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742xnj
|
Falconry Experts - What methods do you use to teach a bird of prey to hunt alongside humans?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dnvpxp8",
"dq3y2ak"
] |
[
"We overcome their natural fear of people by teaching them that hanging around us will lead to them getting fed. They are entirely motivated by fear and food. They are not like dogs or even horses or any domestic animal that can develop feelings for you like love or like. They don't like to be pet. They only respond to positive reinforcement, not punishment like dogs. You can't tell a bird of prey \"no!\" They are wild animals. They learn to cooperate with you for food. Eventually they are conditioned to trust a person or people because nothing bad happens when the person is around. The caveat is that even a few days of not interacting with the bird and keeping that association fresh will cause it to revert back to its natural fear of people. There is a lot of nuance, instinct, skill, and experience required on the falconer's part to do this correctly. Check out the California Hawking Club or North American Falconers Association websites for more in depth information or beginner book recommendations if you're interested in learning more. Tl;dr Hunger and patience lead to trust and cooperation, although temporary without regular repetition and reinforcement of the desired behavior."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l0j24a
|
If water is a conductor and eletric eels are eletric, how come you don't get shocked just by being close to them on water?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gjtq3jt",
"gjtqpn9",
"gjuhw56",
"gjtqr82"
] |
[
"As this is ELI5, I won’t get into too much detail. Basically it is the same reason you don’t get shocked in the air. The eels can only shock from a certain distance away due to the electricity being displaced. Also, nothing is a perfect conductor so there is bound to be resistance. That’s why every single fish doesn’t die when an eel shocks the water."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/rkWfxOp6m9w"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hlumd8
|
how are first responders, soldiers, etc. trained so that they remain calm and act immediately when encountering unexpected events that would probably shock/traumatize others?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fx1jafc",
"fx1edle",
"fx1d8vp",
"fx1ekxw"
] |
[
"Have a clear plan in the head, e.g. A checklist. This comes from training. This plan is so engrained that its almost like second nature. E.g. Memorising a song. Your first event will be shocking, might self doubt, fumble, forget parts of the checklist you dedicated so much time to memorising. The more events you respond to, the easier it becomes and the more automatic it is to rehearse the plan or deviate from the plan based on the needs. Its just like any other job, you get better by doing it over and over again. They don't train you to be desentisized or ready for shock. They do train you to be prepared to adress the situation at hand. Then it all falls into place."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
f19eiq
|
What happens when we run out of helium?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fh2q5wz",
"fh36bzg",
"fh3bmwh",
"fh3ey50",
"fh2s4s9",
"fh34vs0"
] |
[
"You're thinking of The national helium reserve. The helium reserve was initially filled from harvests from natural gas deposits. It's currently vented off when harvesting natural gas because it's not economical to keep it. When it starts becoming economical to keep it again then it'll start getting harvested again."
] |
[
37
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_internal_heat_budget"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/FoyT-M3UuGs"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6z4en9
|
How does the higher education system work in the US?
|
I live in Brazil and things here are fairly simple. If you want to become a doctor, you simply go to Med School. Lawyer? Law school. I never understood what's the difference between university and college. Also, what is an undergrad student? How does it differ from being a grad student?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmsenff"
] |
[
"There are four types of degrees you can get in the US: associates (about 2 years of study), bachelors (about 4 years of study), masters (a bachelors + 2 additional years of study), and doctorates (a bachelors + 4-6 additional years of study). You may have noticed that the latter two categories require you to complete a bachelors degree first. Students working towards these degrees are called \"graduate\" students because they've already graduated and got a degree, but they're continuing their studies. Students working towards an associates or bachelors degree are undergraduate students. Generally, a school that only offers associates degrees will be called a community college. A school that offers bachelor's degrees will be a \"college\" and a research institution that offers the graduate degrees will be called a university. It's not always true though. A college may decide to offer some graduate degrees and not change their name. The term \"college\" can also be used to describe a subsection of a university- the various engineering departments may be joined together into a \"college of engineering\", for example. Professional degrees in the US are all graduate degrees- either a masters degree (business and social work degrees, for example) or doctorates (for medical and law students)."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
f6x0if
|
Why could the USA government not provide health insurance in the same way that all the companies do? Except it is all just run in the same department of government.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fi7j8qu",
"fi7kpw2",
"fi7ko9k"
] |
[
"They could. The money would come from taxes which would be payed instead of insurance premiums, copays, and deductibles."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
awfukq
|
Why does revenge feel so good?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ehmbunt"
] |
[
"Some interesting Buddhist-style imprecations on here, but I'll offer my own thinking that revenge is an adaptive behaviour. & #x200B; Many intelligent animals have a sense of justice, it's been shown time and again that animals including chimps, ravens, dolphins, and your humble *H. sapiens* have a sense of fairness. Not only that, but animals will punish or exclude individuals who cheat or are unfair with others. Perhaps the satisfaction of revenge stems from a desire to punish an injustice?"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mzvtvq
|
Why is it difficult to pee with an erection?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gw31g9p",
"gw37gkv",
"gw347il"
] |
[
"There's an internal \"valve\" that connects the urethra (pee tube) to either the testes (for semen) or the bladder (for urine), but not both at the same time. For hopefully obvious reasons, you don't want to mix the two. Normally, with an erection, it's set to \"semen\". Biologically, we're not setup to pee with an erection. That's why it takes a while and conscious effort to pee with an erection, the \"valve\" needs to reposition. When that happens, you've got a different fluid traveling through the erection than it was intended for and the fluid mechanics are all wrong because the tissue around the urethra is still engorged and pushing/distorting the urethra away from it's normal flacid shape. Basically, the penis is still set for \"semen\" but you're running urine through it. Semen is \\*way\\* thicker than urine, so it behaves definitely exiting the urethra."
] |
[
57
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ki2fn3
|
What slows down computers and phones over time and why won't a memory clear restore them to their former glory?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ggohww8"
] |
[
"The hardware does not get worse, slowdowns happen because of software changes or just your own expectations causing a placebo effect. If you continue to update software then new versions are harder to run. This is because new computers have excess power to be able to run these more difficult programs. People who write the programs want to include new features and these new features require more work from the computer. For mobile devices, it could be different. Manufacturers have more control over the OS and can intentionally slow them down. Also, due to the power restrictions of using an old battery, it is possible that processing power must be limited to prevent energy problems. I believe the iPhone did this."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c7yrud
|
How does the insurance company determine the value of my car in a settlement?
|
A guy hit me and totaled my car. It is a 2009 Kia Spectra5 with about 138k miles. All was good in the car except the head liner started sagging some. They are working on determining a value for the settlement. How do they determine that? How do I know it is fair? Should it be comparable to the KBB value (private party value)? Is there something I need to know or be aware of in this process? Thanks in advance 🚘
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"esia06f"
] |
[
"Kia made a lot of Spectras in 2009. The insurance company will look at data on cars that are available on the used car market, mostly tradeins and from places like CarMax. They will try to find 2-3 cars that are about the same miles as yours, and then adjust for differences. It's pretty accurate, as used car prices are pretty stable. What they don't factor in is that you knew how well your car was taken care of. Some other Kia might have been in all sorts of horrible conditions, and if you went over to test-drive it you'd likely say \"this car is junk in comparison to my car\". Alas, your car isn't worth that much to anybody else, who doesn't know how you've cared for it, and it's unlikely you'd get more money from your car had you tried to sell it. Private party value is usually higher, factoring in that you wouldn't sell a bad car to somebody at work, so you're not going to get that much."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
jijxpz
|
Can someone explain volts, watts and amps please? My interested is sparked!
|
Guys n gals, Can someone please explain the role of amps, volts, ohms and watts in either basic electrical and non electrical terms? Many thanks!
