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https://xpresscience.com/xps/chemical-reactions-power-microscale-origami-machines-to-self-fold/ | 2024-04-14T17:28:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816893.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414161724-20240414191724-00868.warc.gz | 0.93498 | 517 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__199339835 | en | Chemical Reactions Power Microscale Origami Machines to Self-Fold
Researchers at Cornell University have created microscale origami machines that are self-folding, thanks to chemical reactions. The team was led by Nicholas Abbott, a Tisch University Professor in the Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in Cornell Engineering. The machines can operate in dry environments and at room temperature, freeing them from the liquids in which they usually function.
The machines could one day be used to create tiny autonomous devices that can respond rapidly to their chemical environment. Previously, chemical reactions that could only occur in extreme conditions, such as at high temperatures, have been used to power microscale robots. These were often tediously slow, making the approach impractical for everyday technological applications.
Abbott’s group discovered that a small section of the chemical reaction pathway contained both slow and fast steps. The group was able to leverage that rapid kinetic moment by using ultrathin platinum sheets capped with titanium, developed by Itai Cohen, professor of physics, and Paul McEuen, the John A. Newman Professor of Physical Science, both in the College of Arts and Sciences, and David Muller, the Samuel B. Eckert Professor of Engineering in Cornell Engineering.
The team used electronic structure calculations to dissect the chemical reaction that occurs when hydrogen — adsorbed to the material — is exposed to oxygen. The researchers exploited the crucial moment that the oxygen quickly strips the hydrogen, causing the atomically thin material to deform and bend like a hinge. The system can operate at 20 degrees Celsius in dry environments, with a response time of 600 milliseconds per cycle.
“We are really excited because this work paves the way to microscale origami machines that work in gaseous environments,” said Itai Cohen.
The researchers expect to apply the technique to other catalytic metals, such as palladium and palladium gold alloys, which could lead to autonomous material systems in which the controlling circuitry and onboard computation are handled by the material’s response.
The research was supported by the Cornell Center for Materials Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation’s MRSEC program, the Army Research Office, the NSF, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science.
Overall, the creation of these self-folding microscale origami machines is a promising step toward the development of tiny, autonomous devices that could revolutionize the field of robotics | materials_science |
https://www.soundchip.ch/soundchip-integrates-complex-acoustic-functionality-in-printed-circuit-boards/ | 2021-10-16T19:25:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323584913.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016170013-20211016200013-00091.warc.gz | 0.889982 | 357 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__86529250 | en | Soundchip integrates complex acoustic functionality in Printed-Circuit-Boards
Soundstrate technology combines acoustic and electrical layers within a Printed Circuit Board substrate to reduce the size and cost of complex audio networks
Genève, Switzerland, 28 November 2011 – Soundchip SA, a Swiss based innovator in audio systems technology and originator of the HD-PA® Reference, today announced the availability of Soundstrate PCB technology.
Soundstrate PCB technology simplifies the design and manufacture of complex audio systems by replacing bulky audio waveguides and cabling with a single structure that is capable of communicating sound and electrical signals between installed components and the outside world.
Soundstrate PCB technology integrates audio components, waveguides, electronics and acousto-mechanical filters within a single, self-contained substrate structure, which may be customized to suit each application.
Soundstrate PCB technology can be developed using standard printed-circuit-board methods, but where standard PCBs incorporate an electrical circuit on each layer, Soundstrate PCB technology also incorporates acoustic layers, which may comprise waveguides, acoustic filters and active components. Communication between layers is achieved by placing acoustic as well as electrical vias in the circuit.
Design of acoustic layers within the Soundstrate PCB requires proprietary design tools whilst fabrication demands a modified manufacturing process capable of forming the acoustic channels within the PCB’s structure. The cost of these additional steps is kept low through the use of standard, highly automated processes within the production flow.
Mark Donaldson, Soundchip’s CEO, said, “Soundstrate PCB technology represents an exciting new approach to audio system design providing an innovative means of deploying complex audio circuits within compact geometries while at the same time reducing part count and cost.” | materials_science |
https://posterprintingnyc.info/smart-tips-for-uncovering-safety.html | 2020-01-22T02:23:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250606269.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122012204-20200122041204-00394.warc.gz | 0.94414 | 487 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__46463361 | en | Switches and electrical receptacles require to be covered on the walls through the use of wall plate covers that can be mounted easily on the wall. These wall plates are designed in different ways where there can be a single hole up to four holes. The number of holes present will influence the number of devices that are likely to be connected to the switch, socket or the electrical receptacle. Other than purchasing wall units, one can request the manufacturer to make custom made wall plates where one will give the specifications on the number of holes that will be used for attaching devices to the switch or electrical spectacle. The wall plate covers are usually made using a variety of materials depending on the choice of a person including brass, aluminum, copper, bronze, plastic, wood, porcelain, steel, ceramic and any other suitable material. The choice of any material used in manufacturing the wall plates depends on the environment it will be operating, its application as well as the aesthetics of any given environment.
There are a variety of wall plates depending on how they are to be used including blank wall plate, blank TV, data jack, cover for duplex outlet, phone jack, plate for toggle switch, decorative, combination as well as screwless wall plate. The purpose of these wall plates is to protect the switches and the electrical receptacles while also providing some decorations on the wall that is likely to cover some wall imperfections while they can contrast or blend in the wall. Screws are usually used in the installation of wall plates. When the wall plates are installed on surfaces that are not structurally strong such as the drywalls and plasters where a mountain bracket is highly recommended to enhance the strength of these attachment points for the wall plate.
The electrical receptacles that are covered by the wall plate cover are devices that allow equipment that requires electricity to operate to be connected to the power supply in a building or any other sites. The insulated sleeves, socket apertures that have blocking shutters, recessed sockets as well as those receptacles that are only made to accept those plugs that are compatible to it and they also need to be inserted in the recommended correct orientation are some other devices that can be used instead of wall plate covers to enhance safety.
Wall plate covers usually prevent exposure of long cables on the wall surface only exposing just a few short wires. These wall plates also enhance the decorations in a building hence making it more beautiful. | materials_science |
https://qdtuoyuanhardware.en.made-in-china.com/product/RbsJoejypOUZ/China-PVC-Coated-7X7-Galvanized-Steel-Wire-Rope-6mm.html | 2018-02-22T14:25:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814124.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222140814-20180222160814-00475.warc.gz | 0.655375 | 683 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__139357368 | en | PVC Coated 7X7 Galvanized Steel Wire Rope 6mm
|FOB Price:||US $1,463 / Ton|
|Min. Order:||1 Ton|
|Min. Order||FOB Price|
|1 Ton||US $1,463/ Ton|
|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, D/P, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram|
- Model NO.: WIRE ROPE
- Cross Sectional Shape: Round
- Type: Galvanized
- Surface Treatment: Electro Galvanized
- Status: In Hard State
- Size: All
- Core: FC/Irwc
- Transport Package: Wooden Reel or Plastic Spools
- Origin: Jimo
- Material: Iron Wire
- Application: Cages
- Wide in Width: 1.1M
- Metal Wire Drawing: Hot Drawing
- Thickness: Metal Fiber
- Market: Global
- Trademark: TY
- Specification: 6mm, 7mm, 10mm...
- HS Code: 73121000
|01||Name||PVC Coated Steel Wire Rope|
|04||Diameter Range||From 1.0mm to 12.0mm|
|07||Surface treatment||PVC coated|
|09||Tensile Strength||1670N/mm2, 1770N/mm2,1960N/mm2|
|10||Lay direction||R. H. O. L or L. H. O. L|
|11||Packing detail||Plywood reel+Pallet|
|12||Characteristics||Good corrosion-resistance , well resistant against wear|
Specifications and Marks can be produced according to customers 'requirements
Primary competitive advantages: Quality assurance, reasonable prices, service country of origin, experience technical staff, excellent product performance
How to order:
1.Size: Diameter of the rope in millimeter or inches
2.Construction: Number of strands, number of wires per strand and type of strand construction.
3.Coating: Bright(ungalvanized), galvanized or stainless, PVC or Grease.
4.Type of Core: Fiber core( FC), independent wire rope core(IWRC) or independent wire strand core(IWSC).
5.Length: Length of wire rope.
6.Lay: Right regular lay, left regular lay, right lang lay, left lang lay.
7.Packing: In coils wrapped with oil paper and hessian(orp.p) cloth, or on wooden reels.
8.Grade of wire: Tensile strength of wires.
9.Quantity: By number of coils or reels, by length or weight.
10.Lubrication: Whether lubrication is desired or not, and required lubricant.
11.Purpose: For which rope will be used.
12.Breaking Load: Minimum or calculated breaking load in tones or pounds.
13.Remarks: Shipping marks and any other special requirement
14. Payment term: 30% advance. for the balance should be paid after see the copy of B/L;100% L/C at sight. | materials_science |
https://www.ferrarolaw.com/glossary/asbestos/ | 2022-05-23T04:56:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662555558.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523041156-20220523071156-00022.warc.gz | 0.970214 | 542 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__75746562 | en | If you were seriously injured, remember that it is crucial to choose the right law firm to represent your interests. We have been doing this for more than three decades, and have the resources you need to challenge any opponent.
Asbestos (pronounced or ) is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals which all have in common their eponymous asbestiform habit: long (roughly 1:20 aspect ratio), thin fibrous crystals, with each visible fiber composed of millions of microscopic “fibrils” that can be released by abrasion and other processes. They are commonly known by their colors, as “blue asbestos”, “brown asbestos”, “white asbestos”, and so on. Asbestos mining began more than 4,000 years ago, but did not start large-scale until the end of the 19th century when manufacturers and builders used asbestos because of its desirable physical properties: sound absorption, average tensile strength, its resistance to fire, heat, electrical and chemical damage, and affordability. It was used in such applications as electrical insulation for hotplate wiring and in building insulation. When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with cement or woven into fabric or mats. These desirable properties made asbestos a very widely used material, and its use continued to grow throughout most of the 20th century until the carcinogenic effects of asbestos dust caused its effective demise as a mainstream construction and fireproofing material in most countries. However around 2 million tons of Asbestos were still mined per year as of 2009, half in Russia. It is now known that prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious and fatal illnesses including malignant lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis (a type of pneumoconiosis). Health issues related to asbestos exposure can be found in records dating back to Roman times. By the beginning of the 20th century concerns were beginning to be raised, which escalated in severity during the 1920s and 1930s. By the 1980s and 1990s asbestos trade and use started to become banned outright, phased out, or heavily restricted in an increasing number of countries. The severity of asbestos-related diseases, the material’s extremely widespread use in many areas of life, its continuing long term use after harmful health effects were known or suspected, and fact that asbestos-related diseases can emerge decades after exposure ceases, have resulted in asbestos litigation becoming the longest, most expensive mass tort in U.S. history and a significant legal issue in many other countries. Asbestos-related liability also remains an ongoing concern for many manufacturers, insurers and reinsurers. | materials_science |
https://www.hmplb.nl/en/pages/hemp-fabrics | 2022-08-17T10:22:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572898.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817092402-20220817122402-00213.warc.gz | 0.903733 | 246 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__48776019 | en | It is also possible to buy our hemp fabrics as a company. Our hemp fabrics are 100% organically grown, harvested and manufactured on European soil.
Hemp is known as the most eco friendly crop. It uses less water, less land and minimal to no pesticides to grow and harvest when compared to other widely used crops for fibers. Therefore it leaves the smallest ecological footprint on our planet.
Properties of hemp fabrics
Hemp fabrics can be used to create any textile product. It is a great alternative to the most commonly used fabrics such as cotton. Hemp fabrics are:
- Strong and very durable
- Feels soft and natural
- Absorbs water
- It breathes so it’s perfectly suited for summer clothing or bedding
Dyeing - All of our fabrics are exclusively dyed with environmental positive dyes. No chemical bases for dyes, and all finishing is done with consideration to the ecological side effects of the process.
Request a sample pack
If you are interested in purchasing our fabrics, please contact us at info@hmplb and request a sample pack (€14,95). | materials_science |
http://www.meridastudio.com/veledo/ | 2014-04-24T14:42:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206147.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00402-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.904031 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__155873781 | en | Merida’s Veledo leather flooring tiles combine the luxurious aesthetic of leather with the durability of a hard surface. Veledo is made of recycled leather from European mills; this sustainable flooring is an elegant way to convey luxury and exclusivity. A range of natural colors and textures offer a variety of ways to make a unique and lasting impression.
Veledo leather flooring may be used in high-end retail stores, boutique hospitality projects, residential design, corporate offices, design showrooms, and restaurants, bars, and lounges.
If you would like to consider including Veledo Recycled Leather flooring in your project or home please contact us for samples and to find showrooms near you.
Phone: (800) 345-2200
View our installation video of Veledo Recycled Leather flooring. | materials_science |
https://befib2016.ca/about-befib-2016/ | 2018-02-20T15:05:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812978.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220145713-20180220165713-00201.warc.gz | 0.872965 | 155 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__43089857 | en | About BEFIB 2016
About the Conference
The conference is intended for a world-wide audience of researchers and practitioners with backgrounds in structural and/or materials engineering. It includes structural and construction engineers, builders and building consultants, construction industry personnel, academics, researchers, students, product manufacturers, material suppliers, project managers and contract administrators, asset managers, government infrastructure authorities and others.
|Submission of 200-word abstracts||Extended to Oct 15, 2015|
|Acceptance notification to authors||Extended to Oct 30, 2015|
|Submission of full draft manuscripts||Extended to Feb 15, 2016|
|Acceptance notification to authors||April 30, 2016|
|Submission of final manuscripts||May 30, 2016| | materials_science |
http://fillergroup.gatech.edu/ | 2013-05-21T08:22:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699798457/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102318-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.906685 | 147 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__151832632 | en | Welcome to the Filler Research Group at the Georgia Institute of Technology!
We are a multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers that seeks to dramatically advance the structural complexity and function of nanoscale materials. In pursuit of this goal, we are pioneering the application of in-situ spectroscopic techniques to interrogate the fundamental processes that govern the bottom-up synthesis of these materials, particularly inorganic semiconductor nanowires, and their resultant properties. These studies are laying the atomic-level chemical foundation necessary to rationally manipulate growth mechanisms such that structure can be robustly engineered at multiple length scales. We subsequently use this information to design novel materials with applications in fields such as energy conversion, electronics, and photonics. | materials_science |
http://china.youth.cn/news/bussiness/200909/t20090922_1031261.htm | 2018-09-24T03:56:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160142.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924031344-20180924051744-00150.warc.gz | 0.950365 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__181271962 | en | China National Building Material Group Corporation, China's largest building materials manufacturer, plans to expand its overseas sales volume to 50 percent of its total business to meet the increasing demand from overseas markets.
The parent company of Hong Kong-listed China National Building Material Co (CNBM) will accelerate the development of overseas business to 50-percent proportion from the current 30 percent in five years, the company chairman Song Zhiping said.
"The company will speed up the construction of cement production lines in developing countries in South Asia, Middle East and Africa, and promote high-value added products such as glass fiber in European and American market," he said.
The company's sales revenue reached 36 billion yuan by August this year, up 32 percent compared with the same period last year, according to Song.
Building material sales in the country rose 16 percent in the first half of this year, compared to the same period last year.
"CNBM's overseas expansion is in line with the company's internationalized strategy and the trend of growing demand in cement sector from other developing countries," said Pu Zhongdong, analyst, Guohai Securities.
"Some Chinese companies such as Sinoma International Engineering Corporation did a very good job in building cement production lines in developing countries by combining multiple advantages of China's advanced technology and cheap labor force," said Pu. | materials_science |
https://nicoletaylorboutique.com/products/siri-layered-cuff-soko | 2021-10-21T21:23:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585441.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021195527-20211021225527-00244.warc.gz | 0.917585 | 442 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__224138205 | en | Brass is a metal alloy of copper and zinc. Known for its durability and workability, brass has been used for centuries — the first example of brass jewelry dates from ancient Rome. Our favorite part? Aside from how good it looks, brass is sustainable! Today almost 90% of all brass in the world is recycled.
An affordable alternative to gold, brass allows us to produce statement pieces that have a luxurious look and feel, at accessible prices. We use solid brass, ensuring that every piece we make is a long-lasting heirloom. Since we don’t use plating over a base metal, our products are easy to clean, and you don’t need to worry about the color wearing off.
All of our cow-horn products are crafted from the horn of Ankole Longhorn cattle, a breed native to the Rift Valley of East Africa. Soko artisans ethically procure this recycled material, which is a byproduct of the food industry, from nomadic tribes in Kenya and Uganda. Reclaimed horn has gorgeous natural variation in its color, so every piece is individual as a result and can range from a dark lustrous black to striated natural tones.
Remove jewelry before participating
in physical activity or going to bed.
Store your jewelry in a cloth bag
away from natural sunlight and heat.
For brass: use a gentle metal polisher and a
soft cloth to remove tarnish and restore luster.
Our materials don't mix well with moisture.
Avoid contact with water, lotion and perfume.
Since brass is a natural alloy it will gradually patina over time with exposure to oxygen and moisture. If you prefer a bright sheen, this effect can be achieved with a quick polish. All of our pieces can be polished with a brass cleaner (we use Brasso) and a soft cloth or paper towel. To clean using ingredients you may already have at home, mix lemon juice and baking soda into a paste, rub onto surface with a cloth, then rinse off and buff dry to a shine. To care for your horn jewelry, avoid exposure to excessive moisture or sunlight. Wipe clean with a soft cloth. | materials_science |
https://api-in.com/processes_and_specifications/ | 2021-01-16T08:43:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703505861.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116074510-20210116104510-00033.warc.gz | 0.930758 | 620 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__257105234 | en | Anodizing is an Electrolytic process through which a layer of oxide is produced on the surface of the part to improve the properties of corrosion resistance. It improves adhesion properties of bonding, wear and tear resistance. Anodizing can be done on highly corrosive metals and the anodizing process creates an oxide on the surface of the part which prevents the metals from corroding. Based on the characteristic of a metal, different types of aqueous solutions are used. Anodizing on Aluminum and Aluminum alloys are done with Tartaric Sulphuric Acid or Chromic Acid whereas for Steel and Titanium metal parts, anodizing is done with Boric or Sulphuric Acid.
To improve the traceability of the part/product and to make the metal active and to bring the grains on the surface, Etching is carried out on the parts. Marking is done through either chemical or non- chemical means like electro chemical etch marking, ink jet marking, marking with pens and Tagging on to Steel, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy products and precise etching is done from a mixed acids on Titanium parts.
To improve the corrosion resistant property and for aesthetic, Moly Coat and Painting is done either using solvent based paint or water based paint. Application of paint can be done using conventional spray or electrostatic or electrophoretic processes. Once the painting of the part or product is carried out, it is marked for with a batch number for traceability.
Passivation and Salt Spray are standardized and popular corrosion test methods, used to check corrosion resistance of materials and surface coatings. Once the passivation is done by using a light coat of a protective material, such as metal oxide which creates a shell, it has to then undergo a corrosive attack in order to evaluate (mostly comparatively) the suitability of the coating for use as a protective finish. This corrosive attack is done by a Salt Spray test and the appearance of corrosion products (rust) is evaluated after a pre-determined period of time. Test duration depends on the corrosion resistance of the coating; generally, the more corrosion resistant the coating is, the longer the period of testing before the appearance of corrosion/ rust.
NADCAP accredited Cadmium Plating is a robust and versatile metal coating process which is widely accepted in the Aerospace industry. Some of the main functions of Plating are to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, and for radiation shielding.
Imparting residual compressive stresses in the surface layers of metallic components is one of the ways to improve their fatigue strength characteristics. Shot peening is employed for imparting residual stresses by means of cold work by shooting tiny steel balls on the surface from a certain height with pressure to enhance the compressive strength of the material. In this process compressive stress is induced to considerably reduce the risk of fatigue cracks during this operation. | materials_science |
https://in.booksc.org/book/3694529/b66940 | 2020-01-19T19:32:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594705.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119180644-20200119204644-00323.warc.gz | 0.884306 | 6,589 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__69633072 | en | मुख्य Journal of Hazardous Materials Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured TiO2-carbon films obtained by means of electrophoretic..
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Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured TiO2-carbon films obtained by means of electrophoretic deposition J.M. Peralta-Hernández a , J. Manrı́quez a , Y. Meas-Vong a , Francisco J. Rodrı́guez a , Thomas W. Chapman a , Manuel I. Maldonado b , Luis A. Godı́nez a,∗ a Electrochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquı́mica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, México b Plataforma Solar de Almerı́a-CIEMAT, Crta. Senés s/n, Tabernas, Almerı́a 04200, Spain Received 12 October 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 15 January 2007 Available online 19 January 2007 Abstract Recent studies have shown that the light-absorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of TiO2 can be improved by coupling TiO2 nano-particles with nonmetallic dopants, such as carbon. In this paper, we describe the electrophoretic preparation of a novel TiO2 -carbon nano-composite photocatalyst on a glass indium thin oxide (ITO) substrate. The objective is to take better advantage of the (e− /h+ ) pair generated by photoexcitation of semiconducting TiO2 particles. The transfer of electrons (e− ) into adjacent carbon nano-particles promotes reduction of oxygen to produce • hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) which, in the presence of iron ions, can subsequently form hydroxyl radicals ( OH) via the Fenton reaction. At the • • + same time, OH is formed from water by the (h ) holes in the TiO2 . Thus, the OH oxidant is produced by two routes. The efficiency of this photolytic-Fenton process was tested with a model organic compound, Orange-II (OG-II) azo dye, which is employed in the textile industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide; Nano-composite; Orange-II; Photocatalysis; Fenton • 1. Introduction Heterogeneous photocatalysis for water-treatment technologies has attracted the attention of many research groups around the world . Among advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalytic treatment offers a capability for destroying • organic contaminants by oxidation with hydroxyl radicals ( OH) that are generated under mild conditions [2,3]. The best-known photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2 ). The band-gap value of anatase TiO2 is around 3.2 eV, which enables UV light of wavelengths smaller than 400 nm to activate the catalyst . The mechanism of photocatalysis involves the promotion of an electron (e− ) from the valence band (VB) into the conduction band (CB) of the semiconducting oxide, creating a hole (h+ ) in the VB according to Eq. (1). TiO2 + hν → ∗ e− cb + h+ vb Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 442 2116006; fax: +52 442 2116007. E-mail address: [email protected] (L.A. Godı́nez). URL: http://www.cideteq.mx (L.A. Godı́nez). 0304-3894/$ – see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.053 (1) In water, this process is followed by the formation of OH at the semiconductor surface as well as direct oxidation of organic compounds (R), according to the following reactions : + • h+ vb + H2 O → OH + H (2) − • h+ vb + OH → OHad (3) + h+ vb + Rad → R (4) Meanwhile, the electrons that are promoted to the CB can react with electron acceptors, such as oxygen, present in the solution : •− e− cb + O2 → O2 (5) In recent years, many studies have been made in order to improve the catalytic efficiency of TiO2 . The addition of other materials, for example carbon, has been of interest because this material can promote the adsorption of organic compounds to be transformed [6,7]. The effect of carbon on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 has been tested [8,9], and improved photocatalytic effectiveness has been reported by several authors J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 589 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the mechanism for the photocatalytic action of nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films on an organic target molecule. Direct oxidation occurs on the semiconductor, while electrons are transferred from the TiO2 particles to the Vulcan carbon particle, forming peroxide by oxygen reduction, and promoting the Fenton reaction in solution. [10–12]. Other workers have found that the recombination of holes and electrons, the major cause of inefficiency, can be retarded by applying a small positive potential to the TiO2 , and consequently the degradation of organic compounds through photoelectrocatalysis is enhanced . According to research done by Egerton and Christensen , the method of preparation of the electrodes is the most important determinant factor for controlling the photocatalyst activity [15–17]. In this work, we report a preliminary study in which two approaches to water treatment are combined, photocatalysis and Fenton’s reaction, which involves the homogeneous conver• sion of peroxide to OH. Vulcan carbon has been incorporated with nanoscale TiO2 particles in a mixed surface film, resulting in a nano-structured composite TiO2 -carbon photocatalyst for oxidative wastewater treatment. The overall reaction scheme is illustrated in Fig. 1. The electrons ejected by UV illumination to the CB can reduce dissolved oxygen (ORR) on the carbon surface to produce hydrogen peroxide. Ferrous ion in solution subsequently catalyzes the conversion of peroxide to • • OH, an effective oxidant. At the same time OH is also produced directly from water by the holes in the semiconductor. With this scheme, we hope to enhance the degradation of organic compounds present in the water. In this study, the efficacy of the composite photocatalyst is tested by observing the decolorization of Orange-II (OG-II) azo dye as a model organic compound. solutions described in this work were prepared using water type I, according to ASTM-D1193-991 . Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were performed using a BAS-Zahner IM6 potentiostat/galvanostat in a three-electrode cell. Photocurrent spectroscopy (PS) experiments were made using a quartz cell irradiated with a Xe lamp 6257, 100 W, and a 77250 monochromator (Oriel); this arrangement was calibrated using an Eppley 17043 thermopile. Structural characterization of the films was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker-AXS D8 Advanced diffractometer equipped with a Cu tube for generating Cu K␣ radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the TiO2 electrode surfaces was carried out using a JEOL-5400LV microscope. The test for H2 O2 production was conducted in 40 mL of a Na2 SO4 solution (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 . The illumination was provided by a low-pressure mercuryvapor UV lamp (UVP Inc., P = 75 mW/cm2 , λ = 365 nm). The reactor was made of Duran® glass, and the illumination was direct. Hydrogen-peroxide concentration levels in the solution were determined by titration with titanium (IV) oxysulfate [Ti(SO4 )2 ] with spectrophotometric detection at 406 nm . Color changes in the course of the OG-II reaction were followed at λ = 487 nm, using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20D+ Milton Roy). 2.2. Electrophoretic deposition of nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reagents and instruments Nano-particulate TiO2 (P25, 80% anatase, 20% rutile, average particle diameter 20 nm) was purchased from Degussa, and Vulcan carbon XC-72R (nominal average particle diameter 5 nm) was provided by CABOT. Conductive glass plates, TEC15, coated with SnO2 films doped with indium (ITO), were supplied by Hartford Glass, USA. Analytical grade OG-II dye (C16 H11 N2 NaO4 S) was obtained from Aldrich, and used as received. Na2 SO4 , FeSO4 ·7H2 O, H2 SO4 , and 2-propanol 99.97% obtained from J.T. Baker were of analytical grade. Analytical grade oxygen (99.99%) was obtained from Infra. All Nano-composite electrodes were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (ED) of the particles on the ITO glasses plates immersed in 10 mL of a colloidal suspension (0.5 g P25 TiO2 powder in 5% (v/v) 2-propanol). Various levels of carbon, ranging from 0 to 0.1 g, were used in the synthesis suspension, based on the method previously reported by Wahl and Augustynsky . Accordingly, a 4 V potential difference was applied between a stainless-steel shield, and the negative ITO plate for a period of 40 s at room temperature. The distance between the electrodes was 2 cm. Following a previous report , fresh electrodes were placed in an oven to sinter the nano-composite film in air at 450 ◦ C for 30 min, and they were then characterized by SEM, XRD, CV, and PS. They were then tested with respect to 590 J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 Fig. 2. SEM images of (A) ITO surface and films formed by ED, and subsequent sintering at 450 ◦ C for 30 min; (B) TiO2 , and (C) nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films. their photolytic activity for hydrogen-peroxide generation, and for their capacity to oxidize the test organic compound, OG-II. The supported films had a geometric surface of 0.16 cm2 , and a true area of 75 cm2 , as indicated by hydrogen adsorption in CV . 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Structure of the surface films Representative SEM images of the experimental surfaces are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2A shows the fresh ITO surface. Figs. 2B and C present the films of TiO2 , and the composite TiO2 -carbon films, respectively, both prepared by ED with a deposition time of 40 s, and sintering. The difference between the simple TiO2 film, and that containing carbon suggests the formation of aggregates that we ascribe to carbon particles in the TiO2 film, and both are much rougher than the ITO substrate. Fig. 3 shows the structural characterization done by XRD measurements with a long time scan (10 s) and small steps (0.02◦ in 2θ). Fig. 3A shows a typical XRD spectrum of the pure nano-TiO2 film, exhibiting 2θ diffraction angles between 20 and 50◦ . In this spectrum several principal peaks can be seen at 25.44, 37.92, and 48.16◦ , respectively; which can be assigned to diffraction Fig. 3. XRD patterns of the electrodes deposited on ITO glass plates: (A) TiO2 film without Vulcan carbon nano-particles, and (B) TiO2 -carbon film formed from a 0.005WC –0.5WTiO2 suspension. J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 from the (1 0 1), (0 0 4), and (2 0 0) planes of anatase, respectively . Also, another peak appeared in 27.5◦ that can be associated with diffraction from the (1 1 0) plane of rutile. Thus, the film formed by ED of the TiO2 particles retained mainly the anatase structure. Fig. 3B shows the comparable diffraction pattern for a sintered film formed from a suspension containing 0.005 g of C in the 10 mL suspension (denoted Wc /WTiO2 = 0.01). It is seen that the pattern exhibits the same peaks (specially the principal diffraction peak at 25.44◦ , that corresponds to the anatase TiO2 structure), but at the same time it is possible to discern the existence of a new signal around 26◦ , corresponding to the carbon present in the film . With these assays, it is possible to infer that the carbon nano-particles present in the film do not introduce a significant change in the anatase structure. 