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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
613f75
|
How do bees make different flavors of honey? Do bee keepers only have one type of flower on their property?
|
I was at a farmers market the other weekend and a lady had about 12-15 different types of honey at her stand. I later got to wondering how bee keepers are able to get a colony of bees to make honey from only one type of flower to produce the different flavors.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfbey7b",
"dfbdd7b",
"dfbf4nz",
"dfbwfqv",
"dfbd6i5",
"dfbf6bq"
] |
[
"That's quite a lot of varieties, I hope she was actually certified. Most of my farmers are only able to carry up to about 5 different varieties from the different areas they drop their bees off. For example: bees are dropped off in Fresno and Porterville at the citrus fields - this yields their \"orange blossom\" honey. Others are dropped around Stockton, linden and Lodi (primarily cherry fields) = \"wild flower or cherry blossom\" honey. It all depends on where the actually bee keeper drops their boxes. :)"
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
80dl8k
|
Why do developers have dataminable content instead of adding it after its ready to be released?
|
When people datamine games they can find stuff that hasn't been released yet. Whats the point of adding code for the content If developers don't want it in the game yet.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"duuqjrp"
] |
[
"Saves time. That way when they want to implement it in-game, it's essentially a toggle, instead of forcing all players to download the content, therefore reducing down time when the stuff they want to go live, goes live."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6022ls
|
What causes your eye to unvoluntarily switch?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"df2vlt0"
] |
[
"I asked a neurologist about this, and he said that he leading reasons were (1) Lack of sleep; (2) Stress; and/or (3) Too much caffeine."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7apd9i
|
the sinking feeling in your stomach....
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dpbtuqt"
] |
[
"It is due mainly to the stimulation of the Vagus Nerve, though it is not fully known. This thick cranial nerve originates from the brain and travels downward to the mid abdominal cavity. It branches around the relative areas of the stomach and heart. And is stimulated with emotional and stress responses. This is the reason there is a \"gut feeling\" or a \"feeling in my heart\" or if your heart/stomach drops, the Vagus Nerve."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i6vi49
|
How do rich people go bankrupt yet continue to be multimillionaires?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g0y97a8",
"g0y9cti",
"g0yhx22"
] |
[
"Bankruptcy occurs when some entity cannot generate the necessary cash to settle immediate obligations. An illustrative example might be someone owning a $10m home but has a bill for $500,000 that they cannot pay. On paper, their net worth is $9.5m but they can still be forced into bankruptcy if their creditors insist on immediate payment. Bankruptcy is a court mandated process that resolves the situation among the various parties - there are complicated rules around how this works."
] |
[
46
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d49ukk
|
Why is an open-source OS considered more secure than a closed source?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f08z2ms",
"f092cq2"
] |
[
"For open source systems, the computer code that makes up that system is public, and anyone can read through it. So if someone has left some sort of backdoor or security flaw, it can be caught and fixed. Closed source systems have code that's only available to the people who make the software. It could have a dozen backdoors or security holes, and you'll never know unless it gets exploited and someone talks about it. The idea is that if you can see how the system is put together, you can build a more secure system than one that works with code you cant see."
] |
[
24
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b44ks3
|
Why does it seem like the public is becoming more susceptible to believeing in things that contradict science (like flat earth and anit-vax) these days?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ej4a6ke",
"ej46jiu",
"ej4i0lx"
] |
[
"It's always been there, just in the background, unheard. But thanks to the internet, ironically, the spread of misinformation is easier now, and these idiotic theories can spread just as fast as actual fact."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
k3sqdr
|
those gelbag handwarmers with a piece of metal inside that you snap, and can reuse after boiling the bag
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ge4vqif",
"ge4vags"
] |
[
"These handwarmers contain a supersaturated solution - basically there's waaaaay more \"chemical\" in that liquid than there should be When you snap the metal, it disturbs the solution - the solution suddenly \"realises\" that there is too much chemical and is like \"I can't be a liquid, there's too much of me!\" so it starts becoming a solid. That starts at the point where you created the disturbance and spreads out, kinda like each solid part is telling the liquid around it that it too can be solid This process is \"exo-thermic\", meaning it outputs heat as a sort of by-product. You can reverse the process by giving the heat back to the solid, by boiling it in water. Makes it liquid again End ELI5 --------------------- I am not a chemist, and its actually really hard to simplify supersaturated solutions. I hope someone can clarify this a bit more! From what I recall, in certain conditions you can dissolve more of a solid into a liquid than you would otherwise be able to do. Dissolved the normal maximum - saturated Dissolved more than the normal maximum - supersaturated But this is... unstable? So disturbing the liquid causes it to suddenly solidify, resulting in a hardening process. Boiling it raises the temp to a point where it can now dissolve more solid or something, so it becomes a liquid again"
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cv6qnx
|
How exactly do big international companies like apple avoid paying taxes (or just at a very low rate)?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ey27imf",
"ey2b41g",
"ey27ds7",
"ey2exfv",
"ey2bzfj",
"ey28xfl",
"ey2cusw",
"ey2bjg7",
"ey2e2oq",
"ey2io6f",
"ey2ba6k",
"ey2h304",
"ey27rdw",
"ey2d5o6"
] |
[
"Very highly paid accountants and lawyers. The world is a mish-mash of taxation and accounting schemes which all have to interact with each other as money transfers over local and national borders. Wherever you have a differing taxation system you have an opportunity to reduce the tax you pay through clever accounting and making it appear that your profits originate in a place where the tax is at its lowest. Let's take a hypothetical country A called Lowtaxland that has a very low tax rate, but not many customers, and country B called Hightaxland which has a much higher tax rate, but lots of customers. Then let's in introduce hypothetical company called CleverTraders Inc that wants to reduce its tax. Let's say CleverTraders Inc is in the business of manufacturing and selling beverages of some kind. CleverTraders Inc sets up in Lowtaxland and then also sets up another \"independent\" company in Hightaxland called Shellsell Ltd (this new company would be a subsidiary of Clevertraders, Inc., but would have an independent balance sheet). Instead of doing it themselves and selling their beverages in Hightaxland, Clevertraders Inc gets Shellsell Ltd to do it for them. Shellsell Ltd is required to buy all the beverages they resell on to customers from Clevertraders, Inc. which owns all the intellectual property to those beverages. When Clevertraders, Inc. sells its products to Shellsell Ltd, it does so at a crazy price, far higher than what could ever be normally justified (so creating justification is where the expensive accountants come in). Shellsell Ltd that is actually selling the product to customers in Hightaxland is bringing in huge amounts of money, but is making almost no actual *profit* (i.e. what is taxed) because almost everything they take in is going towards paying Clevertraders Inc for their products and licensing. Clevertraders, Inc. by contrast, is making huge amounts of profit from selling their extremely marked-up beverages not to the consumer, but to Shellsell Ltd., but because Clevertraders, Inc. is located in Lowtaxland, they get to keep a much higher percentage of the profits vs if they themselves sold to customers and made profits in Hightaxland. In other words, by shifting where the profits are made, you can reduce your overall tax burden that you pay on those profits. For a real-world example, here's an interesting article on how Starbucks in the UK has never made a profit, because most of their revenue goes into services to the parent companies: URL_1 This is just one way of doing it. Hire expensive accountants and lawyers, and they will find other ways. Edit: This is a very, very simplified example of just one mechanism. As u/zjh31 and others point out [here]( URL_0 ) there are attempts to curtail this via mechanisms called transfer pricing, but they're way too complicated for a top-level ELI5. If someone more knowledgeable than I wants to take a stab at summarising them, i'll gladly link the post here."
