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https://openalex.org/W2307263229 | Development of an appropriate model for water supply and sewerage services in Tanzania | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2307263229 | Existing water service concepts and practice within the Sub Sahara
African region, including Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Somalia, Ghana,
Senegal, Malawi, Gambia and Cote d' Ivoire, has demonstrated that, the absence
of Sustainable capital funds and appropriate water management models are the
major obstacles for water development in this region.
This thesis has critically evaluated a number of different capital funding
methods, including loans from the World Bank, to formulate an ideal theoretical
solution for water services in Tanzania. The concept of establishing capital funds
from local financial institutions, proposals for the control of capital funds, and the
provision of special training before and during implementation are key aspects of a
new approach. The research has successfully developed a new water
management model, which is sustainable and appropriate for water problems in
Tanzania (sub-Sahara African countries)
The model newly established methods for generating capital funds from
local sources including tariffs review and mass contribution has been critically
evaluated for assurance of its sustainability in practice, to protect the affordability to
all water users and assessing the value of willingness to pay when the model is
adopted.
However, the localisation through structured systematic participation and
greater recognition of water users in the model has been evaluated and identified
as a new Significant bond for making collective and effective decisions in water
services.
Furthermore, based on the designed research objectives, this research
has evaluated the differences and contributions of the new developed model in
comparison with previous practiced models (privatisation and public services) in
Tanzania to develop conclusions and recommendations for future studies. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2895955528 | Urban sustainability assessment framework development: The ranking and weighting of sustainability indicators using analytic hierarchy process | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2895955528 | The consideration of local contexts in urban sustainability assessment is important for developing countries because of their varying needs and priorities. Using Iraq as a case study, a stakeholder-driven structured methodology is presented which identifies and ranks context-relevant indicators and assigns weights for aggregating indicator scores by applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results indicate that the identified factors and their weights and priorities for Iraq were markedly different from the widely-used tools — suggesting that global tools are not directly applicable in developing countries. In contrast with the ‘ecological’ focus in the global assessment frameworks, economic and infrastructural aspects of urban development are of greater importance in developing countries. Decades of political instability and the resulting deterioration of infrastructures in Iraq are manifested in the related indicators being rated highly important by the stakeholders, and their corresponding high weighting in the developed Iraqi urban sustainability assessment framework (IUSAF). ‘Water’, ‘safety’, and ‘transportation and infrastructure’ indicators were awarded high weighting scores of 8.5%, 7.9% and 7.8%, respectively. IUSAF is envisaged to play a key role in the promotion of built environment sustainability in Iraq by stimulating market demand for sustainable buildings, cities and conurbations. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2980908062 | The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Competitive Advantage Sustainability: The Mediation of Human Capital Development and Employee Commitment | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980908062 | Academic institutions like other business organizations strive to achieve, maintain, and sustain their competitive advantages. In this study, we examined the influence of the “strategic human resources management (HRM) practices” on the achievement of “competitive advantages” that will be sustainable, with an evaluation of the mediating role of “human capital” development, and the commitment of employees in an academic environment. Six hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed to the employees of selected universities in Erbil City of Iraq. Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were employed for the analysis with the use of Smart Partial Least Square PLS. Findings from our study revealed a linear and positive influence of the strategic HRM on the sustainability of “competitive advantages”; strategic HRM was also found to positively influence human capital development and the commitment of employees to the institutions; the influence of both human capital development and employees’ commitment were found to have a partial mediation in the strategic HRM practices and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) relationship. Finally, theoretical and management implications were suggested. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3103575607 | Relationship of Smart Cities and Smart Tourism: An Overview | [
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] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3103575607 | Smart city and smart tourism terms have become very popular in the past and present decades. Research in the field of smart tourist city still fails to cover the developments of the smart tourist city. The aim of the study is to review the recent literature on smart cities and smart tourism and their role in achieving a sustainable tourism sector and enhancing the competitiveness of the country’s tourism sector and make it more developed and modern. In this study, the relationship between the smart city and the tourism is presented and to present the relationship or conceptual approach between the smart city and the smart tourism. In addition, the current situation and the potential for growth and development of tourism in Iraq through the establishment and application of smart cities is identified. The recent studies that were mentioned in this study indicate that there is a close relationship between the smart city and smart tourism and also indicate that the smart city has a fundamental role in the growth and development of tourist destinations and the smart tourist city are results of the convergence and interconnection between the smart city and the tourist city. Finally, recommendations for the smart tourism city applications in Iraq are provided. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2020-01-04-07 Full Text: PDF | [
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https://openalex.org/W2888160992 | Attitudes and Perceptions of the Local Community towards Sustainable Tourism Development in Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2888160992 | Over the last years, tourism has undergone significant development worldwide, especially in developing countries. Tourism is a multi-faced activity with positive and negative impacts on the destinations, linking the economic, social, and environmental components of sustainable development. The attitude of the host community is an important factor for future tourism planning, management, and development of a tourism destination. As such, the paper analyzes the attitudes and perceptions of the local residents from the Kurdistan Regional Government, located in the northern part of the Republic of Iraq. To achieve the purpose of the research, a survey based on a questionnaire was conducted in Sulaimani and Halabja Governorates. A number of 320 questionnaires were applied in 2016. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. The results indicate that tourism is seen as a development sector during the last years. Its positive impacts are better perceived than the negative ones, mainly because it offers more recreational opportunities due to the development of new recreational parks. Tourism increases pollution, this being the most negative aspect mentioned by the respondents, but regardless, they are proud of the progress overthe last years and they support future actions for tourism development. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2761974404 | Opportunities for Practicing Sustainable Building Construction in Kurdistan Region, Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2761974404 | The construction sector of the Kurdistan region of the Republic of Iraq has witnessed a huge development in the construction sector last ten years. However, there is a lack of awareness and legislation regarding sustainable construction in the buildings sector. The aim of the paper is to find the required mechanism to introduce sustainable practice and implement sustainable construction in the buildings construction sector in Northern Iraq. The main objectives of this study are identifying the barriers in sustainable construction in Northern Iraq and investigate the law and regulations in dealing with these barriers. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3111231981 | The impact of the sustainable development dimensions on the quality of financial reports | [
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https://openalex.org/W4297903040 | Green core competence and firm performance in a post‐conflict country, Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297903040 | Abstract Green core competence theory proposes that green core competence is needed for green innovation performance and, in turn, firm performance. We demonstrate that this theory applies in post‐conflict Iraq where green innovation performance was conditional on commitment to sustainable management and development of green technology and skills. Data from 238 Iraqi executives showed that green product and process innovation performance increased with green core competence, but only when the firm invested in people and R&D or, in the case of green process innovation, top management demonstrated authentic commitment to sustainable practices. The moderation effects of R&D investment and top management commitment reflect the national context in Iraq, where R&D investment is low and management is often constrained by inflexible bureaucracy. As countries emerge from conflict, investment in modernization of companies' internal structure, management, and capacity for continuous improvement is required if core competence is to be translated into innovation performance. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3197797174 | Does Environmental Management Accounting Matter in Promoting Sustainable Development? A study in Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3197797174 | Purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which Iraqi industrial companies are aware of the concept of environmental management accounting (EMA), to examine the role of EMA in providing information that might influence decisions related to environmental protection and preservation of natural resources to contribute to the development of sustainable development. A sample of Iraqi industrial firms was surveyed by distributing a questionnaire to a random sample of the research community in the context of Iraqi firms. In addition, it also considers the social dimensions of sustainable development and the economy. The resolution data were analyzed using a statistical program (SPSS). When analyzing the data, the findings of the current study indicate that Iraqi industrial companies have an awareness of environmental management accounting concepts. In addition it provides information that contributes to the promotion of sustainable development. This study recommends the need to implement environmental management accounting (EMA) in Iraqi industrial companies because of its important role in providing information that leads to the reduction of negative environmental impacts resulting from the practice of its activities. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2465963592 | Methods & Strategies for Sustainable Architecture in Kurdistan Region, Iraq | [
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https://openalex.org/W652392352 | Water, Environmental Security and Sustainable Rural Development | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3107067490 | Abstract The development of the concept of the city as a result of technological developments and changes is taking place in the modern era, the concept of smart cities has emerged and cities are linking their technological policies and development plans to achieve development while linking the objectives and dimensions of sustainable development to provide the best possible benefit from the available technological possibilities.The research aimed at shedding light on the practical potential of smart cities in the process of sustainable development of cities with the application to the Iraqi city of Basra. The study examined the concept of smart cities and their characteristics and components, as well as the concept of sustainable development and its dimensions while studying some of the international experiences for the establishment and transformation of smart cities (Dakota, Dubai / Mecca). The study also conducted a case study for the city of Basra and how to transform it into a smart city through a set of mechanisms, namely, the existence of intelligent objectives and strategies through which to develop a vision for the city of Basra. And building applications that help transform government services and life into an e-government system by developing the city’s ICT infrastructure, building citizens’ capacities and deploying smart applications, helping to implement the city’s e-heritage proposition. The research has reached a set of conclusions and recommendations. The communication infrastructure is the mainstay of smart cities, but it is not enough to create a smart city without the other elements (citizen, management, economy, environment, and living). The smart city is not only urban, The smart city consists of four basic components (networks - databases - applications - citizen), the smart city meets all the concepts of sustainability, and therefore the transformation of smart cities is an implicit transformation of green cities sustainable and environmentally friendly, The development of existing cities to intelligent cities depends on their available infrastructure and then develop mechanisms to develop them in order to reach a communications infrastructure capable of implementing the characteristics of smart cities. The cities studied in the experiments identified basic goals for the transformation of intelligence such as Makah, the basic principle is to develop the city’s Hajj system. Thus, each city can set the main objective in which to formulate a vision to identify priority projects. In the process of development, the transformation of cities into smart cities requires the development of vision, goals, and strategies translated into projects. Structure (Intelligent - intelligent infrastructure - intelligent environment - smart living), the strategic plan of the Ministry of Communications in Iraq can be used to develop the urban communications infrastructure and integrate applications Targeted within the smart applications of these cities as a major support in turning cities into smart cities. | [
{
"display_name": "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210189194",
"type": "conference"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2057544533 | Sustainable development after Johannesburg and Iraq: The global situation and the cases of Slovenia and Croatia | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Slovenia",
"display_name": "Jožef Stefan Institute",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I3006985408",
"lat": 46.05108,
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"display_name": "R. Blinc",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Slovenia",
"display_name": "Jožef Stefan Institute",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I3006985408",
"lat": 46.05108,
"long": 14.50513,
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"display_name": "Aleksander Zidanšek",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022453400"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Croatia",
"display_name": "Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1301669915",
"lat": 45.81313,
