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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5ywn01
|
What is the difference between acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and NSAID?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"detjacb"
] |
[
"NSAIDs are a class of drugs that reduce your body's response to things like inflammation, injury and distress, which reduces the pain associated with conditions like fevers or muscle soreness. Ibuprofen is one of the medicines in this class, so there's no difference there. Acetaminophen is not an NSAID. While it does act to reduce fever and pain (which it has in common with NSAIDs like ibuprofen), it does not affect inflammation, so it is not an NSAID. NSAID stands for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug. Drugs are processed, used and excreted by different organs. Because acetaminophen is mainly processed for excretion by your liver, it is not recommended that it be taken by drinkers, because alcohol is also processed by the liver. Too much stress on the liver damages it. Ibuprofen is processed more by the pancreas, so it is considered safer to use by those than drink alcohol. All of these drugs share a molecular structure that can irritate the stomach, so taking any of these drugs is best with a full glass of water. If stomach upset occurs, you should consult a physician."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
b57x4b
|
Why does your brain shut down whenever you read something boring?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ejbrrl5"
] |
[
"For most of our species' evolution, calories were scarce and precious resources. The brain requires burning a lot of calories to function. If we are burning too many calories trying to comprehend something that isn't relevant and won't contribute in any way to improving our chances of survival, our brains have an automatic killswitch that goes off, so we will pursue an activity that *will* increase our chances of survival instead (in simple terms, our brain provides no dopamine reward for this activity, prompting us to pursue something that will gives us that dopamine hit). That's why, if you're reading something boring, and an attractive mate or a plate of bacon wanders into your field of vision, you can't help but be distracted."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
kio7e4
|
Why do train engineers hit the wheels/brakes with a metal rod?
|
I feel like every time there’s a train in a movie, they show an engineer walking along the cars hitting each car’s undercarriage with a rod or hammer. I have also seen this in documentaries, so it’s not just Hollywood. What is the reason for this?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ggs376j",
"ggrytnb"
] |
[
"I work in power plants and can attest to the trailing method. There are very large bolts (3\" diameter and larger) and the most simple and quick way to check if they are torqued properly is to tap em with a hammer. A nice ring is a torqued bolt. A flat sounds means it's not tight enough. Edit: the hammer should also bounce off. Kinda a feel thing to I guess."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeltapper"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
81dygu
|
Why are our eyes seemingly unaffected by cold temperatures?
|
This is something I thought of while my ears, nose, fingers and toes are freezing but my eyes were seemingly unaffected. EDIT: Does Vision start deteriorating at a certain point?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dv2gbay"
] |
[
"Those other things you mentioned are extreme ties and your eyes are not. Blood flow is different for those parts of your body making them more prone to the cold whereas your eyes are more or less internally protected"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
6zi5oc
|
Why is it considered morally wrong to sleep with a coworker?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dmveql7"
] |
[
"I don't think most people consider it morally wrong, assuming you are coworkers and that one isn't in a position of authority over the other. It could easily be seen as a poor decision, because if your relationship goes sour, you're still going to have to work together and that may make it difficult for both of you and for other coworkers. But bad decisions aren't necessarily morally wrong."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ec7w1m
|
How does the brain know when to release more dopamine?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fb9xsk1"
] |
[
"There are dopaminergic neurons in regions called the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra pars compacta that read multiple signals from many other regions about what we are seeing, feeling (hunger and such)... sensing largely, and there is information on previous significance of these sensory signals that dictate levels of firing of dopaminergic neurons in these regions. The dopaminergic neurons release more dopamine in regions that are signaled to by the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta. It’s a complicated story and some evidence shows that dopamine is released when we are generally being motivated in a general context, to keep us moving and alert, and some evidence shows that dopamine is released to update how we feel about the significance of certain sensory events, not in a general sense."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7lx49w
|
Why do leather belts start out straight, but after being worn a lot, get curved?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"drppuac",
"drq1pxz",
"drpu81k",
"drpv1a4"
] |
[
"When one bends over or even sits, the back belt loop pulls down on the belt where the pants would want to gap. Over time, this stretches it out and causes it to curve."
] |
[
90
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
et1o1h
|
why do cigarettes feel better than vaping?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ffdlgz5",
"ffdmsjm"
] |
[
"you smoke them farther apart from each other and tolerance starts to fall also maybe because of carbon monoxide and other shit combustion products edit: a cigarette contains more nicotine than you can furiously vape in 5 minutes"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
d4k2ag
|
Why are calf cramps so common?
|
Often when waking in the middle of the night or in the morning, it’s a common reflex to stretch which feels great. However, it’s very common to have a calf cramp which is very painful. Can someone explain why? Ways to prevent? Ways to reduce the duration or pain during the event?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f0dcn7y"
] |
[
"Straighten leg and pull foot towards you to stretch the muscle is about the only cure I know of. I’ve also noticed that when I feel a leg cramp coming on I can often lessen the pain by doing the opposite of the above. I was once told cramping is a sign of dehydration but I’m not 100% on that."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
nzhdit
|
Is there actual science behind the ubiquitous laser miner of sci-fi? If so, By what principle would they work?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h1pieg4"
] |
[
"Are you asking if it is feasible to melt trough rock using light energy? Currently, no. This technology is beyond us. However [Plasma torches]( URL_0 ) are a thing, and even Rednecks can teach you how to build them."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[
"https://youtu.be/2_jCxYwx6KE"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
g7u5ab
|
How is it we can hear music, have a conscious voice in our heads and hear it clearly without external audio stimuli?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fojlxuc"
] |
[
"Your ears are just microphones. Your brain is both the listener and the amp. So you in your brain are wearing imaginary headphones and listening to imaginary music or voices or epic speeches or whatever you can imagine."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7prdrl
|
What does a saturated market mean?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dsjf486",
"dsjrljx",
"dsjxr27"
] |
[
"It means everyone who wants the product already has the product, so it will be very difficult to continue selling the product."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
h9wlmk
|
What are the differences between clementines, tangerines, and other orange-like fruits?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fuzbng6",
"fuzcx5a",
"fuzomyd"
] |
[
"They are all quite closely related. All modern citrus fruits are a genetic mix of 3 original species: citrons, pomelos, and the true mandarin. Due to this close relationship, any citrus fruit can cross pollinate with any other citrus to create a different variety."
] |
[
79
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6cv8my
|
What is inflation and why/how does it increase the value of a currency in the later years.
|
Repost
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dhxm8ur"
] |
[
"An oversimplification of inflation is that, over time, the value/purchasing power of a currency decreases while the cost of actual goods increases. It doesn't actually increase the value of a currency in later years. In fact its the opposite, inflation leads to a decrease in value of currency. There is a lot of different causes for inflation. One thing that could cause inflation is an increase in the amount of money that is being printed/that is in circulation. If you think about it, this makes sense. The more common of a thing there is, the less valuable it is. This also explains why when there is more money in circulation, the higher the price of goods. With an increase in purchasing power by consumers, companies increase prices to make more profit."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
llwhwt
|
Why is it so hard for dishwashers to clean fried egg remnants from spatulas?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gnrs84z"
] |
[
"Dishwashers will generally clean in two different ways. First rinsing with cold or luke warm water which will help get the worst bits off and get any protein based substances like eggs to come off. Then it will use hot water and soap which will dissolve any harder to clean pieces like fat and also disinfect the content somewhat. It is important that you rinse with cold water first because if you rinse with hot water then proteins will coagulate, basically the egg will get hard as it gets cooked by the hot water. The problem with fried egg that have stuck to the spatula is that you have already messed up. You have allowed the protein of the egg to get into the scratches and other concave surfaces on your spatula and then heated it so the protein coagulates essentially gluing it to the spatula. No amount of rinsing with either cold or warm water or even soap will get it off. You need to scrub it off and the dishwasher does not have any way of doing this. I would recomend a smoother spatula as this makes it harder for the egg to attach to it."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
htvhvs
|
Why do humans like music?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fyjbfvw",
"fyj95tc",
"fyjk08p",
"fyjcbg6"
] |
[
"General consensus is that scientists don't really know. There are several theories, but the predominant theory seems to be that it evolved by accident, tied to our inclination to identifying patterns, and recognizing the emotion within speech, and then it turned into a community binding mechanic, leading those that celebrated with music to operate more efficiently later on."