] |
[
8370
] |
[
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cv6qnx/eli5_how_exactly_do_big_international_companies/ey2bf8c/",
"https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-britain-starbucks-tax/special-report-how-starbucks-avoids-uk-taxes-idUKBRE89E0EX20121015"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
er2pu1
|
How can popular social media websites handle the large amount of network requests its users put on their application at once?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ff0l42v"
] |
[
"If your device is the user, the website has many servers running it. And between you and those servers is something called a load balancer (often multiple machines, acting together), which help to balance the load. Let’s say a server can handle 10 requests at a time. But there’s 1000. There may be 100 servers running the website, and one machine between those 100 and you, to allow everyone to use the site simultaneously."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7hmi86
|
Why are text and disclaimers in ads/commercials allowed to be so small?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqs5h3j"
] |
[
"The FTC governs this. There are not rules on exact fonts or sizes allowed, but the disclaimers must be in the same manner as the offer (ie, if the offer is text, the disclaimer must be in text, if the offer is verbal, the disclaimer must be verbal as well). The standard for being applicable or not is \"is it clear and conspicuous\". obviously this is hugely subjective, but it doesn't mean \"does it really stand out\" only \"would a reasonable person be able to notice it and, if they wanted to, understand it\". some disclaimers that are too unnoticable have been legally challenged and ruled against. you can notice most disclaimers, and if you try, understand them. The companies fudge the rules as much as possible to get is as small as possible while still probably being allowed."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8e0no4
|
What does dying of "natural causes" mean?
|
You just get old and your body says "peace"?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dxrhrby",
"dxrkchk",
"dxri39q",
"dxrhmcf"
] |
[
"Essentially what happens is the body looses the ability to fight off common bugs, bacteria, and the wear and tear of living. The little things all pile up as little problems leading to bigger problems until the body just stops. Generally speaking there is not specific thing that kills them, but a ton of little things. Like a cold with a weak heart while also having a lung condition. Who’s is to say what actually went first. Ergo natural causes. On a personal note It is actually quite frightening to think about how statistically I will die from a ton of little diseases after cancer takes out my ability to fight."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8ncst8
|
What's so special about skin to skin contact?
|
I've heard it's good for newborn babies, and stimulates the production of certain hormones, but why is that?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dzum7qg",
"dzuqs18"
] |
[
"Just like hunger, it helped us survive in the past. Our body rewards us for doing something that is helpful to survival. Just like eating salty, sweet, and fatty foods feels good, or sex feeling good. Touching reinforces social bonds, and it's a way of showing trust without words. No matter if it's a parent & child, your fellow cavemen living in close quarters, or your friend with a spear that has your back as a sabertooth cat circles you. You might be a caveman that has no formal language, but touching gets the point across that you are a friend."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6dwql5
|
Why are some body parts such as the nose made out of cartilage, and not bones?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"di5yjsj"
] |
[
"Cartilage and bone both provide structure, but where bone provides load bearing strength and body cavity protection (thorax and cranium) necessitating hardness, cartilage is better suited to provide support to moving parts (ie connections between the ribs and the sternum) and is easier to repair than bone so is better suited for non-load bearing portions of the body that require only moderate levels of support (ie nose, ears, trachea, etc). That said, cartilage is also the precursor to bone so, especially in older age, some cartilage will begin to \"ossify,\" - that is to become bone. Source: My wife recently broke my nose."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
nybb1t
|
How do large ships survive being tossed and heaved by waves on a rough open sea without breaking apart?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h1jaq01",
"h1j95xz",
"h1k0trt",
"h1jdyx6",
"h1jqwac",
"h1kaks4"
] |
[
"Two answers: 1) They don't always survive. Ships are lost every year to heavy seas. [And sometimes it turns out that a particular design or model of ship is particularly vulnerable.]( URL_1 ) 2) There are centuries of shipbuilding and sailing experience that inform ship design. Combined with modern design tools and materials, and ships can be designed to withstand huge loads from waves (like dynamic loads of up to 50+ atmospheres in severe conditions). [You can read more about how ship design in this paper.]( URL_0 ) Unfortunately, there aren't global standards for ships and, as I mentioned, ships do in fact break up all the time."
] |
[
249
] |
[
[
"http://shipstructure.org/pdf/2007symp09.pdf",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_ship"
],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMNhO8dKJjQ"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
61xy9n
|
If your brain has no pain receptors, why do brain freezes, migraines, and headaches hurt?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfi6rv6",
"dfi728j"
] |
[
"The brain itself doesn't have any pain receptors, but it's surrounded by lots of different tissues (muscles, nerves, blood vessels, membranes, etc) that do have them. So you can still feel pain in your head, it's just not being sent directly from your brain tissue."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ecz7tj
|
Why is Great Britain one team at the olympics, but in football they play as England, Wales, etc. ?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fbemcsd"
] |
[
"The world cup is not technically played between countries but football federations. Back in the day England Wales and Scotland all created their own federations."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l2waaf
|
Why do brokers allow people to short stocks, what’s in it for them?
|
I understand what shorting a stock is and how a person can benefit if they get it right, but why would a broker let me borrow their share? What happens if I make a loss and can’t buy back the share for the broker?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gk8ifi0"
] |
[
"They charge you for the privilege of shorting their stock. That is what is in it for them. If you make a loss, they expect you to pay for it. They will limit how many shares they allow you to borrow based on how much they feel you can pay back."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
c6vmm3
|
How are ratings measured? Is there some sort of signal sent to the network after I tune in to watch?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"esbgekr"
] |
[
"They don't *know*, exactly. Ratings are an extrapolated statistic based on some fraction of the population who has volunteered to have their TV fitted with a device which does indeed send such a signal. If 7% of the people that have devices like that are watching something it's estimated that 7% (plus, minus, and/or multiplied by a *bunch* of statistical corrections to adjust for the age groups and viewing habits of people that decide to get a ratings box installed) of the overall population is watching, so about 20 million. Note: this is for traditional broadcast television, for online streaming each viewer does send back a signal."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
datv37
|
Why does the suction wind from the back of the fan feels weaker than the wind blown out by from the front of the fan?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f1u8umd",
"f1vdpt2"
] |
[
"Focus, the air being drawn in is from a wider area. Kind of like the water in and out of a funnel."
] |
[
99
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7y61w1
|
How do they calculate the probability for genetic traits?
|
In the linked post apparently the odds of a lobster being split colour are 1 in 50 million. How are they able to calculate these odds? Is it to do with the possible genetic combinations of the genes that are involved with the shell colour? Or something else entirely? [x-post/this is what a split lobster looks like]( URL_0 )
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dudwwed",
"due00pl",
"due3q2t"
] |
[
"First of all it's an unsourced claim, so It's likely bullshit to begin with. If the genes responcible are well known people can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation and similar methods working backwards to calculate how common certain genes are based on how common certain traits are in the population. After you have those numbers you can calculate how likely a combination of genes is to create a specific combination of traits. The lobster in question may or may not be a [chimera]( URL_0 ) which complicates things further. Genetics has a lot of terminology and math, so it's hard to make an answer less vague without going into many other topics."
] |
[
67
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ir5610
|
How do they take the bones out of chicken and other boneless meat?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g4warcs",
"g4wjuo3"
] |
[
"They use knives, to make boneless chicken thighs or the like. When something is marketed as \"boneless\", they are marketing the work the butcher did, not the source product the butcher worked on."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lp29bp
|
why did the battle flags of Northern Virginia and Tennessee become known as the confederate flag?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"go8xu9j",
"go906y2"
] |
[
"The is not a single national flag for the Confederate States of America. There are three. The first one \"Stars and Bars\" 1861-63 do not look like the battle flab but the one adopted in 1863 (\"The Stainless Banner\") and 1865 (\"The Blood-Stained Banner\") contain the battle flag. 1863 is the battle flag upper left corner and the rest of the flag is white [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 ) The first national flag has a problem in that it looks like the US flag so the was easy to confuse in combat. So the battle flag was used and become popular and later adopted as the national flag. The distinctive look is a reason it was used later by people but often stretch to a rectangle like most other flags. The battle flag was a square, variant used today is closed to The Second Confederate Navy Jack. I would also say that the battle flag looks better than the \"Stars and Bars\" as a flag. That is if you discredit the symbology of it."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags\\_of\\_the\\_Confederate\\_States\\_of\\_America"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
atn285
|
Humans races and colors
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eh24ej3"
] |
[
"Differences arise over time through random mutations. DNA is kind of fragile, and it can change from time to time."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
82w2ia
|
Why Do Most Alphabets In Western (All?) Countries Have Capital Letters?
|
I understand nowadays it's used for proper nouns, but was that always the case? If so, why? I can't imagine it would be to make things easier to parse when reading, like if I wrote "he went to greg" any readers aren't going to be confused and wonder if this person has gone off to either meet a human, Greg, or gone off to greg himself. In addition, as a follow on I suppose, why are some capitals so distinctly different whereas others are just the letter but more big. Like you've got : * A = a * Q = q Then it's the apparently perfectly shaped letters: * U = u * V = v Why?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvd9twr",
"dvda5ko"
] |
[
"Majuscules (capital letters) was once the default for absolutely everything. Once we transitioned to primarily writing with ink on paper the minuscules [developed as letter forms that were a bit better suited to those writing methods.]( URL_0 ). Then we started mixing in majuscules as a form of emphasis and it eventually turned into the \"bicameral\" scripts we know today."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zO6r_Hqi0Ak"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hydbpa
|
Why do we sometimes fail to notice small cuts and wounds until we see them, at which point they start to be painful?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fzc67e8",
"fzcf9zt",
"fzc698t",
"fzcb0j2"
] |
[
"I typically dont notice them until they start itching, or until some dirt gets in there or something."