"long": 15.97753,
"type": "government"
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],
"display_name": "I. S̆laus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5077519332"
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] | [
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W187442982",
"https://openalex.org/W2122850324",
"https://openalex.org/W2796246777",
"https://openalex.org/W2943155306"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057544533 | The global problems facing the future of sustainable development after the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in September 2002 were at the center of attention at the Club of Rome Meeting in Ankara in October 2002. Here we discuss some of the scenarios presented at the Ankara Meeting, taking into account the situation after the recent Iraq crisis. The development of South East European countries and some of their neighbours is presented through several socio-economic indicators. The second part of the contribution is connected with the implications of the above development indicators for Croatia and Slovenia. The time dependence of some of these indicators for these two countries is presented and discussed. Countries in general face a combined problem of assuring simultaneously economic development and sustainability. All these processes have their scientific and technological, but also a political dimension, and it is frequently through the political dimension that different interests and conflicts hinder sustainable development. Comprehensive sustainable development requires research and technological development and an appropriate educational system establishing thereby a knowledge-based society. | [
{
"display_name": "Energy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2497375143",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3011329479 | A feasibility study of electrical energy generation from municipal solid waste in Iraq: Najaf case study | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
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],
"display_name": "Othman M. Hussein Anssari",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5034634886"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
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"display_name": "Esam Alkaldy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5014947811"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
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"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Naseem Almudhaffar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5012758871"
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
"long": 44.34625,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Abbas Nasir AlTaee",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078718615"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Kufa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I47229656",
"lat": 32.02594,
"long": 44.34625,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Nabeel Salih Ali",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5049531072"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Electricity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206658404"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
},
{
"display_name": "Municipal solid waste",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75779659"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Production cost",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2985847231"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Electricity generation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C423512"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134560507"
},
{
"display_name": "Operations management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Power (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C163258240"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Electrical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3011329479 | In several developing countries, the electricity crisis obstructs both socio-economic and technological sustainable evolution. Also, it leads to reducing job availability due to shut down several industries or relocate to neighbouring countries to such an issue. A Najaf City is an important holy and tourist city in the middle of Iraq country. Indeed, waste management in An Najaf City needs to be reconsidered to be used as an energy source. In this article, we investigated and listed the waste quantity which produced recently (one year) respect to waste types and types of content. Data collected from the waste products for one year and are used as a key factor to study the feasibility of generating electrical energy from collected MSWs. The proposed model was simulated and tested respect to cost analysis factor of the suggested power plant by Homer pro simulation software. Results were very encouraging and competitive to the current energy production cost based on the production cost of the Kwh prospective among the conventional methods in Iraq. The proposed scenario provide proper and secure waste proposal technique with low-cost. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210235676",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306400562",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2899557923 | The Challenges of Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Banking Industry in Iraq | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Helal Mouneer Alalie",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020883642"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Yuka Harada",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5019855418"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Idris Md Noor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071683535"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Competitive advantage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58546491"
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{
"display_name": "Rivalry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779602485"
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{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
"display_name": "Excellence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777352838"
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{
"display_name": "Service (business)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780378061"
},
{
"display_name": "Competitor analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127576917"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable growth rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134632028"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2899557923 | Sustainable Competitive Advantage plays a key role in evaluating the strategic performance of an organization. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of how Sustainable Competitive Advantage is developed and applied in evaluating the performance of a large local bank in Iraq. Due to lack of research work in this area of banking sector in Iraq, this study shall contribute to the knowledge on how banks in Iraq may apply the Sustainable Competitive Advantage and how they might turn strategic vision into potential performance. The use of the Sustainable Competitive Advantage developed here is limited to the very bank studied here; however, the approach could trigger off reflections among policy makers and other banks to start using the Sustainable Competitive Advantage. The customers tend to deal with the banks that are able to develop their banking services in distinctive way as well as wishing to respond quickly to the wishes of customers, especially if we know how much similarity there is between those services. Thus, the need is urgent for excellence as well as for achieving a competitive advantage compared to other banks. Yet, that cannot be done on the long term unless the bank has the ability to adapt to environmental variables in general and to customers desires in particular. This requires adopting a comprehensive strategy for the purpose of accommodating and amending the procedures for the provision of the service. Lately, plenty of banks are being brazen-out due to confronting considerable rivalry. This is mostly due to these banks failing to have the power of proposing for attractive offers or even having acceptable ties with customers of theirs. This paper aims at analyzing means that can help a bank securing an agile rivalry in a market that is always about competition and winning customers and business accordingly. According to what the discussion has brought up, the idea of sustainability is growing faster lately as a vital criterion marking the size of corporations react for challenges that bear a strategic core nature. According to the conclusion of the paper, there is a necessity for a bank to have the capability of overcoming the inertia of change as well as intersecting new opportunities of the relevant market. | [
{
"display_name": "World journal of business and management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210234960",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3048880873 | Studying Flexibility and Adaptability as Key Sustainable Measures for Spaces in Dwelling Units: A Case Study in Baghdad | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I135120706",
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"display_name": "Sura S. Aziz",
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{
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{
"country": "Iraq",
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"display_name": "Dhirgham Alobaydi",
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{
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{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
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"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Amna Bm Salih",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5048965101"
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{
"display_name": "Adaptability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177606310"
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{
"display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)",
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{
"display_name": "Adaptation (eye)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139807058"
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{
"display_name": "Key (lock)",
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Order (exchange)",
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{
"display_name": "Architectural engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C170154142"
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{
"display_name": "Space (punctuation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778572836"
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{
"display_name": "Living space",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992961348"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134560507"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
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{
"display_name": "Risk analysis (engineering)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112930515"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014"
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{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964"
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{
"display_name": "Computer security",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104"
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{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
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{
"display_name": "Apartment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779265402"
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{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
"display_name": "Optics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W939529053",
"https://openalex.org/W1541089309",
"https://openalex.org/W2003949182",
"https://openalex.org/W2085019478",
"https://openalex.org/W2090968811",
"https://openalex.org/W2091986143",
"https://openalex.org/W2095870167",
"https://openalex.org/W2099110282",
"https://openalex.org/W2161095262",
"https://openalex.org/W2253948785",
"https://openalex.org/W2618705089",
"https://openalex.org/W3086012220"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3048880873 | Abstract This paper studies the functional flexibility as a sustainable design option used in housing. Family medium size has been grown and their needs of social and economic conditions have changed. In order to satisfy these needs, spatial layouts of their housing have developed or modified. Flexibility that is the capacity of spatial adaptation of development has considered as a useful sustainable option in the existing design. Since 2003, there is still a clear problem of covering the rapidly escalating demand on dwellings in Baghdad, the existing housing has been suffered from the densification, although the small capacity of spaces and fixed-designs. In addition to that, a trend of building dwelling units based on the retail sales of lands has been widely adopted from people to meet their dwelling needs. This paper thus answers the question: how can Iraqi dwelling occupants evaluate the flexibility and adaptability as key sustainable measures in their own homes ? Methodology used a case study approach, Baghdad, Iraq has been selected for the case study, cooperated with the questionnaire technique to examine a set of apartments and homes. Results have shown that dwellers preferred the functional modification based on the inner space to meet the flexibility, but they have never relied on the flexibility as a sustainable tool of design. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210189194",
"type": "conference"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3098797548 | Applying Data Governance Based on COBIT2019 Framework to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Thabit H. Thabit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5008909920"
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Portugal",
"display_name": "Freelancer (Portugal)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210165935",
"lat": 38.72325,
"long": -9.139606,
"type": "company"
}
],
"display_name": "Heba S. Ishhadat",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002180816"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Omer T. Abdulrahman",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5068464228"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
"display_name": "Information governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189922023"
},
{
"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Data governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C196879817"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764"
},
{
"display_name": "Process management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195094911"
},
{
"display_name": "Knowledge management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046"
},
{
"display_name": "Information technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121017731"
},
{
"display_name": "Information system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180198813"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Management information systems",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29848774"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Data quality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24756922"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Metric (unit)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C176217482"
},
{
"display_name": "Electrical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3098797548 | Organizations should employ information technology to enhance their market positions; accelerate their activities, and reduce costs which lead to achieving sustainability. The use of information technology can expose the data of organizations to technological risks; may weaken information security in the organization that prevents the organization from achieving its desired goals. So, this research aims to identify the most important concepts of data governance, sustainable development goals, and related information technology. It also aims to clarify the influence of data governance on achieving the sustainable development goals by applying COBIT2019 framework.