3.2. Production of H2 O2 from dissolved oxygen The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide was tested by immersing the nano-scale TiO2 -carbon structures in 40 mL of an acidic solution (pH 3) containing dissolved oxygen, and illuminating directly the surfaces with UV light at λ = 365 nm. The radiant flux was estimated to be 75 mW/cm2 . The primary objective was to demonstrate the validity of the scheme postulated in Fig. 1, specifically the occurrence of the photolytic oxygen–reduction reaction (ORR) to produce H2 O2 , simultaneously with the reduction of water. The hydrogen peroxide concentration, attained after 60 min of illumination, was measured for films produced with various concentrations of carbon particles in the ED-synthesis suspension. The relevant results, presented in Fig. 4, show the peroxide concentration achieved after 60 min is a function of carbon level. It is seen that the H2 O2 concentration produced with TiO2 nano-particle films containing no carbon was only 1.2 mg/L, but when a low proportion of carbon nano-particles was present, the level of hydrogen peroxide increased by as much as 50%, achieving the value of 1.8 mg/L of H2 O2 . On the other hand, as the carbon level increased further, the peroxide concentration decreased, and fell below the pure-TiO2 value. Presumably, this decrease results because an excess of carbon ultimately reduces the photocatalytic properties of the TiO2 nano-particle. With too much carbon present, 591 Fig. 4. Concentration of H2 O2 produced after 60 min of photocatalytic reaction on the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon surface as a function of the carbon-TiO2 ratio in the deposition suspension, pH 3. The UV light was supplied at λ = 365 nm, and P = 75 mW/cm2 . the light cannot penetrate adequately the TiO2 lattice, and the photocatalytic charge separation is no longer possible. Based on Fig. 4, the best proportion of carbon in the ED process was WC /WTiO2 = 0.01. This condition was used for the subsequent tests. 3.3. Photocurrent spectroscopy and band-gap estimation Action spectra for the TiO2 films without carbon, and for TiO2 -carbon nano-structured films formed by ED (WC /WTiO2 = 0.01) at 40 s deposition time were determined in aqueous solution of NaSO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 . The incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) was calculated using the following relationship : IPCE(%) = 1240 × jph λ × φ0 (6) where jph corresponds to the photocurrent density (A/cm2 ), λ is the incident photon wavelength (nm), and φ0 is the incident photon flux (W/m2 ). The resulting IPCE versus λ curves are shown in Fig. 5A, where it is seen that the absorption region begins around 400 nm (that is, 3.0 eV, related to electron excitation of the TiIII -H2 O doping sites) in close agreement with earlier reports [25–27]. Absorption by the carbon-bearing films is shifted to somewhat shorter wavelengths. In order to calculate Fig. 5. Photovoltaic analysis of the semiconductor films: (A) Action spectra of nano-structured TiO2 and TiO2 -carbon electrodes; (B) band-gap estimation for TiO2 , and nano-structured TiO2 -carbon electrodes, according to Eq. (7). 592 J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 the band-gap energy values, εg , of the two films, we used the following relationship : (IPCE × hν)1/2 ∝ (hν − εg ) (7) and plotted the data from Fig. 5A as (IPCE × hν)1/2 versus hν. The result is shown in Fig. 5B. According to the form of Eq. (7), the band-gap energies may be estimated from the X-axis intercepts to be 3.0 eV for the TiO2 film, and 3.2 eV for the TiO2 carbon. A possible explanation for this difference may be that the presence of the carbon in the sintered TiO2 film affects the doping density of TiIII within the nano-particulate semiconductor . 3.4. Electrochemical behavior of the compositeTiO2 -carbon film on ITO Fig. 7. Photochemical energetics of the TiO2 -carbon nano-structured film. In order to evaluate the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon film, and to confirm its ability to promote the (ORR), we performed CV experiments in the dark, and under UV light irradiated at λ = 365 nm. The tests were conducted in an aqueous solution of NaSO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 and saturated with pure oxygen (O2 ) at atmospheric pressure. Measurements were taken between 0.547 V and −1.03 V versus SCE, and the scan rate was 50 mV/s. The results are shown in Fig. 6. For the simple TiO2 film in the dark (Curve A), one observes essentially no signal with respect to the ORR on the film. With UV illumination, the TiO2 film produced the response shown by Curve B. In this case, we see a cathodic peak at −0.7 V, which corresponds to the ORR on the TiO2 film, with a current reaching about 6.2 mA/cm2 . Using the same conditions we tested the nanocomposite material (TiO2 -carbon). In the dark, very little current was produced, as shown by Curve C. With UV illumination nano-composite TiO2 -carbon film produced the response shown as Curve D. In this case one sees a cathodic current rising to about 8.0 mA/cm2 , which is roughly 50% greater than that obtained with the TiO2 alone. Thus, we may conclude that the composite material is an effective catalyst for the photolytic reduction of oxygen. Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms for the TiO2 and TiO2 -carbon electrodes, in aqueous Na2 SO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 , and saturated with oxygen, in the dark, and under UV illumination at 365 nm. 3.5. Interparticle electron transfer in the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon film Fig. 7 depicts the energetic relationships for the TiO2 -carbon material under UV light irradiation, with the photons being absorbed by the TiO2 nano-particle thus yielding (e− /h+ ) pairs. The photogenerated electrons can be injected from the CB of TiO2 to the Vulcan carbon particle because the level of the CB is −0.5 eV versus NHE, and the reduction potential of oxygen for the one-electron reduction is −0.2 eV versus NHE. Since this value is less negative than that of the CB potential of TiO2 , thermodynamic conditions favor the electron transfer from the semiconductor to the carbon particle. 3.6. Photocatalytic oxidation of a model organic compound Fig. 1 suggests that the composite photocatalyst, when combined with ferrous ion in solution, should be able to oxidize species in solution by two simultaneous mechanisms: direct oxidation on the semiconductor by the photo-induced holes, • and oxidation by OH formed from peroxide by the Fenton reaction. This premise was tested by comparing the rate of decol- Fig. 8. Comparison of the fractional removal of color of a solution of aqueous OG-II dye (50 mg/L) versus time for films of TiO2 , and the composite TiO2 carbon material, under UV illumination with addition of 0.01 mM of Fe2+ . The UV light was supplied at λ = 365 nm and P = 75 mW/cm2 . J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 orization of OG-II dye in solution (50 mg/L) when exposed to either a simple TiO2 film or the composite TiO2 -carbon film, both exposed to UV light and in the presence of ferrous ion (0.01 mM). As shown in Fig. 8, one obtains with the composite catalyst about 30% removal of color within 2 h, which is more than three times the removal achieved with the simple TiO2 photocatalyst. 4. Conclusions This work presents a preliminary study of nano-structured, composite TiO2 -carbon photocatalysts. According to the results, it is possible to synthesize the composite films by ED. The resulting material was shown to promote photocatalytic oxygen–reduction, and our results indicate that, with an optimal ratio of carbon to TiO2 , it is possible to generate H2 O2 in solution at a level 50% higher than that obtained by TiO2 , without carbon. With respect to the band-gap energies, the action spectra indicate that the value for the composite material formed with Vulcan carbon nano-particles is shifted by −0.2 eV, making possible interparticle electron transfer. Finally, it was shown that the TiO2 -carbon catalyst is more effective than simple TiO2 for photolytic oxidation of an organic compound by combining the photocatalytic oxidation with Fenton’s reaction. Acknowledgments The authors thank the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT), and the Council for Science and Technology of Guanajuato (CONCyTEG) for financial support of this work (Grant GTO-04-C02-68). J.M.P.H also acknowledges CONACyT for a graduate fellowship. T.W.C. is a Cooperante supported by U.S. Peace Corps under agreement with CONACyT. References P.R. Gogate, et al., A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment. I. Oxidation technologies at ambient conditions, Adv. Environ. Res. 8 (2004) 501–551. M.I. Franch, et al., Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by adsorbed aluminium(III), Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 55 (2005) 105– 113. D. Beydoun, et al., Role of nanoparticles in photocatalysis, J. Nanopart. Res. 1 (1999) 439–458. A.H.C. Chan, et al., Solar photocatalytic thin film cascade reactor for treatment of benzoic acid containing wastewater, Water Res. 37 (2003) 1125–1135. J.M. Peralta-Hernández, et al., In situ electrochemical and photoelectrochemical generation of the fenton regent, a potentially important new water treatment, Water Res. 40 (2006) 1754–1762. 593 G. Colón, et al., A novel preparation of high surface area TiO2 nanoparticles from alkoxide precursor and using active carbon as additive, Catal. Today 76 (2002) 91–1001. G. Colón, et al., Influence of residual carbon on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 /C samples for phenol oxidation, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 43 (2003) 163–173. B. Tryba, et al., Application of TiO2 -mounted activated carbon to the removal of phenol from water, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 41 (2003) 427–433. B. Tryba, et al., Hybridization of adsorptivity with photocatalytic activitycarbon-coated anatase, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 167 (2004) 127–135. M. Janus, et al., New preparation of a carbon-TiO2 photocatalysis by carbonization of n-hexane deposited on TiO2 , Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 52 (2004) 61–67. J. Matos, et al., Synergy effect in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol on a suspended mixture of titania and activated carbon, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 18 (1998) 281–291. J.M. Herrmann, et al., Solar photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol using the synergistic effect between titania and activated carbon in aqueous suspension, Catal. Today 54 (1999) 255–265. T.A. Egerton, et al., New TiO2 /C sol–gel electrodes for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of sodium oxalate, Chemosphere 63 (2006) 1203–1208. T.A. Egerton, P.A. Chritensen, Photoelectrocatalysis processes, in: S. Parsons (Ed.), Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment, IWA Publishing, London, UK, 2004, pp. 167–184. H. Hidaka, et al., A mechanistic study of the photoelectrochemical oxidation of organic compounds on a TiO2 /TCO particulate film electrode assembly, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 98 (1996) 73–78. J.A. Byrne, et al., Photochemistry of oxalate on particulate TiO2 electrodes, J. Electroanal. Chem. 457 (1998) 675–677. C. He, et al., The enhanced PC and PEC oxidation of formic acid in aqueous solution using a Cu-TiO2 /ITO film, Chemosphere 58 (2005) 381–389. G.M. Eisenberg, Colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide, Ind. Eng. Chem. 15 (1943) 327–328. A. Wahl, J. Augustinsky, Charge carrier transport in nanostructured anatase TiO2 films assisted by the self-doping of nanoparticles, J. Phys. Chem. B 102 (1998) 7820–7828. B. O’Regan, M. Grätzel, A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films, Nature 353 (1991) 737–740. H. Pelouchova, et al., Charge transfer reductive doping of single crystal TiO2 anatase, J. Electroanal. Chem. 566 (2004) 73–83. L. Yangming, et al., Preparation and application of nano-TiO2 catalyst in dye electrochemical treatment, Water SA 32 (2006) 205–209. N. Keller, et al., Macroscopic carbon nanofibers for use as photocatalyst support, Catal. Today 101 (2005) 323–329. C.A. Bignozzi, et al., Molecular and supramolecular sensitization of nanocrystalline wide band-gap semiconductors with mononuclear and polynuclear metal complexes, Chem. Soc. Rev. 29 (2000) 87–96. H. Kozuka, et al., Preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of porous thin films composed of submicron TiO2 particles, Thin Solid Films 358 (2000) 172–179. F. Cao, et al., Electrical and optical properties of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films, J. Phys. Chem. B 99 (1995) 11974–11980. J. Manrı́quez, L.A. Godı́nez, Tuning the structural, electrical and optical properties of Ti(III)-doped nanocrystalline TiO2 films by electrophoretic deposition time, Thin Solid Films 515 (2007) 3402–3413. J.D. Kim, et al., Effect of hydrogen on stresses in anodic oxide film on titanium, Electrochim. Acta 48 (2003) 1123–1130. | materials_science |
https://www.cytosmart.com/publications/self-assembling-elr-based-nanoparticles-as-smart-drug-delivery-systems-modulating-cellular-growth-via-akt | 2021-10-20T06:42:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585302.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020055136-20211020085136-00123.warc.gz | 0.910371 | 259 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__62481914 | en | This work investigates the physicochemical properties and in vitro accuracy of a genetically engineered drug-delivery system based on elastin-like block recombinamers. The DNA recombinant techniques allowed us to create this smart complex polymer containing bioactive sequences for internalization, lysosome activation under acidic pH, and blockage of cellular growth by a small peptide inhibitor. The recombinant polymer reversibly self-assembled when the temperature was increased above 15 °C into nanoparticles with a diameter of 72 nm and negative surface charge. Furthermore, smart nanoparticles were shown to enter in the cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and properly blocked phosphorylation and consequent activation of Akt kinase. This system provoked apoptosis-mediated cell death in breast and colorectal cancer cells, which possess higher expression levels of Akt, whereas noncancerous cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, were not affected. Hence, we conclude that the conformational complexity of this smart elastin-like recombinamer leads to achieving successful drug delivery in targeted cells and could be a promising approach as nanocarriers with bioactive peptides to modulate multiple cellular processes involved in different diseases. | materials_science |
http://www.universalplasticsinc.com/tubing_extrusions.html | 2017-04-24T13:03:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119361.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00401-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.893023 | 241 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__308217087 | en | 2650 E. 40th Ave.
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Flexible and rigid tube extrusion manufacturing is our specialty! Based in Colorado, Universal Plastics has provided extruded plastic tubing in various sizes (including metric), and materials for more than 30 years. We extrude a wide range of materials. Because of our ample manufacturing facility, we have many colors and materials in stock for immediate use and shorter lead times.
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Streamline your production and save on downtime and costs for your extruded tubing products by using Universal's secondary operations that include winding, coiling, custom cutting and special packaging.
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https://weare.thefabricstoreonline.com/products/merino-hemp-blend-stripe-jersey-wave | 2022-05-16T06:26:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662509990.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516041337-20220516071337-00519.warc.gz | 0.837175 | 198 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__308856296 | en | sign up to our newsletter to get 10% off your first order! >
Merino / Hemp Blend Stripe Jersey - Wave
$5.50 USD $22.00 per metre ( $5.50 USD per 1/4 metre)
// A deadstock lightweight merino/poly/hemp single jersey in a wave blue stripe. The fabric has been knitted in an alternating plain blue and marle blue stripe. The hemp content gives this fabric a hazy marle fleck effect with slubs throughout. A matt fabric with an almost-opaque finish. This knitted fabric has a soft, warm hand feel and natural, mechanical stretch. The added polyester content gives this versatile fabric increased durability and performance over time. Merino wool is a soft hypoallergenic fibre with unique thermal properties that is easy care (machine washable). It is ideal for a wide range of fashion garments, sportswear, childrenswear and baby products. | materials_science |
https://armorapparel.ca/products/dbi-sala-fall-protection-nano-lok%E2%84%A2-self-retracting-lifeline | 2021-02-24T17:55:59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347293.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224165708-20210224195708-00572.warc.gz | 0.661668 | 164 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__4920103 | en | - Swiveling anchorage loop with carabiner
- 6 ft (1.8 m) 3/4 in (19 mm) Dyneema® fibre and polyester web lifeline
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CSA Certification: Type 1 | materials_science |
http://fredschollmeyer.blogspot.com/2012/10/sponge-frisket-used-in-painting-laid-to.html | 2018-05-24T11:46:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866276.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524112244-20180524132244-00155.warc.gz | 0.939857 | 122 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__35612154 | en | This is an image of the frisket film used in painting "Laid to Rust." I've also included two other materials used in painting the artwork. The object in the lower left is a natural sponge. I used this to add texture to the dried grass area under the car. I simply dipped the moist sponge in the grass colored paint and lightly dabbed it onto the surface. The object in the lower right corner is a commercially made texture shield (template). I held this up to the surface and using the airbrush sprayed paint onto the shield to produce some of the rust texture on the car. | materials_science |
https://www.reflexprinting.com/blog/antibacterial-lamination | 2021-11-30T15:19:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964359037.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130141247-20211130171247-00457.warc.gz | 0.918953 | 905 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__47731379 | en | Jun 20, 2020
Its regular laminates that have been specially treated with a silver based anti-microbial agent. It is durable and does not wear off with use. You can clean the film and it remains effective. It is safe and silver has been used for centuries in medical applications and to help protect foods from spoiling.
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Anti Microbial films come in 1.5 mil Delustered for use on 1 or 2 sided applications, such as menus, magazine covers, book covers, posters, documents, and any application where you want a dull finish.
The Polyester based films come in 1.5 mil, 3 mil and 5 mil thickness in a gloss finish. Theses films are designed for 2 sided applications and can be flush trimmed or have a sealed border on them. Ideal uses are for menus, brochures, posters, charts, hospitals, daycare facilities, signage or anywhere that has a high tough point.
Please contact us for more information:
Source: R&M Trade laminating | materials_science |
https://aliengearholsters.com/gun-belt-features | 2021-04-21T02:08:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039503725.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421004512-20210421034512-00188.warc.gz | 0.8927 | 397 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__122036762 | en | English Bridle Leather
The Alien Gear Leather Gun Belt is both comfortable and strong, using drum dyed English Bridle leather hand cut to the specifications of the customer. This type of gun belt leather ages well over time and will provide you and your handgun with plenty of proper support. Our gun belts are cut to the standard 1.5” width.
Embedded between the two layers of English Bridle leather is a strong spring-steel core. This durable, flexible material will provide you with a gun belt that will offer the strong support your pistol or revolver requires. Your steel reinforced leather gun belt will never sag under the weight of your gun. Pair this gun belt with a ‘Cloak Tuck 3.0’ IWB holster and conceal the strength of steel.
Military Grade Thread (Tex 270)
Our gun belt craftsmen use ultra-thick polyester thread to stitch the premium leather belt layers together. This prevents the gun belt layers from separating over time, while also adding a sleek appeal to the handgun belt.
Corrosion Resistant Gun Belt Hardware
This nickel-plated roller belt buckle allows the belt to effortlessly ‘roll’ through your buckle without damaging the gun belt. Couple this with a pair of sturdy snaps, and you’ve got yourself a good gun belt.
Triple Edge Belt Finish
To give a smooth and uniform finish to each Alien Gear gun belt, a select group of skilled craftsmen bevel, burnish and paint the edges of each premium Alien Gear Gun Belt ideal for open or concealed carry. The Triple Edge Finishing process also protects the leather from a variety of daily hardships.
Double Layered Gun Belt
Twice the leather means twice the gun belt strength. Every Alien Gear Gun Belt is made with two 7 oz. layers of English Bridle leather, which will provide your firearm with the support it deserves. Our gun belts are approximately ¼” thick. | materials_science |
https://shenangoriverwatchers.org/sample-page/recycling-info/ | 2024-02-28T06:12:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474697.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228044414-20240228074414-00478.warc.gz | 0.906987 | 609 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__189068665 | en | Recycling Resources for the Shenango River Watershed
2023 Recycling Opportunities
Shenango River Watchers hosts an annual Tire Recycling program on the Saturday of Memorial Day weekend every May. Check our current Calendar of Events for more information.
- Mercer – Lawrence Counties Backyard Composting Guide
- Vermicomposting / Worm Bin Composting Information
Pennsylvania’s Covered Device Recycling Act states that effective in January, 2013, landfills may no longer accept electronics. These items must be recycled. Items included in this disposal ban are televisions, computers (including monitors, keyboards, mice, printers), and cell phones.
Recycling in Pennsylvania
Recycling in Ohio
Reasons to Recycle
Why Recycle Aluminum?
- Aluminum is infinitely recyclable.
- More than half of the aluminum used to make the nearly 100 billion beverage cans each year in North America is from recycled aluminum.
- Recycling one can saves enough energy to run your TV for eight hours or a 100-watt light bulb for ten hours.
- It takes 95% less energy to recycle aluminum than create it from raw materials.
- Recycled aluminum requires less energy, so it produces 95% less emissions, such as greenhouse gases.
More facts about aluminum can recycling
Why Recycle Steel?
- Recycling steel prevents the need to mine additional iron and coal, the primary ingredients to make new steel.
- Producing new steel from virgin materials requires more non-renewable energy than steel made from recycled steel.
- Steel recycling saves landfill space as well as provides a scrap resource to the steel industry.
- For every ton of steel recycled, 2500 pounds of iron ore, 1400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone are conserved.
- At current rates of recycled steel use, the steel industry conserves the equivalent energy to power about 18 million homes for 12 months.
More facts about steel recycling
Why Recycle Glass?
- Glass is 100 percent recyclable and can be recycled endlessly without any loss in purity or quality.
- Recycled glass is always a component of making new glass (in addition to sand, soda ash, and limestone). The more recycled glass, the greater the reduction in energy use. This lowers manufacturing costs and benefits the environment. Raw materials are conserved and less energy demand reduces CO2 emissions.
Our Can Drop program has ended. We are extremely grateful to everyone who has donated their cans and scrap metal over the years to help us raise money for projects and cleanups. We would also like to thank Kilgore Sales and Service/ Towing in Hermitage for all of their support over the years, as well as Tri-County Industries for lending us the dumpster for several years, and The Engraving Place for allowing us to use their parking lot as the can drop location. Thank you! | materials_science |
https://www.lowcarbonenergy.co/news/new-wavy-solar-cells-could-revolutionise-efficiency/ | 2023-11-29T15:23:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100112.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129141108-20231129171108-00465.warc.gz | 0.936873 | 558 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__77131581 | en | As one of the world’s most widely-used renewable technologies, solar cell technology is evolving all the time. Most recently, researchers have come up with a new invention around solar power technology with the creation of what is being referred to as wavy solar cell, in reference to intentionally curvy cells that don’t conform to the usual design aesthetics of a solar panel nor weigh anything like as much either.
What’s in a wavy solar cell?
Researchers at the Power Roll in conjunction with the University of Sheffield have developed a new technique of using tiny grooves on either side of a cell with electrical contacts and then fitting semiconductors within the grooves themselves. The idea with this 3D design is that it reduces the complexity of a traditional flat solar panel by stripping out several of the usual steps along the way. This radically simplifies what’s traditionally needed with producing photovoltaic modules.
New materials and weight differences
The new type of wavy solar cell is unlike flat solar panels that are used currently. The ability to use different, lighter materials in the production of wavy solar cells gives more flexibility to manufacturers. The good news with this newer cell design is that it’s substantially lighter than current solar panel installations. This has a bearing both on the transportability of a pack of solar panels and where they can be fitted. With less weight, panels based on the wavy cell design will be easier to bring out to remote, off-grid locations or to ship them to local solar panel fitters too.
Once they go into mass production, the expectation is that these types of wavy cells will be less expensive to produce with no cost to their durability. The lesser weight with this new style is more advantageous to developing worlds in situations where panels must be imported because they’re not made locally.
In the push to make renewable energy better, cheaper and easier to set up, a solar panel comprised of lightweight wavy cells is certainly of interest to the scientific community. There’s greater flexibility on what materials are used, perhaps offering the potential for price competitiveness when eventually reaching mass production due to accelerating demand.
While new or wavy cells have pricked the attention of renewable energy enthusiasts, they’re still years away from mass production. In the meantime, the solar solutions we offer are still fantastic for saving you money on your energy bills, reducing your carbon footprint and improving your green credentials. We have decades of experience behind us, making us the perfect people to help you achieve a solar solution that’s precisely tailored to your business. You can find out more about commercial solar for business right here on our site, or alternatively give us a call on 01282 421 489 | materials_science |
https://sedulitas.co.za/shop/ion-implanted-silicon-detectors/ | 2024-04-13T07:31:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816586.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413051941-20240413081941-00819.warc.gz | 0.898404 | 189 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__77885997 | en | SARAD detectors have been approved for thousand times as OEM parts or inside our radiation detection equipment.
Key features are the robust design, low background and the outstanding spectroscopic performance even at low bias voltages. Only a 10 volts bias is required to deposit the whole emission energy of an alpha particle (up to 10 MeV) within the depletion layer. The BS types, especially designed for beta detection, provide a depleted region of 500 µm.
All types can be used under ambient conditions as well as in vacuum gauges. The entrance window is protected by an thin aluminium layer with a thickness of 50 nm (type V) or 500 nm (type E). The thicker aluminium of the E type detectors make them especially suitable for ambient light applications.
The detectors are delivered with a Microdot jack (industry standard) to guarantee the full compatibility with other manufacturers. BNC or SMA type jacks are optionally available. | materials_science |
https://www.truefiber.com/blogs/fiber-forum/what-is-a-fiber-optic-pigtail-and-what-is-it-used-for | 2023-12-11T12:03:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00235.warc.gz | 0.919282 | 2,235 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__298521492 | en | What is a Fiber Optic Pigtail, and What Is It Used For?
Written by Ben Hamlitsch, trueFIBER Fiber Technical Specialist, RCDD, FOI
A fiber optic pigtail is a type of fiber optic cable with only one end that has a factory-terminated connector and the other end exposed as bare fiber. A fiber optic pigtail is typically used for field termination with a mechanical or fusion splicer. When compared to field-installed rapid termination or epoxy and polish connections, pre-terminated optical pigtails with connectors save time while providing improved performance and reliability.
The manner in which fiber optic cables are connected to the system is critical to the network's success. Optical signals can travel across the fiber optic network with minimal attenuation and return loss if done correctly. Fiber optic pigtails are an excellent technique to link optical fibers, and they are employed in a high percentage of single-mode applications. This topic covers the fundamentals of fiber optic pigtails, such as pigtail connection types, fiber pigtail specifications, and fiber optic pigtail splicing techniques.
Fiber Pigtail Specifications
A fiber optic pigtail is a fiber optic cable with one end terminated with a factory-installed connector and the other end unterminated. As a result, the connector side can be connected to equipment, while the other side is fused in the case of fusion splicing and a mechanical connection in the case of mechanical splicing optical fiber cables. Fiber-optic pigtails are used to connect fiber-optic cables using fusion or mechanical splicing. High-quality pigtail cables, combined with proper fusion splicing techniques, provide the highest performance for fiber optic cable terminations. Fiber optic pigtails are commonly encountered in fiber optic management equipment such as an ODF (optical distribution frame), a fiber terminal box, and a distribution box.
What Is the Difference Between a Fiber Pigtail and a Fiber Patch Cord?
Only one end of a fiber optic pigtail has a fiber connector inserted, leaving the other end empty. A fiber patch cord is terminated with fiber optic connectors on both ends. Patch cord fibers are often jacketed; however, fiber pigtail cables are typically unjacketed since they are spliced and protected in a fiber splice tray. Furthermore, patch cord fiber can be divided into two parts to create two pigtails. Some installers prefer to do this to save the hassle of testing pigtail cables in the field—they simply test the performance of a fiber patch cord before cutting it in half to make two fiber pigtails.
Types of Fiber Optic Pigtails
There are several types of fiber optic pigtails available: pigtail connector types include LC fiber pigtails, SC fiber pigtails, and ST fiber pigtails, among others. There are two types of fiber optic pigtails: singlemode fiber optic pigtails and multimode fiber optic pigtails. In terms of fiber count, 6 and 12 fiber optic pigtails are available on the market.
Types of Fiber
Singlemode (colored yellow) and multimode (colored aqua or violet) fiber optic pigtails are available. Multimode fiber optic pigtails are made of 62.5/125 micron or 50/125-micron bulk multimode fiber cables that are terminated at one end with multimode fiber optic connectors. Fiber optic pigtails for 10G multimode fiber cables (OM3 or OM4) are also available. Typically, the jacket color of 10G OM3 and OM4 fiber optic pigtails is aqua. Singlemode fiber pigtail cables are made of 9/125 micron singlemode fiber cable and are terminated at one end with single-mode fiber connectors.
Types of Fiber Pigtail Connectors
There are various types of pigtail cable connectors terminated at the end, such as LC fiber pigtails, SC fiber pigtails, ST fiber pigtails, FC fiber pigtails, MT-RJ fiber pigtails, E2000 fiber pigtails, and so on. Each has its own advantages in diverse applications and systems due to their different architectures and looks. Let's go over some popular ones.
LC Fiber Optic Pigtail: A non-optical disconnect connector with a 1.25mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule, the LC pigtail cable connector is cost-effective for usage in high-density CATV, LAN, WAN, test, and measurement applications.
SC Fiber Optic Pigtail: A non-optical disconnect connector with a 2.5mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule, the SC pigtail cable connector is cost-effective for usage in FTTX, CATV, LAN, WAN, test, and measurement applications. This connector is most commonly used with internet service providers.
FC Fiber Optic Pigtail: FC fiber pigtails benefit from the metallic body of FC optical connections, which have a screw-type structure and high-accuracy ceramic ferrules. FC fiber optic pigtails and related items are widely used in a variety of applications.
ST Fiber Optic Pigtail: The most common connector for multimode fiber optic LAN applications is the ST pigtail connector. It has a ferrule with an extended 2.5mm diameter composed of ceramic (zirconia), stainless alloy, or plastic. As a result, SC fiber pigtails are commonly used in telecommunications, industry, medical, and sensor applications.
Fiber optic pigtails, like fiber optic patch cords, are classified as UPC or APC. SC/APC pigtail, LC/APC pigtail, and SC/UPC and LC/UPC pigtail are the most widely utilized varieties.
Choosing the Right Fiber Pigtail
When choosing a fiber pigtail, there are several factors to consider, including:
Compatibility: The pigtail must be compatible with the optical components that it will be connecting.
Length: The pigtail must be the correct length to accommodate the distance between the two optical components.
Connector type: The pigtail must have the same connector type as the optical components that it will be connecting.
Other factors: Other factors to consider may include the pigtail's performance specifications, such as its attenuation and bandwidth.
There are a few things to keep in mind when installing fiber pigtails
The Dos and Don'ts of fiber pigtail installation:
- Use the correct tools and procedures.
- Clean the connectors before and after installation.
- Inspect the pigtails for damage before installation.
- Don't overfill splice sleeves when installing them into the splice case.
- Don't bend the pigtails too much—no more than the recommended bend radius.
- Don't expose the pigtails to harsh environments; most pigtails are designed for indoor applications.
Benefits of using a fiber optic pigtail
There are many benefits to using a fiber-optic pigtail, including:
Ease of installation: Pigtails are easy to install and can be used to connect devices quickly and easily.
Versatility: Pigtails are available in a variety of connector types and lengths, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
Durability: Pigtails are made from high-quality materials and are designed to withstand harsh environments.
Cost-effectiveness: Pigtails are a cost-effective way to connect devices and extend the reach of your network.
Use cases for fiber optic pigtails
Fiber optic pigtails are used in a wide variety of applications, including:
Building fiber optic networks: Pigtails are used to connect various components in fiber optic networks, such as optical transceivers, optical amplifiers, and optical splitters.
Testing and maintenance: Pigtails are used to test and maintain fiber optic networks. They can be used to connect test equipment to the network or to isolate a problem area.
Data centers: Pigtails are used in data centers to connect optical transceivers and patch panels. This enables data centers to handle large amounts of data traffic efficiently and with minimal signal loss.
Telecom networks: Pigtails are used in telecom networks to connect various devices, such as telephones, routers, and switches.
Security systems: Pigtails are used in security systems to connect cameras, sensors, and controllers.
How to choose a fiber optic pigtail
When choosing a fiber optic pigtail, there are a few factors you need to consider, such as:
The type of connector: Pigtails are available with a variety of connector types, such as SC, LC, and ST.
The length of the pigtail: Pigtails are available in a variety of lengths, from a few centimeters to a few meters.
The type of fiber optic cable: Pigtails are available for both singlemode and multimode fiber optic cables.
The environment where the pigtail will be used: Pigtails are available for indoor and outdoor use.
Types of Fiber Pigtail Splicing
Mechanical splicing is a simple alignment device that allows light to enter from one fiber to the other by holding the ends of the two fibers in precise alignment. This method has been around for many years. It continues to be popular because it provides immediate, straightforward termination and requires fewer consumables than traditional epoxy-polished connector methods. Mechanical fusion splicing has a lower initial investment but a higher cost per splice.
