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https://www.spewarecorporation.com/science-and-technology.aspx | 2019-02-22T14:17:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247518425.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222135147-20190222161147-00459.warc.gz | 0.867829 | 2,044 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__12147528 | en | Science & Technology
SPEware Corporation brings advanced separation efficiency to the extraction laboratory. We combine smart extraction chemistry products with automation to deliver efficient laboratory workflows. We have 20 years of experience designing and implementing improved Positive Pressure Workstations directly to our customers.
Smart Extraction Products for SPE using Polymeric Microparticles
SPEware is the leader in polymeric micro-particulate extraction. We apply our patented packing technology to the production of NBE and SPE extraction columns and 96 well plates.
Our technologies enhance the quality of test results, reduce risk, and achieve greater ROI (Return on Investment) for all types of analytical laboratories, including clinical reference, toxicology, biopharmaceutical, pain management, government, forensic and environmental testing laboratories.
SPEware columns have a unique laminar construction that allows the use of microparticulate sorbents with particle sizes of 20µm and below. Smaller particles in SPE offer numerous benefits; in particular, tighter elution bands (reduced elution volumes), improved method ruggedness at faster flow rates and higher capture efficiency.
The use of water-wettable polymer sorbents reduces or eliminates SPE column conditioning and equilibration steps, thereby saving time, reagent and labor costs.
SPEware is the expert in positive pressure processing of SPE columns. Positive pressure processing has numerous advantages compared to traditional vacuum manifold processing. Positive pressure provides consistent uniform flow across a set of columns or wells, and coupled with electronic flow control, allows for perfectly reproducible flow profiles to be embedded within methods. SPEware positive pressure processors are designed to be fully compatible and provide seamless work flow with other laboratory platforms, such as evaporators and robotic liquid handlers.
- Polymeric particles of small size (8µm – 20µm v. 40µm – 60µm) with customizable chemistries:
The unique advantages are:
- High capture efficiency
- Significantly faster usable flow rate
- Inert support matrix versus silica
- Designed for positive pressure manifolds
The benefits are:
- More rugged methods
- Shorter methods
- Lower LLOQ/more sensitive methods
- Wider variety of chemistries
- Smaller sample volume
- Lower elution volume
- Individual columns, single or 96-well:
The unique advantages are:
- Each column is individually QC’d in single and 96-well format
- Flexibility in configuration
The benefits are:
- Customizable plates to customer specifications
- Method development plates
- Minimizes waste
CEREX® High Efficiency Extraction SPE or Phospholipid/protein crash columns are produced from a family of polymeric sorbents. These sorbents are divided into two classes, namely, co-polymeric and functionalized polymers.
Our functionalized sorbents are surface modified, highly cross-linked divinylbenzene polymers. These modifications afford extraordinary properties when used for solid phase extraction. For example, functionalizing DVB with a quaternary amine produces a strong anion exchanger. This ion exchanger performs in mixed mode, coupled to the hydrophobic interaction provided by the divinylbenzene backbone.
CEREX® is a patented manufacturing technology that enables creation of very high performance solid phase extraction (SPE) columns. CEREX® technology provides for the use of microparticulate sorbents in the SPE column, typically in the 10µm particle size range, as compared to the 40µm particle size range used by most commercial suppliers. Microparticulate sorbents offer tangible and significant benefits compared to larger particle sorbents; specifically, very high capture efficiency.
Capture efficiency refers to the ability of a SPE device to effectively retain, or "trap" desired analytes from the applied sample. Regardless of the chemical affinity of the sorbent for the analyte species, SPE products that use large particle sorbents may exhibit significant analyte breakthrough during sample application. This is caused by the relatively large flow paths between sorbent particles, allowing analytes to bypass contact with the sorbent (Figure 1).
In contrast, CEREX® microparticulate sorbents contain much smaller flow paths, ensuring contact with the sorbent as the analyte molecules pass through the sorbent bed. This results in more efficient and consistent analyte trapping, leading to higher analyte recoveries and more reproducible results (Figure 2).
A loading experiment demonstrates the difference between an 8µm sorbent and a conventional 40µm sorbent, using surface-matched sorbent chemistries, in an online cartridge format (graph courtesy of Spark Holland, see Figure 3). Breakthrough of a UV-absorbing analyte from each respective cartridge is measured using a conventional UV detector. The trace begins with the cartridge bypassed; therefore, the detector signal reflects the level of analyte in the loading solvent.
As the cartridge is placed into the sample stream, absorbance drops initially, and then recovers as analyte "breaks through" the cartridge. Note that the 8um cartridge captures roughly 4 times the analyte quantity as the 40µm cartridge before breakthrough, and reaches total saturation capacity immediately thereafter, as seen by rapid recovery of the detector signal to initial conditions. In contrast, the 40µm cartridge never reaches saturation capacity, even after many minutes of sample loading.
This high capture effect of micro-particles allows the use of much smaller bed masses in CEREX ® columns compared to conventional sorbents. For example, a 35mg or even a 20mg CEREX® column typically exhibits the same effective capacity as a 100mg, 40µm conventional SPE product. The use of smaller sorbent beds allows for commensurately smaller analyte elution volumes, as demonstrated in Figure 4 (chromatogram courtesy of Spark Holland).
Van Deemter: Wider Flow Range
Extractions using CEREX® columns are faster and less operator dependent than classical SPE. One of the contributing factors to this benefit is the wider usable flow range when using smaller particles. The form of the Van Deemter equation is such that HETP achieves a minimum value at a particular flow velocity (low HETP values are good). At this flow rate, the resolving power of the column is maximized. The window for this maximum performance – resolving power - broadens as particle size drops. This means a wider flow range through the bed is allowable; i.e. more rugged methods and less dependence on flow rate for performance.
CEREX® SPE products are available in a wide range of sorbent chemistries and configurations. Column formats offered include standard syringe-barrel tubes with luer-tips in the most widely used sizes (1, 3, and 6 mL tubes). In 96-well formats (including NBE), both "integrated" (single plate) and "modular" (base plate plus plug-in columns) formats are available to accommodate specific user applications. Column bed masses range from 1 mg up to 1 gram scale in the largest columns.
Different column sizes for different applications
- 1 mL is perfect for high throughput sample extraction, automation and automated method development
- 3 mL is designed for more difficult matrices such as whole blood, neat oral fluid, animal urine, etc.
- 6 mL is designed for even more difficult matrices such as post-mortem samples, tissues, etc.
- 1 mL in 96-well format is assembled to your specifications or can be assembled in your laboratory.
- Designed with a gap between each well to eliminate cross contamination
- Standard footprint manufactured to ISO 9001 (ANSI) specifications
- Manufactured from superior quality polypropylene, deep plates can be stored in the freezer to -70° C and may be autoclaved repeatedly
- Alpha-numeric well identification
Various sorbent phases are readily available
- PSCX, DVB/ Strong Cation Exchanger Copolymer, 20 micron, 300Å. This material exhibits excellent selectivity for extracting basic drugs from biological fluids. Dual mode mechanism of extraction can be used to achieve an extract that is 95% protein free.
- PSAX, DVB/ Strong Anion Exchanger Copolymer, 20 micron, 300Å. This material exhibits excellent selectivity for extracting acidic drugs from biological fluids. Dual mode mechanism of extraction can be used to achieve ultra-high purity extracts.
- Maestro™ phospholipid removal/protein crash line of products with higher capacity for phospholipids retention, near 100% analyte recovery and no column plugging.
- Trace-B: High efficiency Hydrophilic DVB Polymer for extracting drugs of abuse from biological matrices
- 10-15 micron - Provides high recoveries of drugs at very low concentrations.
- 200Å pore size - High efficiency sorbent allows for even flow with high recovery as well as elution in small volumes.
- True dual mode column - Hydrophilic Polymer with a Cation Exchanger
- CEREX® Format-Eliminates column channeling for high speed processing with flow rates up to 10 ml/min.
- Hydrophilic polymer - No column conditioning required, eliminates column drying problem
- High cross linking - Provides a rigid polymer that is stable from pH 1 to 14 and eliminates troublesome pH adjustment steps in extraction process.
- Polymer based chemistry - Excellent lot-to-lot reproducibility. Single source manufacturing.
- Trace-N: High efficiency hydrophobic polymer for extraction of THC and metabolites from biological matrices.
- Trace-J: High efficiency DVB Polymeric phase for extracting basic drugs from biological matrices. | materials_science |
https://www.landskronafoto.org/en/jessica-pettway-plastic/ | 2021-09-22T18:32:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057371.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922163121-20210922193121-00398.warc.gz | 0.960782 | 289 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__156876072 | en | Jessica Pettway works in New York. The Plastic series of pictures was specially produced for Landskrona Fotofestival. Pettway has worked for a long time documenting how modern society uses plastics. Her pictures have been published in newspapers such as The New York Times and The Guardian. Now the Plastic series has a Swedish part. The packages in the pictures were bought in local grocery stores in Landskrona and photographed in Pettway’s studio in New York.
Plastic is a controversial material. In the 1960s and 1970s, cheap manufacturing methods were developed and the plastics industry flourished. Plastic appeared to be the answer to many problems of storage and durability. Today, plastic is a symbol of environmental destruction. One problem is that plastic is a consumable, thrown away after use. Another problem is that we have developed a storage industry that involves plastic upon plastic. Even products that are not fragile are packaged singly and then wrapped in yet another plastic package.
Pettway’s photographs explore the enticing aesthetics of plastic packaging. With playfully composed images, she criticizes the packaging industry and our excess consumption. The surreal environments and pop-style colours of the photographs serve as a commentary on our use of plastic. Plastic creates a sense of sterility and alienates the consumer from nature, the agricultural process and the food. Where does this demand for artificiality come? From the consumer or from industry? | materials_science |
https://www.rbaofqc.com/windows/video-the-merits-of-fibrex-as-a-window-material/ | 2019-03-19T14:50:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201996.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319143502-20190319165502-00101.warc.gz | 0.88156 | 486 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__116849916 | en | Renewal by Andersen® of Quad Cities windows are made with Fibrex®, an exclusive composite material developed by the Andersen® Corporation. Part wood fibers, part thermoplastic polymers, Fibrex isn’t the only window material on the market, but it’s perhaps the closest to perfection.
What separates it from the rest? Here’s why Fibrex creates strong, long-lasting, energy-efficient and low-maintenance windows:
It Doesn’t Decay Like Wood
Our proprietary polymer completely encases and fills each individual cell of the Fibrex wood fiber without crushing any of them. As a result, our patented material has the remarkable ability to repel moisture and resist decay. In fact, we guarantee it not to rot under normal use for a long time.
It Doesn’t Crack or Bow Like Vinyl
Fibrex is twice as strong as vinyl. Its low expansion and contraction rates allow it to remain rigid and stable with extreme changes in temperature. You can rest assured our double-hung, sliding, picture and casement windows can stay weathertight year after year.
It Doesn’t Waste Energy Like Aluminum
Compared with aluminum, Fibrex insulates 700 times better. Its superior thermal insulating properties perfectly complement the exceptional performance of any of our Low-E4® glass packages. Fibrex helps you achieve your desired indoor climate with less energy, keeping your interior warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
It Doesn’t Require Painting Like Fiberglass
Unlike fiberglass-framed products, Fibrex-made specialty, bay and bow windows never need periodic scraping and painting. They’re guaranteed not to flake, blister, pit, corrode or peel for a long period. With our advanced extrusion process, we can permanently apply a wide palette of striking colors, including black, and beat the heat.
Most importantly, Fibrex is manufactured in an environmentally responsible way. It consists of 40% reclaimed wood fibers by weight, saving nearly 90 million board feet of lumber from harvesting since the day it was developed.
To see a Fibrex sample with your own eyes, call Renewal by Andersen of Quad Cities at (844) 366-7784 today. We’ll be happy to schedule your FREE consultation and estimate in Rock Island, IL, at your most convenient day and time. | materials_science |
https://www.ouceonline.com/structural/ | 2023-02-02T17:51:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00664.warc.gz | 0.906636 | 769 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__154004054 | en | The online M.S. in Civil Engineering is a 32-credit hour program, completed in 21 months* while working full-time. This program features a Structural Engineering track that can advance your practical design skills and equip you for analytical or experimental research. Building on the common foundation modules, the Structural Engineering track dives deep into properties, fabrication methods, and applications of wood, steel and concrete.
The curriculum teaches key equations and analysis methods for determining the safety and soundness of structures made from these materials, including soil-structure interactions and the fundamentals of earthquake safety engineering.
As a capstone to your program, you will complete an open-ended design project which demonstrates your understanding of the principles taught in the curriculum through practical application to a real-world problem.
*21-month program for students who start in the fall semester; spring starts can finish in 24 months.
Who This Track is For
The Structural Engineering track is for undergraduate-qualified engineers who want to:
- Pursue structural engineering at an advanced level or as a new specialty;
- Earn professional development credit that may be applied towards professional licensure in their state, and
- Connect with a global network of engineering professionals and our industry-experienced faculty.
Presented through a best-in-class online interface, you can finish this degree in as few as 21 months.
Courses for the Structural Track
|Prestressed Concrete Structures (3)||Design procedures for pretensioned and post-tensioned concrete structures, with emphasis on the behavior of prestressed concrete. Topics include: methods of analysis, time dependent effects, fabrication and construction procedures, connections, highway bridges, frames, composite construction, continuous structures, and anchorage zone detailing.|
|Structural Design - Wood (3)||Material properties and behavior of wood. Analysis and design of solid and laminated structural members, connections, systems, trusses, and arches. Current developments in structural wood design and research.|
|Structural Design - Concrete II (3)||Advanced reinforced concrete behavior and design including limit design, anchorage design, slender columns, truss models for shear and torsion of beams, two-way and flat slabs, and the art of detailing.|
|Structural Design - Steel II (3)||Advanced structural steel design including steel deck diaphragms, column and beam bracing, composite beam design, rigid frame design, torsional member design, plate girder design, and design of building connections.|
|Capstone Design Experience (1)||An independent capstone design experience that focuses on a real-world, open-ended design problem that applies the skills, knowledge, and techniques learned by the student during their graduate studies.|
|Soil-Structure Interaction (3)||Introduces students to analytical and numerical solutions to soil-structure interaction problems. Includes methods of solution for beams and mats on elastic foundations; analysis and design of axially and laterally loaded piles and pile groups; and sheet piles and retaining walls. Nonlinear behavior of soils and piles will also be covered, and the students will be introduced to industry standard software such as LPILE and GROUP.|
|Dynamics of Structures (3)||Free vibration, forced vibration, and transient response of structures having one, multiple, or infinite number of degrees-of-freedom; structural damping effects; numerical solution techniques; Lagrange’s equation of motion; Rayleigh-Ritz method. General matrix formulation for multiple degrees-of-freedom and modal coordinate transformation. Introduction to earthquake engineering concepts.| | materials_science |
http://cn-printingmachines.com/printing-on-nonwoven-fabric.html | 2021-11-27T06:40:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358118.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127043716-20211127073716-00417.warc.gz | 0.902459 | 166 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__63851778 | en | Nonwoven fabric bags are usually screen printed. But as for people preferring more delicate printings, the gravure printing press is applied to the nonwoven fabric printing industry, especially when producing bags with large areas of colorful patterns.
Nonwoven fabric bags printed by gravure printing press are usually laminated. This means in production, the gravure printing press first print the patterns on plastic film and then the lamination machine presses the film to the nonwoven fabric. In this way, the printings are more beautiful as well as water-proof and more durable than other kinds of nonwoven fabric bags.
We can provide a gravure printing press and lamination machine to complete the process above, which automates the production line and shortens the production cycle of nonwoven fabric bags.Recommended Products | materials_science |
https://www.deerparkfurniture.com/veneers.html | 2021-10-27T01:35:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587963.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026231833-20211027021833-00402.warc.gz | 0.943087 | 487 | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__225406753 | en | What is Veneering?
by Terry Canup
One of the most popular options is to attach a thin layer to
the products' surface to give it the finish and texture the
manufacturer is trying to achieve. This gives them great
flexibility of looks, with the same basic case construction
It also reduces manufacturing cost and speeds production
time. The technique is known as veneering.
Applying a single
source veneer to a wood base
Veneering has been around for hundreds of years. Craftsman
have used it to enhance the look of the final product for
generations. It is a precision technique. Once the base
surface has been prepared, the veneer is laid on by gluing its
layer, in a bond, to the base material. By hand, this is done
by using what is known as a veneer roller. On an industrial
scale large machine rollers veneer the raw planks prior to
them being cut for specific furniture uses. Today, there are a
number of materials used as veneers.
The traditional wood veneers are still the most popular, but
vinyl is quite widely used. Marble top furniture used to
consist of thick slabs of polished marble stone bolted to the
furniture casing. Now-a-days, thin sheets of marble veneered
over a wood or MDF top is the economical alternative and still
gives you real marble tops. Manufacturers are constantly
coming up with lower production cost alternatives. New
marble-look resin top veneers have become very popular. Some
refer to it as man-made marble.
Hand veneering a cosmetic design with
multi source hardwoods
Even lower cost alternatives are available. Called faux marble
(or Alabama marble for where it was invented), it is a
print-on finish. New computer technology allows furniture
producers to program designs that large machines print onto
the surface of the chosen material (usually, pressboard or MDF
boards, because of their exceptionally smooth surfaces. While
it is used in simulating marble, it is also used to simulate
wood grains and even paint finishes. Done properly, it can be
very difficult to distinguish the difference between real wood
and print on finishes on a composite material.. | materials_science |
https://www.shaving.ie/tiger-de-razor-blades/ | 2023-09-26T16:24:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00417.warc.gz | 0.903489 | 178 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__54400490 | en | Tiger DE Razor Blades
Experience a smooth and comfortable shave with Tiger Platinum double-edged blades. These flexible interchangeable blades are made by the former manufacturer of Astra blades from the Czech Republic from premium Swedish stainless steel with a high carbon content. The completely German production line contributes to the production of these high-quality razor blades.
The blades coated with platinum and teflon offer the user many advantages that contribute to a pleasantly smooth shaving experience with a minimum of resistance and irritation. These blades maintain a pleasant sharpness for a very long time.
The razor blades are suitable for all skin types - even very sensitive ones - and for light to heavy beard growth. These blades fit all common safety razors.
These blades are individually wrapped in paraffin wax paper in a pack of 5 to ensure safety, sterility, and durability.
- 100 Blades | materials_science |
https://uniqueqolors.com/cmf-design/ | 2024-03-05T06:47:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707948223038.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240305060427-20240305090427-00427.warc.gz | 0.925517 | 529 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__149030176 | en | Color - Material - Finish
CMF Design Service
Why we offer CMF design service as a masterbatch manufacturer has to do with a clear trend we see. We are often taken "on-to-go" with aesthetic choices from color to reflection to visible fibers in the material. Often these choices are not clearly defined or are only considered later in the process and that while the base material turns out to be inappropriate for this purpose. For example, the color becomes completely different the moment an additive or effect is added.
When materials, color and finishes are considered strategically and earlier in the process, it can streamline communication and collaboration between design teams and manufacturers. This can result in a more efficient design process and more consistent results.
"Innovation opportunities from the CMF perspective can be leveraged to achieve competitive advantages such as lower costs, shorter cycles, faster updates and circularity goals."
Focus on material
When it comes to product development - whether it's semi-finished products or a complete product - material selection is a crucial link that must be considered early in the design process. Material selection affects every aspect of the product.
"Material first design" emphasizes the importance of early and close collaboration between designers, material & color specialists to create products that are functionally, legally and aesthetically in line with their intended goals. It provides a holistic approach to product design, with material selection playing a central role in creating innovative and sustainable solutions.
The polymer industry is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary; collaborations between materials scientists, engineers and designers are becoming essential.
To achieve the right color, several factors must be considered. First, it is important to accurately specify the desired end result including hue, brightness, reflectance and any special properties that need to be added to the color. Next, the base material is analyzed to understand the current color and composition.
In the laboratory, we check and validate the color consistency and quality of the master batch, using advanced color measurements, spectrophotometry and other techniques to ensure that the color is consistent across different production batches.
We are material and color specialists in all things polymer related. Our promise is a solution for every polymer. We research, experience and advise on plastics. From circular solutions to materials requiring special properties. We value recycling streams to come up with innovative solutions.
The Laboratory is a large R&D swim tank. Basic materials, pigments and additives are assembled into desired compositions. We match functional, financial and aesthetic needs. Circular responsibility starts at the beginning of the plastic chain, with the right knowledge in-house we create awareness of circular solutions. | materials_science |
https://www.carl-f-bucherer.com/en/watches/patravi-scubatec-black-00-10632-28-33-01 | 2020-09-21T00:11:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198868.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920223634-20200921013634-00137.warc.gz | 0.855758 | 139 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__60160606 | en | Sapphire crystal with anti-reflective coating on both sides
Water-resistant to 500 m (50 atm)
Diameter 44.6 mm
Height 13.45 mm
Rubber strap with recycled PET textile layer
diving folding clasp in DLC-coated titanium
The idea of sustainability, which is integral to our company philosophy, is expressed in the production process of the new variant. The textile insert of the black rubber strap is made from 100% recycled plastic bottles recovered from the ocean. This allows every timepiece and every buyer to actively contribute to the responsible use of our resources,” explains Sascha Moeri, CEO of Carl F. Bucherer. | materials_science |
https://macadamconstruction.com/services/water-blasting/ | 2023-09-28T01:26:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510334.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927235044-20230928025044-00763.warc.gz | 0.90222 | 299 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__289862945 | en | Over time, any surface can and will degrade, acquire buildup of dirt or other materials, or otherwise be in need of a thorough cleaning, such as before the application of new concrete or coatings. For these applications, water blasting is an effective way to prepare, restore, or clean various types of surfaces.
Blasting in at over 30,000 PSI, this process can remove up to 1/8″ in of your existing surface, leaving it fully prepped and ready for a new coating, paint, or sealer.
Water blasting can also be used on vertical surfaces as a safer, more cost-effective alternative to shot blasting.
Water blasting is useful for a variety of situations for concrete, asphalt, or other surfaces.
Before applying a new coating or overlay, water blasting can help prepare the surface and ensure proper adhesion. This process will remove old coatings, stains, and other buildup, creating a clean and roughened surface that will help the new materials adhere properly.
It can also repair old surfaces by removing damaged or deteriorated materials from the surface, exposing the clean surface underneath for repair or replacement.
Parking lots, parking structures or decks, driveways, sidewalks, bridges, and other structures can benefit from water blasting to remove dirt, stains, and other buildup to expose the original surface beneath. It can even remove graffiti or other vandalism, as well as provide a safer surface when removing oil, grease, or other slippery substances. | materials_science |
https://borvobroth.com/collections/frontpage/products/instant-chicken-broth | 2024-02-21T00:40:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473360.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221002544-20240221032544-00104.warc.gz | 0.833413 | 293 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__27378810 | en | - COMFORT OUTSIDE YOUR COMFORT ZONE ™: Just add 10oz of hot water to a packet and you instantly have a delicious, hearty, and healthy sipping bone broth while adventuring in the backcountry.
- ALL NATURAL INGREDIENTS: Made from all-natural ingredients, Borvo Instant Sipping Bone Broth is the wholesome, better tasting alternative to ultra-processed protein (yuck!) and lab-made supplement drinks (yikes!).
- REFUEL, REBUILD & RECOVER: Borvo Instant Sipping Broth was crafted to help your body captures today’s progress and get stronger for tomorrow’s adventures.
- EVERY GRAM COUNTS: Weighing less than 16 grams per packet, this pocket-sized savory snack is your ultralight solution to Refuel, Rebuild and Recover on the go.
- ZERO NET-NEW TRASH: We partnered with conservationists, material scientists and packaging manufacturers to design a box and single-serving packet using fully compostable materials. We believe in leaving the backcountry better than we found it
- COMPOSTABLE MATERIALS: The eco-friendly materials used in production of Borvo Instant Sipping Broth packaging are subjected to and comply with various testing methods: ASTM D6400, ASTM D6866, EN13432, ISO1133 | materials_science |
https://2danes.com/product/magniflex-magnistretch-12-mattress/ | 2024-02-26T23:52:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00681.warc.gz | 0.897474 | 210 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192306956 | en | The Magnistretch 12 mattress from Italy is full of incredible features. Offering medium-soft diversified support, Magnistretch 12 stretches and decompresses the spinal column due to the multiple layers which include Eliosoft, patented stretch technology. This mattress has an innovative and removable Outlast and a viscose fabric cover that absorbs excess heat for excellent body temperature regulation and is available in twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, and California king sizes.
The OEKO TEX standard 100 certifies the absence of toxic substances or off-gassing.
Outlast is a material designed for astronauts’ spacesuits. It is made of millions of small spheres of a special type of wax that melts at 97 F / 36 C. The melting process, which starts due to a rise in the body temperature, absorbs the excess heat and accumulates a part of it. When the temperature is stable and under the “melting point”, the spheres solidify and releases the energy accumulated in the form of heat. | materials_science |
http://naqairon.com/foundry.html | 2019-08-18T09:41:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313747.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818083417-20190818105417-00176.warc.gz | 0.779408 | 172 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__174442475 | en | Our modern foundry plant and equipment will produce castings in Grey Iron, Ductile Iron and Alloyed Steel as per international quality and customers need.
Our Capabilities Include:
- Two sets of Induction Furnaces each of 750 Kg and 3000 Kg capacity.
- No-Bake Furan sand hand moulding plant and equipment.
- Green Sand moulding line with 1100 x 1000 x 300/300 mm box size.
- Two Shot blast machines each with 500 Kg and 1000 Kg hanger capacity.
- One electrical heated annealing furnace.
- Emission Spectrometer.
- Sand testing equipment.
- Specimen preparation and metallurgical microscope.
- Hardness and Tensile testing machines
- Quick temperature and CE measuring devices.
- Non Destructive Testing Equipment | materials_science |
http://www.bt0769.com/en/news/Industry-News/2221.html | 2019-11-15T02:48:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668561.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115015509-20191115043509-00319.warc.gz | 0.91048 | 268 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__105323667 | en | The Saudi Arabian Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) published the final text of the Technical Regulation on the Safety of Electric Batteries.
From December 21, 2019, all products that do not comply with the requirements will be removed from the market.
The Technical Regulation applies to all electric batteries and accumulators regardless of size, weight, and components. It covers two main categories:
Electric batteries for cars operating to supply power for starting and lighting of the cars
Portable batteries in the form of a button cell and it is neither car batteries nor industrial batteries and not exceeding the weight of 1 kg and used in electric equipment such as lighting, portable phones, calculators, etc.
Batteries used in military, national defense, and space equipment are excluded from the scope of the regulation.
The Technical Regulation sets out the following general requirements applicable to electric batteries:
International standards related to the placement of electric batteries on the market
Conformity assessment for ensuring compliance
Compliance with technical specifications, electrical and mechanical requirements, along with labeling and packing requirements
Provision of information to customers prior to placing products on the market, such as information on recycling and disposal
Restriction on the use of cadmium and mercury in the manufacturing of batteries.
The official document is available here. | materials_science |
https://woodlab.co/collections/osmo | 2020-09-18T16:42:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400188049.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918155203-20200918185203-00389.warc.gz | 0.92801 | 180 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__234916714 | en | Handcrafted Custom Furniture, Old Growth Live Edge Slabs, Eco-Friendly Epoxy Sales
Osmo developed its micro-porous, natural oil and wax-based finishes over 40 years ago.
Osmo offers a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to wood finishing. Osmo products are based on rapidly renewable, natural vegetable oils that penetrate deeply into the wood, keeping it elastic and healthy, while preventing it from drying and becoming brittle.
With everything from the popular Polyx®-Oil, the original Hardwax-Oil, to the beautifully constructed flooring and decking, garden buildings, pre-finished natural timber claddings, screens and fences, Osmo is the wood product specialist.
WoodLab is a supplier for Osmo products. Please contact us if you wish to purchase a product that you don't see in our online store. | materials_science |
https://cheapandship.com/product/materials-science-and-engineering-an-introduction-7th-edition/ | 2021-05-15T07:13:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991378.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515070344-20210515100344-00104.warc.gz | 0.811588 | 229 | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__12559995 | en | From the Back Cover
New to the Seventh Edition
- A number of new “Materials of Importance” pieces (for most chapters).