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ga6wx8u",
"ga6x4yn"
] |
[
"Water is a really good analogy. Instead of a wire carrying electricity, imagine a pipe carrying water. Amps is how much water is flowing through the pipe. Volts is the water pressure. Ohms is how much water pressure is lost going through a pipe. Watts is how much energy the water stream has at the end of the pipe."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6aebuo
|
Why do spicy foods make you sweat and make your eyes water?
|
So I'm eating Chinese food and sweating and have no idea why. ELI5
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhdw2iq"
] |
[
"So, from my simple knowledge of Chinese food, the spiciness can be from two sources: the \"hot pepper\" spice and the \"horseraddish/wasabi\" spice. \"Hot pepper\" spice, like that from seeds of peppers and such, is due to capsaicin. When an animal eats something with capsaicin, it causes the neurons in the brain to say \"something is burning!\", which is why your tongue feels like its burning. The burning sensation in turn causes your eyes to water and your body to feel warm because that's just the response. \"Horseraddish/wasabi\" spice is more of an enzyme reaction: the enzyme is doing stuff to repel you from eating it. The plant does that to survive. Burning and tingling come from a similar reaction: your body thinks \"something ain't right\" and does stuff it thinks will correct it. Someone with a better knowledge of culinary biology can likely correct me on the parts I'm wrong in. I just did some quick Google searches and am typing quickly because I ought to be studying right now."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9tadjs
|
How come sometimes the same foods make you have more gas than other days?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8uqie2"
] |
[
"Stress, how fast you eat, how hydrated you are, and what activity you do after eating can all change the way you digest something and effect the amount of gas you have."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
798prf
|
Why are screen resolutions like 1920x1080 rather than 2000x1000?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dp03g4f"
] |
[
"Originally, the standard was 4:3 since several experiments found that the human eye’s field of view (FoV) was of the same ratio (155° H x 120° V). Hence it was continued as the standard for film, camera and later for TV as well. Now, Hollywood industry had to be something different compared to the home television. As a result, Hollywood came up with widescreen movies with more picture content which created the wow factor and was successful in drawing back crowds to theaters. Since there was no standards body back then, several aspect ratios started cropping up across different film houses, some of the popular ones being Panavision ratio of 2.20:1 and a much wider format called CinemaScope of ratio 2.39:1. This way, Hollywood managed to get back its audience for movies, while casual viewing at home like soap operas & news continued with the 4:3 ratio. Going forward, to accommodate this wide array of aspect ratios under a singular standard, the geometric mean of the extreme ratios (1.33 & 2.39) was taken at approx 1.78, rounded to whole numbers as 16:9. This was done to efficiently cater to all the aspect ratios under the same screen by minimizing the presence black bars across the entire ratio spectrum. Following this 16:9 ratio, screens were manufactured. The resolution or detail (1280x720, 1920x1080) was just a measure of the horizontal and vertical pixel array size and correspondingly, picture clarity."
] |
[
25
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9sl3pc
|
How do our cells know what to do and if there's something that tell the cells what to do, how does that something know what to tell the cells and so on?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8plwp2"
] |
[
"Simply, the DNA contains the instructions for all cellular responses, everything from replication to repairing damage to converting air/water/food into useable proteins. I’m not a scientist, but I have taken a couple of biology courses over the years."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
64e483
|
What is the mechanism that wireless devices use to generate electromagnetic waves, millions per second?
|
I heard it has something to do with electrons moving back and forth really quickly..how does it do this exactly?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dg1lmur"
] |
[
"Electromagnetic waves generated by our current generation wireless technology (what are called \"transverse electromagnetic waves\" or TEM), are thought to be alternating areas of (relatively) strong electric field followed by strong magnetic field followed by strong electric field, etc. The change of intensity of one type of field leads to the creation of the other type like ripples of water on a pond (this phenomenon was explored by Michael Faraday, and described mathematically by James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Heaviside etc.) It follows from their discoveries that charging up a metal conductor (like an antenna) and discharging it rapidly can lead to these TEM waves rippling outwards. Charging and discharging is actually just another way to say \"electrons moving back and forth\" (though they actually move quite slowly), and every time these electrons change direction, another wave ripples outward. How do you charge up and discharge an antenna rapidly? Well you need some way to connect it to the positive side and then negative side of a battery (or other source of voltage) millions of times per second. The positive side will suck electrons off the antenna, and the negative side will pump them back on the antenna (this may sound backwards but isn't, electrons are negatively charged and hang out in greater numbers at the negative terminal of a battery). Modern transistors (essentially electrically controlled switches) can switch on and off millions (and billions) of times per seconds, and so are great for this. To do this switching, they only need a small electrical control signal, which is changing exactly as fast as you want the antenna to charge and discharge. These transistors that do the actual charging/discharging are called \"amplifiers\", because they amplify the power of the small control signal to give the antenna a stiff charging and discharging with each cycle. But how do you make a small electrical signal change millions of times per second? For that you need what we call an \"oscillator\". In modern radios this is usually a special arrangement of transistor amplifiers put in feedback with each other to create an electrical \"ringing\". You know how putting a microphone up to a speaker causes a screeching sound? That's what we call feedback. Same idea, just a much higher pitch screech. We can even change the pitch of the screech electrically by using neat tricks. One circuit that does this is called a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (or VCO), and it uses a neat trick with a diode that lets us easily pick different \"channels\" to broadcast on (you know, all those different spots on your radio dial). VCOs are not known for making really pure and pitch-perfect tones however, so like a singer before a performance we tune them up. In the radio world, our electrical tuning forks are made from precisely cut pieces of quartz crystal surrounded by yet more transistors. The transistors help keep the fork ringing as long as there is power in the battery. We use precisely cut quartz for this, because when tickled properly it can \"ring\" electrically with a very pure tone (and pure tones are very important - they help the cell tower pick your phone out from the crowd). So there you have it. Today's wireless devices start with a pure tone generated by a quartz crystal tuning fork, that is used to tune a screeching-feedback VCO. The (now much cleaner) tone from that VCO is then used to control amplifying transistors, that charge and discharge a piece of metal, that causes ripples of electromagnetism to radiate outwards."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
h0q8vi
|
What’s a dimension?
|
In the sense that physicists refer to when they discuss a 4th, 5th, 6th dimension: - what does it mean to exist in another dimension? - what kinds of things would you find in another dimension? - what would said other dimension be made of? - how many other dimensions are there? - would this number differ between planets (could there be more dimensions on Jupiter than Earth, or is there a maximum possible number of dimensions across the universe?) Edit: thanks everyone!
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ftnm2pd",
"ftnlj48"
] |
[
"A dimension is just a number that you need to accurately describe a point in spacetime. I might say to a friend meet me in the building on the corner of 1st Street (X) and Lincoln Avenue (Y). I'll be on the 4th floor (Z) and I'll be there at 1:15pm (T) So to accurately describe the point in spacetime that I'll be I need three spatial dimensions (X,Y,Z) and one time dimension (T). When phycisists talk about extra spatial dimensions they are speculating that on the very tiniest scales (far, far tinier than an atom) there may be additional numbers needed to accurately describe a specific point. The reason they wonder about this is because in the math of String Theory, if you add a certain number of additional spatial dimensions you get a very elegant model that can theoretically unify two of the biggest separate areas in physics - General Relativity (which describes Gravity) and Quantum Field Theory (which describes pretty much everything else). Dimensions in physics are not some kind of alternate or parallel \"reality\"."
] |
[
45
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
crnagv
|
Why does math has theorem but other disciplines only get to theories? Are there theories in math?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ex74hk2",
"ex71wp5",
"ex7d5uq"
] |
[
"Yes, the closes thing is called conjectures. [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) A math theorem is analogous to a law in natural science."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[
"https://brilliant.org/wiki/conjectures/"
],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8jnqik
|
How do sculptors create marble veils with details underneath?