Fiber fusion splicing is a technique that uses high temperatures generated by the discharge between electrode rods to fuse optical fibers. Fiber splicing is stronger than mechanical fusion splicing, producing less loss and back reflection because the resulting splice point is virtually seamless. However, this method requires an expensive fiber optic fusion splicer, resulting in a higher initial investment but a lower cost per splice.
To learn more about mechanical splicing and fusion splicing, read our article, Fiber Optic Splicing: Examining the Factors that Affect Splice Performance.
trueFIBER Pigtail Solutions
Fiber optic pigtails are a versatile and cost-effective way to terminate your bare fiber cable as well as connect devices and extend the reach of your network. They are easy to install, available in a variety of connector types and lengths, and made from high-quality materials. Pigtails are used in a wide range of applications, including building fiber optic networks, testing and maintenance, data centers, telecom networks, and security systems. We offer a variety of singlemode pigtails for your application needs.
trueFIBER presents the information on our website, including the “Fiber Forum” blog and live chat support, as a service to our customers and other visitors to our website subject to our website terms and conditions. While the information on this website is about data networking and electrical issues, it is not professional advice and any reliance on such material is at your own risk. | materials_science |
https://www.titanstrapping.com/tools-strap/pppet-strap-pis/?tx_eseverinclude_pi1%5Bp%5D=05000202&L=3 | 2023-02-09T00:08:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500983.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208222635-20230209012635-00789.warc.gz | 0.889424 | 451 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__186103217 | en | The fine art of plastics
PET belongs to the polyester family and is probably best known to us through the production of beverage bottles. The outstanding properties and versatile benefits of this thermoplastic material make it ideal for use in many other areas and as a strap.
PET tape does not rust and therefore leaves no marks on packaging or directly on the product. The elastic elongation of 8% makes it possible to hold the packaging firmly together even when shrinking - for example, due to stacking or drying out. PET strap is a real alternative to steel strap in certain application.
Polyester is six times lighter than steel and helps reduce costs on many levels. TITAN PET strap is made of 100% recycled material, is UV-resistant for decades and impresses with a high reliability rate. This makes it particularly popular for strapping pallet loads or bales, for example in the wood and building materials industry.
Finally, the "burst behaviour" and thus the reduced risk of injury is also a decisive factor for the frequent use of polyester tape. By the way: TITAN can produce and deliver PET strap in coils up to 350 kg.
|Technical Data |
|Dimensions ||from 9 x 0.60mm to 32 x 1.40mm |
from 3/8 x 0.024'' to 1 1/4 x 0.055''
|Breaking load || ≥ 450 up to 550 N/mm2 |
≥ 65,267 to 79,771psi
|Breaking load approx. ||up to 12,000 N I 2,700 lbf |
|elongation (A5) min approx. || ≥ 12 % |
|Surface ||smooth, textured |
|Winding ||oscillated wound |
|Form of delivery ||skid pallets, frames for jumbo coils, special skids on request |
|Quality Management ||Our quality management is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001. |
|Roll sizes ||Standard-roll 25 kg I 55 lbs |
Jumbo-roll 75 kg I 165 lbs
Superjumbo-roll 150 kg I 330 lbs
Megajumbo-roll 400 kg I 881 lbs | materials_science |
https://www.crazy3dprint.com/en-US/ | 2023-03-26T09:13:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945440.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326075911-20230326105911-00151.warc.gz | 0.774648 | 370 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__19019960 | en | CZ-300 (CZ Generation)
EASY INSTALLATION & OPERATION
Designed with functionality and usability in mind.
LARGE BUILD SIZE
We understand your basic 3D printing need of having a large build volume. Our CZ-300 printer provides a build area of 300x300x300mm (11.8x11.8x11.8 inches) for you getting started.
NEW NOZZLE DESIGN
The selected 0.4 mm nozzle is made of copper that came with the hotend supporting max temperature up to 260 °C. Its feature delivers good printing quality of this DIY 3D printer.
HEATED PRINT BED & CONSTANT TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Our CZ-300 printer is installed a heated print bed that can be setup with the consistent printing temperature from 40 to 90°C. Its feature serves variety of filament materials to fulfil your printing needs.
LCD GRAPHICAL INTERFACE
The control box uses 3”LCD adopted the graphical interface optimization for friendly usage.
SUPPORTED MULTIPLE FILAMENTS
PLA, ABS, PETG, Carbon Fiber PLA, Metallic PLA etc.(includes third-party filaments)
PRODUCT SAFETY CERTIFICATION
The product has CE, LVD, and FCC safety certification to keep safe in use.
Steel Nozzle Tip
Print Bed Glass | materials_science |
http://www.nano.unh.edu/ | 2017-05-01T04:07:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917127681.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031207-00585-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.813788 | 221 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__208157103 | en | THE MILLER RESEARCH GROUP
B.S., 1987, Clarkson University
Ph D., 1991, Clarkson University
Post-Doctoral Fellow, 1990-92, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.
Research Chemist, 1992-93, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.
Senior Chemist, 1993-95, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.
Assistant Professor, 1995-2001, University of New Hampshire
Associate Professor, 2001-06, University of New Hampshire
Professor, 2006-present, University of New Hampshire
Glen P. Miller
Class of 1944 Professor of Organic Chemistry and Materials Science
Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program
University of New Hampshire
218 Parsons Hall
23 Academic Way
Durham, NH 03824-3598
Welcome to our site. The Miller Group at the University of New Hampshire conducts research at the intersections of synthetic and physical-organic chemistries, materials chemistry and nanotechnology. We also initiate and conduct numerous outreach activities including industrial engagement and activities for K-12 teachers and students. Please explore our site to find out more. | materials_science |
https://mrcreationsllc.com/product/shockwave-impact-duty-red-helix-titanium-drill-bit-set-23pc/ | 2024-04-16T10:42:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817081.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416093441-20240416123441-00827.warc.gz | 0.902302 | 174 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__175409791 | en | Our MILWAUKEE® SHOCKWAVE Impact Duty™ 23PC RED HELIX™ Titanium Drill Bit Set is engineered for extreme durability and long life. The QUAD EDGE™ tip delivers a precision start and features four cutting edges to create smaller chips for faster material removal and less heat leading to improved performance. Designed with a VARIABLE HELIX™ flute that begins with an aggressive 35° helical angle and ends at 15° for rapid chip removal. The bits also feature an internal thicker tapered web that greatly increases strength, reducing premature breakage. Ideal for various applications including but not limited to wood, plastics, and metals. MILWAUKEE® RED HELIX™ Titanium Drill Bits provide up to 5X life vs. black oxide drill bits. The set is organized in a customizable accessory case designed for use in PACKOUT™. | materials_science |
https://3-dat.com/?page_id=52 | 2024-04-16T22:29:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817112.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416222403-20240417012403-00331.warc.gz | 0.912173 | 408 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__20692198 | en | As the rapid growth of population, the global community faces incredible challenge from energy consumption, the environment and health. Industrial catalysis not only plays a key role on reducing the raw materials and energy consumption, but also on the environmental pollutants control. However, Inevitable use of precious metal makes the prices of catalysts staying at a high level. Reducing the price of catalysts through reducing usage of precious metal as well as reserve its activities is a key technical challenge and economical concern in catalysts industry.
3D Nano-array catalysts invented in University of Connecticut provide a potential solution on reducing the usage of precious metals and critical materials in catalysts. 3D- Nano-array based structured catalysts provide some new opportunities for the structured catalysts: 1) enhance the mechanical stability due to the improved adhesion between direct grown nano-array catalysts and substrate; 2) improve the thermal stability by reducing materials aggregation and surface area loss induced by high temperature sintering; 3) tune the catalytic efficiency through morphology, shape and crystalline modification.
Through using our game changer 3D nano-array catalysts technology, 3DAT aims to supply monolithic catalysts with 30% lower price of state-of-art monolithic catalysts used in catalytic converter with the same or even improved performance. With the patented process, we in-situ fabricate the high efficiency nano-catalysts on the converter device, the technology not only can decrease the price but also improve the lifetime of catalytic converter for 20%.
3D Array Tech is developing Low-temperature Diesel Oxidation Catalysts, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to meet the emission control target for Diesel engine.
3D Array Tech is still in the R&D stage, and we just passed the proof of concept stage. We are working on the first prototype product for LNT catalsyts. We are expecting to get the first prototype and finish the catalytic performance test in this year. | materials_science |
https://carson.arizona.edu/person/spencer-yeager | 2024-04-14T14:16:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414130604-20240414160604-00893.warc.gz | 0.90919 | 151 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__19313411 | en | Spencer Yeager is a Ph.D. student studying Analytical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona. Prior to arriving in Tucson, he received a B.S. in Chemistry and Minor in Information Science and Technology from Temple University in Philadelphia, PA. His current research involves understanding electron transfer at organic semiconductor interfaces, where he primarily uses electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Understanding these processes can help set design guidelines for fabricating better performing energy generation and storage technologies. Spencer believes that these materials, which are low cost, printable, and environmentally friendly, will be the key to making renewable energy and energy storage accessible to everyone, and lead to a more sustainable future. | materials_science |
https://silverinthecity.com/products/2024-Baby-Baggu-p625072193 | 2024-04-25T05:11:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297284704.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425032156-20240425062156-00483.warc.gz | 0.949214 | 241 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156655045 | en | A smaller version of Baggu's original reusable shopping bag. Perfect for your lunch, a six pack, extra shoes, or a trip to the corner store.
Baggu's commitment to sustainability means...
Minimal Waste Design: To minimize waste and increase durability, reusable bags are assembled from one continuous piece of recycled nylon material, with the neck of the bag used to construct the carrying pouch.
Recycled Nylon: Starting with their Spring 2022 collection, all of ripstop nylon styles are now made with 100% recycled nylon filament yarn (up from 40% recycled before). This 100% recycled nylon yarn is produced from pre-consumer waste, which saves scrap material from being landfilled — meaning every Standard Baggu is now made entirely from nylon that would otherwise go to a landfill. This also conserves petroleum resources, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Recycled Packaging: Standard Baggu packaging is made from FSC-certified 100% recycled paper stock, with non-plastic eco-friendly coatings that are fully recyclable. The mailers they use to ship orders are made in the US from 100% recycled paper and are fully recyclable. | materials_science |
https://nativeaz.com/what-is-hydroblasting/ | 2023-02-06T19:50:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00827.warc.gz | 0.93752 | 762 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__31133330 | en | What Is Hydroblasting
Hydro blasting is a form of industrial cleaning where high-pressure water is used for lead and paint removal.
How Does Hydroblasting Work?
Force and flow both refer to the amount and pressure of the water. The specific material that needs to be removed will determine which tool needs to be used for removal. If the goal is to remove a substance, both flow and force must be considered in the equation. More flow obviously means more water, yet it also means the material/substance will move more, as well. More pressure is primarily used to “cut” the substance, resulting in less movement.
One final important consideration is the type of surface that is to be cleaned. Water applied at high pressures can cut some surfaces, including steel. It’s crucial to apply the right solution based on the surface material.
What Is Hydroblasting Used For?
Hydro blasting is used to clean interior and exterior spaces like pipes, boilers, tanks and cooling towers with high-pressure water. Many industries choose hydro blasting for their cleaning needs because it does not require any harsh chemicals abrasives.
Hydro blasters can also be utilized when cleaning drainage systems, reactors and evaporators. Essentially, the water is used to remove any stubborn materials/substances by force and flow. Hydro blasting has also been used to cut into flammable tanks without risking fires.
Check out this video by Native Environmental to see how hydro blasting works:
Native Environmental in Phoenix, Arizona, has experience in hydro blasted flooring products that include mastic, epoxies and thin sets, exterior paint removal project from buildings and tanks, and literally hundreds of miles of lead based paint striping from highways, airports and parking structures. Other hydro blasting applications include:
- Large mastic and epoxy coating removal on vertical and horizontal surfaces.
- Lead based paint removal from highways, airports and parking.
- Removal of non-hazardous coatings.
- Thin sets.
- Exterior paint removal from tanks and buildings.
- IDF rooms where dust is an issue.
- Stripping coatings from smelter stack on a mine site.
- Vessels and tanks.
- Polymer removal.
- Surface preparation and cleaning.
- Boilers, condensers, heat exchangers, process lines.
Hydroblasting Services By Native Environmental LLC In Phoenix, Arizona
Native Environmental has the equipment and trained personnel to offer a service to our clients that saves both time and money on large mastic and epoxy coating removal projects on vertical or horizontal surfaces. The hydro-blasting system uses high pressure water blasting equipment with full water and debris recovery to remove the mastic and coatings while containing all of the generated water and debris so that it can be properly segregated for disposal. The transportation industry has been using the system for years for the removal of lead based paint striping from roadways with a high degree of success, and likewise, Native has been using it to remove flooring mastic and lead based paint coatings, as well as the
Using up to 40,000 psi of water pressure, Native Environmental’s hydro-blasting services utilize equipment that is capable of removing almost any coating on horizontal and vertical surfaces, and leaving behind a clean and usable substrate for the purposes of re-application. Without the use of messy solvents that can cause odor issues and problems with the put back of other materials, this system can save time and money, particularly on larger scale projects. Use of the hydro-blasting system, with total recovery, allows a clean surface while still regarding the removal and disposal of hazardous substances. | materials_science |
http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/ap/ap4lab/en/equip/ | 2018-01-20T02:47:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888878.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120023744-20180120043744-00506.warc.gz | 0.917512 | 337 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__6763322 | en | Aerosol research needs various analytical instruments.
Many of the aerosol particles are less than one micrometer in size, which makes it difficult to observe under an optical microscope. Electron microscope is used to investigate different types of particles and their characteristics. Unlike optical microscope, which uses light to magnify the image of an object (such as magnifying glasses), electron microscope uses electron beam, which has much shorter wavelength and theoretically enables to observe an atomic level of objects. By using electron microscope and the sample's interference effect, their compositions, crystal structure, and chemical bonding state can be analyzed.
There are two different types of electron microscope; TEM and SEM. The difference between the two are that TEM uses transmitted electron beam to analyze the sample, while SEM uses secondary or backscattering electrons. TEM has following advantages: 1) it can observe the internal structures of a sample and 2) it obtains higher resolution. On the other hand, since TEM uses a transmitted electron beam, the sample must be thin, and TEM needs high voltage and high vacuum. On the other hand, SEM uses secondary electron which makes it easier to analyze the surface of samples. The weakness of using SEM is that an electron beam spread within a samples, making it difficult to gain a high resolution mages. TEM is normally used to observe the inner structure of particles smaller than 1 micrometer, and SEM is used when particles are bigger than that.
Some aerosol particles contain Nitrate, Sulfate, Chloride, and Ammonium. In order to understand the compositions and amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, we use IC. | materials_science |
http://douglas.co.uk/vb.htm | 2019-04-19T22:30:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528430.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419220958-20190420002958-00532.warc.gz | 0.80926 | 476 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__54009249 | en | US toll free:
+44 (0) 1488 649090
+44 (0) 1488 648975
Douglas Vapor Batch Plate
The Douglas Vapor Batch Plate is designed for both microbatch and vapor
diffusion (sitting drop) crystallization. It has 96 wells in the center and
several reservoirs around the outside. The reservoirs can be used to
preserve microbatch crystals by preventing drying out of the wells, or they can
be used for simple vapor diffusion experiments where up to 96 wells are
equilibrated against a single precipitant (preliminary experiments suggest that
this method finds more hits in screening experiments than the conventional
method of using the same solution in the reservoir and the drop).
Two versions of the Vapor Batch plate are available: treated (hydrophilic) and untreated (hydrophobic). We recommend the treated hydrophilic version for most applications including screening.
The untreated hydrophobic plates are useful for some optimization experiments and for some detergents and proteins. Experiments dispensed to the treated hydrophilic plates tend form disc shaped drops whilst experiments dispensed to
the untreated hydrophobic plate tend to form rounder taller drops - Please see example drops in image below
Please click here for detailed instructions for using the Douglas Vapor Batch Plate.
Holders are available from Douglas Instruments to provide a regular Linbro or SBS ( i.e. regular 96-well) footprint.
The Douglas Vapor Batch Plate was designed and is manufactured by Douglas Instruments. It can be obtained from Douglas Instruments and from Hampton Research.
Douglas Instruments is running a competition for the best use of the Douglas Vapor Batch Plate.
|VB-SILVER-2/1-80||Untreated hydrophobic Vapor Batch plates - box of 80 plates|
|VB-GOLD-2/1-80||Plasma treated hydrophilic Vapor Batch plates - box of 80 plates|
|VB-SILVER-2/1-10||Untreated hydrophobic Vapor Batch plates - box of 10 plates|
|VB-GOLD-2/1-10||Plasma treated hydrophilic Vapor Batch plates- box of 10 plates|
For prices see the Products page. | materials_science |
https://www.brooksplumbingco.com/blog/plumbing-service/what-to-know-about-new-plumbing/ | 2023-12-03T14:10:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203125921-20231203155921-00264.warc.gz | 0.963653 | 711 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__298066537 | en | Over the course of the years, many advancements have been made to indoor plumbing to further improve how fresh and wastewater are transferred to and from homes throughout Olympia and beyond. For many decades, the type of piping materials most commonly used included clay, cast iron, and galvanized steel. But each has fallen out of use by professional plumbers due to their tendency to break down or corrode.
So if you are looking to schedule a new Olympia plumbing installation to replace your existing pipes (this service is called repiping), it’s probably because your home was built in a time that these materials were still common, and your current plumbing is in danger of failure from corrosion. Fortunately, when you call on our team for this service, you can count on our plumbers using the right material, to ensure that your new plumbing lasts for many, many years. So, what are these materials?
This tends to be the most common type of metal used in plumbing systems today. Copper is used for hot and cold tap water, as it can effectively handle both—while older piping is more susceptible to corrosion from hot water. Copper is lightweight, easy to work with, and as a result, costs less than other types of metals.
Soft copper, also known as ductile copper, is easy to bend to make it easier for our plumbing to lay in new pipes. However, most water-carrying pipes do consist of rigid lines. Copper is resistant to corrosion, which is one of the main reasons it replaced steel. This doesn’t, however, mean that it is corrosion proof. There are some types of corrosion that can still impact copper, like pitting corrosion or damage from liquid, store-bought, drain cleaners. We’ll get to that below!
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
This is a type of plastic tubing that most homeowners are familiar with—if not by name then at least by sight. It’s becoming more popular due to its corrosion-resistance, even at higher temperatures. This makes it a great choice for hot water piping. It’s also flexible, and easy to shape to fit most spaces.
PEX (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)
This is the newest type of plastic piping, now in regular use in the plumbing community. It has a number of various benefits for both residential buildings and commercial alike. It’s very flexible and does not require elbow joints the way that CPVC or copper pipes do. It also costs less than the other piping options (usually by about 25%) and is not susceptible to corrosion.
Like copper, PEX piping is good for either hot or cold water piping and requires less labor since the pipes don’t need to be soldered together, which makes for a quick and convenient installation.
Stay Away from Liquid Drain Cleaners!
No matter what type of piping is running through your complex plumbing system, you can bring all to a halt by using chemical, store bought drain cleaners. That’s because these chemicals are caustic. Sure, they eat through a clog (though, don’t effectively remove it), but that also means they eat away at the lining of your pipes—until you’re left with corroded plumbing and subsequent leaks. Contact our team for professional, effective, and long-lasting drain cleaning that doesn’t rely on these store-bought “solutions”! | materials_science |
https://www.pks.mpg.de/research/highlights | 2022-12-06T06:42:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711074.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206060908-20221206090908-00828.warc.gz | 0.928306 | 393 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__304914555 | en | Amorphous solids, which include colloidal glasses, dense emulsions, foams, and granular materials, are ubiquitous and important in both engineering and industry. When subjected to a suddenly imposed stress, they can exhibit a transient flow known as creep during which the flow rate decays as a power law over time. This power law is characterized by a quantity called the creep exponent. If the stress inducing the creep flow is low, the material eventually stops moving. But if this stress is sufficiently high, the power-law decay can be followed by sudden fluidization. Together with colleagues from École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Université Paris-Saclay, Marko Popović of the Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems developed a theory of creep flow that can predict both the creep exponent and the time at which sudden fluidization occurs, as well as the temperature dependence of these two quantities. These predictions have been tested in numerical simulations and are consistent with previously published experimental observations. The key ingredient of the proposed theory is the new concept of a transient yield stress, which reflects the dynamics of the maximal stress that the material could sustain without flowing while it undergoes creep flow. Remarkably, the scaling of the creep exponent and the time of fluidization then follow from generic properties of the transient yield stress for both athermal and thermal systems. The success of the transient yield stress concept opens new exciting questions: What is the origin of the transient yield stress and what controls its dynamics? Can the concept of a transient yield stress be employed to describe other characteristic behaviours associated with the yielding of amorphous solids, such as shear banding instabilities?
Marko Popović, et al.
, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129
, 208001 (2022), Editors' Suggestion
Selected for a Synopsis in Physics | materials_science |
https://www.teckentrup.co.uk/industrial-sectional-doors/industrial-sectional-doortype-sl | 2023-12-03T04:41:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00133.warc.gz | 0.904913 | 454 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__295740736 | en | The Teckentrup range of SL sectional doors are made from aluminium frame sections, for a delicate overall impression.
Our glazing elements are extremely light permeable and provide an elegant optical appearance to any warehouse building. Teckentrup offer the SL sectional door in two thicknesses, 40 mm and 80 mm.
The Teckentrup SL 40 sectional door with aluminium frame profile and glazing elements is extremely light permeable and gives every building an elegant style. The high light penetration provides a friendly working environment.
The glazing shapes and patterns can be designed individually. Optimum light incidence creates a positive and pleasant work environment. Depending on your wishes and requirements, colour panels to match the frame section can also be combined with the glazing elements. Teckentrup offers the right drive for every type of door.
Implementing efficient thermal insulation and, at the same time, utilising the many possibilities of lighting design – this is made possible with the SL 80 industrial sectional door. The glazing will convince you with its excellent thermal insulation values and delicate appearance.
The SL 80 door type is fully glazed which permits viewing into and out of the hall, allows daylight into the interior and keeps heat inside due to their high proportion of glass construction.
The high insulating effect is achieved by the double side seals between the frame and door leaf.
The rot-proof bottom seal made from non-freeze EPDM rubber profile smooths out floor unevenness and protects from cold and damp.
It securely closes, seals and insulates the door in the lintel across its full width.
Our products attain a great thermal effect by combining many constructive features: The double-walled, 80 mm thick steel panels are coated with highly-insulating polyurethane (PU) foam and thermally separated from one another.
In addition, the door leaf is equipped with a rot-free double seal. In this way, it achieves an extremely low UDvalue of 0.58 W/(m2K)*. A quality that effectively minimises cold or heat losses and tangibly reduces energy costs.
* Refers to a closed SW 80 door with an area of 5 x 5 m. | materials_science |
https://www.stockpulse.com/montero-mining-and-exploration-ltd/montero-mining-catalyst-clip-with-president-ceo-tony-harwood-at-the-2018-pdac-in-toronto | 2019-12-12T13:43:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540543850.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20191212130009-20191212154009-00524.warc.gz | 0.897174 | 122 | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__124601077 | en | Montero Mining Catalyst Clip with President & CEO Tony Harwood at the 2018 PDAC in Toronto
Montero Mining & Exploration Ltd. is a mineral exploration and development company engaged in the identification, acquisition, evaluation and exploration of mineral properties in Africa.
Montero’s new strategy is focussed on the battery metals in Africa and is currently exploring the Soris Lithium Project in Namibia. Namibia is one of the most progressive mining investment countries in Africa.
Montero has a Rare Earth Elements (REE) project in Tanzania and Phosphate project in South Africa. | materials_science |
https://grapheneleaderscanada.com/rd-services-d/ | 2024-02-22T03:05:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473690.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222030017-20240222060017-00445.warc.gz | 0.91464 | 1,666 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__116230913 | en | "Making Great Products Even Greater"
Graphene Is the "Super-Material of the 21st Century"
Graphene Leaders Canada is excited to work with companies to develop game-changing solutions that change their competitive advantage in their industry and touch the world with green-technology solutions.
According to a panel of business and graphene experts attending a November 2023 Technology Summit, the “Graphene Revolution” is exploding. It is expected that by 2030, graphene is going to touch the lives of virtually every person, every day. The demand for graphene is expected to revolutionize the performance of many products and industries creating major economic growth.
Research and development (R&D) activities help enhance operations, develop new and better goods and services, and boost profits and competitiveness. GLC R&D services assist in implementing cutting-edge technologies and developing new products that are crucial for a business to remain competitive in the face of fast technological innovation. Through R&D development, GLC will work with your company to develop products that are difficult to duplicate by your competitors.
Our History of R&D Collaboration
Graphene is an ideal additive for various applications, including lubricants, coatings, structural materials, energy storage and composites. Graphene can also enhance any application where a liquid additive can give your products a competitive edge. We have successfully completed the development of graphene additives for clients in various industries specifically for their application and offer an affordable material solution to improve product performance.
Our Offerings: GLC Additives
Our proprietary production process enables us to create custom additives for a specific application. Whether you aim to develop additives for metal parts and surfaces, lubricants, a water-based paint, or any other product idea, GLC is positioned to successfully formulate an additive that delivers the desired properties. Our development options ensure that you can incorporate our customized additive into your product.
Our team of technical experts can help develop your custom additive by offering:
· Full-Service R&D for new innovation
· Consultation services
· Project planning and project management services
· Specialized literature review services tailored to your project requirements
Project Process: Phased Approach
R&D project will involve one or more development phases based on the
complexity of the project.
· Phase 1: Feasibility
Initial R&D to determine feasibility of project work. Proof-of-Concept complete.
· Phase 2: Validation – comprehensive development.
· Phase 3: Prototype development. The outcome is a product ready for
pilot or field testing.
· Phase 4: Field/Pilot Testing – Use in real environment.
Expression of Interest
If you are interested in having a discussion with us about your products and our services or have an idea where graphene can enhance your product, please contact us at [email protected].
Corrosion-Resistant Epoxy Coating Additive
GLC has the expertise in graphene-enhanced corrosion-resistant coatings and has developed a platform for multiple coatings applications.
Are you tired of traditional coatings that fall short when it comes to durability and protection against corrosion? Our cutting-edge graphene additive-based coating is a game-changer in the industry, setting new benchmarks for performance and reliability. Our graphene-enhanced epoxy coating offers unparalleled resistance against corrosion, ensuring your assets are shielded from the harshest environments. Say goodbye to frequent maintenance and costly repairs due to corrosion damage.
Our graphene additive coating is versatile and suitable for various industries, including:
· Marine and Offshore
· Infrastructure and Construction
· Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities
Upgrade to our graphene additive-based coating today and experience the difference. Protect your investments, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure long-lasting durability in the face of challenging conditions. Contact us now to learn more about how our corrosion-resistant epoxy coating with graphene additive can transform your projects and assets.
At GLC, we are at the forefront of innovation, and our groundbreaking graphene additive can seamlessly be integrated into concrete mix to achieve disruptive improvements. Through rigorous R&D and partnerships with a precast concrete company, we have demonstrated tangible improvements in precast concrete, validating the effectiveness of our graphene additive. Benefits of using our graphene additive include unparalleled strength, enhanced durability, increased flexibility, and sustainability.
We value collaboration and seek to work closely with you to tailor our additive to your specific concrete formulations and production processes. Our graphene additive is poised to set new benchmarks in concrete performance, offering a competitive edge and opening doors to innovative construction projects.
Contact us today to learn more about how our graphene additive can elevate your concrete production and to discuss potential collaboration opportunities.
Elevate your skiing adventures with GLC’s cutting-edge ski wax,
enriched with graphene for unparalleled performance. Our innovative additive
formulation ensures an even distribution of graphene within the wax, providing
exceptional durability against repeated wear and enhanced hydrophobic
properties for a smoother glide through various snow conditions. Say goodbye to
harmful flourocarbons. Step onto the slopes with confidence, knowing that our
revolutionary wax combines peak performance with a commitment to a greener,
safer skiing environment. Elevate your adventure today with GLC’s
graphene-infused ski wax and experience the difference in every glide.
Ready to elevate your skiing experience? Contact us
today to get your hands on GLC’s graphene-infused ski wax and embark on a
journey of unparalleled performance and eco-conscious skiing.
Polysiloxane Protective Coating Additive
GLC developed Polysiloxane Protective Coating Additive engineered to protect surface against rust, fouling, and more. Experience enhanced hydrophobicity, effortless cleaning, and superior fouling resistance across marine, automotive, and energy applications. Say farewell to corrosion worries as our additive forms an impenetrable barrier, extending surface lifespan by combating rust and oxidation. Enjoy surfaces that stay cleaner for longer, resisting contaminants and biofouling, while effortlessly repelling water and moisture. Simplify maintenance with quick and efficient cleaning, ensuring enduring protection in diverse environments.
Revolutionize your coatings today with GLC’s Polysiloxane Protective Coating Additive, where innovation meets unparalleled performance. Contact us now and elevate your surface protection to new heights, safeguarding your assets against the toughest environmental challenges.
Electroless Nickel Coating Additive
GLC’s Innovative Electroless Nickel coating additive infused with graphene offer Superior Performance. Our pioneering technique integrates graphene seamlessly into aqueous electroless nickel (EN) baths, allowing for simultaneous co-deposition within the nickel phosphorus (NiP) coating. This groundbreaking approach achieves stable graphene dispersion without compromising the bath chemistry, resulting in unparalleled wear resistance against abrasion and boosted lubricity. Experience improved heat transfer properties, optimizing thermal conductivity for enhanced performance in various applications.
Elevate your coatings to unmatched durability and performance levels with GLC’s Electroless Nickel Coating Additive. Contact us today and embrace the future of surface enhancement through our graphene-infused technology.
GLC Success Story
Through all of our development, GLC holds proprietary and trade-secret methodologies to integrate graphene materials into a liquid additive for product development. This ability to successfully and repeatably produce high-quality liquid dispersions and integration capabilities have provided GLC with world recognition in our ability to develop new product innovation.
Our technical team, led by Dr. Ushula Tefashe, Chief Science Officer, brings a combination of skills, knowledge and expertise to scientific development and innovation. Alongside, GLC’s Director of Research, Dr. Leah Coumont, has held the Vice-Chair position since 2018 for the international standardization of graphene materials.
The GLC team brings extraordinary graphene knowledge and expertise to provide the necessary elements for successful product development.
What is your product – and new development idea that will give you a competitive advantage? We are here to help you advance your product offerings. | materials_science |
https://separatorequipment.com/products/disc-stack-centrifuges/ | 2021-12-06T05:06:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363290.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206042636-20211206072636-00157.warc.gz | 0.891016 | 561 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__163689457 | en | Disc Stack Centrifuges
Separator Spares & Equipment, LLC is an Authorized Distributor for high-speed disc stack separators manufactured by WSK. We supply a full line of solids-retaining centrifugal separators and recommended centrifuge spare parts. They are extremely efficient in removing fine solid particles and liquid contaminants from different kinds of mineral oils.