- Concept Check questions throughout.
- Revised illustrations, now all in full-color to enhance visualization and convey realism.
- Expanded discussions on material types and general properties of materials (Chapter 1), and crystallographic directions and planes in hexagonal crystals (Chapter 3).
- New discussions on one-component (pressure-temperature) phase diagrams, compacted graphite iron, lost foam casting, fractography of ceramics, and magnetic anisotropy.
- Enhanced discussions on representations of polymer structures and defects in polymers, and a new discussion on permeability in polymers.
- Revised coverage of deformation of semicrystalline polymers and polymerization.
Online Animations and Learning Modules
The book companion site (www.wiley.com/college/callister) features learning modules with animations and 3-D projections that help students visualize challenging concepts and processes. The website also includes an interactive database of materials properties and costs. | materials_science |
https://www.industrialcontrolvalve.com/n1875250/Stainless-steel-pneumatic-butterfly-valve.htm | 2024-02-24T00:04:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00667.warc.gz | 0.856814 | 208 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192490306 | en | Stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve
Stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve is a kind of high-performance and long-life butterfly valve, which is mainly composed of pneumatic actuator and stainless steel butterfly valve. The valve body and disc plate are made of stainless steel, with the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high pressure resistance The stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve can be divided into flange, wafer type or welding type according to different connection modes. It is not only applicable to the two position switch off control, but also can be equipped with a valve positioner to realize the proportional adjustment of medium flow, temperature, pressure and other parameters Stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve can be widely used in high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, fire protection and other pipelines for switching off or adjustment.
- Custom Gate Valves
- Custom Butterfly Valves
- Custom Check Valves
- Custom Ball Valves
- Custom Rubber Expansion Joints
- Custom Valve Parts | materials_science |
https://jyoungpharm.org/article/1116 | 2024-03-05T01:59:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476592.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304232829-20240305022829-00541.warc.gz | 0.94712 | 300 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__11372148 | en | A phase is a physically discrete and chemically homogeneous portion of a system, separated by boundaries from other portions of the system. The phase rule given by J.W Gibbs in 1874 is applied to define a system composed of single component as well as multi-component. Various pharmaceutical formulations such as emulsion, micro emulsions and gels are mainly composed of lipid soluble component, water soluble component, surfactant and cosolvents. Phase diagram serves as an important tool for screening of such formulation components. A phase diagram is a graphical representation composed of area curve, lines and points, which is used to describe a specific system composed of a single or multiple components and generate the data with respect to concentration of different components, temperature and pressure at which thermodynamically distinct phases occur, transform from one phase to another and coexist at equilibrium. A ternary phase diagram has the shape of a triangular prism with an equilateral triangle as a foundation which is used to describe a three component system. Ternary phase diagrams give the precise and accurate data of the various composite component systems and are utilized in several areas of pharmaceuticals like the formulation of various dosage forms, polymer coating methods and several other formulation processes. The review focuses on the concept of phase diagram and phase rule, various methods and rules relating to ternary phase diagrams, various examples and its recent applications in pharmaceutical research.
Key words: Phase rule, Phase diagrams, Ternary phase diagram, Three component system. | materials_science |
https://swisspac.uk.com/products/scoops/ | 2023-09-24T00:50:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506539.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923231031-20230924021031-00262.warc.gz | 0.935499 | 294 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__227962751 | en | SwissPack manufactures and exports high quality plastic scoops which are use in numerous sectors like pharmaceutical, food, agriculture etc. These scoops are designed for the accurate measurement of the product. We use the superior quality raw material to fabricate plastic scoops which are extremely functional, easy to use, appealing and have longer life.
Our scoops are manufactured by using finest quality polypropylene and polyethylene so that these scoops do not get crack while using. SwissPack plastic scoops can provide exact measurements of products despite of its form like solid, liquid or powder. We offer highly customized design and colours on our clients’ demand. We provide a small or big handle, if they need.
In some products, the exact measurement is quite essential like animal feed, protein powder or any medical product. Currently, we are fabricating and supplying scoops in different sizes like (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25, 60, 75, 100, 150) ml which are food grade certified and approved by FDA.
We have a rich experience in manufacturing and supplying plastic scoops and our scoops are appreciated in the market for following features:
- High grade raw material
- Have good mechanical strength
- Innovative and efficient designs
- Highly functional and long lasting
- Available in customized designs and sizes
- Attractive and finished appearance
- Always different capacities
- Available at minimal prices in the market | materials_science |
https://milankoev.com/uncategorized/carbon-based-htl-free-perovskite-solar-cells-with-26-efficiency/ | 2022-05-28T00:58:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663011588.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528000300-20220528030300-00190.warc.gz | 0.911031 | 711 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__6510729 | en | An international research team has designed a carbon-based perovskite solar cell without a hole transport layer. Two plasmonic nanoparticles – Ag@SiO2 and SiO2@Ag@SiO2 – were added to the cell photoactive layer, in addition to a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) interlayer at the perovskite-carbon interface.
An international research group has proposed a new design for perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer (HTL), based on carbon-based materials to replace the metal contact and the HTL.
The researchers said that carbon-based perovskite solar cells have reached efficiencies of around 15%, which is considerably lower than those achieved by cells equipped with HTL/metal back contacts. Nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) in the electron transfer layer (ETL) increase recombination due to the trapping of electron carriers and the low mobility of carriers in the perovskite-filled mesoporous structure, thus leading to the lowest performance.
“This, in turn, affects hysteresis behavior in measuring the efficiency and instability of the device due to the ion migration,” the researchers explained. “Providing a carbon-based planar structure by removing mesoporous TiO2 can not only reduce the device’s hysteresis behavior, but also take another step toward commercializing perovskite-based solar cells by reducing the cost of mass production.”
In the proposed cell design, two plasmonic nanoparticles known as Ag@SiO2 and SiO2@Ag@SiO2 were added to the cell photoactive layer and a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) interlayer was placed at the perovskite-carbon interface. The latter purportedly has excellent semiconducting properties, including high hole mobility, wide bandgap, optical transparency, and thermal and chemical stability.
The HTL-free optimized plasmonic cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.72%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.918 V, a short-circuit current of 28.05 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 76.57%.
“The used solution-processed inorganic p-type CuSCN layer with a thickness of 30 nm at the perovskite-carbon interface has increased the device power conversion efficiency by 35% to 26.58%, thanks to the increased open-circuit voltage and fill factory to 1.156 V and 81.64%, respectively,” the academics said. “The remarkable improvement of the open-circuit voltage is attributed to better interfacial energy alignment between the perovskite and CuSCN.”
They said they obtained similar results by increasing the carbon working function with suitable additives or binders to the carbon ink. “These results pave the ways to achieve high efficiencies in carbon-based perovskite solar cells,” they concluded.
They described the solar cell design in “Impacts of plasmonic nanoparticles incorporation and interface energy alignment for highly efficient carbon-based perovskite solar cells,” which was recently published in Scientific Reports. The research group includes scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University College London, and the University of Isfahan in Iran. | materials_science |
https://eventvenues.asia/termite-resistant-building-materials-a-comprehensive-guide/ | 2024-04-22T03:35:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818072.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422020223-20240422050223-00570.warc.gz | 0.929563 | 686 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__181369056 | en | Termites are notorious for their ability to cause extensive damage to homes and structures. To protect your property from these destructive pests, it’s essential to consider the materials you use during construction and renovation. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore termite-resistant building materials, their advantages, and how they can safeguard your investment against termite infestations.
Termites are small insects that feed on cellulose-rich materials, primarily wood. They can silently invade your property, causing structural damage that can be both costly and time-consuming to repair. To mitigate the risk of termite infestations, choosing the right building materials is crucial.
Concrete is a popular choice for foundations, slabs, and other structural elements due to its durability and termite resistance. Termites cannot consume or damage concrete, making it an excellent choice for preventing termite access to your home’s foundation. However, it’s important to note that wood components within or above the concrete structure may still be vulnerable.
Steel framing and structural components are entirely immune to termite attacks. Steel is not a cellulose-based material, and termites cannot feed on it or cause any structural damage. As a termite-resistant material, steel offers strength and longevity, making it an ideal choice for framing and support structures.
Materials such as brick, stone, and masonry offer excellent resistance to termites. These dense, non-cellulose materials do not provide a food source for termites, making them a suitable choice for exterior cladding and landscaping features. However, it’s essential to ensure proper installation and sealing to prevent termite entry through gaps or cracks.
Composite wood products, like engineered wood and particleboard, are created by combining wood fibers with adhesives and additives. While they contain cellulose, these materials are often treated with termite-resistant chemicals during manufacturing. Engineered wood products can offer termite resistance, but it’s essential to choose brands and products specifically designed for anti termite control.
Pressure-treated wood is another option for termite resistance. It is infused with chemical preservatives that deter termite infestations. This type of wood is commonly used for outdoor structures like decks, fences, and utility poles. Ensure that pressure-treated wood is used only where necessary and not in direct contact with the ground.
Certain wood species are naturally resistant to termites due to their inherent oils, resins, or toxins. These include cedar, redwood, and some tropical hardwoods like ipe. While these woods are not immune to termites, they are less appealing as food sources, making them a suitable choice for termite-prone areas. Regular maintenance and sealing can enhance their durability.
While termite-resistant materials can be effective, they are not foolproof. It’s essential to consider the following factors:
Selecting termite-resistant building materials is a proactive and effective way to protect your property from termite infestations. While no material is entirely termite-proof, the right choices can significantly reduce the risk of damage and save you both time and money in the long run. Combining termite-resistant materials with proper construction practices and regular maintenance is the key to ensuring your home remains a termite-free sanctuary for years to come. | materials_science |
https://www.vaporchange.com/direct-vapor-30-foot-nichrome-wire | 2023-12-02T14:47:50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00500.warc.gz | 0.906773 | 113 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__214679318 | en | Direct Vapor 30-Foot Nichrome Wire Description:
Nichrome wire is perfect for rebuildable atomizers, and especially good for building sub-ohm coils. Nichrome has a lower resistance per length, compared to Kanthal, which means that it will heat up much faster. Additionally, Nichrome is the preferred alternative to Kanthal for cloud chasers, since it heats up noticeably faster.
- 1 x Pack of 30ft Nichrome Wire
WARNING: This is an advanced Item. Please use at your own risk and always use proper precautions and handling. | materials_science |
https://www.ossc.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=239344&module_id=61834&sl=1127538847 | 2019-09-17T17:35:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573098.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917161045-20190917183045-00483.warc.gz | 0.909387 | 1,649 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__32429819 | en | Website Technical Chair
OSSC Fellow & President (2009-2010)
Bob Cartland is an optical engineer and applied physicist with expertise in the design, fabrication and testing of optical components, photonic devices and optical systems. Bob earned a BA in Physics from Oberlin College and an MS in Electrical Engineering -Electrophysics from the University of Southern California with an emphasis on photonics.
After graduating from Oberlin College, Bob worked as a Staff Scientist at EIC Laboratories in Norwood, Massachusetts, where he developed photoelectrochemical etching processes used for fabricating Echelle diffraction gratings, infrared mesh filters and x-ray gratings in semiconducting materials (GaAs, SiC and Si). At EIC labs, Bob developed and refined processes for optical grinding and polishing, photolithographic patterning and thin film coatings used for semiconductor optical device fabrication. At EIC Labs, Bob also prepared several SBIR proposals generating over a million dollars in funding.
Bob left EIC Labs to pursue graduate work at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. At USC, Bob worked with Anupam Madhukar and Armand Tanguay developing, fabricating and testing strained III-V semiconductor (InGaAs/AlGaAs) multiple quantum well, asymmetric Fabry-Perot, spatial light modulators for use in optical neural networks. Bob optimized the modulator etalon design using thin-film analysis tools he developed using Mathematica combining layer propagation matrices and Kramers–Kronig relations to model electro-absorption based refractive index changes in the multiple quantum well region. Bob also grew the required distributed Bragg reflectors and multiple quantum wells using molecular beam epitaxy and processed the devices using photolithography, etching and thin-film deposition techniques. Bob developed the first photolithography process used at the USC Center for Photonics Technology Class 10 clean room and fabricated the first devices made in the facility. Bob developed a refined etching technique to tune and optimize the etalon wavelength for 980 nm operation. Bob also developed techniques to characterize the electrically biased spatial light modulator pixels using a tunable Ti-sapphire laser and Mitutoyo long working distance objectives and explored the efficiency of the resonance cavity devices as detectors. Bob set a world record for large, uniform arrays of high speed light modulators operating at 980 nm. Bob’s spatial light modulators and detector arrays were among the earliest devices successfully bonded to Si based CMOS control and readout integrated circuits (ROIC) using In bump flip-chip bonding. At USC, Bob also supported the fabrication and testing the first quantum dot lasers using InAs self-assembled quantum dots.
Following USC, Bob worked briefly for the Materials and Processes organization of Boeing Satellite Systems performing failure analysis on electronic components and materials and also serving as the limited shelf-life materials control point. After Boeing, Bob worked for several years as a Sr. Physics Engineer in the Optics and Lasers Department at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) in El Segundo, California. At Raytheon, Bob supported the development of thin-film optical components using the TFCalc thin-film analysis tool. Bob supported the development of numerous components including dichroic beam splitters and optical filters for use in space and airborne optical sensors. Bob’s designs include highly efficient dichroic beam splitter based on a cold mirror with simultaneous high visible light rejection and efficient transmission of an alignment laser.
At Raytheon, Bob also served for several years as the Technical Manager of the Scatter and Spectrophotometry Laboratory. In this role, Bob developed optical test systems and provided creative solutions for test and measurement problems involving light scatter measurement to determine BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function); spectrophotometric transmittance and reflectance measurement from 180 nm to 25 microns wavelength; and optical profilometry for surface roughness and dimensional analysis. Bob led or supported over one hundred characterization projects testing primarily optical but also electrical and mechanical materials, components and assemblies. Bob’s work at Raytheon included material and component qualification; radiation exposure, thermal cycling and humidity exposure studies; root cause failure analysis and the investigation of novel materials including SiC metamaterials, radome materials, SiC and Be optical components and various other materials operating in the ultraviolet through the far infrared wavelength regimes with the occasional X-ray and RF material or device. Bob also developed a technique to measure the transmittance of infrared lens assemblies used in a tactical airborne sensor. This technique allowed the comparative testing of hundreds of lens assemblies keeping a multi-million dollar production line in operation. Bob also developed a technique to measure interface scatter and reflectance using a hemisphere and modeled the system using thick lens analysis. This method was used to test several thermal optical interface materials for high power planar waveguide lasers.
While at Raytheon, Bob also first championed the implementation of a Finanium Supercontinuum (SC) laser (operating from 400 to 2500 nm) for scatter measurement. Bob used the SC laser to develop measurement techniques to quantitatively address optical cross-talk problems occurring in butcher block optical filter arrays in the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) used on the NPOESS Preparatory Project weather satellite launched on October 28, 2011. Bob’s used his combined knowledge of optical scatter and thin-film materials to explain puzzling infrared scatter data from a VIIRS mirror that confounded the VIIRS Chief Engineer, a Raytheon scatter subject matter expert and two engineering fellows in the Optics and Lasers Department. Bob also used the supercontinuum laser to develop a non-destructive technique to measure the internal reflectance of a laser cavity using a modified integrating sphere theory to model the diffuse reflectance within the cavity. At Raytheon, Bob also served as the scatter measurement facility’s laser safety coordinator, preparing the lab’s safe operating procedure which was used as a standard template by the Raytheon SAS safety office and numerous laser labs. Bob also developed challenging laser safety eyewear for use with the 5 Watt supercontinuum source (400 to 2500 nm) combining two commercially available laser eyewear filters in series to provide the required broad band protection. Bob has also collaborated with NIST on several round robin laboratory investigations and the 2010 OSA Optical Thin-Films Measurement Problem where his scatter data were featured in the final presentation.
Bob has over 40 published papers and presentations including three “best in show” awards for his presentations at Raytheon internal technical symposiums. Bob is a member of the IEEE, The IEEE Photonics Society, the Optical Society (OSA) and the Optical Society of Southern California (OSSC). Bob established and served as President of the OSA Student Chapter while a graduate student at USC. The OSA student chapter meetings featured Milton Chang, USC Professor Alan Willner and a joint programming event with the OSSC including lab tours of USC and a presentation by USC Professor P. Daniel Dapkus.
Bob has served the OSSC in numerous leadership positions. He is the current OSSC Website Chair and served as OSSC President in 2009-2010. Meetings during Bob’s term as President included: “Did the great Masters "Cheat" Using Optics?” by David Stork, “3-D Video Without Glasses” by Steve Hines, “Getting to Space for Less Cost” by SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell and the 2010 OSSC LaserFest event (50th anniversary of the first working laser) which included over 180 attendees (a modern OSSC record). While OSSC President, Bob also led a complete revision of the OSSC website, including the implementation of online membership management, events management and payment processing.
Bob lives in Southern California with his wife Donna and three daughters.
Robert F. Cartland | materials_science |
https://wccfa.com/portfolio-item/gloria/ | 2020-10-20T08:49:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107871231.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020080044-20201020110044-00242.warc.gz | 0.992486 | 170 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__124163788 | en | The painting surface is a moderately thick varnish, which was scorched by heat.
The varnish had to be reduced from the surface of the painting.
Losses and irregularities were inpainted
The painting was damaged in a fire. The painting surface was protected by a moderately thick natural resin varnish, which was scorched by heat and severely discolored to brown and black. Due to extreme heat, there was extensive flaking and losses of paint around the edges.
The severely scorched varnish coating was reduced from the surface and the soot on the reverse of the painting was removed. The flaking paint was consolidated. Minor losses of the paint film were filled. Losses and irregularities were inpainted, using a referential aid of a pre-fire damage photograph provided by the owner. | materials_science |
https://kudzue3.com/how-asphalt-paving-works/ | 2024-04-20T00:01:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817463.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419234422-20240420024422-00881.warc.gz | 0.936268 | 497 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__192045178 | en | Asphalt paving is a common method for creating smooth and durable roadways, parking lots, and other surfaces. The process of asphalt paving involves several steps, each of which plays an important role in creating a strong and long-lasting pavement. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how asphalt paving works.
- Site Preparation
The first step in asphalt paving is site preparation. This involves clearing the area of any debris, vegetation, or other materials that could interfere with the paving process. The site is then graded and leveled to create a smooth and even surface.
- Base Course
The next step is to lay a base course of gravel or crushed stone. This base course helps to provide a stable foundation for the asphalt pavement and helps to prevent cracking and other forms of damage. The base course is typically compacted and leveled to ensure that it is even and uniform.
- Binder Course
Once the base course is in place, the binder course is added. The binder course is a layer of asphalt that is designed to bond the base course to the surface layer of asphalt. It is typically thicker than the surface layer and provides additional strength and stability to the pavement.
- Surface Layer
The surface layer is the final layer of asphalt that is added to the pavement. This layer is designed to provide a smooth and even surface for driving, walking, or other activities. The surface layer can be customized to meet specific project requirements, such as color, texture, and thickness.
Once the surface layer is in place, the pavement is compacted using a roller or other compaction equipment. This helps to ensure that the asphalt is evenly distributed and that all air pockets and voids are eliminated. Compaction is a critical step in the paving process, as it helps to ensure that the pavement is strong, durable, and long-lasting.
After the pavement has been compacted, it is allowed to cure for several days or weeks, depending on the weather conditions and other factors. During this time, the asphalt hardens and becomes more resilient, which helps to prevent cracking and other forms of damage.
In conclusion, the process of asphalt paving involves several steps, each of which plays a critical role in creating a strong and long-lasting pavement. By following these steps, asphalt paving contractors can create smooth, durable, and safe surfaces that can withstand heavy traffic and harsh weather conditions. | materials_science |
http://www.signcomplexvideo-en.com/led-tube-production-line.html | 2019-02-20T13:12:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247495001.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220125916-20190220151916-00482.warc.gz | 0.920613 | 443 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__2036518 | en | Signcomplex’s LED tube production line utilizes fully automatic equipment imported from foreign manufacturers. It efficiently performs solder paste printing, surface mounting, reflow soldering and automated optical inspection procedures in a single run. Each product completed on the line undergoes a wide variety of aging tests and quality inspection to ensure our LED light tubes are of the highest quality.
The high-speed SMT placement equipment is imported from overseas. It has a laser identifier that scans a reflective marker on the PC board to orient the head to the board. Precision reaches up to 0.005 mm. Both 0201 and 0402 components can be placed on this machine. Additionally we can realize automatic change of materials. The entire process is conducted under strict supervision of our QC inspectors. Each day our surface mount capacity reaches 3 million pieces.
There are 10 temperature zones available for constant-temperature soldering applications. In each temperature zone, we perform constant-temperature testing once every two hours, thus ensuring our devices are soldered at the same temperature. Testing on each and every product can comply with the industry related standard.
A high-precision automated optical inspection system is employed to accomplish a comprehensive range of testes on every product, whereby a camera scans over the parts under test.
Fully automatic wave soldering is a process used to measure the density of high- and low-peak values in an automated mode. Zero-defect soldering is performed on through-hole components. The daily production capacity reaches 4 million points.
The semi-automatic assembly line executes a standard operating procedure. The adoption of IPQC (Input Process Quality Control) can ensure every manufacturing operation meets industry related standard. Each day we can assemble 50,000 pieces of finished products.
The automatic aging line can accomplish a wide range of operations, such as high- and low-temperature aging, impact aging, and integrated aging under various simulated environments. The fully automatic aging line can process over 100,000 pieces of LED tubes each day.
After aging has been completed, the finished products will undergo a full range of tests and await delivery. We need to recheck whether the product has any quality defect. | materials_science |
https://omegaunderground.com/mastery-of-precision-exploring-the-advantages-of-tig-welding-technology/ | 2023-12-10T23:32:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102697.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210221943-20231211011943-00140.warc.gz | 0.877744 | 953 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__222599261 | en | In a diverse industrial landscape, TIG welding technology extends manufacturing processes, enabling manufacturers to create precise components that meet the highest precision, quality, and integrity standards. TIG welding provides high-quality welds for product performance and safety, whether in the aerospace, automotive, medical, or jewelry industry. The article explores the advantages of TIG welding that make it a sought-after choice for various industrial welding applications.
1. Narrow Weld Pool for Minimal Distortion
TIG welding produces a unique narrow weld pool thanks to the tungsten electrode. The narrow pool localizes the heat input, minimizing the risk of warping or distortion in the base material. That’s crucial in precision welding because it ensures that the workpiece retains its original shape and dimensions, meeting stringent quality standards.
An experienced TIG welder can control the weld pool’s size by adjusting these crucial parameters. For example, if the welder wants to produce a narrow weld pool, they can use a smaller diameter tungsten electrode, a lower amperage setting, and a faster travel speed.
The feature makes precision TIG welding indispensable in applications involving thin materials, intricate designs, or components that demand minimal distortion, such as aerospace components, medical equipment, and electronics manufacturing. The technology’s ability to maintain precision makes it a game changer in various industrial sectors.
2. Shielding Gas for High-Quality Welds
TIG welding relies on shielding gas to protect the weld from oxidation and contamination, a critical aspect of precision welding. This technology ensures a clean, high-quality weld by preventing issues like porosity or cracks. The importance lies in the weld’s reliability and integrity, meeting stringent industry standards.
The choice of shielding gas in TIG welding is critical and may depend on the component’s material and the desired welding characteristics. For example, Argon is a common shielding gas due to its exceptional inertness and cost-effectiveness. At the same time, helium is vital when welding non-ferrous metals like aluminum or when there’s a need for higher heat input.
It’s especially crucial in applications where the slightest imperfection could have dire consequences, such as nuclear reactor components, aerospace structures, or semiconductor manufacturing, making TIG welding a game changer for achieving uncompromising weld quality and performance, tailored to the specific requirements of each welding task.
3. Skillful Control for Precision
TIG welding is a skillful manual process granting experienced welders complete control over the operation, making it indispensable in precision applications. The hands-on approach allows skillful control for precise weld placement and the flexibility to make real-time adjustments as necessary. It’s a technique that empowers welders to craft precise, high-quality welds with flexibility, which is crucial in adapting to unique welding needs.
The importance of this control is paramount in applications demanding fine detail and minimal defects, like aerospace components, automotive parts, and delicate instruments. However, the technique requires an adept welder to blend TIG equipment and hand skills to produce quality and precise welds with the desired characteristics and a quality weld.
4. Versatility in Material Compatibility
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding stands out for its remarkable versatility in handling an extensive range of materials, including ferrous materials like stainless steel and non-ferrous materials such as aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel alloys, magnesium, carbon steel, brass, and bronze. The technique achieves adaptability by using a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert gas shield, preventing oxidation and contamination during welding.
TIG welding’s compatibility with ferrous and non-ferrous materials makes it a preferred choice for precision welding in various industrial applications. However, to ensure optimal results, it is imperative to engage the services of an experienced TIG welding company like Micro Weld, Inc., capable of selecting the correct electrode and shielding gas for each specific task for the best results.
Embrace the Versatility and Quality of TIG Welding with Experienced Welders
TIG welding’s precision, quality, and unmatched versatility make it indispensable in meeting diverse industrial welding demands. Its ability to seamlessly fuse an array of materials while preserving weld integrity highlights its crucial role in maintaining the highest standards of craftsmanship. TIG welding stands as a testament to the welding industry’s evolution, where adaptability and excellence converge to shape the future of precise, durable, and reliable welding solutions.
Laila Azzahra is a professional writer and blogger that loves to write about technology, business, entertainment, science, and health. | materials_science |
https://www.thokbikes.com/en/news-home?kid=686 | 2023-12-05T15:14:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00274.warc.gz | 0.939267 | 1,123 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__243135648 | en | June 28th, 2023
THOK E-Bikes has always invested substantial resources in research and development. The bikes in their range are not built using open mold frames but are all designed from scratch. This entails crossing unexplored territory in the development phase.
THOK's goal is to create innovative, high-performing, and fun e-bikes characterized by a certain uniqueness and Italian style, signed by Aldo Drudi’s D-Perf.
All models in the range have distinctive features resulted from meticulous work and study, technical testing, and countless hours of trail testing. Over the years, many winning solutions have emerged from this constant research and the company's know-how:
- the MIG's low gravity center, achieved by positioning the battery under the down tube, optimizes weight distribution and makes it one of the most intuitive, high-performing, and fun all-mountain e-bikes in the industry;
- the solid front end of the TK01, which provides precision in handling and stability when tackling rough terrain at high speeds, as well as the maximum verticalisation of the integrated battery to maintain a low gravity center;
- the geometry of the GRAM, representing the highest expression of the enduro concept with its technical climbs and descents, achieved through careful calculations and a balance of extreme angles, the result of in-depth studies on carbon fiber.
THOK has always been synonymous with study, research and innovation, and now it is also a pioneer in the use of new technologies for the development of e-MTBs.
In collaboration with the company "Materialise," it is the world's first e-bike brand to have experimented with 3D printing in metal (Selective Laser Melting - SLM) to create a fully functional prototype of a full-suspension e-MTB made of aluminum.
A moulded but perfectly rideable prototype
"THOK Project 4" (P4 is the temporary acronym until the bicycle takes its final form and name) is the embryo of what will become the first "light e-MTB" in carbon fiber by THOK in 2024, featuring a Bosch SX motor and battery modularity (400 / 545 / 725 Wh + range extender).
The development is currently underway, and some technical choices are still being evaluated, such as integrated or semi-integrated battery, component configuration, and geometric decisions. However, the frame created through 3D prototyping is already being tested on the technical trails of Finale Ligure and the Alba (THOK E-Bikes headquarter).
Let's delve into some aspects of this innovative prototyping technology.
Advantages and difficulties
The aim of rapid prototyping with 3D printing is to produce working models, which allow geometry, suspension and component integration to be tested.
SLM makes it possible to make parts light enough to simulate the weights of the final carbon-fibre bicycle.
“It is impossible to obtain a running prototype and reproduce the necessary battery and motor integration with a traditional method. There are components that are made by hydroforming, which require moulds, and which would not otherwise be prototype-able. Even carbon prototypes are not functional, they do not hold up on long field testing sessions. In this sense, the first fully moulded full-suspended e-bike we made solves a big problem”, explains THOK industrial designer Luca Burzio, who follows the projects from the engineering side.