] |
[
26
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d4jr4h
|
How are human remains “unidentifiable”?
|
I feel like this is stupid question and I just can’t brain today but here goes... This came about while I was reading about 9/11 earlier (am not American) but I’m now questioning a lot of things. Anyway, I read there’s still something like 1,000 human remains yet to be identified from that day; so how does that work in any case? If we know who is unaccounted for and there are bodies, why can’t they be matched up?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f0dahbt",
"f0d7zsv",
"f0dcvll"
] |
[
"Cop here: I'll try to avoid being super graphic, but sometimes people get so pulverized and mutilated, there aren't big enough peices to figure out who or where they came from. Many years ago there was a plane crash near my city. Officers and firefighters were roaming a large section of fields and woods, looking for remains. What they did was carry several dozen little orange flags, and just stick them next to whatever looked like it came from a person. Not every body part can be traced back to an individual person. DNA can be easily ruined, and most people don't have their DNA on file."
] |
[
16
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9i2qca
|
What is an ocatve in music terms?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e6gcvrs"
] |
[
"An octave is an interval of two notes that are seven steps apart (notes 1 and 8 of a scale... hence the word *oct*ave). There are only seven different letters used for musical notes A B C D E F G and then it wraps around and repeats. So an *octave* are two notes with the same letter again. **C** D E F G A B **C**. Octaves are special because they define the beginning and end of a scale. Plus in terms of sound frequency, the higher note is exactly twice the frequency of the lower note. Two notes with simple ratios between their frequencies are very consonant. There is a *lot* more but in the interest of ELI5, I will stop. More questions?"
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5sj2yb
|
With advances in camera technology, especially in the phone and handheld market why hasn't webcam quality improved also?
|
Even with "1080p quality" webcams, its seems the generally quality of webcams seem bad, why hasn't webcam camera tech advanced in the same way as Mobile cameras or Go-Pro's
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddfhzle"
] |
[
"First, they definitely have. Second, you're probably using either a shitty/cheap webcam, a shitty/cheap laptop, or an ultrathin laptop without space in the lid for a decent camera. Edit: This article from today is an example of innovation in the Industry: URL_0"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"http://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/2/7/14531452/logitech-brio-4k-pro-webcam"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
gvffqj
|
Why can't we just build higher to solve housing problems?
|
Was looking out the window and this thought came to me. There doesn't seem to be anything apparent (other than money) stopping us from building higher, so why can't we just build one extremely tall building instead of multiple shorter ones to solve housing?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fsobimw",
"fsob5ha",
"fsodf7n",
"fsobq3g",
"fsoezef"
] |
[
"Many cities do. But the taller you buildings get, the more expensive they are to build and maintain, so not just anyone can simply build higher. Furthermore, many cities, especially smaller suburban ones, have ordinances preventing buildings from exceeding a certain height. They are afraid of tall apartment complexes ruining the aesthetics of their city."
] |
[
27
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
bhijbz
|
Why was there a crime wave around the world through the 80s and 90s?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"elt7s5f",
"elt7dox",
"elt8ask"
] |
[
"It suggested in the Freakonomics book that abortion being legalized, and easier access to birth control decreased the crime rate. So the opposing, crime wave, would be suggested to be children born to mothers/families that couldn’t/wouldn’t take care of them. Obviously the world was changing at the time as well with family dynamics."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead–crime_hypothesis"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7yy29w
|
Why does chocolate taste so bad after it melts and cools down again?
|
I found some M & M’s in my pocket that I sat on in a 6 hour car ride home from Chicago yesterday that coagulated (??) again but they taste like shitty mothballs. Does anyone know why this happens?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dukvd0m",
"dujxvs1"
] |
[
"Master Chocolatier here. There isn't a lot of actual chocolate in an M & M. Melt real chocolate (e.g. mostly ground cacao with sugar), let it resolidify, and it will taste pretty much like chocolate. The texture will be odd, but that's just because the chocolate is de-tempered (randomly recrystallized) and is fixable by re-tempering. I enjoyed Stuff Matters by Mark Miodownik, btw, but much of his chapter on chocolate was inaccurate."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ettx5a
|
How do salts make us more buoyant in water?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ffij8vq",
"ffiisw2"
] |
[
"Water with dissolved salt is denser than pure water. This helps us float as the heavier water makes us more buoyant."
] |
[
29
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7l2eyv
|
when you squish a bug, why does yellowish goo come out instead of organs and red blood?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"drixw11"
] |
[
"Some insects don't use the same oxygen transport molecule (hemoglobin) that humans do, instead preferring other molecules that are yellow, green, or blue in color. When you kill them, the blood is greenish. Many species do have red blood though, they're not all the same. Organs are tiny and well secured to the inside wall of the exoskeleton so they're unlikely to come out in any discernible way. Insects don't have veins and arteries but rather are basically filled with that viscous \"blood\", so you typically see that when you crack the exoskeleton open."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8w69wa
|
What would actually happen to your eyes if you stopped blinking completely?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e1t19bt"
] |
[
"Your eyes would dry out and crack, become infected, and eventually rot right out of your skull. If it didn't kill you then the open wound would eventually scar over."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5w3l7k
|
Why does our body twitch when we are about to fall asleep, thus waking us up.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de71bgm",
"de71gaj"
] |
[
"When you sleep your muscles going into a state of paralysis to stop you moving around too much in your sleep. Your brain is sending signals to check if your muscles are still responding"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fdhlhp
|
Why do addicts need more dopamine to feel normal?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fjhhpze",
"fjhpbff"
] |
[
"The dopamine rush you get when you take drugs far exceeds the normal amount in the brain so when you get off the drugs it's not necessarily that you need more dopamine it's that your brain equates the levels you had on drugs as normal. This results in your brain craving what it \"thinks\" its lacking."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bs0jjw
|
confusion on ssl certificates
|
I feel like I have a very flawed understanding on how ssl certificates work here so thought I would explain how I see it here so anyone can correct me. As far as I understand, Bob has a certificate issued by the certificate authority and encrypted with his private key to prove to Alice that she is indeed receiving a message from Bob. However, what is to stop Eve from getting Bob’s encrypted certificate and then when Alive wishes to talk to Bob (although Eve is playing man in the middle - so Is actually talking to Eve) she gets back a certificate that looks like it is from Bob (but actually from Eve) and as far as Alice is aware, is talking to Bob upon decrypting with the certificate public key Am I missing something here? Or is my understanding of it totally wrong - thanks to any replies
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eohzm37",
"eohy08j"
] |
[
"Slightly simplified, it works like this: An SSL certificate contains a public key and is signed with the CA’s private key. So it looks like: > Bob’s public key is ABCD. < CA signature > Bob sends that to Alice when she connects. Alice has the CA’s public key on her computer, so she can verify the signature when she gets it. Then, Alice generates a random encryption key, encrypts that key with Bob’s public key, and sends it back. Bob decrypts it using his private key and the rest of the conversation is encrypted using that key. Eve can pretend to be Bob and send his certificate to Alice instead, that works fine. However, when Alice sends back the key to be used for the rest of the conversation, Eve can’t decrypt it, so she can’t establish a working connection to Alice."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
aayb2z
|
Why did controllers in the 80s and 90s require calibration? How come we dont need to calibrate controllers now?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ecw15sk",
"ecw039o"
] |
[
"The way older joysticks were built, the software had no way of knowing where the 'center' was, and how far the joystick could move before it hit max tilt - so it had to measure those values itself. (Similar to taring a scale). These days there are little chips inside the joystick which know those values through factory calibration, and will deliver normalized output to the PC."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
e7e5dq
|