] |
[
35
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
aibnee
|
Whatever happened to the FCC law banning volume increases during television ads?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eemi3uf"
] |
[
"It’s in effect. It’s called the CALM act. Cable/sat companies and networks all do comply as well. But advertisers continue to find ways to manipulate the system and other shitty things. It’s even written specifically into every single carriage agreement between cable/sat companies and networks in their contracts that the network must comply with the CALM act"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
62iv4f
|
Immunity! How is it cleared, and are there take-backsies?
|
When someone requests immunity from prosecution, what steps if any are taken to confirm or clear that the information is worth the trade? And if immunity is offerred, can it be withdrawn if the information is insufficient? Sorry if this is the wrong sub for this kind of question.
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfmx6fu"
] |
[
"There isn't a real clear explaination because each situation is different and handled seperately. Immunity is something that isn't handed out in court very often unless prosecution is willing to forego someones crimes usually to get someone who's crimes are MUCH larger than he who gets immunity. And Immunity doesn't always mean you dont go to prison. You can be up against 50 charges, and get immunity from 40 of them, and still have to serve the last 10 if convicted. However once immunity is granted, generally its as you describe, no take-backsies. However, that doesn't mean that person can't be charged with a different, lesser or unrelated charge to what they just got immunity from. Like a Drug Dealer who agrees to flip on his provider. They could offer the guy immunity from prosecution from dealing drugs, get his supplier and then still nail him for possession with intent. In these cases, you really need a lawyer to really help make sure that if immunity is on the table, it can't be used against you in a court of law, because once you take a deal, its very hard to get out of it without getting yourself in deeper because alot of times, not only will you get charged you get perjury added onto it, false testimony charges... and it gets worse for someone who tries to back out of a deal."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
lbnd42
|
Where did the idea of ripping up contracts to nullify them come from, and, more importantly, is it true?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gluzo0w",
"glv3ezj",
"gluwbv4",
"glvitgt"
] |
[
"Its a visual aid for the audience in shows etc. In reality it only works if there is absolutely no other proof of that contract."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
grdkmu
|
Why do clouds tend to clump together in the sky, rather than the water vapor just being spread out equally over the air?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fryajij",
"fryd21q"
] |
[
"Clouds tend to form at the top of updrafts, as the upward-moving air expands and cools, prompting it to dump its water as a mist which forms the clouds. Obviously, the whole sky cannot be one big updraft, as air must also be moving downwards in order to take the place of the air moving upwards. This forms many different cloud shapes, including the traditional convection cell hex grid - if you look carefully you will sometimes be able to make out a hexagonal grid arrangement where clouds are at the center of each hexagon. This is because circular convection cells form and when they come together the circles form a hexagonal grid."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.quora.com/Why-do-clouds-clump-together-instead-of-uniformly-spreading-throughout-the-whole-atmosphere",
"https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-525fb749faade96d362c21897569fa92"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9xmsfr
|
The really simple version of windowing
|
So my trainwreck of a DSP class hasn't really been going well for me, it seems like the professor doesn't provide any context for what we are learning and it would be a better use of my time to just copy articles from wikipedia. That being said, I have a homework problem asking me to design a hamming or rectangular window to show the peaks of two distinct sine waves. I've fairly lost on the high level purpose of a window and where to begin applying it in DSP. A lot of the documentation I found online weren't high level enough for me, so hoping I could get some help here with the basic concepts of windowing in DSP & #x200B; Thanks!
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e9ti775"
] |
[
"A 'window' is just the subset of your time-series you'll be evaluating with your DSP. Everything outside of the window is considered to be zero. So let's say you have 1 second of signal. You want to look at it in 10 ms lumps. This means you'd need to 'window' each 10 ms lump, ignoring the other 990 ms of data. The easiest way to do this is with a rectangular window. If I'm looking at 45 ms to 55 ms of my signal, I simply take those samples at full value and ignore all others. However, consider what happens when I look at the frequency domain of my windowed signal. If my original signal was DC, I would expect my frequency domain to be a delta at 0. But once I've windowed it, I've created a rectangular pulse so my frequency domain looks like a sinc - the sharp edges of my rectangular window have created all sorts of high frequencies that didn't exist in the original signal. A Hamming Window is meant to ameliorate that flaw, by creating a sinusoidal-type tapering at the edges. It still won't construct the perfect delta at 0 you'd expect from looking at the frequency domain of your DC signal. But it won't have nearly the same amount of high level noise created by your rectangular window. For simple signals and DSP, windows are unnecessary. If you're building a low-pass filter, you'd normally just use the difference equation and calculate the output in real-time based on the entire data set you received (your window is rectangular, but every time you get a new data point it expands to include all past and current data). DSP chips are designed to accommodate this sort of approach, with fast multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) instructions. Where you really need windows is with time-varying frequencies. Think of speech recognition. If you talk to me for a minute, I can't just take a look at a minute-long frequency domain representation of your speech. While it will contain all the frequencies you spoke, there won't be any order to them. The first phoneme you spoke and the last phoneme you spoke will be treated identically (and may indeed overlap, obscuring one from the other). Instead, I need to take 'windows' of your speech so I can preserve the order and distinctiveness of each phoneme you uttered over that time period. With 10 ms windows (resolving down to 100 Hz), I can take a look at what frequencies were in use at any given time, with the order of those frequencies preserved. If you use the same phoneme at 3 seconds and at 37 seconds, I can separate those two easily. The choice of window I use determines the balance between 'slurring' my processing (how much I change my data by overlapping into other windows) and 'corrupting' my processing (adding artifacts from the signal processing itself). For example, in the speech recognition example, I probably want to err on the side of 'slurring' because speech-over-time tends to rise and fall in frequency - the information from the previous window is somewhat correlated with the information in the current window. But if I'm analyzing mechanical transients, this is not the case. Those transients do not flow smoothly from one to the other, but are sharp discontinuities. As a result, including a previous mechanical transient will (probably) confuse my results more than simply generating artifacts of the signal processing would. Note: I recognize the above is not strictly 'ELI5' since it's doubtful anyone without any background in signal processing would understand much of what I'm talking about. However, the OP indicated they had some familiarity with the basics."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
mer2iy
|
Why does pressing on the brain keep it from doing the thing that area is supposed to do? Is brain function dependent on open spaces somehow?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gsj7w91",
"gsj9hdf"
] |
[
"Are you talking about pressure from tumors or blood vessels? Mostly because it disrupts blood flow - and without proper supply of oxygen brain cells can’t function."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
au4u85
|
OLED vs QLED
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eh5m5p5",
"eh657mf"
] |
[
"OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) - It's an organic LED that is capable of emitting it's own light (unlike LCD screens which require back-light) therefore they are capable of displaying the \"true\" black colour, as they simply turn off and no light is being leaked out. & #x200B; QLED - It's basically an LCD screen with Quantum-Dot technology. The main difference is that in comparison to regular LCD screens, it uses blue back-light, instead of white. The quantum dots (they only have a couple of nano-meters) turn this blue back-light into colours that we actually want to see on the screen (red/green/blue). TL;DR OLED are LEDs that can \"display\" black colour (they only turn on the needed part of the screen). QLED is basically an LCD with blue back-light and quantum dots."
] |
[
22
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
doidev
|
Why can’t we just take all of the plastic and garbage that’s in the ocean and throw it in a volcano so it can melt and be destroyed?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f5o5cg2",
"f5o52k1"
] |
[
"And even if we could collect it all and burn it in a volcano, it would just turn into air pollution. It's not any different than using an incinerator."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gd72at
|
What’s the difference between us yawning and breathing normally?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fpfqxx0"
] |
[
"When we yawn we take a massive amount of oxygen and release a massive amount of CO2 which helps us relax and sleep. When you breathe your just trying to live"
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
f7zy8y
|
What determines the limits of how in shape a person can get?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fihjlvr",
"fihjpki",
"fiimr36",
"fijne1j"
] |
[
"There are genetic effects, but past history of nutrition and exercise are also factors. No amount of working out will make you as fast as Usain Bolt."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
mizx98
|
Why Do Cold Or Rainy Conditions Promote Sickness?
|
When I was a kid, all of my friends and I used to love playing outside when it was raining but all of our parents wouldn’t want us to stay out for too long because they all believed that we’d catch a cold or get sick. I specifically recall one day there was a huge amount of rain for a sustained time and we had a creek behind our cul de sac that basically turned into a small running river. Our parents all said we shouldn’t go outside but we all went to the creek and just floated down it over and over again. Over the next few days all of us got colds. Is this a commonly spread myth or is there any scientific basis behind this belief?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gt7sdb9",
"gt7paus",
"gt84z08",
"gt84ugw",
"gt7txgr",
"gt7kmyr"
] |
[
"People tend to stay inside more often when it’s cold. When people group together inside there is a higher chance of spreading the virus to more people, hence why more people get sick in the winter. It’s not so much the cold weather that makes us sick but how we shelter from it that increases the spread."