 The researchers have designed a refereed questionnaire to collect data from the main 5 petroleum companies in Kurdistan region of Iraq then analyzed that data to test the hypotheses of this study.
 The researchers conclude that applying COBIT2019 framework can enhance the data governance in the organizations and help in achieving the sustainable development goals in information technology environment. Moreover, the study recommends that there is a need to strengthen data governance mechanisms essential to achieve the sustainable development goals. This suggested framework can apparently enhance the information technology infrastructure. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of techniques",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210237681",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2957623642 | Development of Possible Solution to Overcome Factors Influence on Sustainable Construction Process | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I135120706",
"lat": 33.273888,
"long": 44.3775,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Ryad Tuma Hazem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5075793911"
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{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2957623642 | The both of time challenges and technology developments are having influence on changes in the required level of any types of industries and in any country in the world. The importance of construction industry is making this sector need to develop without forgetting the negative impacts of the construction process on environment aspects. The objective of this paper is to identify the factors within negative impacts on sustainable process in construction industries by taking the vision of specialists via questionnaire techniques. The Identified factors has been divided into three groups each group associated with the concepts of integrated sustainable. The study is focused on “required actions” that have been drawn through experts to show the roadmap that will help the contractual parties to start in converting the traditional process on construction to be sustainable process. Through the conclusions can be reached facts that contribute to the adoption of sustainable standards in the construction industry in Iraq as a developing country. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4293414972 | Environmental Challenges for Fragile Economies: Adaptation Opportunities on the Examples of the Arctic and Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293414972 | The impact of climate change in the Arctic, due to the nature of its ecosystem, the wealth of natural resources and the intensification of activities for their production, is becoming more and more significant and leads to an aggravation of environmental problems in this territory. The situation is even more complicated by the imperfection of legislation and the lack of agreement between neighboring states. Despite the special location of the Arctic zone, similar problems can be found in other states. The purpose of this work is to consider environmental challenges for unstable economies on the example of the Arctic zone and the state of Iraq, to determine the possibilities of adapting similar methods to eliminate existing problems. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved in the article: 1. The environmental problems of the Arctic were identified and their similarity with the problems of Iraq was substantiated. 2. It is demonstrated that in order to solve environmental problems related to the impact of climate change, environmental protection and resource management in fragile economy states, it is necessary to create an effective management system at the global, regional and national levels; it is proved that there is a need to improve legal provisions for effective protection of fragile states from risks associated with human activities. The research methods used in this study include a systematic analysis of economic, social, and cultural conditions, including a review of statistical data and various sources. Emerging opportunities for Arctic exploration and exploitation pose a threat to the Arctic environment. Its protection is currently based on too many, often conflicting, international agreements, the domestic legislation of the Arctic states and the recommendations of the Arctic Council. It has been shown that the risk of irreparable damage is particularly high in the case of gas flaring or oil spills from an oil rig or tanker. The problems identified in this article are applicable not only to the Arctic but also to other territories with “fragile” economies such as Iraq, where the oil and gas industry is a strategic factor. Despite the obvious differences, in particular, in climatic conditions, territorial development management has common methodological approaches. The political aspects of such research are the development of unified approaches that enable territories with challenging conditions to adopt the best-integrated practices in the field of management. | [
{
"display_name": "Agronomy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2738977497",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2794289948 | LEED rating system barriers in the construction sector in Northern Iraq | [
{
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"display_name": "Lawand Wirya Shawkat",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5042528125"
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{
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"display_name": "Salar Salah Muhy Al-Dın",
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{
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"display_name": "Duško Kuzović",
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"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2794289948 | Northern Iraq (federal part of Iraqi Federal Republic) has witnessed a huge development in construction sector last ten years. However, there are lack of awareness and legislation regarding the sustainable construction in the building sector. The impact of construction technologies became a challenge front the serious problems of environmental crisis. The aim of the paper is to find the required mechanism to introduce sustainable practice and implement sustainable construction in the building construction sector. The main objectives in the paper are: identify the barriers in sustainable construction; investigate the law and regulations in dealing with these barriers; evaluate the application of LEED rating system in the construction sector. The research method in the paper is based on literature review and professional opinion through questionnaire. The paper list the most important barriers for implementing sustainable construction, the suggestions to apply LEED rating system, and recommendations to improve and develop sustainability in construction sector at Northern Iraq. Â | [
{
"display_name": "Industrija",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2736698024",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3155188955 | Evaluation of the sustainability of the urban development sector in Iraq | [
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"display_name": "Cardiff University",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1793479476",
"https://openalex.org/W2015685738",
"https://openalex.org/W2025189029",
"https://openalex.org/W2040179206",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3155188955 | Abstract Aim: Sustainability is now considered an important consideration of the urban development sector in terms of reducing undesirable impacts on human life and environment. This has led to the development of best-practice patterns and integrated elements of urban planning and design and the implementation of sustainable technology scenarios. Furthermore, urban development projects to promote unique solutions for various urban fields, as well as access to the potential inherent in urban development projects, whether existing, planned, or under construction, have been identified as extremely important. Identifying local urban challenges to existing development projects by investigating stakeholder perceptions can help determine the actual situation and offer an accurate view of the size of the challenges faced by such projects. Furthermore, measuring such projects’ quality, performance, and applicability in different urban environments, particularly in developing economies, such as Iraq is necessary. Methods: A national survey was conducted to identify and investigate crucial challenges faced by the urban development sector in Iraq. Several important statistical tests were then applied to investigate the relationships between the identified items and the demographic characteristics of respondents, as well as to evaluate the sustainability of study indicators in terms of availability, public acceptance, and quality from stakeholders’ perspective in Iraqi cities. Results: The survey achieved a response rate of 59.4% (n = 1,496) across all Iraqi regions. An 18-item scale related to the main topic was thus presented, with stakeholder’s perceptions on each item evaluated on a 6-point Likert scale. Public awareness of the importance of sustainability was reflected in the fact that about 42%of the respondents were highly concerned with urban development, and well informed about sustainability issues. This offers an optimistic take on people’s interest in sustainable urban projects in Iraq. About 71% of the participant were prepared to pay extra fees to live in a sustainable city in the future. However, the “Use of renewable energy” (mean = 1.77) was ranked lowest, based on it being generally “not available” for use. Conclusion: the urban development sector in Iraq faces numerous challenges, both in terms of service quality and availability. This reflects an urgent need for the immediate development of sustainable practice in urban development projects. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2768165215 | Development of an Assessment Strategy for Urban Regeneration Projects in Historic City Centres in Iraq | [
{
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"display_name": "Aqeel Qusay Al-Mosawi",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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] | [
"Iraq"
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"https://openalex.org/W1548351778",
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"https://openalex.org/W2091135319",
"https://openalex.org/W2491209777",
"https://openalex.org/W2522853595"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2768165215 | In the Iraqi context the importance of urban regeneration in improving the conditions of the physical environment is still not recognized. Furthermore, the rise of urban regeneration initiatives in Iraq due to the deterioration of the physical urban heritage in Iraqi cities, leads to raising the questions about the level of success of these initiatives in finding sustainable solutions to the urban problems with regard to heritage conservation. The current study attempts to develop a suitable assessment strategy for local regeneration projects and to explore possible alternatives which can assist in reorienting urban design strategies towards more sustainability based on assessment of the urban design aspects against a set of performance criteria and indicators.The study argues that urban design is integral to the process of urban regeneration achievement and assessment; through identifying the relationship between urban design principles and sustainable development objectives in the regeneration practises. Based on that, indicators were identified to form the skeleton of the assessment strategy to measure the performance of urban regeneration at the local level. These indicators underwent a detailed evaluation process, with the help of local experts. The research methodology and findings would enrich the related academic fields and will help to strengthen the understanding of urban designers and local stakeholders on how to plan sustainable regeneration projects and create sustainable communities. To ensure that the derived strategy is theoretically and practically feasible, an urban regeneration project as case study was selected and assessed against individual indicators. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Sustainable Development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764577278",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4310734093 | A University Control Systems Development Using the Strategic of Sustainability: Survey Study in the Iraqi Private Universities | [
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{
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"display_name": "Mustansiriyah University",
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"display_name": "Nedhal Aziz Mahdi",
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"display_name": "Zeina Khdier Abass",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4310734093 | Purpose: The research aims to try to develop university monitoring systems based on sustainable development indicators, by formulating a proposed path for the possibility of integrating its dimensions within the strategy of the Iraqi private universities. Theoretical framework: The university's strategy is to fulfill its social responsibility towards society and the environment to achieve value for stakeholders associated with Iraqi universities in the long term. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample they are final statements and financial reports issued by the Board of Supreme Audit for the number of private Iraqi universities; there are 30 universities. As well as management reports issued by the concerned authorities for universities in Baghdad for the Iraqi private universities in the capital for the period (2016.2017). The questionnaire was used as research tool; Findings: Non-application of international accounting and auditing standards in private Iraqi universities, which highlights the lack of preparation of long-term reports in private Iraqi universities for sustainable development in future. Research, Practical & Social implications: the sustainability report represents a structured presentation of the economic, environmental and social performance of the economic unit, thus helping to maximize the long-term value of the unit. Originality/value: Presenting a proposed path for the Iraqi private universities to develop university control systems by integrating the university's strategy with the sustainability strategy | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Professional Business Review",
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{
"display_name": "JBReview",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401606",
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{
"display_name": "Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)",
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https://openalex.org/W4386298417 | The Role of Green Banking in Achieving Sustainable Development | [
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W89252602",