Technology, materials and the right partner
For such a delicate transition, THOK looked for a partner, a travelling companion of excellence. The choice fell on Materialise, a Belgian company with offices in 20 countries around the world. They specialise in 3D printing for the aerospace, automotive and medical sectors.
The technology is Selective Laser Melting (SLM): this is an additive manufacturing procedure that uses lasers to melt metal powder. For the Thok P4, an alloy of aluminium and silicon (AlSi10Mg) was chosen, as it is the most suitable in terms of strength, thermal properties, weight and post-machining flexibility.
The challenge faced by THOK and Materialise
“In the past, we used to make successive revisions of projects. We studied no less than three prototype frames before making the first running model. With the Thok P4, the first revision is already a model with the thicknesses and distances typical of carbon fibre, produced to be assembled and above all pedalled with a feeling very close to the definitive bike”, explains THOK CEO Stefano Migliorini.
This challenge has confronted THOK and Materialise with problems never faced before and has been a learning curve for both of them, especially when it comes to the interaction of metal moulded parts, as well as the machining of the kinematic mechanism housings and component interfaces.
"The project with THOK allowed us to extend our experience into the bicycle sector and set the metal 3D printing to a new level. This collaboration gave us the opportunity to refine our metal additive manufacturing capabilities to find answers to the precise requirements of the Italian company”, explains Simone Cannella, business development manager at Materialise.
The future of 3D printing is yet to be seen, but the experimentation carried out by THOK and Materialise is a pioneering chapter in this story that will bring innovation to the entire global e-bike industry. | materials_science |
https://www.ntsamega.com/blog/laser-cladding-vs-laser-hardfacing/ | 2024-02-21T09:53:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473401.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221070402-20240221100402-00191.warc.gz | 0.897827 | 780 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__120536472 | en | Want To Know The Difference Between Laser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing In The Oil And Gas Industry?
Surface protection and restoration are crucial for equipment and components subjected to harsh operating conditions in the oil and gas industry. Two commonly employed techniques for surface modification are laser cladding and laser hardfacing. While they both utilize laser technology, there are key differences in their application, process, and benefits.
Laser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing – what’s the difference?
Also known as laser metal deposition (LMD), Laser Cladding is a process that involves melting and fusing a powdered or wire feedstock material onto a substrate using a laser beam. The added material forms a protective layer, enhancing the mechanical properties and resistance to wear, corrosion, and erosion. Here are the key features and benefits of laser cladding:
- Versatile Application: Laser cladding allows for the deposition of a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites. This versatility enables tailored solutions for specific application requirements.
- Enhanced Component Performance: By selectively adding material to critical areas, laser cladding enhances the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and surface finish of components. It can restore worn or damaged parts and extend their service life.
- Improved Efficiency: Laser cladding provides localized surface modification, minimizing material waste and reducing the need for expensive materials. It offers precise control over the thickness and geometry of the cladded layer, resulting in efficient resource utilization.
Laser hardfacing, also referred to as laser welding, is a process that involves depositing a wear-resistant material onto the surface of a component. The goal is to create a hardened layer that can withstand abrasion, impact, and extreme operating conditions. Here are the key features and benefits of laser hardfacing:
- Wear Protection: Laser hardfacing provides a durable, wear-resistant layer on components, protecting them from abrasive and erosive forces encountered in oil and gas applications. It helps prolong component life and reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement.
- Controlled Heat Input: The laser hardfacing process allows for precise control of heat input, minimizing the risk of thermal distortion and preserving the integrity of the base material. This is particularly beneficial for critical components and intricate geometries.
- Increased Operational Reliability: By enhancing the wear resistance and hardness of components, laser hardfacing improves operational reliability in challenging environments. It ensures the continued performance of equipment exposed to high temperatures, corrosive fluids, and abrasive particles.
What does this mean?
While both laser cladding and laser hardfacing involve the use of lasers and depositing materials onto surfaces, the key differences lie in their objectives and application areas:
- Laser cladding aims to enhance component properties and provide protection against wear, corrosion, and erosion.
- Laser hardfacing focuses on creating a wear-resistant layer to withstand abrasive forces and extend component life.
- Laser cladding utilizes a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites, to tailor the surface properties.
- Laser hardfacing predominantly employs wear-resistant materials such as carbides and alloys to provide hardness and wear protection.
Laser Cladding – Watch NTS Amega Global In Action
Laser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing – in short
In summary, to answer ‘laser cladding vs laser hardfacing’ – these are best understood as surface modification techniques used in the oil and gas industry to enhance component performance and protect against wear and damage. Laser cladding offers versatility in material selection and improved efficiency, while laser hardfacing provides wear protection and controlled heat input. By understanding the differences between these techniques, operators can make informed decisions regarding surface protection and restoration, leading to improved equipment reliability, extended component life, and cost-effective maintenance | materials_science |
https://knifeinsight.com/what-is-6150-steel/ | 2023-09-30T14:11:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00320.warc.gz | 0.918989 | 2,114 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__166053212 | en | When you look for knives and tools to buy, one way of checking its quality is to know more about the actual steel alloy used. So, what does it mean when whatever you’re buying is made with 6150 steel?
That’s what this guide is all about. You’ll know its general characteristics, chemical composition, the advantages it offers, and the drawbacks it comes with. You can find out if its hardness suits it for the tasks you need to do, and whether it’s resistant enough to corrosion.
We even compare the 6150 steel to other steels, so that you can check out alternative steels or to confirm if the 6150 steel is indeed the best steel for your needs.
What is 6150 steel?
What is 6150 steel? Quite a few people wonder about this because it’s not exactly very commonly used for knives and other common tools.
Basically, it resembles the more known 5150 steel. The 6150 steel is also a medium-carbon chromium steel, and offers a nice combination of strength and toughness, along with some good hardenability.
In fact, 6150 steel is so similar to its 5150 counterpart that they basically have the same chemical composition. The main difference is the addition of vanadium to 6150 steel.
Common Uses of 6150 steel
Actually, 6150 steel is extensively used in the automotive industry. Its common applications include:
- Pinions, gears and shafts. These are the parts that you’d find in cars and other vehicles.
- Hand tool components. Some parts of hand tools may be made of 6150 steel.
6150 Steel Chemical Composition
Let’s take a look at the particular elements you can find in the 6150 steel alloy. Aside from iron, you also get:
Carbon, 0.48% to 0.53%: As you can see, that’s not much carbon at all. But it’s substantial compared to low-carbon alloys and steels without any carbon at all. The carbon provides the strength and hardness for the material, and it makes the steel react better to heat treatment (this is the hardenability).
On the other hand, the relatively low carbon content makes the steel more ductile, and easier to forge, machine, and weld.
Manganese, 0.7% to 0.9%: at the most. Experts consider manganese as the most important element in steel next to carbon itself. It has similar properties to carbon, and often works in conjunction with carbon to give you the features you need. It boosts tensile strength and hardenability, but too much lowers ductility.
Phosphorus, 0.04% at the most: You don’t want too much phosphorus, as it’s actually regarded as an impurity. Too much phosphorus leads to brittleness. But at this amount, it helps with the strength and with resistance to corrosion.
Sulfur, 0.04% at the most: This is another “impurity” that’s tolerated because it makes the steel easier to machine. But too much of it reduces the notched impact toughness and transverse ductility.
Silicon, 0.2% to 0.35%: The silicon is a deoxidizer, meaning it removes bubbles from the steel when it’s in its molten state. It also dissolves in iron to strengthen it. It helps a bit with hardness as well.
Chromium, 0.8% to 1.1%: There’s hardly enough here to qualify the 6150 steel as stainless steel, since that needs at least 10% to 12% chromium. With this small amount, you do get increases for yield strength and hardenability, and it still helps a tiny bit for corrosion resistance.
Vanadium, 0.15%: The effects of vanadium are somewhat similar to carbon, manganese, and molybdenum. It boosts shock loading resistance, fracture toughness, and hardenability. It can also improve wear resistance and resistance to fatigue stress.
6150 Steel Hardness
The 6150 steel can attain a decent hardness level, when compared to steels that have only low carbon levels.
But it doesn’t actually get hard enough to suit most knives. You can get it to a hardness rating of 55 HRC or so, if you’re lucky. Still, it’s good enough for hatchets and even swords.
Does 6150 Steel Rust?
Short answer: yes. Its chromium level is too low for the 6150 to qualify as stainless steel. That means you shouldn’t get the 6150 steel wet, and you’ll need to get it dry when it does.
Properties of 6150 Steel
Here are the typical characteristics of 6150 steel.
Not Too Hard At All
This is its characteristic feature that makes it a hard sell for use in knives. But you don’t need too much hardness for other implements, like swords and hatchets, and various components like gears and pinions.
Because it’s not too hard, it doesn’t retain its edge for very long. That’s why you’d need to sharpen it regularly.
Easy to Sharpen
However, as a consequence of its low hardness level, sharpening a 6150 steel edge is very easy to do. Even a sharpening stone will do the trick. You won’t need any complicated sharpening setup.
This is another side effect of its comparatively low hardness level. Harder steels are generally lower in toughness, meaning they become more brittle. But 6150 is tough, so it won’t break easily.
The toughness explains why you often find the 6150 steel used for the gears, engines, and other parts in automobiles. It’s also great with axes and hatchets, because you can use the steel to hack at wood and the tool won’t snap easily.
High Tensile Strength
Technically, it means you’ll need an extremely powerful force to pull a structural beam made with 6150 steel to a point where the beam breaks. It can handle a huge amount of tensile stress, which is another reason for its popularity in automobile construction.
Steels can gradually lose material over time due to constant abrasion. But the 6150 steel is quite resistant to abrasion, meaning it’s also resistant to normal wear.
6150 Equivalent Steels or Alternative
How does the 6150 steel compare to other steels with somewhat similar characteristics or chemical composition?
6150 Steel vs 4140
This comparison makes a lot of sense, because the 4140 steel offers the same sort of benefits that you’d also get from the 6150 steel. The 4140 steel is used extensively in many fields. It’s famed for its high fatigue strength, toughness, and resistance to impact and abrasion, like the 6150 steel.
Its carbon content is just a teensy bit lower than in 6150 steel. The 4140 steel has more manganese, but it doesn’t have vanadium.
6150 Steel vs T10 steel
Both of these steels are good choices for swords. The T10 steel contains a high level of carbon (1%) along with tungsten to make it more resistant to scratches. The T10 steel is also quite tough, and it’s regarded as a tool steel.
6150 Steel vs 5150
As we’ve already mentioned. The 6150 steel is very similar to the 5150. They have the same exact levels for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. The 6150 steel does have a bit more chromium than the 5150 steel.
What’s more notable is the addition of vanadium to 6150 steel, which the 5150 doesn’t have. While the addition is quite tiny, it’s very effective in boosting certain properties you’d want to see in the steel.
Is 6150 Steel Good for Knives?
No, not really. It’s possible to make knives with 6150 steel, but then you’re limited by the relatively low hardness level you can attain. Other steels can make for harder steel that offers decent edge retention.
At least the 6150 steel is easy to sharpen, since it’s not too hard at all. Also, its toughness makes it a better option for hatchets and swords.
Is 6150 Stainless Steel Good for Swords?
Yes, it’s a good choice. With the 6150 steel, you have a sword that won’t break easily because the 6150 steel is quite tough. That means it’s not brittle at all, so you won’t likely end up with a broken sword.
You’ll have to sharpen this sword often, since it doesn’t retain its edge very well. But it’s easy to sharpen, and it’s resistant to impact and abrasion.
Pros & Cons of 6150 steel
You don’t really use the 6150 steel for knives which you will use for slicing. It simply doesn’t give you the hardness and edge retention you’ll need for frustration-free use.
But as a chopper, it’s excellent. Its toughness allows you to use it for hatchets and axes. It’s also great for swords, as it won’t break easily. You may have to sharpen its edge constantly, but that’s easier to deal with than a broken sword!
You can at least be thankful that it’s used for numerous components in automotive engineering. For those purposes, the 6150 steel works great. | materials_science |
https://www.reliant.in/about.html | 2022-10-02T13:21:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337322.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002115028-20221002145028-00440.warc.gz | 0.845722 | 1,258 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__200181865 | en | Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is one of the most experienced supplier, exporter, stockist and trader of Pipes, Tubes & Tubing in Carbon Steel & Alloy Steel, With an extensive experience of over 30 years Supplying seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler superheater and heat-exchanger tubes in Europe, Malaysia, United Kingdom (UK), India, Indonesia, Singapore, Dubai (UAE), China etc. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. has become No. 1 Supplier of Alloy Steel Pipes & tubes in UK from India. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is a specialist for Alloy Steel & Carbon Steel Seamless & ERW Pipes and Tubes, we maintain largest stock of India’s top notch Manufacturers of Industrial Pipes & tubes in Alloy Steel & Carbon Steel like Jindal Saw Ltd (JSL), Indian Seamless Metal Tubes Limited (ISMT) & Maharashtra Seamless Ltd (MSL). We maintain surplus inventory of Seamless & ERW Pipes & Tubes in order to maintain a consistent flow of products, in a extensive range of sizes. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. maintains a long term relationships with many of the world’s leading producers of Seamless and ERW pipes and Tubes in Alloy Steel, Carbon Steel and API 5L Gr.B.
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http://syntec4-us.com/product/lithium-2/ | 2022-08-08T04:00:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00164.warc.gz | 0.850739 | 344 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__93904057 | en | Mineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease suitable for general purpose applications in plain
and anti-friction bearings.
Mineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease suitable for general purpose
applications in plain and anti-friction bearings. Conforms to leading bearing
manufacturers specifications for general purpose industrial/automotive grease.
Operating temperature range: -20˚C to 140˚C.
An extremely stable multi-complex soap thickened grease designed to provide greatly extended
lubrication intervals in a wide range of non-arduous and arduous conditions in the most aggressive
Pin & Bush Grease
A lithium thickened, tenacious grease incorporating graphite and molybdenum disulphide to
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Lithium Complex Moly
A specially developed lithium complex grease fortified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid film
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A mineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease incorporating molybdenum disulphide. This
grease is suitable for applications where arduous working conditions are involved such as heavy
loads and where dust and dirt are present. | materials_science |
https://wvresearch.org/archives/18487 | 2024-02-21T04:36:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473370.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221034447-20240221064447-00301.warc.gz | 0.913598 | 686 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__127650050 | en | A new engineering research project at West Virginia University has the potential to make a demonstrable impact on the efficiency of electricity generation in the United States, decreasing carbon emissions and lowering costs for consumers.
Today, natural gas turbines are responsible for generating more than a third of the country’s electricity supply. A $700,000 award from the United States Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, known as ARPA-E, will allow researchers from the Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources to develop a new method to burn the gases used at a higher temperature, which will result in a dramatic decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.
The award will be used to develop a brand-new class of materials using advanced 3D printing techniques that can increase the current base metal temperature of gas turbine systems from 1100 degrees Celsius to 1300 degrees Celsius and increase operating temperatures from 1600 degrees Celsius to 1800 degrees Celsius.
According to Xingbo Liu, interim associate dean for research and Statler Endowed Chair professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and principal investigator of the project, the new 3D printing technique will allow the use of refractory materials, a group of metallic elements that are highly resistant to heat and wear, to be used in place of traditional nickel-based alloys that are commonly used in the aviation and power generation industries.
“According to ARPA-E’s analyses, such an increase of the operation temperature can lead to seven percent improvement in efficiency in the natural gas turbines used for electricity generation in the U.S.,” Liu said. “This represents a chance to save up to 15 to 16 quads of energy by 2050. A similar improvement in the turbines used for civilian aircraft represents another three to four quads of potential savings for U.S. air travel over the same time span.”
Liu explained that refractory metals have a higher melting point than traditional materials used to build gas turbine systems. The introduction of the new set of materials allows the natural gas to be burned at higher temperatures to operate the system, which translates to improved efficiency of the system and a significant decrease in carbon dioxide emissions.
The resulting research will improve the efficiency of the energy generation sector by developing materials that increase producers’ efficiency and create positive economic benefits for industrial and public consumers nationwide.
“This project is a combination of recent advancements in manufacturing and materials science,” Li said. “It could lead to the potential for us to develop next generation materials to use for turbines, which translates to lower cost, higher efficiency, and lower pollution.”
ARPA-E is considered the “crown jewel” of the Department of Energy’s programs, as they fund the most innovative and disruptive research in the US.
During Phase 1, Liu’s research team will demonstrate proof of concept for alloy compositions, coatings and manufacturing processes through modeling and laboratory scale testing of basic properties. If successful, the team will be selected to receive additional funding for the development of selected alloy compositions and coatings, as well as the production of generic small-scale turbine blades to demonstrate manufacturability of designs.
The researchers will work in collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory, Leidos, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Advance Manufacturing LLC to complete the 18-month Phase 1 project. | materials_science |
https://mineralsi.com/blog/2016/08/24/which-filter-media-long-term | 2024-04-19T00:09:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00168.warc.gz | 0.958543 | 973 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__146376648 | en | Which Filter Media Long-term?
Swimming pool sanitisation is essential to prevent potential waterborne diseases and to ensure that the pool water is clean and healthy. To optimise sanitation and maintain water clarity it is essential to first filter out any organic matter as well as undesirable micro-organisms and other impurities. The more effective the filtration, then there will be a lower demand for chemical treatment whilst effectively removing any potential pathogens. In this blog, we look at the pluses and minuses of different swimming pool filtration methods.
Industrial sand, typically known as quartz or crystalline silica, is used to trap unwanted residue from the pool. Sand is widely used because of its density and coarse grain and is also capable of resisting high temperatures. The water passes through the sand, where debris is trapped mainly by mechanical straining, after which the sand media is back washed taking the collected debris to waste.
Currently, SPATA standards (The Swimming Pool and Allied Trades Association) states that sand is the most popular type of filtration system, a method that goes way back to Roman times, but is now used mainly due to ease of installation and initial low cost. However, there is a significant drawback to using sand filtration – regular backwashing is required and this process leads to the loss of many litres of heated and chemically treated water which results in wastage across several areas. The lost water has to be replenished, reheated and chemically re-balanced. So, while the upfront cost of sand may be attractive, the ongoing costs involved in backwashing should be factored into the long-term cost of maintaining the pool.
Zeoclere30 is a highly efficient filter media and has proven to be an excellent way to reduce wastage generated through regular backwashing – making savings on energy, water, and chemical consumption.
Zeoclere30 handles different temperatures with ease and has a much faster clear-up rate than either glass or sand due to its osmotic properties. Because of its unique properties, Zeoclere30 is able to filter out high levels of concentrated ammonium brought into the pool by swimmers. Zeoclere30 is predominantly used in swimming pools, which are notorious for being affected by high levels of ammonium as Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps said so eloquently! Zeoclere30 removes a remarkably high level of ammonium, meaning that less chlorine is needed, thus reducing potential costs by up to 40%. Zeoclere30 has a purity level of 80-85% and can, therefore, improve water clarity by 60% more than sand filtration.
Further details on Zeoclere30 and its achievements can be viewed here.
Newer on the market is glass media filtration. Recycled glass that is crushed and graded works in a similar way to sand filtration, and is being used increasingly for both public and residential pools. On the plus side, glass is durable and is said to be more effective than sand at improving water clarity. But note that the backwashing period will generally be similar to that of sand filtration. In terms of the quantity required for filtration, roughly 80% by weight of glass is needed compared to using sand. Generally, glass filter media is more expensive than other filtration systems, costing roughly 2-3 times more than sand, so the upfront cost is a key consideration. It should also be noted that there have been some industry concerns about some grades of glass returning tiny fragments into the pool water and some products that contained impurities such as odd debris.
Diatomaceous Earth Filtration
In the 1960s Diatomaceous Earth (or DE filters) were the main method of filtration, however, in recent times concerns have been raised about carcinogenic possibilities from handling the product and they have largely been superseded by other media. DE filters are comprised of inert fossils that originate from diatoms, a unicellular form of algae. What is unique about these fossils is that instead of being made of calcium, they are made of silica, just like sand and glass. DE filters can trap underwater contaminants as small as 1 micrometer, and filter down to 5 microns. Despite exceptional levels of clarity in the water and overall high performance, DE can be rather uneconomical in terms of backwashing, as it needs a higher pressure to run than other types of filter media.
Which filter media you choose will depend on individual circumstances and priorities. Regardless of the type of filtration method and the filter specified, ensure that operators are aware of the filter pressure which generally should not exceed 20psi. | materials_science |
http://www.icegearfitness.com/store/product.php?productid=16252&cat=257&page=1 | 2013-05-26T03:37:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706578727/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121618-00045-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.848649 | 327 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__97534198 | en | About Ice Gear Fitness
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Classic fit. Full back coverage. A must have for your collection. Left chest Diamond logo. Signature Ice-Wik technology. Made in Canada.
Fabric: 92% Nylon Tactel 8% Spandex with Anti-bacterial & wicking properties
TACTELŽ fiber compares favourably with natural fibres, the easier care, good dye fastness and quick and easy drying all contribute to TACTELŽ fiber (and TACTELŽ fiber blend) garments requiring less detergent, less water and less energy to keep them looking good.
TACTELŽ Fiber characteristics:
The inherent strength of TACTELŽ fiber enables the production of fabrics that are 3 times as tough (resilient) as those based on natural fibers.
According to fl exural rigidity testing, TACTELŽ fiber is at least twice as soft as most other fibers.
Fabrics made with TACTELŽ fiber are at least 20% lighter than most other fabrics for the same cover value.
TACTELŽ fiber dries 8 times faster than cotton.
Breathability is one of the most vital properties in a fabric when it comes to comfort. The performance of fabrics made with TACTELŽ fiber meets these requirements.
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https://www.stancecheck.com/products/stancecheck-dri-fit-team-t-shirt | 2024-04-25T12:14:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297292879.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425094819-20240425124819-00404.warc.gz | 0.808753 | 157 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__67144230 | en | The StanceCheck Crew Dri-Fit T-Shirt is a high-performance, microfiber, polyester fabric that moves sweat away from the body and to the fabric surface, where it evaporates. Made from 100% Polyester, with an antimicrobial, moisture wicking knit, offering lightweight feel and superior performance. The StanceCheck Crew Dri-Fit T-Shirt is perfect for any workout or training session. Join the StanceCheck Crew Today!
- 100% Polyester
- Wicking / Antimicrobial Knit
- Antimicrobial Controls the Growth of Odor Causing Microbes
- Wicks Moisture Away from the Body
- Heat Sealed Label
- Double-Needle Hemmed Sleeves and Bottom | materials_science |
http://www.wadesaddlepads.com/quotebuild-your-own-pad/materialssaddle-pad | 2015-01-30T06:19:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115856087.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161056-00049-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.960328 | 521 | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__68389739 | en | Internet Explorer Check
Wool Felt (Used on the top and bottom)
The felt we use is made to our specifications. It is a NEEDLED FELT with at least 80% wool. Since pressed wool felt never stops felting (getting thinner and harder with heat, moisture & pressure) we use the needled felt because it is made with shorter fibers than the pressed felt which keeps it from felting.
Poly Felt (Used in the core of the 2000 series)
Poly felt has been used for many years on saddle pads because it doesn't mat down and the fibers will move and conform to even out the pressure of the saddle. We have had a lot of success using it in our 2000 series pads.
Closed Cell Foam (Used in the core and on the bottom)
We have used several closed cell foams over the years and we feel this is the best we have found for durability and shock absorption when used in the core of the pad or when used on the bottom of the pad next to the horse. This is the foam used in the core of the 1000 series pad and on the bottom of the core in the 2000 & 3000 series of pads to keep sweat from soaking into the core of the pad.
Open Cell Memory Foam (Used in the 3000 Series Pad)
This foam is probably the best shock absorbing material available. It will conform to your saddle and your horse eliminating pressure points. It is the fastest to return to its original thickness and the least temperature sensitive of the ones we tried. It will not get as hard in cold weather or as soft when body temperature is reached. It was made to absorb the shock of jet ejection seats, race car seats and many other applications. We use this for the core of the 3000 series pads.
Air Gel Foam (Used in the Core-as an added feature)
We do not like air gel for saddle pads because it is very heavy, and while it will absorb shock from impact. it does not always relieve pressure points. The company we get this foam from uses the same material they make the air gel from, but they inject air into the liquid, and it makes a closed cell foam when cured. This makes it lighter and softer while keeping the shock absorbing properties of the gel. With the air cells throughout the foam it will help relieve pressure points. This foam can be added to the core of any of the pads. While this foam is very expensive, it is the best closed cell foam available for shock absorbing and evening out the pressure of your saddle. | materials_science |
http://www.werthangranite.com/faqs/ | 2018-04-26T18:43:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948464.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180426183626-20180426203626-00379.warc.gz | 0.935551 | 1,946 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__143935821 | en | Q: Can I use marble on my kitchen counters/bar countertops?
A: Yes, but be aware marble (and limestone and travertine) are calcium carbonate, and their polished surface is more vulnerable to household acids including vinegar, mustard, catsup, citrus and a host of other food-related products. These acidic substances cause a chemical reaction, which will remove the polish. Additionally, marble and limestone can be scratched more easily than harder stones such as granite.
Q: Why is granite preferred for kitchen/bar countertops?
A: Countertops in kitchens and bar areas are often exposed to acidic substances such as lemon, vinegar, alcohol, and tomato sauce. Granite is the hardest and densest of all natural stones. The feldspar content keeps it water resistant and the silicates it contains won’t react with acid. These properties help granite resist staining and retain its fine luster over a longer period of time than other stones.
Q: Why is marble preferred for bathrooms and fireplaces?
A: Homeowners often enjoy bathrooms with bold colors and smooth, flowing patterns. Marble is the perfect choice for this application due to its wide spectrum of available colors. It also lends itself well to carved patterns and details, creating both traditional and artistic designs. While kitchen countertops are often exposed to acidic substances, bathroom countertops are more likely to be exposed to alkaline products, which do not react with marble.
Q: How much variation can I expect from the sample of stone shown?
A: Each stone is unique, and some types of stone display more variation between the pieces than others. Granites show little variation in color, but may have differing patterns and grain density. Slates tend to show a wide variation in color, even within a bundle.
Q: Can I cut on my granite countertop?
A: Granite is harder than your knife blades and will dull them very quickly if you use the countertop as a cutting surface. Always cut and chop on a wooden or plastic cutting board.
Q: What care and maintenance of the stone products are recommended?
A: Stone surfaces are very easy to maintain. Clean stone with stone cleaner or warm water and a mild liquid soap. Never use acid cleansers or abrasive chemicals on stone. Natural stone should be sealed after installation and every one to two years thereafter, depending on its application.
Q: Why does natural stone need to be sealed?
A: All natural stone including marble and granite, must be properly sealed to protect against staining. Without proper and regular sealing, granite and other natural stones, which are porous, can absorb spilled substances and leave unsightly stains and marks.
Q: How often do I need to apply penetrating sealer to my natural stone surfaces?
A: There is no set rule on how often to seal your natural stone. Sealing can be as frequent as six months for higher traffic areas on marble, slate, travertine and limestone or every couple of years for granite countertops. Also, some sealers provide for only a single application every ten years. Please review the guidelines for each individual sealer.
Q: If a stain occurs, how do I remove it?
A: If stains do occur, a stain remover may be required. Whereas, a cleaner will wash off surface dirt, a stain remover such as a poultice will actually act to draw out deep-seated dirt and stains from the stone’s pores. Several applications of a stain remover may be required for difficult stains, and darker marbles should be tested to make sure that the stain remover will not bleach the stone. For recurring problems, and/or a very deep stain, a professional stone fabricator should be contacted.
Q: What does “COF” mean?
A: Coefficient of Friction (“COF) rates the slip resistance of tile. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) recognizes several standard methods for measuring coefficient of friction for wet or dry surfaces. Tile used on commercial and residential floors should provide a safe walking surface in both wet and dry conditions.
Q: What is a rectified tile?
A: A tile that has been re-cut to achieve the same exact size in all the tile pieces produced.
Q: How do I achieve the best from a Natural Stone installation?