|
I have seen quite a few marble sculptures of people with veils, and they are always extremely detailed. How do sculptors achieve this layered effect?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dz1kg18",
"dz119lg"
] |
[
"It’s the illusion of a veil, not an actual veil. They make this illusion by understanding and mastering their use of shadow in their sculpture to imply depth and texture."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Veiled_Virgin"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5xepj5
|
What are those weird plastic pieces that sometimes show up on soda cans? (not six-pack rings but these weird...blob...things)
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dehjaz7",
"dehhoiy"
] |
[
"Could be a drop of glue from the machines that glue the boxes that hold them. Could be the food grade waxy stuff they coat the aluminum with. Either way, nothing to worry about."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9o45py
|
What are the advantages of having a centralized federal government in the US as opposed to letting each state have free rule over themselves?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e7r7hgw"
] |
[
"The primary purpose of the Federal Government is national defense. It also helps maintain peace among the states. We have had one Civil War, but otherwise nothing like the wars between nations in Europe and other continents."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bfb9gn
|
REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. What causes/is the purpose of our eyes to still move during sleep when the rest of our body is nearly inhibited and our eyes are closed the whole time?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"elcdx3k",
"eldgtku",
"elcc550",
"eldzx5o",
"eldxjer",
"eldf8iu",
"eldkrgi",
"eldmzn3"
] |
[
"Short answer: no one knows. Longer answer: First of all, REM is a bit of a misnomer. The eye movements during REM are actually slower than while you're awake - they're just much faster than in non-REM sleep. There are two main ideas as to what's going on. The things you see in dreams are obviously not based on images from your eyes. These images are built in the visual centres of your brain though. During normal vision, there's constant feedback to the eyes from the visual centres to help with following something you're interested in, focus, and so on. Even though the eyes aren't sending much information to the brain, the brain doesn't stop sending feedback to the eyes based on the images it's made up. This might be the cause of REM. It makes sense, but it's not perfect. People who were born blind still move their eyes (if they physically can) during REM, in a way that doesn't match their eye movements when awake. Keep in mind that your eye nerves are directly plugged into the visual centres of your brain. Most of the rest of your body goes via the spinal chord and brain stem. There's also the idea that the REM phase of sleep might be for actively processing memory. In this view, your brain is playing back memories kind of like a tape, and your eyes are playing back the movements that went with those memories. This could be a side-effect, or it could actually help in processing."
] |
[
2724
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
e9f2t6
|
What happens if the world flips upside down. Asking for my six year old.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"faifw19"
] |
[
"It depends. Do you mean suddenly? Or if it just happened to be reversed to how it is now? If it's suddenly, then we'd all be dead. The massive change in direction would send everything flying at thousands of miles an hour. We don't feel the earth's rotating speed because we don't 'feel' speed, however we do feel changes in speed. If it just happened to be reversed, then not much would change besides climate and most likely our entire evolution and speciation. Also, if you also mean if people would be upside down or something, then no. Down and up is relative. The only real 'down' is in the center of the earth. We'd still walk around normally."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
e2uwlq
|
Why are you woozy and uncoordinated after you wake up in the morning?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8xs32j",
"f8yi355"
] |
[
"Part of it is melatonin. It breaks down after waking up due to (sun)light, which is why waking up in the dark is harder and usually makes you feel more drowsy at first. Melatonin is responsible, in part, for making you feel tired at night."
] |
[
40
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d3nqzb
|
What would happen if all the frogs went extinct?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f03zd3v"
] |
[
"Much the same as would happen if any broad-ranging group of animals went extinct - a bunch of other species would, in turn, go extinct. It's worth noting that \"frog\" is a hugely broad order of vertebrates. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of species that come under that description, and they exist in every country on earth. Multiple other species rely on frogs (and their spawn) as a food source. If that food source were to disappear, it would have catastrophic knock-on effects, potentially changing the global ecosystem on a permanent basis."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5szuuf
|
If the Universe is 13.8 Billion Years old - How did it grow to be 46 Billion light years wide?
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddj1tms",
"ddj1lql"
] |
[
"URL_0 Look at this video, it will explain well with visualisation. But basically, space itself is expanding. You can't really calculate the speed at which space expand, but you can use two point of reference (a star and our solar system for example). What happen is that every volume of space is expanding, so the more distance between these two object, the more volume of space there will be between the two, more volume that all expand, making the speed at which those 2 stars are getting further away faster. At some point, those two star are getting further away at the speed of light and it's at this moment that they emit the last photon we will ever see from earth. But space will continue to expand pushing that star even farther away. By the time the last photon reach us, that star will be even further away. The light from star 46 billions years away is the light that they emitted before they were getting away from us at the speed of light. And yes nothing can move at the speed of light in space, but it's the space that expand, dragging the stars with it."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/gzLM6ltw3l0?t=6m50s"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5v3oic
|
Why do most continents begin with A?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddz6m14"
] |
[
"Coincidence. URL_0 Africa is named after the Roman province of Africa, meaning \"land of the Afri\". There are several possible sources of the word Afer/Afri. America is named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci (latinised to \"Americus\"), who showed that America was a new land mass and not part of Asia. \"Australia\" comes from \"terra australis\", meaning \"southern land\". Before the discovery of Australia, this \"terra australis\" was hypothesised to exist and given this \"technical\" name. After its discovery, it was variously known as New Holland or New South Wales until the name \"Australia\" came into general use at the beginning of the 19th century and \"New South Wales\" was relegated to being the name of the first colony and not the entire continent. \"Asia\" comes from the Greek version of the Hittite word Assuwa. \"Antarctica\" simply means anti-Arctic, anti meaning \"opposite\" and not \"being against something\" here."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_continent_name_etymologies"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
k0vg1j
|
Why does black coffee taste more acidic when it cools than when it's hot?
|
This is just from personal experience, but I notice a lot more pungency/acidity with room temp black coffee than when it's hot. Is the difference because of how my taste buds are interacting with the different temp coffee, or because of the coffee becoming more acidic with the temp change?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gdkxeqg"
] |
[
"As coffee cools quinide breaks down into additional quinic acid. Quinide is a more bitter flavor chemical, while quinic acid is one of the key sour flavors in coffee."
] |
[
59
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ahz9tx
|
How the over/under in sports betting works?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eejmkqe",
"eejw0sp",
"eejmdo3"
] |
[
"You pick a target final score for a game. Then people place bets on whether the actual final score will be over that number or under that number. So if someone is taking over/under bets on a particular team scoring 50 points, if that team scores 40 points, anyone who took under wins the bet. Anyone who took over loses. People setting up these bets have an incentive to get the target score as close to the perceived predicted score as possible to balance out the number of people taking the over with the number of people taking the under, so the over/under on a game also tends to act as the popularly expected final score based on who is playing."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a8rlkt
|
how does narcan work?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ecd2w9d",
"ecd683b"
] |
[
"It binds to the same receptors as opiates but doesn’t stimulate them. It’s a competitive antagonist."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6nbg59
|
If you sank 20 meters down a glass tube full of water, would you feel the same pressure as sinking 20 meters down into a swimming pool?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dk87rgl",
"dk86pbo",
"dk87u31",
"dk8acuh"
] |
[
"If sideways water pressure was a thing, you would be in trouble if you took a swim in the ocean."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://youtu.be/EJHrr21UvY8"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cxxae5
|
How do the glasses work that let people see color for the first time in their life?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eyo352x"
] |
[
"They work on people that have overactive rods/cones in their eyes, they basically filter the wavelength of light that you're seeing too much of. Typically red/green color blindness. They don't work with people that are lacking the ability to see the colors."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
i0yknl
|
Why does cussing seem to increase our tolerance to pain when we get hurt?
|
Psychology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fzu56i7",
"fztlew2",
"fzu6pho"
] |
[
"Scientists speculate that swearing, with rarely-used expletives*, activates the part of the brain responsible for fight-or-flight reaction (amygdala). In that state, your heart rate increases and your sensation to pain is dulled (probably accompanying an adrenaline rush). Also, research shows the swearing actually needs to be “real” to be effective, too (i.e., they actually need to be real ‘taboo’ words that aren’t used all the time). URL_0"
] |
[
16
] |
[
[
"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-swear/"
],
[
"https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/06/the-f-words-hidden-superpower-repeating-it-can-increase-your-pain-threshold/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c5zm70
|
How do they know when it’s time to repair a highway overpass or bridge before it’s too late?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"es56ivh"
] |
[
"Proper and timely inspections are the key. You check for metal stress and deterioration. It’s easier to do minor repair than to build a new bridge. Unfortunately, there’s “never” enough money or resources to keep up maintenance but you can better believe there’s enough resources to float a bond election to pay for the replacement of a bridge and the general contractor for the replacement just happens to be the governor’s best friend."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mjin50
|
when ice forms, why is there a whiter inner part of it? is the whole thing the same temperature?
|
not sure what to flair this question, sorry.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gtagpwf"
] |
[
"It has to do with dissolved gases, and which parts of the water froze first. A standard ice cube tray will generally freeze 'from the outside in'. A skin of solid ice forms around the outside of the cube, and the liquid water in the middle is the last to freeze. As the ice cools to freezing, its capacity for dissolved gases goes away, and these appear as little tiny bubbles in the ice. But since they're already surrounded by ice, there's nowhere for them to escape to. So: foggy ice. If ice instead freezes from the bottom upwards, as it does in many commercial ice-making machines, then there's always somewhere for those escaping gases to bubble away to, and that's how you get that nice perfectly clear restaurant ice."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
axpkua
|
Why do buzzards circle above something dead?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ehv7ujm",
"ehv7unx"
] |
[
"Vultures are scanning the area, making sure that landing is safe, that the creature they're surveying is dead and can't fight back, so on."