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"https://openalex.org/W2888940799",
"https://openalex.org/W2967769829",
"https://openalex.org/W3010487841"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386298417 | this paper tries to explain the main essential concepts of Green Banking; in addition to the products as well as services under this concept; moreover, explains the role of Green Banking towards achieving sustainable development. Design, Methodology, Approach- This paper depends on one main hypothesis that is; Iraqi Banks have the essential elements to adopt Green Banking. Certain Iraqi banks are involved in this study, and due to achieve the main object of this research, Greening Banking dimensions and indicators had been used to illustrate the extent of banks’ environmental as well as social commitments. Findings- The rank of environmental and social commitment of banks are really increased obviously with some banks especially those who encouraged by Central Bank of Iraq CBI and Iraqi Ministry of Finance. Originality- Value- Green Banking concept is novel and due to rapid changes, that happened around the world in general and in Iraq in specific. Although many natural sources of energy, but unfortunately for many decades Iraq have been known as unilateral economy, and, it could be a good chance to search for this concept and serving banking literature with such papers like this to enrich the theoretical side and invest these theories and transfer them into action. | [
{
"display_name": "Studies in big data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219266",
"type": "book series"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2055779390 | Urban Heritage in Baghdad: Toward a Comprehensive Sustainable Framework | [
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"display_name": "Akram Jassim Al-Akkam",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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"https://openalex.org/W644527955",
"https://openalex.org/W646431494",
"https://openalex.org/W1989390497",
"https://openalex.org/W1989953817",
"https://openalex.org/W2024514480",
"https://openalex.org/W2026578440",
"https://openalex.org/W2051474035",
"https://openalex.org/W2057267641",
"https://openalex.org/W2078000093",
"https://openalex.org/W2479307739",
"https://openalex.org/W2514065730",
"https://openalex.org/W2533186362",
"https://openalex.org/W3084320120"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055779390 | Architectural heritage is the most important legacy of civilisation and through it we can readily grasp the history of nations. Architects, urban planners and policymakers are now aware that historic cities require regulatory mechanisms if they are to maintain and enhance the fabric upon which their historicity and economic vitality is based. The historic areas in Baghdad, like those in Iraq, are suffering from declining infrastructure, a deteriorating environment, a lack of modern facilities, high unemployment rates, collapsing social impact and weakness in its urban institutions. Such pressures have brought into focus the extent to which sustainable development policies can contribute to the management of change in historic areas. A central objective of this investigation is to explore how the conservation-led regeneration of historic areas in Baghdad may be carried out in a way that promotes social, economic and environmental sustainability, and the full participation of all stakeholders. To achieve the research objective, the main theme, a hypothetical comprehensive model, and a plan and action plan are proposed. The conclusions reached demonstrate that to achieve the strategy of immediate sustainable conservation-led regeneration, the government should contribute to such conservation projects and support the formation of an institutional framework. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Sustainable Development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764577278",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2902466278 | Institutional Framework Sustainable Transportation for Iraq | [
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
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"https://openalex.org/W2046849252",
"https://openalex.org/W2159205749",
"https://openalex.org/W2594205733"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2902466278 | One of the most important pillars of sustainable development in all sectors is governance and decision-making. The transport sector in Iraq suffers from inefficiency and efficiency in its performance and development of other sectors. It is considered the biggest source of environmental pollution and the deterioration of the local and regional climate of Iraq because of traditional transport and traffic plans. The need for role of governance and decision-making in the Iraqi transport sector and make it sustainable need to develop an institutional framework through which the roles of different institutions and stakeholders in terms of financial management and decision-making, as well as adoption of the labor market approach that encourages the work of the private sector. The research concluded that governance and decision-making should be activated in all sectors; the transport sector is part of the overall system. The research recommended that the proposed framework be adopted as the starting point for a sustainable transport system to be applied in all Iraqi cities. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4206324915 | The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Achieving Sustainable Development in Iraq: An Analytical Study for The Period of 2010-2018 | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206324915 | This study aims to demonstrate the role of foreign direct investment in achieving sustainable development in Iraq. The Iraqi Investment Law No. (13) for the year 2006 and the amendments attached to it for the years 2009 and 2015 serve as a legal cover to grant many privileges and tax exemptions to foreign investors in order to attract more of them into the country. As Iraq is a developing country, it is in dire need of foreign direct investment to advance its economic and service reality by financing development programs and plans. The need for direct foreign investments to be directed towards the productive sectors. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W3048701913 | Change in land-uses of Ramadi city and its influence on public transportation sustainability | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3048701913 | Abstract The transportation system in the city of Ramadi, like other Iraqi cities, suffers from many problems for many reasons, notably, changing land uses there. Since the mid-nineties, the change from residential to commercial use was common in Ramadi, and the absence of successful and sustainable planning has exacerbated the problems more due to a large number of planning violations. Here lies the problem of the study, which is the negative impact of the change on the sustainability of urban transportation. In order to address such problems, there is a need for in-depth knowledge of the impact ratios and their reasons for resolving the various transportation changes under study, which is the sustainability of public transport for its significance, and it is deeply affected by changes in land uses. The aim of the study stems from impact standardization and its spatial location and analyzing it by using geographic information systems. The model can be adopted and circulated to the rest of the Iraqi cities in order to present a vision to address the negative impact resulting from the change in land uses and to achieve the goals of sustainable planning for the urban area. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4205761068 | A Sustainable Framework to Reduce Traffic Accidents in Baghdad City | [
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"Iraq"
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"https://openalex.org/W2069365545",
"https://openalex.org/W2809087391",
"https://openalex.org/W3009458702"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205761068 | Abstract Traffic accidents are the most critical problems related to safety and security in the city, and they have negative effects on human life and psychological, health, and economic impacts on people, society, and the city. After 2003, the number of cars increased in Iraqi cities and traffic accidents increased, as the number of traffic accidents in Iraqi cities reached between 8-11 thousand accidents annually during the period 2012-2018. The percentage of accidents in Baghdad Governorate 12.1 % of all incidents in Iraq, 66% of accidents in Baghdad Governorate are inside the Baghdad city (the capital), divided by 70 % in Rusafa and 30% in Karkh in 2017 and 2018. By preparing a questionnaire on the causes of accidents in Iraqi cities, it showed that the most important reasons are the lack of adherence to traffic laws and the weak knowledge of them and old laws and their non-conformity with technological developments and communications in the transport sector. The research proposes to develop an integrated framework that adopts sustainable transport along its social, institutional, and economic aspects to solve the problem of accidents in Baghdad city. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210195883",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4296312143 | The Influence of Crisis Management, Risk-Taking, and Innovation in Sustainability Practices: Empirical Evidence From Iraq | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296312143 | Aim/Purpose: This study examines the impact of decision-making, crisis management, and decision-making on sustainability through the mediation of open innovation in the energy sector. Background: Public companies study high-performance practices, requiring overcoming basic obstacles such as financial crises that prevent the adoption and development of sustainability programs. Methodology: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to the closure of businesses in Iraq, a survey was distributed. To facilitate responses, free consultations were offered to help complete the questionnaire quickly. Of the 435 questionnaires answered, 397 were used for further analysis. Contribution: The impact of crises that impede the energy sector from adopting sustainable environmental regulations is investigated in this study. Its identification of specific constraints to open innovation leads to the effectiveness of adopting environmentally friendly policies and reaching high levels of sustainable performance. Findings: The impacts of risk-taking, crisis management, and decision-making on sustainability have been explored. Results show that open innovation fully mediates the relationship between the factors of risk-taking, crisis management, decision-making, and sustainability. Recommendations for Practitioners: The proposed model can be used by practitioners to develop and improve sustainable innovation practices and achieve superior performance. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers are recommended to conduct in-depth studies of the phenomenon based on theoretical and empirical foundations, especially in light of the relationship between crisis management, decision-making, and risk-taking and their impact on sustainability based on linear and non-compensatory relationships. Impact on Society: This study provides a reference for organizations with similar cultural backgrounds in adopting sustainable practices to minimize pollution in the Iraqi context. Future Research: A more in-depth study can be performed using a larger sample, which not only includes the energy industry but also other industries. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W4293055703 | The Nexus among Good E-Governance Practice, Decentralization, and Public Administration for Sustainable Local Development | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293055703 | The formulation and implementation of development-oriented public policies, particularly in a post-conflict state like Iraq, requires empirical investigation. Consequently, this study investigates the effect of effective e-governance practices and decentralization on public administration in the Erbil district of Iraq. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of decentralization as a mediator between good e-governance practices and public administration in relation to the sustainable local development of the Erbil city. The sample of 409 employees of the Erbil municipality who participated in the survey was analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of WarPLS 7.0. The results of the study revealed a significant correlation between e-governance practices and decentralization and public administration. In addition, it was discovered that decentralization has a significant effect on public administration. The finding of a significant negative relationship between e-governance and decentralization suggests that e-governance has a negative impact on decentralization in Erbil. The implications of the study are discussed, and the study suggests that devolving power and authority to subunits in Iraq would enhance public administration and promote sustainable local development. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S130298280",
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|
