 | en | Today, in honor of Independence Day, I've decided to share something a little different than I normally do. The following is a narration written by my friend Matthew McCord for a performance of the "Hymn to the Fallen." It touches my heart in a profound way, and I hope that it will move you as well. Today, may we remember and celebrate as a nation what it means to have courage beyond our fears to stand for what is right.
"To those visionary patriots who gathered in Philadelphia to announce to the world for the first time the uniquely American ideal that we do believe that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights:
Today we remember you.
To those who were among the first to give their lives for liberty at Bunker Hill; to those who stood with one General Washington that winter at Valley Forge; to those who drove tyranny from American soil for the last time at Yorktown: Today we remember you.
To that brilliant collective of minds that gathered once again at that miracle in Philadelphia to pen the credo of American freedom, the United States Constitution, forever establishing a government of the people: Today we remember you.
To those who, in our nation's darkest hour, fought brother against brother and friend against friend, in that contest to determine whether a nation conceived in liberty can long endure; to those who fought to bring a new birth of freedom to this the last best hope of mankind on earth: Today we remember you.
To those who stood in the trenches of World War I, fighting oppression on foreign shores, and to those who, some twenty years later, perished at Pearl Harbor; to those who fought in the theater of the South Pacific at Manila, Luzon, and Midway; to those who raised the flag on Iwo Jima; and to those brave souls, who, with courage beyond their fears, stormed the beaches of Normandy, securing freedom for an entire world in what we now know as our nation's greatest generation: Today we remember you.
To those fought in Korea; to those who made the ultimate sacrifice in Vietnam for the truth that democracy and freedom are no longer uniquely American ideas, but that they are engraved on the hearts of all men: Today we remember you.
To those who stand in the sands of the middle east: You send a message that no tyrant, no terrorist, no one who opposes freedom will ever be safe as long as there is a United States of America.
Because with a light that shines from 1776 to today, the torch of freedom has been passed from generation to American generation, and today, as always, the United States of America is a shining city on a hill.
But those of us who live in the land of the free and the home of the brave, we are free because you were brave. Look home from Heaven heroes. The Star Spangled Banner still waves.
So, to all who have pledged their allegiance with your blood, with your sacrifice, with your lives, from the heart of a grateful nation, in the most simple but honest words we have, we say, "thank you."
Today, we remember you. May we never, ever, forget." | history |
http://www.conservation-by-design.com/category.aspx?id=1 | 2017-03-29T21:00:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218191396.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212951-00105-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.907086 | 390 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__12520026 | en | Boxes & Storage Products
Storage Boxes, Archive Boxes, etc
The Conservation By Design (CXD) range of storage boxes is one of the largest available and has been built up over many years. It is unique in the variety and quality of materials used to produce them. We provide a design and manufacturing service for die-cut, mass-produced or one-off, computer-generated, made- to-measure Storage Boxes - Smart Boxes’.
Most of the storage boxes are manufactured at the CXD Timecare Works factory in Bedford with others made by our sister company in France. All of our storage boxes have been designed in partnership with clients for the safe long-term storage and preservation of books, documents, newspapers, artworks and photographs. A key figure in the development of the CXD box range is Christopher Clarkson who developed an integrated box, folder and envelope system in 1981 when he was the Conservation Officer at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. Stuart Welch, the founder of CXD, worked with Christopher to develop an improved range of papers and boards from which to produce the Clarkson system. This was the beginning of the CXD Premier Duo’ Archival Folding Boxboard range and Heritage Archival pHotokraft’ papers.More information on the Clarkson/Bodleian system and its history can be found on our web site.
|CXD Archival Boxboard Range||Construction|
|Premier™ Archival Folding Boxboard||Solid Board|
|Premier™ Archival Fluted Boxboard||Corrugated Centre|
|pHlute™ Archival Colour Print Corrugated Boxboard||Corrugated Centre|
|EcopHant™ Recycled Archival Boxboard||Solid Board|
|Superior Millboard™ Bookbinding/Boxmaking Board||Solid Board| | history |
http://www.vydehischool.com/news/vse-school-in-bangalore-republic-day-celebrations-2013/ | 2019-03-22T18:36:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202688.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190322180106-20190322202106-00282.warc.gz | 0.968057 | 442 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__159295499 | en | Vydehi School of Excellence, a premier school in Bangalore, celebrated Republic day on 24 January with great enthusiasm and enchanting spirit. The children participated actively in the Republic Day celebrations held on 24th January. The theme of the Special Assembly (Republic Day) was “Unity in Diversity”. The preamble of our Constitution was read out by the students. The idea was to inform all the students about our country’s constitution that paved the whole design for our country’s future.
Republic Day Celebrations in Vydehi Primary School witnessed most students of Vydehi School of Excellence wear Gandhi Topi that added a white color tone to the whole assembly section. Gandhi Topi is an indicative of the Swadeshi Movement happened in India, in the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi himself. In Swadeshi movement, Gandhiji and his followers boycotted foreign goods and In Gandhiji’s opinion the white Topi was light and elegant and it gradually evolved as a symbol of India and nationalism. To remind those times and passion of independence struggle, many of our students also wore Indian clothes such as Kurta and Pyjama.
To wear such ethnic outfits was the idea of teachers in VSE as it will help to light up the memory of our great freedom fighters. The preamble of our Constitution was read out by the students. Many children also wore outfits that had Indian flag’s tri-color on them. They also wore badges on their outfits with labels such as ‘justice, ‘liberty’ and ‘fraternity’ imprinted on them. These concepts echoed the slogans of our independence struggle. The assembly concluded with a beautiful song “Mile Sur Mera Tumhara” sung by the students. Vydehi School of Excellence believes in reminding the future generations of the struggles their ancestors had gone through to make our country a free paradise. Such school activities help to create awareness about our great freedom struggle in new generation.It is very important for the future generation to know the past because it enlightens them to act responsibly and stand for national causes. | history |
https://bulgarianhistory.shop/catalog/bulgarian-history-100-destinations/ | 2019-03-24T11:37:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203438.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324103739-20190324125739-00289.warc.gz | 0.927528 | 169 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__114203208 | en | Authors: Ivan Kanchev, Ivomir Kolev, Mario Mishev (BULGARIAN HISTORY NGO)
Edition: First Edition
Published: February, 2018
The book Bulgarian History in 100 destinations is the third part of the popular science series of BG Uchebnik, published in Bulgarian. The first and the second parts are dedicated to 100 personalities who have contributed to Bulgaria’s development and 100 events which have happened in Bulgaria or are directly related to it.
The current book continues the work of the previous two and presents 100 historical destinations. Various places linked to Bulgarian history are included – towns, villages and cities, fortresses and monasteries, museums and natural landscapes.
Without a doubt, this book is for everyone who wishes to know Bulgaria, its history and sights! | history |
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