How can a plier open a fastner (exert more force) whereas barehands cannot despite the plier is controlled by hands itself.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f9y8y9w"
] |
[
"The reason this works is mechanical advantage. To understand here is a simple experiment. Take a book and hold it next to your heart. Then take the same book and hold it with your arm held as far away as possible with your arm straight out. The mechanical advantage is because of a simple machine called a lever. The book weighs the same and it is the same arm, so why does the book feel heavier when held at arm's length away? The reason pliers work is at the joint (the place were the two pieces are stuck together) has two in equal lengths. The handles are long and the jaws (the grabbing part) are short. When you apply force onntte far end of the handle with your hands, you are magnifying the force at the ends where the jaws are. The jaws have more force because of the mechanical advantage. It is the same reason the book feels heavier. The amount of force generated by the book does not change but applying the same force at a distance causes greater rotational force. When using pliers grab them as far away from the joint as possible for maximum force, when you swing a hammer, hold it at the bottom of the handle to maximize the efficiency of hammering. When you carry heavy objects keep them as close to your body as practical. I hope that helps. To learn more look up URL_0 The type of machine is a lever."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7os50u
|
How can 2 different metals create a micro current between them?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dsbt4vg"
] |
[
"electrons like to move. Different metals have different electronegativities. When near enough to each other metals can have a very very slight electromagnetic imbalance. this can make electrons move from one area to a more favorable area to them. This movement of electrons on a tiny scale is a micro-current."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kto5a8
|
If we’re made entirely of atoms and atoms never touch how do we feel different textures/fabrics
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gin5uog",
"gin62ot"
] |
[
"\"Never touch\" is sort of a misnomer. If we zoom in enough, atoms aren't like billiard balls. They're more like clouds that, while more concentrated in some areas, diffuse smoothly out with no sharp edge. So \"touch\" isn't really a well-defined idea at that level - in some sense, every atom in your body is \"a little bit\" everywhere in the universe, although \"a little bit\" here is so little that it is zero for all intents and purposes. We don't actually need to zoom in quite that much to talk about touch, though, because even if the electrons in the atoms of your hand *were* billiard balls, they still create an electric field around them because they carry electric charge. When another object with the same electric charge gets close (say, the electrons in the atoms of your desk), it's repelled because two of the same type of charge push one another away. For a more macroscopic version of this, take two magnets. If you glue Magnet A to your table, and then hold Magnet B, you can \"feel\" Magnet A by moving Magnet B around even if they don't come into direct contact. While magnetic fields and electric fields behave somewhat differently (in a sense they're two pieces of one underlying thing), this should at least give you a sense of how you can feel a thing without making direct contact with it."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
f6yx2q
|
How are people able to always fall asleep quickly, but others usually take much longer?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fi7y0xw",
"fi861f8"
] |
[
"The process of faling asleep starts much sooner than the moment you lay down and close your eyes. Eating or drinking sugar or caffeine in the evening can make it harder to fall asleep. Watching a screen (tv, PC, tablet, mobile etc) has a similar effect. But the main issue is stress. Stress can have a serious effect on falling asleep and on your sleep itself."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
h9tc1g
|
If black holes are a point singularity then how can one have distinct properties from another, mass, angular momentum, charge and such.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fuyr73g"
] |
[
"Those \"distinct properties\" are actually net properties. Black holes are **not** point singularities. They have a specific width, both their event horizon and their actual surface."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
65cz60
|
Why does movie studios rename movies to another english title when the movie is launched in foreign countries?
|
One example would be the movie "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales", which is translated to "Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar's Revenge" when the movie is launched in Sweden. In Sweden, were Swedish is spoken, it would be logical to translate the title into Swedish, but why translate the title to **another English title**? Pirates of the Caribbean is not the only example.
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dg98tfe",
"dg9eweg"
] |
[
"It was renamed in other countries too, including much of Europe. Likely it has to do with trademarks. For example, *Zootopia* was renamed *Zootropolis* in a couple of countries because there was already trademarks out there for the first name."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
79jokn
|
Why do ice cubes crackle when liquid is poured on them?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dp2hlj7"
] |
[
"So most things expand when heated and retract when cooled. Because ice is already so cold, when you pour a liquid on ice, the surface that the liquid hits will instantly expand, and the rest of the ice doesn't have time to catch up. The top surface expands from heat and the rest of the ice remains cold and doesn't expand. Suddenly, boom, the ice cracks. Tl;dr: Thermal shock."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7ns7dc
|
why do jails not allow nude pictures or lewd magazines for inmates.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ds44mz7"
] |
[
"It becomes used as money, which promotes gambling and drug use. Same reason they removed cigarettes. Inmates still use food, but that's a direct trade, and is more manageable. 1 pack of ramen costs a dollar from the canteen, and is worth a dollar for the inmates. A magazine might cost $3, but each picture in it, becomes worth $1 to the inmates. The pictures basically become cash at that point."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
82z9n1
|
How are large planks/sheets of wood made, such as ones used to make doors or walls? Obviously trees aren't big enough to cover that much wide area often, so how is it done? If there a particular process used?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dvdvedk",
"dvdvk07",
"dvdwzfa",
"dvdve7d"
] |
[
"There are absolutely trees big enough to make a door from. But generally they're made of multiple pieces joined together so it resembles a solid piece."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[
"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSgXFUUMlI-8XtZ8CsPsx7OaCAQOHZKrxRxpehSkrmwcoBoOONa",
"http://www.carllswoodproducts.com/images/plywood052307-2.jpg"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l520ey
|
Why are protons the only stable baryons?
|
And why is almost all "matter" in the universe (that we can ever interact with) composed specifically from protons, neutrons, and electrons? Would it be possible to have a proton analog that's composed of a different arrangement of quarks and how would the 'chemistry' of those particles work? Would it be analogous to what chemists study today if we somehow had matter made of other analogs of protons and neutrons? Asking as someone super-interested in both physics and chemistry. I know this is more in the physics-domain though.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkrtbf5",
"gkrvu81"
] |
[
"Protons are the only stable baryons. Neutrons have an average \"lifetime\" of about 15 minutes, as free particles. Certain combinations of protons and neutrons can make some stable nuclei for most elements of the periodic table. (Lucky for us!) That's the only reason we ever get \"stable\" neutrons in those energy-favored combinations. You might be super interested in this [list of baryons]( URL_0 ) So, for example, you can search there for \"charmed omega\" and \"double charmed omega\" and \"bottom Xi\" to see their status in the zoo of particles. There won't be any stable arrangements of heavy quarks, though, so the very rapid decay of those particles will make them unsuitable for building an atom to enjoy."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_baryons"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
li4597
|
if the sun produces white light that then refracts into other colors when it enters our atmosphere, why does it appear yellow in photographs from space?
|
Explanation can be more complex, I don’t mind :)
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gn0zx4f",
"gn117xr",
"gn11sgs"
] |
[
"The Sun *emits* white light, which is actually a composite of all of the visible frequencies of light. (A prism shows you the visible frequencies of white light.) The distribution of solar frequencies is uneven, the most intense frequency is in the yellow-green part of the spectrum. All of the visible frequencies mixed together produce white."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/light-wavelengths.html"
],
[
"https://cosmic-watch.com/cosmicbeta/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/sunfromspace_c.jpg",
"https://cosmic-watch.com/cosmicbeta/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/sunfromspace\\_c.jpg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/how-hubble-images-are-manipulted-2015-3"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7208pw
|
How do software updates like iOS11 speed up the phone?