https://openalex.org/W2798366186 | Assessment of environmental and governance sustainability of Iraqi middle provinces | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2798366186 | This research is part of a larger study regarding building the integrated framework for sustainable development of urban planning for Iraqi provinces. The study area covered 7 Iraqi middle provinces. The research aims to assess sustainability for two dimensions of sustainability: the environmental dimension and the government dimension. The environmental and government sustainability assessment was based on the construction of a hierarchy framework with two levels (level of categories and level of indicators). The environmental dimension consisted of 7 categories and 33 indicators. The government dimension consisted of 6 categories and 17 indicators. The Sustainability Index was found using the Multi criteria Analysis (MCA) method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2561100425 | The Mechanisms of achieving and rating urban sustainable neighborhood projects in Baghdad city (Hypothesis academic vision) | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2561100425 | This scientific study seeks to shed the light on the first academic sustainable housing projects study designed by the fourth stage students in Baghdad University- Architecture Engineering Department, 2015, in a site in Baghdad city chosen for its environmental and site potentialities that achieve urban sustainability. The idea of the academic project is adopting urban sustainable neighborhood principles starting with the development and planning level, mixed uses strategies, the application of TOD and green transportation, site and green natural areas preservation, reaching to the design level by designing compact within contemporary housing clusters which applied green technologies from the use of renewable energies like solar panels, green roof gardens, water recycling, to the designing detail of an eco-house in urban orchard area. Finally, the researcher seeks to rate the projects according to (LEED -ND) rating system to measure the level of sustainability in some of the best- chosen academic projects in order to study the possibility of achieving the universal principles of the sustainability in the local projects. The findings are so many creative academic projects which showed two main results, firstly the possibilities of applying the universal principles of urban sustainable neighborhood in Iraqi cities in general and Baghdad as a case study to achieve urban sustainability and secondly the necessity of developing a local Iraqi urban sustainability criteria and rating systems suit with Iraqi environment and work with the local microclimate. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W2609119054 | Evolved Sustainable Building Engineering in Vernacular Architecture of Kurdistan | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2609119054 | Vernacular Architecture in Kurdistan is a widely understudied subject. Whilst rapid development is taking place across the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the lack of a clear knowledge of local building traditions has led to the loss of locality and engineering adaptability of newly developed buildings. Advances in mass development in the Kurdistan region need to have clear signs of Kurdish cultural heritage alongside lasting and sustainable solutions. The study of mountain villages of rural Kurdistan will provide valuable information about sustainable building practices as well as cultural values in regional settlements. This in turn will be useful in finding more adoptable green choices in the region and identifying the characteristics of the evolved building engineering of these indigenous settlements. This paper will first describes the characteristics of the evolved engineering and sustainable adoptions of Kurdish historical building traditions through selected site visits to Kurdish vernacular settlements and then analyses the building customs of rural communities of Kurdistan for possible adoption in contemporary developments. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W3043490026 | Urban upgrading and its role in Sustainable urbanism | [
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"Iraq"
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"https://openalex.org/W2560692392"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3043490026 | Abstract One of the biggest problems in the modern urban environment is the phenomenon of the spread of slums, which are threatening the future of the Iraqi city, and this phenomenon has become increasing over time and has become a danger spread in most Iraqi cities. The problem of research: is in the knowledge gap related to the role of the urban upgrading of the slums and the knowledge of the integration of these neighborhoods with the mother city to achieve the process of sustainable urbanization of this city. The research assumes that achieving sustainable urbanization is through the urban upgrading of slums. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reach a theoretical framework that shows the indicators of the spatial organization of the random neighborhoods and the detection of the treatments of the negative characteristics of these neighborhoods to achieve the quality of life which achieves the sustainable urban form. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, theoretical framework indicators were applied to areas of random neighborhoods in the city of Baghdad. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3084482026 | Employ 6D-BIM Model Features for Buildings Sustainability Assessment | [
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"Iraq"
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"https://openalex.org/W857085318",
"https://openalex.org/W1969334115",
"https://openalex.org/W1985194829",
"https://openalex.org/W1992277548",
"https://openalex.org/W2019060119",
"https://openalex.org/W2040298284",
"https://openalex.org/W2042411556",
"https://openalex.org/W2052531283",
"https://openalex.org/W2089238886",
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"https://openalex.org/W2626468817",
"https://openalex.org/W2791300204"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3084482026 | Abstract To translate sustainable concepts into sustainable structure, there is a require a collaborative work and technology to be innovated, such as BIM, to connect and organize different levels of industry e.g. decision-makers, contractors, economists, architects, urban planners, construction supplies and a series of urban planning and strategic infrastructure for operate, manage and maintain the facilities. This paper will investigate the BIM benefits as a project management tool, its effectiveness in sustainable decision making, also the benefit for the local industry key stakeholders by encouraging the BIM use as a project management tool to produce a sustainable building project. This paper presented a basic idea about the Building Information Model (BIM) technique and explain the levels of BIM and its dimension, the potential of BIM in sustainability design and the role of BIM in sustainability aspects had been discussed. The role of BIM in the planning and design stages explained the BIM role in sustainability rating system and grant credits in classification processes. Processing of creating 6D had been detailly explaining starting from the framework (ISO 1440) which adopted in the processing of establishing 6D complete system, phases of this system, and development steps from 3D to 4D, 4D to 5D and 5D to 6D. The 6D model features in the sustainability buildings had been explained in this research. As a result, many conclusions have been reached, the most important is there are still significant constraints in adopting of the integration approach between the (BIM) technology with sustainability in Iraqi buildings projects, both are facing great challenges in terms of economic, technical and the awareness level of government and society. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210189194",
"type": "conference"
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|
https://openalex.org/W2995201342 | The idea of pedestrian pockets as a key for successful transit-oriented development for Najaf city-Republic of Iraq | [
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{
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"display_name": "M H Al-Sawafi",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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"Iraq"
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"https://openalex.org/W2010817934",
"https://openalex.org/W2801273766",
"https://openalex.org/W2908051826"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2995201342 | Abstract The article discussed one of the trends for new urbanism movement, namely transit-oriented development and pedestrian pockets. Two zones were examined within the city of Najaf in the Republic of Iraq, where two pockets were identified within the city were Maidan and the Sadrain squares. Three criteria were identified (land use, density, transport), then the indicators were derived from the criteria and their limits were defined to achieve a sustainable urban form.The analysis process was applied using the GIS environment. According to the results, It has been identified as the most important measures the most positive and negative characteristics of Maidan and the Sadrain squares and recommends the procedures to be carried out for the purpose of developing the two pockets, so as to help stakeholders decisions–making in the development of urban projects. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210189194",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4312534883 | Urban sustainability in Old City Centres, a Comparison Between the City of Najaf in Iraq and Italian Cities Experiences | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4312534883 | This paper discusses the current situationinold cities ofIraq, whichis not commensuratewiththe highprestige andsanctity ofwhatit containsandwhatit represents of rarityandtypicality. The aim of the research is tobuild a baseof knowledge about the urbansustainabilityin development ofthe historiccity centers and in particular city of Najaf,the center ofNajaf. The research also explores the possibilities of benefiting from theItalian citiesexperiences to reach a state ofconsistencyand harmonybetween the variousplanningdimensions, tokeep thefunctional, structural and spatialsustainabilityandcultural heritage, and tocreatea sustainable environmentfor theoccupants, visitors and workers. Theoretical part of the paper includes definitions for methods of dealing with historic cities then displays the treaties and conventions, which are important as they represent the gist of schematic scientific thought on the global level, Iraq is committed to (such as Athens Conference, the Hague Act 1954, Gobineau Conference in 1960, UNESCO 1962, UNESCO in 1962, the Kyoto criteria in 1967, the Paris meeting in 1968, the Rome Conference in 1972, the Rome Declaration in 1983, etc.) Then, second part studying Italian cities experiences of the historic centers, for example (Florence, Venice, Bologna), It is important to have a precise analysis according to the approved urban sustainability criteria. In the third part, the paper presents the condition of the old city of Najaf through the available information and field work, which included obtaining information on the structural, demographic, economic, administrative, religious, cultural and environmental aspects and the infrastructure in the old city of Najaf to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses. After comparing with the Italian cities experiences, the paper proposes plans for the restructuring of the old city of Najaf Ashraf and then recommendations. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4322774587 | Perspectives on the Impact of E-Learning Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic—The Case of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq | [
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},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
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{
"display_name": "Earth Summit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780568229"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6303427"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W114264165 | The 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg had come to a sad and apprehensive end. Many of us felt that the corporate world had dealt the death-blow to all hope of saving the planet's environment and biodiversity: turned their backs on the world's poorest people, and would soon plunge us all into war in Iraq. The Australian government had put in a shameless performance; Tony Blair had only attended so that he could promote the British firm that planned the privatization of drinking water in South Africa and Mozambique; and, embarrassingly or not, George W. Bush refused to attend the conference. © Editions Rodopi B.V. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3138375850 | Application of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept to measure the maintenance performance of buildings | [
{
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{
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"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
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{
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{
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],
"display_name": "Zahraa Abdul Kadhim Jawad",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
"display_name": "Computer security",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C38652104"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1907253742",
"https://openalex.org/W1945620136",
"https://openalex.org/W2024673224",
"https://openalex.org/W2037620471",
"https://openalex.org/W2090428649",
"https://openalex.org/W2125247113",
"https://openalex.org/W2143694880",
"https://openalex.org/W2157585699",
"https://openalex.org/W2766918877",
"https://openalex.org/W2810922281"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138375850 | Abstract Measuring maintenance performance is necessary to ensure that maintenance achieves the required goals and to enhance the preservation of the building, as most government institutions rely on traditional financial measurement methods to measure performance and this is not sufficient, as the social and environmental aspect play a prominent role in improving work performance, preserving the environment and achieving user satisfaction. This study aims to find out the applicability of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology to measure maintenance performance of government buildings in Iraq. A questionnaire was conducted for professionals in the field of building maintenance. Analysis of the questionnaire that was answered by (75) engineers revealed that the most influential factors in applying the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology; are the quality and age of work and its impact on the environment, income (wages), the raw materials used in the work, user satisfaction, the age and quality of the building, management quality, the financial performance of the company. Also, the indicators that can be applied locally according to the questionnaire are; occupational safety practices, professional development, materials, contribution to the field of unemployment problems, transportation, the indirect economic impact on society, human rights (child labour), product responsibility (user’s safety), suppliers, security aspects, transparency, products, and services. We found that the most important obstacles that hinder performance measurement, are multiple and conflicting priorities and objectives. Three case studies were taken for government building maintenance projects, to obtain more accurate and realistic data for the factors and indicators obtained from the questionnaire, by analysing case studies, we find that the most important factors are; They are the age, build quality, quality, working life and its impact on the environment and financial performance. Also, the indicators that are most applicable to local institutions; are occupational safety practices, human rights (child labour), product liability, professional development, and participation in the field of unemployment, materials, and transportation. Therefore, it can be said that the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) methodology can be applied in measuring the maintenance performance of government buildings in Iraq, thus developing the reality of government building maintenance developed. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W1538922190 | ACTIVATING HERITAGE TOURISM IN AKRE CITY BY APPLYING SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM APPROACHES | [
{