Each disc stack centrifuge is arranged as a purifier but all parts necessary to transform it into a clarifier are supplied. Separation takes place in a solid-walled bowl that can be arranged for either purification or clarification. In both cases, the contaminated oil is fed into the center of the bowl where it is separated by centrifugal force into various phases, the heaviest phase (the solids particles) is deposited at the periphery of the bowl. The accumulated sludge and/or solid particles are removed from the bowl regularly by hand.
What is a solid bowl centrifuge?
A solid bowl centrifuge is a style of centrifuge that is used in Maritime, Power Generation, Oil & Gas, and Industrial Industries for the separation of solids and liquids. In marine installations and power stations, the solid bowl centrifuge technology can be used for cost-effective solid-liquid separation in applications such as purification or clarification of mineral oil.
What is a disc stack centrifuge?
A disc stack centrifuge uses centrifugal force to separate liquids with a lower concentration of solids and relatively small particle sizes. In a rapidly rotating high speed centrifugal separator the gravity is replaced by centrifugal force, which can be thousands of times greater. Sedimentation and separation are continuous and very fast. When liquid and solid particles in a liquid mixture are subjected to the centrifugal force in a separator bowl, it takes only a few seconds to achieve what takes many hours in a tank under the influence of gravity.
What is a purifier centrifuge?
A Purifier is a centrifugal separator designed for liquid – liquid – solid separation. The objective of purification is separating two liquid phases (which may contain solids) with the main purpose of cleaning the light phase.
What is a clarifier centrifuge?
A Clarifier is a centrifugal separator designed for solid – liquid separation. The objective of clarification is separating solids from a liquid phase.
How do you achieve the best separation results?
In order to achieve optimum separation, it is important to:
- Choose the correct gravity disc corresponding to the current density, viscosity, and flow rate. The largest gravity disc that does not cause a broken water seal is the correct one.
- Operate at a constant flow rate.
- Operate at a constant separation temperature. | materials_science |
http://diancempaka.com/pages/plumbing | 2021-12-08T13:34:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363510.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208114112-20211208144112-00588.warc.gz | 0.855345 | 456 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__187403668 | en | MM Kembla is a market leader, with nearly 100 years experience in the plumbing industry. MM Kembla is a respected supplier of copper plumbing products including Tube, Fittings and Accessories.
MM Kembla products are manufactured to stringent Australian and International standards. An extensive range of sizes and variations are stocked nationwide for prompt delivery.
All MM Kembla products are backed by MM Kembla's reputation for quality, service and customer care.
MM Kembla copper Plumbing tube is used for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage applications. Available as ‘Hard Drawn’ straight lengths, (BQ) ‘Bendable Quality’ (half hard) straight lengths, annealed layer wound packs (LWP) or, annealed pancake coils.
Pre-insulated copper tube is available with a green plastic sheathing for pipework exposed to aggressive environments, a biscuit coloured lagging for use with gas, and a lilac coloured lagging for recycled water.
A full range of capillary fittings, copper alloy fittings, and roll grooved fittings, for use in both pressure and non-pressure applications are available through MM Kembla, used for plumbing, gasfitting, and drainage applications.
- MM Kembla Copper Fittings Australian Standard AS3688 - brochure
- MM Kembla Copper Fittings Australian Standard AS3688 – catalogue
- MM Kembla Copper Fittings New Zealand Standard NZ3501 – catalogue
- MM Kembla Copper Fittings European Standard EN1254 – catalogue
- MM Kembla Copper Fittings American Standard ASME B16.22 – catalogue
Now available from MM Kembla is our new range of copper press fittings. See KemPress® for more details.
A full range of MM Kembla Assemblies and Accessories are available in various sizes.
The vast range includes; Combination and breeching pieces, recess combinations, recess tees, exposed combinations, washing machine combinations & adaptors, annealed & chrome plated copper tube, laundry Arms, spouts, bathroom accessories, water meter assemblies, pipe clips and saddles. | materials_science |
http://www.korteckr.com/products/ | 2020-05-27T11:44:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347394074.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200527110649-20200527140649-00482.warc.gz | 0.651526 | 428 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__51217483 | en | 100% SPUN POLYSTER SEWING THREADS
KORTECK Sewing Thread including: Spun Polyester Sewing Thread, Poly/Poly Core Sewing Thread, Cotton/Poly Core Sewing Thread, Polyester Texture Yarn, Spun Polyester Bag Closing Thread, 100% Polyester High Tenacity Thread, Nylon High Tenacity Thread, 100% Nylon Bond Thread
Color: color card with 400 colors available, small qty order acceptable
20/2 Jeans ,shoes,caps,leather products,etc.
20/3 Jeans,shoes,handbags,leather products,etc.
30/2 Art crafts,handbags,protective suits,etc.
30/3 Jeans,tents,leather products,handbags,shoes,etc.
40/3 Protective suits,art crafts,shoes,etc.
50/2 Knitting garments,suit-dress,underwear,etc.
50/3 Art crafts,decoration sewing ,field clothes,etc.
60/2 Ultrathin fabrics,underwear,suit-dress,etc.
60/3 Coats,suits,trousers,bedsheets quilts,blankets,etc.
80/2 Embroidering &clothing accessory
80/3 Underwear,suit-dress,full dress,etc.
Spun polyester sewing thread is made from high quality staple polyester fibers and silicone oil, could provide good seam performance and lubricity. Spun polyester sewing thread is dyed under 130ºC high temperature, has UV-resistant, anti-chemical degradation feature, is designed for both commercial and industrial use and can be used with serging and regular sewing machines.
High Resistance to Abrasion,High Chemical Resistance,Minimise Skipped Stitches,Excellent Colour Fastness,Extensive Colour Range,Suitable for High Speed Sewing
|Tex||Tickets Size||Cotton Count||Averages Strength||Elongation Min-Max||Recommended Needle Size| | materials_science |
http://www.cohomebuilders.com/glossary.html | 2019-07-16T10:21:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524522.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716095720-20190716121720-00378.warc.gz | 0.900643 | 2,291 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__40043512 | en | Aerator – A small, removable extension at the tip of a sink faucet that mixes streaming water with air to
reduce splashing and conserve water.
Air Hammer – A banging noise in plumbing pipes caused by air infiltration.
Airway – The space between roof insulation and roof boards, which allows for movement of air.
Alkali – A soluble mineral salt or mixture of salts capable of neutralizing acids.
Anchor bolts – Bolts that secure a wooden sill plate to a concrete or masonry floor.
Asphalt – A residue from evaporated petroleum, insoluble in water, but soluble in gasoline. Melts when
Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) – A specialized electrical device that will interrupt electrical power
where a short is detected. Usually installed in bedrooms. The AFCI is in the form of a breaker located in
the electrical panel.
Attic ventilators – Screened openings provided to ventilate an attic space.
Ball cock – A device in a flush toilet consisting of a valve connected by a lever to a floating ball. The valve
closes when the ball is raised and opens when allowed.
Baseboard – A decorative and protective wood molding positioned where the wall meets the floor.
Base molding – Molding used to trim the upper edge of interior baseboards.
Beam – A structural member transversely supporting a load.
Bearing wall – A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.
Casing – Molding of various widths and thicknesses used to trim door and window openings at jambs.
Caulk – Caulk is a building joint sealant used where two dissimilar materials are joined. In time, caulk
hardens and cracks and should be renewed prior to any painting.
Circuit Breaker – A switching device, located in the main electrical panel, that opens and closes
electrical circuits and automatically shuts off electricity to a circuit should it become overloaded. Once
the electrical load is reduced, the breaker switch can be turned back on to resume normal service.
Concrete dusting – A fine dust that accumulates on finished concrete surfaces.
Condenser – An exterior unit that is part of the air-conditioning system, which expels heat into the
Conduit, electrical – A pipe, usually metal, in which insulated electrical wire is installed.
Corner bead – An angled metal edging used to protect and form an edge where drywall panels meet at
Damper – A device in a fireplace that controls the air draft allowed into the fire.
Delamination – The separation of the top piles or laminate from the base to which they are attached. In
vanity and kitchen countertops, the warping or detachment of laminate material from the wood substrate.
Downspout – A pipe, usually of metal, for carrying water from roof gutters.
Drywall – Interior covering material, such as gypsum board or plywood, which is applied in large sheets.
Eaves – The margin or lower part of a roof projection over a wall.
Efflorescence – A white powdery substance that can form on a new block, brick or stucco finishes. It is
composed of water-soluble salts that are present in masonry materials and that rise to the surface via
Face frame – The front of kitchen and bathroom cabinets, to which the hinged doors attach.
Face nailing – Nailing through a finished, exposed surface so that the flat top of the nail head is still
visible after nailing.
Fascia – The exterior horizontal trim around rafters. Also positioned directly behind gutters and over
gable trim boards.
Flashing – Sheet metal or other material used in roof and wall construction to protect a building from
rainwater penetrating the house structure.
Flue – A vertical duct, constructed of sheet metal or clay that channels smoke from a fireplace out of the
Footing – A masonry section, usually concrete, in a rectangular form wider than the bottom of the
foundation wall or pier it supports.
Foundation – The supporting portion of a structure below the first-floor construction, or below grade,
including the footings.
Gable – The portion of the roof above the eave line of a double-sloped roof.
Gabled louvers – A vent with louvers located at the peak of gable ends.
Graphite lubricant – finely powdered graphite used as a lubricant.
Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) – A specialized electrical device that will interrupt electrical power
where a short is detected. Normally installed in areas where water may be present.
Grout – A white or colored plaster-like mortar compound used to fill spaces between ceramic tiles.
Header – A heavy timber and/or concrete beam that spans open spaces in walls, over doors and
windows, and provides support to structural members above it.
Hip roof – A roof that rises by inclined planes from all four sides of a building.
Honeycomb – In concrete, an open like cell like surface texture that occurs while pouring the concrete.
Hose bib – An exterior faucet connection for lawn and garden hoses.
Insulation – Any material high in resistance to heat transmission that, when placed in the walls, ceilings,
or floors of a structure, will reduce the rate of heat flow.
Jamb – The side and headlining of a doorway, window or other opening.
Joint compound – A plaster like compound used with drywall tape, to join sheets of drywall into a
smooth, continuous panel.
Joists – The horizontal support members used in constructing a floor.
Lockset – A door lock
Louver – An opening with a series of horizontal slats so arranged as to permit ventilation but to exclude
rain, sunlight or vision.
Masonry veneer – A facing of brick or stone laid against and fastened to sheathing of a frame or tile wall.
Masonry – Stone, brick, concrete, hollow-tile, concrete block, gypsum block, or other similar building
units or materials or a combination of the same, bonded together with mortar to form a wall, pier,
buttress or similar mass.
Mastic – A construction adhesive that is thick and waterproof.
Moldings – Shaped strips of ornamental wood used around doors and windows. Also used for base
molding, as chair rails and for exterior area molding. Molding finishes the junction of different materials
Nail pops – Nails that come loose from a stud and push joint compound up. Caused by normal wood
shrinkage and home settlement.
Pointing – The filling and finishing of broken mortar and stone cement masonry joints.
Ponding – The collection of water on driveways, walkways, or lawns. Ponding for excessive periods of
time is indicative of grading problems.
Rafter – One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof loads. The rafters of a
flat roof are sometimes called roof joists.
R-valve – The resistance of insulation materials to heat loss. The higher the number the greater the
Resilient flooring – Vinyl flooring used in areas such as kitchens, halls, bathrooms and laundry rooms.
It is capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation.
Ridge Vent – An open vent system located along roof peaks, which in conjunction with soffit vents,
creates ventilation through the passage of natural air.
Roof sheathing – Boards or sheet material fastened to roof rafters on which the shingles or other roof
covering is laid.
Scaling – In concrete, caused by freeze/thaw cycle. In painting, the flaking or peeling away of paint.
Shingles – Roof covering of asphalt, asbestos, wood, tile, slate or other material cut to stock lengths,
widths and thick nesses.
Siding – The finish covering the outside walls of a frame building, whether made of horizontal
weatherboards, vertical boards with battens, shingles or other material.
Sill – The lowest member of the frame of the structure, resting on the foundation and supporting the floor
joists or the uprights of a wall. The member forming the lower side of an opening, as a door sill or
Sill plates – A support member laid on the top of the foundation wall that serves as a base for the wall
Silicone – A synthetic lubricating compound with high resistance to temperature change and water.
When added to caulking, it extends elasticity properties and increases the life of caulking.
Soffit – Usually the underside of an overhanging cornice or roof.
Soffit vent – A vent located under the ceiling roof overhang.
Spackle – See joint compound.
Spalling – Flaking or chipping of stone or other masonry material. Similar to scaling, but the chips and
flakes are larger.
Stud – One of a series of slender wood or metal vertical structural members placed as supporting
elements in walls and partitions.
Sub flooring – A wood sheet flooring directly over the joists that supports the underlayment of floor
Swale – The soil contour on a building lot deliberately shaped to channel rainwater away from the home.
Tack strips – A wood strip with exposed tack points that are attached to the sub-flooring and holds
stretched wall-to-wall carpeting in position.
Tread – The horizontal board in a stairway on which the foot is placed.
Trim – The finish material in a building, such as moldings applied around openings or at the floor and
ceilings of rooms.
Trusses – Engineered wood structural members used to construct floors and roofs.
Underlayment – A flooring layer over the base sub-flooring, over which tile or resilient floor covering is
Valley – The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof.
Vacuum breaker – Also called a back flow preventer, this device is placed on exterior faucets to allow
water to only flow out of the home.
Valve seat – An interior part of the faucet valve assembly where the valve rests.
Wall ties – The metal pieces that tie masonry veneer to the frame of the home, or, when pouring
concrete, the metal pieces that hold concrete foundation wall forms in place until the concrete cures.
Washers – Round, rigid rubber or plastic discs used as a sealing device in water faucet valves.
Weather stripping – A weather-insulating strip of metal placed around doors and windows to reduce
water entry into the home. Also reduces air infiltration into the home or the escape of conditioned air out
of the home.
Washouts – An area where water has produced soil erosion. | materials_science |
https://www.lighting.philips.com.au/consumer/coralcare/features | 2024-04-17T08:17:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817146.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417075330-20240417105330-00789.warc.gz | 0.900158 | 145 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__116150627 | en | CoralCare Gen2 is carefully tailored to suit the demanding conditions of your aquarium. The new, slimmer design is still passively cooled and uses the most efficient LEDs on the market - all without any loss of light quality. It features:
• Low energy consumption and long lasting, offering over 25,000 hours of light
• Large thermal cooling surface (7kg) for passive cooling with longer lifetime than noisy fans
• Highly durable, professional-grade materials
• Coated metal housing, validated in salt spray environments
• Low risk of corrosion with proper maintenance
• IP65-rated, water resistant, easily cleanable glass cover
• No light sources will need replacing for the entire lifetime of the fixture. | materials_science |
https://toptopservices.com/2023/11/09/test-blog/ | 2024-04-20T14:19:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00807.warc.gz | 0.920019 | 1,383 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__103427960 | en | Roofing remodeling trends are evolving to meet the demands of modern homeowners seeking both functionality and aesthetic appeal. Sustainable roofing materials are gaining prominence, with a growing preference for eco-friendly options like recycled metal, reclaimed wood, and cool roofing technologies that enhance energy efficiency. Solar integration is on the rise, as homeowners look to harness renewable energy while maintaining the integrity of their roofs. Architectural shingles with unique textures and shapes are becoming popular, adding a touch of individuality to roof designs. Smart roofing systems are revolutionizing the way roofs are maintained, with sensors for leak detection and programmable features for optimal ventilation. Flat and low-slope roofs are making a statement in contemporary architecture, offering a sleek and minimalist look. Let’s take a closer look at the latest trends in roofing renovation.
Sustainable Materials: Environmental consciousness is a driving force in roofing trends. Homeowners are increasingly opting for sustainable roofing materials such as recycled metal, reclaimed wood, or eco-friendly shingles. These materials not only reduce environmental impact but also offer durability and energy efficiency. Metal roofs, for example, have a long lifespan and can be recycled at the end of their use. Choosing recycled metal roofing not only reduces the demand for new materials but also contributes to the circular economy. Reclaimed wood shingles provide a rustic and charming aesthetic to roofs. These shingles are sourced from old structures or salvaged wood, reducing the need for new timber. Made from recycled tires and other rubber materials, recycled rubber shingles are an eco-friendly alternative to traditional roofing materials. These shingles are durable, resistant to harsh weather conditions, and provide excellent insulation. Using recycled rubber helps reduce the environmental impact of tire waste.
Cool Roofing Technology: Cool roofing technology is a sustainable and energy-efficient solution designed to regulate indoor temperatures and reduce the overall heat absorbed by buildings. Cool roofing often involves applying reflective coatings to the roof surface. These coatings, typically made of reflective pigments or materials like acrylic or elastomeric coatings, reflect a significant portion of the sun’s energy. This reflection prevents the roof from absorbing as much heat, leading to a cooler building interior. The primary goal of cool roofing is to enhance energy efficiency. By keeping the building cooler, less energy is required for air conditioning and cooling systems. This can lead to significant energy savings and reduced utility costs over the life of the roof. Cool roofing contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing the demand for energy and decreasing the urban heat island effect. Cool roofing technology is adaptable to existing roofs. Reflective coatings can be applied to various roofing materials, including asphalt shingles, metal, and modified bitumen, providing an energy-efficient upgrade without a complete roof replacement. Various roofing materials are designed with inherent cool properties. Examples include cool roof shingles, tiles, and membranes that come in a range of colors and styles while maintaining their ability to reflect sunlight and heat.
Solar Integration: The integration of solar panels into roofing systems is a growing trend that transforms roofs into energy-generating assets. Solar panels or solar roofing tiles seamlessly blend with traditional roofing materials, harnessing sunlight to generate clean and renewable electricity. This innovative approach not only reduces reliance on conventional energy sources but also allows homeowners to contribute to environmental sustainability. Solar integration is adaptable to various roofing styles and materials, providing flexibility in design and installation. As technology advances, solar roofing becomes more efficient, cost-effective, and aesthetically appealing, making it an increasingly popular choice for those looking to embrace renewable energy solutions. Beyond the environmental benefits, solar integration often results in long-term cost savings, making it a wise investment for homeowners seeking both energy independence and a reduced carbon footprint.
Smart roofing systems: These systems represent a cutting-edge evolution in home technology, seamlessly blending innovation with the fundamental functionality of roofs. Smart roofing systems incorporate a range of intelligent features, such as sensors to detect leaks, programmable ventilation for optimal airflow, and even integrated home automation capabilities. The integration of these technologies allows homeowners to monitor and control their roof’s environment in real-time, providing a proactive approach to maintenance and energy efficiency. Smart roofing systems contribute to a more sustainable and comfortable living experience by optimizing energy use, enhancing insulation, and offering real-time data on the roof’s condition. As the demand for smart homes grows, the roofing industry’s adoption of intelligent systems is revolutionizing the way we think about the role of roofs, turning them into responsive and efficient components of modern living spaces.
Flat and low-slope roofs: Flat roofs have emerged as a distinctive architectural choice, offering a sleek and modern aesthetic to contemporary buildings. Unlike traditional sloped roofs, these designs provide a clean and streamlined look, enhancing the overall visual appeal of the structure. Flat roofs are particularly popular in urban settings, where space utilization is crucial, allowing for the creation of usable rooftop spaces for recreational or functional purposes. While these roofs require advanced waterproofing and drainage systems to prevent water pooling, their design flexibility and adaptability make them a favored option for modern and minimalist architectural styles. As the trend towards sustainable urban living grows, flat and low-slope roofs also present opportunities for the installation of green roofing systems, further contributing to environmental conservation and energy efficiency.
Green roofs and living roofs: Green roofs, also known as living roofs, are innovative solutions that transform conventional roofing into flourishing ecosystems. These roofs are adorned with a layer of vegetation, providing a range of environmental and aesthetic benefits. Beyond their striking visual appeal, green roofs offer natural insulation, reducing energy consumption and lowering heating and cooling costs. They act as natural water absorbers, minimizing stormwater runoff and alleviating strain on drainage systems. The vegetation on green roofs also contributes to improved air quality by capturing pollutants and releasing oxygen. Beyond environmental advantages, these living roofs create habitat opportunities for wildlife and contribute to the overall biodiversity of urban areas. Green roofs exemplify a harmonious synergy between architecture and nature, showcasing a sustainable approach to building design that is increasingly embraced for its ecological and aesthetic contributions.
The popularity of roofing remodeling is a testament to the dynamic nature of home improvement trends and the evolving needs of homeowners. The shift towards sustainable materials, solar integration, and innovative technologies reflects a growing awareness of environmental concerns and a desire for energy-efficient solutions. The diversity in roofing styles, from architectural shingles to flat roofs and green roofing, highlights the importance of personalization and aesthetics in contemporary home design. As homeowners increasingly prioritize functionality, sustainability, and individuality, roofing remodeling trends continue to shape the way we view and enhance the exteriors of our homes. | materials_science |
https://carmecrazy.com/the-benefits-of-ceramic-car-coating-over-traditional-wax/ | 2023-12-07T03:33:02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00430.warc.gz | 0.951206 | 833 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__35446341 | en | In the world of automotive care, the quest for the perfect shine and long-lasting protection has been a never-ending pursuit for car enthusiasts and owners. Traditionally, car wax has been the go-to solution for achieving that glossy finish and providing some degree of protection for a vehicle’s paint. However, in recent years, a revolutionary alternative has emerged – ceramic car coatings. These coatings have taken the automotive world by storm, offering a range of benefits that surpass traditional wax in almost every aspect. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore why ceramic car coatings have become the preferred choice for many and how they outshine traditional wax in terms of durability, protection, and overall performance.
Longevity and Durability
One of the most significant advantages of ceramic car coatings is their exceptional longevity and durability. While traditional car wax may provide a glossy shine for a few weeks or months, ceramic coatings can last for years. These coatings form a strong chemical bond with the vehicle’s paint, creating a protective layer that is highly resistant to environmental factors such as UV rays, oxidation, and chemical contaminants. This means less frequent reapplication and greater savings in both time and effort in the long run.
Ceramic car coatings offer an advanced level of protection that traditional wax simply cannot match. They provide a robust shield against a wide range of threats, including bird droppings, tree sap, road salts, and even minor scratches. The protective layer created by ceramic coatings acts as a barrier between the paint and these external elements, preventing them from causing damage or etching into the surface. In contrast, traditional wax provides only a limited barrier against such hazards.
Ceramic coatings are known for their hydrophobic properties, meaning they repel water with remarkable efficiency. This hydrophobicity results in water beads sliding off the car’s surface, carrying away dirt, dust, and contaminants with them. As a result, your car stays cleaner for longer periods, and the need for frequent washing is significantly reduced. Traditional wax may offer some water beading effect, but it generally pales in comparison to the hydrophobic qualities of ceramic coatings.
The sun’s harmful UV rays can lead to paint fading and deterioration over time. While traditional wax provides limited UV protection, ceramic coatings offer a superior defense against UV damage. They contain UV inhibitors that help shield your car’s paint from the sun’s harmful rays, preserving its color and finish for an extended period. This is especially important for those who live in sunny climates or park their vehicles outdoors.
Ceramic coatings provide enhanced scratch resistance compared to traditional wax. While wax may offer a basic level of protection against minor scratches and swirl marks, ceramic coatings create a hardened, clear topcoat that is highly resistant to scratches. This means that your car’s paint remains in pristine condition, even in the face of everyday wear and tear.
Ease of Maintenance
Maintaining a car treated with a ceramic coating is remarkably easy. Thanks to their hydrophobic properties, dirt, grime, and contaminants have a hard time adhering to the surface. This makes washing your car a less frequent and less labor-intensive chore. Traditional wax, on the other hand, requires more regular maintenance and is less effective at repelling contaminants.
In conclusion, the benefits of ceramic car coatings over traditional wax are substantial and compelling. These coatings offer exceptional longevity, enhanced protection, hydrophobic properties, UV resistance, scratch resistance, and ease of maintenance. While traditional wax has its place in the world of car care, ceramic coatings have raised the bar significantly, providing car enthusiasts and professionals with a more advanced and effective solution for preserving and enhancing the beauty of their vehicles. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, it’s evident that ceramic car coatings are here to stay, offering a brighter and better-protected future for our cars’ paintwork. For those who seek the ultimate in shine and protection, ceramic coatings are the clear choice. | materials_science |
http://www.clipsal.co.nz/products/conduit_ducting_fittings/rigid_conduits | 2014-07-29T20:51:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267865.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00459-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.861274 | 156 | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-23__0__158351927 | en | All Clipsal Rigid Non Metallic Conduit and Fittings are manufactured in strict accordance with relevant sections of AS/NZS 2053 Conduit and Fittings for Electrical Installations and have an operative temperature range of -15°C to +65°C. Most Clipsal Conduit Fittings are suitable for use underground and are marked EO (Electric Orange). Resistance to most common corroding agents, including the majority of oils and fats, inorganic acids, alkalis and salts, is a feature of Clipsal Rigid Non Metallic Conduit and Fittings. However, they are not recommended for use with Ketones, Esters or Aromatic or Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Unless specified otherwise all dimensions are nominal. | materials_science |
https://nanogeobio.info/collaborators.html | 2019-05-22T03:32:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256724.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522022933-20190522044933-00298.warc.gz | 0.854728 | 314 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__35672822 | en | Applications of spectroscopy techniques in environmental chemistry; phytoremediation; novel methods for the bioproduction of nanoparticles; development of analytical methods to detect nanomaterials and to track the fate of nanoparticles in the environment; and applications of nanotechnology to clean water among others
Elucidating the role that nanoscience and mineral surface geochemistry plays in major aspects of the earth sciences, including especially environmental issues and biogeochemical cycling of the elements; mineral-microbe interactions from both geochemical and biochemical perspectives
Medical microbiology, RNA replication, DNA/RNA sequencing. Kyle is the director of the Genomic Analysis Core Facility of BBRC.
Water quality modeling, watershed management, remote sensing
Modern and ancient deserts and their interactions with surface/ground water as well as the changing climate. In Rip's opinion, the El Paso region provides a unique natural laboratory to solve these problems.
Environmental isotope research, hydrogeology, and paleohydrology
Nanoscale materials characterization using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques. Mitsu is also an expert in electron energy loss spectroscopy and STEM- tomography techniques
Geomicrobiology, microbial diversity and microbially mediated mineralization in caves (Photo courtesy: Kenneth Ingham)
Origin‚ behavior and ecological risk of nanoparticles in the Yangzte River Delta and in urban environments
Copyright © Jie Xu 2018. Last updated: 2018-03-12 14 39 | materials_science |
https://business.hibbing.org/events/details/welding-basics-4048?calendarMonth=2021-02-01 | 2021-02-25T08:08:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350846.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225065836-20210225095836-00556.warc.gz | 0.921769 | 156 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__201183286 | en | We begin with a discussion of welding safety topics: the potential for burns, flashes, radiation, fumes, and other hazards. Students will learn about rod selection, welding procedures, weld penetration in to base metal and compare the differences between welding machines and different welding methods. There will be an opportunity to do basic ARC welding, run some weld beads on carbon steel plate, and weld two pieces of metal together in a T shape.
Bring a closed lid bottle of water. Wear closed toe shoes, long pants and sleeves, cotton clothing only (no synthetics - even shoes). Leather aprons are best but optional. This class will be held indoors.
*No refunds, materials included.
**Maximum 6 students (age 12-16 may need to be accompanied by adult) | materials_science |
https://sunshinerenewable.com/what-are-solar-panels-made-of/ | 2024-04-24T06:39:01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00384.warc.gz | 0.876463 | 478 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__104318882 | en | As solar power continues to dominate the energy landscape, understanding the intricacies of solar panels becomes increasingly important. At Sunshine Renewable Solutions, we believe in providing clear insights into the elements that make up this revolutionary technology.
What Are Solar Panels Made Of?
Silicon solar cells lie at the heart of photovoltaic energy conversion, harnessing the power of sunlight to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. These cells, whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline, are meticulously crafted to optimize energy production. By soldering them together in a matrix-like structure, they form the foundation of commercial solar panels.
The structure of a solar panel encompasses various components, with glass and metal comprising a significant portion. The glass sheet, often low-iron and tempered, serves a multifaceted role. Beyond providing durability, it features anti-reflective, hydrophobic, and anti-soiling coatings. These coatings enhance light absorption while repelling water and minimizing dirt accumulation, thereby maximizing solar panel efficiency.
In addition to silicon solar cells and glass panels, solar panels incorporate a metal frame, encapsulation materials, housing, framing, and circuitry. Each element plays a crucial role in safeguarding the integrity and performance of the panel. From protecting against weather elements to facilitating energy transfer, every component contributes to the overall functionality and longevity of the system.
The Solar Panel Manufacturing Process
Understanding how solar panels are made unveils the meticulous process behind their creation. From building the solar cells to quality testing, each step is vital in ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon cells each undergo distinct manufacturing processes, catering to diverse energy needs and preferences.
Embracing Solar Energy
As solar power emerges as the leading energy solution, Sunshine Renewable Solutions remains at the forefront of providing innovative solar solutions. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond installation to encompass education and empowerment. By demystifying solar panel components and manufacturing processes, we empower individuals and businesses to harness the full potential of solar energy.
With a steadfast focus on quality, efficiency, and reliability, we stand as a trusted commercial solar installer. Our dedication to solar panel longevity ensures that businesses can reap the benefits of solar energy for years to come. Experience the transformative power of commercial solar with Sunshine Renewable Solutions. | materials_science |
https://www.mitube.com/products/specialty-pipe/ | 2023-12-09T06:00:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209040008-20231209070008-00224.warc.gz | 0.926783 | 319 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__140947824 | en | The Specialty Department offers carbon, alloy/chrome, stainless, and high nickel pipe and tubing that is used in refineries, petro-chemical plants, power plants, and other related industries. Our product portfolio consists of but is not limited to the following:
- Carbon Specifications: A53, A/SA106 B or C, A/SA178, A/SA192, A/SA210, A/SA333, A/SA519, A/SA671, and A/SA672
- Alloy Specifications: A/SA213, A/SA335, A/SA519, and A/SA691
- Stainless: A/SA213, A/SA312, and A/SA376
- Duplex: A/SA790
- High Nickel Alloy: B/SB163, B/SB407, B/SB444, and B/SB729
- Size Range: ¾” OD thru 48” OD
- Other complementary products and services such as fittings and finning
Our strong alliances with quality international mills enable us to provide a wide range of products that single mills do not have the capability to produce.