A: The final look of mixed tiles may fall short of appearance expectations, especially if the stone is variegated and veined. The installer should mix tiles from different boxes during the installation to achieve a more even, visually pleasing result in the finished surface. The homeowner should always look at the natural stone with the installer before the installation takes place. Moreover, it is highly recommended that the homeowner gets involved and discusses the stone layout with the installer in details to prevent misunderstandings from occurring.
Q: How do I care for my Natural Stone floor?
A: Dust mop interior floors frequently using a clean non-treated dry dust mop. Sand, dirt and grit do the most damage to natural stone surfaces due to their abrasiveness. Mats or area rugs inside and outside an entrance will help to minimize the sand, dirt and grit that will scratch the stone floor. Be sure that the underside of the mat or rug is a non-slip surface. Normally, it will take a person about eight steps on a floor surface to remove sand or dirt from the bottom of their shoes. Do not use vacuum cleaners that are worn. The metal or plastic attachments or the wheels may scratch the surface.
A: Can floor tile be used on the wall?
Q: Yes. Exterior applications require special precautions and installation methods. Please check with your installer or product manufacturer for application recommendations.
Q: Can wall tile be used on the floor?
A: Not in most cases. Please check with your installer or product manufacturer for application recommendations.
Q: What is the difference between ceramic tile and porcelain tile?
A: Porcelain tile is a type of ceramic tile. The major difference is that porcelain tile is harder and denser than other types of ceramic tile and that porcelain tile is frost-proof and impervious.
A: What is porcelain tile?
Q: Porcelain tile is a very high density product, fired at high temperatures and has superior durability and a low water absorption rate. The glazes on porcelain tile are known for a higher range of color variation, giving a rich custom look.
Q: What is a through body porcelain tile?
A: Through body porcelain tile is when the same color on the top goes all the way through. Even in extreme applications, these tiles tend not to show wear as the porcelain is quite durable (harder than granite) and the color goes all the way through. It can be used on exterior and interior floors and walls. It’s a great product for high traffic areas.
Q: What is ceramic tile?
A: Ceramic tile is a mixture of clays, molded into a shape and fired at high temperatures resulting in a hard body. This hard body may be left untreated or it may receive a glazed layer. The clay used to make the tile may be red, white or porcelain. The quality of the tile is based more on the manufacturing process than on the color of the body.
Q: What is unglazed ceramic tile?
A: It’s a type of ceramic tile which has no glazing or any other coating applied to the surface. The color is the same on the face of the tile as it is on the back. The most common unglazed tiles are porcelain tiles used in commercial areas with heavy traffic.
Q: What is glazed ceramic tile?
A: It’s a type of ceramic tile which has a glaze finish applied to the surface. Glazed tiles are available in both gloss and matte finishes. Glazing can provide a nonporous surface that is extremely stain resistant.
Q. Will Solid Surface tops stain?
A. Solid Surface Tops are nonporous and designed to resist stains. However, spills that have dried overnight or did not completely clean with a common household cleaner can easily be lifted with the use of a mild abrasive cleanser and a ScotchBrite™ pad. See the Use & Care Kit that comes with your tops for complete instructions.
Q. Can I set a hot pan directly on Solid Surface?
A. Although Solid Surface is semi-resistant to heat, a hot container just removed from a burner may scorch the surface. It is recommended that a trivet or hot pad is used when cooking. We also recommend allowing cookware to cool before placing them in Solid Surface sinks.
Q. Can I cut directly on the surface?
A. Although Solid Surface is extremely durable, it can be cut or scratched with a sharp knife. Always use a separate cutting board for all your kitchen cutting tasks. If minor cuts or scratches do occur, refer to your Use & Care Kit for instruction to repairing the tops.
Q. Will Solid Surface scratch easily?
A. Solid Surface products may be scratched by common household items including glass, ceramics, and steel. Please note that dark colors show wear and scratches more easily. If minor scratches do occur, refer to your Use & Care Kit for instruction to repairing the tops. | materials_science |
http://www.angdipower.com/en/new/new-70-515.html | 2023-03-26T00:39:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945376.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325222822-20230326012822-00128.warc.gz | 0.910087 | 473 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__66037173 | en | Can lithium battery chargers charge lead-acid batteries?
There are currently two types of lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries on the market. These two types of chargers cannot be mixed, otherwise the batteries will be scrapped directly. Because lead-acid battery chargers are generally set to two-stage or three-stage charging modes, the voltage levels of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries do not match. And there are many kinds of lithium batteries, battery performance and battery protection board parameters may be different. Therefore, lithium batteries do not have universal battery chargers like lead-acid batteries. Generally speaking, lithium batteries are shipped with a special charger. In order to protect the lithium battery, a special charger is required.
Angdi company focuses on the production and research and development of lithium battery chargers, perfect ISO quality management system and enterprise ERP manufacturing system, and serves customers efficiently. Now, our high-quality products and services have been recognized by customers in various countries. Angdi lithium battery charger, you deserve it!
Here are some things to note when charging lithium batteries:
1. In order to extend the life of the lithium battery, the lithium battery needs to be frequently charged and discharged. To get into the habit of charging electric bikes after 80% of their power usage, you ca n’t wait to run out of electricity before charging. In addition, lithium batteries must not be stored for a long time.
2. When charging the electric vehicle's rechargeable battery, the electric door lock must be closed, and the battery cannot be inverted. It should be fully charged at one time, and should not be charged in multiples.
3, electrical appliances should not be stored in a state of loss of electricity, so when the battery is not in use, you need to fully charge the battery once a month.
4. Lithium batteries require a matching charger when charging. Because the battery raw materials and the lithium battery production process are different, the technical requirements for the charger are different. Therefore, only using a dedicated charger for charging can make the lithium battery life longer. And prevent security risks.
5. When the lithium battery is out of power, you should turn off the power and ride. You cannot use the rebound voltage to prevent serious loss of power. This can prolong the battery life | materials_science |
http://parkerinternational.cz/en/company/ | 2024-04-13T09:08:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413083102-20240413113102-00872.warc.gz | 0.947699 | 204 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156328086 | en | PARKER INTERNATIONAL CZECH s.r.o. (former name was PC INTERNATIONAL (CZECH) s.r.o.) was founded as a branch of the Parker Corporation Group in 2004.
We are a certified supplier of sound insulations, thermal insulations and air – filters for Europe´s producers of heat pumps, air-conditioning and ventilations systems. We innovate products according to the required specifications in order to optimize production, price and quality in cooperation with our customers.
Parker Corporation Group was established in Japan in 1951 and is engaged in research, development and in production of industrial machinery and equipment, acoustic materials, synthetic materials and chemical products. The company operates in a variety of industries around the world and works closely with its customers to research and develop their products and proposes solutions that reduce production costs and increase product value by design and quality. The Parker Coorporation Group uses the strength of cooperation with its foreign and local subsidiaries to satisfy its customers. | materials_science |
http://www.mathesonoptometristsblog.co.uk/2013/02/industry-welcomes-cadmium-use-ruling.html | 2024-03-02T04:29:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475727.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302020802-20240302050802-00633.warc.gz | 0.947217 | 280 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__47080218 | en | Spectacle makers have managed to avert extra costs after a European body placed no further restrictions on the use of cadmium for metal spectacle frames.
It followed a consultation and review by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which concluded additional regulations for the chemical were not warranted.
Malcom Polley of the Optical Confederation said: 'The ECHA has rightly recognised that the use of metals in spectacle wear differs from jewellery because of the use of nose pads and end pieces which protect the wearer.
'Optical manufacturers are happy to comply with standards but these must be proportionate and we are pleased to see that this has been recognised by the ECHA.'
The need to further restrict the use of cadmium in metal spectacle frames fell outside of REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & restriction of Chemicals) provisions, which are European Union regulations that came into force in June 2007, a statement noted.
The Optical Confederation's Mark Nevin added: 'We welcome the conclusions in this report and would like to commend the collaborative approach the ECHA has taken in preparing this report.'
The Confederation has also responded to a consultation on the revision of European legislation on medical devices on behalf of the profession.
In relation to cosmetic contact lenses, it stressed that all contact lenses should be subject to 'the same harmonised standards and post-marketing vigilance systems'. | materials_science |
http://supergluesupplier.adhesivesetc.com/32/about.html | 2020-09-29T07:42:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401632671.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929060555-20200929090555-00329.warc.gz | 0.936228 | 274 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__160369556 | en | Taizhou Avatar Glue CO., LTD is a manufacturer of high quality a-cyanoacrylate adhesives (super glue), which are widely applied in electronic, timbering, furniture, plastic, rubber and glass areas. We pack Cyanoacrylate adhesives in plastic bottle, as well as small 3g aluminium tube with blister card. Main items are 401, 495, 416, 498, 406, 414, D-100, DGS-530, DGS-02, DGS818 and DGS-302 series, including low whiten and flexible super glue, super glue gel, and high performance glue for hardware mold area. The quality enjoys a good reputation. Please visit our website of www.tzdgs.com to learn more about our products.
With the highest technological level, our factory is able to provide products that meet customers' special requirements. Our products reflect our dedication in each critical step of production process, including artwork design, manufacture, filling, packing and transport. We offer our perfect products to satisfy all valued customers with both the best quality and competitive prices. We are committed to providing you with the most suitable products and make you more appealing to ultimate consumers.
We welcome you to inquire us by phone or Email and hope to build up businesses cooperation and friendship based on mutual benefits. | materials_science |
https://kamaudio.com/Oyaide/Oyaide-FTVS-510 | 2021-09-27T20:30:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058467.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927181724-20210927211724-00333.warc.gz | 0.891253 | 508 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__238212085 | en | Pure Silver coaxial cable.
Quantity per order: 0.5m.
1.05mm 5N（99.9995％）pure silver
FEP skin layer and foamed polyethylene
Copper foil and silver plating braided copper
UV coating polyurethane
For the core of FTVS-510, 5N jewelry grade pure silver, which is far better than industrial grade, is used. After being melted in a ceramic crucible, it is molded into 15mm diameter round bars. It is further reduced in diameter by means of 19 repetitions of the cold rolling process.
Although the conductor is the most important factor in signal transmission, the insulator is also significant in enhancing the transmitting capabilities of the cable.
For the purpose of lessening signal loss, we employed PFA which provides excellent electrical isolation and low electric permittivity.
For the first insulation layer, we selected PE (Polyethylene) which keeps permittivity to a minimum and enhances the flexibility of the cable. This layering of these different materials not only enhances the conductor's electric capabilities but also attenuates internal vibration by altering the resonance point.
Although PFA has a great electric characteristic, we needed to adopt a method for static electricity removal due to the fact that PFA charges easily.
When signal flows in a cable, it generates ultra weak vibration by which cause the discharge of an electric corona.
In order to solve this problem, we installed Carbon PE as a semiconductor layer. By surrounding just the outside of the first insulation layer, its semiconductor layer helps to discharge static buildup from the PFA layer in an orderly fashion.
The ultra silent background of the FTVS-510 is provided by a triple-layered shielding structure.
The first semiconductor layer attenuates static noise and electric micro waves. The second copper foil shielding protects against high-frequency noise. The third, silver plated mesh shielding, protects against low-frequency noise. It also protects against high-frequency noise by means of the skin effect on the silver plating.
The clear urethane sheathing has the excellent mechanical strength and always maintains a stable level of hardness without being affected by temperature change. Moreover, due to its high shock absorption and degree of elasticity, polyurethane provides powerful isolation from vibrations.
- Brand: Oyaide
- Product Code: FTVS-510
- Availability: In Stock | materials_science |
http://www.zzzyjx.cn/product/62088093728-803422371/Wall_Cladding_Aluminum_Sandwich_Sheet_Recycling_Machine.html | 2019-09-22T23:18:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575751.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922221623-20190923003623-00482.warc.gz | 0.910859 | 570 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__173639432 | en | Our Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine can be used for recycling all kinds of aluminum and plastic composite such as medical blister, aluminum plastic plate, aluminum plastic foil, and aluminum plastic package bags etc.
The following picture is the result of testing the Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine by some customers. We will save and send samples of sorted aluminum powder and plastic powder for our customers, You can send your materials to us and we will test the machine for you without charging any fees.
Aluminum powder and plastic powder from medical plates
Welcome to our factory and test the machine with the materials you specified
India customer visited our factory for Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine. He visited several suppliers during his tour in China and compared the aluminum powder separated from our system with those of other suppliers. He is quite satisfied with our equipment.
Tips: The more uniform of material particles after milling, the better the sorting result.
The aluminum and plastic materials firstly crushed by the knife crusher into 10mm pieces, and then grinding by the water cooling turbo type grinding machine into aluminum and plastic fine powders. Then separated by the rotary screen, the big size will back into the grinding machine and the fine powders will into the electrostatic separator, finally the aluminum and plastic would be separated.
We have rich experience in equipment manufacturing. Our machines have high reputation both at home and abroad (Such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa and so on more than 10 countries and regions.)
2). Manufacturer, Not Dealer
Factory direct sale makes price more competitive.Customers are always welcome to visit our factory for machine test.
3). Fast Delivery:
We promise the goods can be shipped out on delivery date after confirmation of the order.
Q: How do I know the quality of your machine?
A: You can send your sample scrap materials to us and we will test the machine for you without charging the fees. And we can send the machine test video to you. We also warmly welcome you to visit our factory to test our machine personally.
Q: When we only purchase one shredder machine production line, can we use it to shred other scrap materials like?
A: Yes, you can. It depends on the difference of blades teeth and quantity, which can be customized.
Q: Which brand of motor will you use?
A: We use domestic motor manufatured by Chinese-famous suppliers, but you can choose Siemens or other brand motor. Don't worry about our machine's quality.
Q: Will you dispatch the engineer to guide installation?
A: Yes, according to the customer's requirement, we will dispatch engineers to guide installation and traning about the operation of the machine. | materials_science |
https://ripngrip.co.uk/Article/double-sided-tape | 2024-04-13T15:52:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816820.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413144933-20240413174933-00607.warc.gz | 0.911605 | 945 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__154879173 | en | In today's fast-paced world, where efficiency and reliability are paramount, the importance of high-quality adhesive tapes cannot be overstated. At Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we understand the needs of businesses when it comes to secure bonding solutions. With our extensive range of industrial-grade single and double-sided adhesive tapes, we provide a comprehensive solution for all your bonding requirements.
Double-sided tape is a versatile and indispensable tool in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, automotive, and electronics. Its unique design allows for reliable adhesion on both sides, making it ideal for applications where traditional bonding methods may not be feasible or desirable. Let's explore some key advantages and applications of double-sided self-adhesive tapes:
Double-sided tapes offer exceptional bonding strength that can withstand extreme conditions, providing a secure and permanent bond between two surfaces. Whether you're looking to mount signs and displays or attach components in electronic devices, our range of industrial-grade double-sided tapes ensures long-lasting adhesion that you can rely on.
One of the standout benefits of using double-sided tape is its ability to create seamless aesthetics. Unlike traditional fasteners that may leave visible marks or disrupt the visual appeal of a product or surface, double-sided tape provides an invisible bond. This makes it an excellent choice for applications where appearance matters, such as in architectural installations or interior design projects.
With its ease-of-use and time-saving qualities, double-sided tape can significantly enhance productivity in various industries. The simplicity of application eliminates the need for complex tools or lengthy setup times associated with other bonding methods. By streamlining processes and reducing assembly time, businesses can achieve higher productivity levels without compromising on quality.
At Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we take pride in offering a wide selection of double-sided tapes to cater to diverse needs and applications. Here are some notable types of double-sided tapes available in our range:
Foam tapes are a popular choice when it comes to bonding irregular or uneven surfaces. The compressible nature of foam allows for excellent conformability, ensuring maximum contact between the adhesive and the surface. This results in a strong bond that can withstand vibrations, impacts, and temperature fluctuations.
Film tapes provide exceptional strength and durability. They are commonly used in applications requiring high tensile strength or resistance to chemicals, moisture, and UV exposure. These tapes offer excellent adhesion to various substrates, making them suitable for challenging environments such as outdoor installations or automotive assembly.
Transfer tapes consist of a thin adhesive layer coated on a release liner. They offer excellent adhesion properties and are ideal for bonding lightweight materials such as paper, fabric, or plastic. Transfer tapes provide a clean and neat finish without any visible adhesive lines.
Very High-bond double-sided tapes are engineered to deliver superior performance in demanding applications. With their exceptional bonding strength, they can securely bond materials like metals, glass, plastics, and composites. High-bond tapes excel in situations where long-term reliability is crucial.
When it comes to industrial-grade adhesive solutions, trust is paramount. Established in 1998, Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited has been providing businesses with high-quality products backed by our expertise and commitment to customer satisfaction.
With our extensive range of double-sided self-adhesive tapes and other industrial-grade bonding solutions, we strive to meet the diverse needs of our customers across various industries. Whether you require secure bonding for construction projects or need reliable tape solutions for manufacturing processes, our team is here to help.
Invest in the versatility and reliability of double-sided self-adhesive tapes from Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, and experience the difference firsthand. Contact us today to explore our range or discuss your specific requirements.
In the world of industrial-grade bonding solutions, double-sided self-adhesive tapes have emerged as a versatile and reliable option. Offering secure bonding, seamless aesthetics, and enhanced productivity, these tapes are transforming the way businesses approach various applications.
At Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we understand the importance of providing top-quality products to meet the unique needs of our customers. With our extensive range of double-sided tapes, including foam tapes, film tapes, transfer tapes, and high-bond tapes, we offer a comprehensive solution for all your bonding requirements.
Choose Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited for your adhesive tape needs and unlock the potential that double-sided tapes bring to your projects. Experience exceptional quality backed by expert knowledge and customer satisfaction. Contact us today to discover how our adhesive solutions can elevate your business to new heights.
Article Posted: 14/11/2023 16:08:42 | materials_science |
http://shzhuiguang.com/engoods/show-15.html | 2020-02-29T05:36:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875148671.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20200229053151-20200229083151-00367.warc.gz | 0.910245 | 307 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__142775721 | en | Building safety films are mainly used in building regulations where safety glass is required, such as building windows and doors, curtains, bulletproof, explosion-proof places, vehicles and ships, doors and windows and glass furniture, thermal shocks such as shower, steam Room, bath, sauna, etc., a large area of glass facades, stations and banks.
Building safety film effect:
To prevent accidental flying or impact caused by broken glass on the human body or property damage. The safety film can hold the glass fragments firmly to prevent splashing.
2. Unidirectional protection
Safety film is better than bulletproof glass: not only in the light of almost no impact on the light under the premise of high-end bullet-proof glass only have the impact resistance, more unique one-way protection, that is, one-way from the outside to the indoor Shooting, and for the fight back from the room is no hindrance.
The safety film has the characteristics of resisting high temperature and prevents the damage caused by the thermal brittleness of the glass at high temperatures, delaying the softening collapse time of the glass under high temperature conditions.
4. Environmental health function
Building safety film UV blocking rate of more than 99%, so as to protect the skin from direct solar damage.
Building safety film more than the average glass 500% hardness and 30000Psi high tensile strength, 160% high stretch, so that criminals or violent elements is not easy to break, delay its invasion time. | materials_science |
http://ciaaw.org/nickel.htm | 2017-03-26T20:44:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189252.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00199-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.872077 | 372 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__307633336 | en | |Isotope||Atomic mass (Da)||Isotopic abundance (amount fraction)|
|58Ni||57.935 342(3)||0.680 769(190)|
|60Ni||59.930 786(3)||0.262 231(150)|
|61Ni||60.931 056(3)||0.011 399(13)|
|62Ni||61.928 345(4)||0.036 345(40)|
|64Ni||63.927 967(4)||0.009 256(19)|
All the chemical and mass-spectrometric measurements have agreed to establish a value of Ar(Ni) = 58.70(1). Nevertheless, that value is a little higher than the average (58.694) of Baxter's excellent determinations, whose credibility is increased by the proof of accuracy of the parallel work on the atomic weight of cobalt.
At its 1989 meeting, the Commission changed its recommended value for the atomic weight of Ni to Ar(Ni) = 58.6934(2) based on recent mass-spectrometric determinations. The excellent agreement between the average of the chemical values and this new determination illustrates the remarkable accuracy of the determinations of Baxter and associates. In addition, a comparison of the isotopic composition of nickel in many minerals, salts, and metals showed no statistically significant variations. Therefore, no additional allowance to the overall uncertainty was necessary because the isotopic composition of terrestrial Ni is apparently invariant within the measurement uncertainty. The Commission increased the uncertainty of the standard atomic weight of nickel in 2009.
It should be noted that the atomic weight of nickel is now one of the most accurately known for a polyisotopic element.
© IUPAC 2003 | materials_science |
https://hsmstainless.com/news/news/stainless_steel_rolling_surface_processing.html | 2023-05-30T01:57:16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644915.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530000715-20230530030715-00693.warc.gz | 0.941345 | 125 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__78529436 | en | No.2B: This is the most commonly used in building applications. Except for the last slight cold rolling with a polishing roll after annealing and descaling, the other processes are the same as 2D. The surface is slightly luminous and can be polished.
No.2B Bright Annealing: This is a reflective surface that is rolled by a polishing roller and annealed in a controlled atmosphere. Bright annealing still keeps its reflective surface and does not produce oxide scales. Since there is no oxidation reaction during bright annealing, no pickling or passivation treatment is required. | materials_science |
https://nicoliareadymix.com/index-page_id=29.html | 2020-01-23T08:25:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250609478.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123071220-20200123100220-00015.warc.gz | 0.855718 | 211 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__223242925 | en | The most advanced technology in colored concrete, the Chameleon liquid color system uses liquid color Hydro tint, instead of powders, to color concrete products. The system is completely computer automated and insures that each batch measurement is precise, creating a consistent and even blend of color throughout the entire slab, every time.
Nicolia Ready-Mix is the only ready-mix provider on Long Island to offer concrete products colored with the Chameleon system. The system, developed by Davis Colors specifically for ready-mix users, can create a wide assortment of different colors and is also capable of color matching and creating custom colors using liquid color will not compromise the strength or durability of the concrete, and the Chameleon system can be used to color any type of Nicolia’s ready-mix products.
For more information please call Nicolia Ready-Mix 631-669-7000 or email [email protected].
For further information on the Chameleon liquid color system visit Davis Colors. | materials_science |
https://www.aipusolidscontrol.com/what-are-the-applications-of-sand-and-mud-removers/ | 2024-04-13T00:52:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816465.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412225756-20240413015756-00381.warc.gz | 0.90315 | 490 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__13741955 | en | Desilters and desanders are important equipment used in various industries to remove solid particles from liquids. Commonly used in oil and gas drilling operations, these machines play a vital role in ensuring the efficiency and productivity of many industrial processes. In this blog, we will explore related applications of desilters and desanders, emphasizing their importance in different industries.
Oil and Gas Industry:
In the oil and gas industry, drilling fluids, or muds, are used in the exploration and extraction of oil. These fluids require precise control as they stabilize the borehole, remove cuttings and provide lubrication to the drilling mechanism. Desilter and desander units are an important part of the drilling mud treatment system. Desanders remove large particles, such as sand and rock, while desilters remove finer solids, such as silt and clay. By eliminating these solid particles from drilling fluids, desilters and desanders can increase overall drilling efficiency, reduce damage to drilling equipment, and minimize downtime.
In the construction industry, especially during the excavation of foundations of large structures, desilters and desanders have important application value. Effective separation of solids from water or slurry is critical to maintaining the quality of concrete used in construction projects. Desanders and desilters help remove unwanted particles and ensure the purity of the concrete mix. These machines enhance the integrity and longevity of structures by preventing the presence of abrasive or destructive elements that can weaken concrete.
The mining industry greatly benefits from the application of desilters and desanders. During the extraction of minerals or ores, large amounts of water are consumed. By using desanders and desilters, mining operations can maintain water purity, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact. These machines also play an important role in preventing heavy machinery from clogging and damage, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the mining process.
In summary, desilters and desanders are indispensable components in various industries and play a vital role in maintaining the efficiency and quality of different processes. From the oil and gas industry to construction and mining, these machines ensure the removal of unwanted solids from fluids, increasing productivity, minimizing equipment damage and reducing environmental impact. As technology continues to advance, desilter and desander applications will only continue to evolve, contributing to more efficient and sustainable industrial practices. | materials_science |
http://www.hizook.com/blog/2009/03/19/new-artificial-muscle-material-superelastic-carbon-nanotube-aerogel | 2017-03-28T02:29:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189589.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00062-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.936668 | 1,321 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__251625105 | en | There was a paper just released in Science (Materials) about "Giant-Stroke, Superelastic Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Muscles." This is a rare case where I believe the research material far exceeds the buzzword hype! The new material responds to applied voltages by expanding 220% in a few milliseconds, operating in temperatures as low as liquid-nitrogen and as high as the melting point of iron. It has the strength and stiffness of steel (by weight) in one direction and yet is as compliant as rubber in the other two. It has extremely low density due its airy (aerogel) properties, is conductive, and transparent. This materials innovation has the potential to rejuvenate research on artificial muscles, which has generally been focused on shape memory alloys (i.e. nickle-titanium or Nitinol), piezoelectrics (such as PZT), or electroactive polymers (EAPs). Read on for a discussion about these alternative technologies, their drawbacks, and why this new material may be a game-changer!
Most people know that I'm fascinated by robots and sensing. However, material science is another oft-neglected passion -- in a parallel universe, that would be my vocation. Thus, I'm fascinated by anything that combines the three, such as artificial muscles. Basically, existing efforts come in three categories:
1. Shape Memory Alloys:
The most common shape memory alloy employed as an "artificial muscle" is nickel-titanium, or Nitinol. This material has been used in small novelty robots such as Stiquito (pictured) and in medical implants. Unfortunately, this material is power-hungry and has very slow (re)activation times, making it less compelling as a serious artificial muscle candidate.
There is a fair amount of work on piezoelectrics (such as PZT) as artificial muscles. These materials have high power density, high bandwidth, and high efficiency. Unfortunately, the strain (and stroke length) is very small -- on the order of 0.1%. This means that an artificial muscle of PZT must rely on strain amplification structures (shown) that add points of failure and seriously diminish their power-to-weight (and volume) ratio. In this subject, I am particularly fond of the work by Georgia Tech professor, Jun Ueda. If you're interested, his ICRA 2008 paper entitled "Static Lumped Parameter Model for Nested PZT Cellular Actuators with Exponential Strain Amplification Mechanisms" is worth reading.
3. Electroactive polymers (EAPs):
There are numerous varieties of electroactive polymers -- one great place to read about them is in Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality, Potential, and Challenges. Generally, I find these extremely interesting and compelling as well. Despite the quest for the "ultimate" EAP, there are still numerous (technology-dependent) challenges: poor power-weight ratios, poor strain/force performance, issues with controllability, the requirement to keep them submerged (for the wet variety), etc. You may also check out the NASA webpage dedicated to the subject (they previously developed an EAP-driven hand, shown).
Researchers at the UT Dallas Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute have demonstrated a fundamentally new type of artificial muscle, which can operate at extreme temperatures where no other artificial muscle can be used -- from below the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196° C) to above the melting point of iron (1538° C).
The discovery is reported in the March 20 issue of Science under the title “Giant Stroke, Superelastic Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Muscles.”
Once actuated (or put into motion) in a certain direction, these new artificial muscles can elongate 10 times more than natural muscles and at rates 1,000 times higher than a natural muscle. In another direction, when densified, they can generate thirty times the force of a natural muscle having the same cross-sectional area. While natural muscles can contract at about 20 percent per second, the new artificial muscles can contract at about 30,000 percent per second.
These artificial muscles are carbon nanotube aerogel sheets made by a novel solid-state process developed at UT Dallas. Sometimes called frozen smoke, aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from a gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. Aerogels are comprised mostly of air. The starting material is an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes manufactured under a chemical heat process. Because of the special arrangement of these nanotube arrays, which are called forests because they look like a bamboo forest, the carbon nanotubes can be pulled into sheets at speeds of up two meters per second. The sheets have such low density that an ounce would cover an acre.