] |
[
20
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
hr5tt5
|
What the hell is virtue signalling?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fy21kx3",
"fy21laz",
"fy227t5",
"fy233xd",
"fy22fuq"
] |
[
"It's basically calling out bad behavior or social injustice *not* because you are personally concerned about fixing it, but because you know that a lot of people hate that behavior and by speaking out against it you will gain a positive reputation/feedback. And at the same time you're not really doing much about it yourself, maybe drawing attention to it but because everyone already hates it you're not changing many minds."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7551o2
|
Why don’t women use/need aftershave after shaving their legs, pits and private parts?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"do3jomf"
] |
[
"1) most people don't need aftershave 2) most people also don't use products like facial cleaners on their legs. Face skin is different, and nobody really cares about miniscule acne on most other parts of the body."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9r493y
|
How do people receive their "lifetime" supply of items like shampoo
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e8e3ik2"
] |
[
"Most of our clients give you a book of coupons that are good for free product. E.g., if you win a year of free cereal you’d get a booklet with 60 coupons for a free box of cereal. (The contest rules specify that a year’s supply of cereal is 60 boxes.)"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
910j1n
|
If soap breaks down oil, why is the sebum in blackheads unaffected by washing your face?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e2vaxhq",
"e2ukupb",
"e2up63x",
"e2upm5u",
"e2uje5k"
] |
[
"Soap doesn't really \"break down\" oils. It acts as a connector between water and oil. Water is polar and oil is nonpolar. Soap has a polar end and a nonpolar end so it acts as a hitch between the two and allows water to wash away with the oil attached. If blackheads are too deep then they won't be pulled away by just water running over them cause they're stuck in there."
] |
[
489
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
j9hbwa
|
Why do some fruits act as batteries?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g8jrpy0",
"g8k24gp"
] |
[
"The important part of a fruit battery would actually be the metals you stick into it (usually zinc as your anode and copper as your cathode). The juice inside the fruit helps oxidize the zinc and works as an electrolite. In very simple terms, you could say that copper wants electrons and zinc is not very attached to theirs, so when you connect both metals with a wire, copper starts taking the electrons it wants and that produces an electric current."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
idbwsg
|
How do plants create new structures from water alone?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g27wuz4",
"g27wtp0",
"g280md4"
] |
[
"You forget that plants photosynthesize. Light and carbon dioxide go in, and oxygen comes out. The plant keeps the carbon to build all kinds of fun molecules."
] |
[
51
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ar3906
|
Why are the English so infatuated with tea?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"egkimg2",
"egkgpjc"
] |
[
"During the 1600 and onward. at the growth of the English empire.... The working class needed a way to boost their production . Tea has caffeine. Caffeine wakes up the brain. caffeinated workers work better faster more. at its height of tea usage in the early .... The english spent as much of their $$$ on tea nationwide as the united states spends on oil. & #x200B; extra credits has a good video regarding the East India Trade company. & #x200B; [ URL_0 ]( URL_0 ) & #x200B; & #x200B;"
] |
[
10
] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgQahGsYokU"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7oxw8x
|
If Lamarckism is untrue, why are human beings still evolving?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dsd15qg",
"dsd13la",
"dsd1e85",
"dsd1yaw"
] |
[
"It's because humans evolve through natural selection, the same as other organisms. I'm not sure why you feel that Lamarck's theory would be the only way to explain human evolution, but humans aren't special in regard to evolution, they operate according to the same processes as other animals."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
757o4y
|
Why is "sad" music so satisfying when someone is drinking?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"do449hc"
] |
[
"No expert, but my guess is because alcohol is a depressant. Therefore sad, depressing music fits the mood of the person. Music also releases dopamine at certain emotional peaks, and it's also possible that this is where we get the pleasure from listening to sad tunes."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c0h0ee
|
What are the effects of tearing one's ACL and why is it regarded as a career ender in sports?
|
Im no sports fan and have very little medical knowledge, but Im curious with all these news about Klay Thompson's knee injury.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"er4kz3d"
] |
[
"Well, ligaments are the tissue that attach bones to other bones. The ACL, and MCL, are important because they're connecting the top and bottom halves of the leg. With a torn ACL, your leg has veeeeeery little support at the knee. Its difficult to put weight on it, and even more difficult to apply any force to push up or change direction. Its particularly bad in Basketball where bounce and change of direction are so critical. The other issue with tendon and ligament injuries is that, unlike muscle injuries (which will heal over time unless they're torn completely apart), they don't heal naturally if torn. This means surgery, and a long period of time where you can't work out that part if your body. It's not a guaranteed career injury like it used to be, but for players who rely on athleticism these injuries are brutal. Kevin Durant's injury was even worse. Source: years of physio and an athletic career cut short bc of these injuries."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
7y0j18
|
Why are Spain and Portugal under Franco and Salazar considered "merely" authoritarian and not fascist like Italy and Germany under Mussolini and Hitler?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ducoa6c",
"ducoa2g",
"ducrckn",
"ducw7ms",
"ducz0ft"
] |
[
"Fascism doesn't mean \"very authoritarian\". Rather, it's a particular flavour of authoritarianism — the communist dictatorships are most definitely not fascist, as anti-communism is one of the pillars of fascism! Fascism was, amongst other things, anti-religious (though they eventually toned that down), whereas both Portuguese and Spanish dictatorships appealed strongly to a catholic base. Fascism is anti-conservatism, while both Franco and Salazar were quite conservative. While they were both right-wing dictatorships (and, therefore, shared more similarities with Fascism than they did with communist dictatorships), they didn't quite go along with all the tenets of Fascism."
] |
[
56
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6iefiw
|
The UK rules on Bills of Exchange
|
So I've heard from more than one source this week that council tax is actually illegal. One of the arguments that comes up is that a Council Tax notice is not a bill and that for the tax to be legal both the payee and the council need to sign an agreement, but as the payee hasn't signed then the arrangement isn't legal. I'm trying to find out about Bills of Exchange but the explanations make me wade through a whole load of stuff and don't answer what I'm after. So what are they and how do they work?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dj5k6kc",
"dj5k05j",
"dj5k8so"
] |
[
"In regards to the council tax being illegal part unfortunately these people are very ill informed. It is law that you have to pay council tax(based on certain criteria) as per the [Local Government Finance Act 1992]( URL_0 ). By living in the UK you are agreeing to the rule of law and as such the act stands."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[
"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1992/14/contents"
],
[],
[
"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1992/613/contents/made",
"http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1882/61/pdfs/ukpga_18820061_en.pdf"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
cfr4aq
|
If mammal brains all have roughly the same structure and systems, why do drugs work so differently between families and species?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"euctyo8"
] |
[
"When it comes to the brain, effects come down to the receptor physiology (aka the exact shape and function) of the neurotransmitter receptors on neurons. Even slight differences in receptor physiology can have huge effects. For example, if one person has a dopamine receptor that lets dopamine bind slightly better than in another person, chances are that these neurons will be stimulated easier. Following this narrative (again, totally hypothetical), it may make this person more susceptible to addiction because more stimulation by dopamine is more pleasurable. This is why all people respond to things (meds, drugs, stress, etc.) differently despite having extremely similarly sized and shaped brains. It's also why many neurological and psychiatric diseases (epilepsy, OCD, depression, etc.) exist. It's unfortunately also why many of these conditions are so difficult to treat; we have a finite number of medications but a near infinite number of potential receptor physiologies to account for. Hope this helps."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
6u0aik
|
1st degree, 2nd degree and 3rd degree burns.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dloxnyx",
"dloxo6o",
"dloxmdh"
] |
[
"The degree is determined by the depth of the damage. First degree means only superficial injury, and looks red, like a sunburn. Second degree gets into the middle layers of skin, and usually ends up with blistering. Third degree reaches all the way through, and is severe enough that the upper layers might see charring. So yeah. Not something I'd explain in graphic detail to a five-year-old, but hope it helps."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6bb2sl/eli5_whats_the_difference_between_first_second/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/49236o/eli5whats_the_difference_between_a_first_second/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vlw8g/eli5_different_burn_degreestypes_of_burns/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/197m70/eli5_the_difference_between_1st_2nd_3rd_and/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
cbq1gm
|
How did the Egyptians find or extract yeast to use in their bread?
|
If you search yeast online, you'll find a ton of information about how it is used, how long ago we've been using it for, how it works etc. But there's never information of how yeast was collected, how yeast extract is made, how bakers obtain their yeast, etc. How does it work? The only answer I found was 'it comes from various fungi' but that just leads to more questions. If it is microscopic, how did Egyptians know how to collect it? How did they know that it would make their bread taste better? Does that imply that before that point, were people making bread without yeast? How do yeast manufacturers today obtain/collect/create yeast to sell to bakeries?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ethdcp6"
] |
[
"Ooh ooh! I know this one! There is yeast everywhere! Not surprisingly yeasts that are good at digesting wheat are naturally found on wheat so you get a little Jumpstart there. However, you can cultivate wild yeast by leaving a bowl containing a slurry of flour and water exposed to open air for a few hours to collect airborne yeast then and adding more water and flour daily for a few days. This is \"sourdough\" starter. It doesnt rise as quickly or as evenly as \"active\" yeast but it develops a more interesting flavor. Once you have a sourdough starter you just keep adding flour and water to replace what you take and you can keep a starter alive forever."