Providing quality products is of the utmost importance to us. Our products are sourced from ISO and PED certified global mills in Japan, China, and Korea. Certificates for these certifications can be provided upon request. In-house engineers conduct periodic mill audits to ensure the consistent quality of our products.
Contact our highly experienced, professional staff to fulfill your pipe and tubing needs. | materials_science |
http://www.gianolacanvas.com/products.htm | 2018-04-21T19:24:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945317.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421184116-20180421204116-00526.warc.gz | 0.949069 | 491 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__8852248 | en | At Gianola Canvas, we use only the highest quality products in our work to ensure the longest possible life of your completed project.
Sunbrella is an acrylic, solution dyed canvas. Contrary to logic, the darker the color, the longer it lasts. This is because it's the dye in the fabric that has the UV inhibitors and keeps the sun from burning it out.
Sunbrella guarantees their fabric for a period of 10 years against sun damage, mildew rot and fading. We have seen the lighter colors last 10 years, whereas the dark colors last 12-14 years.
Browse Sunbrella Fabric colors and patterns: www.sunbrella.com
Perennials offers designer outdoor fabrics, made from 100% solution dyed acrylic with a three year no-fade guarantee. Perennials fabrics can be used for garden furniture, pool-side, or on boats, and are made to resist fading, mold and mildew.
Gore Tenara Thread is a teflon thread. It is impervious to the sun. The Gore company guarantees their thread for the serviceable life of the canvas. If the thread fails before then, they will pay to restitch your canvas. We have used the Gore thread for over 15 years and never had any claims on that warranty.
In years past, the typical vinyl window material was a 40 mil pressed and polished clear vinyl. Although this is still a good product, we now also offer Strataglass and O'Sea. These are the same 40 mil products with a polymer coating which makes it UV resistant and so that you can polish light scratches out of it. It has twice the life expectancy of the typical 40 mil vinyl.
We offer the Rainier Bonded Windows. They are made from .090 Lexan with a UV and abrasion coating or acrylic. This is a hard window bonded between 2 layers of fabric. Cleanly contrusted and beautiful to look through.
We use a wide variety of foams in our cushions, depending on what they are being used for. For dry applications, we offer a high resilient foam, comparable in comfort to the latex foams and quite long lasting. For damp or wet applications, we offer Dri-Fast foam. Unlike closed cell foams, the Dri-Fast foam is soft and comfortable, but will not absorb water. It is also far less expensive than closed cell foam. | materials_science |
https://sapphireandstone.com.au/product/green-phantom-quartz-natural-point/ | 2020-09-18T07:46:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400187354.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918061627-20200918091627-00387.warc.gz | 0.954184 | 309 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__136642276 | en | Green Phantom Quartz Natural Point 40g
Dimensions: 7 x 2.3 x 2.1 cm
Phantom crystal is a variety of quartz. It is a crystal or mineral deposit within a crystal.
Each crystal exhibits the outlines of many other smaller crystals, which are called phantoms. Phantoms are created when a crystal growth is interrupted and then begins to form again. The original minerals get washed away, leaving only the crystal to grow afterward.
Phantoms come in various colours of grey, red, green, white, and amethyst. They can be found in Brazil, Switzerland, Madagascar, Austria and the US.
Phantom quartz crystals are also known as ghost, spectre and shadow crystals. They usually occur in rock crystal, but are also found in citrine, amethyst and smoky quartz. Rock crystal is a transparent and colourless quartz.
Phantom quartz crystal shapes can sometimes be seen in the interior of quartz crystals. These phantoms are usually composed of other minerals such as hematite, chlorite or goethite and are sometimes composed of other varieties of quartz such as smoky quartz, milky quartz and amethyst.
Phantoms are believed to bring great healing and facilitate inner growth by bringing great transformation into one’s higher self. Used for meditation, balance, and aligning the chakras. The phantoms within a crystal are told to represent the many phases we experience in our lives just as the crystal has encountered during its evolution. | materials_science |
http://www.metrothinbrick.com/pages/about.html | 2013-12-13T19:32:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164987957/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134947-00052-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.917736 | 258 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__191833820 | en | METROBRICK® is a product of IRONROCK® Capital Inc.
IRONROCK celebrates well over 140 years in brick and ceramics manufacturing.
IRONROCK is a fifth generation, family owned brick and ceramic tile manufacturing company located in Canton, Ohio U.S.A. IRONROCK continues to take the lead in providing quality ceramic and brick products for a variety of applications. IRONROCK has built a reputation for a commitment to quality manufacturing and customer service.
IRONROCK PRODUCT LINES
The latest addition to the Ironrock family of fine products. METROBRICK® is an architectural thin brick for use in pre-cast, tilt up, and field applied thin brick applications. METROBRICK® offers the aesthetic of full brick with the benefits of a thin brick. METROBRICK® can be used for both commercial and residential applications.
America's Indoor/Outdoor Quarry Tile. Metropolitan Ceramics is the largest manufacturer of unglazed quarry tile in the U.S. Metropolitan is known for producing durable unglazed quarry tile that can stand up to the most demanding treatment indoors and out.
IRONROCK Manufacturing Plant - Canton Ohio | materials_science |
https://hilifebuilders.in/low-budget-modern-interlock-brick-house/ | 2023-05-30T06:54:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645417.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530063958-20230530093958-00737.warc.gz | 0.923918 | 1,943 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__135644341 | en | Tips For Low Budget Modern Interlock Brick House Construction
Nowadays, the construction cost is increasing day by day and Engineers are constantly researching on the durable and low-cost construction method. Clients hire builders who can build their house at the lowest cost and at the same time provide quality work. Construction using interlock brick is the latest low budget construction. Low budget modern interlock brick houses are picking up stream since their cost is 30% to 40% less compared to conventional construction. Flats in Thrissur are not implementing low budget modern interlock brick house construction techniques as it is not good for more than two storeyed buildings. Interlocking bricks – as the names indicate, these bricks lock together to form a sturdier wall. No cement is required for bonding. Instead, a projection is affixed to one side of a brick and is designed to fit into a depression on the brick next to it. A depression on the other side of the brick is designed to fit the projection of the brick in the contrary direction.One of the most attractive features of modern interlock brick house construction is that interlock bricks have a shiny outer surface and the putty can be directly applied outside and then the paint can be applied. These bricks are as sturdy as conventional mud blocks or laterite stones, and they can withstand massive loads. Interlock brick size is greater than baked bricks and hence it is 2.5 times more expensive.
Making of interlock bricks
Soil, sand, and cement are blended together to make interlocking bricks. After that, the mixture is compressed in a machine to create interlocking bricks. The bricks are then cured for seven days. When compared to traditional brick building, this could save cost.
Advantages of Interlock brick house
1. Earthquake resistance
Earthquakes impose a series of stresses on the building. Conventional bricks couldn’t withstand the stress because they couldn’t evenly distribute the seismic force over the construction. Interlocking bricks have strong earthquake resistance, which is one of its major advantages. Only mortar is capable of transferring seismic stresses, and if it fails, the entire structure would collapse. Interlocking bricks, on the other hand, are equipped to transport seismic pressures evenly over the whole building due to their self-locking pattern. Also, read low cost interior design homes kerala.
2. Low maintenance cost
Another excellent feature of interlocking bricks is that they might reduce the need for plastering. As a result, compared to traditional wall building, it saves time and money. Plastering works may be fully laminated by creating smooth finished bricks. A thin layer of paint can be applied to the wall to give it a smooth surface. Building walls with these self-designed bricks results in a clean finish that cuts maintenance costs dramatically. Also, read more about
3. Easy constructions and Dismantle
If you want to construct a house quickly, a low budget modern interlock brick house is the best option. It is quicker since it needs no plastering and its curing needs less time compared to conventional methods.
Same way, if you want to dismantle a structure made up of interlock bricks, you can easily separate the interlock bricks as it won’t get damaged.
4. Cooler interiors
Interiors with high compacted brick walls are often warm. It’s because the high density of the high-compacted bricks causes them to resist airflow, resulting in heated interiors. Interlocking bricks, on the other hand, have a lower density than traditional bricks, allowing for better airflow. As a result, modern interlock brick houses are substantially cooler. As a result, air conditioners are not required, reducing energy usage and saving money. Also, read interior decoration ideas.
5. Less labour cost
Expert labourers are needed while constructing with traditional bricks since checking the water level, spirit level, and other skilled work is necessary. That is why it is challenging for unskilled labourers to build conventional walls. Unskilled labourers, on the other hand, may quickly learn how to build with interlocking bricks. Furthermore, building using these bricks requires fewer labourers. As a result, it reduces labour costs, which is a huge benefit for entrepreneurs.
6. Less time and construction cost
Since there is no conventional construction process involved, it can significantly reduce the cost of buying cement, sand, stone dust, and mortar. Moreover, it also reduces the cost of labour and transportation. On top of that, the construction process is time-efficient. Usually, conventional bricks need 21 days of cure, whereas interlocking bricks need only seven days of cure. As it does not require plastering work, it saves money and time.
Disadvantages of interlock brick house
1. Wear and Tear
Since plastering is not used, it results in more visible wear and tear. Since there is no plasterwork, the lines between the bricks might serve as a breeding ground for insects.
2. Cannot withstand extreme weather
Extreme weather conditions like heavy rain may affect the building as it is more likely to leakage
3. Not good for high rise buildings
Not good for construction of more than two storeyed buildings as it cannot withstand the heavy load. Also, read more on types of apartments.
Types of Interlock Bricks
Interlock mud brick
Sand, cement and a special type of adhesive are used for the preparation of interlock bricks or compressed soil earth blocks. The sand is first ground into a powder in a crusher, then combined with 3% cement in a mixing machine. These blocks have an earthy tone that looks fabulous after a coat of terracotta-colored paint is applied. Low budget modern interlock brick house construction looks fabulous when a water-proof paint is applied. Interlock brick can be used for the outer walls of modern interlock brick houses. The outside walls can be strengthened by applying a thin concrete covering.
Concrete interlock bricks
The light grey concrete interlock bricks have a dazzling outside surface. Putty might be applied directly to the joints on the outside walls and then painted over. The inside walls do not need to be plastered; instead, putty might be used and later painted. Another benefit is that it is suitable for concealed wiring and plumbing. As the bricks are heavier, drilling nails is better.
Fly ash Interlock bricks
Fly ash interlock bricks are made from reusing fly ash industrial waste. Fly ash industrial blocks are also known as eco-friendly building materials and are commonly used for eco-friendly house construction. The making cost is comparatively cheaper as it is the industrial waste used for making. As these are made with special design and shiny outer surface, these don’t need any plastering. For protecting it from outside weather and insects a coating of putty can be used and paint can be applied to it. These bricks are easily removable and can be used to build new houses. It can be easily transported to a new location.
Techniques for modern interlock bricks house construction
- The base should be laid and a more solid foundation is necessary on the heavier interlock bricks.
- After the basement has been completed, it is covered with a layer of typical baked bricks. The width of this layer will be equal to the thickness of the interlocking brick wall.
- Above this layer, the interlocking bricks are placed.
- When laying the concrete for the roof, make sure the roof’s sides are slightly higher than the wall. It is necessary to withstand rain.
- The corners of the wall are entirely coated with cement once the building is finished.
- Once the construction is complete the corners are plastered with cement. As a result, installing interlocking requires sufficient pressure from all four boundaries.
If you want to build your house within a low budget , it is better you opt for modern interlock brick house construction. If you want consultation or help regarding low budget single floor house design, we have an expert team of architects and interior designers who could help you create mesmerising house designs.Interlocking brick building is gaining popularity since it decreases the cost of construction materials, construction costs, and construction time. If you are a nature lover and you opt for an eco-friendly house construction, then an interlock brick house is the best option.
Hopefully, the information above has helped you understand the benefits and drawbacks of low budget modern interlock bricks houses. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section below or contact us.
Hi-Life Builders is one of the best builders in Thrissur. Apart from building wonderful homes, our portfolio includes home care, resale, and home loan assistance and you will be happy to know that we have a dedicated team for after-sales service and property management service. For further information on our project contact us now!
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http://ptrhodes.com/?page_id=775 | 2020-08-12T23:51:45 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738950.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812225607-20200813015607-00082.warc.gz | 0.898225 | 651 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__86539623 | en | 900 HD SERIES
BARE IMPACTOR FEATURES (NOT TRACKED)
The SCE – HD series of Impactors are designed for primary or secondary crushing of highly abrasive materials, recycling materials and medium-low silica materials when large reductions are required. Highly abrasive materials include sandstone, gravel, granite, basalt, gold ores, refractory rejects, cement clinker and others. Recycling materials include asphalt, concrete, building rubble, bricks and others. Medium-low silica materials include limestone, dolomite, bauxite, shales, gypsum, clays, coal and others.
Extra Heavy Duty Rotor-SCE – HD Impact Crushers incorporate heavy, open disc style, four blow bar rotors as standard. Blow bar support beams are sized to ensure the SCE rotor has the highest moment of inertia available. This is important in absorbing the forces generated by the Impacting process and is a key factor in our success with achieving large reduction ratios. The rotor is supported by bearings mounted in massive solid housings manufactured from steel blocks with self-purging labyrinth seals.
Heavy Duty Blow Bars – The SCE – HD Series Impactor is equipped with 100 thick blow bars in 18% manganese iron offering the highest wear metal utilization factor available. The blow bar thickness can be increased to suit the crushing of highly abrasive materials. The service life of the blow bars is extended through a design that permits the bars to be lifted via the top as wear occurs or alternatively worn down and turned. Maintenance is safer and easier than in other designs.
Large Inlet Opening – Up to 500mm feed material can be handled in the extra heavy duty SCE – HD type Impactors. This ensures the large reduction ratio achieved by these machines is maximized.
Fully-hydraulic Impact Arms – Impact plates are cast blocks identical and interchangeable, thereby permitting optimum utilization. Gap settings between impact arm and rotor are adjusted hydraulicaly to allow the product size to be controlled. Hydraulic pressure on the impact arms is pre-set to resist the passage of uncrushed material through the impactor. If overloading, power failure, etc. causes material to exceed the pre-set pressure the impact arms retract in a controlled manner. Following completion of the retraction movement, the arm returns automatically to its pre-set gap position.
Wear Liners – Wear plates are generally cast from 28% chrome iron with a large proportion identical, thus interchangeable and turn-able.
Open Discharge – Large discharge opening allows for free discharge – no clogging – no capacity reduction.
High Serviceability & Access – The housing opens up hydraulically at the rear for maintenance and repair work. When the casing opens the blow bars are accessed in the vertical position. This enables the blow bars to be adjusted or replaced safer and easier than in other designs.
Every machine is constructed to handle a variety of crushing duties. We believe all customers should benefit from the reduction in operating costs these innovative Impact Crushers bring to the market. SCE – HD Impact Crushers include the best materials and the latest design features in all our machines. | materials_science |
http://www.president-lefilm.com/there-are-several-advantages-of-lightweight-steel-roof-truss-that-you-must-know/ | 2021-01-27T03:35:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704820894.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20210127024104-20210127054104-00308.warc.gz | 0.952293 | 459 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__179925541 | en | There Are Several Advantages Of Lightweight Steel Roof Truss That You Must Know
October 3, 2020
Even though it is lightweight, lightweight steel roof trusses have a high tensile strength of around 550 Mpa, greater than the tensile stress of conventional steel which is only 300 Mpa. This is because the flexible nature of lightweight steel roof trusses can absorb a greater amount of energy. Unlike wood materials which are more brittle and disintegrate more quickly. This stress strength makes the lightweight steel roof truss able to withstand collapse and maintain the stability of the building. If you want to replace your current roof truss with a lightweight steel one, we recommend you hire Roofing Contractors Afton OK.
The installation of lightweight steel roof trusses is very easy and efficient. Due to the nature of the lightweight material, the installation of lightweight steel roof trusses can save time and workmanship costs. Apart from its lightweight which makes it easier for the construction process, lightweight steel roof trusses also have a connection system that is not too complicated. The joints can be screw, bolt, rivet, or weld. This joint system also makes lightweight steel roof trusses or lightweight steel canopies easy to attach to other constructions such as concrete or wood.
Formations of lightweight steel roof trusses vary, can be made to follow various roof models. The lightweight steel roof frame can still be formed into various roof models, it’s just that the formation of a lightweight steel roof frame, must be adjusted to the load that the roof frame will support. If you want to ensure the strength of the lightweight steel roof design frame, then the distance between the lightweight steel used should be made tighter at the time of installation. The maximum stretch between one mild steel and another is 150 cm.
Even though it is made of metal, this lightweight steel roof frame is anti-rust. Using a lightweight steel roof frame not only keeps you from termite attacks. The lightweight steel that makes the roof truss is made of stainless steel, you know. An advantage for those of you who want to make a roof design with a lightweight steel roof frame to appear exposed because you don’t need to do finishing regularly. | materials_science |
https://shop.aimscomposites.com/products/ifr-1-5-gritted-rung-8-ladder-with-walk-thru-cage | 2020-08-03T21:18:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735833.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200803195435-20200803225435-00523.warc.gz | 0.899963 | 150 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__95614244 | en | READY TO ASSEMBLE
DeltaLadder Systems may be purchased in modular kits for fast, hassle-free installation. Ladders are available in standard heights ranging from 8' to 24', with splicing kits available for longer lengths. Optional safety cage kits are designed with pre-drilled hoops for easy attachment. Choose from standard fiberglass ladders for regular, close stand-off supports, or stiffened ladders for longer spans between supports.
DeltaLadder Systems are one-third the weight of steel and require less maintenance and upkeep. That's because they're manufactured with the optimal combination of fiberglass rovings and isophthalic polyester or vinyl ester resins, ensuring a long, corrosion-free life. | materials_science |
https://www.istma-europe.com/en/istma-europe/news/28th-international-colloquium-plastics-technology-93 | 2024-04-20T12:49:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00330.warc.gz | 0.921418 | 655 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__10856508 | en | The Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) in Industry and the Skilled Crafts at RWTH Aachen University extends a cordial invitation to attend the 28th International Colloquium Plastics Technology in Aachen on February 24 and 25, 2016. The event, which is held every two years, is again expected to attract some 800 experts from the global plastics industry. In 2014, the Colloquium brought together delegates from more than 300 companies and 15 nations. Because of the international character of the event, all the papers will be interpreted simultaneously into English.
"Recruiting. Networking. Innovating." is the leitmotif of the IKV Colloquium. Scientific assistants from the Institute will speak in 36 papers about ongoing research projects at IKV, while well-known industry experts will underline the practical relevance of the research results for the industry.
Furthermore, five plenary lectures given by high-calibre speakers from the plastics segment will deal with the latest topics affecting the industry as there are additive manufacture, "Industry 4.0" and lightweight construction. Dr. Jochen Kopp from BMW, for example, will talk about the use of plastics for lightweight construction in the automotive industry. Dr. Heinz Neubert from Siemens will look at the additive manufacturing of plastic parts in a digitised industry, and Günter Hofmann from Werkzeugbau Siegfried Hofmann will speak about additive manufacture in mould construction. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hopmann, the head of IKV, will open the Colloquium with a lecture on Industry 4.0 and strategies for plastics technologies, and he will look at the subject of additive manufacture from his point of view as a researcher.
At "IKV 360°" on the afternoon of the first day, IKV will open its doors to the IKV technical laboratories and pilot plants to enable the Colloquium delegates to experience the Institute's research first hand. While the machines and testing equipment are in operation, the IKV scientists will be present to answer any questions. The presentations on the second day of the Colloquium are aimed at deepening the practical impressions gained at the various demonstrations in the laboratories.
The accompanying trade show in the foyer of the Eurogress Aachen has always been an integral part of the IKV Colloquium. It offers exhibitors an opportunity to present solutions for the plastics industry and to discuss relevant topics with industry partners. More than 50 exhibitors are expected to participate, and the Colloquium will give them an opportunity to nurture contacts with business associates or make new contacts with experts from the industry.
Another item on the agenda is the award of the Georg Menges Prize, donated by the VDMA, PlasticsEurope and the IKV Association of Sponsors. It will be presented for the tenth time in 2016. The award is made to an outstanding personality or group of people in the plastics industry who have made a particularly valuable contribution to cooperation between industry and science.
Additional information at: www.ikv-colloquium.com / www.ikv-aachen.de | materials_science |
https://saladandsides.com/how-many-valence-electrons-does-barium-have-2/ | 2023-03-26T02:27:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945381.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326013652-20230326043652-00687.warc.gz | 0.954631 | 386 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__45881645 | en | Are you looking for information on how many valence electrons barium has? Barium is a chemical element with atomic number 56 and an atomic weight of 137.33. It is a soft, silvery white metal found in nature, and is part of the alkaline earth metals group of elements. Valence electrons are electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom, and they are responsible for the chemical behavior of elements. So, how many valence electrons does barium have?
The answer is two valence electrons. Barium has two valence electrons in its outermost shell, giving it a +2 oxidation state. This means that it is a very reactive element, forming compounds with other elements easily. Barium’s two valence electrons are also the reason why it is so reactive.
The electron configuration for barium is [Xe] 6s2. This means that barium has two electrons in its outermost shell, or valence shell. The two valence electrons are in the 6s orbital, which is the outermost electron shell in barium. This is also why barium has a +2 oxidation state.
The two valence electrons of barium are responsible for its chemical behavior. Valence electrons are responsible for the reactions that occur between atoms of different elements. When barium reacts with other elements, it will form compounds with them. The formation of compounds is dependent on the number of valence electrons that barium has.
In summary, barium has two valence electrons in its outermost shell, giving it a +2 oxidation state. This is why barium is so reactive, forming compounds with other elements easily. The two valence electrons are also responsible for the chemical behavior of barium, allowing it to form compounds with other elements. Knowing how many valence electrons barium has can help in understanding its chemical behavior and reactivity. | materials_science |
https://www.littlewhitesneakers.com/en-us/products/happymess-waffle-blanket-lavender | 2023-09-22T14:23:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506420.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922134342-20230922164342-00602.warc.gz | 0.927082 | 227 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__110673132 | en | Happymess- Waffle Blanket- Lavender
Happymess from Poland has created this soft linen blanket has a beautiful natural look and structure. Soft to the touch and light, convenient to use as a cover at home, on a walk or on the beach. Thanks to the unique linen properties, blanket can be also used as a towel. We recommend taking it when travelling, they will be irreplaceable in many situations.
They pack the blanket in a cotton backpack, in which you can take it anywhere you want.
48% linen, 52% cotton with OEKO-TEX 100 certificate
Blanket is made of the ideal combination of linen and cotton. Linen has amazing qualities. It absorbs the water on the highest level among all natural fabrics. This fiber can absorb up to 25% of its weight and does not feel wet. Linen has anti allergic and antibacterial properties, is a natural antiseptic. Moreover, it protects against harmful UV radiation.
dimensions: 115 cm x 85 cm (+/- 5 cm due to the flexible fabric’s properties) | materials_science |
https://www.neotechproducts.com/product-category/all-products/ | 2021-08-01T17:40:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154214.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801154943-20210801184943-00109.warc.gz | 0.872939 | 174 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__230667540 | en | - Reflective foil helps protect against ambient and radiant heat
- Cute smiley face design
- Skin friendly silicone gel adhesive base
- Reposition as needed
- Foam layer insulation
- Probe pocket for disposable or reusable probes
- Not made with natural rubber latex or plasticizer DEHP
Website orders restricted to U.S. customers. NeoSmile Plus offers a temperature probe cover that can be repositioned! Unlike our original NeoSmile that uses hydrocolloid for long-lasting adhesion, NeoSmile Plus features a silicone gel base. It’s a skin friendly option that can be moved or adjusted as needed. NeoSmile Plus securely holds the probe in place for reliable readings. The reflective foil cover helps protect the probe from ambient and radiant heat in an incubator, and the foam layer provides added insulation. | materials_science |
http://china-hengli.com/Gear-Pump/Stainless-Steel-Gear-Pump.html | 2020-08-04T08:42:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804073038-20200804103038-00503.warc.gz | 0.68606 | 255 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__13999963 | en | Stainless steel gear pump application scope:
1. Medicine industry
2. Fine chemical industry
3. Food industry
4. Cosmetics industry
5. Printing and dyeing industry
6. Brewing industry
KCB stainless steel gear pump
Pump may be used for pumping oils and fuel oils such as diesel, vegetable oil, Palm Oil, kerosene, biodiesel, motor oil, and even glycerol (waste product in biodiesel process).
MODEL: KCB 18.3,KCB 33.3,KCB 55,KCB83.3,KCB 135,KCB 200,KCB 300,KCB 483.3,KCB 633, KCB 960,KCB 1200,KCB 1600,KCB 2500,KCB 3800,KCB 5400,KCB 9600.
YCB stainless steel gear pump
2CY stainless steel gear pump
NYP stainless steel gear pump with jacketed for high viscosity liquid
pump inlet and outlet:15~200mm
Drive mode:Gear motor drive;
Liquid viscosity range:10~300000cst;
Seal: packing seal/mechanical seal. | materials_science |
https://www.ajanspare.com/diy-carbon-fiber/ | 2024-04-24T13:22:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819273.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424112049-20240424142049-00800.warc.gz | 0.887013 | 3,280 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__114580137 | en | Are you a creative soul with a passion for engineering and design? Are you fascinated by the incredible strength and lightweight properties of carbon fiber? Well, look no further! In this article, we will dive into the fascinating world of DIY carbon fiber, where you can unleash your inner engineer and create your own carbon fiber masterpieces. Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or just starting out, this guide will provide you with all the knowledge and inspiration you need to embark on your own carbon fiber journey.
Carbon fiber is a composite material made up of thin strands of carbon woven together. It is renowned for its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making it a sought-after material in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. With the advent of DIY carbon fiber, this incredible material is now accessible to the average enthusiast, allowing you to turn your wildest carbon fiber dreams into reality.
Understanding the Basics: What is Carbon Fiber?
The Composition of Carbon Fiber
Carbon fiber is composed of tiny strands of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a specific pattern. These carbon strands, also known as carbon filaments, are incredibly thin, with a diameter of about 5-10 micrometers. The arrangement of these filaments gives carbon fiber its unique properties.
The Properties of Carbon Fiber
Carbon fiber exhibits exceptional strength and stiffness, surpassing that of many traditional materials like steel and aluminum. Despite its strength, carbon fiber is incredibly lightweight, making it ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical. Additionally, carbon fiber is resistant to corrosion and has excellent thermal conductivity.
The Manufacturing Process of Carbon Fiber
The manufacturing process of carbon fiber is complex and involves several steps. It begins with the precursor material, typically a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or pitch. The precursor material undergoes a process called carbonization, where it is heated to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process eliminates non-carbon elements, leaving behind a carbon-rich material. The carbon material is then stretched into fibers and woven together to create the final carbon fiber product.
Tools of the Trade: Essential Equipment for DIY Carbon Fiber Projects
Molds and Vacuum Bags
When it comes to DIY carbon fiber projects, molds and vacuum bags are essential tools. Molds provide the shape and structure for your carbon fiber parts, while vacuum bags help create a uniform pressure during the curing process. Molds can be made of various materials such as aluminum, epoxy resin, or even 3D-printed plastic.
To work with carbon fiber, you’ll need cutting tools that can handle its tough and abrasive nature. Diamond-coated blades or carbide-tipped tools are commonly used to cut carbon fiber sheets and trim excess material.
Resins and Adhesives
Resins and adhesives play a crucial role in bonding carbon fiber layers and providing structural integrity to your projects. Epoxy resin is the most commonly used resin for carbon fiber applications due to its excellent bonding properties and compatibility with carbon fiber.
Release agents are substances that prevent the adhesion of the carbon fiber to the mold surface. They create a barrier between the mold and the carbon fiber, allowing for easy removal once the part is cured. Common release agents include wax, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and semi-permanent mold release sprays.
Working with carbon fiber involves some safety considerations. It is essential to wear protective gear such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask to prevent skin irritation and inhalation of carbon fiber particles. Additionally, ensure you work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to fumes from resins and adhesives.
Getting Started: Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your First Carbon Fiber Project
Designing Your Project
Before diving into the manufacturing process, it is crucial to have a well-thought-out design for your carbon fiber project. Consider the dimensions, shape, and functionality of the part you want to create. Sketch out your design, or use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create a detailed blueprint.
Preparing the Mold
Once you have your design ready, it’s time to prepare the mold. If using an existing mold, ensure it is clean and free from any debris or imperfections. If creating your own mold, follow the necessary steps to construct it using the appropriate materials.
Preparing the Carbon Fiber Sheets
Carbon fiber sheets come in various thicknesses and weaves. Choose the appropriate sheet size and weave pattern for your project. Before cutting the sheets, it is essential to mark the orientation and alignment to ensure proper placement during the layup process.
Laying the Carbon Fiber Sheets
The layup process involves carefully placing the carbon fiber sheets onto the mold in the desired orientation. Apply a thin layer of epoxy resin to the mold surface to create a bonding surface for the carbon fiber. Gently press the carbon fiber sheets onto the mold, ensuring they are free from wrinkles, bubbles, or misalignments.
Curing the Resin
Once the carbon fiber sheets are in place, it’s time to cure the resin. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing and applying the resin. Depending on the type of resin used, curing may involve applying heat or simply allowing the resin to cure at room temperature. Use a vacuum bag or other appropriate pressure application method to ensure a uniform cure.
Trimming and Finishing
After the resin has fully cured, carefully remove the part from the mold. Use cutting tools to trim any excess carbon fiber and sand the edges for a smooth finish. Depending on your project, additional finishing steps such as painting or clear coating may be necessary.
Tips and Tricks: Expert Advice for Flawless Carbon Fiber Creations
Preventing Air Bubbles
Air bubbles can weaken the structural integrity of your carbon fiber parts. To prevent air bubbles, ensure that the carbon fiber sheets are properly aligned and free from wrinkles or folds. Apply the epoxy resin in thin, even coats, and use a squeegee or roller to remove any trapped air.
Achieving a Smooth Finish
To achieve a smooth finish on your carbon fiber parts, sand the cured resin with progressively finer grit sandpaper. Start with a coarser grit to remove any imperfections or excess resin, then gradually move to finer grits for a polished finish. Finish off with a polishing compound for a glossy shine.
Creating Complex Shapes
Carbon fiber allows for the creation of complex and intricate shapes. To create curved or contoured parts, consider using pre-preg carbon fiber sheets and molds that can be heated and shaped. This technique, known as thermoforming, allows for greater flexibility in design.
If you require additional strength in specific areas of your carbon fiber part, consider adding reinforcements. These can be in the form of additional layers of carbon fiber, strategically placed carbon fiber patches, or even inserts made of other materials such as metal or Kevlar.