When scientists apply a voltage to the carbon nanotube aerogel sheets, the nanotubes repulse, or push away from one another, which in effect works the muscle. These transparent sheets have strange properties that are important for muscle operation. While having about the density of air, in one direction, they have higher specific strength (strength/density) than a steel plate. When stretched in another direction, they provide rubber-like stretchability, but by a mechanism quite different than for ordinary rubber. Because of their nanoscale and microscale structure, they amplify a percent stretch in the nanotube orientation direction to a percent 15 times larger than the percent they contract laterally.
This sounds compelling for applications involving extreme temperature variations. One example is space applications, where these artificial muscles would also offer extremely valuable mass-savings.
However, only time will tell if this technology will yield the "holy grail" of artificial muscles: an "artificial muscle" comparable to their biological counterparts (power, weight, efficiency, volume, etc). For while the new nanotube-aerogel muscles appear to have a good power-to-weight ratio, the extremely low density may necessitate exorbitant volumes to produce the forces/torques of biological systems.
Oh, and here is a picture of a meter-long ribbon of carbon nanotube aerogel from an article at NewScientist. | materials_science |
https://www.sweetheartgallery.com/collections/matt-gilbert-art-metal-hand-forged-carbon-steel-pans-cookware | 2018-11-16T20:01:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743184.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116194306-20181116220306-00402.warc.gz | 0.936446 | 246 | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__13366954 | en | Matt Gilbert M2B Art Metals Hand Forged Carbon Steel Pans, Skillets, Cookware
Matt takes great pride in forging each pan or skillet with a traditional round bottom, then adding his distinctive scallop edges and sturdy handles. Technically, carbon steel is an iron alloy that, contrary to its name, actually has a very low carbon content.
Each carbon steel skillet is formed with a low sloping side wall and a delightfully robust handle, elegantly tapered to preclude any uncomfortable heat transference.
A frequently asked question is what's the difference between a cast iron pan and a carbon steel pan? A carbon steel pan is appreciably lighter than cast iron, with better non-stick properties. In short: all the benefits of cast iron, but lighter and prettier.
Unlike some of the large-scale industrial producers of steel cookware that coat their wares with a variety of (nearly) inedible coatings, all of Matt's products come pre-seasoned with a thin coating of virgin coconut oil. This seasoning will build up over time, turning to a uniform black iridescent sheen. You can cook with them right out of the box. | materials_science |
https://www.stayonfountain.com/cardboard-boxes-vs-plastic-corrugated-cardboard/ | 2023-12-11T19:36:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679516047.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211174901-20231211204901-00417.warc.gz | 0.959079 | 550 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__45370206 | en | Cardboard boxes are prefabricated, industrially pre-made boxes, commonly used for shipping goods and materials and also can be reused. Cardboard is a tough, waterproof and strong material that can be recycled into a number of different products. Cardboard boxes often come with an additional wax coating to provide an extra bond between the cardboard and the protective coating. Most experts in industry rarely use the word cardboard as it doesn’t denote a particular material, rather its generic application is related to the packaging material.
Cardboard packaging is extensively used in the food and beverage industry for boxes, crates, jugs, canisters and other packaging applications. As packaging is one of the key features of a business, it is widely used as an environmentally friendly means of packaging. Packaging experts often cite cardboard boxes as a highly preferred packaging material due to its durability, flexibility, affordability and sustainability. There are many types of corrugated cardboard boxes available to meet the diverse packaging requirements of various industries including paper, food & beverage, healthcare and chemicals.
Cardboard boxes come in several standard sizes and thicknesses for easy handling. Many companies utilize corrugated fiberboard as a substitute for traditional wooden boxes because of its durability and affordability. Many of the corrugated fiberboard boxes are available in standard thickness ranging from two inches to six inches. These boxes are also available in customized sizes to meet specific industry requirements. The standard size of a corrugated box is eight inch wide and six inch deep.
Corrugated cardboard boxes make up a good quality part of any shipping container. Shipping containers made of corrugated fiberboard are known for their toughness and long life even in the harshest environments. In addition, these boxes are ideal for storing products that need to be protected from moisture, dust, and debris during shipping.
One of the most important differences between these custom boxes is their cost. Cardboard boxes cost less than any other shipping container because of its lightweight property, which makes it ideal for use in packing fragile or large items. Although many companies choose corrugated fiberboard for use in shipping, there are many who prefer using the wooden boxes because of its good appearance. However, if your business requires boxes made of plastic, you can go for the cheaper options.
Plastic corrugated cardboard is cost effective and lasts longer than wood. However, it is not smooth and lacks the fine, crumbly texture of corrugated cardboard. Most plastic shipping boxes have liners and fluting. These liners and fluting serve to increase the box’s strength and durability and protect them from external impacts. The boxes usually come in standard sizes or can be customized according to your requirements. | materials_science |
https://www.rawtothebones.com/the-advantages-of-aluminum-fencing/ | 2023-09-21T13:27:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00819.warc.gz | 0.957921 | 533 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__225084631 | en | The popularity of aluminum fencing has risen over the past few years as homeowners and businesses seek a safe, aesthetically pleasing way to secure their properties. The beauty, durability, and low maintenance of this type of fence make it a top choice for many types of properties.
Aluminum fences add a stately, elegant look to any property, giving it a more refined and upscale appearance. They come in a variety of styles and colors to suit any style, from contemporary to traditional. They can also be adorned with various ornamental adornments to enhance the look further.
Although lightweight, aluminum is a tough metal that can withstand harsh weather conditions. This strength is one of the main reasons that aluminum is so popular for residential and commercial use. Aluminum is a non-ferrous metal, which means it does not react to moisture like its steel counterparts. This allows it to hold up better against the elements, including ice, snow, rain, sunlight, and termites, making it a durable, long-lasting option for fencing.
Aside from its unbeatable strength, aluminum is also very versatile in terms of design options. It can be crafted to complement nearly any architectural style and matched with several different decorative adornments to enhance the look further. In addition to the color and style, you can choose from a variety of height specifications and racking to meet your specific needs.
Because aluminum does not react to moisture, it is far less likely to corrode over time. This makes it much easier to maintain, compared to its iron counterparts or even wood fencing. The only regular maintenance you may need to perform is rinsing your aluminum fence with a hose to remove any dirt or dust that accumulates over time.
Aluminum is also more environmentally friendly than other metals and even some types of wood, because it is recyclable. This is especially important if you are concerned about the impact your fence has on the environment or are trying to reduce your carbon footprint. When compared to iron and other metals, aluminum is also significantly lighter in weight, which reduces the labor costs involved with installation and shipping. In addition, aluminum is extremely easy to repair if a section of your fence becomes damaged. This is why it is such a cost-effective option in the long run. For more information about the benefits of an aluminum fence, contact us today. A Yutka Fence representative can help you select the right type of aluminum fence for your property and answer any questions you may have. Our team is available by phone, email or online. We are a fence company in Milwaukee area and beyond. | materials_science |
https://blog.sensus.com/a-gas-utilitys-guide-to-hydrogen-compatibility/ | 2023-12-02T01:45:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100309.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202010506-20231202040506-00886.warc.gz | 0.893079 | 1,356 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__316718852 | en | The shift to renewable fuels for gas is happening at lightning speed compared to the industry’s previous adoption of new technologies. There’s a lot of new information being released on a daily basis – it can be difficult to sort through all of it to identify the most relevant, reliable information and what it means for your gas utility.
Sensus is here to help. This post is part of a series on Hydrogen and Its Potential for the Gas Industry. In this series, we’ll review the fundamentals of hydrogen, discuss the impacts to natural gas utilities and your end customers, and keep you up to date on the recent hydrogen reports and policies.
Choosing the correct material for an application is something most of us are more familiar with than we realize. In our daily lives, we make sure not to put metal in the microwave or use plastics in the oven. These examples demonstrate the importance of considering material, application, and design. The same is true when thinking about hydrogen compatibility.
Hydrogen compatibility is the ability of a material to exhibit and maintain reliable mechanical integrity and low probability of failure, or leakage, in hydrogen applications within a risk parameter acceptable to the user. Hydrogen suitability is the ability of a component or product to perform its necessary task in hydrogen applications within the given risk parameters.
An easy way to think about these two ideas is that hydrogen compatibility is a material evaluation whereas hydrogen suitability is a component evaluation. A product might be hydrogen compatible, maintaining its mechanical integrity, but may not perform its necessary task in the hydrogen application. For example, one might have chosen the correct materials for a hydrogen storage device, but the design and application do not result in leak-free hydrogen storage. Whether a material is compatible for use in gaseous hydrogen environments depends on three main factors: stress, environment, and material susceptibility.
When metals are exposed to hydrogen, it can lead to hydrogen embrittlement which causes a loss in tensile strength, ductility, and facture toughness (Material Compatibility | Hydrogen Tools, n.d.). Hydrogen embrittlement results from hydrogen dissolving into metals and affecting their properties. Hydrogen embrittlement risk can be increased due to factors in the environment and stress level of the material.
Metals that are commonly used in hydrogen gas applications are austenitic stainless steels, aluminum alloys, low-alloy ferritic steels, C-Mn ferritic steels, and copper alloys. Metals that are highly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement are nickel, high nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys.
Polymers can be permeated by hydrogen, which can lead to swelling of the material and eventual leakage (European Hydrogen Train the Trainer Programme for Responders Compatibility of Hydrogen with Different Materials, n.d.).
For more information about specific materials, Sandia National Laboratories has conducted a review of publications to create the ‘Technical Reference for Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials’ and NASA has conducted a review on various materials and hydrogen embrittlement (Lee, 2016; San Marchi & Somerday, 2012).
The second factor to consider when choosing a material is the environment the material will exist in. This includes influences such as pressure, temperature, and purity of the hydrogen gas.
Pressure can impact the structure and properties of materials, which is why high pressure is used to conduct accelerated age testing on materials (Zeidler & Crichton, 2017). If a material is subject to hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, it may last longer or have a reduced leakage risk than if it is subject to hydrogen at a higher pressure. This same logic applies to increased temperatures.
The hydrogen quality can also impact the compatibility of the chosen material. Certain impurities in hydrogen, such as water, oxygen, ammonia, or other gases, can react with the material the hydrogen gas is exposed to and cause damage leading to premature failure (Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Impurities | Markes International, n.d.).
The final factor to consider is the applied stress, such as load cycling, that a material will be under in its application. An easy way to visualize the impact of load cycling is to fold a paper clip back and forth until it breaks. The material of the paper clip can bend for several cycles, but eventually the material fails. The paper clip’s material was not chosen with that level of load cycling in mind, and thus it breaks. Load cycling or increased stresses will increase the likelihood of failure of a material that otherwise might be considered hydrogen compatible. As mentioned above, the material’s susceptibility to hydrogen and the environment can play into that as well. Component design can help reduce the likelihood of failure in some cases, such as increasing wall thickness of pressure vessels (What Is Hydrogen Compatibility? – WHA International, Inc. WHA International, Inc., n.d.).
When designing a product for use in hydrogen, the product’s environment, applied stresses, and material susceptibility need to be considered. Designing for hydrogen suitability involves a deep dive into each individual component and its hydrogen compatibility. Through this process it is important to refer to any relevant standards or codes regarding hydrogen and hydrogen systems.
Analysis of hydrogen fuel impurities | Markes International. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2023, from https://markes.com/applications/hydrogen-fuel-impurities
European Hydrogen Train the Trainer Programme for Responders Compatibility of Hydrogen with Different Materials. (n.d.).
Lee, J. A. (2016). Hydrogen Embrittlement. http://www.sti.nasa.gov
Material Compatibility | Hydrogen Tools. (n.d.). Retrieved December 22, 2022, from https://h2tools.org/bestpractices/material-compatibility
San Marchi, C., & Somerday, B. P. (2012). Technical Reference for Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials | Hydrogen Tools. https://h2tools.org/tech-ref/technical-reference-for-hydrogen-compatibility-of-materials
What is hydrogen compatibility? – WHA International, Inc. WHA International, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved December 22, 2022, from https://wha-international.com/what-is-hydrogen-compatibility/
Zeidler, A., & Crichton, W. A. (2017). Materials under pressure. MRS Bulletin, 42(10), 710–713. https://doi.org/10.1557/MRS.2017.208 | materials_science |
https://jihansyakira.org/cbd-packaging-boxes-trends-whats-hot-in-the-industry.html | 2023-09-28T03:51:17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510358.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928031105-20230928061105-00767.warc.gz | 0.929056 | 1,467 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__299527253 | en | The CBD industry has been rapidly growing in recent years, and with that growth comes the need for innovative and eye-catching packaging solutions. It has gained significant popularity due to its potential health benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and anti-inflammatory properties. Custom CBD packaging has become an essential element in the success of CBD products, as it not only protects the product but also serves as a powerful branding and marketing tool. In this article, we will explore the latest trends in CBD packaging boxes, the importance of investing in high-quality packaging, sustainable packaging options, and factors to consider when choosing CBD packaging boxes. Whether you are a CBD manufacturer or a retailer, staying ahead in the CBD packaging industry is crucial for success.
Importance of Custom CBD Packaging
Custom CBD packaging plays a crucial role in the success of CBD products. It not only protects the product from damage during transportation and storage but also serves as a powerful marketing tool. Custom packaging allows CBD brands to create a unique identity, establish brand recognition, and convey important information to consumers. By investing in custom CBD packaging, brands can stand out from the competition and build a loyal customer base.
Trends in CBD Packaging Boxes
The CBD packaging industry is constantly evolving, with new trends emerging to meet the demands of consumers and the market. One of the major trends in CBD packaging boxes is minimalistic and clean designs. Brands are opting for simple yet elegant packaging that reflects the purity and natural qualities of CBD products. This trend is often accompanied by earthy color palettes and organic textures, creating a sense of authenticity and wellness.
Another trend is the use of holographic and metallic finishes. These eye-catching finishes add a touch of luxury and sophistication to CBD packaging and help products stand out on the shelves. Holographic effects create a mesmerizing play of colors and light, while metallic finishes lend a modern and sleek look to the packaging.
Sustainable Packaging Options for CBD Products
With the increasing focus on sustainability, CBD brands are also embracing eco-friendly packaging options. Sustainable packaging not only reduces environmental impact but also resonates with conscious consumers who prioritize eco-friendly practices. Materials like Kraft, cardboard, corrugated, and rigid are gaining popularity in the CBD packaging industry due to their recyclability, biodegradability, and durability. These materials can be easily customized to create unique and eco-friendly packaging solutions.
In addition to using sustainable materials, brands are also exploring alternative packaging designs that minimize waste. For example, CBD brands are opting for refillable or reusable packaging options, reducing the need for single-use packaging. This not only reduces waste but also provides a cost-effective solution for both the brand and the consumer.
Innovative Designs for CBD Packaging Boxes
Innovation is key in the CBD packaging industry, and brands are pushing the boundaries of design to create unique and memorable packaging solutions. One of the innovative designs gaining popularity is interactive packaging. Brands are incorporating elements like pull-out drawers, hidden compartments, or interactive labels that engage consumers and create a memorable unboxing experience. This not only adds a fun and interactive element to the packaging but also enhances the overall brand experience.
Another innovative design trend is incorporating QR codes on CBD packaging. QR codes provide a convenient way for consumers to access product information, lab test results, and dosage instructions. By scanning the QR code, consumers can quickly and easily access the information they need, creating transparency and trust between the brand and the consumer.
Branding and Marketing through CBD Packaging
CBD packaging is not just about protecting the product; it is also an opportunity to create a strong brand identity and effectively market CBD products. Branding elements such as logos, taglines, and color schemes should be thoughtfully incorporated into the packaging design to create a cohesive and recognizable brand image.
In addition to branding, CBD packaging can also serve as a powerful marketing tool. Eye-catching designs, unique shapes, and creative use of materials can capture the attention of consumers and entice them to try the product. Including product benefits, usage instructions, and testimonials on the packaging can also help educate and persuade potential customers.
Factors to Consider When Choosing CBD Packaging Boxes
When choosing CBD packaging boxes, there are several factors that brands should consider. First and foremost, the packaging should be designed to protect the product from external factors such as light, moisture, and air. CBD products are sensitive to these elements and can degrade if not properly protected.
Secondly, the packaging should be easy to use and convenient for both the brand and the consumer. Considerations such as ease of opening, resealability, and portability should be taken into account to enhance the user experience.
Lastly, the packaging should align with the brand’s values and target audience. Understanding the preferences and expectations of the target market is essential in creating packaging that resonates with consumers and effectively communicates the brand’s message.
Benefits of Investing in High-Quality CBD Packaging
Investing in high-quality CBD packaging has numerous benefits for brands in the CBD industry. Firstly, it enhances the perceived value of the product. Premium packaging conveys a sense of quality and craftsmanship, making consumers more willing to pay a higher price for the product.
Secondly, high-quality packaging ensures the protection of the product throughout its lifecycle. It minimizes the risk of damage during transportation and storage, preserving the integrity and potency of the CBD product.
Moreover, investing in high-quality packaging strengthens brand reputation. When customers receive a well-packaged product, they are more likely to perceive the brand as trustworthy and reliable. Positive brand experiences lead to customer loyalty and word-of-mouth referrals, ultimately contributing to the brand’s success.
CBD Packaging Box Suppliers and Manufacturers
To create custom CBD packaging, it is essential to work with reliable suppliers and manufacturers. PackHit, a leading packaging company, specializes in providing high-quality CBD packaging solutions. With a wide range of materials, finishes, and design options, they can help CBD brands create packaging that stands out in the market and effectively communicates their brand identity.
This company offers sustainable packaging options such as Kraft, cardboard, corrugated, and rigid materials, ensuring that brands can make environmentally conscious choices without compromising on quality or aesthetics.
Conclusion: Stay Ahead in the CBD Packaging Industry
In conclusion, the CBD packaging industry is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of the trends is crucial for success. Custom CBD packaging not only protects the product but also acts as a powerful branding and marketing tool. By embracing trends such as minimalistic designs, sustainable materials, interactive packaging, and incorporating QR codes, CBD brands can create packaging that captures consumers’ attention and enhances the overall brand experience. Investing in high-quality packaging not only enhances the perceived value of the product but also strengthens the brand reputation. By partnering with reliable suppliers and manufacturers like PackHit, CBD brands can create packaging that stands out in the market and effectively communicates their brand identity. Stay ahead in the CBD packaging industry by embracing the latest trends and investing in packaging that reflects the quality and uniqueness of your CBD products. | materials_science |
https://www.therowantree.shop/product-page/eco-coconut-scourers-twin-pack | 2022-05-23T11:31:38 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662558015.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523101705-20220523131705-00203.warc.gz | 0.916697 | 235 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__188064275 | en | Eco Coconut Scourers Twin Pack
A completely natural and sustainable solution to all your household cleaning needs.
This pack of two donut-shaped, biodegradable and highly durable multipurpose scourers are ethically made in Sri Lanka from coconut fibre (or coir), neatly wrapped around stainless steel wire.
Coir is a natural fibre extracted from between the hard internal shell of the coconut and the outer coat of the coconut. As well as being totally natural, the scourers are naturally antibacterial, free from toxic chemicals, recyclable and biodegradable.
They are non-scratch, so are suitable for non-stick frying pan, great on hard surfaces like the cooker hob or stove top, and safe for enamel sinks and baths.
They are completely plastic free, right down to the packaging!
Size: Approx 10cm x 4.5cm
Care: Rinse after each use and store in a dry place. You may notice some loose fibres or ‘dust’ on the first few uses but this will reduce over time. | materials_science |
http://americanrailing.com/technical_information.htm | 2021-09-29T01:32:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780061350.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20210929004757-20210929034757-00000.warc.gz | 0.845332 | 563 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__181354023 | en | Specializing in Aluminum & Stainless Steel Railings
- Thermosetting acrylic enamel, Kynar, Anodized, Duranodic and also Power coat finishes are available for aluminum railings.
Stocked standard colors
Other available standard colors
Other available exotic colors
A.R.S. can provide an exact match for any color needed
(Exotic/Bright colors recommended for interior use, clear coat is needed for exterior use)
Stainless Steel Railings
- Standard No. 4 brushed satin polish is applied to all stainless steel guardrail components.
(No. 6 fine satin polish is also available upon request for a more enhanced shine.)
- Aluminum Alloy and Stainless Steel materials utilized in our fabrication process will meet or exceed all structural load requirements.
- Structural requirements should be noted at the time of inquiry.
- A.R.S. clear view glass is available in 1/4" or 3/8" tempered or laminated glass.
- Glass is designed to meet any guardrail requirements and will provide structural integrity with enhanced aesthetics for balconies or entry ways.
- Additional glass options included smoked, etched, obscured pattern as well as ceramic frit. Custom glass options are also available.
- A.R.S. uses only stainless steel and aluminum fasteners which are guaranteed to never rust or corrode.
- Standard aluminum guardrail is required to be 42" (3 1/2 ft) tall, other heights are available upon request.
- A.R.S. utilizes a combination of picket sizes and spacing to achieve a 4", 5" and a 6" center line.
- 4" inch spacing of an aluminum guardrail is the industry standard, however custom spacing is available.
- A.R.S. railings are virtually maintenance free, unlike steel or wooden railings.
- Our aluminum and stainless steel components will never rust or corrode which means there is no need for refinishing ever.
- Mild detergent diluted with water is all that is needed to keep your railings looking great.
- Do not use acidic, harsh or abrasive cleaning products on railings both of which can harm the finish.
IBC Member - ICRI Member - Listed in Sweets (McGraw Hill) - Nomma Member - CSI Member - SME Member
American Railing Systems, Inc. | 1813 McClelland Ave. | Erie, PA 16510
Toll Free Phone: (888) RAIL-MFG | Toll Free Fax: (888) FAX-PLAN
Phone: (814) 899-7677 | Fax: (814) 899-0743 | materials_science |
https://www.asmdimatec.de/en/products/1k-and-2k-adhesive-applications/2-components-gluing-system/ | 2023-12-05T16:09:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00424.warc.gz | 0.928881 | 400 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__19434936 | en | “The 2K gluing system from ASM Dimatec is an advanced and effective solution for automated glue application. The system consists of a double barrel emptying system for the A component, a Hobock barrel pump for the B component, 2 dispensing systems and a 2-component application head with static mixer. These components work seamlessly together to provide precise and effective adhesive application.
A major advantage of ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is its ability to fully automate adhesive application. This results in significant time and cost savings during production. The system can be used in automated production lines to fully automate adhesive application and increase production speed.
Another advantage of ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is its precise dispensing and application. The system can meter and mix the two components in precisely defined ratios to achieve optimum adhesive quality. The 2K application head with static mixer then ensures precise and uniform application of the adhesive to the workpiece.
ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is also very flexible and can be adapted to different adhesive types and viscosities. This makes it possible to cover a wide range of applications. The dispensing and application speed can also be adjusted to enable fast and efficient production.
In addition, ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is easy to operate and maintain. The system is designed to be cleaned quickly and easily to ensure optimal functionality. In addition, the system is easy to program and control, which makes it easier for the user to operate.
Overall, ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system offers a precise, efficient and flexible solution for automated glue application. The system saves time and costs in production, is easy to operate and maintain, and can be adapted to different adhesive types and viscosities. The system is a valuable investment for companies looking for a reliable solution for automated adhesive application.” | materials_science |
https://gardeon.com.au/blogs/news/the-most-durable-materials-for-outdoor-furniture | 2024-02-27T00:47:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00106.warc.gz | 0.945282 | 1,234 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__171545202 | en | When you’re picking your outdoor furniture (or, any furniture!) you should be looking for something that lasts. Our furniture is going to be with us through the highs and lows of Australian weather, so it needs to be sturdy, durable and resistant to all the forces of nature. Of course, durability often comes with a high price tag, so you want to make sure you pick exactly what suits your needs. For your best guide on durable outdoor furniture, check out our list of the strongest materials to look out for!
Wood is one of the most popular materials for outdoor use, but you want hardwood specifically to deck out your deck. Teak is the best for this, as it contains oils and natural resin that makes it water and insect resistant, as well as protected from dry rot. Properly cared for, teak will outlast every other piece of furniture, but the upkeep might be a little much for those of us without the time or budget. Eucalyptus is another great choice that is also sustainable, but it may not survive extreme cold without care and is susceptible to native insects like pinhole borers (but, thanks to its natural insect repelling oils, not much else!). Fir, oak and shorea are other popular hardwoods, but oak has little of the defensive oils the other woods do, and shorea is highly regulated.
All wood will fade under the sun, but you can absolutely protect it with sealants, regular cleaning, and other treatments.
Once just a plain building material, concrete has been trending as a design material thanks to it’s incredible durability and strength. Unfortunately, natural concrete is incredibly porous, so there will be no saving that red wine stain with bicarb and vinegar. Especially not with vinegar, or lemon juice, or anything acidic that could dissolve the surface. No cocktails outside! Finally, once it’s in it’s IN; you’re not going to be moving it any time soon unless you have a dedicated crew. Thankfully, we can now choose from composite concrete that is mixed with fibreglass or resin to make it stronger, lighter and less porous.
Stainless-steel is exactly what it says it is: strong, sturdy and stainless, aka no rust! It’s easy to clean, weather resistant, can’t rot or fade like organic materials, and can be made from recycled materials. Plus, who doesn’t love the shine of silver? It’s timeless! What you won’t love is the dent it will make on your wallet. It also holds heat, which is less than ideal on a 40° Australian summer day.
We think of glass as a very fragile material, but tempered glass is far from frail. Tempered glass is thick, solid, and specially treated to be weather and smudge resistant. The smooth, shiny surface gives the perfect elegant touch to your outdoor setting. Like concrete, it is very hard to move, but it might be worth the weight.
How. Gorgeous. Is. That. Wrought iron furniture gives you the look of an English manor, or maybe just reminds you of fun days drinking tea on the porch at grandma’s house. Wrought iron is sturdy, comes in all sorts of gorgeous ornate designs, and looks perfectly in place in any backyard. Unfortunately, the aesthetics come at a cost: wrought iron is prone to rust, very heavy to move, and not always very comfortable. Like stainless-steel, it can also get very hot on a summer’s day, especially if it comes in black.
High-density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Why is HDPE one of the most popular of plastics? Let’s see:
- It’s lightweight, so you can carry it anywhere.
- It’s strong and impact resistant: drop it and find out!
- It’s weather resistant, mould resistant and rot resistant, so it’s great for pipes.
- It’s easy to mould into any shape. And we mean any shape.
- It is recyclable, more important than ever!
Those features are great for everything else – what about the benefits for my patio? Well, HDPE is fade-resistant, easy to clean, lightweight and strong. If you are looking for wicker without the drawbacks of natural materials, HDPE wicker can look identical. You can buy pieces made from recycled HDPE and recycle it yourself when it reaches the end of its life. Of course plastic won’t have the elegance of other materials, but it’s the perfect solution for the average family who wants pieces that stand up to time.
High pressure laminate (HPL)
HPL is made of six to eight layers of resin-impregnated kraft paper, decorative paper and a clear overlay. It is incredibly hard, flame retardant and has antibacterial properties. It is also water and stain resistant. It has similar features to tempered glass: beautiful, easy to clean, and expensive.
Our last two materials focus on fabric, one of the hardest materials to keep outside. Good news: acrylic fabric is a good way to go. Water resistant, breathable and fade resistant, this material also dries quickly and is easily cleaned, either by spot cleaning or throwing in the washing machine (according to instructions!).
Olefin does everything acrylic does, with the bonus that it is recyclable and has an environmentally friendly production process. It is heat sensitive, but that won’t be a problem for daily use unless you set it near the firepit. It is stain-resistant except against oil-based stains, so be careful with the tanning oil!
Don’t just choose the right materials for your backyard, choose the right supplier. Gardeon’s pieces are durable with sturdy construction and quality materials, so you can rest assured our pieces will stand the test of time. | materials_science |
https://pacificsoundcontrol.soundproofnow.com/sound-seal/acoustical-wall-panels.html | 2023-09-26T08:57:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510179.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926075508-20230926105508-00176.warc.gz | 0.854998 | 409 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__241859792 | en | Acoustic Wall & Ceiling Panels
Sound Seal's Acoustical Wall Panels are the solution for areas that require noise reduction and are available in a variety of models for various applications. These panels can be manufactured in any of the many attractive acoustic fabrics offered in the industry, including premium fabrics offered by Guilford of Maine & C.F. Stinson. They can also use any factory tested and approved C.O.M. fabric.