] |
[
11
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b4n905
|
How are concepts in statistics different for courses like psychology, political sciences, or sociology?
|
These majors all require courses with statistical packages such as SPSS or R and they have different readings and resources. Are the materials in these courses mostly transferable, or do I need to take the specific course and use that material? Can I use a psychology course package in stats for doing sociological research and vice versa? Are there really psychology specific statistical tests that would not apply for other fields?
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ej7tglx"
] |
[
"Statistics is a branch of mathematics. The math does not change, but how you apply it does, and that is what tailor made classes do, teach you how to apply the math."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6v8pqr
|
how did comedy became different in different cultures? Why is British humor full of double entendres and American humor yelling that something is a thing?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dlyhe9k"
] |
[
"Laughter is much more effective as a group activity, and like the other comment has stated, it's more of a regional trend on what's funny and what's not. If you get a bunch of Americans together and a bunch of Britains together in the same room and put 2 comedians, both specializing in each comedy type, most people will laugh even if it's not necessarily extremely humorous. Also it may be down to the cultures. British culture is generally viewed as a more sophisticated one, while America's culture is of a more simplistic one. If you go into a comedy club and fart into the microphone, most likely more Americans will laugh than Brits."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7cvzdc
|
Meteor strikes on the moon.
|
Why is it that the Moon is clearly covered in meteor and asteroid strikes and yet the Earth has only a few over the years. I get that many strikes would get burned up in the atmosphere, but the Moon is *covered* in craters.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dpt0dg1",
"dpt0ifa",
"dpt0glp"
] |
[
"Craters on the Earth just get eroded away from wind, water, life, etc but on the moon they are permanent, only getting covered up by dust from other impacts."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8rn3yr
|
Why must clothes irons be hot in order to serve their purpose ?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e0sm4rz"
] |
[
"It's kinda like how you straighten hair the carbon bonds are weak in hair heat allows the breaking of bonds and forms it straight under the flat surface"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6ncdx1
|
Why are the ceilings in supermarkets so high?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dk8hg0w",
"dk8go51",
"dk8mq8w"
] |
[
"1) To keep it from being claustrophobic. If it had short ceilings being in isles would feel like tunnels. 2) Heat management. There are dozens if not hundreds of people in the store at any given point in time. That produces a lot of body heat. It is cheaper for them to have high ceilings for that warm air to go to and be replaced by cooled air from the AC ducts that are set lower."
] |
[
36
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
759w7s
|
If Christianity didn't originate in Europe, why is the capital the Vatican?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"do4hwl2",
"do4hx74",
"do4idyh"
] |
[
"The Vatican represents the Roman Catholic Church, not Christianity. “The Vatican” is the 108 acre plot of land in Rome, West of the Tiber River. “The Papacy” is the office traced back to St. Peter who traditionally is considered to have been buried at “The Vatican,” so could we say he was the first Pope to “live” there? The Lateran Treaty of 1929 created Vatican City as a political city state. Constantine gave Pope Militades the land in 313 AD. In 326, the Constantinian Basilica was built on what is thought by many to be the tomb of St. Peter. Pope Symmachus (498-514 A.D.) constructed a palace on Vatican land. Popes have lived at the Vatican since the return from Avignon in 1377."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hnk2z5
|
why do 3D glasses have one red lense and one blue lense?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fxbsf7n"
] |
[
"In order to simulate 3D you need each eye to see something slightly different. The simplest way to do that is with colour filters. A red lens will block blue light and vice versa. A blue object seen through a red lens looks black. Against a black wall it might seem invisible. Now you project a movie with only red and blue projector blubs - red for one eye and blue for the other eye. The two filters will keep the images for each eye separated even though the viewer is watching a single screen."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6jsah9
|
where do datacenters back up to?
|
Most companies back up to the cloud these days, which is a server in some datacenter. I am wondering: where do datacenters send their own back ups to? Do they use some off-site storage? Do they back up to different centers, maybe to some center not related to their own organization? Starts to sound like inception, but really curious how this works.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djgm80g"
] |
[
"First, \"datacenter\" doesn't really mean much in this context. A datacenter might host servers for hundreds of companies, and it's *the individual company's responsibility* to back up their data, **not** the datacenter. Hell, most companies would be mad as hell if anyone else touched their data, including for making backups! Unless you're selling data storage, that is. In that case, you can use many different strategies. Yes, you'll have geographical redundancies, and distribute the data among different datacenters in different geographical locations. You'll also have data integrity products (similar to RAID arrays). And you'll make hardcopy backups, and save them somewhere off-site. Possibly multiple places off-site."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5vcteg
|
Can someone explain geocaching to me?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"de10j9o"
] |
[
"Geocaching is like a modern day treasure hunt. Someone takes a container of some sort and places in it a log and usually some nicnacks. They will then hide that container somewhere public or where they have permission to hide it. They are also responsible for the upkeep of the container. Then they post GPS coordinates on a website that will allow others to find it. Anyone who finds it can sign the log and/or trade an item and post on the website that they found the container. There are also tiny containers that only have a log since they are too small to put items in."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hhz67y
|
Are there any animals that create music for pleasure and not mating purposes? if not, why do humans do it?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fwd34es",
"fwd4fkm",
"fwd1z2a"
] |
[
"I won't claim this is the original or only cause but I think the ability to synchronize work is a big part. We don't use it much today but it used to be that any time a big group got together to harvest a field, sail a ship, etc. we sang a lot to get everyone working together at the same rhythm. And our ability to work together is one of our fundamental strengths."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7f8jsi
|
how did people prove ownership of land/porperty before 16 century ?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqa4dr0"
] |
[
"In England, there was a lord who had a royal charter from the king to administer a certain area of the country, this lord could be a duke, earl, baron, or even a bishop. The areas controlled were small enough that they knew all the residents personally, and then they could rent out smaller parcels of their land to tenant farmers, collect the rents, and pass along a portion to the crown. So most things on the local level were done on a handshake basis. The lord of the manor would probably have to only keep track of 50 or less parcels of land, and could have a bookkeeper/overseer keep local records for him."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6kj1cm
|
Catabolysis - Why would your body decide to break down muscle for energy when it has plenty of fat stores available for energy? Isn't the whole purpose of stored fat to be used for energy later?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"djmh2kk"
] |
[
"Holy wrong and unsupported answers Batman. Short answer, with sufficient fat stores, your body converts almost no muscle during a fasted state. From an evolutionary perspective, it would have been pretty hard for your ancestor, Tharg the Caveman, to hunt Mammoth once he found some if all his muscle wasted away after a couple of weeks of no food. Long answer: When you are fasting [your Growth Hormone secretion actually increases]( URL_0 ), and [norepinephrine levels increase, and resting metabolic rate increases as well.]( URL_2 ) This serves to protect lean muscle mass. [You lose basically no muscle during an extended fast.]( URL_1 ) - So long as you have sufficient body fat to utilise for energy. The [longest medically recorded fast on record was 382 days, nothing but water and vitamin supplements.]( URL_3 ) The patient suffered no ill effects (But the patient had started at 456 lbs, so he had PLENTY of calories to live on stored.)"
] |
[
13
] |
[
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329619/",
"https://intensivedietarymanagement.com/fasting-and-muscle-mass-fasting-part-14/",
"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/71/6/1511.full",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2495396/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
61w6k5
|
Why do computers take longer to register an incorrect password on login rather than a correct one?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfhrnv7",
"dfi7wxn",
"dfhrxo7",
"dfhrnr1"
] |
[
"Many computer systems put in a deliberate pause to make it harder for people to guess passwords. If you can only make 10 guesses a minute, instead of 100, it makes it harder to get into the system."