] |
[
17
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
gdxft6
|
How is dynamic range increased on newer cameras and why does the human eye not get blown out highlights like cameras do?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fpke7qw",
"fpkdxlw"
] |
[
"For the human eye part, the explanation is that it does not work like a camera. You do not capture a single high definition image of all you see. Most of the eye has quite low resolution and there is a single spot the fovea with high resolution. It covers a 2-degree area and you get a clear image of stuff by moving the eye around and building up a clear image ow what you see. When you do that you change the amount of light that reaches the retina as the exposure is correct for the area you focus at. Search for \"human eye-tracking heat map\" and images and you will see how human eye skips around and target the part we thing it interesting Your brain take this small clear area in combination with the less clear surrounding and build up a single stable image even if the eye moves around. If you did not look wit the fovea on a part the brain adds in information from the low-resolution data and your experience of the world. Lots of what you see in a way guesses by your brain. An optical illusion is in large part exploiting the way that the brain interprets the world. The [black and blue, or white and gold dress]( URL_0 ) is an example of how our brain manipulate information, som will use the overexposed background as information that it is overexposed and unconsciously change out the perception of color to match the perceived lighting condition but other do not and you get a different result The [Checker\\_shadow\\_illusion]( URL_1 ) is another example of how we look at stuff. Two scares with the same color white or gray depending on the surrounding square and the clear shadow. So in a simple image like that, your brain does a lot to an image. If you print the image and cut out the squares is very clear that the color is identical. This is a very clear example of how our brain manipulate what we see. Yo do the same when you look at the real world Human vision or even interpretation if an image of a screen is very complex. If fixes a lot of problems but add stuff that is not there. So it is an imperfect but quite useful system. & #x200B; I away out vision work more like if you create panorama with many images of a smaller are each correctly exposed to get a single large image. You then have the correct exposure of each part of the image. This is a lot closer to how a human eye looks at the world."
] |
[
28
] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
di7l9h
|
Why Can We "Think" Along to Songs in Different Languages, but We Can't Sing Along to Them Aloud?
|
Even without music playing, I am able to seemingly perfectly recreate the vocals and phonetics to any song I'm familiar with in my head, even if the song is in a language I don't speak. Granted: I wouldn't understand what I'm saying in terms of the linguistics, but shouldn't I be able to "pronounce" along to a song if I technically know how it sounds?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f3tsfzn",
"f3tss0w"
] |
[
"It's because singing is done by a different part of the brain than speech, it's also why stutterers can often sing just fine. The part that does the singing isn't verbally minded, so it just cares for the sounds it needs to make (as it sees your voice as a musical instrument)."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
a2g0c3
|
what exactly is “hard” water? And why don’t people want to shower in it?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eaxxi70"
] |
[
"Its ground water that filters through metallic deposits (usually iron and calcium) before its pumped out into the city system. Soft water is ground water that filters through limestone and \"softer\" minerals before its pumped out through wells to be used in city water systems. Personally, i grew up in hard water, still live in hard water and i dont want to shower in soft water. It feels like it never geta the soap rinsed off my body."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ib1gd4
|
how does data recovery work from a hardisk
|
Like how isn't anything deleted permanently and how do softwares recover it
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g1s0eyr"
] |
[
"When data is deleted by the OS on mechanical hard drives, the hard drive isn't instructed to go to where the data is physically stored and overwrite it, instead it just goes to what is essentially a giant table of contents and deletes the entry there. From here, that space is treated as available, regardless of what actually is still there. Assuming that space hasn't been used for something else, it's still possible to instruct the drive to go to that physical location and read off whatever is written there, and if it looks like a file, copy it to somewhere else. Although the problem often becomes finding where that location is, which is why many recovery programs will start looking at all the space that isn't currently used and start piecing together anything that looks like a file"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
e0y8g3
|
How do the odds in horse racing prevent you from simply betting an equal amount of money on every horse?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8jisw0",
"f8jimol",
"f8jihcw",
"f8jiz9a"
] |
[
"Because betting on the best horse might not even double the money you put down on that horse. And you would need the payout for any horse to be worth more than what you bet on all the horses."
] |
[
49
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5so70e
|
What stops anyone (terrorists) from cutting the internet wires in the ocean and what would be the consequences?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddgk4kq",
"ddgn1j4"
] |
[
"Nothing really. You could just cut the lines that lie on the ocean floor between continents. One obstacle is that they are hard to get to. Another is that it would take more than just a knife or cable cutter to sever them. As for what would happen, quite possibly nothing. The construction of physical plant is not like a string A-B-C, etc. but like an actual web. If the traffic is cut from one source, it just goes around the loop the other direction and you may not even notice. IN the early days, when someone would cut a fiber it could take a whole city down. Today you barely hear a click unless you are in some secluded place. So this doesn't happen because it would cost a fortune and come at significant risk and if you accomplished your mission it is possible that no one would notice."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
fdjvxo
|
Why do you lose you sense of hearing when you stretch certain ways?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fji2czd",
"fji2bd1",
"fji5znp",
"fji50k8",
"fji6bsy"
] |
[
"Found this from awhile back from u/[\\_Neoshade\\_]( URL_0 ) & #x200B; This is actually fascinating process. First off, your inner ear is an air chamber filled with sensitive instruments and sealed off from the world by your ear drum. It is, however, connected through your Eustachian tubes to your sinus, allowing it to equalize with changing air pressures. When you have a cold and these tubes get blocked off, diving under water or flying in an airplane can create pressure changes that are truly painful. You need to \"pop\" your ears to make it go away, or massage the Eustachians by chewing some gum. (They are effected by moving your jaw around) Now what does this have to do with stretching? When you yawn, your jaw goes way back and your Eustachian tubes open up really wide. (They're not normally wide open, otherwise you'd feel it in your ears every time you swallow.) And then you pinch them off. As you pinch them off, the continued yawning and stretching actions squeeze the tissues around your ear, and your tongue will back against your nasal passage changing the air pressure in your sinus. All of this causes flutters of pressure changes within your inner ear, as you open it, seal it off, squeeze it and release. This momentary pressure in your inner ear pushes against the ear drum and messes with your ability to pick up sound waves during the stretch. Now sometimes something really awesome happens. Your ear actually has a built-in hearing aid, and it can get a feedback loop and have to reset! There are tiny hairs(?) in your inner ear that will vibrate in response to sound, amplifying it. Now, just like when someone gets that horrible feedback squeal between a microphone and speakers, sometimes these hairs pick up a random vibration and runaway with it. You'll actually hear a very high-pitched ringing that slowly fades away to silence, with diminished hearing ability for a few minutes until the system has reset. Stretching sometimes sets off this feedback loop of hearing-aid hairs and can cause you to lose hearing volume for a couple minutes. More commonly you may just need to \"pop\" your ears after yawning to release any pressure that didn't come back out. (Do this by pushing your jaw back and swallowing)"
] |
[
335
] |
[
[
"https://www.reddit.com/user/_Neoshade_/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a5ha5r
|
What is the protocol in congressional hearings regarding behaviour towards Congressmen?
|
I was watching Sundar Pichai's Congress hearing and noticed that he seems to let Congressmen interrupt and stop him whenever they please. For example, when he was asked about whether Google was tracking his location on his phone as he moved across the room, he wasn't able to explain his answer, because the Congressman kept interrupting, quite rudely, strawmanning his points. In normal conversation, I would think Pichai would say "could I answer your question?" or something of the sort instead of having to stop every two seconds, but at the hearing he just took it and let Congressmen interrupt him constantly. Is this because of protocol in these hearings, or is it his strategy to act over respectfully towards the Government? (I'm not sure this is the appropriate subreddit so please direct me if it isn't and I'll remove this post.)