Acoustical Wall & Ceiling Products
Manufactured with ECOSE® Technology & with 60% recycled content.
Inspire Art Printed Panels
The perfect acoustic and aesthetic solution for various interior noise reducing applications.
Chroma® Paintable Panels
Chroma paintable panels allow designers the flexibility to blend in or stand out when adding acoustic treatment to a space.
S-2000 Standard Panels
Specifically designed as a multi-purpose absorber panel that offers an economical way to resolve reverberant noise problems.
S-2100 High Impact Panels
Ideal for environments that need superior acoustical performance and resilience to high traffic areas.
S-2500 Sound Barrier Panel
A composite barrier/absorber panel that offers both superior absorption and noise blocking performance.
S-3000 Sound Barrier Panel
A flat reflector panel that is used in applications where sound reflection is necessary to enhance the rooms’ acoustics.
S-3100 Tackable Wall Panel
A tackable wall panel that are easy to install and offer minimal sound absorption.
S-4000 High Abuse Panel
A high abuse sound absorber panel that offers both excellent sound absorption and high durability.
S-4200 Tuned Absorber
Blend of sound absorption & sound diffusion, these panels are a prime choice for schools, auditoriums, studios and performance halls. | materials_science |
https://www.dentals-pharma.com/s-light | 2020-08-11T12:33:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738777.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811115957-20200811145957-00296.warc.gz | 0.83109 | 1,395 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__142834605 | en | INSTRUCTION FOR USE
Universal Light-curing Restorative Composite
- Dimethacrylate oligomers (bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, bis-EMA, PEGDMA);
- Combined radiopaque filler from modified aluminosilicate glass (0.02-2.00 µm);
- Nanosized particles of silicon oxide (5-20 nm).
The proportion of inorganic filler is approximately 80 %.
Universal restorative material S-LIGHT is a hybrid radiopaque light-cured composite.
Composite can be easily shaped, does not stick to the instrument, cured under 400-500 nm wavelengths light and polished to a “dry” shine. Material S-LIGHT has fluorescence, color stability and radiopacity.
In order to simulate dental tissues, material is produced in a wide range of VITA shades and has three levels of opacity:
А1, А2, А3, А3.5, А4, В1, В2, В3, С2, D3, UD (Universal Dentin), BW (Bleach White)
Shades possess average transparency level between dentine and enamel, which depends on layer thickness. BW shade suits well for milk teeth restoration
Dentine-opaque shades (О)
Shades used to increase restoration intensity, cover discoloration, prevent through-transmission. Material is applied with layer not more than 0.5 mm
ТС (Translucent Clear)
Shade used for cutting edge modeling and depth effect
Universal restorative composite material S-LIGHT is used for:
- restoration of all cavity classes according to Black classification (I-V) on anterior and posterior teeth;
- restoration of tooth stump;
- correction of composite restorations;
- forming of indirect restorations (inlays, onlays, veneers).
Apply carefully with patients allergic to methacrylates
As far as all terms of storing, transporting and application are observed, there are no other side effects
METHOD OF USE
Attention! Material, stored at low temperatures, should be warmed in room temperature within 1 hour before use
Before restoration, dental tissues should be cleaned with non-fluoride paste.
Selection of shade
During selecting the shade of restoration material, surface of restored tooth should be cleaned and moisturized. The intensity of color of restorative material depends on its thickness. Suitable shades are determined at daylight or artificial light with the help of VITA scale assuming the thickness of intended restoration.
To test the material of selected shade, apply it on untreated surface of the tooth. Make a pattern with thickness of intended restoration and do polymerization. Estimate the compliance of shade with tooth color under different lights, then remove material from the surface of the tooth. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated until matching the shade.
Attention! In case of accidental contact with oral mucosa, eyes or skin, rinse the affected area with large amount of water
To ensure good adhesion of material, tooth surface should be thoroughly dried and prepared. For isolation can be used rubber dam or cotton rolls and saliva ejector.
Cavity should be prepared according to general rules of adhesive technology. It is necessary to round the corners, appeared during preparation.
In case of deep cavity, for pulp capping apply calcium hydroxide material and isolate it with glass ionomer cement.
Attention! Do not use eugenol-containing materials, because eugenol disrupts the composite’s structuring
Prepared tooth surface should be treated with etching gel based on 37% phosphoric acid. Gel is applied first on enamel surface, and after 5-10 seconds on dentin surface. In 15-20 seconds gel should be washed out with water. Dry the surface with compressed air. In case of saliva contact with etching gel or dried tooth surface, repeat etching procedure, then rinse and dry the surface.
Attention! In order to avoid bad adhesion of composite material to dental tissues, water for washing should not contain impurities. Air for drying must not contain any oil or water vapor
S-LIGHT Bond is applied with 2 coats on prepared surface of the tooth by gentle rubbing for 15 seconds. Then gently dry adhesive with air within 5-10 seconds for solvents evaporation. Do photopolymerization with light of 400-500 nm wavelengths within 20 seconds.
Application of composite and curing
Composite material S-LIGHT should be applied and cured layer by layer to reduce shrinkage of material.
Time of curing and thickness of the layer is determined by transparency of material:
Material layer thickness, mm
Photopolymerization time, s
For LED lamps
For halogen lamps
transparent shade – ТС
dentine-opaque shades (О)
Multi-layer method of restoration with different transparency pastes allows to create a highly esthetic restoration.
For toning of a composite restoration it is recommended to use LC colored (white, yellow, grey) composites S-LIGHT colour.
Attention! Composite paste syringe cap must be closed immediately after use. Intense light contact with material at any stage of restoration might cause premature curing.
During curing the waveguide end of the lamp must be kept in close proximity to the curable material. The intensity of the light, emitted by a lamp for photopolymerization, should be regularly tested with the help of suitable photometers.
Fillings treatment is carried out after final curing with the help of diamond, hard-alloy burnisher burs, burs or stones. Check the occlusion with articulating paper, remove the excess material with fine-grained diamond bur or stone. For final polishing use polishing discs, silicone heads and finishing polishing paste.
Light-curing paste (syringe) 4 g
Keep in dry place protected from light at a temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C.
Transport at the temperature range from 5 °C to 25 °C.
Universal light-curing restorative composite S-LIGHT is non-sterile and aimed for multiple use.
Attention! Non-compliance with terms of storage, transportation or application leads to decrease of material life.
After opening of the package, guaranteed storage and service life of the material is limited by an expiration date. Do not use after expiry date.
Shelf life – 3 years.
Dentals Pharma GmbH
Address: Lindenstrabe 48-52, 40233 | materials_science |
https://liu.se/en/employee/thoed88 | 2023-11-28T18:42:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099942.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128183116-20231128213116-00580.warc.gz | 0.706839 | 2,677 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__149979670 | en | Thomas Ederth is a Senior lecturer and Docent (Associate Professor) in Molecular Physics, and conducts research in surface chemistry, predominantly basic research related to interactions of biological material (organisms or biomolecules) with surfaces. The research activities build on a common ground of knowledge and methods for analysis of surfaces and interfaces, which is applied to projects in different disciplines. Of the used methods, vibrational spectroscopy and neutron reflectometry are of particular importance. Current research includes projects in these areas:
- Marine biofoling and marine bioadhesion
- Fouling-resistant polymers
- Biocompatibility and protein resistance
- Molecular interactions with lipid bilayers
- Development of surface-specific analysis methods
- Spectroscopy on electroactive polymers
Thomas Ederth has an MSc degree in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering from the Linköping Institute of Technology. Efter a year of research at the Institute for Surface Chemistry, Stockholm (now a part of RISE), he continued to doctoral studies in Physical Chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, under the supervision of Prof Per Claesson. He graduated in 1999 with a thesis on intermolecular and surface forces. As a PostDoc at Oxford University, he was developing neutron scattering methods for characterization of foams and foam films, in the group of Dr Robert K Thomas. Dr Ederth spent a short time at Thin Film Electronics (Linköping) to work with polymer physics, but was recruited to the Sensor Science and Molecular Physics group at Linköping University in 2002, by Prof. Bo Liedberg. Thomas Ederth obtained a Docent degree in 2010, and 2012 he was appointed head of the Division of Molecular Physics, which was renamed the division of Biophysics and Bioengineering in 2020.
Thomas Ederth is examiner and course responsible for the courses
- TFYA35 Molecular physics
- TFYA47 Surface and interfaces
Find more information about Thomas Ederth
Biofouling and bioadhesion
W. Yandi, B. Nagy, A. Skallberg, K. Uvdal, R. Zimmermann, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, "Polyampholytic poly(AEMA-co-SPMA) thin films and their potential for antifouling applications", ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 3(11), 5361–5372 (2021). DOI : 10.1021/acsapm.1c00383.
M. Lefevre, T. Ederth, T. Masai, R. Wattiez, P. Leclere, P. Flammang, E. Hennebert, "Disentangling the roles of functional domains in the aggregation and adsorption of the multimodular sea star adhesive protein Sfp1", Marine Biotechnology, 23(5), 724-735 (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10059-y.
J. Wunderer, B. Lengerer, R. Pjeta, P. Bertemes, L. Kremser, H. Lindner, T. Ederth, M. W. Hess, D. Stock, W. Salvenmoser, P. Ladurner, "A mechanism for temporary bioadhesion", PNAS, 116(10), 4297-4306 (2019). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814230116.
W. Yandi, S. Mieszkin, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, J. A. Finlay, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, "Antialgal activity of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against the marine alga Ulva." Biofouling, 33(2), 169-183 (2017). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1281409.
W. Yandi, S. Mieszkin, P. Martin-Tanchereau, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, L. Tyson, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, "Hydration and chain entanglement determines the optimum thickness of poly(HEMA-co-PEG10MA) brushes for effective resistance to settlement and adhesion of marine fouling organisms." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(14), 11448–11458 (2014). DOI: 10.1021/am502084x.
Lipids and lipid bilayers
A.-M. Villamil Giraldo, I. Eriksson, S. Wennmalm, T. Fyrner, T. Ederth, K. Öllinger, "Interactions of the Lysosomotropic Detergent O-Methyl-Serine Dodecylamide Hydrochloride (MSDH) with Lipid Bilayer Membranes - Implications for Cell Toxicity", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(9), 3136 (2020). DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093136.
A. M. Villamil Giraldo, T. Fyrner, S. Wennmalm, A. N. Parikh, K. Öllinger, T. Ederth, "Spontaneous vesiculation and pH-induced disassembly of a lysosomotropic detergent: impacts on lysosomotropism and lysosomal delivery." Langmuir, 32(50), 13566–13575 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03458.
A. M. Villamil Giraldo, H. Appelqvist, T. Ederth, K. Öllinger, "Lysosomotropic agents: impact on lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death." Biochemical Society Transactions, 42(5), 1460–1464 (2014). DOI: 10.1042/BST20140145, Full text in DiVA.
P. Nygren, M. Lundqvist, B. Liedberg, B.-H. Jonsson, T. Ederth, "Secondary structure in de novo designed peptides induced by electrostatic interaction with a lipid bilayer membrane.", Langmuir 26(9), 6437–6448 (2010). DOI: 10.1021/la100027n, Full text in DiVA.
T. Ederth, M. Lerm, B. Orihuela De Diaz, D. Rittschof, "The resistance of zwitterionic peptide monolayers to biofouling". Langmuir, 35(5), 1818 (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01625.
R. Nugraha, J. Finlay, S. Hill, T. Fyrner, W. Yandi, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, T. Ederth, "Antifouling properties of oligo(lactose)-based self-assembled monolayers." Biofouling. 31(1), 123-134 (2015). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.1001841, Full text in DiVA.
A. Di Fino, L. Petrone, N. Aldred, T. Ederth, B. Liedberg, A.S. Clare, “Correlation between surface chemistry and settlement behaviour in barnacle cyprids (Balanus improvisus)” Biofouling, 30(2), 143-152 (2014). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.852541, Full text in DiVA.
T. Fyrner, H.-S. Lee, A. Mangone, T. Ekblad, M. E. Pettitt, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, S. L. Conlan, R. Mutton, A. S. Clare, P. Konradsson, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, “Saccharide-functionalized alkanethiols for fouling-resistant self-assembled monolayers: Synthesis, monolayer properties and anti-fouling behaviour.”, Langmuir, 27 (24), 15034–15047 (2011). DOI: 10.1021/la202774e.
T. Ederth, M. E. Pettitt, P. Nygren, C.-X. Du, T. Ekblad, Y. Zhou, M. Falk, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow and B. Liedberg, “Interactions of zoospores of Ulva linza with arginine-rich oligopeptide monolayers.” Langmuir 25(16), 9375–9383 (2009). DOI: 10.1021/la900688g.
Vibrational spectroscopy at interfaces
M. J. Jafari, M. Golabi, T. Ederth, "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy to monitor metabolic activity", Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 304, 123384 (2023), DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123384.
M. J. Jafari, J. Liu, I. Engquist, T. Ederth, "Time-resolved chemical mapping in light-emitting electrochemical cells." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(3), 2747–2757 (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14162.
U. Ail, M. J. Jafari, H. Wang, T. Ederth, M. Berggren, X. Crispin, "Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors." Advanced Functional Materials, 26(34), 6288-6296 (2016). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201601106.
L. Ouyang, C. Musumeci, M. J. Jafari, T. Ederth, O. Inganäs, "Imaging the phase separation between PEDOT and polyelectrolytes during processing of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces7(35), 19764-19773 (2015). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05439.
B. Nagy, T. Ekblad, G. Fragneto, T. Ederth, "Structure of self-initiated photopolymerized films: A comparison of models", Langmuir, 38(45), 14004-14015 (2022), DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02396.
C. Busch, B. Nagy, A. Stöcklin, P. Gutfreund, R. Dahint, T. Ederth, "A mobile set-up for simultaneous and in situ neutron reflectivity, infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry studies" Review of Scientific Instruments, 93, 114102 (2022), DOI: 10.1063/5.0118329.
B. Nagy, M. Campana, Y. N. Khaydukov, T. Ederth, "Structure and pH-induced swelling of polymer films prepared from sequentially grafted polyelectrolytes", Langmuir, 38(5), 1725–1737 (2022), DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02784.
T. Ederth, T. Ekblad, "Swelling of thin poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogel films in water vapour - A neutron reflectivity study". Langmuir, 34(19), 5517–5526 (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00177.
T. Ederth, "Neutrons for scattering: What they are, where to get them, and how to deal with them". EPJ Web of Conferences, 188, 01002 (2018). DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818801002. (Tutorial book chapter) | materials_science |
https://www.mamuka-enfants.com/hand-dyed/ | 2023-02-06T22:11:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00420.warc.gz | 0.886133 | 112 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__55967366 | en | The hand dyeing of our products starts with the mordant, a plant-based craft used to fix natural dyes to fabric.
The technique opens up fibers and allows a better absorption of the dyes coming from turmeric ,
indigo, or onion skin, depending of the color.
Once the preparation phase is completed, the textile is submerged in dye and treated until the desired color is achieved. This is how we capture in our materials the essence of the color source,
resulting in special products with unique characteristics. | materials_science |
https://theind.com/articles/14157/ | 2023-09-27T04:12:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00119.warc.gz | 0.940342 | 398 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__177967103 | en | The company is now providing area industries, primarily oilfield service companies, with corrosion protection services and in late July plans to open its electroless nickel plating line.
Louisiana Plating & Coatings has opened its 80,000-square-foot plating and coatings facility in Scott.
The company is now providing area industries, primarily oilfield service companies, with corrosion protection services - including salt bath nitriding, phosphate, and spray coatings - and in late July plans to open its electroless nickel plating line.
LP&C is a wholly-owned division of Houston Plating & Coatings, a two-decades-old Houston-based provider of corrosion prevention services. "HP&C has a significant customer base in Louisiana, and having these services available in Louisiana will significantly decrease the turnaround times for [oilfield service companies] and other Louisiana-based manufacturers," says William Howard, CEO of HP&C.
Under construction for the past year, the plant encompass nearly 3.5 acres under roof:
A 20-foot (3,200 gallon) electroless nickel plating tank capable of handling large parts;
Two Salt Bath Nitride/Quench Polish Quench lines (QPC is a specialized type of nitrocarburizing case hardening that increases corrosion resistance, originally developed by the Kolene Company. The name refers to the three steps involved: nitrocarburizing, polishing and post-oxidizing;
Two 10-foot ovens and two 25-foot spray booths;
A phosphate line large enough to handle a 20,000 pound part; and
A 10,000-square-foot spray coatings and phosphate building, including five- and 10-ton cranes.
Howard points out that the new Louisiana plant is a continuation of HP&C's planned expansion of its facilities, which includes growing operations at the company's Humble, and Tyler, Texas, plants. | materials_science |
https://drillingequipmentresources.com/product/matex-one-shot-plus-5-gal-bucket/ | 2020-06-01T05:43:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347414057.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601040052-20200601070052-00147.warc.gz | 0.917133 | 419 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__87182596 | en | A dry polymer mixture blended with environmentally safe lubricants, also known as DSPA (Dry Suspended Polyacrylamide). Add to water to create a drilling fluid designed to reduce the difficulties of drilling unconsolidated formations such as sands and gravels.
- A unique DSPA providing a drilling fluid capable of stabilizing the most difficult sand and gravel conditions.
- Assists in inhibiting the swelling of clay like materials such as saprolites, talcs & kimberlites which in turn eliminates bit balling.
- Imparts excellent viscosity yield. It is a superior product for borehole stabilization and encapsulation of solids.
- Reduces the need of casing in most unconsolidated formations.
- Will increase productivity and profits.
- Enhances both bit-life and penetration rates during drilling operations.
- Based on an environmentally safe technology which has proven to be effective in lubricating down-hole consumables for more than 25 years.
- ONE SHOT PLUS increases tool joint life by reducing torque in the hole.
The recommended starting dosage of Matex ONE SHOT PLUS is from;
2-4 litres per 1000 litres of water.
2-4 quarts per 250 gallons of water.
Control Chemical (1989) Corporation has been a manufacturer of high-performance drilling fluid systems and proprietary vegetable oil lubricants under the Matex brand name for over 25 years. Originating from an initial facility of 6,000 square feet., the Matex products are now manufactured in a modern plant of 50,000 square feet. In 2010 and 2011 over $800,000.00 was invested in plant upgrades to increase production and manufacturing efficiency, along with their commitment to plant and employee safety programs.
The Matex products include downhole lubricants, specialty polymers, foams, tool lubricants, blast hole stabilizers, thread compounds, and non-alcohol environmentally safe freeze control fluids. These products are used for diamond drilling, horizontal directional drilling, rotary and percussive drilling. | materials_science |
http://www.dreamweaverintl.com/technology/the_difference/ | 2015-07-28T17:40:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042982013.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002302-00087-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.939652 | 272 | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-32__0__135717560 | en | Current lithium ion battery separator technology is based on stretched films, made in general from either polypropylene or from ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, or both. The processing of these films is extraordinarily difficult, and it is a testament to the technical prowess of our competition that they have been able to achieve the consistency and properties needed to make lithium ion batteries.
The difficulty of their processes have heretofore been a huge barrier to entry preventing other companies from entering the lithium ion battery separator market, and so an oligopoly exists with only a few dominant suppliers.
With the advent of Dreamweaver's patent pending nanofiber technology, this has all changed. The combination of nanofibers and microfibers and the flexibility afforded by this technology to vary and control the pore size and the pore size distribution is unprecidented in this marketplace. Now, for the first time, a battery separator can be designed specifically for a target application. Need more current? We can make a separator for that. How about a longer lifetime? We can make a separator for that. Faster recharge? That one, too.
Stretched film technology will likely always have a place in this demanding marketplace. But for everything that can't be done with films, there is the Dreamweaver nanofiber technology! | materials_science |
https://buckfergesonoriginals.com/products/grazia-duvet-cover | 2021-08-04T15:40:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00082.warc.gz | 0.809212 | 114 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__186004002 | en | Grazia Duvet Cover
Burnt (also called Devore ) Velvet Duvet Cover to go with our Rayon Velvet Estrella collection. Devor- A technique where the material undergoes a process to dissolve certain fibers to create a semi-transperent pattern against a more solidly woven fabric.
Fabric Content:55% Viscose /45% Polyester
Care Instructions: Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle. Do not use Bleach. Tumble Dry Low or Line/Flat Dry. Do not Dry Clean.
Queen 88 x 96 | materials_science |
https://www.fandomaniax-official.com/collections/shoes/products/custom-yz_boost-350-webslinger-shoes | 2019-06-17T19:38:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998558.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190617183209-20190617205209-00465.warc.gz | 0.936205 | 476 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__133279022 | en | Custom YZ_Boost 350 Webslinger Shoes
Not available in stores.
"Once Sold out, check back again in December 2019!"
No one has a spring in their step as much as Spider-Man has, but with the Webslinger Shoes, you can pretty much have the same cool factor as the ever-personable Peter Parker.
While these shoes won't really make you walk up walls and jump from building to building, they will fit and feel far, far better than most other shoes you have ever tried. This is because of the combination of all-natural breathable materials such as cotton wool, Alpaca, Hemp, Flax, and silk, combined with premium synthetic materials like nylon, polyester, rayon, spandex liquid resins, and Thermoplastic-fused yarn for strength.
Best of all, these shoes allow you to have footwear with a design not found anywhere else. Unlike other similarly-printed footwear, however, the print of the Webslinger Shoes will not do a fast fade-out only after a short while, thanks to the innovative method used in making the print. Using a process pioneered no less than by Silicon Valley, the Webslinger Shoes comes with a design made via Digital Light Synthesis, which imprints the design using a combination of light, oxygen, and programmable liquid resin. Even Mr. Stark would be impressed
- Cotton Wool, Alpaca, Hemp, Flax, Silk, Water
- Nylon, Polyester, Rayon, Spandex, Liquid Resins, Thermoplastic fused Yarn
Fitted with Digital Light Synthesis Soles
This product is made of high-quality lithe and lightweight materials made by cutting-edge tech that combines composite fibers and fused yarns. More than 90% of this product is recyclable. The entire upper shoe was knitted completely with fused yarns, and were bound to a 3D-printed sole produced by a method called Digital Light Synthesis (DLS). DLS is a lossless sole-printing method pioneered by Silicon Valley’s Carbon which uses a combination of light, oxygen and programmable liquid resin that creates soft, resilient soles that add significantly to comfort and style.
Please check size properly. Size changes/error are non-exchangeable | materials_science |
https://phaseview.com/about-us/ | 2022-11-30T19:53:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710771.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130192708-20221130222708-00309.warc.gz | 0.901994 | 200 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__123489176 | en | Since its inception over a decade ago, PhaseView masters breakthrough innovation persistently as a result of its largest part of investment directed towards R&D and product development. PhaseView has engineered unique technologies from digital wavefront technology adding novel analysis tools for laser beam profiling to material microscopy enhancing 3D imaging capabilities of any microscope system.
PhaseView has recently introduced a new generation of light sheet microscopes addressing the needs in life science instrumentation for high temporal and spatial resolution microscopy systems.
PhaseView specializes in precision instruments for the industrial, medical and scientific markets. Working closely with our customers, PhaseView offers catalog products, custom instruments, products co-development and licensing opportunities.
Directions To PhaseView Headquarters
2, Impasse de la Noisette Batiment B, Hall B3, Suite B311 91370 Verrieres Le Buisson, France
PhaseView is located in the so-called Optics Valley, 15km south west from downtown Paris | materials_science |
https://weatherbuild.co/2018/11/05/environmental-and-weather-conditions-for-exterior-painting-and-coating/ | 2019-04-24T02:54:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578624217.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424014705-20190424040037-00001.warc.gz | 0.904027 | 869 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__18661377 | en | For exterior painting and coating systems on commercial construction projects, leading building product manufacturers (BPMs) such as The Sherwin-Williams Company and many others offer requirements for and recommendations on the proper environmental and weather conditions, during: first, delivery, storage, and handling; second, project conditions; third, examination; fourth, installation; fifth, drying and curing.
Five stages of proper environmental and weather conditions for exterior painting and coating systems
- Delivery, storage, and handling
- Project conditions
- Drying and curing
Protect materials from freezing, maintain a dry storage area
Delivery, storage, and handling. First, exterior painting and coating system manufacturers provide instructions as to how to store materials in areas within the acceptable temperature ranges, and to protect materials from freezing. Further, when handling materials, it is important for contractors to maintain a dry storage area, and protect materials from rain and other precipitation events, to prevent contamination or damage to the exterior coatings.
Environmental conditions to achieve optimal outcomes
Project conditions. Second, exterior painting and coating system manufacturers recommend that contractors maintain environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) within the recommended limits for each painting and coating system in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Under no circumstances can a contractor apply painting and coating under environmental conditions outside of the manufacturer’s absolute limits!
Surfaces must be dry to ensure good adhesion
Examination. Third, contractors cannot begin application of exterior painting or coating until substrates are properly examined and prepared. If the contractor identifies unsatisfactory conditions, it is important to notify the architect before proceeding. For example, surfaces must be dry to ensure good adhesion. Wet or damp surfaces, from rain, humidity, dew, frost, fog, and other environmental moisture, can compromise the installation.
No exterior painting or coating immediately after a rain event
For example, in 09 91 13 Exterior Specification, Commercial Painting Specification Guide, The Sherwin-Williams Company recommends no exterior painting or coating immediately after a rain event, during a fog event, when a rain event is forecast, or when a low temperature event is below 50°F — unless the exterior painting and coating systems are designed specifically for each of the environmental conditions and weather conditions.
Do not apply exterior painting and coating systems to wet or damp surfaces
Installation. Fourth, manufacturers recommend that contractors do not apply exterior painting and coating systems to wet or damp surfaces. For example, after a low intensity or high intensity rain event, or after dew, frost, or fog events, suspend work and wait until substrates are completely dry — block, concrete, cement composition siding / panels, drywall – exterior, exterior composition board (hardboard), wood, and other substrates.
Avoid environmental and weather impacts during the first 16 to 24 hours of curing
Drying and curing. After installation and during the early stages of drying, exterior painting and coating systems are sensitive to rain, high humidity dew, frost, and fog events and moisture condensation as a result of environmental and weather conditions. Accordingly, contractors need to plan exterior coating and painting schedule activities and work results in order to avoid environmental and weather impacts during the first 16 to 24 hours of curing.
More in the next blog post about weather-enabled decision support, weather safety and weather risk management for the construction industry and built environment…
Headquartered in Cambridge, MA, WeatherBuild® offers a suite of decision support solutions that empower contractors, owners and operators to improve situational awareness and make better-informed decisions about weather events, schedule impacts, safety risks and probable outcomes.
© 2018 Weather Build, Inc. All rights reserved.
“WeatherBuild®”, “Weather Controls®”, and “Decision Support Solutions for the Construction Industry and Built Environment®” are registered trademarks of Weather Build, Inc.
The WeatherBuild “W” logo and app icon, “WeatherBuild Solutions™”, “WeatherBuild Basic™”, “WeatherBuild Pro™”, “WeatherBuild API™”, and “Increase productivity. Enhance safety. Manage risk.™” are trademarks of Weather Build, Inc. All rights reserved in the United States and other countries. | materials_science |
http://intelligentcoatingsprofessionals.com/coatings/permatint-coating-for-brick-and-masonry/ | 2020-04-06T05:05:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371618784.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406035448-20200406065948-00260.warc.gz | 0.93974 | 296 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__54426768 | en | PermaTint Limited manufactures unique and durable masonry paints and stains for stone, brick, block, concrete, stucco and other masonry surfaces.
Traditional paints (latex, acrylic or oil) mechanically bond (or stick) to the surface they are applied to and form a coating on it. These coatings will not allow moisture from within the wall to escape naturally. In time, this trapped moisture will cause the paint coating to lift, crack and peel. Further, exterior environmental factors such as humidity fluctuations, UV rays and freeze/thaw cycles constantly wear at the vulnerable mechanical bonds causing fading and eventual failure. The result is a paint coating that requires consistent, expensive maintenance.