] |
[
77
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jh3xuk
|
what makes our brain be able to process the ‘voice in our head’ quicker than regular thoughts?
|
It seems that the ‘voice’ in my head can process thoughts and sentences quicker than my usual thought process. Generally, I can have an entire train of thought in a moment while other thought processes that I intend to actually speak take longer. Why is this?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g9v55yu"
] |
[
"Those trains of thought are generally more abstract and often incomplete. They feel like a fully formed thought, but if you try to put them into words, you suddenly realize they aren't complete. They're full of holes and disconnected pieces. You think in two general modes: \"System 1\" is fast, instinctive and emotional; \"System 2\" is slower, more deliberative and more logical. Your inner voice will generally use system 1 to tell you it's figured things out, but it takes system 2 to fully form the thought and put it into words."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
629jt1
|
What information, explicitly, can now be sold by ISPs? It looks like the new law was replacing rules that had not yet gone into affect, so how is this any different than how the internet was 4 years ago? Could our data have been sold then before the rules that were voted on in Oct 2016?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfku8jm"
] |
[
"Your data has been being sold by Google, your web browser, etc for years. Google makes money by compiling tens of thousands of users browsing trends and data into one big anonymous package (for example: they don't care what michiruwater is looking up, they care what 18-21 year olds are looking up between 3-6PM). Your ISP thinks it's very unfair that Google gets to make money but the ISP does not. Now the ISP can do the same thing that Google does. That's all that happened."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cf04kd
|
when drunk, if you eat you feel sober again (you probably aren't, but you feel like you are)?
|
Follow up question, why are you hungry when drunk?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eu68kg7",
"eu6q1z6"
] |
[
"Dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway activation signaling URL_0 Or... You drink, feel pleasure, and brain signals salivation and desire for food, sex, sleep (primary functions). Your brain stem is tied in to this vagus nerve that controls feeling full or hungry. Im a lay person on this."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6129766/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6fvupf
|
What is the procedure for when a demolition fails?
|
When a building is demolished and the initial explosives go off but fail to collapse the structure, what happens next? Are there secondary explosives? Surely it's not safe to approach the building once those first explosives have been detonated.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dilkooe",
"dilslva",
"dilslr7",
"dilvphp"
] |
[
"Controlled implosions aren't just about bringing a building down...its about bringing it down so the debris goes where you want it to. The actual amount of explosive force needed to bring a structure down is actually low (because of gravity) So if there is a screw up in the implosion process, the building is still coming down...just in a really unsafe way."
] |
[
45
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ea4sum
|
Why can't we control out own sensations ? Why is our brain not able to just turn off the feeling of pain for the moment ? "I got it, something is bad, now stop hurting !" Or to just fall asleep whenever we want to.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fanr024",
"fanqw7o",
"fants9h",
"fanu486",
"fao714x",
"fao8t92"
] |
[
"It is a defense mechanism... Lets say you're hiking and have a dislocated ankle or knee. The pain is there to remind you there is something fucked up, and not to abuse it or it can get worse... That is basically why is pain, to remind you there is something wrong and you need to treat it ASAP. Removing may trigger you to think its not that bad"
] |
[
103
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gdj6ou
|
Why would decreasing the temperature of a gas in a syringe make the volume decrease?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fphlls1"
] |
[
"Temperature is just a measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the molecules in a gas. If you decrease the temperature, that means they're moving slower. If they're moving slower, then they're running into the walls of the syringe less often AND slower. This means they're pushing less hard on the sides of the syringe. The outside air pressure is still pushing in equally hard, but the inside gas pushing out is less, so the outside air wins, and pushes inward. This is the volume decreasing."
] |
[
18
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9pbd5x
|
How do machines record sound?
|
I’m not sure how this happens, and it would be very nice to know. Only thing I thought it could be is remembering the movement of the sound waves hitting it... but it’s a shot in the dark and I can’t find it online.
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e80ekio",
"e80nd56"
] |
[
"The short, simple answer is that you use something that vibrates easily when sound hits it and attach a sensor to that. Like old ribbon microphones, the ribbon vibrates with sound waves passing over it, and you attach a bit of circuitry to it that can measure how the ribbon moves."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6bf7mv
|
Why divide by (n-1) for standard deviation?
|
Why do you divide by (# of data points -1) when calculating the standard deviation?
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhm5l5b"
] |
[
"It's to correct for an underlying bias in the sample standard deviation that causes it to systematically underestimate the true population variance. If you calculate the expectation of the population variance (sigma squared) minus the formula for standard deviation with an n rather than an n-1 in the denominator (the biased estimator), you'll end up with the variance of the sample mean (sigma squared over n). This implies (because of the linearity of the expectation operator) that the expectation of the biased estimator is sigma minus sigma squared over n. Basically, since the expectation of sigma squared is sigma squared (it's a population parameter, just a number) and the expectation of sigma squared minus the biased estimator equals sigma squared over n, then the expectation of the biased estimator must just be sigma squared minus sigma squared over n. Sigma squared minus sigma squared over n is just (n-1)/n times sigma squared. So all we have to do is multiply our biased estimator n/(n-1) to correct it. The n in the numerator cancels out the n in the denominator from the biased estimator and leaves the squared deviations from the mean over n-1. I know this is kind of awful without symbols and formulas (I don't really know how to do that on reddit but didn't want to just link to the wiki). What I described is just method three of the proof on the [wiki]( URL_0 ). If you have specific questions about what they did there I should be able to answer them."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel%27s_correction"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6pqefy
|
Why is 24-karat pure gold and not 100-karat?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkrcmhu",
"dkrcm2f"
] |
[
"In 309 CE, Roman Emperor Constantine I began to mint a new gold coin solidus that was 1⁄72 of a libra (Roman pound) of gold equal to a mass of 24 siliqua, where each siliqua (or carat) was 1⁄1728 of a libra. This is believed to be the origin of the value of the karat. Source : URL_0"
] |
[
25
] |
[
[
"https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-purity-of-gold-measured-on-the-scale-of-24-pure-gold-24-carats-Why-not-10-20-or-so-on"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness#Gold"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
eqkog2
|
why does the heart react to electiricity by stopping or starting again
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"feti2ow"
] |
[
"Friendly neighborhood medic here! So, your heart has its own electrical system; and it’s very easy to alter that rhythm. In short, these other cats have already kind of explained the idea. If your heart gets hit with an electrical current that’s strong enough, it can effect the electric pathway and cause an abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia) or cause the SA/AV/Purkinje fibers to not fire at all. Just the same as overriding any other circuit (in a very basic way). As far as electricity starting a heart, to my understanding that doesn’t happen. Typically when we’re shocking someone, it’s done very tactically. If we’re shocking, it’s because there’s electricity already happening in the heart; it just needs re-guided. If there’s no electricity (take Asystole [no pulse, no electrical activity] for example) there would be pharmaceutical interventions to reinstate the hearts biological process to conduct and move electricity again. Hopefully I explained that in a way that makes sense. Edit: I changed the arrhythmia because the original one I named wasn’t accurate, I should’ve proof read myself."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bnm908
|
The economic recession of the late 2000s
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"en6z2rv",
"en75bfw"
] |
[
"When banks loan out money they get it paid back with interest ($100 loan with $5 interest means the final payment is $105 with $5 profit). When lending companies have a good reputation of customers paying back on time and in full they are allowed to loan out greater amounts of money. If the people who borrow the money can’t pay it back the company has to cover it. If they company can’t cover it they are “bankrupt.” Since they countries banks had a good reputation they were able to loan out more and more money at less interest to the borrower. This made a lot of money available to people with very little risk. They started buying very expensive houses and cars and couldn’t pay back the loan. These loans were ultimately bought by the US government to keep the dollar from dying. Btw it’s happening again..."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
86dcs2
|
Why are almost all flavored liquors uniformly 35% alcohol content, while their unflavored counterparts are almost all uniformly 40% alcohol content?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dw4mx4g",
"dw45i3j",
"dw4gczy",
"dw4fuyi",
"dw4orma",
"dw4mb5u",
"dw4k089",
"dw4kxhs",
"dw4jzb9"
] |
[
"Alcoholic beverage developer here! The main reason is the solubility of sugar. Most of these flavored spirits have a large amount of sugar in them, and sugar is not very soluble in alcohol. Therefore, to get the sweetness they want, they have to dilute the strength of the spirit."