Experimenting with Weave Patterns
The weave pattern of carbon fiber sheets can add a unique aesthetic appeal to your projects. Experiment with different weave patterns such as plain weave, twill weave, or satin weave to achieve different visual effects. Each weave pattern has its own characteristics in terms of strength and appearance.
Beyond the Basics: Exploring Advanced Carbon Fiber Techniques
Carbon Fiber Wrapping
Carbon fiber wrapping involves applying carbon fiber sheets to an existing part or surface to enhance its strength and aesthetics. This technique is commonly used in automotive modifications, where carbon fiber wraps can give a sleek and sporty appearance to exterior components.
Infusion molding is a technique used to create larger and more complex carbon fiber parts. It involves placing dry carbon fiber sheets in a mold and infusing them with resin under vacuum pressure. This method ensures a consistent resin distribution, resulting in strong and lightweight parts.
Hybrid composites combine carbon fiber with other materials such as fiberglass or Kevlar to create parts with unique properties. By strategically placing different materials, you can tailor the strength, stiffness, and impact resistance of your carbon fiber creations to suit specific applications.
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
CFRP is a term used to describe materials that combine carbon fibers with a polymer matrix, typically epoxy resin. CFRP offers excellent strength and stiffness while maintaining a lightweight profile. It is commonly used in high-performance applications such as aerospace and motorsports.
Troubleshooting: Common Issues and How to Overcome Them
Delamination occurs when the layers of carbon fiber separate or peel apart. This can happen due to inadequate resin wet-out or improper curing. To prevent delamination, ensure proper resin application and use adequate pressure during curing to eliminate air pockets.Wrinkles or Bubbles in Carbon Fiber Sheets
Wrinkles or bubbles in carbon fiber sheets can compromise the strength and appearance of your parts. To avoid this, make sure to properly position and smooth out the carbon fiber sheets during the layup process. Use a squeegee or roller to remove any trapped air or wrinkles before curing the resin.
Uneven Resin Distribution
Uneven resin distribution can result in weak spots or inconsistencies in your carbon fiber parts. To achieve a uniform resin distribution, apply the resin in thin, even coats and use a squeegee or brush to spread it evenly over the carbon fiber sheets. Ensure that all areas are adequately covered before curing.
Incomplete curing can lead to weakened or brittle carbon fiber parts. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended curing time and temperature. It is crucial to maintain the proper curing conditions to ensure the resin fully cures and achieves its desired strength and durability.
Improper Mold Release
If your carbon fiber part is sticking to the mold, it may be due to improper mold release. Make sure to apply a sufficient amount of release agent to the mold surface before laying the carbon fiber sheets. This will create a barrier and facilitate easy removal of the part once it has cured.
Excessive Resin Runoff
Excessive resin runoff can occur during the curing process, resulting in excess resin pooling at the bottom of the mold or dripping onto surrounding surfaces. To prevent this, use a suitable amount of resin for your project and ensure that the mold is level during curing. Consider using dams or barriers to contain excess resin.
Showcasing Your Creations: Tips for Presenting and Displaying Carbon Fiber Projects
Creating a Display Stand or Mount
When it comes to presenting and displaying your carbon fiber projects, a custom-made display stand or mount can elevate their visual appeal. Consider using materials such as metal, wood, or acrylic to create a stand that complements the design and aesthetics of your carbon fiber creation.
Proper Lighting and Background
Lighting plays a crucial role in showcasing the intricate details and textures of your carbon fiber projects. Use spotlights or adjustable lighting to highlight specific areas and create shadows that enhance the visual impact. Choose a background that contrasts with the color of your carbon fiber part to make it stand out.
Photography and Videography
To capture the true essence of your carbon fiber creations, invest in high-quality photography or videography equipment. Experiment with different angles, lighting setups, and backgrounds to capture stunning images or videos that showcase the craftsmanship and beauty of your projects.
Participating in Exhibitions or Trade Shows
Exhibitions and trade shows provide a platform to showcase your carbon fiber projects to a wider audience. Look for opportunities to participate in relevant events or expos where you can display your creations and network with industry professionals and enthusiasts.
Online Portfolio or Social Media Presence
Create an online portfolio or establish a strong presence on social media platforms to showcase your carbon fiber projects. Share high-quality images, videos, and detailed descriptions to engage with a global community of carbon fiber enthusiasts and potential clients.
Safety First: Precautions and Best Practices for Working with Carbon Fiber
Always wear appropriate protective gear when working with carbon fiber, such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask. These items will protect you from potential skin irritation and inhalation of carbon fiber particles.
Work in a Well-Ventilated Area
Ensure that you work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to fumes from resins and adhesives. Use ventilation systems or work near open windows or doors to maintain a constant flow of fresh air.
Proper Handling and Storage of Chemicals
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper handling and storage of chemicals, including resins, adhesives, and release agents. Store them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Dispose of Waste Materials Responsibly
Dispose of waste materials, such as used brushes, gloves, or excess resin, according to local regulations and guidelines. Do not pour chemicals or waste materials down the drain or dispose of them in regular trash bins.
Read and Understand Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide detailed information about the potential hazards and safety precautions associated with specific chemicals. Read and understand the SDS for all the materials you are working with to ensure proper handling and use.
Inspiring DIY Carbon Fiber Projects: From Practical to Whimsical
Carbon Fiber Bicycle Frame
Build your own lightweight and durable bicycle frame using carbon fiber. Enjoy the benefits of reduced weight, increased stiffness, and improved performance as you cruise along on your custom-made carbon fiber bike.
Carbon Fiber Smartphone Case
Add a touch of sleekness and protection to your smartphone by creating a custom carbon fiber case. The lightweight and robust nature of carbon fiber make it an ideal material for stylish and protective phone accessories.
Carbon Fiber Furniture
Elevate your interior design with carbon fiber furniture pieces such as chairs, tables, or shelves. The combination of carbon fiber’s strength and aesthetic appeal will add a modern and luxurious touch to any living space.
Carbon Fiber Drone Frame
Take your drone photography and videography to new heights by building a carbon fiber drone frame. The lightweight and rigid properties of carbon fiber will enhance stability and maneuverability, allowing you to capture stunning aerial shots.
Carbon Fiber Jewelry
Create unique and eye-catching jewelry pieces using carbon fiber. From bracelets and earrings to pendants and cufflinks, the sleek and modern look of carbon fiber will make a bold statement.
Carbon Fiber Automotive Parts
Upgrade your car’s performance and aesthetics by designing and manufacturing your own carbon fiber automotive parts. From spoilers and splitters to interior trims and steering wheels, the possibilities are endless.
Carbon Fiber Musical Instruments
Combine the beauty of music with the elegance of carbon fiber by crafting your own carbon fiber musical instruments. Explore the unique sound qualities and lightweight design that carbon fiber can bring to guitars, violins, or drums.
Carbon Fiber Sports Equipment
Enhance your athletic performance with carbon fiber sports equipment. From tennis rackets and golf club shafts to hockey sticks and ski poles, the strength and lightweight characteristics of carbon fiber will give you a competitive edge.
Carbon Fiber Art Installations
Push the boundaries of artistic expression by creating stunning carbon fiber art installations. Explore the interplay of light and shadows on textured carbon fiber surfaces or experiment with unconventional shapes and forms.
Embarking on a DIY carbon fiber journey allows you to unleash your creativity and engineering skills, transforming the incredible properties of carbon fiber into tangible and awe-inspiring creations. With the right tools, techniques, and safety precautions in place, you can confidently dive into the world of DIY carbon fiber and create your own masterpieces. So, let your imagination soar, and let the magic of carbon fiber bring your wildest ideas to life! | materials_science |
http://www.diamonds-diamonds-diamonds.net/info/blue_diamond.html | 2019-04-23T07:13:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578593360.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423054942-20190423080942-00290.warc.gz | 0.947315 | 484 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__56790473 | en | About Blue Colored Diamonds
Anyone looking for a natural blue diamond is out of luck—not only is it incredibly rare to find one, there is only one mine that produces blue diamonds in the world. It is the Cullinan Mine, near Pretoria, South Africa. This mine produced the Heart of Eternity, a famous natural blue diamond and the largest in the De Beers Millennium Jewels collection. Many of the popular shapes also look better as colored diamonds.
Blue diamonds fall under a Type IIB grade, although the diamond grading scale has occasionally changed. Blue colored diamonds can be formed from boron being scattered throughout the diamonds crystal structure or because of nitrogen atoms replacing carbon atoms, also within the crystal structure.
Most colored diamonds are originally yellow. They are exposed to radiation to change the hue and then these colored diamonds are treated with heat to maintain the change. There are also many different hues of blue diamonds. They can range anywhere from ice blue to deep aquamarine, all depending on how they are treated. Many of the lighter diamonds are produced using a high pressure, high temperature system rather than any type of irradiation.
Many ask what the upside is to using blue diamonds as opposed to using sapphires. The answer is that sapphires are much more expensive and lack the same sparkle and shine that blue colored diamonds do. Additionally, while sapphires are durable, diamonds are even more durable. Blue colored diamonds are available in all the same cuts and sizes as colorless diamonds and sapphires, though the color makes them more unique and timeless.
Blue colored diamonds, among other colored diamonds, require a little more specific upkeep than colorless diamonds. Colorless diamonds can be cleaned with pretty much anything available, while colored diamonds need jewelry cleaner approved by a jeweler because of the differences in the chemical makeup of colored diamonds. Certain chemicals in various cleaners, such as bleach (a common mistake for cleaning diamonds!), will cause even a colorless diamond to have a brownish tint and blue colored diamonds to lose some of their color.
Additionally, avoid heat while cleaning, because high temperatures can reverse the process used to change the color of the diamond and the color will be affected. This will also happen if blue colored diamonds are scrubbed too hard—the heat applied coating will come off, taking the color and shine with it. | materials_science |
https://alphadoorandrail.com/entrance-systems/clad-aluminum-doors/ | 2018-06-21T23:17:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864303.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621231116-20180622011116-00361.warc.gz | 0.887182 | 171 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__235730023 | en | Aluminum Clad Doors in Texas
Clad aluminum doors are perfect when a project calls for the elegance of polished muntz, the sparkle of stainless steel or the richness of bronze. Materials range from .032″ to .060″ thick in both satin and mirror finishes. Muntz metal, a 60/40 composition alloy, yields a bright gold appearance. Stainless steel, a 304 alloy, does not rust and maintains a bright finish. Commercial bronze, a CDA 230 alloy, tarnishes rapidly for a weathered appearance. Clad aluminum doors are available in narrow, medium, or wide stile models and are designed to accept tempered, laminated, or insulated glass ranging in size from 1/4″ to 1″ thick.
View our photo gallery of completed projects.
Also check: Tempered Glass Entrances | materials_science |
https://southbeachswimsuits.com/products/eco-chic-repreve%C2%AE-nina-bikini-top | 2022-06-25T04:21:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103034170.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625034751-20220625064751-00547.warc.gz | 0.842145 | 277 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__247185530 | en | Eco Chic Repreve® Nina Bikini Top
Part of our "Eco Chic Off the Grid" collection, the fiber in this pullover bikini top is made from 100% recycled materials. Featuring ribbed fabric, adjustable straps, and removable pads, the Nina Bikini Top was designed with you - and mother earth - in mind.
- Triangle silhouette
- Ribbed texture fabric
- Size XS-L, D Cup, DD Cup
- Removable pads
- Adjustable straps w/ 3 point back hook closure
- 82% recycled poly, 18% spandex
- This product contains REPREVE® polyester made from recycled plastic bottles. Helping conserve energy and natural resources. And, gives you another great reason to recycle.
- Made in the USA
- Like all delicates, shape, color and fit are best preserved if hand washed in cold water. Lay flat to dry.
- Style # OGNIT20
- Coverage: Medium
- Support: Medium
- Adjustability: Over the shoulder w/ 3 point back hook closure
- Model Measurements:
- Ali, size XL - Height 5’8 ½”, Bust 40, Waist 34, Hips 43
- Valyn, size S - Height 5'10", Bust 34, Waist 25", Hips 35 | materials_science |
http://hose-belt.com/profile/company-tour/212315/0/ | 2020-11-28T05:57:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195069.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128040731-20201128070731-00167.warc.gz | 0.780169 | 543 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__138026462 | en | Hebei Orient Rubber & Plastic Products Co., Ltd. is located in Shijiazhuang City, with a rubber hose production base in Hengshui City and a plastic hose production base in Weifang City. Specializing in the development, design, and manufacturing of rubber and plastic hoses, our products include rubber hoses, PVC hoses, thermoplastic hoses, rubber plates, conveyor belts, and triangular belts, which are exported to North America, South America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Russia and other countries and regions.
Since our founding in 2006, we have rapidly expanded to include a skilled team of 550 staff, a production base covering 120,000㎡, a construction area of 70,000㎡, and an annual output value of $30,000,000. With advanced production technology and equipment, we own the following production lines:
15 steel wire braided hydraulic hose production lines
2 steel wire wound hose production lines
6 industrial hose production lines
12 wire braided hose production lines
6 thermoplastic hose production lines
6 PVC steel wire hose production lines
8 PVC fiber-reinforced hose production lines
7 PVC layflat hose production lines
4 rubber plate production lines
3 conveyor belt production lines
Steel Wire Braided Hydraulic Hose Production Workshop
Includes 4 extrusion machines, 6 steel wire stranding machines, 15 steel wire braiding machines, and 2 pressure test presses.
Steel Wire Wound Hose Production Workshop
Includes 2 extrusion machines, 2 steel wire stranding machines, and 2 pressure test presses.
Industrial Hose Production Workshop
Includes 4 extrusion machines, 12 wire stranding machines, 4 vulcanizers, and 2 large diameter hose production lines with maximum diameter 800mm.
Thermoplastic Hose Production Workshop
Includes 6 advanced German extrusion machines, 6 wire stranding machines, and 6 steel wire stranding machines.
PVC Steel Wire Hose Production Workshop
Includes 6 PVC steel wire hose production lines.
PVC Fiber-Reinforced Hose Production Workshop
Includes 8 PVC fiber-reinforced hose production lines.
PVC Layflat Hose Production Workshop
Includes 7 PVC layflat hose production lines using South Korean technology.
Rubber Plate Production Workshop
Includes 4 rubber plate production lines.
Conveyor Belt Production Workshop
Includes 3 conveyor belt production lines.
R&D Center and Laboratory
Includes advanced experimental equipment, tensile testing machine, rubber hardness tester, rubber density meter, cryogenic test box, rubber hose abrasion tester and rubber ozone aging tank. | materials_science |
https://www.norskanalyse.com/produkt/model-212r-trace-thermal-conductivity-analyzer/ | 2022-06-28T03:58:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103347800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628020322-20220628050322-00622.warc.gz | 0.867869 | 261 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__207109830 | en | Model 212R Trace Thermal Conductivity Analyzer
The Model 212R is the most sensitive process thermal conductivity analyzer commercially available.
While it is designed to detect a specific impurity in a binary gas mixture, it is also well suited for monitoring one component in more complex mixtures where the other gases have the same ratio to each other or have very similar thermal conductivity coefficients.
The thermal conductivity detector used in the 212R is also flexible in terms of the binary applications that the detector can be utilized in. Namely:
- 0-25 ppm H2 in Ar
- 0-25 ppm H2 in N2 or O2
- 0-100 ppm N2 in Ar
- 0-100 ppm He in Air
- 0-150 ppm N2 in H2 or CO
- 0-150 ppm N2 in He
- 0-200 ppm Ar in O2 (O2 purity)
Flexibility, ease-of-use, high sensitivity, and competitive pricing make the Model 212R the analyzer of choice across a broad range of industries and applications.
Applications include: Air separation plants; H2 purification plants; He purification plants; Synthetic gas plants; Specialty chemical plants; R&D labs | materials_science |
https://www.whisperinghillsnursery.com/bulk-stone-detail | 2019-09-17T06:51:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573053.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917061226-20190917083226-00401.warc.gz | 0.862572 | 107 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__62184754 | en | Primarily used in drainage applications. A general purpose gravel suitable for ponds, waterfalls, dog runs, decorative landscaping accents, and lining dry creek beds. Two sizes available: 1/2"-1" (SA6) and 1.5"-2" (SA8).
Crushed rock with pieces ranging from a maximum of 3/4" all the way down to fines. A compactable base material, grade 9 is also used for gravel driveways, patios, and underneath concrete pads. Yellow in color. | materials_science |
https://ecoserv.com.pl/en/technologies/material-transport-systems/ | 2024-04-25T07:30:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297290384.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425063334-20240425093334-00835.warc.gz | 0.950162 | 524 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__190448162 | en | Biomass conveyers – biomass is an essential renewable fuel in the commercial and industrial power generation sector. The transport of biomass to the boiler is linked to the combustion technique used. When designing the boiler fuel supply equipment, the distance over which biomass with specific properties is to be transported at a given capacity is considered. When transporting loose biomass (sawdust, pellets, wood chips) over short distances, screw conveyors are used. Belt conveyors are used if the distance between the boiler and the hopper is greater. Their design consists of a long belt mounted on pulleys, which can be additionally loaded. They are designed for fine biomass.
Belt conveyors are means of transport whose task is to move the mining output resting on a belt, which is pulled along the path made from roller sets by a friction drum drive. The material to be transported is conveyed by a belt, which is supported by carrier rollers and guided along the route by centring rollers.
Screw conveyors transfer the load using a screw that rotates in a stationary trough. The material to be transported rotates with the screw and, following the coils of the screw line, moves along its axis. Screw conveyors are used to transport dust, coal dust, slag, and all kinds of loose (and other) materials over short distances.
Chain conveyors have several key functions for recovering and transporting slag, which is made possible, among others, by its quenching and draining of water. The wear-resistant materials or basalt aggregate used are intended to protect the structure from erosion and corrosion. The dimensions of the entire structure depend on the Customer’s individual needs and preferences. Chain conveyors ensure efficient slag recovery. The properties and purpose of chain conveyors make them suitable for use in, among others, the metallurgy, mining, and broadly defined power generation sectors. Thanks to thoughtful design and durable structure, our proposal is competitive, providing efficient slag collection, cooling, and conveying in a compatible way with the existing system.
To transport the fuel in different planes (up to 90 degrees), chain conveyors are installed. They are flexible in terms of the particle sizes conveyed, which can be freely distributed along the chain length. To avoid dust emissions, they are protected by barriers. These conveyors operate at low speeds and with low loads.
Systems for transporting materials from their storage area are tailored to the individual needs of the customer – from the concept stage, through the system design, its manufacture, to its assembly and commissioning. | materials_science |
https://heelium.in/pages/resistance-band | 2024-03-01T01:03:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474893.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229234355-20240301024355-00793.warc.gz | 0.956788 | 158 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__74081560 | en | Tear Resistant & Durable
The number one problem with exercise bands is that they break easily. We solve that for you!
Our bands made from high quality polymer combines the right formulation with optimal thickness to produce a band that lasts long.
Slip Resistant Texture
For effective training and therapy, you need a band with a slip proof grip so that you can focus on the exercise.
Our bands are specially designed with an engineered surface texture that ensures a strong grip.
Anti-Allergic, Latex Free Polymer
These bands are made from Latex Free Polymer which makes them anti-allergic, specifically suitable for people with latex related allergies.
Overall, the bands are skin friendly and have a super soft feel, far better than latex bands. | materials_science |
https://hibiki.sinfo-t.jp/eng/product_vib/drycool/ | 2023-06-04T23:32:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650409.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604225057-20230605015057-00007.warc.gz | 0.949531 | 310 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__170875961 | en | Even materials of different grading and specific gravity can be fluidized uniformly by vibration and air currents.
Drying and cooling are always carried out uniformly as the conveying speed is fixed and this results in constant residence time.
Since the layer depth and residence time can be controlled exactly as required by varying the vibrating condition by means of electric control such as an inverter, the temperature and moisture content of materials can readily be adjusted as needed to match ambient temperature and humidity conditions. All this gives greatly improved product quality.
As the hot air and cool air act as a cushion, shocks to the materials are reduced, and damage and loss by exhaust of materials as well as dust generation are prevented. Flakes and pellets rare not damaged or powdered.
Since moisture content adjustment by hot air and temperature control by cool air are performed consecutively in one system, an efficient process line can be achieved. This is very suitable for drying and cooling where strict and precise quality control is required.
The power required for blowing air is greatly reduced as vibrating movement fluidizes and conveys materials effectively. Thus, this vibratory system gives far greater energy saving than other types. In addition, as heat conductivity rate is high, the unit processing capability is also large.
Since vibration does not allow retention of materials on the trough face, all types of materials can be evenly dried and cooled. Even powders and particles with high moisture content or those with high cohesiveness can be smoothly processed with a simple adjustment of the vibration and blower speed. | materials_science |
https://www.gekkos.com/services/laboratories/metallurgical-lab | 2024-02-22T01:07:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00754.warc.gz | 0.845611 | 566 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__68269203 | en | Achieves accurate results from ore test samples to maximise recoveries for mining operations.
Mineral recovery is as much a science as it is a process. That’s why Gekko’s technical team use scientific evidence to optimise and maximise a specific mineral recovery process.
Gekko’s metallurgists, chemical engineers and laboratory specialists, in consultation with mine operators, run a range of analytical tests on ore samples. Gekko deliver high-quality, reliable results using state-of-the-art instruments and quality-controlled methods.
A specialist laboratory backed by world-class technical expertise.
Accurate testing and subsequent plant efficiency improvements help to protect the environment from the impacts of mining.
Every process step for mineral recovery can be replicated and tested for viability and efficiency by Gekko’s world-class metallurgical laboratory service.
The metallurgical laboratory has state-of-the-art equipment for sample preparation, grinding, flotation, gravity separation, gold leaching, as well as a leach pilot plant to test protocols, circuit configurations and more.
Professional advice is offered to maximise recoveries from ore deposits, including recommendations for gravity separation, flotation, intensive cyanide leaching, electrowinning, sizing and more.
Python testwork can be performed. From a 400-500 kg ore sample, the suitability for pre-concentration of mineral in Gekko’s Python Processing Plant can be determined.
Gravity separation creates a high-grade stream of concentrates for preferential treatment and efficiently removes waste. Specialist testwork provides accurate recovery information to optimise gravity separation processes for highest yields.
- Pre-concentration of minerals and gangue rejection via gravity separation
- Mineral liberation, comminution and feed preparation
- Scavenging of fine fractions via gravity separation and flotation
- Intensive cyanide leaching
- Recovery of gold and silver from solution via ion exchange and electrowinning.
Large scale testing for larger benefits
The flowsheet concepts that Gekko design and test on a small scale in the laboratory are met and matched by robust large-scale production plant solutions:
|Production Plant Solutions
|Laboratory scale Gekko inLine Spinner
|Gekko InLine Spinner®
|Laboratory scale Falcon Concentrator
|Intensive cyanide leaching
|Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – batch
|Laboratory scale Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – continuous
|Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – continuous
|Bottle roll and gold absorption using AuRIX® 100 resin
|Gekko Resin Column® | materials_science |
https://discountgolfcentral.com/2017/07/11/top-5-iron-sets/ | 2019-04-23T07:51:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578596541.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423074936-20190423100936-00305.warc.gz | 0.882532 | 672 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__215668705 | en | If you are in the market for new clubs now is a great time to look at the best and most affordable iron sets for the coming 2017 golf season.
Single length irons give golfers the benefit of solid shots without having to change address positions as shaft lengths change as with traditional variable length sets. The Edel SLS-01 Irons do just that. They have a hollow body design with progressive face thickness and a thermoplastic inside to improve feel, sound and energy transfer.
- Hollow body design allows for a stronger club face
- Progressive face thickness delivers consistent distance gapping
- Progressive internal cavities controls ball speed
- Carbon steel shafts
- Thermoplastic polymer insert provides a softer feel
- Centered CG improves head stability
- Price – ~$1,200 for a 5-set
Miura has launched the PP-9005 Genesis Forged Irons created by the legendary designer Katsuhiro Miura. Crafted for golfers at all skill levels, this is the first Miura iron to combine the trademark feel of soft-forged steel with the distance generated by a 455 Carpenter steel face plate. The precision craftsmanship, cutting-edge technology and beauty of the design combine to make this iron a true game changer.
- 454 Carpenter steel face gives maximum distance with an advanced club face
- 3-pocket construction creates an optimal launch angle and spin
- Price – ~$300 per head
The Ping i200 is an iron fit for scoring. They have the look and feel of a player’s style iron, with exceptional forgiveness for it’s size.
- 431 stainless steel metal and a chrome finish
- The thin clubface delivers more distance
- Elastomer insert activates at impact for more dampening and solid feel
- The weight savings from the club face are redistributed to the heel-to-toe regions for increased MOI
- Price – ~$1,110 for full set
The JPX 900 Tour combines the best attributes of Mizuno’s player’s irons, with the advanced weighting strategies, and great design styling, providing a compact, workable iron with a surprising level of playability.
- Grain Flow Forged 1025E Pure Select Mild Carbon Steel for a soft, solid, consistent feel
- Specialized heat treatment optimizes strength and softness
- Tour-proven sole designs ensures maximum versatility and playability
- Reinforced top line ensures a strong, powerful sound at impact
- Price – ~$1,200 for a full set
The XR OS Irons are easier to hit and are more forgiving than its predecessors with Callaway’s new 360 Face Cup technology. It’s easy to launch and easy to pick up distance for players who want to add ball speed and hit the ball farther.
- Face Cup Technology makes the ball easier to hit and more forgiving
- The soles of the XR OS Irons are wider to give you more distance out of every impact location
- XR OS Irons are easy to launch with a Center of Gravity that’s lower and further back
- Progressive lengths and lofts for longer distance off each club
Price: $899 Discounted Price: $699 | materials_science |
http://www.sagisa.com/3mproducts/Polypropylene-Ranges.php | 2013-06-18T08:22:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707186142/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122626-00094-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.691325 | 923 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__175424916 | en | Polypropylene (or cotton) media. Depth filtration media. Exclusive CUNO patented process which combines blanket media and wound matrix (yarn). Available in cartridges from 10" to 40". High temp. resistance (up to 121°C), Nominal ratings from 1 to 125 µm.
ElectronicsMW and MPP ranges Electrolytic baths, Waste water, First water prefiltration
Power GenerationMW range Waste water
ChemicalMW range Acids prefiltration, Process water, Alcohols, solvents
Oil & GasMW and MPP range Refined products prefiltration, Aggressive solvents
General IndustrialMPP range Metallisation bath, Waste water
Food & BeverageBeverage prefiltration, Process water
Polypropylene (or polyester) media. Bi-component fibre technology. Depth filtration. Micron rating from 2 µm absolute to 200 µm nominal Classification effect. Available in cartridges from 10" to 40" integral length and capsules.
ElectronicsPolyolefin Betapure Demineralised water, Solvents, Effluents
Power GenerationPolyolefin Betapure Process water Equipment protection
ChemicalPolyester Betapure Aggressive solvents
Paints & CoatingsBetapure ranges Polyolefin & Polyester Waterborne or solvent paints, Car paints - Varnish, top coat, metallics, mica - Can & coil coatings, Inks, special papers
General IndustrialBetapure range Polyolefin & Polyester Cooling water, Solvent recovery
Polypropylene depth media. Patented construction technology. High flow rates & dirt holding capacity. Rating from 0.5 to 70 µm absolute. Validation support DMF n° for the Pharma grade. Available in cartridges from 10" to 40" integral length and capsules.
ElectronicsIndustrial Betapure PN UPW per RO, CMP slurries, emulsions, Etching baths, metallisation baths, Acids, cooling water
Power GenerationIndustrial PolyNet Stator cooling water, Waste water, Effluents, Condensate water
ChemicalIndustrial Betapure PN High Purity Chemicals, Acids, bleach, Polymers (PP,PE,…), Process water
Oil & GasIndustrial Betapure PN Amines, glycols, Refined products
Paints & CoatingsIndustrial Betapure PN Special coatings (paper, film), Magnetic media, Can & coil coating, High quality inks, Lens coating
General IndustrialIndustrial Betapure PN Cutting oils, lubricants, Detergents, pulp & paper, Textiles, metallisation bath, Process Water
BiotechnologyBetapure PN PB (Pharma) Clarification & membrane protection for growth media, vaccines, cell culture & Blood fractionation
Fine Chemicals & CosmeticsBetapure PN PB (Pharma) carbon fines removal, precipitate removal, clarification of perfumes, solvent filtration, water system
PharmaceuticalsBetapure PN PB (Pharma) Oral liquids and syrups, Clarification and membrane protection, water systems
Food & BeverageBetapure PN FB (Beverage) Wine, Beer, Bottled water, Spirits (vodka, cognac,...), Edible oils, Process water
Polypropylene pleated media. Patented APTTM pleat technology. High flow rates & long life time. Rating from 0.2 to 70 µm absolute. Available in cartridges from 10" to 40" integral length and capsules.
ElectronicsCD & hard disks, Printed Circuit Boards, Flat screens, Ultra Pure Water
ChemicalIntermediate product clarification, Various acid & caustic solutions, Solvents, polymers, Rinsing water
Paints & CoatingsPhotographic films, Special inks, Special papers
General IndustrialProcess water, Galvanic baths, Cutting emulsion, Detergents Betafine D General Industrial
BiotechnologyClarification & membrane protection for growth media, vaccines, cell culture & Blood fractionation
Fine Chemicals & CosmeticsCarbon fines removal, precipitate removal, clarification of perfumes, solvent filtration, water system
PharmaceuticalsOral liquids and syrups, Clarification and membrane protection, water systems
Food & BeveragePre Filtration, Wine, Beer, Bottled water, Process water | materials_science |
https://therapinsider.com/2023/07/10/finding-the-appropriate-epoxy-resins-supplier-is-crucial-for-quality-and-dependability/ | 2023-09-23T10:36:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923094750-20230923124750-00038.warc.gz | 0.923977 | 838 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__85504805 | en | Epoxy resins are versatile materials utilized extensively in numerous industries, such as construction, aerospace, automotive, and electronics. They are valuable for bonding, coating, and composite applications due to their exceptional strength, durability, and adhesion properties. Choosing the right supplier for […]
Epoxy resins are versatile materials utilized extensively in numerous industries, such as construction, aerospace, automotive, and electronics. They are valuable for bonding, coating, and composite applications due to their exceptional strength, durability, and adhesion properties. Choosing the right supplier for epoxy resins is essential for ensuring the final product’s quality, dependability, and performance. This article will discuss the significance of locating a reputable supplier of epoxy resins and the factors to consider when making the correct choice.
Assurance of Quality and Product Consistency
Ensuring high-quality products is one of the primary advantages of working with a reputable epoxy resin supplier. A reputable supplier employs stringent quality control measures to ensure their epoxy resins conform to industry standards and specifications. By procuring from such a supplier, manufacturers can have confidence in the consistency and dependability of the epoxy resins, resulting in consistent product performance and a lower defect risk.