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ebmijve",
"ebmlsld"
] |
[
"Technically, you could theoretically get in trouble if you mouthed off to Congress, they could hold you in contempt, the same way a judge can hold you in contempt of court, Congress can hold you in contempt of Congress. But in practice this doesn't happen just for rudeness, it's only for breaking more serious rules, like refusing to answer questions or refusing to comply with a subpoena. I'm not familiar with Sundar Pichai's testimony, but he may have been overly deferential to appear properly submissive so as to stay in their good graces, or maybe he was intimidated, or maybe he just thought it prudent to let the politicians do their grandstanding and not try any grandstanding of his own, that might have made him come off looking better than the Congresspersons."
] |
[
7
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
k39cfo
|
What actually happens when you click on suspicious / bad links? (both PC & Mobile)
|
What series of events or what actually happens when you click on those scammy or dangerous links? How do they actually do you harm?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ge13m97"
] |
[
"Normally the initial click is not the issue (unless it wants to download and install something) You normally run the risk of being redirected to a site where further danger exists. So as an example you go to a site that spoofs(pretends to be) a legit site and tries to convince you to input personal info. Maybe they say you need to create an account before you proceed so you input an email and contact info and password then they check that email and password combo with other common sites on the off chance they can get access...(so many people use yhe same password for everything). If they can't get access they use the forgot password link and if it asks for your pets name or first car etc then they send you a reminder email to update the security for the account you created on their spoof site, they ask those questions and just like that they have your other account now. (This is only one scenario but many more exist that are way more sneaky and clever about how they trick you). If you ever suspect anything then rather google that link followed by \"scam\" or \"is it safe\" and look for published warnings. Many will show up straight away but some do slip through the net so be careful. If you have not requested anything and a link arrives for something you supposedly \"requested\" then that should ring alarm bells! I am no cyber expert and I am offering this advice based on personal experiences having helped family members who have been scammed/hacked/defrauded. Be safe all!"
] |
[
11
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
ll26jw
|
What happens when we acclimate to different weather?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gnn024w"
] |
[
"Your body constantly works at keeping you going. Heart is pumping blood, kidneys filter it, lungs exchange co2 for o2 etc. many of those can be tuned to your environment. So when you change your environment, your body learns a new normal and adjusts those patterns accordingly. Otherwise everyone living outside the „optimal“ place would be under heavy strain to their organs constantly."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jdour3
|
What is autopilot in a human? Like why is it that I space out when driving for example and you have no idea how you got to where you are at or when your walking around and then suddenly its like you regained Consciousness after being absent minded?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g99hepj",
"g9aa4yh",
"g9a5yqr",
"g9ajd8m",
"g9afoyz",
"g9a8ohh",
"g99q99v",
"g9ac6tw"
] |
[
"Its often because of something you do repeatedly, your brain does it automatically. Like if you drive the same round to work everyday, all those days tend to becomes the same, and your brain doesnt really record the experience because it knows it so well. You most likely still drive perfectly safely, observing everything around you etc. Its just that your brain doesnt make a record of the memory. Then you cant recall that specific trip but you know the route like the back of your hand."
] |
[
346
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c5mkfe
|
How is insider trading not realistically going on all the time?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"es2pbgk",
"es2sqfr",
"es2th73",
"es2u9zz",
"es2t1iu",
"es2tba9"
] |
[
"I work at a publicly traded company. We do get stock as part of our compensation. We are required to keep all our company stock in a specific account so that our activity can be easily monitored. Most of the year, we're not allowed to buy or sell our company stock. One of the requirements of being publicly traded is to release information about how the company is doing. We're only allowed to buy and sell stock for a few weeks after the company has released its earnings report. Of course, that doesn't stop us from telling our family or friends, \"Psst, you should buy some stock now,\" or \"Psst, we're going to make this big announcement in five days.\" If they were to act on that kind of information, that would also count as insider trading. That kind of thing is harder to see, but if my dad were to mysteriously make a bunch of money buying and selling my company's stock, that might eventually get noticed. But, then again, lots of types of crime go on all the time, so I'm sure insider trading does, too."
] |
[
71
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
eyj8xb
|
Why is the Iowa Caucus So Important?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fghitiy",
"fghigmo",
"fghjwhd"
] |
[
"Iowa is the first state to have caucuses in the US presidential primary session. Because it is the first, the candidate that wins, or even those that do better than expected, may get an even bigger boost in subsequent states because of this vote getting a lot of media attention across the country. Hopefully that helped."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gtkdse
|
What does first-, second-, and third-degree murder actually mean?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fscf2fe",
"fscgfyl",
"fscn3qv",
"fscf7fq",
"fscfvmk"
] |
[
"This exact definitions will depend on the jurisdiction, but follow these general idead: * 1st Degree: Premeditated murder. This mean that the killer made a plan ahead of time to end someone's life, and they went ahead and did this. All types of assassinations and hit jobs are 1st degree. One topic of debate regarding 1st degree is how much premeditation is needed. For example, let's say someone rear-ends me in my car. I get out of the car and start to argue with the guy. I get so mad, I go back to the car, grab a gun, then shoot him dead. Was my act of going back to the car to grab a gun an act of planning and premeditation? * 2nd Degree: Passion murder. This means that the killer intends to kill someone only at that very instant, and then goes and does so. In the example I described above, instead of going back to the car to grab the gun, I pull it out of my belt holster and shoot the guy. My decision to kill occurred at that very second; there was no planning. * 3rd Degree: This type of murder is sometimes called voluntary manslaughter. A quick search tells me that only three states use this legal term (Minnesota being one of them). This is when you harm without intent to kill, but the person dies anyways. It is an accidental killing, but a deliberate action of harm. Using the same car accident scenario, let's say I give the person a firm shove. Unfortunately, he falls down and hits his head on the street and dies. I wanted to hurt him by shoving him, but not kill him."
] |
[
1768
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dzxvvj
|
How does one actually buy or make a bank?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8as9f7"
] |
[
"A bank is a business. Investors put in money, and apply for a government license. Then they hire some staff, rent a building or part of one, open the doors, and start accepting deposits and making loans (or other investments)."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
60t3n8
|
Why haven't genetically modified foods been able to solve the problem of world hunger already?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"df93b2z",
"df93chh",
"df94cef"
] |
[
"The biggest problem with world hunger isn't that we don't produce enough food, it's that we can't get it to the people who need it. Corrupt governments, greedy, war & lack of infrastructure are far bigger issues than not having enough food to go around."
] |
[
14
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
j5sb29
|
Why do commercials for medications say "don't take if you're allergic to it"? If it's a new medicine for you, how would you know you're allergic?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g7u0lmv",
"g7u10vj",
"g7u13s0",
"g7u68bq",
"g7v5eee"
] |
[
"Presumably to stop lawsuits where someone says I took it and my lips swelled, but I kept taking it for another month to see if it worked better. Instead my throat swelled shut and someone had to intubate me with a spork and a straw at the KFC buffet."
] |
[
140
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5uyczi
|
In nutritional science, why are things that are considered healthy one day suddenly seen as unhealthy the next day, and vice versa?
|
Some examples: * Saturated fats being considered unhealthy, but then it turns out they don't really pose a risk. * Carbs being the most important staple of one's diet, but suddenly they're the worst thing one can consume. * Salt intake which should be limited as much as possible, but now it turns out it's not a big deal. * Coffee being bad for your blood pressure, but now it's actually considered to have some protective effects. * All alcohol being bad, but it turns out moderate alcohol consumption can be beneficial in some ways. Is it so hard to reach some consensus? It's quite confusing for the average consumer.