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{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Duhok",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I6033180",
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"display_name": "Maha J. Malaika",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Duhok",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I6033180",
"lat": 36.86709,
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"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Layla M. Raswol",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5031139453"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18918823"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Cultural heritage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60671577"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
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{
"display_name": "Natural (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Sustainable tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778734068"
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{
"display_name": "Tourism geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75545042"
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{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
"display_name": "Heritage tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781205358"
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{
"display_name": "Industrial heritage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123253695"
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{
"display_name": "Natural heritage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777060688"
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{
"display_name": "Cultural tourism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778057375"
},
{
"display_name": "Cultural heritage management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C93371752"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1538922190 | Kurdistan Region has almost integrated tourism elements. It is one of the few areas that have diverse aspects of tourism, cultural combination and natural resources. Akre city is a mountainous city in North Iraq/ Kurdistan it is related administratively to Duhok governorate. Akre is a good example of various types of tourism such as natural, cultural, historic, treatment and eco-tourism; as well as its distinguished character in design and buildings. Through the last two decades the city faced neglect in preserving its heritage specially, and its construction generally. This research is a study of Akre city from touristic aspect, trying to highlight the most important features in the city heritage in order to activate the heritage touristic activity as a major contributor to cultural, economic, and social activities of the city.The research will study the existing situation ,and apply sustainable approaches by promoting heritage tourism as an attractive economic revitalization strategy, and one of the important means to develop historical , religious, and cultural tourism. | [
{
"display_name": "European Scientific Journal, ESJ",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764799362",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3086828853 | The Impact of Materials’ Technology on Sustainability of Buildings | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Aseel Abd Alhaleem Latif",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Hala Shamsi Mohammed Aldiwani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047291985"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C202702835"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776650110"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C148803439"
},
{
"display_name": "Building design",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190831278"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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{
"display_name": "Construction engineering",
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{
"display_name": "Risk analysis (engineering)",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3086828853 | The evolution in materials’ technology in the last decades resulted in interesting projects that aimed at preserving the environment and energy and reduce pollution. They have been taken the principles of environmental design as a basis for architectural thought, starting from the early stages of the design process ending in choosing appropriate building materials to achieve sustainable buildings, but these trying are limited in our local environment and there isn’t demanded seriousness. The research problem emerges in the ignorance of the environmental aspect (ecological system) when selecting building materials during design process to achieve sustainable buildings. The aim of this research is revealing the mechanisms of selecting building materials to improve the functional performance and reduce the negative effects on the environment and preserve its resources and the ecological systems as much as possible according to the following indicators: Embodied energy, recycling, durability; to assist architects and specific engineers in making decisions that have a significant impact in achieving sustainable buildings in the local environment and the possibility of application in Iraq . | [
{
"display_name": "Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210214187",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4297901073 | The Green Network Panoramic Vision | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "Tishk International University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I908820301",
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"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Seema K. Alfaris",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297901073 | Most cities worldwide suffer from the unequal distribution of urban areas and country areas around them and the growth of dangerous environmental issues. One of the primary causes of the imbalance is the continued expansion of building blocks and urban development against the open spaces and green areas either in or out of cities. Furthermore, the natural landscape, in general, has a significant impact on protecting the climate from rising temperatures and pollutants. So the aim of this research is to identify a panoramic vision of a green network and get to use sustainable land in a strong and socially solid society. As a result, the research problem reads: there is dispersion and disintegration in urban open space planning and its development. To solve the research problem, a hypothesis is proposed stating that “the absence of a panoramic vision of green networks and disconnection with the surrounding region is one of the most important causes of dispersion in those spaces”. Erbil city is one of the Iraqi cities in the northern part, was chosen as a case study to examine the green network components or elements. The results showed that Erbil has many aspects of the green network. This study offers some suggestions to fulfill the missing parts of it. | [
{
"display_name": "Cihan University-Erbil scientific journal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210176019",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4214835422 | role of urban preservation to achieve sustainable urban development – Preserving Erbil Citadel as case study | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
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"display_name": "Nahrain University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I56409017",
"lat": 33.34058,
"long": 44.40088,
"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor Al Ani",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5073319954"
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] | [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2019511459",
"https://openalex.org/W2789318885",
"https://openalex.org/W3085986243",
"https://openalex.org/W3192440747"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4214835422 | Cities in the world transformed from traditional aspects to sustainable aspects, this transformation need to consider preserving urban heritage as one of the goals of sustainable development agenda 2030. From this view, the research problem appears from the lack of clarity of preserving urban heritage as part of culture and urban sustainability. So, the research aim tries to reach the role of urban preservation to achieve goals of sustainable urban development, and chose Erbil citadel as the first implemented preservation project in Iraq, which adopted 2014 in the world heritage list by UNESCO, which need to integrate preserving urban heritage with sustainable development goals. That will lead to prevent loss of heritage stock, and integrate all goals that contribute to revive the historical buildings in the life of city and society. The research concludes the continuation of this cultural heritage and its effectiveness in completing principles of sustainable development, especially, resettlement of the original inhabitants who removed from it, to be as integrated global model for the traditional human natural and cultural life, and integrated with surrounding urban fabric, instead of their decision to converted citadel as a museum. | [
{
"display_name": "Acta Scientiarum Polonorum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202779",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3192747345 | The city’s ecological applications and standards in ALAMARA city | [
{
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{
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"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I135120706",
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"display_name": "Halah Ali Mirhussein",
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{
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{
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"display_name": "University of Baghdad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I135120706",
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"type": "education"
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],
"display_name": "Nada Khalifa Mohammed Ali Al-Rikabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5022658535"
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] | [
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
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{
"display_name": "Urban ecosystem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20664614"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3192747345 | Abstract In the last period there have been rapid developments and increased interest in the integration of the environment into urban planning. It has occupied a large part of the world’s most economically and economically important concerns, emphasizing the need to adopt the concepts of green urban construction as a basis for future cities. Both human and nature to continue and stay. Hence, the importance of research in building a base on the planning and design principles of the eco-friendly city for the purpose of local adoption”, thus facing the problem of” lack of application of knowledge on the basis of planning and design eco-friendly city. The hypothesis that “the development of urban societies towards eco-friendly societies depends on the creation of an integrated urban city is based on a number of foundations and criteria that are primarily inspired by the characteristics of ecosystems in that natural environment”. Based on these indicators, these principles and criteria were applied through indicators to assess the city’s urban and natural performance in part of the city of Amara to assess the proximity of the study area to these criteria in order to achieve its urban ecological sustainability. The research concludes with the most important conclusion that the ecological approach is the closest approach to the environment, which depends on the idea of comprehensiveness and real values of systems and natural varieties, and the most important research findings the need for a planning entity, Especially those with certain ecological components (such as Iraq), to follow up on the world’s ecological developments, and to anticipate events in which they attempt to trace their effects in line with their general development policy on the one hand and in accordance with cultural heritage on the other. | [
{
"display_name": "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210189194",
"type": "conference"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4284988470 | The Impact of Governance Mechanisms on the Accounting Disclosure of the Sustainable Development of Iraqi Economic Units | [
{
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"display_name": "Sarah Nazar Mostafa AL-Sarraf",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Bushra Fadil Al-Taie",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056722660"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C163867264"
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{
"display_name": "Transparency (behavior)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780233690"
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{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
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{
"display_name": "Stock exchange",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200870193"
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{
"display_name": "Sustainability reporting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780473208"
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{
"display_name": "Accounting management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71199308"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764"
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{
"display_name": "Accountability",
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C544937707"
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{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284988470 | The research aims to demonstrate the impact of governance mechanisms on the quality of financial reports in the light of the accounting disclosure for sustainable development represented in (accounting disclosure for economic development, accounting disclosure for environmental development, and accounting disclosure for social development) in a sample of banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange.
 Governance mechanisms were measured by evaluating and analyzing the mechanisms in banks for the research sample consisting of (15) banks, based on the governance guide issued by the Central Bank, as well as the banks’ financial reports for the years 2016 -2018, and the dimensions of accounting disclosure for sustainable development were measured through the use of a form. The survey, which is one of the sources of obtaining data and information related to the accounting disclosure on sustainable development. In preparing the form, the researcher relied mainly on the indicators issued by the (GRI), especially the index (G4), and the form (70) forms were distributed to a sample of bank employees, the sample of the research.