PermaTint’s mineral based paints and stains function completely differently from traditional paints. They soak into the surface they are applied to and crystallize within it. Rather than sticking to the surface, our mineral paints go through a chemical reaction that permanently locks the color in – simply put, they become part of the brick rather than being a coating on it. Because the paint is comprised of natural minerals, it leaves the surface in a breathable state allowing internal moisture to evaporate
Our pigments are natural inorganic iron-oxides that are impervious to UV, allowing our paints and stains to maintain their rich and vibrant colours. Our products come with a 10 year replacement warranty and have a life expectancy of 20 – 30 years or more, with no maintenance. | materials_science |
https://m.kanishkfabtex.com/navy-baan-6802243.html | 2023-12-05T16:03:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00730.warc.gz | 0.956411 | 105 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__63716378 | en | Navy Baan is a multipurpose string or rope, which is used by manufactures of several commodities. Manufacturers use it to make drawstring bags, canvas bags, juco sling bags, tote bags, calico bags, etc. This is made of cotton and has high tearing strength. Many outfit doris are also made with the help of this baan. It is offered with dark blue color and has colorfastness properties as well. Navy Baan can be provided to customers in the required length. | materials_science |
https://www.hennecke-oms.com/en/applications/building-industry | 2023-06-10T16:45:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657735.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610164417-20230610194417-00761.warc.gz | 0.922722 | 184 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__84735543 | en | The specific energy demand of residential and industrial buildings can be significantly reduced with modern insulation. It is not without reason that countless governmental and non-governmental organizations are striving to establish sustainable measures in construction and modernization of buildings. A large proportion of the global market leaders use plant technology from HENNECKE-OMS to produce sandwich panels and a variety of other products, whether that be polyurethane insulating panels with flexible facings or sandwich panels with rigid steel facings and a polyurethane or mineral wool core structure. The scope of applications is extremely diverse and ranges from the construction of industrial and office buildings using insulated roof and wall panels, to efficient insulation of residential buildings, to cold storages or garage doors. HENNECKE-OMS plant technology for the production of sandwich and insulating panels is thus used for design solutions all over the world thanks to the considerable energy savings it brings. | materials_science |
http://magnetsonly.blogspot.com/2011/08/demagnetizing-ferromagnets.html | 2019-05-26T23:40:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232260161.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526225545-20190527011545-00085.warc.gz | 0.800903 | 238 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__101568740 | en | Magnetized ferromagnetic materials can be demagnetized (or degaussed) in the following ways:
- Heating a magnet past its Curie temperature; the molecular motion destroys the alignment of the magnetic domains. This always removes all magnetization.
- Placing the magnet in an alternating magnetic field with an intensity above the material's coercivity and then either slowly drawing the magnet out or slowly decreasing the magnetic field to zero. This is the principle used in commercial demagnetizers to demagnetize tools and erase credit cards and hard disks and degaussing coils used to demagnetize CRTs.
- Some demagnetization or reverse magnetization will occur if any part of the magnet is subjected to a reverse field above the magnetic material's coercivity.
- Demagnetisation progressively occurs if the magnet is subjected to cyclic fields sufficient to move the magnet away from the linear part on the second quadrant of the B-H curve of the magnetic material (the demagnetisation curve).
- Hammering or jarring: the mechanical disturbance tends to randomize the magnetic domains. Will leave some residual magnetization. | materials_science |
http://sudabuttfusionwelder.en.made-in-china.com/product/JoznRQkxuNGs/China-Sud200mm-400mm-Hydraulic-Butt-Fusion-Welding-Machine.html | 2017-11-18T02:23:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804518.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118021803-20171118041803-00141.warc.gz | 0.816853 | 853 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__64993846 | en | Sud200mm-400mm Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine
|FOB Price:||US $2,180-2,500 / Set|
|Min. Order:||1 Set|
|Min. Order||FOB Price|
|1 Set||US $2,180-2,500/ Set|
|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, D/P, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram|
- Model NO.: SUD400H
- Cooling Way: Air Cooling
- Frequency Range: Low Frequency
- Type: Butt Welders
- Warranty: 14 Months
- Working Voltage: 380V/220V 50Hz
- Color: Blue, Red&Black, Yellow,Blue&Black
- Trademark: SUDA
- Specification: ISO, CE
- HS Code: 85152900
- Welding Range: 200mm-400mm
- Control: Semi-Automatic
- Electric Current: AC
- Certification: ISO, Ce
- Total Power: 7.0kw
- Weight: 420kg
- Application: HDPE Pipe Welding
- Transport Package: Wooden Box
- Origin: China
Application & Features
Brief: Suitable for welding of plastic pipes and fittings made from PE, PP & PVDF.
Be made of Aluminum material.
Consists of Planning Tool, Heating Plate, Basic Frame, Hydraulic Unit and Support.
Feature:1. Removable PTFE coated heating plate with separate temperature control system.
2. Electric Planning Tool with reversible double cutting edge blades.
3. Hydraulic Unit provides welding machine with compressing power.
4. Be made of Aluminum material.
5. Low starting pressure ensures reliable welding quality of small pipes.
6. Temperature Controller and Timer, easy to know the exact time and temperature.
|Welding range(mm)||200 225 250 280 315 355 400|
|Heating Plate Max. Temp||270°c|
|Temp. Deviation in Surface||≤±7°c|
|Working Voltage||380V/220V 50HZ|
|Heating Plate Power||4.0KW|
|Planning Tool Power||1.50KW|
|Hydraulic Unit Power||1.50KW|
|Pressure Adjustable Ranges||0-8.0MPa|
|Wooden Box||3 Wooden Boxes|
1.The main accessories of the welding machine are made by fully automatic aluminum casting. It is lighter, more solid and smooth than the machine made by sand-casting and steel-form technology.
2.Using static plastic-spraying process, colorful,smooth surface and not easy to be damaged.
3.The main accessories of the hydraulic station are imported overseas, which could reduces the maintence and extends the life of hydraulic station.
4.The package we use is fumigated cartons which has nice appearance and solid structure for convenient trasportation.
1. One year warranty, life-long maintenance.
2. In warranty time, if non-artificial reason damaged can take old change new for free. Out of warranty time, we can Offer maintenance service (charge for material cost).
Our company has advanced production equipment and strong technology. The producing process is under strict management in quality. Our products are sold around the world and highly thought of since excellent quality and perfect service at home and abroad
2.The advantage for product?
High efficiency , energy saving and good quality.
3.The advantage for us ?
Reasonable price and best services , advanced equipment and strong technology.
4.How to order?
Do not hesitate to contact by online or Email as soon as possible once you are interested in our products. The specific quotation will be offered basing the request dimension and quantity
5. What about the quality?
All products according to ISO and National highest standard, also we can offer CE, certificate if necessary. The machine have one year warranty. | materials_science |
https://gundem.emu.edu.tr/en/2015/12/08/the-winter-savior-but-dangerous/ | 2023-12-08T12:38:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100745.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208112926-20231208142926-00372.warc.gz | 0.967033 | 264 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__24219066 | en | The winter period is gradually reaching its peak and everyone is mostly covered up in heavy clothing materials as expected. The season requires people to acquire the best clothing that will suit the cold weather like winter jackets, blankets, stocks, head warmers, hand gloves, sweaters and other cold preventive clothing materials. Regardless of the season, when people shop for clothing materials, they mostly care not about the component of the materials they are acquiring and what they are made of before purchasing and using them. It is important to check because some blankets that are used during the winter season might be dangerous to our health.
A slew of blankets are made from pure acrylic. Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers gotten from polymer, it is wool-like, warm and soft which is good for absorption of cold but it is also harmful to our health due to the toxic substances used in its manufacturing processes. Researches have indicated that acrylic fibers can cause breast cancer in women and also causes harm to those with dermatological conditions like itching, rashes, eczema, dermatitis and redness.
It is advisable to check the components of our clothes not just for the designers and styles. Clothes made from either cotton, silk, wool, cashmere, linen, hemp, organic fabrics or organic clothing are said to be the best. | materials_science |
http://rautitanium.com/titanium-hardware | 2018-03-22T07:35:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647782.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322073140-20180322093140-00526.warc.gz | 0.825949 | 142 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__213110554 | en | Titanium Assembly Hardware
Rau Titanium proprietary Grade 5 PVD Titanium assembly hardware shares comparable qualities to high strength Grade 8 steel bolts with a tensile strength of 950 MPa. However, our grade 5 titanium hardware is 50% lighter, reducing each multi-piece wheel by over 1lb. at the critical outermost point on the wheel and is corrosion fade resistant.
Our titanium assembly hardware for 2 and 3 piece wheels comes in both M7 and M8 sizing with a 26mm or 32mm shaft length. Yes, I said shaft length…
Raw Titanium, PVD Black, Gold, NeoChrome
32mm (3-piece wheels), 26mm (2-piece wheels) | materials_science |
http://racetechtitanium.com/ | 2017-04-26T05:50:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121165.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00606-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.83092 | 261 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__276507508 | en | RZR900 & RZR1000 Titanium Bolts & Custom Parts now available!! Complete Titanium suspension, Titanium Rollcage, Titanium Radius Rods & More!!!
Titanium ATV Bolt Kits & Custom Parts for Drag & MX Quads
Check out our full line of Titanium ATV parts to customize your quad and win races! Parts include - Swingarms, A-arms, Steering Stems, Sub-frames, Shock Bolts, and More!!
Titanium Bolt Kits for KTM, Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and Suzuki
RaceTech Titanium parts are made using Aerospace grade Titanium. Parts are heat treated, micro peened, REM finished, and PVD coated to insure superior strength and durability.
Titanium Bolts and Custom Parts for every racing and industrial application.
RaceTech Titanium specializes in Strong and Light Titanium parts for Race Cars, Motorcycles, ATV's, and Race Boats. We also supply Titanium, Aluminum, and Steel fasteners for Industrial, Medical, and Chemical applications. Browse the website to see a full list of our parts and services.
Titanium Fasteners available for Industrial, Medical, and Chemical applications
RaceTech offers custom, light weight, corrosion resistant, friction reducing fasteners for every application | materials_science |
https://en.prettynailshop24.de/p_5823_jolifin-acryl-pulver-klar-10g | 2023-09-23T15:32:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506481.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923130827-20230923160827-00785.warc.gz | 0.906383 | 286 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__154113160 | en | Jolifin acrylic powder - clear 10g
- 24h Express Article
- 30 days return
Jolifin acrylic powder - clear 10g for a fantastic nail design with acrylic
Jolifin Acrylic Powder - clear 10g for perfect nail modelling with acrylic. Acrylic powders are processed with acrylic liquid. The viscosity of the powder can be varied as desired by using more or less liquid. Acrylic powders are suitable for natural nail extensions as well as for artificial nail extensions with tips or templates. The powder mixed with acrylic liquid is air-hardening after modelling (approx. 5 minutes) and very resistant. By finishing with a polishing block and a few drops of nail oil (with different scents, peach is very popular) the surface is polished to a high gloss. Alternatively, you can seal with a light-curing high-gloss sealer (for example, Jolifin Clear UV-Top Sealing Pro).
- low odour
- Content 10g
|Sabrina from Wadern Wadrill||"Good acrylic powder that's easy to work with. Well suited as an undercoat for other colour powders. I am very satisfied with it ?. "| | materials_science |
http://theinternetisgoingcrazyoverthismagnifi.wikidee.org/this-is-honeycomb-calcite-it-can-only-be-found-in-one-mine-in-the-entire-world.html | 2018-04-24T18:13:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947033.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424174351-20180424194351-00186.warc.gz | 0.945672 | 378 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__200450299 | en | This is honeycomb calcite. It can only be found in one mine in the entire world!
This is honeycomb calcite. It can only be found in one mine in the entire world! Duchesne, Utah
The honeylike yellow and the honeycomb appearance of the calcite pattern, revealed by polishing, is where the impressive stone obtains its name.
The "honeycomb" is formed by long fibrous and tubular crystal cells of honey-yellow calcite, outlined by white membranes that surround the cells, much in appearance like honeycombs of bees, which are honey yellow cells surrounded by pale waxy walls.
The honeycomb pattern -- the "bundling" of the needle-like cell growths -- adds strength to the stone.
The stone has a unique appearance: honeycomb calcite has a yellow, orangy, gold color, membranous patterns, particular transparency and translucency. It is a stone that will take a high amount of polishing. It doesn't fade in sunlight as quickly as other calcites.
The golden color comes from sulfur deposits that took place at the time of the calcite's formation, it is thought, and the calcite patterns change depending on the point of origin of the calcite cell growth: some are tight "honey sugar," small hexagon cells grouped close. Some are large cell areas, making the stone appear to some like "petrified honey."
Honeycomb calcite comes from only one place in the world, Utah state. It comes in soft, pale sunshine yellow to deeper, richer golden amber colors. It depends on the thickness of the stone.
This color and pattern is set off to a particular effect when there is backlighting. The stone appears to glow due to its translucency, holding and diffusing light. | materials_science |
http://main.stylelist.com/2010/07/30/what-makes-lipgloss-shiny/ | 2015-05-29T04:18:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929869.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00212-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.948588 | 268 | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-22__0__141704627 | en | But have you ever wondered what makes lip gloss so shiny?
"The key to getting high shine is using materials with a high refractive index -- a technical measure of how light interacts with the material versus in air. Light is reflected from the surface as it reaches the material. The higher the refractive, index, the shinier the material," says Dr. Sarah Vickery, principal scientist with CoverGirl.
Yet making a high-shine lip gloss that's also comfortable to wear can be tricky.
"Materials with a refractive index greater than 1.4 are considered noticeably shiny by consumers. The major shine component in most lip glosses is polybutene. It's a polymer with a refractive index over 1.4, so it's extremely shiny, but it's also very sticky and tacky. This is why so many really shiny lip glosses have the unfortunate reputation of getting your hair stuck in them. The key to getting high shine without stickiness is to balance the polybutene with lightweight emollients," says Dr. Vickery.
Dr. Vickery's own strategic balancing of ingredients can be found in CoverGirl's ShineBlast Lipgloss, which cleverly toes the line between shine and comfort.
Who knew you could get a Ph.D in lip gloss mixology? | materials_science |
http://www.enitoflooring.com/en/collections/decking/decking/dec-screw | 2013-05-20T06:58:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698493317/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100133-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.920839 | 324 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__189466371 | en | Black coated screw-heads
with self-tapping thread design
ENiTo stainless steel (304) head deck screws is an excellent choice for all your decking needs and more. Our special composition of stainless steel is one of a kind. It is hardened and rust free and is of the quality you come to expect from ENiTo products. All of our stainless steel products come with a lifetime warranty against staining and rusting.
At ENiTo we are committed to manufacturing and supplying high quality products. The small head and the self-tapping thread design of deck screw prevents the wood or any materials from splitting. Pre-drilling is necessary if the building material's limitations require a pilot hole to be drilled. (Always consult wood supplier's / manufacturer's recommendations).
In the design, development and manufacturing of the ENiTo Deck screw, we adhere to the following principles to ensure that our customers are getting the Industry’s Toughest Screws:
- quality design
- no hassles and labor reducing
- extended life
- strong heads
- built to last
They are also ideal for the installation of other carpentry applications. ENiTo stainless steel (304) deck screw have the smallest screw head on the market.
- Use appropriate driver bit.
- No pre-drilling except where wood limitations require.
- DO NOT use deck cleaners which contain bleach with coated metals.
- Always consult wood supplier's / manufacturer's recommendations.
- Metal to wood connections: avoid damage to the coating by pre-drilling the metal. | materials_science |
https://drpaulzeitz.org/the-breakthrough-that-could-actually-reverse-climate-change/ | 2024-04-25T02:33:27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296820065.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425000826-20240425030826-00684.warc.gz | 0.960269 | 157 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__166070890 | en | We take it for granted, but concrete is the foundation (no pun intended) of countless buildings, homes, bridges, skyscrapers, millions of miles of highways, and some of the most impressive feats of civil engineering the world has ever known. It’s the most widely-used human-made substance on the planet.
It also happens to be incredibly bad for the climate. Portland cement, the most commonly used base (the goop that gets mixed with sand and gravel, or aggregate, to form concrete), is made with limestone that is quarried and then heated to staggeringly high temperatures — releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide in the process. Add to that all the fuel burned to mine and crush the aggregate, and you’ve got a climate disaster. | materials_science |
https://www.health2med.com/femur-shaft-fracture/ | 2022-07-05T19:45:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104597905.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220705174927-20220705204927-00057.warc.gz | 0.914031 | 263 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__147019655 | en | The bone fragment of an oblique fracture is inclined to slip over each other. The orthopedic bone plate should be applied to function as a compression plate and buttress plate.
If a plate is immobile to the fragment which forms an acute angle with the fracture. Then axial compression is generated because of which fragment is displaced and the reduction is lost.
On the other hand, if the plate is immobile to the fragment which forms an obtuse angle along with the fracture. Then axial compression is generated, and spike of the conflicting fragment is driven against the plate. accordingly, displacement is prevented, and axial compression is achieved.
Double Plating –
Usually double plating of the bone is not required. It is exceptional when bone quality is less than the optimal. Also, double plating may be called in a fracture configuration where solid bone contact on the cortex opposite the plate is improbable. Always second plate should be smaller both in length and size, then the major fixation plate as two plate of a similar length act as severe stress riser at their ends. Generally, double plating is used to fixed subtrochanteric and supracondylar fracture of the femur. These bone plates are manufactured by top orthopedic implants company with different material. | materials_science |
https://bcscarcare.com/automotive/size-and-trends-in-the-automotive-glass-market/ | 2024-02-26T03:35:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474650.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226030734-20240226060734-00012.warc.gz | 0.914053 | 1,004 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__154403705 | en | Trends in the Automotive Glass Market
In 2022, the global automotive glass market achieved a valuation of USD 30.8 billion, with projections indicating a steady compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% from 2023 to 2030. The industry’s growth is spurred by a growing emphasis on lightweight vehicles, driven by escalating concerns over harmful emissions from automobiles and their adverse environmental impact. The automotive sector’s focus on incorporating glass components has been fueled by the need for sustainable practices. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), the global production of automobiles surged to 85.02 million vehicles in 2022. This notable increase is primarily attributed to robust manufacturing activities, notably in countries like China and India, where governmental initiatives regarding motor vehicle regulations have played a significant role in fostering automotive development.
The automotive industry is undergoing a technological revolution, prompting market players to introduce advanced products tailored to modern vehicle designs. AIS Glass in India exemplifies this trend, providing innovative solutions like solar green glass and acoustic PVB for the Toyota Yaris and a 2.8mm backlight for the new Wagon R in FY 2018-2019.
The surge in electric vehicle production and the integration of new display and battery technologies are anticipated to positively impact the demand for automotive glass. Dutch company Lightyear’s electric car prototype, the Lightyear One, features integrated solar cells beneath the roof and hood, recharging directly from the sun.
While technological advancements continue, challenges arise concerning raw material availability and cost structure. Soda ash, a key raw material, has experienced price hikes due to limited supply. Manufacturers are scaling up production capacities to meet demand from key markets like automotive glass.
The focus on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction has led to increased production of lightweight and electric vehicles, driving demand for automotive glass. Despite an overall decline in vehicle production, the demand for automotive glass remains steady, supported by the rise in commercial vehicle and electric car production.
Technological innovations extend beyond vehicle advancements to glass technologies, such as Gentex Corporation’s dimmable and display glass. Sunroof demand, driven by consumer luxury preferences, contributes to the growth of the automotive glass industry.
However, high manufacturing costs pose a challenge, particularly with over 90% of automotive glass produced through the capital-intensive float glass process. The tempered glass segment dominates the market, accounting for 59.1% of revenue in 2022, with its strength, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for windows and backlights. The laminated glass segment is expected to grow rapidly, driven by safety features and applications in windscreens and sunroofs. Companies like Volvo, Ferrari, and Tesla incorporate laminated glass in cars with panoramic sunroofs, further propelling segment growth.
In response to rapidly evolving consumer demands, the automotive industry is witnessing continuous technological advancements. The transition from traditional fuel-based to electric vehicles and manual to automatic transmissions reflects these dynamic changes. Innovations in automotive glass technology, such as Gentex Corporation’s dimmable and display glass, showcase the industry’s commitment to enhancing driving experiences.
Solar technology is becoming a prominent feature in electric vehicles, with companies like Lightyear introducing prototypes like the Lightyear One, equipped with integrated solar cells. These solar panels not only contribute to sustainable energy practices but also enhance the range of electric vehicles.
The emphasis on fuel efficiency and reduced emissions has led to a surge in lightweight and electric vehicle production, fostering a consistent demand for automotive glass. Despite an overall decline in vehicle production, the automotive glass industry remains resilient, driven by the increasing manufacturing of commercial vehicles and electric cars.
Consumers’ growing penchant for luxury has steered automotive manufacturers toward innovations, particularly in sunroof systems. The incorporation of either built-in or optional sunroof systems in mid and premium car segments propels the demand for automotive glass, aligning with consumer preferences for enhanced driving experiences.
While technological progress continues to shape the automotive glass landscape, manufacturing costs remain a significant challenge. The float glass process, responsible for over 90% of the world’s automotive glass, demands substantial capital investment, making profitability contingent on operating at high capacity utilization.
Product-wise, the tempered glass segment stands out, capturing 59.1% of the revenue share in 2022. Its popularity stems from attributes like low cost, high strength, and robustness, making it the preferred choice for windows and backlights. On the other hand, the laminated glass segment is poised for rapid growth, boasting safety features that keep it intact even after accidents, thereby ensuring passenger safety. Volvo, Ferrari, and Tesla’s utilization of laminated glass in cars with panoramic sunroofs underscores its increasing prominence in the market.
As automotive glass continues to evolve in tandem with broader industry trends, innovation and adaptability remain key drivers in meeting consumer expectations and regulatory requirements. | materials_science |
https://www.packbgr.com/the-packaging-blog/green-cell-plus-product-review | 2024-04-14T04:49:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00720.warc.gz | 0.914167 | 1,044 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__159303640 | en | GREEN CELL PLUS: THE SUSTAINABLE COLD CHAIN PACKAGING SOLUTION
Green Cell Plus is a compostable box liner that keeps perishable shipments cold for days.
WHY IT MATTERS
Sustainable cold chain packaging is increasingly important in reducing environmental impact. While EPS (commonly known as Styrofoam) offers great insulation for shipping, it has a notable ecological footprint. Green Cell Plus offers a planet-friendly alternative, delivering comparable insulation performance to EPS while mitigating environmental damage.
KEEP YOUR COLD CHAIN PRODUCTS AT THE RIGHT TEMPERATURE
The most important aspect of a cold chain packaging solution is one that will keep products at the desired temperature from the time the product is packaged to the time the consumer opens the box. Green Cell Plus’s proven insulation capabilities keep products cold.
How Green Cell Plus works: Green Cell Plus is made from corn starch-based foam that incorporates thousands of tiny air pockets that trap air, providing a barrier against heat. When combined with a cold gel pack, Green Cell Plus maintains the package's internal temperature. This capability ensures that temperature-sensitive shipments, such as perishable foods and pharmaceuticals, stay cold throughout transit.
Customize your cold chain packaging for your application: Green Cell Plus can be tailored to meet specific temperature ranges and transit times, offering you versatility for various shipping needs. It comes in a range of thicknesses and densities to meet any thermal performance need.
Reduce reshipments with lab-tested insulation: If you have shipments thawing out in transit, BGR can lab test your packout to diagnose the problem and find a solution. Green Cell Plus’s reliability is backed by extensive testing to ensure that products make it to their destination at the right temperature, every time. We offer comparative R-Value testing to ensure you are getting better insulation performance compared to your current coolers.
ELIMINATE WASTE AND REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT
Green Cell Plus helps you minimize your environmental impact in two key ways:
ELIMINATES EPS WASTE
Green Cell Plus gives your customer multiple options for sustainable disposal:
- The foam can be safely dissolved in water without contaminating the water. The customer simply needs to put it in their sink and turn the water on.
- The foam can also be composted in a home or municipal compost bin.
Either way, Green Cell Plus leaves no waste at the end of its life, saving landfill space and keeping pollution out of the environment.
REDUCES YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT
Since Green Cell Plus is made from renewable resources, it comes with a lower carbon footprint. Its eco-friendly design gives it an 80% lower carbon footprint than EPS.
EASY SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND ASSEMBLY THANKS TO AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN
In addition to its insulation performance and sustainability, Green Cell Plus's design improves your packaging logistics.
Save space in trucks and warehouses: Green Cell Plus ships and stores at flat panels. This cuts down on shipping costs and saves floor space in the warehouse.
Increase speed on the packing line: Green Cell Plus has a rigid structure with pre-folded edges that make it easy to handle and fit into the box. This simplifies the packing and assembly process, making it both time-efficient and user-friendly.
THE BOTTOM LINE:
Green Cell Plus maximizes sustainability without compromising on insulation performance.
Green Cell Plus offers a sustainable alternative to traditional cold chain packaging, significantly reducing waste and carbon footprint, without compromising the quality of temperature control for sensitive shipments. With its customizable features and sustainable disposal options, Green Cell Plus not only meets the diverse needs of businesses but also aligns with the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly packaging.
Recycle the plastic sleeve: Cut open the sleeve to remove the foam and recycle the film at a store drop-off facility
Compost or dissolve the foam: After recycling the plastic sleeve, the end-user can dispose of the foam one of two ways:
Compost the foam: Can be composted in home compost bin or in municipal compost facility
Dissolve the foam: Put the foam in the kitchen sink and turn the water on. The foam will completely dissolve in under 60 seconds.
The plastic sleeve creates a barrier against water, which protects the foam from dissolving due to condensation, moisture, or humidity.
Yes, it also comes in a standard “Green Cell” option (no “Plus”). The standard version does not have the plastic sleeve, as no moisture resistance is needed. It works as protective packaging for anything from electronics, to beauty products, to glass.
Green Cell Plus is compostable rather than recyclable. However, ClimaCell is a cold chain solution similar to Green Cell Plus that is certified as curbside recyclable. Reach out to your BGR rep to discuss which one is best for your business. | materials_science |
https://aamweb.info/silicon-defect-proves-a-photonic-keystone-to-quantum-internet-research-technology-jul-2022/ | 2023-03-25T16:49:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945368.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325161021-20230325191021-00048.warc.gz | 0.901365 | 496 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__53511243 | en | Previous research has indicated silicon as a suitable material for producing stable and long-lived qubits. The current research provides proof of principle that T centers, a specific luminescent defect in silicon, can provide a photonic link between qubits.
A single T center qubit in the silicon lattice, which supports the first single spin to ever be optically observed in silicon. The constituents of the T center (two carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom) are shown as orange, and the optically addressable electron spin is in shining pale blue. Courtesy of Simon Fraser University.
The work, according to Stephanie Simmons, co-leader of SFU’s Silicon Quantum Technology Lab, represents the first measurement of single T centers in isolation, and the first measurement of a single spin in silicon performed solely with optical measurements.
“An emitter like the T center that combines high-performance spin qubits and optical photon generation is ideal to make scalable, distributed, quantum computers, because they can handle the processing and the communications together, rather than needing to interface two different quantum technologies, one for processing and one for communications,” Simmons said.
Additionally, T centers have the advantage of emitting light at the same wavelength used in current fiber communications and telecom networking equipment.
An optical microscope image of an array of integrated photonic devices, used to perform the first all-optical single-spin measurement in silicon. Tens of thousands of such ‘micropuck’ devices were fabricated on a single silicon photonic chip. Courtesy of Simon Fraser University.
“With T centers, you can build quantum processors that inherently communicate with other processors,” Simmons said. “When your silicon qubit can communicate by emitting photons (light) in the same band used in data centers and fiber networks, you get these same benefits for connecting the millions of qubits needed for quantum computing.”
The researchers said that developing quantum technology using silicon provides opportunities to quickly scale quantum computing, as the infrastructure required to manufacture silicon computer chips already exists.
“This represents an almost insurmountable competitive advantage in the international race for a quantum computer,” Simmons said. The team believes its results unlock immediate opportunities to construct silicon-integrated, telecommunications-band quantum information networks.