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddy2pbr",
"ddxt15e",
"ddxv5z2"
] |
[
"They are not though. If by nutritional science you mean health gurus and vloggers, then it's because they don't know shit and all they do is perpetuate each other's bullshit. That's why you see the fads you described. If you mean the actual scientists and official healthcare regulations/guidelines those tend to be much more moderate in their recommendations. They don't tend to demonise compounds and blame them for everything from autism to cancer to global warming. Everything is toxic in large amounts, obviously, but likewise you can't thrive without sodium (for example), which you get from your food. Alcohol is afaik the one where the beneficial effects are related to other compounds in certain drinks rather than alcohol itself. The tannins in red wine come to mind. Correct me if I'm wrong here. EDIT: grammar"
] |
[
5
] |
[
[],
[],
[
"Cracked.com"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
66t5f2
|
Why do some alcohols effect us more than others despite being the same or less in alcohol levels?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgl3yll"
] |
[
"It's mostly your own perception and not actually a difference in how the alcohol affects your drunk. Alcohol is alcohol, your liver and blood process it the same way no matter what. However, darker liquors and sugary cocktails and red wines tend to produce worse hangovers. This is not because the alcohol is different, but because they are less pure. Rather than just processing the booze, you also have to process the sugars and flavors and tannins. Despite popular belief, no sort of drink causes a different drunk. Just the amount of alcohol drunk in what amount of time does. So wine and liquor and beer can feel different because the speed of alcohol intake is different due to the volume of the liquid. You may think that tequila is your nemesis, but it's more likely that when you drink tequila you choose to drink a lottttt and feel super drunk. It's not the booze itself. But how you partook. Different drunks: sort of, only because of volume. Different hangovers: yes."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
a0arv1
|
Why does drinking something alcoholic make you feel physically warmer?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eag5mfr"
] |
[
"The smallest arterial veins that carries blood to your skin all around you gets bigger because the smooth muscle cells that controls the size of those reacts with alcohol. Your skin actually gets warmer with alcohol."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
66xv50
|
How do bionic hands work?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dgm5hrz"
] |
[
"There are different ways to trigger them. They can use invasive or non invasive input systems. A simple setup might have an EKG type sensor taped to a muscle group on the arm allowing it to measure electrical activity. When you tense one muscle group, it sees this and triggers the hand to contract. When you tense another muscle group it triggers the hand to let go. Like imagine the muscles in the stump could flex to push a switch one way or the other, except instead of a switch, it's simply a sensor that sees which muscles are tensed. Another way is by measuring brain wave patterns. When you put your mind into a particular state, it sees the change and can activate the limb. This is less useful for people with the full use of their body other than the limb, and more useful for someone who for instance may be paralyzed. An invasive method has electrodes attached to nerve bundles inside of the limb or somewhere else on the body like the brain, and when those nerves are stimulated by the person, it reads the change and triggers the limb to move."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
imdr5v
|
Why are people so afraid of GMO?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g3yu0o7"
] |
[
"Multiple reasons. People don't understand what it does. People can't stand change. We are taught that making something better always comes with a price, blatantly adding something good to an existing product conflicts with everything we are taught. Combine this with lack of understanding and fear of change and you have ANTI GMO"
] |
[
17
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
coqey5
|
The whole Jeffrey Epstein situation
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ewkjxse"
] |
[
"So he was charged with sexual trafficking of minors and was awaiting trial in jail. Two weeks ago he was found in his cell unconscious with neck injuries, he was placed on suicide watch and released a few days later. Today he was found dead, reported hanging himself. Those are the facts. What's odd is he was taken off the suicide watch at all. He should have stayed on it and there are even doubts about it being a suicide. So that leaves us to ask why would he be taken off suicide watch? It is all strange we will see what happens as more facts come out. As of now the US attorney general has ordered an investigation into the matter."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
81tuwf
|
why do get an electric shock as a human if you touch an object or another person? Like giving someone a hand for instance
|
In addition to that, is there a way to reduce the shock effect? It can be quite annoying if you get a shock every time you touch a doorknob for instance.
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dv53nqa"
] |
[
"Static electricity can build up on many things including you. When you give that electric charge the chance to ground itself is when you get that shock."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
9ut4oc
|
How can light be both a particle and a wave? What even are particles and waves?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e96yrvj",
"e96zozv",
"e974ey7"
] |
[
"It is not both a particle and a wave. It has *properties* of both particles and waves, and, at different times, can be described with math that describes one or the other. But it is something else, and we don't really have a *name* for what it is, unfortunately. All matter has the same properties, it isn't exclusive to light, though photons behave differently than protons or electrons. Usually these are all just called \"subatomic particles\" even though 'particle' doesn't fully describe them."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9cswg9
|
Who films the war videos/pictures used for documentaries or anything along those lines?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5d2l6b",
"e5d4fsp",
"e5d2s8f",
"e5d6amq"
] |
[
"Very brave war correspondents. Mainly for the accurate reporting to governments and for public consumption. Here is a [list]( URL_0 ) of some known journalists killed while reporting on wwii. I couldn't figure out how to include this as a hyper link but this is a list of famous war correspondents during wwii: URL_1"
] |
[
9
] |
[
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Journalists_killed_while_covering_World_War_II",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_war_correspondents_(1942–43)"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9adrlb
|
Why do mobile companies (Verizon, T-MOBILE) throttle your speed after certain amount of data?
|
Economics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e4up5lv",
"e4upd86",
"e4upbmp",
"e4uqopv"
] |
[
"So they can up-sell you to a bigger package, and because if everyone had truly unlimited data there would be times when bandwidth can't meet demand. Imagine if everyone was running full HD video and torrents and who knows what else 24/7 on every cellular data network."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/CellTowersAtCorners.gif"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
ashwlm
|
How is Netflix able to provide seemingly perfect subtitles to basically every show/movie on their platform and what allows them to do this so well?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"egufh76"
] |
[
"The people that make the show or movie write down the subtitles, from the script. They package that as a subtitle file inside the video file, and Netflix opens that up to show it to you if you enable subtitles."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9f73yj
|
The Sunni and Shiite conflict
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e5uba84"
] |
[
"Both Sunni and Shia Muslims agree that the Prophet Mohammed was the messenger of God on earth. However, they disagree about who took over from him when he died. Sunni Muslims believe that he did not pick a successor and that his father-in-law was rightfully elected. Shia muslims believe that Mohammed designated his son-in-law. Extreme people in both denominations consider the other to not be true Muslims."
] |
[
40
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dx5646
|
How is the brain able to exactly localize pain?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f7nf20g",
"f7ngm49"
] |
[
"Because your brain isn't the origination of the signal, you have nerve endings all over your body that transmit this information up to your brain and then your brain received the info and you perceive the pain. So, if you get stung on your hand, the nerve endings on your hand send the signal up and your brain gets the info on what kind of sensation you feel and then where the sensation was coming from, all just from the electrical and chemical signals your hand sent."
] |
[
12
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7j5yrq
|
When does deferring to scientific research become appealing to authority?
|
Im a biological scientist with a BSc. Obviously I have yet to scratch the surface on many key concepts in the field but Ive had a good overview and have been exposed to many fundamental ideas. I like to believe that I am able to quickly assess the quality of a research paper and notice any p-hacking or conflict of interests. But when I am engaged in a debate with people who have not gone through my field of study - climate change, and vaccine safety are two key examples - I constantly cite relevant studies or theories that would suggest we have a breadth of information available on the topic. Im wondering when does it become appealing to authority?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dr3v3lk",
"dr3vhvf",
"dr3wtdb",
"dr3ww8v",
"dr3ww7t"
] |
[
"It's an appeal to authority (in the fallacy sense) if you defer to a person who, in turn, did not justify his/her statement. Scientific research, by definition, does real work to justify its claims and conclusions."
] |
[
15
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
iq9qkg
|
Why do some languages like Hindu have their own alphabet but also sometimes spell words in English?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g4q97f6"
] |
[
"Because around the world English has become somewhat of a Lingua Franca, due to British colonization and American influence. You look close to anywhere in the world and you’ll see that English is one of the big languages kids/people are taught, because it’s very useful. With that, countries that don’t speak English and don’t use the same alphabet as English speakers have recently started “translating” their words into the English alphabet, spelling things like city names/building names twice on signs, once in their language and once in the English alphabet version, so even if English speakers can’t actually speak the language, they can still pronounce the name of the place on the sign."