|
How do software updates speed up the app transitions, closure of apps etc. In my very basic knowlede of computing, the hardware, dictates how powerful/fast a .device is
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dnerc6x"
] |
[
"The hardware will determine the maximum performance. How fast a app or the operation system depends on hot the program code is written. There are multiple ways to write code that do the same thing and it is usually the case. The simplest and fastest way write code often will result in a slow program. If you spend more time on the code you will likely find a faster way to do it that might be more complicate but the program will be faster. Here is a [BBC video]( URL_0 ) that in a simple way explain that that different algoritm can take different time to do the same thin. It it not exactly the same as how speedup of a OS works in most case but is illustrates in a nice way that the the speed of a programs will depend of how it is written. It is often the case that the program that translate the code to what runs on the hardware (compiler/interpreter) get faster. It takes time to optimize it for a new CPU etc and the engineer that writs it have now had time to make it faster. There might also be another reason is that for different reason the phone gets slower and slower over time because of how data is stored etc. It might be the case that a"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOKVwRIyWdg"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
nub1xt
|
where does watery snot from a runny nose come from?
|
I am always surprised at the amount of watery liquid that comes from noses when it's cold outside or due to allergies but where is that stuff coming from? Like is there a reservoir of fluid somewhere in the head, or is it being glooped out of cells or out of the blood stream? Or something else?!
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h0wggu6",
"h0wl5ko"
] |
[
"It's mucus, which is secreted by the mucous membranes in your nose--all the individual cells contributing a little bit, which is why there can be so much."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
64h0wo
|
Why do some actors and musicians become known by their middle names as well as their first and last names?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dg25qhi",
"dg23d0w",
"dg234qw",
"dg23fif",
"dg2452o"
] |
[
"It's all about marketing. John Tolkien sounds like a guy you Bowl with. JRR Tolkien sounds like a guy who can take you to the depths of fantasy. Michael Fox sells you insurance, but Michael J. Fox is *somebody*. Some names don't need it: Leonardo DiCaprio is just fine. But if his name was Leo Smith, he'd probably be Leonard Wilhelm Smith (his actual middle name). Clint Eastwood, George Clooney, and Matt Damon (two first names stand out) are fairly unique and stand out on their own. But Neil Harris? I think that's my pharmacist. Neil Patrick Harris is definitely not my pharmacist. Sometimes it might be more marketable to use your middle name as your first: William Gable might be the dean of a college somewhere. But we all know who Clark Gable is. Bill Pitt doesn't get invited to the same parties as Brad. Chris Kutcher is much less catchy than Ashton Kutcher. How do you market Die Hard if it stars Walter Willis? The same way you market Top Gun starring Thomas Mapother IV. (All names in this paragraph are real). If your name is bad enough, they'll advise you to change it: Norma Mortensen can't be fixed by making it Norma Jean Mortensen, so they just change it to Marilyn Monroe so she doesn't sound like she should be your aunt. For actors, musicians, etc., their name is an important part of their image. Bands choose a cool name (do you think \"James Hetfield and Friends\" would have sold as many albums as \"Metallica\"?) Edit: another good example is Evan Rachel Wood. I wouldn't make out with Evan Wood. That's a male porn star name. Try being a guy in high school in middle America and telling your friends \"Evan Wood is hot.\" But Evan Rachel Wood? That's always going to fly."
] |
[
105
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gordon-Levitt"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l3y9zs
|
How your body makes sure you don’t fall out of your (or any) bed while sleeping
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkjp7u0"
] |
[
"You actually can fall out of your bed, because short moments of tossing and turning are possible when you're not sleeping deeply. The urge to do more than just turn around usually only comes up while dreaming. During that phase two different brain systems keep body muscles from moving so you can't act out your dreams. When there's something wrong with these systems it might lead to sleepwalking and other disorders. Today we still haven't fully understood what's happening in our brains, so it's hard to be more precise."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
al90wr
|
How do pilots write text in the sky?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"efbwjb0"
] |
[
"An on off switch controls the \"ink\" and I wager pilots are familiar enough with flying and navigating that it's not an issue. Like writing letters in freshly fallen snow using your car, any seasoned driver could manage that without additional tools."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d2dvuw
|
why is heat good for helping cramps?
|
everytime i get stomach cramps i am always told to use a hot water bottle, and it does help, but how?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ezu8po5"
] |
[
"It makes the muscles release from it's firm state, so putting like you said a warm water bottle makes the muscles relax a lot easier. Which is also why you when you use cold things on muscles they firm up."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
72jm9w
|
Why do robotic arms for amputees move so slowly? How can we make them faster/more responsive?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dniyuk6"
] |
[
"We could, but the problem isn't the mechanical part, it's controlling the limb. There are a lot of different ways a prosthesis can interface with humans. Most of them are not accurate enough to allow faster/more responsive movements without destroying accuracy. Also, movements that require proprioception/some sort of feedback are a lot harder to do with an artificial limb."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8i5rxj
|
Why do brain cells die so quickly compared to other cells which can go hours without oxygen/circulation?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dyp2a2h",
"dyp7pkx",
"dyp28rr"
] |
[
"Heart tissue also dies really fast. The parts of your body that use a lot of energy die really quick when their energy source is cut off. Your brain uses a massive amount of energy compared to just about everything else in your body. This means your brain runs out of reserves long before your other organs and once out of reserves (with no extra energy arriving) it starts to die off."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7v08an
|
Why can't we hold our breath to death?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtohdel",
"dtohgwq"
] |
[
"It is. You are correct. Deprived of oxygen to the brain a person will lose consciousness. Without the forced stoppage of breathing the autonomic system takes over (breathing is default, rather than *not* breathing, you don't have to decide to breathe it just happens) and the person will not die."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c5zssj
|
Why for most sports Olympic gold is the top achievement, while in boxing Olympic games are considered an amateur level?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"es56hjo",
"es56g0z",
"es580jv",
"es56he8"
] |
[
"Because most Olympic sports don't have the potential for their athletes to earn hundreds of millions of dollars. If a top pole vaulter could make $80m by going head to head on pay-per-view with another top pole vaulter, nobody would care about Olympic pole vaulting."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mk58h9
|
How does a country switch its official language?
|
When the ottoman empire turned to turkey they switched the language from arabic to turkish and when the soviet union collapsed the countries it produced switched from russian to an independent language. But how does that process work , we're talking about millions of people switching their language.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gte4wnn",
"gtdyph5"
] |
[
"I can speak for the Soviet Union, having been born in it. Bilingualism, and trilingualism in some places, was already the Soviet norm so at the official level, all it took was to remove Russian from official use in places that didn't choose to keep it official alongside their language. Those that kept it, such as Belarus or Kyrgyzstan, didn't have to change anything. There are major differences across the ex-USSR in the proportion of local language vs. Russian usage in everyday life, but even native Russian speakers were taught the local language at school. Language rights and the level of official recognition of Russian continue to be highly contentious issues in some of the former Soviet republics that dropped Russian; Belarus stands out as having the opposite problem—Russian drowning out Belarusian in much the same way English is drowning out Irish in Ireland. In the end, no-one really had to learn another language overnight."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7fg18d
|
Why do certain websites load several times in your browser history, so that when you click the back button it doesn't do anything?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqbl3nu"
] |
[
"Because they are assholes, and don't want you to leave the website by hitting the back button. BTW you can right click the back button, and choose a location from the history that pops up."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c8zp27
|
Why are waves different in different parts of the world?
|
Why are waves bigger or more consistent in certain parts of the world in comparison to other areas?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"esrhqi0"
] |
[
"Different ocean current, different winds, different coasts. All have influence on the size and shape of waves"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
a146k2
|
how do slow motion cameras at high FPS counts work?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eamm4pg",
"eamlwla"
] |
[
"A traditional camera may record at 60 frames per second. Which means you have 60 images in one second of record time. Each image is taken at 1/60th of a second intervals. For a cameras with higher frame rates, more images are taken in a second at much smaller time intervals. Alot of times more light is needed when recording at higher frame rates due to the very small exposure time. This is why you usually see high speed set ups with lots of bright lights."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lgh95z
|
Humans have spent countless years domesticating and selectively breeding crops in order to get the best possible produce, such as bananas and watermelons. So why is there still a giant ass pit in avocados even though basically every other crop is selectively bred for the best attributes?