] |
[
8827
] |
[
[],
[
"https://i.imgur.com/g7paouS.jpg",
"https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/5.22"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/5.22"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7vwuta
|
When illegal immigrants are deported, are they given some form of passport for the trip?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dtvpk54",
"dtvqate"
] |
[
"No, they are given a law enforcement officer in lieu of identification. When they get back to their home country, they are turned over to that government's law enforcement agency. Then they are set free by their home government, or not."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
azhud2
|
How come inhaling steam doesn't flood your lungs or make you drown?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ei7w9sy",
"ei7wn2e"
] |
[
"When water turns from liquid to steam, it takes up about 1600× more volume. So when you inhale a lot of steam, you're only getting a drop or so of water in your lungs. URL_0"
] |
[
17
] |
[
[
"https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1734"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6b6tjp
|
How do people not hear sounds in their sleep? Is the auditory cortex disabled or buffeted?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhka1ja"
] |
[
"People hear sounds in their sleep. Just the signals don't get processed in the brain the same way while asleep. If the sound threshold exceeds a certain limit, it will be processed in a way to wake the person such as what an alarm does."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8i695j
|
If China is heavily state-capitalist, then why aren't taxes there astronomically high?
|
In order to fund the left-leaning economy, don't taxes need to be high? Or do they raise revenue through state-run business? It's just a bit confusing to me.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dyp79iz",
"dyp8hll",
"dyp7nvv"
] |
[
"so, high taxes are signs of one of a few heavy government spending habits: Infrastructure, military, central control of the economy, and social projects. In the case of China, the government is careful about investing in any of those four. They are certainly not left-leaning in the sense of Europe or communist movements in South America. If China decided to increase spending in any of those areas, they would likely need to increase taxes."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
aicxr4
|
why are boils filled with liquid?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eemsapb"
] |
[
"A boil is an infection. Your body fights the infection with white blood cells. White blood cells die as they fight the infection. The liquid (pus) are the dead white blood cells (plus whatever they killed). Presence of pus = white cells died there = white cells were fighting something there = there was/is probably an infection of some kind."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
k1b50h
|
When thickening a sauce, why are you supposed to turn corn starch into a slurry with cold water before adding it to the sauce?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gdn18vv",
"gdn1cao"
] |
[
"Because if you put it directly into the sauce, the corn starch clumps together and makes all the sauce kind of lumpy. Source: I've done it"
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hs2f4q
|
(as soon on TV shows) why does a commander on a naval vessel give orders for course corrections to a subordinate officer who then passes it on to the helm? Why not order the helm directly?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fyay8vb"
] |
[
"> One of the most important principles of ship handling is that there be no ambiguity as to who is controlling the movements of the ship. One person gives orders to the ship's engine, rudder, lines, and ground tackle. This person is said to have the \"conn.\" — James Alden Barber, 2005, \"Introduction\", The Naval Shiphandler's Guide, p. 8. *One* person at a time can give orders to the helm. Obviously, that person can't be the captain all the time because the captain has other things to do. Less obviously, the captain doesn't get that role just by being there--to avoid confusion, the conn must be *explicitly* transferred. Thus, if the captain doesn't currently have the conn and orders \"Ten degrees to starboard,\" the helmsman is *not supposed to* do it until they hear it from the person who *does* have the conn. Of course, that person will immediately relay the captain's instructions."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
l5nvdd
|
Why do so many people have a hard time swallowing pills, but not food?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gkvf47a",
"gkvhq5u"
] |
[
"Most of the time it's mind over matter, but it can also be because if the pill is light enough it can float on the water and when you swallow the water goes down but the pill stays."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
90rhsf
|
why is there a limit on recycling at certain stores?
|
At my local key foods in NYC, I'm seeing that there's a limit on how much someone can recycle per person per day. Is it an image thing? Don't want too many people who pick up cans for a living coming to the store. Key foods isn't a luxury or super nice super market. Or a financial thing? I doubt the store eats the cost of shipping the squashed bottles and cans though
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e2sm2j9",
"e2skjud"
] |
[
"It's not just the image, you don't want your store to become a giant homeless hangout with you staff spending more of their time dealing with canners than with paying customers. You also don't want your paying customers to get stuck waiting in line for 45 minutes behind people with thousands of cans."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9xf7jw
|
Method acting versus non-method acting.
|
You often hear actors talk about whether or not they consider themselves ‘method actors’. What, precisely, is the difference and are there other categories of acting styles?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e9rt9l6",
"e9rtbob"
] |
[
"To my understanding, a method actor is someone who stays in character for the entire duration of the making of the movie. From the time they are cast as the character, to the time the movie is completed, they are in character, as if they actually were that person."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
5lzdve
|
What rule of sound waves makes sounds that are 12 half steps away from each other read as the same note to us?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dbzleri",
"dbzkt9b",
"dc03ox0",
"dbzk6n8"
] |
[
"The \"12 steps\" are arbitrary, but the relationship between the frequencies is not: at the distance which we call 'one octave' the higher of the two tones results from vibrations which are exactly twice as fast as the lower tone. This means that it sounds \"the same only higher\" to our ears. Meanwhile, we in the West decided that it would be best to divide that distance up into 12 divisions, which we call semitones. That's far from the only way to divide that space up, though. The easiest way to visualise this is probably get a string, measure it, and twang it. Then get a string half that length (or stop the first string half-way down its length) and twang it again."
] |
[
32
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Hqm0dYKUx4"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8aezfk
|
Why does it take so long for a sunburn to hurt/ appear after the burn is inflicted?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dwy8f9i",
"dwyg7n9",
"dwy6wws",
"dwyln81"
] |
[
"Ok, so... Sunburn isn't like a burn from, say, grabbing a hot piece of metal--it's an ionizing radiation burn, caused by ultraviolet radiation. Like other forms of ionizing radiation, UV radiation doesn't directly stimulate or damage pain nerves like heat does. As one other commenter stated, it damages RNA, which later causes inflammation. It's the inflammation that eventually causes the pain."
] |
[
97
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a5eboc
|
How did I suddenly develop food allergies at 27 years old.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eblzfg2"
] |
[
"You may not like this, but the answer is: we don't know. People need to become sensitive to an allergen before any allergic reaction can take place, so that means they can't be allergic the very first time they are exposed. Since these people have been exposed numerous times to an allergen without reacting, and they suddenly begin to react allergically, a mystery has been introduced. We know very little about allergies so far and it is a big area of research."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jgen5p
|
People who are schizophrenic and regularly hallucinate, what is happening in their brain exactly to cause hallucinations? Do these hallucinations appear as real as something that actually exists?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g9qv6ly"
] |
[
"Others with better experience than I have tackled the second question well already, but I’ll take a stab at the first. In terms of what’s happening in the brain, the short answer is it’s complicated and we don’t have a full understanding. The most accepted theory behind what causes schizophrenia is known as the dopamine hypothesis. Dopamine is one of several chemicals in your brain that has a lot of different roles including helping control movement, pleasure, thoughts, and mood. In people with schizophrenia, it’s thought that some parts of their brain have too much dopamine activity. This dopamine hyperactivity is thought to be the cause of most of the “positive symptoms” of schizophrenia, which is a term for a group of symptoms including hallucinations and delusions. Part of why we think this is what causes these issues is these positive symptoms are a group of symptoms that show best response to our current medications for schizophrenia, which work specifically to block dopamine activity. We’re learning more and more about how schizophrenia happens and what causes it, and this dopamine explanation probably isn’t the full story. Other chemicals and receptors in the brain also likely have a role."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7gbjqn
|
Why is it when you drive past objects fast with your window down you hear a “whoosh” noise after each object?