 The study model and hypothesis were built based on the literature of previous studies, and the simple and multiple linear regression method was used to test the hypotheses. Senior management and lack of transparency in information disclosure and financial reporting, and the most important thing that the research recommends is activating governance mechanisms in banks that have a positive impact on the relationship between accounting disclosure for sustainability. Development, as it limits the opportunistic behavior of management and encourages banks to achieve more transparency in financial reporting. | [
{
"display_name": "مجلة العلوم الاقتصادية والادارية",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210219137",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W3026421923 | The Indicators of Sustainable Housing in Local Housing Projects | [
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"display_name": "Safa Al-deen hussain ali",
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Sajda khadm al kindi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020652823"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547"
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{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3026421923 | Most of the sustainable design principles work to reduce the cost of housing over the building life cycle (BLC) especially in housing development projects. As the concept emphasizes on the economy in the infrastructure or (basic structure), in the resources used for work, in the housing facilitating and its affordability for users. From here, the research shows its research problem” the absence of a strategic vision of adopting sustainable economic housing indicators in the local housing projects” assuming its effective role in creating economically sustainable housing projects through the needs approving, the quality performance improving and the cost reducing indicators, (or need approval, the quality performance improvement and the cost reduction), highlighting the importance of these indicators on the planning, design, and implementation level in local housing project to achieve an economic sustainable residential environment. In order to achieve the research aim, it has been shaded the light on the basic triple in the housing projects (housing-economic, sustainable) through an analytical review of the global experiences, Arabic and the local housing projects, (environmentally, economically, socially), to define the sustainable economic housing concept, and identify the planning, designing and operation factors & constituents affecting the sustainable economic housing standards. To reach the conclusions that show the indicators effective role in the sustainable economic housing (needs approval-quality performance improvement- and cost reduction), which included many of the secondary indicators that can be derived from the proposed plan and designing standard in Iraqi housing projects (housing density and structure and space housing unit area). | [
{
"display_name": "Maǧallaẗ al-handasaẗ wa-al-tiknūlūǧiyā",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210202959",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4281613851 | Towards Smart Trends for Tourism Development and its Role in the Place Sustainability- Karbala Region, a Case Study | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ahmed Hussein Allawi",
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{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
"display_name": "Embedded system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149635348"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281613851 | Tourism is currently considered one of the most important economic sectors that directly or indirectly affect societies and have a positive role in achieving spatial development, whether on (the country, regions, or cities) and its sustainability, and one of the modern trends in the field of achieving sustainability is adopting Elements of (intelligence) in development activities, the most important of which is smart tourism, which has the potential to make a qualitative and quantitative transition in the life of the local community in various aspects (economic, social, environmental, and environmental urban) if smart variables (smart governance - sustainability - technology - innovation - accessibility and smart mobility - communication and information technologies - social capital - cultural heritage - creativity) are taken more seriously in applying them to the reality of the situation in planning, implementation and management, allowing the investment of strengths and positive disks to overcome risks, challenges and weaknesses. This study was distinguished from the previous studies on the topics of smart tourism in that it relied on all indicators that contribute to the development of smart tourism in the field of sustainable spatial development by relying on the development potential of the regions, which greatly encourages the introduction of smart technology mainly in development. As is the case in the province (Karbala) in Iraq, which was chosen as a study area because of its great tourism development potential to find the available and latent opportunities in the transition to smart tourism, as well as to assess its role in sustainable development. The study reached important results through the use of statistical methods, including SPSS, represented in the presence of a strong correlation between smart tourism indicators and sustainable spatial development. Tourism supply and demand directly interact intimately, whose results are reflected on the entire Karbala region in the short and long term. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S81432193",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2131581912 | Developing a Green Building Assessment Tool for Schools (Case Study in Mosul City) | [
{
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{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Mosul",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I12150220",
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"display_name": "Hafsa Al Omari",
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{
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"display_name": "E. Luma Al Dabbagh",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5011479855"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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{
"display_name": "Electrical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485"
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"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1969096889",
"https://openalex.org/W1999764731",
"https://openalex.org/W2055647370",
"https://openalex.org/W2085077893",
"https://openalex.org/W2102498256",
"https://openalex.org/W2134323805",
"https://openalex.org/W3022968567"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2131581912 | The green building or green architecture has come to light as a strong architectural movement at the end of 1990's and as a main trend in architectural practice. The architectural green is a modern architectural philosophy which deals with the competent relationship between the functional constructive systems and its vital environmental, by controlling the inputs and outputs of this system with the least negative effects on the environment and occupant's health, and the least energy consumption during the various stages of the building ( construction, operation, maintenance and destruction ) to achieve the functional activities and the inventive and efficient architectural structures. The importance of this movement lies in trying to achieve the sustainable development in its environmental, social and economic aspects because of the problems that developed and developing countries ( e.g. Iraq ) face such as energy consumption and pollution. Several international standards of different classifications, depending on local context of each country, has been appeared. Some of these tools are (BREEAM, LEED, CO-CHPS Colorado, GBTool, CASBEE) which aim to assess the performance of the building from green Architecture's perspective. Although there is a similarity in the classification levels including the sustainable location, how to use (water, energy and atmosphere, materials, resources) effectively, indoor environment quality and the design's innovation, they differ in other aspects that its importance relies on the environmental and local context. The problem of our research was the absence of the practical evaluation tool of the green building ( school buildings ) for the Iraq's local context in general and Mosul in particular, compatibly with the city climate. The research aims at making theoretical construction to identify the assessment indicators of the school buildings from green architecture's perspective, in order to create suitable and general assessment tool for schools building in Mosul city which can help improving the performance of these schools, decreasing the effect on the health, sparing energy coasts, and other benefits in the stages of the project ( pre-construction, construction, post-construction ). The research supposes that the multi-dimensional designing strategy is an active tool used in establishing the tool classification of assessment. For reaching goals, the research adopts the theoretical method and questionnaire. Finally, the research provides an assessment tool for school building in Mosul from the green architecture's perspective (AGBS) Green Building Assessment Tool for school ) in conformity with the local context of the city for enabling the designer to follow it in order to achieve the investment within his school architectural products. Results indicate six categories for assessment tool. First Sustainable Sites category (SS) which have the greatest weight 25.7%, , then Indoor Environment Quality(IEQ) 24.35667%. then Materials & Resources (M&R), Energy & Atomosphere (A&E), Water Efficiency(WE),and Innovotion in design (ID), have 17.32% ، 10.5% ، 3.987181% , Respectively. | [
{
"display_name": "Advanced Materials Research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S67425620",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4323049264 | The Role of Attributes Based Costing Technology in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Shelan Arif Ahmad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5047086454"
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{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Ghazi Abdulazeez Sulaiman",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5032138528"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C182306322"
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{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673"
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{
"display_name": "Audit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199521495"
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{
"display_name": "Process management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195094911"
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{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
"display_name": "Environmental economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134560507"
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{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
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{
"display_name": "Accounting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121955636"
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{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
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{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470"
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{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323049264 | Purposes: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of cost-based ABC II specifications to achieve sustainable development goals, in order to support decision-making to meet the competitive advantage features for a sample of manufacturing firms in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Moreover, it aims to achieve a competitive advantage, whether by producing products according to customer requests or improving it or changing production techniques. Theoretical framework: Industrial companies currently make considerable effort to maintain and grow in the existing competitive market. The implementation of advanced technologies and contemporary production techniques are key features in helping them to do so. Additionally, sustainability achievement is another key objective for industrial firms to stay competitive in the current era of business. Theoretically, it is believed that new managerial accounting techniques positively contribute to sustainable development goals achievement. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This study uses an explanatory research design for the analysis of data collected through a constructed questionnaire distributed to managers, accountants, auditors and engineers of the selected sample companies. The final sample size is 97 collected questionaries out of 108 distributed forms among the purposively selected sample of cement and iron manufacturing firms in the Sulaimani city. Quantitative data is collected and analyzed using various statistical techniques including structural equation modeling. Findings: The results show that cost technology based on ABC II specifications has a significant effect on its contribution to achieving sustainable development goals. Moreover, the relationship between cost technology based on ABC II specifications and its contribution to achieving sustainable development goals is a strong positive significant relationship. Cost technology based on ABC II specifications can only explain 28% of the variation in the achievement of sustainable development goals. Research, Practical & Social implications: ABC II technology represents an important point in raising social and organizational awareness by raising the level of environmental protection according to product specifications, reducing pollution resulting from production processes, and increasing competitiveness in the market. Furthermore, managers should pay high attention to the sustainable development goals by following a cost technique based on the ABC II specifications, taking into account the framework of the proposal in the sustainable development goals in each of the cement and iron companies. Originality/ Value: This paper provides a significant new insight from a developing region of Kurdistan to the literature around sustainability development and the attribute-based costing technology. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Professional Business Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2736802132",
"type": "journal"
},
{
"display_name": "JBReview",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401606",
"type": "repository"
},
{
"display_name": "Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306401293",
"type": "repository"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3124425159 | The Energy and Environment Dilemma: Sustainably Developing Iraqi Oil and Gas in International Law and Policy - Prospects and Challenges | [
{
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{