] |
[
4
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jri6t6
|
Why does saliva get so thick and gets deposited as a layer on tongue after eating something really spicy?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"gbtc7f5"
] |
[
"Basically what is happening when you eat Capsaicin; The spicy chemical in foods, is that your tongue thinks it’s actually being physically burned with heat. Because of this, your body freaks out and causes a pain sensation and increases saliva production to try and moisten your tongue and protect it from being burned. Your tongue isn’t smart enough to know it’s just Capsaicin oil hahaha"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
e1wt15
|
Every time that I either eat, drink, or breathe I do this without thought; my body specifically knows somehow what I need. How is this complex mechanism (loose term, no I.D.) react so precisely?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f8sgm0s"
] |
[
"These are autonomic functions, amongst the most basic at that. There are neural circuits in your brain (mostly brainstem for such functions) that are preprogrammed to function a specific way, much like a computer algorithm. For things as simple as swallowing, it's just a sensor of food in a certain region of your throat, connected to a motor neuron that flexes a series of muscles with a particular timing and rate of change of contractile tone that push food down to your esophagus. Of course this is an oversimplification, but that's the gist of it. Other more complex things like breathing have a basic neural network of a basic rhythmogenecity (generates signals at a given rate). For example, this rhthym tells your diaphragm to contract every now and then, and exhaling is mostly passive (lungs going back to their default shape). But it's complex because many inputs can alter this rhthym. For example, you have sensors for acidity (as higher CO2 makes blood acidic), and the more acidic your blood the faster you need to breath to exchange more gas and normalize. Then it gets more complex because you have more inputs, voluntary inputs, where you can actively inhibit, slow down, or accelerate breathing. And another layer of complexity is that you can recruit more muscles to breathe (intercostal muscles for example) harder or exhale more strongly. And these other muscles need to be coordinated with your diaphragm and a bunch of other things. Then another layer of complexity is that, depspite having administrative rights where you can override the rhythm, you also need a built it circuit that forces you to breath when you stop too long, or when you're intentionally breathing too slow. So for this you need things like the acidity sensor to reach override privilege to your own administrative rights when it's signal output exceeds a given threshold, one at which you have dangerously high CO2. This is also an oversimplification. Then you some autonomic things like walking, which are orchestrates at the level of the spinal cord, but also brain. Here you have a large amount of sensors that measure muscle and tendon tension and that have a machine like inner workings to generate highly fine tuned gait (walking pattern). But at the same time, your brain needs to be able to override this when it wants. But simultaneously, you need to have certain sensors that detect danger and override you. Like if you're intentionally walking badly allowing your feet to trip over one another until you lose balance and are about to fall. Here you brain needs to integrate information from sensors in your inner ears that detect acceleration, linear or angular. It then computes the optimal path to correct your fall with minimal damage, and your cerebellum (a structure in your brain responsible for complex muscle coordination) processes this stuff and with the help of other regions quickly sends overriding reflexive signals that forcefully move your leg a specific way or your hands so you don't fall on your face. As you can see, these are autonomic functions. Some, like breathing are wired from birth. Others are hardwired by learning as a child. Some give you complete room for overriding and control, some give you partial room. Some receives info from a huge amount of sources, some don't. And keep in mind, these are literally amongst the simplest neural networks in your brain. They're so simple they're the most well studied. So you can appreciate the degree or complexity in actual thinking and memory and creativity and so on. To give you an idea: change of position over time is velocity right? Change in velocity over time is acceleration right? You have comprehend such things, but now go further.. Change of acceleration over time. Change of change of acceleration over time, etc. As you go higher and higher, you will find that the computation of such derivatives or integrals is incredibly difficult. It's advanced calculus, these higher derivatives are called jerk, snap, crackle, pop and so on. Well, your brain actually does the math to such levels and higher when it's trying to fine tune the flexion of your muscles and it does this in milliseconds. Our brains are smarter than we can ever be."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
70g01t
|
Why do men seem to be more tolerant to colder temperatures and often times feel warmer to the touch than women?
|
Maybe not applicable to some but me and my friends can be wrapped up in layers and boyfriends are still comfortable wearing shorts. I usually feel cold to touch and men always feel warmer. Maybe I'm just odd
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dn2umis",
"dn3w7w1",
"dn38306",
"dn3g3de"
] |
[
"Women lose heat more easily due to smaller bodies and slower metabolism Men have more muscle mass to keep them warm while women are better at conserving heat to protect any developing baby. A female's temperature also changes with her cycle due to hormones."
] |
[
19
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://loneswimmer.com/cold-water-swimming-articles-index/"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
b7mn7f
|
How do medicinal compounds survive the hydrochloric acid in the stomach? Why arent they broken down too?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ejsqmzc",
"ejss11e",
"ejsulvy"
] |
[
"Most drugs that are eaten, are **not** affected or changed by the stomach acid. Eg Aspirin/ paracetamol. They are then absorbed into the blood stream just after the stomach (jejunum usually). If a drug is known to be affected by acid, then it won't be given as an oral tablet. It will be given to a patient in a different way. Eg - salbutamol inhaler for asthma. Often, drugs are given by injection (eg most vaccines) Some can be given as a rub (eg- eczema cream) etc etc. The drugs are only given in a way that makes them fully/mostly useful to the patient. This is the pharmacological idea called efficacy."
] |
[
8
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
bvy0p6
|
Why don’t we see devices use B, C, and D batteries anymore? Or the square 9v ones?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"eptbjfj",
"epte9i1",
"eptg5p6"
] |
[
"The energy density and maximum power output of lithium ion batteries, combined with their decreasing cost, makes the idea of using large sets of C/D batteries unattractive. Why have a massive pack of replaceable cells when for a little extra cost, you can have a built in rechargeable battery pack less than half the size?"
] |
[
53
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jcbbve
|
How do those giant cranes get on top of skyscrapers during construction?
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g90b0qv"
] |
[
"URL_0 The crane build itself. The crane tower is made up of a bunch of pre built sections, so to kind of over simplify all the crane down is Jack itself up above the previous tower section, slide the next tower section in, work with that, and then when it needs to go higher again Jack itself up again and slide in another section below it."
] |
[
9
] |
[
[
"https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vx5Qt7_ECEE"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7ic63a
|
how your feet can be both freezing cold and sweating at the same time
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dqyb0r9"
] |
[
"Sweat=wet Wet=cold That and without proper air circulation inside your shoe the sweat doesn't completely evaporate so it just sits there, making a nasty stew of foot and microbes."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
c7n3th
|
How does a galaxy move?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"esgjk27",
"esgkje6"
] |
[
"Galaxies move based on gravity of their components (stars, planets gases etc) . Most galaxies have a black hole at the center , it's mass and gravity also affects the motion. Over large periods of time millions and billions of years galxies may colesce with other galaxies affecting each others movements"
] |
[
9
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5uxmyt
|
how are smart phones and tablets able to keep getting faster without ever needing a fan, when older computers with the same performance needed big fans?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ddxogcm"
] |
[
"The reason for this is that the electronics get smaller. Smaller electronics have less electric resistance, so they're able to do the same work without consuming as much power and therefore also without developing as much heat. Processing power has doubled without increasing power consumption every 18 months on average for the past 40 years. Within the last 10 years, power-to-performance ratio got good enough to allow us to develop phones that are as advanced as we have now. That said, the CPUs mobile phones and tablets are well behind the performance of laptop and desktop CPUs from the same year. They don't have the same requirements for multitasking and long term performance. A phone isn't pushed to its limits over a long period of time. It loads a website or an app, which consumes a bit of power for a very short time, then the cpu goes back to power saving. A desktop computer from 2012 is still more powerful in raw computing performance than a 2017 flagship phone. It's just that mobile phones never need that level of performance to do the tasks a phone typically does. If you make a mobile phone keep processing at 100% capacity for a long time, it will soon get very warm,and the performance of it will be more and more limited to avoid overheating. A laptop or desktop computer, on the other hand, are designed to be able to run at 100% capacity pretty much indefinitely. To achieve this, they require much more extensive cooling solutions, usually with active fans to remove the heat."
] |
[
10
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8hg7ik
|
why do things like metal and lava turn red when they are are hot?
|
Chemistry
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dyjhy5s",
"dyjl80g",
"dyjk8xm"
] |
[
"It is thermal radiation. The thermal radiation that everything emits depending on temperature. Glowing orange red is the lowest temperature that emit visible light. The hotter it gets the whiter it gets and even hotter it will look blue. The light from a incandescent light bulb and the sun is black-body radiation but it is whiter at the temperature is hotter. Thermal radiation it emitted at all temperatures but it has to be over approximate 798 K (525˚ C, 977˚ F) to be visible. At lower temperature it is only infrared light and not visible. The heat you feel radiate from hot object at lower temperature is thermal radiation but in infrared. But with special camera often called Forward looking infrared (FLIR) in militery application you can see the thermal radiation from a human."
] |
[
87
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dvffau
|
What happens to sneezes when they “go away”?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f7cd3xd"
] |
[
"A sneeze is the body's involuntary reaction to some stimulus, usually a foreign body in the nasal passage (like when you inhale dust or some harsh vapors from something). Your body sneezes to quickly expel the foreign intruder from the system. In those circumstances where you feel like you're about to sneeze, but then it subsides, that simply means that whatever initially triggered the response is no longer present and the body's urge to sneeze goes away. Typically the irritant has to persist for some amount of time to trigger the sneeze. Of course it's different for different people, but that's the ELI5 gist of it."