|
When you drive past stationary objects like other parked cars, trees, fire hydrants you head a “whoosh” noise. The fast you go the louder the noise, the slower you go the quieter the noise. But the object isn’t actually making a “noise,” because it’s just there normally.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqhx27c"
] |
[
"It's the reverse effect of why you, when stationary, hear a whoosh when something zips by you! The whoosh sound is made from displaced air, the faster the displacement the greater the sound. Sound is caused by motion, after all. Ever heard of a sonic boom? When you break the speed of sound, things get... Loud... At any rate, the whoosh you hear while in motion is the sound bouncing off of the object and coming back to your ears sooner than the rebounding sound wave hitting objects further way and returning to your ear. Basically, this is the easiest way to explain sonar!"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
fbjs8l
|
when in bed, why does our body parts get cold when they are removed from under the covers but our head stays at a nice temperature
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fj4yt7n"
] |
[
"* Hair is an insulator and keeps you warm and most people's head is much hairier than their limbs. * The brain burns a minimum of 20 watts but limbs burn very little while you sleep."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7dvnjy
|
What are the main differences between popular opiates and why do people choose to do some over others for recreational purposes?
|
To clarify, I’m not looking to do any. I’ve known quite a few people in my life whom have gotten hooked on various opiates and today I was wondering, what makes them want to do fentanyl over heroin for example? I understand prices are a factor but as far as effects are concerned, what’s the difference between oxy, hydro, heroin, fentanyl, codeine, etc.?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dq0qkct",
"dq0q8uv"
] |
[
"To my knowledge, as limited as it may be (opiates are not exactly my DOC) it mostly boils down to three things, two of which are closely related. Strength, availablity, and price. The latter being the related ones. Codeine is basically what i call the tier 1 opiate. It makes you feel nice and airy, puts you in a good spot, but it also has some side effects like itchiness, plus its usually pressed with APAP which is no good for the liver at high doses. So; codeine- plentiful, somewhat cheap, kinda weak, but still enjoyable. Hydrocodone is, for me, where we move up to tier 2. Now ive \"heard\" that hydrocodone is 6x as potent as codeine. Whether that number is accurate or not still gives credence to hydro being the second tier of opiates. Hydrocodone will criss cross you right the fuck up if you take enough, and *typically* without the itchiness (although this can usually be abated with a simple antihistamine.) So; hydrocodone- a little more expensive, much more enjoyable, stronger, less APAP in your system (ideally) Oxycodone. Tier 3. Now, unfortunately, this is where my knowledge runs thin. Ive only tried percocet once, and i know they were pressed, so i cant give you much, but to my understanding, this is the shit. This is the drug people take before they move up to heroin (if they feel so inclined). Hard to find, expensive as fuck, and very strong. NOW.... *fent*.... too dangerous, too risky, too unreliable for my taste. I mean, look, mere days ago an up and coming rapper DIES because of fent laced bars. This shit is DEADLY. I dont know what its like, because i havent tried it, and i dont plan to. Im sorry to you fentanyl fanboys, but i just cant get behind it. Ive known people that have OD'ed and i just cannot and will not toleralte this recent influx of fentanyl laced presses. It scares me, and it saddens me. Heroin is... well......heroin. Never done it, but i imagine it to be pure fucking bliss. Maybe one day, (hopefully not, maybe). We skip to tier 5 for our mistress, Lady H Anyway, thanks for reading and asking your good question, hope you all have a wonderful day! Sorry if this is a bit jumbled im very much in the zone right now. Peace!"
] |
[
41
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
j0dq0i
|
should UDP be preferred over TCP for increasing bandwidth utilization?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g6q6kqu",
"g6qg8xe"
] |
[
"The choice depends on your application. Most traffic is TCP because it makes sure all packets have been received. Like when you read someone the Wifi code, and they'll tell you how much of it they were able to type in so you can read the rest of it to them again. (This will use slightly more bandwidth.) Time-sensitive things, like some online games or a livestream, may be better served with UDP. It's comparable to throwing paper airplanes at your destination."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
koawlg
|
why is cranberry juice ‘dry’?
|
So I found an old post about beer and wine that explained something about the fermentation process but... I just took a swig of pomegranate juice and it gives the same dry mouth feeling as cranberry juice. What’s the deal?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ghpingm"
] |
[
"The natural tannins in the cranberries are what causes the dry kind of feeling in your mouth, known as astringency. Sugar can offset this slightly, hence why light cran juice is usually more dry than normal cran juice. Pomegranate seeds also contain tannins which is where this feeling comes from. Same thing with wine, red wine has far more tannins in than white wine, so the dryness of a red wine is usually a lot more pronounced."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6pjqw2
|
why do nuts and seeds contain so much oil?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dkpu7hi"
] |
[
"Imagine you wanted to pack as much energy into your little seed as possible so the plant baby gets the best head start possible. Fat = 9 calories per gram. Protein or Carbs = 4 calories per gram. Pretty much that."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5lq78v
|
The main difference of a fruit and vegetable is that fruits have seeds. So, where the heck do vegetable seeds, used in gardeningand such, from?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dbxn9l2"
] |
[
"The definition of fruit and vegetable are rules with a couple exceptions. The definition that covers most fruits/vegetables is as follows: A fruit is the part of the plant that *develops from a flower*. It's also the section of the plant that contains the seeds. *The other parts of plants are considered vegetables*. These include the stems, leaves and roots — and even the flower bud. We call several (technically) fruits \"vegetable,\" but the main point here is that your premise is wrong - ***both fruits and vegetables have seeds***. [More reading]( URL_0 )"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-blog/fruit-vegetable-difference/bgp-20056141"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
g4hiuj
|
Why do most of the Asian men, dont have a beard? Is it a culture thing?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fnxg4s1",
"fnxgm1t"
] |
[
"their facial hair doesn't really grow very quickly and when it does grow its usually very patchy. source: dated bunch of asian guys"
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fzo78c
|
How come when we scratch an itchy spot too much, it gets even more itchy and red ?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fn5bd9b"
] |
[
"Your immune system doesn't discriminate between different types of damage. (i.e, a cut versus a punch. A cut has the potential to allow dangerous bacteria in, but both a cut and a punch will cause a non-specific immune response which is deployed to deal with any bacteria that might have entered the skin) When you scratch too much, the skin registers physical damage and deploys an immune response. Histamine is released by the skin which causes inflammation and redness, as well as an itching sensation. The inflammation in particular is to cause vasodilation so immune-specific factors can arrive and 'analyze' the situation. (vasodilation: the veins increasing in diameter so more blood is pumped through, which is why you see redness as well.) I have idiopathic urticaria, (a real joy) which is basically caused by skin being hypersensitive to scratching and releasing stupid histamine if I even look at it wrong. I can draw wheals on myself. Just now, I accidentally scratched the bottom of my foot and am being punished. 5 YO answer: when you scratch your skin thinks it's hurt, and your immune system sends help to fight germs in case you have a cut. When it sends help, your skin gets itchy. That's how you know your immune system is working."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
liuzgg
|
teeth whitening kits
|
Can anyone explain to me how the teeth whitening kits that shine a bright bluish/purple light on you teeth work? How do they make your teeth whiter? For example, “Smile” was a popular one there for a while, and I believe Crest has one now as well. I assume that they must work... otherwise someone would have surely compared their teeth from a month before treatment to after and figured out there wasn’t a change. So how does that all work??! If someone can explain the science behind all that, it would be awesome! I attempted to search for some sort of answer on this forum for something similar, haven’t found anything. If there is one, please let me know. I’ll be sure to take this one down! Thanks!
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gn5dguw"
] |
[
"It's basically bleach, usually peroxide based. Oxygen transfers from the peroxide and attaches to stuff that stains teeth breaking it up and fading the color. The kits that come with lights use UV light to make the process happen faster, in a similar way that heating chemicals tends to make for a faster reaction. They still rely on a paste of some sort though. Definitely works well in a dentist's office, but I personally have no idea if the UV light in at home kits actually does anything. The dentist light is going to be a lot more intense, and a more energetic wavelength of uv is used that requires eye protection. The at home kits light is going to be safer and weaker so it really might just be a gimmick, and the kit may work just as well without the light. They do work though the effect is going to be a lot better if you only want to go from heavily stained to lightly stained. Getting to pure white is usually pretty difficult. Especially because if you use the kits too often they can weaken your teeth pretty badly."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8dxaxw
|
How come it’s nearly impossible to get vitamine D overdose from the sun, but you can from supplements?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dxqwd05",
"dxqo5f9",
"dxqtvow",
"dxqx1gk",
"dxr3qhc",
"dxr0o7t",
"dxr1ah6",
"dxr29xr",
"dxrf5fu",
"dxr0abv",
"dxrag9r",
"dxr37bp",
"dxr6hq8",
"dxrqrxp",
"dxr7qfk",
"dxr74jq"
] |
[
"The sun is used to convert a vitamin D precursor to the next metabolite in the process. The body doesn’t store enough of the vitamin D precursor to cause an overdose. It also isn’t the final “activation” step for vitamin D."