Technical Assistance and Knowledge
A reliable epoxy resins supplier provides high-quality products, valuable technical support, and knowledge. They can offer advice on product selection, application techniques, and problem-solving, as they are familiar with the specific needs of various industries. A knowledgeable supplier can contribute to the final product’s success and increase customer satisfaction by optimizing formulations, addressing compatibility concerns, and providing recommendations for specific applications.
Product Selection and Personalization Options
Epoxy compounds are versatile because they can be formulated to satisfy specific requirements. A reputable supplier offers various products with varying viscosities, curing periods, and properties to accommodate various application requirements. In addition, they should be able to offer customization options, allowing customers to tailor epoxy resins to their particular specifications. This adaptability allows manufacturers to optimize performance, increase productivity, and attain desired results.
Reliable Supply Chain and On-Time Shipping
A dependable supplier of epoxy resins recognizes the significance of a streamlined supply chain and on-time delivery. They have implemented effective inventory management systems to assure product availability and reduce lead times. Manufacturers can rely on these suppliers to provide consistent and on-time deliveries, thereby minimizing production delays and preserving operational efficiency. This reliability in the supply chain results in increased consumer satisfaction and productivity.
Environmental and Safety Standards Compliance
Environmental and safety concerns are paramount in the modern manufacturing landscape. Compliance with relevant regulations and standards, such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals), is a priority for a reputable supplier of epoxy resins. They are strongly committed to environmental sustainability and prioritize employee and customer safety. Manufacturers can align with sustainable practices and ensure the health and safety of their operations by partnering with a responsible supplier.
Industry Reputation and Client Opinions
Reputation in the industry and consumer feedback are valuable indicators of a supplier’s dependability and quality. Manufacturers can evaluate a supplier’s performance by researching extensively and soliciting recommendations from reputable sources. The supplier’s responsiveness, customer service, and product performance can be determined by perusing customer testimonials and reviews. A supplier with a solid reputation and positive feedback will likely be a reliable partner for procuring epoxy resins.
To ensure the quality, dependability, and performance of final products, locating the best epoxy resin supplier is essential. A reputable provider provides high-quality products, technical expertise, a broad product selection, and customization options. They prioritize environmental and safety standards compliance, maintain a dependable supply chain, and provide on-time deliveries. By collaborating with a dependable supplier of epoxy resins, manufacturers can optimize their production processes, improve product performance, and meet customer expectations. In industries dependent on epoxy resins, selecting a reliable supplier is crucial to attaining success and obtaining a competitive advantage. | materials_science |
http://electricalmotorshaft.tradeindia.com/standing-fan-motor-shafts-3465834.html | 2018-06-24T01:17:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865995.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624005242-20180624025242-00250.warc.gz | 0.90805 | 146 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__13729088 | en | |Home||» Products||» Motor Shafts||» Standing Fan Motor Shafts|
Fostered with a team of dedicated and experienced professionals, we are engaged in manufacturing and supplying a wide assortment of Standing Fan Motor Shaft. Used along with the fan motors, this shaft transmits the power generated in the motor to the fan's blade and provides perfect balance to the fan. This shaft is manufactured at our state-of-the-art manufacturing facility using premium quality raw material and modern machinery. Designed in adherence to the set industrial norms, this shaft is highly appreciated for its dimensional accuracy and durability. We offer this Standing Fan Motor Shaft at market leading price to the clients.
High tensile strength | materials_science |
http://roditi.com/SingleCrystal/Gallium_Orthophosphate/Applications.html | 2022-06-30T19:57:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103877410.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630183616-20220630213616-00410.warc.gz | 0.800524 | 178 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__100879216 | en | Gallium Orthophosphate - GaPO4 Applications
Originally GaPO4 was designed to withstand the rough conditions inside a combustion engine.
Due to its exceptional features (see also benefits), GaPO4 gives you significant advantages compared to other piezoelectric materials - even at low temperatures.
Direct piezoelectric Effect Applications
- Uncooled Pressure Transducers
- Force Sensors
Bulk acoustic wave Applications
- Chemical/Physical Vapour Deposition (CVD/PVD)
- Chemical Sensors, Biosensors
- Flexural Resonators
- Ultrasonic Transducers
Surface acoustic wave Applications
- SAW filters for the telecommunication industry
- Wireless identification systems
- Remote control sensors | materials_science |
https://cementprogress.com/faqs/ | 2024-04-21T15:22:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00247.warc.gz | 0.921977 | 2,561 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156010821 | en | What is the Roadmap?
The Roadmap is the documentation of the path that the U.S. cement industry and greater construction value chain will use in reaching carbon neutrality throughout the value chain by 2050.
What is in the Roadmap?
The Roadmap is a document that includes the targets, the timeframes, the technologies, and the policy needs along each step of the value chain that will get the cement industry to carbon neutrality by 2050.
What is carbon neutrality for concrete?
Carbon neutrality occurs when CO2 emissions from the production of concrete are offset by at least an equal amount of CO2 reductions.
Why 2050? Why not sooner?
With full support in these areas, the industry can reach carbon neutrality sooner. While the cement and concrete industry has made consistent progress in reducing the carbon intensity of its products across the value chain, reaching carbon neutrality will require significant advances in technology, policy, infrastructure, and markets. Without those policies and support, it will take the industry more time and possibly jeopardize reaching the goal.
What kind of policies and support?
Reaching carbon neutrality requires support in a wide variety of areas including funding research and development, regulation and permitting, credit for carbon reduction levers, community acceptance, market acceptance, performance-based standards, procurement based on cradle-to grave life cycle analysis, low-carbon infrastructure, and a secure and level playing field.
How will the cement and concrete industry get all of this done?
The cement industry cannot do it alone. The industry is asking everyone involved throughout the value chain to help reach this goal by re-thinking their role, by setting their own bar higher, by pushing their own envelope further, and by helping advocate for the policies the cement and concrete industry need to reach carbon neutrality. The industry is asking everyone involved throughout the value chain to help advocate for the policies needed to reach carbon neutrality.
Everyone has a role to play. The academic, the architect, the builder, the contractor, the engineer, our government, the homeowner, the material scientist, the manufacturer, the owner, the policymaker, and the researcher, will all be at the forefront but there are hundreds of others that can support these efforts.
What is the value chain?
The value chain includes clinker, cement, concrete, construction, and the use of concrete as a carbon sink. The value chain is a microcosm of a circular economy. Clinker, the first step in the value chain, is an intermediate product within the cement manufacturing process. Cement, the second step, is a blended mixture of clinker and gypsum along with potentially many other materials like limestone and other processing additions. Concrete, the third step, is a mixture of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and chemical and mineral admixtures. Concretes today also commonly include, fly ash, slag, and other materials. Construction, the fourth step, is the built environment. Concrete construction includes airports, buildings, bridges, runways, streets, sidewalks, tunnels, and many more structures. The fifth and final step in the value chain is the use of concrete as a carbon sink. Concrete absorbs CO2 throughout its lifetime and even after it is demolished.
How much CO2 is generated by the cement industry?
The U.S. cement industry contributes 0.17% CO2eq to the global production of CO2. The EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks notes current (2019) total U.S. emissions of 6.6 GtCO2eq. Using the same calculation procedure, the U.S. cement industry contribution to U.S. CO2eq emissions is 1.25%.
Where does this CO2 come from?
The manufacture of cement relies upon the transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide. That reaction produces CO2 and without that reaction, there can be no clinker, hence no Portland cement. In the U.S. more than 60% of the CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing are generated by this chemical reaction called calcination. PCA and the industry calls this calcination reaction the industry’s “chemical fact of life”. In addition, the chemical reactions to produce clinker require material temperatures of nearly 2,800 degrees Fahrenheit or 1,500 degrees Celsius. (For comparison, the surface temperature of the sun is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit or 5,500 degrees Celsius.) The only way to achieve those high temperatures is through fuel combustion. In the U.S., just under 40% of the CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing are generated from fuel combustion.
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the clinker stage?
The CO2 generated from combustion can be reduced through the transition from traditional fossil fuels like coal, petcoke, and natural gas to alternative fuels including biomass, secondary materials, and renewable energy sources and also from increased fuel efficiency in the manufacturing process. PCA also anticipates that hydrogen and other transformative fuels and transformative technologies will play a role. The CO2 generated from the chemical reaction or chemical fact of life can be reduced by incorporating decarbonated raw materials, including slag and fly ash, as feedstocks. These are materials that have already been processed and no longer contain CO2. Additionally, increasing the use of recycled materials diverts these materials from landfills.
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the cement stage?
The CO2 associated from cement can be reduced or avoided by replacing a portion of the clinker with limestone, inorganic processing additions, supplementary cementitious materials, and by manufacturing and transporting cements using zero emission rail and truck transport. PLCs have been available for decades and can reduce the CO2 footprint of today’s cements by up to 10%. Blended cements using fly ash and slag can also reduce CO2. Shifting from prescriptive specifications to performance-based specifications provides designers more flexibility also reduces or avoids CO2.
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the concrete stage?
The CO2 associated from concrete and concrete production can be reduced or avoided using PLCs and other low-carbon blended cements, supplementary cementitious materials, admixtures to optimize concrete mixtures, and by manufacturing and transporting concrete and concrete products using zero-emissions electricity, rail, and truck transport.
What does it mean to optimize a concrete mixture?
Concrete mixtures can be optimized by increasing the use of SCMs and using machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence to discover the optimal mix design for specific applications and to identify the optimal sequencing, scheduling, and delivery of concrete and concrete products. Optimized concrete mixtures and concrete products provide the best strength and durability performance requirements and the most sustainable performance for specific individual applications. Quality assurance and acceptance testing of fresh concrete can also be optimized. Optimization ultimately provides better performance with less variability.
What exactly is concrete optimization?
Optimization is about “shifting the curve” and “shaping the curve” regarding performance. Shifting the curve means bringing the slow adopters and less than average performers into the median or average range, bringing the median or average adopters and performers into the above average range, and allowing the above average performers to push the envelope even further through innovation and discovery. In many cases this means simply removing the obstacles that slow adopters and average performers face. Shaping the curve means bringing the below average and average adopters much closer to and always chasing the above average adopters and performers. It is about setting the bar higher and pushing the envelope further.
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided in the design phase of construction?
Using building construction as an example, optimization in the design phase is exemplified by the Whole Building Design Guide developed by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Optimized construction envisions the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and full-life cycle analysis techniques that incorporate energy efficiency, resource efficiency, resiliency, project-life, indoor air quality, and adaptability into the circular economy. The guiding principles for high-performance buildings and infrastructure include employment of integrated design principles, optimization of energy performance, protection and conservation of water, enhancement of indoor air quality, reduction of the environmental impact of materials, and the assessment and consideration of climate change risks. Each of these principles can be met through concrete construction. Design optimization considers the initial structure use as a starting point while providing the flexibility to adapt to the structure’s future uses. Strength, stiffness, stability, slab depth, column size and spacing, and framing considerations can all be optimized for future adaptability.
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided in the construction phase?
The CO2 associated with the construction phase can be reduced or avoided through life cycle-based procurement policies, zero-waste materials management, and end-of-life reuse and recycling of concrete materials.
What does it mean to optimize construction?
Construction can be optimized using innovative construction techniques like additive manufacturing, a zero-waste construction site, advanced sequencing, and scheduling, zero emission deliveries and zero-emission construction material handling equipment, on-site robotics, and the use of drones. These and many other innovations can all reduce the carbon footprint in the construction phase.
Why is it so important to consider the use phase of concrete structures during design and construction?
The use phase of a building accounts for 88-98% of the life cycle global warming potential. Research by MIT indicates that using concrete lowers the use phase global warming potential impacts up to 10% and lowers the life cycle global warming potential impacts up to 8% in comparison to buildings that are not concrete.
How can the end-of-life phase of concrete be optimized?
Crushed concrete can be recycled and re-used as aggregate in new concrete mixtures thereby saving the energy required to quarry and process virgin aggregate. Further, over time recycled concrete continues to absorb and sequester CO2 (see discussion about concrete as a carbon sink).
How can CO2 be reduced or avoided using concrete as a carbon sink?
Concrete and live growing trees share something in common; they both absorb CO2. Trees and plants use CO2 to produce the food they need through photosynthesis. Concrete absorbs CO2 from the moment that it sets throughout its entire life through a process called carbonation. Air contains about 0.04% or 400 ppm of CO2. That CO2 naturally diffuses into concrete and reacts with the calcium hydroxide and other hydration products in concrete to form calcium carbonate. This reaction is irreversible.
How much CO2 can concrete absorb?
The absorption of CO2 by concrete depends primarily on the concrete surface area exposed to the atmosphere, the amount of water and moisture available, the permeability of the concrete, and the length of exposure. For example, an above grade concrete wall will slowly absorb CO2 throughout its life. If that concrete wall is removed, reduced into smaller aggregate-sized particles, and exposed to the atmosphere in a stockpile, it will absorb CO2 more quickly due to the higher surface area. The crushed concrete can then often be recycled as aggregate. Various models using the compressive strength of the concrete, the type of structure, the type of exposure (exposed to rain vs. sheltered from rain, indoor vs. outdoor, with or without cover, in ground or out of the ground) have been developed to calculate the degree of carbonation. The U.S. EPA is currently evaluating what is known as the Tier I model for incorporation into the National Inventory Report. Current estimates indicate that approximately 10% of the CO2 generated during the manufacture of cement and concrete can ultimately be absorbed over the life of a concrete structure.
What is CCUS?
CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) is an integral part of the Roadmap and includes a range of technologies that capture CO2 as the first step and then either transforms the CO2 into a useful product or sequesters (permanently store) the CO2. While some commercial scale projects are being implemented in other industries and countries, the use of CCUS in the cement industry, like other industries, is still in the research and development stage. The cement industry is currently evaluating the use of solvents, sorbents, membranes, oxyfuel combustion, oxyfuel calcination, calcium or carbonate looping, algae capture, direct separation reactor technology, and other carbon capture and related technologies in cement plants worldwide. | materials_science |
http://www.zijinmining.com/business/product-detail-26919.htm | 2020-03-29T09:04:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370494064.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329074745-20200329104745-00349.warc.gz | 0.919295 | 364 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__25039190 | en | Kyzyl-Tash Turk Polymetallic Mine
Mine Type: Open Pit, Underground
Russia Longxing Co., Ltd., established in 2005, is located at 120 km northeast of the capital city Kizil, Russia’s Republic of Tuva. Its registered capital is 700 million Rubles, Zijin holding 70%. By the end of 2018, it had about 900 employees. The core asset of Longxing is Kyzyl-Tash Turk zinc-lead-copper mine. The design production for Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine is to produce 80,000 tonnes of zinc, 5,000 tonnes of copper and produce 10,000 tonnes of lead.
The company designed a two-phase project for Kyzyl-Tash Turk polymetallic mine. Phase I is developing the open pit, and build up a ore processing plant and relevant facilities. Phase II mainly focuses on underground mining. The project started commercial production in June 2015.
Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine is a large zinc-lead polymetallic deposit associated with other metals. Up to December 31st, 2018, the mineral reserves and resources of Kyzyl-Tash Turk were 14.43 million tonnes, including 1.08 million tonnes of zinc reserves, 129,600 tonnes of copper reserves and 141,700 tonnes of lead.
The designed ore processing capacity of Kyzyl-Tash Turk is 1Mpta, producing 81,000 tonnes of zinc, 10,000 tonnes of lead and 3,546 tonnes of copper annually.
In 2018, the Kyzyl-Tash Turk produced 99,918 tonnes of zinc and 4,152 tonnes of lead, achieved revenue of 1.678 billion yuan and total profit of 792 million yuan. | materials_science |
https://dixitdentalcare.com/services/cosmetic-dentistry/ceramic-veneers/ | 2023-02-06T09:16:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500334.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206082428-20230206112428-00755.warc.gz | 0.963099 | 266 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__194165608 | en | Ceramic veneers are basically really thin and customized shells of materials which are tooth-coloured and are used to cover the frontal part of your teeth. They are used to enhance the appearance of teeth and are also known as porcelain veneers or dental porcelain laminates. They are bonded to the front section of your teeth and accordingly their colour, length, size and shape also changes.
Ceramic Veneers are usually made using porcelain. In certain cases, resin composite materials can also be used to create veneers. However, studies have shown that porcelain veneers tend to resist stains way more than resin veneers. Porcelain veneers also have excellent light reflecting properties which make them more akin to normal teeth. However, the choice of veneer material should always be based upon your dentist’s advice.
Ceramic veneers do not need any special maintenance routine. You should have good oral hygiene habits which include brushing, flossing and rinsing from time to time with an antiseptic mouthwash. Porcelain veneers do not attract stains due to its high polishability and glaze even after years of service. So, Go ahead, as this retains your bright smile forever. | materials_science |
https://www.alensa.co.uk/dailies-total1-contact-lenses-multifocal-90-lenses | 2020-07-02T12:08:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655878753.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702111512-20200702141512-00279.warc.gz | 0.681822 | 279 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__85097947 | en | Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal (90 lenses)
|Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal (30 lenses)||£31.59|
Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal Daily Disposable Contact Lenses
Dailies Total1 Multifocal are daily, silicone-hydrogel contact lenses from producer Alcon. They have a variable water content. Their production technology combines classic hydrogel material, which contains a high amount of water, with silicone-hydrogel, which provides the necessary oxygen permeability to the cornea. Both materials enhance the comfort of wear. This package contains 90 lenses.
Read more about Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal contact lenses.
|Pack size:||90 lenses|
|Replacement schedule:||1 Day|
|Expiration:||12 months and more|
|Oxygen permeability:||156 Dk/t|
|Product name:||Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal|
|Lenses Material:||Delefilcon A|
|Power range:||from -10.00 to +6.00|
|Add power:||HI (MAX ADD +2.50), LO (MAX ADD +1.25), MED (MAX ADD +2.00)|
|Extended or overnight wear:||No| | materials_science |
https://advancedfastening.com/product/2471-20 | 2024-04-20T00:46:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817463.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419234422-20240420024422-00602.warc.gz | 0.931568 | 262 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__179076843 | en | Our M12™ Copper Tubing Cutter cuts up to 10X faster than conventional cutters and gives you up to 200 cuts on a single charge thanks to ultra-efficient gearing. This is the industry's first cordless battery-powered copper pipe cutter and was engineered with plumbers, mechanical contractors, and remodelers in mind. The copper tubing cutter runs at 500 RPM, giving you unmatched cutting speed and the patent-pending cutting mechanism automatically adjusts the diameter to cut Type K, L and M copper pipes from 3/8” to 1” (OD from ½” to 1-1/8”). This close quarters copper tubing cutter has a unique rotating cutting head that allows you to cut installed copper piping with as little as 1-1/2” clearance. The lightweight pipe cutter features an in-line design, providing you with a longer reach and reduced wrist strain when working in confined spaces and has a built-in LED light that illuminates the cutting surface. The metal cutting head is corrosion and rust resistant, and sealed for water protection, while electronic overload protection and unibody construction provide additional durability. An onboard, real-time battery fuel gauge helps you monitor the charge precisely, so there’s less downtime on the job. | materials_science |
https://www.chimsoc.co.uk/shop/Twin-Wall-Flue-125mm-Ventilated-Firestop-Plate-Black.html | 2021-03-06T05:50:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178374391.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210306035529-20210306065529-00074.warc.gz | 0.913101 | 364 | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__189927192 | en | A firestop plate is used to allow the chimney to pass between floors, for example, when you need the chimney to go through the ceiling on the ground floor through to the first floor. The steel plate is designed to provide the appropriate distance between the flue and the adjacent flammable materials, according to both fire and building regulations. A plate must be used top and bottom of the floor penetration. A non-ventilated firestop plate can only be used on installations burning gas or oil (T200). For T600 solid fuel installations ventilated plates must be used. All KW fire stops are set at a 50mm to combustible distance.
For use on solid fuel and gas/oil appliances. eg: wood burninig stoves, multi fuel stoves gas coal effect fires, oil and gas boiler and any solid fuel appliances.
Outer skin is made from 304 grade stainless steel and is 0.4mm thick. Inner skin is made from 316 grade stainless steel and is 0.4mm thick. Insulation is compressed rockwool giving a density of 200kg/m3. All parts are fully welded. Distance to combustibles is 50mm.
KW is HETAS Approved and is CE marked.
EN1856-1 T600 N1 W V2 L50040 G50.
EN1856-1 T200 W V2 L50040 O20.
KW twin wall insulated chimney parts are secured together by using a locking band. Make sure that you keep a distance of 50mm from the outside of the flue to any combustible material (wood, plaster board).
KW is sold under separate brand names in the UK. Components may be branded as KW, KC or TW Pro. | materials_science |
https://en.oono-as.jp/company/group/nikkei/ | 2023-11-30T16:49:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00198.warc.gz | 0.861531 | 596 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__22173995 | en | With our eyes on the future,
we’re constantly taking on new challenges.
To build the cities of our dreams, we are committed to improving quality and ensuring reliable product supply.
All operations from making a single grain of aggregate to producing and delivering concrete take place within our Group. Our goal for the future is to create a secure and reassuring environment.
|Company Name||Nikkei Fresh Concrete Co., Ltd.|
|Office Address||Matsuyama Plant: 6-16-4 Kukō-dōri, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 790-0054 Japan
Kawauchi Plant: Otsu 826-3 Kawanouchi, Tōon-shi, Ehime-ken, 791-0321 Japan
|How to Contact||Matsuyama Plant : TEL +81-89-965-4074
Kawauchi Plant : TEL +81-89-966-2323
|Founded||June 29, 1994|
|Capital Stock||JPY 10,000,000|
|Production Capacity||Matsuyama Plant – 150㎥/h＋120㎥/h
Kawauchi Plant – 120㎥/h
|Number of Vehicles||35 large mixer trucks, 15 small mixer trucks, 8 pumping trucks|
|Business Activities||Production and sale of ready-mixed concrete|
|Representative Director||Kikuo Shinomori|
We manufacture in a Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism-authorized factory.
Due to the spread of high-rise RC used for buildings, higher safety and durability for seismic resistance are in demand. The importance of high-strength concrete are being featured more to meet this demand.
We, alone in the ready-mixed concrete factory, obtained authorization for design strength of up to 60N / mm2 using normal Portland cement and low-heat Portland cement. Furthermore, as we are building on in our experience with manufacturing and delivering of high-strength concrete, the scope of authorization for design strength has risen up to 80N/mm (★) using low-heat Portland cement.
Salt-free Screened Sand Concrete
Our aggregate uses crushed stones from a single quarry, extracted by Toyo Saiseki.
While concerns are rising over faked seismic resistance, the Nankai earthquakes, and the reliability of concrete buildings, each and every single particle matters now more than ever.
It is the sand! Sodium in sand corrodes rebar little by little. Nikkei Fresh Concrete ready-mixed concrete is manufactured 100% with “salt-free screened sand” produced by Toyo Saiseki. The sense of security for the future, we believe, begins with the sincere selection of each grain of sand. | materials_science |
https://www.elephantblossom.co.uk/collections/callisto-pendants/products/callisto-pendant-1 | 2021-01-23T16:45:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703538226.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123160717-20210123190717-00607.warc.gz | 0.935957 | 106 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__234213252 | en | Fused glass pendant created using sheet glass, glass powders and silver foil, allowing chemical reactions to occur between the elements.
Main colours: white/vanilla. Findings:silver plated. Size: approx 2.5 x 3cm
All pendants are supplied with a length of black leather cord.
Each piece is unique and the one shown here is the one you will receive.
Glass is extremely difficult to photograph well, but I have done my best to represent the colour as accurately as possible. | materials_science |
https://matthewstephens.ie/blogs/news/lab-grown-diamonds-vs-natural-diamonds-your-ultimate-faq-guide | 2024-03-04T15:54:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476452.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304133241-20240304163241-00366.warc.gz | 0.92731 | 936 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__129109746 | en | At Matthew Stephens Jewellers, we understand that diamonds are more than just gemstones – they're symbols of everlasting elegance and cherished moments. With the advent of lab-grown diamonds, a new chapter has been added to the diamond story, sparking intrigue and inquiries. If you've ever wondered about the nuances between lab-grown and natural diamonds, rest assured, we've got you covered. Our in-depth FAQ guide is here to provide you with insights that will illuminate the path to making informed choices.
What's the fundamental difference between lab-grown and natural diamonds?
The core distinction lies in their origins. Natural diamonds form deep within the Earth's crust over millions of years through intense heat and pressure. On the other hand, lab-grown diamonds are meticulously crafted in controlled laboratory environments using advanced techniques that simulate natural conditions. Despite this divergence, both types share the same chemical composition and physical properties.
How are lab-grown diamonds created?
Lab-grown diamonds are typically produced through two main methods: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT). In the CVD process, a carbon-rich gas is introduced into a controlled chamber, allowing carbon atoms to accumulate layer by layer on a diamond substrate. In the HPHT method, a diamond seed is subjected to extreme pressure and high temperatures, causing carbon atoms to crystallize around the seed and form a larger diamond.
Can lab-grown diamonds replicate the visual brilliance of natural diamonds?
Absolutely. Thanks to their identical chemical composition, lab-grown diamonds exhibit the same optical properties as natural diamonds. The captivating play of light, sparkle, and prismatic effects that define diamonds are faithfully replicated in lab-grown gems. Distinguishing between the two often requires specialized equipment and analysis.
Are lab-grown diamonds considered real diamonds?
Yes, lab-grown diamonds are indeed real diamonds. They possess the same chemical and physical attributes as natural diamonds. Every labgrown diamond is accompanied by certification from respected gemological institutes like the International Gemological Institute (IGI) or The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA ). These certifications provide detailed evaluations of the diamond's characteristics, including Carat, Cut, Clarity, and Color.
How do lab-grown diamonds impact the jewellery industry?
Lab-grown diamonds have introduced a fresh perspective to the jewellery industry. Additionally, their accessibility and potential for customization offer exciting possibilities for jewellery designers and buyers alike.
What's the future outlook for lab-grown diamonds?
The future for lab-grown diamonds is promising. As technology continues to evolve, the quality and availability of lab-grown diamonds are expected to rise. They will likely continue to coexist harmoniously with natural diamonds, offering consumers a wider range of choices while upholding the essence of these timeless gemstones.
Are lab-grown diamonds more affordable than natural diamonds?
Generally, lab-grown diamonds tend to be much more affordable than their natural counterparts of similar quality. However, pricing can vary based on factors like size, cut, clarity, and color. It's essential to consider your preferences and budget when making a choice.
Can lab-grown diamonds be used for engagement rings and heirloom jewellery?
A8: Absolutely. some couples are embracing lab-grown diamonds for engagement rings due to the big impact they can offer at lower prices. Lab-grown diamonds can also hold sentimental value and be cherished as heirloom pieces, just like natural diamonds. But overall, Natural Diamonds are still the preferred choice of most to mark the major milestones in life.
How can I tell the difference between lab-grown and natural diamonds?
Distinguishing between lab-grown and natural diamonds with the naked eye is challenging. Specialized equipment and expertise are required for accurate identification. However, the certification provided by gemological institutes accompanies lab-grown diamonds, ensuring transparency and authenticity.
Can lab-grown diamonds hold their value over time?
As production techniques have developed, prices of lab grown Diamonds have fallen dramatically between 50% - 70% for certain sizes. Experts predict that Prices have plateaued, and we don’t expect any major price reductions over the coming months or years. In the captivating world of diamonds, lab-grown gems have added a new dimension to the narrative. Their innovation, and brilliance make them a compelling choice for those seeking both beauty at affordable prices. As you explore the realm of diamonds, armed with this FAQ guide, you'll be equipped to appreciate the unique charm of lab-grown diamonds alongside their natural counterparts. | materials_science |
http://andyschroder.com/CPCEvacuatedTube/ | 2024-04-17T11:31:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817153.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417110701-20240417140701-00292.warc.gz | 0.882795 | 221 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__5097284 | en | How it works
About the technology
- Water, or another heat transfer fluid is slowly pumped through the solar collector and is heated by the sun.
- Hot water is typically used to heat a building, provide domestic hot water, or provide industrial process heat.
- An insulated water storage tank is typically used to store energy for night use or cloudy days.
- Collector is made of a glass vacuum tube with an aluminum cylinder inside.
- Light passes through the first layer of glass, through the vacuum, and is then absorbed upon a specialized coating on the second layer of glass, converting the solar energy into heat energy.
- Heat is then conducted from the second layer of glass, to the aluminum cylinder.
- Inside the aluminum cylinder is a copper pipe. Water flows through the copper pipe absorbing thermal energy.
- Behind the glass tube is a compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) reflector, an advanced mirror that concentrates light onto the absorber surface.
- This configuration offers a high gross collector efficiency in a compact, non-tracking solar thermal collector. | materials_science |
http://weigroups.com/xwzx/kydt/7e6c0af97bc5433fa279d731e3478f58.htm | 2020-12-05T14:55:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141747887.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20201205135106-20201205165106-00516.warc.gz | 0.93856 | 1,016 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__175550387 | en | Recently, the mining and metallurgy group received a letter of thanks from Comika mining simple Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Comika company") to express its gratitude for the mineral processing technology research and design consulting services provided by the mining and metallurgy group for the oxidized ore construction of Comika phase II project.
It was mentioned in the letter that the mining and metallurgy group overcame many difficulties and completed various tasks with quality and quantity, which laid a solid foundation for the stable production of oxidized ore in the next stage of Komika phase II project. A few days ago, the second phase hydrometallurgy plant has completed the commissioning with materials and produced the first batch of cathode copper. Comika expects to continue to draw a blueprint with the mining and metallurgy group on the hot land of Congo (DRC), promote the cooperation between the two sides to go deep and practical, go steady and go far, build a greater America Africa and create a better future together.
Comika company is subordinate to Wanbao mineral Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Wanbao mineral"), which is a subsidiary of Wanbao mineral for the development and operation of kamoya copper cobalt ore.
The geological structure of kamoya copper cobalt deposit is relatively complex, there are many kinds of ores, and the grade fluctuates greatly. In 2011, in order to help promote the development of phase I South II ore body, the mineral processing Institute of mining and metallurgy group carried out Beneficiation Technology Research on kamoya sulfide ore, oxide ore and mixed ore, developed mineral processing technology suitable for ore characteristics, and optimized the design process of phase I project. After the first phase project was put into operation, the output and standard were quickly achieved, with an annual output of 60000 tons of copper cobalt sulfide concentrate. The average recovery rate of copper and cobalt were 93.12% and 91.46%, respectively. The economic benefits were significant, which was highly appraised by comica company.