|
I just thought of this and couldn't find anything on the internet as a cause for this phenomenon.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gmrejww",
"gms15v9",
"gmrhunk",
"gmrfmpr",
"gmsznha",
"gmspu1y",
"gmrmiti",
"gmspiy9"
] |
[
"It takes time to breed plants for the traits you want, especially when avocado trees don't bear fruit for 5 to 13 years. That's a long time to wait. Avocados until recently had giant pits that took up most of the fruit. So the smaller pits we see now are a big advance on what they used to look like. Over time, the pits will get smaller and smaller and the edible part will get bigger and bigger. Sometimes you still get avocados in the store with ginormous pits, and other times with quite small pits. Check out this video that shows (near the end) wild avocados. Some are tiny like olives, others are larger but mostly pit, just a small layer of edible stuff. [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 )"
] |
[
130
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUrB4EiJmhE"
],
[],
[
"https://calisphere.org/collections/27013/?rq=Avocado%20"
],
[],
[
"https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.mic.com/p/avocados-should-be-extinct-not-ubiquitous-heres-how-they-survived-29898741/amp",
"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/why-the-avocado-should-have-gone-the-way-of-the-dodo-4976527/"
],
[
"https://nypost.com/2017/12/12/taste-testing-the-crazy-new-seedless-avocado/"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
61z90u
|
Why does it "hurt" when you swing at a baseball but miss?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfifes2"
] |
[
"Basically your brain analyses from past experience how much force you need to swing with to hit the ball, and usually goes overboard because you want to hit it hard. If you're just swinging in the air without an aim to hit anything, you're using less force. Not connecting with the ball means the bat has excess force from the energy you put into it, making it swing further than expected because the force hasn't been transferred to the ball, and overextending or otherwise stretching our muscles which causes the pain."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
apeych
|
How does adderal make people with ADD focused, but makes unafflicted people hyperactive?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eg7sizz",
"eg88nbs",
"eg7svjy"
] |
[
"So you’ve got two people with chicken nuggets. One has dipping sauce, the other doesn’t. The one who has sauce can eat their nuggets. The one who doesn’t has a hard time. Their nuggets are dry and tasteless. If you give some sauce to the one who doesn’t have any they can eat their nuggets just fine, like the other person. But when you give the person who already has sauce *even more* sauce, they eat all of it, and the extra sauce gives them a sugar high. People with ADD don’t naturally produce enough of certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, specifically the neurotransmitters dopamine and epinephrine. Adderal mimics the missing neurotransmitters and allows the person to function normally. But if you give extra dopamine and epinephrine to someone who already makes plenty, it’s going overstimulate them."
] |
[
29
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
afpnh5
|
If you brush your teeth at night and don't eat anything until morning, what are you really cleaning when you brush in the morning before eating breakfast?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ee0ixrg",
"ee0j0gb",
"ee0j89j"
] |
[
"You are cleaning off the bacteria that grow and thrive on your teeth and gums. During the day, you do introduce more food (stuff for bacteria to eat and live in) into your mouth, but at the same time, saliva and water counteract those effects to a degree. While you sleep, you aren't producing as much saliva, which allows those bacteria to get a better foothold inside you. This also explains why we wake up with morning breath, which I would think is a self-explanatory and rather pressing reason to brush upon waking."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8l30hy
|
How are stars able to burn so intensely for billions of years?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dzcepvs",
"dzcf3fc",
"dzcg4gi",
"dzcj9j5"
] |
[
"Because they are really really really really really really really really fucking huge. Like, however big you think a star is you are wrong because they are an order of magnitude bigger."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9zk327
|
Why do humans prefer the taste of cold/cool water compared to warm water?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ea9t771",
"ea9u682"
] |
[
"If I had to guess, maybe fresh running water is generally cooler than a stagnant pool? Probably an evolutionary thing."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a0bcn0
|
How do brain transplants work?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eagajeu",
"eagazlq"
] |
[
"If it was possibly then it would be a body transplant because the brain IS the person. It's not possible though, at least not today"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
o6gaxs
|
Why does the hadron super collider need to be super massive in order to study subatomic particles? And why is it called the ‘super collider’?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h2s8cui",
"h2sahed",
"h2sa5di"
] |
[
"It doesn’t need to be super massive. It needs to impart a lot of energy to subatomic particles so when they crash into each other we can study the results that otherwise are not observable in nature. One way to impart a lot of energy to a particle is to accelerate it; it does so by using strong EM fields; and because our current level of technology allows us to make such strong fields only with very large equipment…we end up with a lot of massive equipment."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6l0w86
|
What exactly is that feeling when you dry swallow a big pill?
|
I took some moderately sized pain relievers in the middle of the night without water, and the entire day I've felt like I have something stuck in my throat. Why is that? I've drank water all day and I'm positive I don't have anything stuck in my throat.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djq9aq0"
] |
[
"You should be careful, picture a mostly dry cup, and pouring flour in it, the flour adheres to the moisture on the walls, and that's the same with the chalk residue or gelatin on the outside of the pill. I use to not care, and take pills mostly dry, until I heard how common it is for a pill to stick to the side of your esophagus and actually give you chemical burns depending on the type of pills. Long story short, always chug some water with a pill, water after it's stuck will just wash over it."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
e0nq9x
|
Why does orange juice need to be refrigerated before opening, but other juices/juice blends are shelf stable before opening?
|
Comparing the refrigerated section of juice to the non-refrigerated section, it seems like orange juice is the only juice that can't be found in the non-refrigerated aisles. Is there something about orange juice in particular that makes it go bad at room temperature, even when sealed? And if that's the case, how come whole oranges don't need to be refrigerated?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8fcr4d"
] |
[
"OJ is usually not sold in sterilized units, because the intense heat of full sterilization ruins its complex flavor."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
aftpme
|
Are all wild animals helpless to fleas, ticks, and parasites their whole lives?
|
Aside from domesticated animals or those in captivity, do animals have any way of combating parasites?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ee1bxmb",
"ee1me76",
"ee1c5jp"
] |
[
"Wild animals tend to either try to scratch things off like ticks for example, or they try and clean each other. But they basically never get rid of fleas and parasites when they catch on to them."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
bvox04
|
How do mathematicians measure pi to over 200 million digits?
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eprcqoe"
] |
[
"It's calculated by supercomputers. There's a few infinite series such as the Gregory Leibniz series that can be used to calculate the exact value. The current record is 31.4 trillion digits, calculated by Google on this π day"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8jhiy2
|
Is salt really a “flavor enhancer” or does it just make foods taste saltier?
|
I hear chefs and people who cook a lot say salt brings out food’s natural flavors. Does it actually do this or just add a salty flavor and therefore enhancing the taste?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dyzrugv",
"dyzrbfr",
"dyzzk9n"
] |
[
"Salt is an electrolyte and an important nutrient. It is a “flavor enhancer” in a way, in that it draws water out of living cells. If those cells carry chemicals we can taste, the taste is made stronger, because it's no longer bound up quite so tightly to whatever we're eating."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
akffhb
|
Death Valley sailing stones.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ef4enva",
"ef4erj8"
] |
[
"The current thinking is that thin ice sheets form in freezing overnight conditions. These slide over the surface and push the rocks along. The [Wikipedia article]( URL_0 ) covers it very well."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_stones"
],
[
"https://youtu.be/cmWc200yMoQ"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ktcxe9
|
Why/How/When did capes go out of fashion?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gilbral"
] |
[
"Capes are used to keep you dry and warm when outside. The main difference between a cape and a coat is that a coat have arms but a cape does not. This makes capes cheaper and could even be quickly fashioned from other things for example a sleeping blankets or tent canvas. However when we got a very advanced cloth industry the price of sowing on the arms became low enough that it did not make much practical difference. So people would rather spend the tiny bit of extra money on a coat rather then using a cape. One of the last uses of capes in high fashion was maybe when wearing clothes with fancy arms. If you stuck your arms inside a coat you might ruin your attire so people would instead wear capes. You might still see capes used in this way but quite often you would use a coat and just drape it over you like a cape to avoid ruining your outfit."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7r3go2
|
Why do new towels suck at drying you off, but older towels do great?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dstwt58",
"dstvxu8"
] |
[
"Also, why do new towels leave its weight in lint on your body after drying yourself?"