] |
[
6084
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fszkdo
|
From the POV of the bank, why is a mortgage considered an asset and a client deposit considered a liability?
|
I'm having a hard time visualizing this, as I thought it was the other way around. How does this appear on the tax statements?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fm469qb",
"fm46kja",
"fm49fo1"
] |
[
"An asset is something of value that you have. And the bank have a piece of paper saying you owe them a certain amount of money and detailing how you should pay it back. This piece of paper have a value and it is therefore considered an asset. A liability is when you owe something to someone else. In the case of a client deposit the bank owes you your money and have to pay it back when you ask for it. So it is considered a liability."
] |
[
64
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521914001434"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ch5tzd
|
How do those Heart Rate Monitors on phones that don't have built in sensors work by using only flash and the camera?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eupomzv",
"eupotfc"
] |
[
"The flash lights up your finger, the camera detects any changes to how brightly lit your finger is. During a beat there’s a little more blood in the vessels of the finger, so it blocks a little more light. The camera can see these small variations in brightness. Wristwatches with pulse meters do the same thing, just with more specialised LEDs and light sensors."
] |
[
24
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ej1rkc
|
Demonetization in the context of YouTube - what is it and how does it work?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fcuumal",
"fcv0y8m"
] |
[
"It's when a YouTube user puts videos up that YouTube cannot advertise on because the content is too controversial or offensive or has copyrighted content to it, etc. An individual video can be demonetized or the w"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6b56qu
|
Why do you feel tired after watching a film, even though you have just sat there for two hours?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhjwjhg"
] |
[
"You won't be experiencing physical fatigue, as you stated you have just sat there for 2 hours. It will be a combination of mental exhaustion and straining your eyes for extended periods of time. The mental exhaustion is down to the fact that you are concentrating on one thing for a very long period of time and studies have shown most people's concentration peaks at 45 minutes, after that time you actually have to put effort into focusing which can lead to feeling tired. The eye strain is from looking at a screen for a long time, this can be exacerbated if the screen is bright and you are watching it in the dark or if you are too close/far away. Hope that clears it up!"
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
61ra56
|
why does French have so many silent letters?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfgq4jh",
"dfgzdkd",
"dfh77x9"
] |
[
"It's non Phonemic, meaning that the writing system and the actual spoken language don't align. In fact technically there are no silent letters in the language, there are extra (vestigial) letters in the writing system. Also French is mild compared to English (at least to me, as a foreigner to both). Night? Are you kidding me?"
] |
[
17
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hdynxo
|
What does it mean when a TV show becomes syndicated and why is it a big deal?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fvo7nj9"
] |
[
"Syndication means that the show is sold to any network that wants to air it... these are the re-runs of shows like Friends, CSI, Golden Girls, etc. that air in late afternoon before prime time, on cable networks like TBS, USA, Nick at Night. Typically for shows to be able to be sold in syndication, they need at least 100 episodes, so that's the big threshold to hit, which is typically midway through 5th season (assuming 22 episode seasons). It's a big deal because it's a HUGE cash cow for the production company who created the show when they can start selling the show to air all over the place. Shows may lose money on their initial runs, but can make that up via syndication deals. And even those shows that are very profitable, it still means ongoing royalties for years or decades (think how long shows like Brady Bunch have been airing as reruns)"
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7kmm80
|
Now that winter is here (UK), and water pipes are more susceptible to bursting, how do water providers detect a burst water main underground?
|
They always seem to dig a repair hole in the exact location of the breach. How can they detect it so precisely?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"drfhmuf"
] |
[
"I would guess an abnormally wet piece of ground or water bubbling out of it would be the clue..."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
byntau
|
How do animals know to look into our eyes?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eqjs42l"
] |
[
"Looking at faces is a good way to determine which direction a creature is looking, and thereby which direction the creature is likely to attack or move. Most (if not all) sighted mammals have the ability to distinguish faces because it's an advantage to be able to do so. If a creature can lock eyes with another creature, it's a surefire sign that the second creature has been spotted. In the case of stealth predators, this will generally cause them to give up and move on. No reason to get in a scrap if you can't be sure you'll kill them without injury. & #x200B; Pack animals do this to make sure that they are seen and their position is known in the event of an attack. This is probably why dogs like to look at us when they poop. As for why humans have attached such a strong social meaning to it, that's a different question altogether."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7lgpdj
|
What is a government bond?
|
I can't seem to get it for some reason.
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"drm35qe",
"drm34j1"
] |
[
"You give the Canadian government some money upfront, say $1000. The government will return this face value to you upon maturity (say 10 years). Until then, the government will also give you semi annual payments called coupon payments. So total cash flow to you looks like: You net zero on the $1000 (you give it to the government initially, and then they give you it back upon maturity) All the semi annual coupon payments you get from the government. Probably around $10-30 or something around there. Government bonds are considered risk free, because technically the government can print more money in order to pay you back."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
8quocm
|
Unsupervised Learning/Machine Learning and how data is relevant
|
Mathematics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e0m8i8i"
] |
[
"Unsupervised learning isn't generally used to make predictions - for that task a supervised learner is typically used. You hinted at why in your question - if we *do* have a way to evaluate whether our predictions are accurate, then we should be able to frame the task as a classification problem and train a supervised learner to make predictions. Unsupervised learning is used when we don't have a way to separate old instances (students in your example) into labeled \"classes\" that we care about predicting for new instances. Depending on what model you use, an unsupervised learner might find groups of students who are similar in some way, or it might find which feature values are linked together in some predictable way, or it might point out students that are abnormal (in some way) with respect to the general population. Sometimes you can go in after-the-fact and see that your unsupervised learner has separated students into groups that you can make sense of, or that you can tell why anomalous students are anomalous. But that's not guaranteed. & nbsp; If you have *some* labeled data but not much (say you have data about some past students who have performed well), you could run an unsupervised learner (say a clustering algorithm) on all the students and see if those labeled students fall in a single cluster, but there's no guarantee. A more popular approach here is probably *semi-supervised* learning, which uses unsupervised techniques along with some labeled data to build a predictive model."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
814ycq
|
Why do windows on the back of a car only go a part of the way down?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dv0gbnd",
"dv0lxn1"
] |
[
"Some designed that for safety. Some doors are not large enough for the window to totally be enclosed while open."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6pt2gi
|
Why is it called "cream of tartar" when it very obviously isn't creamy?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dks16ev"
] |
[
"Cream of Tartar is the *nom de plume* of potassium bitartrate. I couldn't find the exact source of it's name, but I can theorize. One possibility is its color - cream - but the other possibility is related to another definition of the word \"cream\" itself. > To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream. It's left as a residue in winemaking. It might be possible that the name comes from someone skimming it off the surface of the wine or cleaning it off the inside of the barrels. I'm not entirely sure. That's the best I can give you."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
lgxybe
|
Is there any truth to the “5 second rule” when you drop food on a dirty surface. Does the bacteria/germs transfer instantly or is there a grace period? & if so, why would this become so popular if food is not contaminated?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gmu2ch5"
] |
[
"No there’s no truth to it. Most bacteria is on the dropped food almost immediately. It’s popular because it’s a funny thing to say and lots of people still want to eat the thing they dropped."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5oj06y
|
Why do drives on PCs start with C:\? Where are A:\ and B:\?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dcjmmab",
"dcjpbvb",
"dcjml1a",
"dcjpupg",
"dcjqit6"
] |
[
"Back in the day, PCs didn't have hard drives. They only had [floppy disk]( URL_0 ) drives. A common configuration was to have two drives, usually one 3.5\" drive and one 5.25\" drive, so they were designated A: and B:. So when hard drives became common, they were given the next letter - C:. A lot of programs relied on having the main hard drive at C:, so it became the standard, and remained so even long after floppy disk drives became obsolete."
] |
[
97
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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