The research was published in Nature (www.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04821-y). | materials_science |
http://thespringmount6pack.com/2014/03/understanding-carpet-fiber/ | 2016-05-28T05:50:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277313.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00060-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.951926 | 267 | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-22__0__59060087 | en | Understanding Carpet Fiber
Carpet is one of the softest flooring options available, and provides an extremely cushioned surface for your feet in any room. Before choosing a carpet, it’s important to become familiar with the many variations of carpet fibers that exist. Below are the 4 most common carpet materials, and distinguishing characteristics of each:
- Nylon carpet: Nylon is very soft, durable, and resistant to most stains. Nylon is also one of the most popular carpet materials, and is used widely in the carpet industry.
- Polyester carpet: Polyester is a popular carpet material as it is able to hold color extremely well. Polyester is also non-allergenic, and many major manufacturers produce polyester using recycled plastic bottles, making the carpet very eco-friendly.
- Polypropylene carpet: Polypropylene is soft like nylon, and extremely resilient and resistant to stains, mildew and shedding.
- Wool carpet: Wool carpets are natural, luxurious and extremely long lasting. However, wool is often more susceptible to staining, and can be extremely expensive.
Regardless of the material used to manufacture the carpet, one thing is certain: carpet is an excellent flooring choice than comes in a variety of styles and options that can add life to any room. | materials_science |
https://www.naura-akrion.com/furnace/furnaces-for-digital-ic-technology/ | 2022-08-12T16:07:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00395.warc.gz | 0.859723 | 276 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__165090098 | en | Furnaces for Digital IC Technology
Akrion Technologies’ complete product line of vertical, FLOURIS, furnaces for digital IC manufacturers provide diffusion, oxidation, annealing & alloying capabilities for substrate sizes from 100 – 200 mm. The FLOURIS offers advanced process control and safety features to meet today’s challenging requirements all supported on a modern, sustainable platform.
The Digital IC (integrated circuit) market, largely composed of the largest IC manufacturers of memory, microprocessor, logic and foundry companies, is recognized as one of the most technically challenging markets in microelectronics. Modeled by the traditional “Moore’s Law”, Digital IC manufacturers are constantly pushing the limits in reducing feature size to new limits by introducing new device structures, novel materials and new methods.
FLOURIS 201 Anneal/Oxidation Vertical Furnace
The FLOURIS 201 Vertical Anneal/Oxidation Furnace provides medium and high temperature annealing or oxidation of 200 mm silicon wafers for advanced IC devices. Based upon Naura’s popular 300 mm THEORIS 302, the FLOURIS 201 provides 200 mm fabs with the same reliability and process control in the growth of silicon dioxide films for buffer dielectric, sacrificial oxide, and gate oxide layers in front-end of line processing. | materials_science |
https://jogjasignature.com/tag/sisal-indonesia/ | 2024-04-22T16:28:09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818312.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422144517-20240422174517-00054.warc.gz | 0.959602 | 331 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__1724749 | en | Lokantara Indonesia is a sisal fiber supplier that is committed to providing high-quality and sustainable products for various industries. Sisal is a versatile natural fiber that is extracted from the leaves of the agave plant. It has a range of applications, including as a raw material for rope, twine, paper, and even clothing.
Founded in 2020, Lokantara Indonesia is based in West Java, Indonesia. The company sources its sisal fiber from local farmers who grow the agave plant on their land. By supporting local farmers, Lokantara Indonesia is helping to create sustainable livelihoods in rural communities while also promoting sustainable agriculture practices.
One of the key benefits of sisal fiber is that it is biodegradable and compostable. This means that products made from sisal can be disposed of without harming the environment. In contrast, synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester can take hundreds of years to decompose and contribute to the pollution of our oceans and landfills.
Lokantara Indonesia takes pride in ensuring that its sisal fiber is of the highest quality. The company carefully selects the leaves from the agave plant and processes them using traditional methods to ensure that the fibers are strong, durable, and consistent in quality. The result is a premium product that meets the needs of various industries, including the agricultural, construction, and textile industries.
The company offers a range of sisal fiber products, including raw fibers, twisted yarns, and finished products such as rugs, baskets, and bags. Lokantara Indonesia can also customize its products according to the needs of its customers. | materials_science |
https://www.worldpipelines.com/contracts-and-tenders/26092023/corinth-pipeworks-awarded-snam-offshore-contract/ | 2023-12-10T14:41:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00809.warc.gz | 0.914132 | 449 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__30936256 | en | Corinth Pipeworks has been awarded a contract by Snam to manufacture and supply approximately 13 km of longitudinally submerged arc-welded steel pipes (LSAW) for the development of an offshore and onshore natural gas pipeline for the floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). The contract is valued at over €10 million.
The greenfield FSRU based LNG terminal project in the port of Ravenna is a strategic project to help ensuring Italy’s energy needs, increasing security of supply and diversification. Further-more, the project will provide critical infrastructure, with a capacity of 170 000 m3 and a nominal throughput of 5 billion m3/yr of natural gas.
The 26 in. pipeline, will be certified to transport up to 100% hydro-gen. Corinth Pipeworks is utilising cutting-edge technology and infrastructure, providing solutions for hydrogen certification of new pipelines. As such steel pipes produced today and installed in the current gas network shall cover the energy mix of tomorrow.
Steel pipes will be manufactured at Corinth Pipeworks’ facilities and will include internal and three-layer polypropylene, external coating, as well as concrete weight coating (CWC), applied at the same location as pipe manufacturing at Thisvi, Greece.
This award to Corinth Pipeworks is the latest from Snam, with the assistance of its Italian business partner PIPEX, and builds on the company's successful long-term relationship and a succession of earlier pipeline developments.
Read the latest issue of World Pipelines magazine for pipeline news, project stories, industry insight and technical articles.
The September 2023 issue of World Pipelines includes a keynote feature on automation technology for pipelines, and technical articles on deepwater pipeline engineering, hydrogen pipelines, launching and receiving pigs, PLUS a special section on North American pipelines.
Read the article online at: https://www.worldpipelines.com/contracts-and-tenders/26092023/corinth-pipeworks-awarded-snam-offshore-contract/
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Bill Chilton has been announced as the new Diving Manager at the International Marine Contractors Association. | materials_science |
http://www.globak.com.au/FAQ.aspx | 2015-04-27T12:00:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246658116.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045738-00082-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.90048 | 3,364 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__207832186 | en | How does Minwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner work?
Minwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner penetrates the pores of the wood, reducing the amount of stain the larger pores will absorb. This evens out the absorption of stain, preventing streaking and blotching.
Not sure what type of finish you have?
There's an easy way to tell whether an old finish is going to need Minwax® Antique Furniture Refinisher or Formby's® Paint & Poly Remover.
1) Dampen a cotton ball with acetone-based nail polish remover.
2) Choose an inconspicuous test spot and dab it with the cotton.
If the cotton sticks or the finish softens, it's varnish, lacquer or shellac. Use Minwax® Antique Furniture Refinisher.
If there is no effect, it's a polyurethane finish. Use Formby's® Paint & Poly Remover.
How long should Minwax® Wood Finish™ wood stain be left on the wood?
Anywhere from a few seconds to 15 minutes. The longer the stain is left on the wood, the deeper it will penetrate. For a light tint, wipe the excess stain off after a few minutes; for deeper, richer color, wait as long as 15 minutes.
Is it necessary to sand after the Minwax® Wood Finish™ has dried?
No. In fact, we advise against it. Sanding will result in the removal of some of the dyes and pigments in the stained wood. Since Minwax® Wood Finish™ does not raise the grain, no sanding is necessary before top-coating.
What is Minwax® Sanding Sealer?
Minwax® Sanding Sealer is formulated to work as a base coat under any Minwax® oil or water-based polyurethane finish. It seals the wood grain, and is designed to be easy to sand, providing an ultra-smooth finish. It is formulated for use on unstained, interior, bare wood surfaces including floors, furniture, doors and cabinets.
What kind of stain does Minwax® Stainable Wood Filler accept?
Minwax® Stainable Wood Filler has been formulated to accept all Minwax® penetrating stains, including Minwax® Wood Finish wood stain and Minwax® Gel Stain.
What makes Minwax® Gel Stain different from traditional stains such as Minwax® Wood Finish™?
As its name implies, Gel Stain has a gelled consistency. The non-drip formula makes it an ideal choice for vertical surfaces. Because it is thick-bodied, it stays more toward the surface of the wood, allowing greater color control during application. In addition, Gel Stain can be applied to non-wood surfaces, including metal and fiberglass, to give them a beautiful wood appearance.
Should Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner be used with Gel Stain?
Yes. Some woods, such as pine and maple, tend to absorb stains unevenly. Before using Gel Stain, Minwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner should be applied to ensure even stain penetration.
What is the best way to select a sheen for my polyurethane coating?
Sheen choice is a personal preference. Satin sheens reflect less light and gloss sheens reflect more light.
What can be done to avoid bubbles in the polyurethane coating finish?
There are four ways. First, stir, don't shake, the can. Second, use a high-quality, natural bristle brush. Third, work the finish into the wood, but don't create excess foam. Fourth, "tip-off" the finish before stopping, carefully running the brush at a 45-degree angle the length of each board in one unbroken movement. This will burst and smooth out any bubbles that may have been created.
How does Helmsman® Spar Urethane differ from other polyurethanes?
Helmsman® polyurethane coating contains special ultraviolet absorbers to help protect wood from the graying and fading effects of the sun. Helmsman® also contains special oils that allow it to expand and contract with seasonal temperatures changes.
Is Helmsman® polyurethane coating suitable for decks and fences?
No. Decks and fences have special requirements for protection against the elements. Use an exterior waterproofing product such as Thompson's® WaterSeal® Waterproofer Plus Clear Wood Protector.
What is the benefit of using Minwax® Wipe-On Poly versus a traditional polyurethane?
Minwax® Wipe-On Poly is easily applied with a cloth, without any drips or brush marks. It is the perfect choice for furniture, interior doors, trim and other woodwork.
How is Minwax® Wipe-On Poly applied?
Minwax® Wipe-On Poly is easily applied by hand, using a soft, lint-free cloth. Put a liberal amount on a clean cloth and rub into the wood. Since it is applied with a cloth, there is no need to worry about drips or brush marks.
Should Minwax® Wipe-On Poly be sanded between coats?
Yes. A light sanding with very fine sandpaper (#220) or fine steel wool will remove any fine particles of dust that may have settled on the finish while it was wet. Allow Minwax® Wipe-On Poly to dry 2-3 hours before applying the next coat. If a third coat is desired, repeat the same procedure.
What is the benefit of using Water Based Wipe-On Poly versus a traditional polyurethane?
Water Based Wipe-On Poly is easily applied with a cloth, without any drips or brush marks. It is the perfect choice for furniture, interior doors, trim and other woodwork. Because it’s water based it has little odor, dries quickly and cleans up easily with warm water.
Can Water Based Wipe-On Poly be applied over Minwax® Wood Finish™ or other stains?
Yes. Water Based Wipe-On Poly is a great way to protect stained wood. Be sure to allow the stain to dry completely before top coating with Water Based Wipe-On Poly.
Can I apply Water Based Wipe-On Poly over the traditional Minwax® Wipe-On Poly oil-based finish or vice versa?
Yes. The two products can be applied over each other as long as the first has fully cured. Follow the directions for the product you are using. Be sure to apply each coat with only one product. Do not finish part of a surface with one topcoat and part with the other as this could result in an uneven appearance across the surface of the wood.
Why does Minwax® Polycrylic® Protective Finish appear milky in the can?
The milk-white appearance is caused by the scattering and reflection of light striking the liquid and the particles suspended in it. The slight haziness disappears on the wood leaving a crystal clear finish.
Does Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer require sanding between coats?
No. Since one coat melts into prior coats, there is no need to sand for adhesion. Also, since each coat dries to the touch in 30 minutes or less, there is less time for dust and debris to fall into the wet coating.
What is Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer? How is it used?
Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer acts as its own sealer and can be used alone. However, applying Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer provides added smoothness. Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer is formulated to work as a base coat under Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer. It is easy to sand, dries quickly, and seals the wood in just one coat. Once sanded, it provides a smooth, even surface that is ready to be top coated with Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer.
Can lacquer be used over polyurethane? Can polyurethane be used over lacquer?
No, polyurethanes and lacquers are not compatible with each other. Applying one over the other may cause problems with adhesion.
What type of applicator works best with Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer and Sanding Sealer?
Brushing lacquers work best with either a natural bristle or a synthetic bristle brush. When choosing an applicator, the most important factor is selecting a high quality brush with tapered bristles that will enable you to “flow” the lacquer onto the wood. Avoid over-brushing, which can leave brush marks in the dried film. Do not use a foam brush, since it will dissolve!
What surfaces is Minwax® Teak Oil recommended for?
Minwax® Teak Oil is great for indoor and outdoor furniture made from hardwoods and on marine wood surfaces above the waterline.
How do I apply Minwax® Teak Oil?
Minwax® Teak Oil can be applied with a clean cloth or a brush. Apply Minwax® Teak Oil to bare wood or to wood that is free of old finishes, then wipe off any excess moving in the direction of the wood’s grain.
What is the difference between Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors and Minwax® Fast-Drying Polyurethane?
Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors is a durable protective finish specifically formulated for use on hardwood floors. Its professional formula provides superior durability. Its optimized drying technology provides a 25% faster recoat time than regular polyurethanes, and does not require sanding between coats. It applies more easily than regular polyurethane on floor surface, with an advanced anti-settling formula that needs less stirring and has fewer "highs and lows", resulting in an even sheen across the floor surface.
Can Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors be used over Minwax® stains?
Yes, Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors has been formulated to work within the Minwax® system. It can be used over Minwax® Wood Finish™ Stain and Minwax® Gel Stain.
How durable is Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors?
Water Based Polyurethane for Floors provides durability that is comparable to oil-based polyurethanes. It is significantly more durable than most water-based finishes available to consumers.
What is the difference between Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors and Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors?
While both products provide superior durability for protecting hardwood floors, Water Based Polyurethane for Floors has little odor, dries in 2-3 hours and application tools clean up with warm water.
How many coats of Water Based Polyurethane for Floors do I need to apply to protect my floor?
Three coats of Water Based Polyurethane for Floors are recommended. Additional coats may be applied for added durability.
What is the purpose of Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat?
The Base Coat seals the wood to prevent a tannin reaction between it and Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Many water-based finishes have higher pH levels than oil-based finishes. When they come in contact with the tannins that exist naturally in wood, a discoloration can occur. Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat must be applied on unstained floors prior to applying and Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Applying a base coat may be unfamiliar to DIYers but not to flooring contractors. When using water-based floor finishes, professionals almost always apply a base coat.
How is Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat different from Minwax® Professional Formula Sanding Sealer?
Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat is formulated for use with Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Its main function is to seal the wood, preventing a tannin reaction. Applying Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat is required on all unstained floors. Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat should never be sanded. Doing so can expose bare wood and a tannin reaction may result. In contrast, Minwax® Professional Formula Sanding Sealer is formulated for use with Minwax® Super-Fast Drying Polyurethane for Floors (oil based). Its function is to provide a first coat that is then sanded smooth to remove any imperfections.
How important is it to properly clean my deck before applying a waterproofer?
Proper surface preparation is necessary for the best waterproofer application and performance. All exterior wood—from decks to fences to siding—should be cleaned before sealing, staining or painting to remove dirt, stains from mildew and mold, waterproofers, wood stains, paint and other contaminants. Even new wood can have dirt or other invisible barriers to the penetration of a coating.
How do I know which type of cleaner to use for my wood before applying a waterproofer / decking oil?
It's important to choose the right cleaner for your project to ensure the best adhesion during the waterproofing process. Use the below guide as a reference when selecting a surface cleaning product:
To remove stains from dirt, mildew, algae & fungus stains and there is little or no trace of a residual finish, use Thompson's® Water Seal® Deck Wash.
To remove weathered clear & tinted waterproofers or semi-transparent stains in addition to stains from dirt, mildew, algae & fungus, use Thompson's® Water Seal® Heavy Duty Deck Cleaner.
On EXTERIOR SURFACES such as Wood & Composite Decks, Fences, Concrete & Masonry, Outdoor Furniture, Roofs & Siding, to remove stains from dirt, mildew, algae and fungus with a non-bleach, chlorine-free oxygenated foaming formula, use, Thompson's® WaterSeal® Oxy Foaming Action Exterior Multi-Surface Cleaner.
Does water beading prove a surface is waterproofed and protected from water damage?
Beading alone is not a measure of water repellency. It is just a surface phenomenon - remember, water will even bead up on a dirt field when it starts to rain. Some products are formulated to produce water beading on wood but do not effectively protect the wood from water penetration and damage. The best way to tell if a surface is waterproofed is to use the "Splash Test." Pour a little water on the surface. If it darkens, the water is penetrating and the surface needs to be protected. If it beads, rolls off or stands on the surface, but does not darken the surface, it is protected. Thompson's® WaterSeal® waterproofers penetrate the wood so that even after the beading is gone, the waterproofing protection lasts.
Can water-based waterproofers work as well as oil/solvent-based waterproofers?
Yes. Thompson's® WaterSeal® Advanced waterproofers, which are water-based, offer the highest level of waterproofing protection available. In fact, they far exceed the industry standard for waterproofing wood.
Where else can Shield-Crete™ Epoxy be used besides garage floors?
Shield-Crete™ is also great for basement floors, laundry room floors, storage areas, patios or landings.
Why does Shield-Crete™ not require acid etching while most other epoxies do?
Shield-Crete™ Garage Floor Coating is an industrial strength epoxy available to use. | materials_science |
https://www.atlanticcoralenterprise.com/productcart/pc/viewPrd.asp?idproduct=7346&idcategory= | 2019-02-24T00:38:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249569386.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190224003630-20190224025630-00474.warc.gz | 0.901266 | 148 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__159841289 | en | 30" x 60" Wholesale fiber reactive Print Beach Towels printed with brightly colored seashells including conch shells, triton trumpet shells, sand dollars, starfish and other colorful shells on beach sand. This colorful seashells print beach towel has brightly colored shells and starfish on beach sand and is perfect for beach shops and souvenir and gift shops. Fiber reactive dyes form permanent covalent bonds with the cellulose fiber in cotton. This enables the towels to stay bright for years. Fiber reactive dyes are permanent dyes. Unlike inks, they do not rest on the fabric or coat the fabric; they chemically unite with the molecules that make up the fabric. They become part of the fabric. . | materials_science |
http://www.expert-cable.ru/export/power-cables-for-rated-voltage-of-0-66-1-and-3-kv | 2019-02-18T03:48:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484648.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218033722-20190218055722-00129.warc.gz | 0.757387 | 411 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__11499166 | en | ВВГ, ВВГ-П, ВВГнг (А), ВВГ-Пнг(А), ВВГЭ, ВВГЭнг(А), shielded
Conductor: single core «sc» or multicore «mc», or sectoral mould with conductive copper conductor cross-sections from 1.5 mm² to 1000, class 1 or 2 according to GOST 22483-77.
Insulation: (without index) made from PVC-compound, , index ng(A) made from PVC-compound low fire danger. Insulated conductors are color-coded: neutral conductor (N) – blue color, earth conductor (РN) – yellow-green color, please order in advance another color.
Shield: made from copper wire or copper tapes for ВВГЭ, ВВГЭнг(А)
Inner filling and over sheath: without index made from PVC-compound, index ng(A) made from PVC-compound low fire danger Natural coloring with black over sheath , please order in advance another color
Rated voltage, number and conductor cross-sectional area:
|Mark||Number of conductor||Rated voltage, kV|
|conductor cross-sectional area, mm²|
|1||1,5 — 50||1,5-1000||10-1000|
|2 — 5||1,5–240|
Cables are intended for power transmission and distribution on a rated voltage of 0.66; 1 and 3 kV rated frequency 50 Hz for stationary cable lines power equipment.
The cables meet the requirements of GOST 31996-2012 «Power cables with plastic insulation for rated voltages of 0,66; 1 and 3 kV». | materials_science |
http://www.mediander.com/connects/5668/calcium/ | 2018-01-16T13:20:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886436.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116125134-20180116145134-00550.warc.gz | 0.954025 | 408 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__222702907 | en | Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. An alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive pale yellow metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium.
The name derives from Latin calx "lime", which was obtained from heating limestone. Its compounds were known to the ancients, though their chemistry was unknown until the seventeenth century. It was isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide, who named the element. While the pure metal does not have many applications due to its high reactivity, it is often used as an alloying component in small quantities in steelmaking, and calcium–lead alloys are sometimes used in automotive batteries. Calcium compounds on the other hand are very widely used in many industries: for example, they are used in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, in cement, in the manufacture of soaps, and as electrical insulators.
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body and the most abundant metal. Calcium ions play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell as electrolytes. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor. Calcium ions outside cells are also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation....LESS | materials_science |
http://qualityedm.com/quality-edm-resources-01.html | 2023-12-07T01:23:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100626.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206230347-20231207020347-00319.warc.gz | 0.927143 | 1,154 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__8753376 | en | Wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a process of metal machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal workpiece. A non-conventional process, though hardly a new one, wire EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are electrically conductive; usually, they are non-ferrous, and include steel, titanium, superalloys, brass, and many other metals. Instead of cutting the material, EDM melts or vaporizes it, producing comparatively small chips and providing a very accurate cut line. Industry-wide acceptance has led to a wide variety of EDM applications, as it is highly versatile, can cut hard metals, and utilizes a relatively compact amount of workspace.
There are two main types of EDM: conventional, or sinker, and wire, or wire cut. Conventional EDM, as described above, uses a tool to disperse the electric current. This tool, the cathode, runs along the metal piece, the anode, and the electrical current reacts to melt or vaporize the metal. As a result of the dielectric fluid, usually a hydrocarbon oil into which both the cathode and the workpiece are immersed, the minute chips produced by the process wash away from the piece. Wire cut EDM (or WCEDM) discharges the electrified current by means of a taut thin wire, which acts as the cathode and is guided alongside the desired cutting path, or kerf. The dielectric fluid in this case—usually deionized water—is flushed through the cut as it proceeds, again serving to carry off particles and control the sparks. The thin wire allows precision cuts, with narrow kerfs (~0.015 in. routinely, with finer kerfs available) and tolerances of +/- 0.0001 in. possible. This heightened precision allows for complex, three-dimensional cuts, and produces highly accurate punches, dies, and stripper plates.
Wire cut EDM equipment is run by computer numerically controlled (CNC) instruments, which can control the wire on a three-dimensional axis to provide greater flexibility. Simple cuts are done by varying the x-y coordinates of the cutter with more complex cuts achieved by adding axes of motion to the wire guides. Both four- and five-axis wire EDM machines and services are available. Whereas conventional EDM cannot always produce tight corners or very intricate patterns, wire EDM’s increased precision allows for intricate patterns and cuts. Additionally, wire EDM is able to cut metals as thin as 0.004 in. and thicker materials upwards of 16 in. routinely, with thicker sections possible. At a certain material thinness, wire EDM will simply cause the metal to evaporate, thereby eliminating potential debris. The wire of a WCEDM unit emits sparks on all sides, which means the cut must be thicker than the wire itself. In other words, because the wire is surrounded by a ring of current, the smallest and most precise cutting path possible is the added diameter of the ring and wire; technicians easily account for this added dimension. Manufacturers continue to produce thinner and thinner wire to allow for smaller kerfs and even finer precision.
Because of its versatility, manufacturers use EDM wire cutting machine operation for an extensive range of applications. Because the process can cut very small pieces, it is often an ideal choice for the production of small, highly detailed items that would normally be too delicate for other machining options. Additionally, the process is cost-effective for low quantity projects and can prove to be beneficial in prototype manufacturing, even if the actual project is carried out by different means.
It is important to remember that the wire in the process is constantly moving, and not to be reused. As a result, the copper, brass, or other metallic wire can be miles long, adding cost to the process. And, while the process uses no force and thus does not cause burrs and can be used on delicate items, the possibility of thermal stress is certainly present.
Most machining operations using wire EDM begin with a rough pass with a fairly fast feed rate and high dielectric flow. Successive skim passes take smaller cuts with a reduced dielectric flow to bring finished surfaces into tolerance. The reduced dielectric flow avoids distorting the wire during these skim passes.
Cuts that do not begin along an edge of a part (such as holes) require predrilling to allow the wire to thread through. Many wire EDM machines are fitted with small hole drilling electrodes for this purpose, permitting starting holes to be made in hardened steels without the use of conventional drills. Small hole drills usually employ an EDM electrode mounted in a spinning mandrel with dielectric pumped through the electrode to flush the hole. The process of making small holes in hardened material using standalone EDM drills is sometimes referred to as hole popping.
A major advantage of wire EDM over conventional EDM is that the continuous supply of wire minimizes the wear that occurs with a fixed electrode. A wire EDM machine can consume a lot of wire, however, adding expense. Many wire EDM machines are self-threading so that if a wire breaks the process can be continued almost without interruption.
Another major advantage is that parts may be cut after heat treatment which eliminates the possibility of distortion arising from post-machining treatments. Also, because the wire EDM method exerts no tooling pressure upon the workpiece, small, delicate parts are easily machined. Fixturing requirements are minimal compared to conventional machining methods. Very fine surfaces are possible. | materials_science |
http://pitbullpumps.com/applications/metal-finishing-plating/ | 2018-05-24T08:01:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866107.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524073324-20180524093324-00478.warc.gz | 0.858315 | 281 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__67684803 | en | Metal finishing and plating processes use significant amounts of water for cleaning, rinsing, and plating steps that must be collected and often dewatered for disposal by industrial submersible pumps. Industrial pumps used in metal finishing plants must be able to handle strong acids, heavy metal or oil-containing waste. Pitbull Pumps are ideal for these applications since their simple design foregoes seals, motors and diaphragms that often fail from exposure to caustic liquids.
What Metal Finishing & Plating Applications Can Pitbull Pumps Handle?
- Grit chambers
- Sludge transfer
- Sewage lift
- Hot condensate
- Dirt/debris/oil/grease waste water
- Oil Water Separators
- Non-emulsifying water and hydrocarbon pumping
- Metals recovery
- Sludge dewatering
- Disc grinding slurry
- Neutralizing sumps
- Grit sumps
- Acid neutralizing tanks and sumps
- Sludge dewatering/filter-press feed
- Slurry transfer
Contact us for more information about these metal finishing and plating applications. Want to get down to brass tacks now? Submit an application data sheet for the type of pump you need, and we’ll get back in touch soon with information on the right pump for your situation. | materials_science |
http://www.chemicalassociates.com/ | 2013-12-09T00:23:00 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163837349/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133037-00017-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.93224 | 148 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__89335308 | en | Chemical Associates is a marketer, manufacturer and supplier of chemical products based on renewable and sustainable resources. We specialize in oleochemicals including fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerine and their derivatives.
We monitor international trends in the renewable resources markets to ensure a sustainable and consistent supply of products meeting the needs of our business partners.
Our market and technical specialists utilize their collective knowledge to tailor products and services for numerous market areas including asphalt, candles, flavors, industrial lubricants, industrial cleaners, plastics, paints, paper, and rubber.
We are known in the marketplace as a highly capable, competent and dependable supplier of consistent quality products. We are your prime access to worldwide resources.
Welcome to Chemical Associates | materials_science |
https://www.tenavgroup.com/blog/led-chnid-gob-glue-on-board.html | 2023-06-07T19:10:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654012.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607175304-20230607205304-00044.warc.gz | 0.883199 | 265 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__41022453 | en | It is a kind of packaging technology. It is a technology tosolve the problem of LED lamp protection. It uses an advanced new transparent material to package thesubstrate and its LED package unit to form effective protection.
This material not only has ultra-high transparency but alsohas superior thermal conductivity.
The GOB can be adapted to any harsh environment with a smallgap to achieve true moisture, water, dust, impact and UV resistance.
Compared with the traditional SMD, it is characterized byhigh protection, moisture-proof, waterproof, anti-collision, and anti-UV. Itcan be applied to more harsh environments and avoid large-scale deadlights andlights.
Compared with COB, it is characterized by simplermaintenance, lower maintenance cost, larger viewing angle, and 180-degreehorizontal viewing angle and vertical viewing angle.
The production steps of the GOB series new products areroughly divided into 3 steps:
1. Choose the best quality materials, lamp beads, industryultra-high brush IC solutions, high quality LED chips 2. After the product is assembled, aging for 72 hours beforeGOB filling, the lamp is tested 3. After the GOB is filled, it will be aged for another 24hours to confirm the product quality again. | materials_science |
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