In June 2016, in order to promote the development of phase II oxide ore project, Comika company commissioned the Metallurgical Institute of mining and metallurgy group to carry out "small scale experimental study on the leaching process of kamoya copper oxide ore", and carried out detailed technological research on the East II ore body, North ore body, medium ore body and the west of main ore body in kamoya mining area, which provides the basis for the feasibility study and preliminary design of phase II project.
Due to the large amount of dolomite in the ore body of kamoya, the acid consumption of direct leaching of raw ore is too high, reaching about 310kg / t-ore. however, the supply of sulfuric acid in DRC is short and the price is very high, which seriously affects the economic benefits of the project. In order to improve the economic benefits of copper oxide ore in the development of medium-sized ore bodies, on the basis of small-scale experimental study of leaching process, the mineral processing Institute and the Metallurgical Institute organized backbone forces to give full play to their respective advantages. Through the comparison of multiple schemes, the combined process technology of high acid consumption copper cobalt oxide ore in Comika medium ore body was developed. Under the premise of little change in the comprehensive recovery rate of copper and cobalt, beneficiation and metallurgy were greatly reduced Cost recovery provides technical support for the promotion of the project. At the same time, the mineral processing Institute and the Metallurgical Institute have cooperated to verify the adaptability of the combined process technology for the East II ore body, the North ore body, the west main ore body, and the kazibiz ore body. Combining with the copper and cobalt Market Situation and the results of beneficiation and metallurgy test, reasonable suggestions on the development sequence of oxide ore are given.
The project team of Mineral Processing Institute and Metallurgical Institute of mining and metallurgy group has served for 10 months in Congo (DRC) of Comika company. In addition to the research on the combined process technology of hydrometallurgy and beneficiation and metallurgy of oxidized ore, the project team also carried out technical research on the problems encountered in the field production, and solved the mineral processing technical problems and on-site production problems of carbon shale type refractory sulfide ore Lay a solid foundation for production tasks.
In 2019, in order to strengthen the cooperation of African regional projects and help the "belt and road" initiative, the mining and metallurgy group and Wanbao minerals established a joint beneficiation and metallurgy laboratory in Comika company of Congo (DRC). The joint laboratory will provide greater support for the development of subsequent Comika projects, on-site services and the development of other mining projects. | materials_science |
https://www.turfix.co.uk/product-page/hinged-aluminium-rugby-posts | 2022-06-28T11:23:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103516990.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628111602-20220628141602-00673.warc.gz | 0.871453 | 173 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__66085723 | en | These rugby posts from Harrod Sport are lightweight and easier to handle, with uprights supplied in sections for ease of transportation and storage.
• Hinged adaptors with high tensile bolts make erection of posts easier and safer.
• Manufactured from aluminium tube making the post lightweight and very durable.
• Bottom uprights 7m long, 76mm diameter x 5mm thick.
• Top uprights 7m long, 63.5mm diameter x 3mm thick.
• Crossbar 5.6m long, 50mm diameter x 3mm thick.
• 1m deep sockets with 80mm inside diameter complete with base plates.
• Heights quoted are out of ground height.
• Polyester powder coated white.
• Crossbar height 3.0m from ground to top of crossbar. | materials_science |
https://www.cuttingedge-knife.com/products/fd-060 | 2024-03-01T13:06:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00432.warc.gz | 0.846028 | 180 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__123706851 | en | FD-060 Stag Antler handle w/Honeycome 440c blade
This is a handcrafted handle made of Stag antler. The handle measures 4 inches in length and supports a full tang blade. Detailed file work along spine with a thumb assist stud. The blade measures 3.5 inches long and made of 440c stainless steel. 440c is high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance , high toughness and known for its sharp edge retention. 440c requires little to no care. This stainless steel has a Rockwell hardness of 57-60 HRC.
Free shipping to lower 48 states .CEK pays for USPS Priority First Class
International sales must be approved via email and/or telephone. Buyer pays all shipping and custom fees.
Please feel free to contact us for more photos of knives to choose from.
email : [email protected] | materials_science |
http://www.benyasolar.com/news/405.html | 2019-07-23T20:08:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195529664.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190723193455-20190723215455-00022.warc.gz | 0.900523 | 611 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__1467008 | en | Analysis of the Development Status of SiC Power Electronic Devices
Silicon carbide power electronic devices will play an increasingly important role in improving energy efficiency and realizing miniaturization of power electronic devices. Silicon carbide power electronic devices can improve the efficiency of power utilization and reduce power loss, because compared with silicon devices, silicon carbide devices have advantages in reducing on-resistance and switching loss. For example, in the inverters consisting of diodes and switching tubes, only silicon is replaced by silicon carbide, the power loss of the inverters can be reduced by 15-30%. If the switching tube material is replaced by SiC, the power loss can be reduced by more than half. The power electronic devices made of silicon carbide on a single chip have three characteristics that make the power converter miniaturized: higher switching speed, lower loss and higher operating temperature. Silicon carbide devices can switch at several times the speed of silicon devices. The higher the switching frequency, the easier the energy storage and filter components such as inductance and capacitance are to achieve miniaturization; the lower the power loss, the less the calorific value will be, so the miniaturization of power converter can be realized; and in junction temperature, the silicon device reaches the limit at 200 C, while the silicon carbide device can achieve higher junction temperature and ambient temperature. In this case, the cooling mechanism of the power converter can be reduced or omitted.
With the development of silicon carbide power electronic devices, single-chip silicon carbide devices have not only great advantages in performance, but also advantages in system cost. According to Cree's assessment, using the company's second generation SiC MOSFET and SiC diodes can reduce the total cost of boost converters compared with using silicon IGBT and silicon diodes. Specifically, by increasing the switching frequency to reduce the cost of inductors, the total cost can be reduced to a lower level than when using Si power elements. Taking a 10 kW step-up converter as an example, according to Cree's estimate, the cost of switching on and off at 20 kHz with Si power components is $181.4, while driving at 60 kHz and 100 kHz with SiC power components, the cost will be reduced to $170 and $163 respectively. The use of SiC power components is expected to reduce the total cost of power converters.
In many applications of power electronic devices, such as transmission system, distribution system, electric locomotive, hybrid electric vehicle, various industrial motors, photovoltaic inverters, wind power Grid-connected inverters, air conditioners and other white household appliances, servers and personal computers, silicon carbide devices will gradually show their performance and reduce the system composition. Advantages in this respect. As the main direction of next generation power electronic devices, silicon carbide power electronic devices will bring important technological innovation to power electronics, and promote the development of power electronics in the next two or three decades. | materials_science |
http://diamondwoodchina.com/ | 2018-08-15T22:43:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210362.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815220136-20180816000136-00325.warc.gz | 0.922918 | 3,663 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__59893912 | en | Accoya, the synonym for
Sustainable High-Performance Wood
Ideal for decking, cladding, windows & doors, structures, outdoor furniture and more applications
Accoya® wood is one thoroughly modified wood with high-performance. Created from sustainably-sourced natural wood, Accoya® undergoes a proprietary, non-toxic acetylation process that permanently modifies the wood to the core.
Thus an environmentally friendly solid wood is available with durability, dimensional stability and beauty that matches or exceeds even the best tropical hardwood.
Accoya® wood is sourced from sustainable sources, with FSC® certification and other class leading environmental credentials such as Cradle to Cradle™ Gold certification by the highly prestigious McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) organization.
Diamond Wood China Limited, a licensed distributor of Accoya® wood, is authorized to distribute Accoya ® wood in China and all countries and areas in south east Asia. To meet the growing market demand for Accoya ® wood, Diamond Wood China Limited, is licensed by Accsys (the trading name of Titan Wood Limited), the owner of the Accoya® brand and associated intellectual property, to construct an Accoya® factory in China.
Features & Benefits
Higher reliability, is always shown as the final result of the extensive laboratory and field testing on acetylated wood by leading institutes around the world (including in New Zealand, USA, UK, Sweden, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Netherlands and Japan). Accoya® wood has been thoroughly tested for dimensional stability, durability, paint retention and in-ground conditions to ensure optimal performance. Indeed, it is so reliable that for many years it has been – and continues to be – used by scientists as the benchmark against which other treatments and modifications are measured.
- Swelling and shrinkage reduced by 75% or more
- Doors and windows open effortlessly year round
- Reduced maintenance costs
- Lasting 50 years above ground, 25 years in ground/freshwater
- Class 1 durability, surpassing even teak
- Virtually rot proof
- 70 years minimum service life stated by TRADA
Perfect for Coating
- Improved stability means coatings last up to two times longer
- Easier to coat, less preparation and sanding required
Features & Benefits
- Improved insulation compared to commonly used hardwood and softwood species
- Ideal for energy-conservation applications
- Easy to machine and process
- No requirement to special tools
- Indigestible to a wide range of insects, including termites
- Greatly reduced vulnerability
Consistent Quality Throughout
- Consistent, measurable & cross-section modification quality from surface to core
- No need to apply chemical preservatives when cut or planed
Naturally Beautiful Wood
- Process does not compromise the wood’s natural beauty
From sustainable sources
- From FSC, PEFC and other regionally certified woods
- Naturally renewable
Retained Strength & Hardness
- The process does not compromise the wood’s strength
- Increased hardness
- High strength to weight ratio makes it suitable for challenging applications
Non-toxic & Recyclable
- Protects the environment from the harmful effects of common treatments
- Able to be safely reused, recycled and incinerated
- Ideal for all decking situations in extreme temperatures
- Low thermal gain
- Much less splinters than other wood species when used for decking
Accoya is already inspiring architects, designersand individuals around the world with its outstanding qualities and the possibilities it offers for using wood in exterior applications.
Class 1 Durability
Cellulose is a major structural ingredient of wood, but it is also a major food source for several different insects and decay fungi and makes a great shelter for others, too. Rot causes wood to degrade – particularly when it is used outdoors and exposed to moisture – limiting its service life.
Thanks to the acetylation technology pioneered by Accsys Technologies, Accoya wood offers you an environmentally compatible, durable wood that can be utilized with confidence in outdoor applications and will last for many years.
Simply the Best
‘Class 1’ is simply the top leading level of durability possible in wood. Though there are some naturally durable wood species, it is known that their natural durability is variable with inconsistency.
On the other hand, Accoya wood’s durability is consistent. The properties test of every batch via standard scientific measurements after modification, enable its durability to at least match and even exceed the performance of nature’s most durable species, including teak.
Additionally, Accoya is made using fast growing, sustainably forested radiata pine, while other durable woods tend to be slower growing species. So old growth forests are not threatened or depleted to create Accoya.
Accoya wood’s durability makes it very long lasting, at least:
- 50 years above ground
- 25 years in-ground or freshwater contact
The indigestion to microorganisms and insects makes Accoya wood more durable to wood-destroying fungi and virtually rot-proof.
Where Durability Counts…
Heavy Traffic Road Bridge: “Several independent European research institutes tested Accoya’s suitability for this project. After rigorous testing, we found that its dimensional stability and incredible durability put it head and shoulders above other species and showed that it is suitable for laminating in large sections measuring 1080 x 1400 mm. Accoya is non-toxic and made from sustainably grown timber and these things were also considerations,” Sieds Hoitinga, Project Manager, Province of Friesland, the Netherlands.
Canal Lining: Certain environments are particularly punishing and few are harsher than canal banks where wood is used to hold back the earth, exposing it to water, microbe-rich soil and – most obviously at the waterline – air. Accoya offers unparalleled performance in this application, exceeding tropical hardwood.
Decking: Applications like decking, where the wood is frequently wet and close to or in contact with the ground, demand a durable wood that is an effective barrier to mould and insect. Acetylation has significantly improved wood performance against brown rot, white rot and soft rot. Accoya wood has also proven to be an effective barrier to wood destroying insect damage in multiple field tests and laboratory trails undertaken in many locations all over the world. This includes tests with multiple species of termites.
#2 DIMENSIONAL STABILITY
Here we’d like to share with you more about Accoya® wood’s outstanding dimensional stability and why this is an important factor when using wood in external applications.
Temperature and humidity are critical factors for many materials in outdoor applications.
Generally wood swells in damp or wet conditions and shrinks in dry, hot conditions, with the unwelcomed results: structures may become unstable; windows and doors may jam or let in drafts; wood may warp or split, leading to insect degradation and more frequent maintenance cycles.
Accoya wood’s superior dimensional stability (resistance to swelling and shrinkage) matches or exceeds all the top leading species in the world, including Teak, Sapele, Iroko and Western Red Cedar.
Outstanding Dimensional Stability
With minimal swell and shrinkage, Accoya wood offers outstanding dimensional stability in both radial and tangential directions (thickness and width) and may be confidently utilized in applications where it will encounter varying moisture conditions – even in freshwater immersion.
Tests have shown the reduction in swelling caused by moisture is improved by 75% or more. From oven dry to water saturated conditions, the swelling and shrinkage of acetylated wood is only minimal and, in fact, better than tropical hardwoods.
Advantages of Dimensional Stability
- Better fitting windows and doors in all weathers
- Less frequent coatings maintenance
- Decreased maintenance cycles
- Reduced swelling and risk of jamming in humid conditions
- Cladding that does not cup
- Floors and decks that stay level
Accoya wood has been tested over prolonged periods in different types of weathering conditions – above ground, below ground and in freshwater – and has been proven to withstand even the toughest and most challenging of environments. Even after a prolonged period of immersion, Accoya window frames keep operating smoothly, without jamming.
Accoya® wood truly is a leading edge material that treads softly on the earth.
If you need use wood in outdoor applications and are considering more sustainability, lower carbon footprint and more energy efficiency, Accoya wood may well be the answer you’ve been looking for.
Higher LEED and BREEAM Scores with Accoya
LEED and BREEAM are clearly the most rigorous and internationally recognized certification systems in the green building industry. Both are based on various building related environmental indicators including sustainable energy, -water and -material utilization.
Better BREEAM Scores
BREEAM is the most important sustainable building system in North-western Europe. Because of the low environmental impact based on Life-cycle assessment (LCA), the low maintenance, the innovative character and the sustainable sourcing (always FSC or PEFC), support the application of Accoya to yield a higher BREEAM International score (MAN 5, MAT 1, MAT 3, Inn 1).
More Credits for Accoya in Latest LEED Version
Even if Accoya was already rewarded in the previous (v2009) LEED BD+C system through the sustainable wood sourcing (credit MR 7), in the latest version v4, because of the transparent environmental reporting (LCA, EPD, carbon footprint), the benign environmental profile including C2C Gold certification, and even the light colour (heat island reduction), application of Accoya contributes to even more credits.
Sustainable Accoya® Home Receives Platinum LEED Certification
One of the USA’s most sustainable family homes, constructed with the extensive use of Accoya wood, has been awarded platinum level LEED certification – the highest recognition available from the US Green Building Council.
#4 COATING PERFORMANCE
If the frequently maintain coatings on wood is bothering you, not just in terms of time and cost but also in terms of the associated environmental impact, then you will love the coatings performance advantages associated with Accoya® wood.
Superior Coating Performance
Accoya® wood’s outstanding dimensional stability primarily contributes to its superior coatings performance. Thus any major coating systems can be applied on Accoya® with significantly improved performance.
Dimensional Stability & Coatings
Less swelling and shrinkage (by 70%-80%) of Accoya wood, better coating adherence to its more stable surface. Dimensionally stable wood improves coatings life as paints and other film-forming coatings are not subjected to severe stretch and shrink cycles. The final result is decreased maintenance frequency, causing to:
- Less time to maintain the wood
- Less money spent on coatings
- Less coating used during the overall service life of the wood
- Less impact on the environment
Accoya works well with all known coatings systems. Extensive testing with positive results has been performed with opaque hybrid, opaque acrylic and transparent alkyd emulsions coating systems.
#5 QUALITY & EASE OF USE
Why Accoya® wood is such an exciting and groundbreaking product – one that will enable you to apply wood with absolute confidence, even in external applications.
Consistent Quality & Ease of Use
As a natural material, each piece of wood is unique with frustration and uncertainty when looking for guaranteed performance quality. However, Accoya wood offer you the guaranteed features, such as consistent quality, durability and dimensional stability.
Wood acetylation is a process that has been studied by scientists around the world for more than eighty years. The Accoya wood manufacturing process combines this work with years of proprietary research and investment to deliver consistent results on a commercial scale. Especially, the effectiveness assessment of the acetylation process is measured after Accoya wood has been produced, with an array of sophisticated and proven analytical techniques.
Each batch is analyzed and Accoya wood always meets the requirements of Durability Class 1 for Use Classes 1-4 in accordance with EN 350-1 & EN 335-1.
Consistent Quality Throughout
As Accoya wood is modified all the way through, rather than just at the surface, when it is cut, planed or jointed there are no exposed unprotected surfaces in any dimension. This completely removes the need to apply additional chemical preservatives to the unmodified or envelope treated woods.
Excellent Machinability & Ease of Fixing
Easy to machine and process manually, Accoya wood is creating almost challenges for product manufacturers and end users. Accoya wood can be fixed in the same way as other commonly used softwood species. As with one of the most durable woods, Accoya contains a small amount of acid. It is therefore strongly recommended that corrosion resistant fixings, such as high quality stainless steel, are used.
Retained Strength & Hardness
The manufacturing process does not compromise the wood’s strength. In fact, the hardness of the wood is increased and because Accoya wood has a high strength to weight ratio, it is suitable for challenging applications – even heavy traffic road bridges.
Naturally Beautiful Wood
Last but not least, Accoya wood is naturally beautiful. It is comparable in colour to the original source species, so that you can achieve a natural look in your projects if you wish or it may be easily coated in a wide range of colour finishes. It’s up to you!.
Accoya has been applied to create a unique “floating” bridge in the Dutch city of Bergen op Zoom.
Ro Koster and Ad Kil, of Bergen op Zoom-based RO&AD Architects, who also mastered the famous and award winning Moses Bridge in Halsteren, designed the 80m floating pedestrian bridge to realize the access to the 18th century fort’s entrance. Its snake-like path mimics the journey and motion of the boats which originally travelled there.
Windows & Doors
The improved thermal insulation compared to commonly used wood species and more durability and dimensional stability than the best tropical hardwoods, enable Accoya wood as one brilliant material for windows and doors. Based on the third party testing of Accoya, its expected service life is now independently reported as extending to 70 years when used for window joinery in the UK and Europe as well as being Carbon Negative over its life cycle. Coatings last longer and it is perfect for transparent, translucent or opaque coatings… whatever captures your imagination.
Any cladding, siding and façades with the consideration on aesthetics, stability, durability and less frequent maintenance, Accoya wood will jump to mind. Here it is used to clad a contemporary extension using an inclined open boarding system, finished with an environmentally friendly dark or light stain.
The beauty, strength and all-weather performance are crucial for decking, jetties and pontoons. A dimensionally stable material that will stay flat and has very minimal bow, cup, warp and split and will not be affected by fungi or rot is ideal. It is also important that the wood is non-toxic and therefore safe for people and animals. Accoya wood meets these requirements.
In the Shade
Accoya wood is an excellent choice for shutters, louvres and solar shading.
It is the acetylated wood technology, that creates Accoya wood Over 80 years ago, the scientists around the world has studied the process.
The proven superior performance, delivered by the wood improvement method, has long been used as the “gold standard” against which other methods are measured.
The chemical structure of any material will determine its physical properties. There is an abundance of chemical groups called “free hydroxyls” in wood, which absorb and release water according to changes in the climatic conditions to which the wood is exposed. This is the key reason why wood swells and shrinks.
It is also believed that enzymes’ digestion of wood initiates at the free hydroxyl sites – which is one of the principal reasons why wood is prone to decay.
Acetylation effectively transfers free hydroxyls within the wood into acetyl groups. This is done by reacting the wood with acetic anhydride, which comes from acetic acid (vinegar when in dilute form).
The transformation from the free hydroxyl group to an acetyl group, greatly reduces the water absorption ability of the wood, and render the wood more dimensionally stable and extremely durable.
Acetyl groups naturally exist in all wood species. This means that the acetylation process adds nothing into the wood, but alter the wood’s chemical structure to create an end product that is dramatically superior to its source species.
Accoya® wood, the end product, has no toxins in itself, moreover it releases none toxins to the environment.
From the ordinary to the extraordinary, Accoya® wood is suitable for a wide variety of applications.
Please browse below some of the many projects with Accoya® acetylated wood applied.
Feel free to browse the documents relating to Accoya® wood here.
Diamond Wood China Ltd.
Room 540, 5F, The Hub Tower 3, No.888 Shen Chang Road, Shanghai, PRC. 201100
+86 21 2351 6220
Sales Manager in South East Asia
Mr. Olivier Roy
Tel: + 84 908 02 43 20
Sales Manager in China
Mr. Stephen Jie
Tel: +86 138 1003 0460
Sales Manager in Thailand
Mr. Sakda Kunaphan
Tel: +66 929 263 526 | materials_science |
https://wildlabsky.com/blog/weathering-the-elements-how-steel-hangars-protect-aircraft/ | 2023-12-04T15:43:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100531.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204151108-20231204181108-00317.warc.gz | 0.918296 | 803 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__310172781 | en | Steel aircraft hangars stand as stalwart guardians against the forces of nature. These meticulously designed and constructed structures serve as the primary shelter for aircraft of all shapes and sizes. This article discusses thesteadfast protection that steel provides to an airplane hangar against various environmental elements, ensuring the safety and longevity of aircraft assets.
Resilience to Harsh Weather Conditions
Steel hangars exhibit an unparalleled ability to withstand a wide spectrum of weather conditions. Whether facing the scorching sun of summer, the bone-chilling cold of winter, or the relentless battering of wind and rain, steel remains steadfast. The inherent strength of steel provides a robust defense against rust, corrosion, and degradation, ensuring the aircraft within remains unharmed.
The Shield Against UV Radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, emitted by the sun, poses a significant threat to aircraft exposed to the elements. Prolonged UV exposure can cause paint deterioration, leading to aesthetic and functional issues. Steel hangars, with their protective coatings and design, act as a formidable shield against harmful UV rays, preserving the appearance and integrity of the aircraft’s surface.
Protection from Extreme Temperatures
Steel hangars create a climate-controlled environment that shields aircraft from extreme temperature fluctuations. Whether in the sweltering heat of summer or the biting cold of winter, these structures maintain a stable internal temperature. This temperature regulation prevents damage to sensitive electronic systems, engines, and materials, enhancing the operational reliability of aircraft.
Defense Against Wind and Storms
Strong winds and storms cause significant damage to aircraft that are left exposed. Steel hangars are engineered to withstand even the most ferocious gusts and turbulent weather conditions. Their sturdy construction, anchored firmly to the ground, ensures that aircraft remain sheltered from wind-related damages such as tipping, wing deformation, or structural compromise.
Resistance to Corrosion
Corrosion, a pervasive threat to aircraft, can compromise their structural integrity over time. Steel hangars incorporate anti-corrosion measures, such as galvanization and protective coatings, which create an impenetrable barrier against moisture and chemical agents. This proactive approach significantly extends the lifespan of both the hangar and the aircraft it houses.
Protection from Natural Disasters
Steel hangars offer a reliable refuge for aircraft in regions susceptible to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or wildfires. Their robust framework and engineered design provide a heightened level of safety during such catastrophic events, reducing the risk of aircraft damage and loss.
Minimized Bird and Pest Intrusions
Birds and pests can pose a significant threat to aircraft parked in the open. Steel hangars, with their enclosed design, minimize the chances of bird strikes and pest infestations. This added protection not only ensures the safety of the aircraft but also reduces maintenance costs associated with cleaning and repairs.
Advantages of Customization
Steel hangars offer an array of practical advantages, beginning with their adaptability. These configurations can be tailored to suit precise needs, whether it’s for a solitary private aircraft or a complete lineup of commercial jets. The flexibility in size, layout, and additional features, such as offices, workshops, and storage spaces, ensures that each hangar is tailored to serve its purpose efficiently, optimizing both space and functionality.
Beyond their versatility, steel hangars also excel in long-term cost-effectiveness. While the initial investment in constructing a steel hangar may appear higher than alternative options, their unmatched durability and minimal maintenance requirements translate into substantial savings over the years. These hangars offer long-lasting durability spanning decades, minimizing the necessity for frequent maintenance and replacements.
In the unforgiving realm of aviation, where aircraft are subjected to the whims of Mother Nature, an airplane hangar made from steel is completely safe from the external elements. Their resilience to harsh weather conditions, protection against UV radiation, regulation of temperature extremes, and resistance to corrosion all contribute to the safeguarding of valuable aircraft assets. | materials_science |
https://www.woolworths.co.za/prod/Men/Clothing/New-In/Jackets-Coats/Trenery-Technical-Harrington/_/A-505380048 | 2021-06-16T17:36:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487625967.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616155529-20210616185529-00049.warc.gz | 0.911027 | 221 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__26557179 | en | A do-it-all jacket that won't weigh you down. We took our Modern Harrington and updated it in a light but sturdy technical fabric crafted in a blend of recycled nylon. Featuring a zip closure and stand collar with throat tab to keep out the elements, plus external and internal pockets for the essentials. Wear with denim or chinos for an eased, cool aesthetic.
- Water-resistant shell
- Breathable cotton poplin lining
- Stand collar with throat tab
- External welt pockets at chest and sides
- Internal pocket
- Action back for ease of movement
- One-way zip closure
- Snap-button closures on collar, cuffs, hem tabs and external pockets
- Our model is 190cm and wears a 34/M
Our recycled nylon yarn is made from the waste generated and collected during the production of raw nylon. It has the same quality and performance benefits as virgin nylon - produced with a lower environmental impact.
- Cold hand wash
- Composition: 51% Recycled Nylon, 49% Nylon
- Product code: | materials_science |
https://chenresearchlab.umbc.edu/ | 2021-11-30T09:05:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358966.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130080511-20211130110511-00500.warc.gz | 0.927011 | 164 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__15417884 | en | Our lab does highly interdisciplinary research. One focus is to create biomimetic microfluidic devices using various engineering techniques such as 3D-printing, mold casting, soft lithography, and laser-cutting. Electrospinning and hydrogels are commonly used to create 3D extracellular matrix on microfluidic devices for cell and tissue culture. We are also a group of analytical chemists. We develop new methodologies using spectroscopy, electrochemistry, separation, and mass spectrometry to quantitate molecules we are interested in. Currently, we are using these tools to study blood vessels, the liver, and infections.
Recently, we also started a new project to create wearable sensors to monitor health. Various new technologies and protocols have been developed and tested for these applications. | materials_science |
https://www.mistersize.ie/about-us/condom-quality | 2024-04-22T01:52:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818067.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421225303-20240422015303-00360.warc.gz | 0.93088 | 342 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__1886043 | en | To be able to guarantee our customers maximum safety, first-class materials and strict controls are part of our standard program. Millions of condom users worldwide therefore enjoy the high quality of Mister Size, which is the result of over 20 years of industry expertise.
Mister Size condoms are made from a unique natural rubber latex blend that gives the product extra soft, tear-resistant and low-odor properties. As a result, Mister Size condoms enable intense sensation experiences and yet reliable protection. For optimal compatibility, the lubricating gel coating is made of pure silicone oil, which is also known as dimethicone.
Mister Size is a certified medical product according to the EU Directive 93/42 EEC. In addition to internal quality controls, our production and management systems are regularly & officially audited according to ISO 9001 and ISO 13485.
For production we rely on our long-term partner Karex, the largest condom manufacturer in the world. Mister Size condoms are developed and produced in Malaysia on state-of-the-art equipment under the supervision of experienced professionals. So we have our condoms produced close to the raw material extraction to ensure the best possible quality. Each Mister Size condom is electronically tested for holes. The natural rubber mixture and the pure silicone oil guarantee the best skin compatibility and safety.
Karex guarantees fair payment of production staff and no child labor in the production of Mister Size.
The condom outer packaging consists of carefully printed cardboard. We do not use unnecessary plastic bags or superfluous packaging space - the motto is: as much as necessary, as little as possible.
Mister Size condoms are also vegan. | materials_science |
https://modemischiefstudios.com/en-us/pages/bamboo-the-benefits-for-you-and-earth | 2024-02-28T02:32:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474690.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228012542-20240228042542-00314.warc.gz | 0.889977 | 360 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__161759928 | en | BAMBOO: THE BENEFITS FOR YOU AND EARTH.
There are numerous advantages of bamboo textiles, for you and Earth.
1. Sustainable: Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants worldwide, capable of replenishing itself within a year after harvest. This resilient plant requires no fertilizers or pesticides, making it an outstanding sustainable choice compared to other textiles like cotton.
2. Eco-friendly: Bamboo requires very little water and no chemicals to grow, making it an environmental superstar. It also absorbs more carbon dioxide and releases more oxygen into the environment than cotton, significantly improving air quality.
3. Biodegradable: Bamboo is 100% natural and biodegradable, which leaves minimal environmental impact.
4. Durable and Resilient: Bamboo is extremely resilient and durable. Despite this strength, it feels soft, silky and luxurious to the touch, providing unparalleled comfort. It also tends to last longer in your wardrobe over other textiles like cotton.
5. Hypoallergenic: The eco-friendly bamboo fibres are gentle on the skin, making them an excellent choice for individuals with sensitive skin.
6. Breathable and Thermo-regulating: Bamboo fabric keeps you comfortable in all temperatures, cool in summer and warm in winter, due to its excellent moisture-wicking properties.
7. UV Protective: Bamboo fabric can protect you and your loved ones from harmful UV rays.
8. Odor Resistant: Bamboo fabric is generally more odour resistant than synthetic materials, reducing the need for frequent washing and enhancing its eco-friendly benefits.
By choosing bamboo, you're not just opting for a superior product, but also contributing positively towards environmental sustainability. | materials_science |
https://www.idvorak.info/2023/08/24/manufacturing-story/ | 2024-02-23T06:35:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474361.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223053503-20240223083503-00239.warc.gz | 0.697208 | 869 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__166915263 | en | 🚁🚁🚁 𝐓𝐨𝐲 𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲
Here’s a brief breakdown of the steps I follow to transform a bare board into a fully assembled PCB:
1️⃣ 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (Top Layer): A precise manual (stencil) solder paste application on designated pads.
2️⃣ 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: With the help of a pair of tweezers, components are meticulously placed on their respective solder paste beds.
3️⃣ 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: The board is put into a reliable reflow oven, where the solder paste melts, forming secure connections.
4️⃣ 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (Bottom Layer): A similar solder paste deposition process for the underside of the board.
5️⃣ 𝗕𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Just like the top layer, components are positioned on the solder paste beds of the bottom layer.
6️⃣ 𝗕𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: Another pass through the reflow oven ensures components on the bottom layer are firmly soldered in place.
🎉 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗖𝗕 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗹𝘆! The final product: a fully assembled PCB, ready for testing and eventual integration. | materials_science |
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