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[
"https://i.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7981w2/eli5_why_are_air_dried_towels_more_absorbent_than/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6da22x/eli5_why_really_soft_towels_do_not_dry_you_off_as/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7981w2/eli5_why_are_air_dried_towels_more_absorbent_than/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/780x48/eli5_why_do_towels_that_feel_so_rough_on_the_skin/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l5ldes
|
What happens when you pair and/or reconnect bluetooth devices and why does it never work reliably?
|
What's the internal process like and how can I ensure it to work as expected. I work in IT, but in general, it's arcane witchcraft to me..
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkvh9mc",
"gkuxkfv"
] |
[
"There’s no way to ELI5. This is just way too complicated. Google “frequency hopping spread spectrum”. Bluetooth basically acts like a radio where both the receiver and transmitter are randomly changing channels constantly, in sync with each other by clocks. It’s really a miracle it works at all."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5y2ryh
|
Why do Hydrogen bombs produce a far more devastating explosion than Atomic bombs?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"demoxrj"
] |
[
"There's a pit of Hydrogen in the middle of the fissionable mats at the core, then when is compressed, it super heats to the point of fusing the H atoms, which release Neutrons back to the Pu. This in tern allows for more of the Pu to go through fission and release more energy. A regular fission (Atomic) bomb doesn't get the extra neutrons, so less of the material and go through the fission process and therefor, less energy is released. More details here if you'd like: URL_0"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[
"http://www.livescience.com/53280-hydrogen-bomb-vs-atomic-bomb.html"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9kekxh
|
How do free apps make money?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e6yib7e",
"e6yq2is",
"e6ykpea",
"e6ylfyi"
] |
[
"Community donations. Biggest one I can think of is Signal. It's completely open-source, doesn't have ads, doesn't sell your information. It's just entirely run on community donations."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://time.com/money/5088086/hq-trivia-money/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
g8faeo
|
Why are some plural and singular forms of a word the same?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fonb59k"
] |
[
"Irregular verbs are generally the oldest verbs we have and come from proto-indo-european language where generally they changed the vowel sound to indicate tense. So a word like read can have a changed vowel sound but you don't need to change the spelling to make the change. Later proto Germanic language invented a new way to signify the past tense. By adding letters to the ends of words like -t or -ed. As new verbs were added to the language they followed this new rule on creating tense. Now the interesting thing is that irregular verbs make up only 3% of verbs but they are generally used more than other verbs. We have to memorize irregular verbs and if we don't use them enough we will forget that they are irregular. So overtime irregular verbs become regular. Example are slew vs slayed or holp vs helped. Over 3/4s of irregular verbs have become regular over time. There are some regular verbs that have become irregular but that is way less common. We even predict that then next word to become regular will be wed. So instead of saying newlywed you would say newlywedded."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
n11ecv
|
Why we can't use astronaut suits to explore the deep ocean ?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gwa3rey",
"gwa42tg",
"gwa4pbr"
] |
[
"Astronaut suits are designed to contain pressure inside while still being able to move. In the ocean it's the opposite, outside pressure is much higher than inside. An astronaut suit would be crushed underwater."
] |
[
30
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
67h3qt
|
Why do buses stop ON the railroad tracks?
|
It would make sense to me if they stopped BEFORE the tracks. Sometimes gates and lights at the railroad crossings fail, and buses are long vehicles that might get hit by trains which shorter cars would be able to get past. But many times I have seen them stop right atop the tracks, front tires on one side, rear on the other. The driver is literally in the path of the train, and they stop and open the door, I'm assuming for "safety". Most buses have pretty poor acceleration; if there was a train coming, they probably wouldn't be able to do anything about it quick enough. Furthermore, I'd think you're increasing your risk by stopping, because a mechanical failure when you're idling means you're not going anywhere. Am I wrong?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgqhyuc",
"dgqb51v"
] |
[
"Buses are required by law to stop before railroad tracks and look for oncoming trains before crossing, just as extra precaution since buses carry so many passengers (or maybe because there can be a lot of noise so the driver may not hear a train whistle). If the bus is stopping on the tracks, then the bus driver is doing it wrong."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
crydeh
|
Why haven't we adopted Electric Cars yet now that we know that they are more Eco Friendly and overall less costly than the regular ones?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"exarqgj",
"exaseke",
"exarm1s",
"exb0ist"
] |
[
"Not everyone can afford to just buy a new car. They only just became affordable a few years and even then most people can't afford a new one. It took a long time just for the technology to become reasonable for consumer use, now the market needs to become reasonable for consumer spending"
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9tnxcc
|
How do WiFi signals get transmitted and received by that specific device?
|
If there is a room of devices connected to a router all using the WiFi connection, the signals are all over the place right? How are the signals transmitted to be received by device A not being captured by other devices? Or are those signals also being received by the other devices, but discarded when it's determined that it was not meant for their IP?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8xqz9q"
] |
[
"Every network device have a unique MAC address designated to it. Each transmission includes the MAC address of the sending device and the receiving device. If the receiving MAC address does not match the MAC address of the device it is ignored. You can get software that can, depending on the network interface, sniff all data and display it to you. If you are using encryption the data is also encrypted with a unique key for each device so that anyone else would just get encrypted traffic."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
67is6t
|
What does the new Oklahoma bill "allowing universities to sue sports agents" actually do?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgqq8if"
] |
[
"Background: NCAA athletes are amateurs and this amateur status is strictly policed. When they receive benefits inconsistent with amateurism, even from 3rd party actors, the school can face sanctions from the NCAA in order to leverage schools to maintain institutional control in this regard. New law: The school can sue the 3rd party actor for damages. Sanctions like lost scholarships and post-season bans can seriously hinder an athletic program's income generating capacity. This law authorizes suits against 3rd parties who cause these sanctions. For example, if a booster is paying a football player under the table and the NCAA bans the school from bowl games because of it, they can sue the booster for the money they would have gotten for a bowl game."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l0hgvf
|
How does gravity really work?
|
Like, I know things with mass attract eachother, but why? What specifically makes them do that?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjtjzai",
"gjy1v8d"
] |
[
"Hi! The bets theory of gravity we currently have is General Relativity (GR), which is a geometric theory of gravity. That is, gravity is not modeled as a force in GR, but rather as the curvature of spacetime. # How does Gravity work in General Relativity? To understand how a curvature of spacetime can lead to the effects we observe around us, we have to understand how curved surfaces change the behaviour of straight lines. First things first: an object that has no force acting on it is force-free. Force-free objects do not accelerate and, therefore, move along straight lines. In a flat geometry, two straight lines which are parallel at one point will remain parallel for all times. That is, two parallel straight lines will never cross on a flat surface. So far so intuitive, right? But what happens, if those straight lines do not move across a flat surface, but instead along a curved surface? We call such straight lines on curved surfaces [geodesics]( URL_2 ). Imagine a [sphere]( URL_3 ) with two lines perpendicular to the equator. As they are both perpendicular to the same line, they are parallel at that altitude. Imagine two objects that are moving along the lines perpendicular to the equator. They start out parallel, and move in a straight line upwards. Despite the fact that neither of them is turning, the two objects that started out moving along parallel lines will meet at the north pole. Hence, despite the fact that both objects are force-free at all times, they experience relative acceleration. Such trajectories, that lead across curved surfaces without turning are called [geodesics]( URL_2 ) and they can be thought of as straight lines on curved surfaces. Objects under the influence of gravity follow geodesics. As energy curves spacetime, geodesics can experience relative acceleration despite the fact, that both objects following said geodesics are force-free. And this relative acceleration of force-free bodies is what Newton mistook for the gravitational force. According to GR, though, there is no force, only curvature which causes force-free objects to move along paths that *seem* accelerated to outside observers. #Why does energy curve spacetime? The [Einstein Field Equations]( URL_4 ) tell us, that the source of curvature is given by the [stress-energy tensor]( URL_0 ). However, GR generally does not tell us *why* energy curves spacetime. The rather unsatisfactory answer to *why mass-energy curves spacetime* is, that physics generally does not provide causal explanations, only descriptions. General Relativity is a model of reality, it is not reality itself – just a representation thereof. And this model yields accurate predictions if we model spacetime as a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold that is curved by the presence of mass-energy. And since it yields accurate descriptions, we continue to use this model until we find an even better one. ----- For a great video on the basics of GR, check out [this]( URL_1 ) video by PBS Spacetime."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93energy_tensor",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NblR01hHK6U",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic",
"http://pi.math.cornell.edu/~dwh/books/eg99/Ch06/3776c40d.jpg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein_field_equations"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
dfvynh
|
how do hydraulic presses and hydraulics in general work?