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
dzqqm5
|
How come a typical heart symbol is nothing like an actual heart, and how did it grow into that?
|
Inspired by another posts about stars. Is there any logic behind this development?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"f89idy5",
"f89l2gn",
"f8a2gb0",
"f8a01be"
] |
[
"Romantic story tells it is two human hearts posed right next to each other, symbolizing union, which does in fact have the shape of the symbol we’re used to URL_0"
] |
[
57
] |
[
[
"https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtHY6TQXEAEFezx.jpg"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart\\_(symbol)#Origins\\_of\\_symbol",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silphium",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(symbol)#Origins_of_symbol"
],
[],
[
"http://www.knowzzle.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/swans-knowzzle1.jpg"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
942sql
|
[deleted by user]
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e3htrs4",
"e3i06kq",
"e3huse2",
"e3i08vk",
"e3i0bt1",
"e3ifwk7"
] |
[
"Song length was all to do with being on the radio. The Doors - Light My Fire from 1966 (?)has a long instrumental in the middle which was cut out when played on the radio to keep it about 3 minutes long. With radio being far less of a factor these days, it’s probably just a convention. As for other song conventions, it’s because most popular songs follow that convention. While people may think they want variety in he songs they listen to, popular songs tend to follow a formula."
] |
[
43
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-minute_pop_song"
],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation_(music)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation\\_(music)"
]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8t7t18
|
How can certain people dislike drinking water, it seems only natural that we would love it
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e15fl3u",
"e15flq8",
"e15ijva",
"e15f8kq"
] |
[
"Our brains are fueled by carbohydrates, and consuming sugary drinks activates the reward centers in our brain. ETA: according to [this study]( URL_0 ) using sugar causes such large surges of dopamine (reward feel-good neurotransmitter) that humans may develop an opioid-like addiction to it."
] |
[
72
] |
[
[
"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2002.66"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
nx1gzd
|
How do prosthetic hands of amputees who were born without, or lost their hands know which finger to move?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"h1car2e",
"h1cadtg",
"h1dwcgj"
] |
[
"It's two different cases. If you have a hand and lose it, you have all this neural hardware that no longer works. With the prosthetic it's a matter of transferring that structure to a new outlet. If you've never had one, then you have to build the ability from scratch. Either way, it's many weeks of difficult physical therapy, just like a baby learning to control its hand, lots and lots of reps are needed."
] |
[
24
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
gijgp7
|
Why armies just stood in front of each other and fired?
|
While watching the movie The Patriot I keep seeing major battles where the 2 armies just stand in front of each other and fire. Why did they do this? This seems like a very stupid way to fight a war causing the most deaths possible
|
Engineering
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fqex7q9",
"fqf1mh5",
"fqexl08",
"fqf6w9m",
"fqf1oem",
"fqfepnm",
"fqf9fds",
"fqf9zrn"
] |
[
"Because the accuracy and firing rate of their weapons was very poor. Keeping your men together and organized allowed them to fire in a more organized way that allowed them to fire volleys in succession and en-mass, that allowed for more hits on the enemy. If everyone hid behind cover separately, and fired sporadically at individual fleeting targets that were also hidden behind cover, then no one would ever hit anything. So, you sacrificed your own concealment in an effort to actually inflict damage consistently."
] |
[
60
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
81ro11
|
How does Flash Freezing work?
|
Physics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dv4munn"
] |
[
"If you put a steak in a typical residential freezer, the freezer's air temp should be at about 0F or -17C, at that temp the inner portions of the steak will reach freezing temps fairly slowly. This allows ice crystals to form. The ice crystals will puncture the cell membrane and when the steak is thawed a lot of the water will leak out, carrying with it a lot of the flavors. In flash freezing, the freezer is extremely cold, depending on what's being flash frozen, anywhere from -100F to -300F. At that temp, the water freezes before it can form crystals. After the food has been flash frozen it can be stored at conventional freezer temps."
] |
[
5
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
9ig7zf
|
If urine is 95% water, what happens to other liquids like carbonated drinks (Coke) or juice?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"e6jerpq"
] |
[
"The other liquids you list are also mostly water. Your body extracts the other nutrients (such as sugar), and treats the water portion just like any other water."
] |
[
23
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
7zl2qr
|
Why can sound and light rouse you from sleep, but not smell?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"duouf1s"
] |
[
"You ever wake up to bacon? Or put hot sauce in someone’s mouth while they were sleeping?"
] |
[
3
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
61wbm1
|
How do heart rate monitors measure calories burned during activities?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfhu22w"
] |
[
"guesstimation basically. Heart rate correlates somewhat with level of physical activity which in turn correlates with calories burned. If you throw in some other tools like accelerometers, they can get a better idea of what you're doing (running looks different from biking looks different from swimming, looks different from walking, looks different from stair climbing) and be a little more accurate."
] |
[
6
] |
[
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
hahe8n
|
scientifically, how does a foam roller help sore or tight muscles?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"fv32ll1",
"fv2uo47",
"fv2twh2"
] |
[
"I have a BS in exercise science, and this is what I was taught about foam rolling: foam rolling is a form of myofascial release. fascia is connective tissue covering all structures in the entire body, including muscles. this fascia can be put under stress in the same fashion that muscles are during exercise, and the body works to build stronger fascia after exercise. the rebuilding process can cause “adhesions” and tightness within the fascia, which can be broken up and released with techniques such as foam rolling."
] |
[
28
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
8manvz
|
Why does putting pressure on a wound stop bleeding?
|
Biology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dzm1d2o",
"dzm1de3"
] |
[
"Your heart pumps your blood through your arteries, then capillaries and veins back into the heart. It does this by generating a pressure wave. If your external pressure is greater than the pressure inside, then the blood can't pass through the vessel. Then you just wait until the platelets come and form a clot to patch the hole up. If the vessel is too big - like a large artery - you need to keep the pressure on because the platelets won't hold. It's like when you have a hose that leaks. If you put your thumb over the leak, it stops. But you gotta push harder if the water pressure is higher. And then you patch it up with tape (platelets). If it's a big hose for a lot of water, a small patch isn't going to work."
] |
[
13
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
5rkxqk
|
How difficult is ventriloquism in other languages? Are there languages where ventriloquism cannot be performed very well?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dd84kbn",
"dd85mud",
"dd84cw9",
"dd84l3z",
"dd8470j",
"dd863bw",
"dd85eit",
"dd85h6t"
] |
[
"I imagine sign languages are not very conducive to ventriloquism. Languages that involve a lot more use of lip movement would probably be less friendly as well. However, ones that use more tongue movement and other internal anatomy might be easier."
] |
[
305
] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labial_consonant"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
61438n
|
Why do restaurants charge you for extra ingridientes but do not discount when you ask them to hold on one of them?
|
Other
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"dfbs70p",
"dfbiu08",
"dfbjxb4",
"dfbj380",
"dfbj3ue",
"dfbqwiy",
"dfbrgew",
"dfbwm9o",
"dfbixum",
"dfbma3o",
"dfbz4ju"
] |
[
"For Consideration: I work in a small, single-owner breakfast and lunch place. It's not 100% from-scratch (we don't bake the bread or make condiments, etc), but the important stuff is done in house (soup, meat, etc). When the cooks do the prep for a given day, they prep enough of everything according to proportion. The lists are made -assuming- that every burger will get X number of tomato slices, Y slices of cheese, and so on. So, although the guest skipped those slices of tomato, the restaurant already prepped them. Many things don't keep very long once prepped/sliced, so whether you eat them or not, they're \"spent.\" Just spitballin' here."
] |
[
71
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61438n/eli5why_do_restaurants_charge_you_for_extra/dfbj380/"
],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
abzxpo
|
What does "I think, Therefore I am" mean?
|
Culture
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"ed48fkh",
"ed48lmr",
"ed48mzd"
] |
[
"The philosopher Descartes said this. It means \"if you're wondering whether you exist at all, notice that you are thinking right now, so you must exist or who'd be thinking?\""
] |
[
28
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
|
jb0c14
|
why cant we create video game graphics as good as cinematics? shouldnt the texturing be the same as making video games?
|
Technology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
[
"g8sk5mh",
"g8sjj1i",
"g8sk3sr",
"g8smgrv"
] |
[
"A frame in a video game must render on a $500 computer in 1/30th of a second or less. A frame in a movie is rendered on a six or seven figure rendering supercomputer and can take however long it needs."
] |
[
24
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
[
"url"
] |
[
"url"
] |
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