|
I wanna know
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f366edj"
] |
[
"Imagine you're in a rectangular room with two movable walls that are on opposite sides of each other. Now imagine you're in this room and it's packed *full* of people. One wall starts moving inwards. What happens is the people closest to the moving wall will push those around them, and they all push each other until the wall on the opposite side moves outwards to make room. This is how hydraulics work. You can try this out with a simple experiment. Get 2 syringes and fill one full of water and fully depress the other (such that it is empty). Now connect their openings together tightly (a rubber tube is best). Depress the syringe full of water and watch what happens. The syringe stoppers are the movable walls. The water are the people inside. The syringe tube are the remaining 2 walls."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8yvsna
|
What exactly is happening when lightning strikes and electricity drops out for a second?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e2e489p"
] |
[
"The lightning causes a power spike on the line. There are protective circuit breakers that open to help prevent damage. The breakers have automatic reset circuits in them so they don’t have to constantly be manually reset. In the event the breakers opened for something other than a transient spike, like a downed line/tree branch on the line, the auto reset circuits will only allow so many resets in a certain period of time before they stay open."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7lu4vp
|
Is eating stuff off the floor good for your immune system?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"drp1b52"
] |
[
"Think of you immune system as your body's soldiers. In order to get better at combat, they have to train. The way they do that is overwhelming germs. So, if you get a small amount of germs in your system, your body attacks it - at first it loses a lot. But then it gets stronger. For instance; when you get a flu shot, the Doctor shoots a small amount of the flu virus into you. Your soldiers attack it and learns how to fight it. Later, if you're exposed to the flu - like kissing a girl or boy with it, you get it, but your body knows how to defend against it. However, sometime viruses mutate and your immune system starts having troubles again. At this point, your doctor might give you steroids to help your body stay strong while it fights off the virus. When it comes to bacteria getting into your body, its basically the same thing, accept the Doctor can give you antibiotics - which are kinda like a Mercenary Unit coming in to help your soldiers fight. Unfortunately, antibiotics don't work on viruses. So they tend to be harder to fight off. Now, when you don't wash your hands or eat food that's dropped on the floor, your body can fight these germs, but usually there's simply too many germs to defeat - the immunity soldiers never get a chance to learn how to fight them. They just get attacked and overwhelmed. Like if the doctor gave you too much of a flu shot. At this point, your body calls out the nukes - it raises your temperature (sometimes too high) and opens your pours. This starts burning out the bacteria or viruses and flushing everything out through your pours - fever and sweating. You also get really tired because all your energy is being utilized to fight your sickness. This is also why you need to make sure you drink plenty of liquids when you're sick - you'll become dehydrated if you're not careful."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dc8v1v
|
How can cancer cells destroy healthy cells and thus kill you?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f26lpxr",
"f26m0ev",
"f26xa05"
] |
[
"Cancerous cells are cells that don't die off and they keep growing and multiplying and eventually interfere with organ functions. This interruption of normal function is what usually leads to complications and then death."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
m8td35
|
how do we know the entire universe is expanding, and not just our region of it?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"grj9f3s"
] |
[
"Totally possible, just very unlikely from what we know now. There's no evidence that suggests that the expansion is dependent on some position, but a ton of evidence that it's everywhere that we looked so far. Nothing we \"know\" is absolute truth. But if a theory matches the observations every time and nobody has ever seen something that contradicts, it's *likely* to be true."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6zyeo7
|
Why do people say pizza is unhealthy? It has all of the food groups.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmz0c4h",
"dmyzj1r",
"dmyzmvm",
"dmz0q2y"
] |
[
"\"Food groups\" refer to the food pyramid which the USDA stopped using in 2011 because it gave people way wrong ideas about how to eat healthily. Foods are not inherently bad or good, it's all dependent on lifestyle and diet. For most people who eat pizza, it is very easy to overeat and consume way more calories than appropriate for a single meal. 2 slices would be a normal size meal. How many people do you think eat *only 2 slices* when eating pizza? That's the problem."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7b69cz
|
Why is it so hard to make a current-gen console emulator?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dpflhvq",
"dpfiy0z",
"dpg0roa",
"dpg7wgh"
] |
[
"An emulator is a program which uses a computer to pretend to be a different computer or console. When you run programs natively on the console, you push a button and the console calculates a response. When you push a button in the emulator, it can't just calculate a response directly, because that response won't be in the same format the game expects - instead, the emulator has to do extra work to decide *how the console would perform that calculation*. If one of your friends asks you what your favorite candy is, you can answer immediately. But if they ask what your *brother's* favorite candy is, you have to think about it for a minute. Similarly, an emulator needs some extra time to do those extra calculations. But games need very rapid responses, so pushing a button has an immediate effect. That means the emulator needs to run on a computer which is a lot faster than the hardware it's emulating. Not a big deal when you're using a modern quad-core processor to emulate a Super Nintendo. But modern consoles use a lot of the same components as modern computers, and are roughly the same speed. That means there's not really any time to do those extra calculations."
] |
[
517
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8aw4eu
|
If a cruise ship (or similar) goes down in the ocean, what options are available to recover the passengers and crew?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dx21vp2",
"dx22wjw",
"dx298ti"
] |
[
"Lifeboats are going to be option number one. Cruise ships are supposed to have more than enough lifeboats, and each lifeboat will have enough provisions to allow people to last a few days. That is enough time for rescue to arrive by sea."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
o7a9pm
|
Why do we need salt to "pull" the flavor of things we cook?
|
Shouldn't things have their own taste and flavor (like they do), so why do I need to put salt in every single recipe? I've been watching videos about cooking lately and I've been thinking that if paprika, chicken, cheesse, rice, tomate sauce, pasta and whatever have their own "signature" taste (and salt) and you mix all of them in order to taste them...why do I need salt?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h2xjbvn",
"h2xlxit"
] |
[
"Salt chemically reacts to make other things taste better in our mouth, Salt blocks bitterness and enhances sweetness."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ioo05n
|
Why Is nuclear fission for power so frowned upon?
|
I understand that you have to bury the radioactive waste somewhere, but other than that what else is wrong with it? Like it is much less destructive than fossil fuel plants and much more cost effective than solar and wind, so if the only issue is the waste, couldn't we put it in leaded containment things and put it somewhere uninhabitable like Antarctica or the mariana trench? Or if it eventually gets cheap enough, out of solar orbit?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g4f10r9",
"g4f1t19",
"g4f09ir",
"g4f1tdr"
] |
[
"The waste is easy to keep on earth under safeguards for today, or this week or this year, but we don't have very good ideas about how we're going to go about keeping those safeguards in place on timescales in the millennia. We might go extinct in that time, or records of the dump sites could be lost or forgotten or destroyed. There are linguists and semioticians who have written at great length about [how we might go about crafting a \"warning sign\" for our toxic waste sites]( URL_0 ) which could be seen and understood by any conceivable observer - keeping in mind that that observer might not know any of our written languages and might not even belong to our species! Launching it out of orbit, into deep space or into the Sun, would work great if we could do it reliably. And our track record at putting payloads into space is getting *pretty* good, but the catastrophes that could result from a botched launch are just unthinkable."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-time_nuclear_waste_warning_messages"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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