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{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124425159 | The dilemma of energy and environment is a matter of great concern for any resource-rich developing country, let alone for Iraq having the fifth largest proven oil reserves in the world. Waking up from the past four decades of war and conflicts, and faced with the continuing acute political tensions, sectarian divides and violence, and future uncertainties, Iraq has thus a tremendous challenge in hand for the sustainable development of its such vast reserves of oil and gas along the lines of international law standards and norms. This is more so at a time when the reconstruction of its war-torn economy for its social and economic development and prosperities is in process. The study examines the current Iraqi legal framework (both domestic and international) and policies concerning investment in the oil and gas sector and its development in the wider context of geopolitics, and tensions between the federal and regional governments (especially the KRG) in Iraq, and appraises how it falls short of the standards and norms of international sustainable development law as it is evolving at the global stage. It has been observed that for Iraq the road to sustainable development is not a plain one, and there are many bumpy rides ahead. It is important that with the ever-increasing pressure for sustainable development of fossil fuel as on the global agenda of the international community, Iraq as a major producer must respond to it. As it stands at present, Iraq’s shortcomings in this respect are alarming and staggering, and it has to go a long way to remedy that politically, legally and policy wise. The approach followed in this paper is interdisciplinary which along with law and policy looks into relevant political, social, economic, geopolitical aspects in order to get a better perspective of sustainable development issues concerning oil and gas in the Iraqi context. This is what this study has explored and put forward some suggestions for a better future of Iraq as a resource-rich developing country. This study facilitates the understanding of Iraqi politicians, policy makers, legislators, international oil companies, development-partner countries, interested international organizations and non-governmental organizations in respect of sustainable development issues of Iraqi oil and gas and suggests some ways forward to fix them. | [] |
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https://openalex.org/W4383103505 | The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on the Sustainable Performance of manufacturing Industry in Iraq: The mediating role of Social Responsibility | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383103505 | This study aimed to examine the mediating role of social responsibility on the relationship between transformational leadership Style and the sustainable performance of manufacturing industry in Iraq. To achieve this objectives the study used descriptive analytical approach through develop questionnaire to collect data from the sample which consists (357) managers who work in manufacturing industry in Iraq. A total of (340) suitable questionnaire were retrieved for statistical analysis, the study used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS. 25) and Structure Equation Model (SEM) to analyses the collecting data and test the hypothesis. The study results showed that, there is impact of transformational leadership Style on the sustainable performance of manufacturing industry in Iraq, there is impact of transformational leadership Style on the social responsibility of manufacturing industry in Iraq, there is impact of social responsibility on the sustainable performance of manufacturing industry in Iraq, and there is mediating role of social responsibility on the relationship between transformational leadership Style and the sustainable performance of manufacturing industry in Iraq. In light of these findings, the study recommended that In order to be more general, the next research has to involve obtaining data from other organizations in another sector in Iraq. | [
{
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https://openalex.org/W2953864599 | New Cities Design Policies as a Plan for Sustaining the City | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2953864599 | The new cities design in Iraq has taken a unique dimensions with no clear policies or sustainable legislation to control it , the urban growth goes in reversed path from the center of the capital “Baghdad” to the edges and outskirts of the city which described as a reversed immigration .Also, the over growth habitats with the high land price problems made cities crowded from inside ready to explode to outside as the plans the government has put for years .All those major problems made a sustainable design policy suggestion urgent for the coming period of building new sustainable cities to sustain Baghdad and the other states in all Iraq in the future . The main problem research: is that “There isn’t a clear vision for a sustainable new cities design policies to sustain Iraqi cities”, and the hypothesis to solve the research problem is “using the sustainable policy elements in new cities design should be a national policy for sustaining the Iraqi cities in the future”. The research objective was to spot the light on the design policies used in planning the new cities in Iraq and to modify it for sustaining the city of Baghdad, The research has taken examples of planned not built cities with city under construction to measure the sustainable design policies that must be in future states and new cities all over Iraq . The results came positive for the case study cities that used a sustainable elements policy in the planning process. In conclusion, this research recommends to use sustainable design policies in future site planning process. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764943602",
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https://openalex.org/W2883673497 | Anti-Corruption Methods in the Education Sector in Iraq | [
{
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"display_name": "Milena Niehaus",
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2883673497 | This thesis focuses on the UNDP anti-corruption measures in education and their implementation in Iraq in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Qualitative Education). To assess this specific fragile context, the thesis addresses the following research question: To what extent has Iraq implemented the methods and tools to fight corruption in education in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 4? This assessment begins by addressing fragility, corruption, and corruption in connection with education, which are explored in light of public governance. The consequences of fragility on service delivery and on corruption are outlined. This paper argues, that the implementation of the UNDP methods reduces corruption in education and would therefore support the successful implementation of SDG4 in Iraq. The case study of Iraq uses a longitudinal research design, while applying the method of process tracing and is based on secondary data. It concludes that only one out of four dimensions of the UNDP anti-corruption methods were fully implemented, endangering the successful implementation of SDG4 by 2030 in Iraq. The research contributes to the field of public governance providing knowledge about the implementation of anti-corruption measures in highly corrupt countries. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4385836697 | Sustainable design in the Iraqi craft industries and ways to develop them | [
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"display_name": "Muhammad Ali Hussein Al-Qaisi",
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{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385836697 | Research on sustainable design in Iraqi craft industries and ways to develop them is essential to preserving the cultural heritage and authenticity of these industries while promoting environmentally sustainable practices. Lack of access to modern technologies, knowledge and resources may hinder the growth of these industries and their ability to compete in the global market. The research problem revolves around finding ways to develop sustainable design in the Iraqi craft industries. The expected outcomes of this research include a clear definition of sustainable design, understanding the history of sustainable design in the craft industry, identifying different types of craft industries in Iraq, exploring the basic concepts of sustainable design, evaluating the effectiveness of processing reeds and palm fronds, and identifying natural materials that can be used in craft industrial products in Iraq. Finally, this research can contribute to the development of sustainable and competitive craft industries in Iraq that comply with sustainable design principles, preserve the country's cultural heritage, and promote sustainable development. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W3200519181 | Impact of Oil Price Fluctuations on Iraq's Sustainable Development | [
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{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3200519181 | This research addresses an important issue that is constantly faced by the economy of Iraq. The problem is related to the oil price fluctuations & their subsequent effect on the cash supply which eventually impacts the overall economy & sustainable development of Iraq. This is due to the fact that economy of Iraq largely depends on the crude oil, & any variation in oil prices has direct impact on the country’s economy. Hence, this is an important area of exploration for researchers and scholars as it is directly related to the economy of the country. This research presents a theoretical framework of oil prices & monetary policy for the period of 1990-2019 for more precise estimation of outcomes to accomplish research goals. This research aims to see the impact of oil price fluctuations on economic and sustainable development. The results suggest a significant impact of price fluctuations on the sustainable economic development of Iraq. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764575530",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3081888001 | The role of the central bank in achieving sustainable development in fragile states - Iraq as a model | [
{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3081888001 | The research aims to describe and discuss the social, economic, and environmental situation of Iraq, in preparation for proposing the requirements for embarking on sustainable development in a fragile environment, and the role of the Central Bank in that. For the purpose of achieving the aim of the research, the researcher developed three hypotheses (dichotomy of proof and proof), namely: • Iraq does not have the basic ingredients for development. • The fragile situation of the Iraqi state does not hinder the adoption of sustainable development measures. • The Central Bank of Iraq does not play an important role in creating and developing sustainable development endeavours. For the purpose of proving or refuting the research hypothesis, the researcher used the inductive method, in presenting and studying reality, analyzing and interpreting phenomena, then building general conclusions that start from the particles of the studied reality. After applying that, the researcher concluded: Iraq possesses the elements of development, and the state's fragility hinders the initiation of development, but not to the degree that makes it impossible! It is possible if there is unified will and successful management, and the research also concluded that the central bank plays an important role in bringing about development, and one of the manifestations of that role is the "trillion initiative" that was highlighted in the research. The research was concluded with a set of recommendations that the research found important. | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210199349",
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https://openalex.org/W4206977782 | Smart Insurance and the Missing Contribution to Sustainable Development in Iraq | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206977782 | The insurance sector in Iraq needs a real revolution with procedures and work mechanisms, especially since this sector has made an effective contribution to increasing revenues and has become one of the sources of national income diversification in many countries with the tremendous development in the use of modern means and technologies in smart insurance. On the other hand, the insurance sector in Iraq still has a weak role and its contribution to the GDP does not exceed 0.05%, and there is no real contribution to sustainable development in Iraq. This is due to many reasons, including insurance in Iraq. It has been practiced according to the traditional method despite the issuance of the Electronic Signature and Electronic Transactions Law No. 78 of 2012, and to achieve development in the insurance sector to achieve a higher contribution to sustainable development, it is necessary to benefit from experiences that preceded the Iraqi experience in the smart insurance sector, which passes through the digitization portal and includes the four areas (technology, improving customer experience, offering customized products in the field of insurance, and expanding distribution channels), through digitization, modern technology, and enabling smart insurance, it is possible to read the market, analyze customer behavior, reach them, and design products that suit them. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4390712956 | THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE IRAQI AIR FLEET FOR THE PERIOD 1950-2021 (A STUDY IN THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORTATION) | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390712956 | Air transport remains one of the most important elements of the infrastructure of any geographic region in our current era, and it is necessary for development and sustainable development, and an important means that provides people with spatial movement through the air, because this mode of transportation, which has many advantages and many considerations, is preferred over other modes, including: speed This is why the countries of the world, especially the advanced ones, are racing to discover and develop air transport, airports and the supplies that must be available to complete the desired task of the transport process in a safe manner. The history of the Iraqi air fleet extends back to 1946, which is the beginning of the establishment of the Iraqi Airways Company, but the real development of air transport in general and the development of the air fleet in particular after 1950, and for the purpose of reaching the highest levels of accuracy in clarifying this historical development, will be studied by dividing it into Three main stages: The first stage: 1950-2008 The second phase: 2008-2018 The third stage: 2019-2021 1. The decade of the millenniums witnessed an improvement in Iraqi air transport activity, especially after 2003 Numbers, the end of the air embargo, and he returned again to practice his activity, and that stage witnessed an increase in airports. 2. After 2003, Iraq witnessed a significant influx of passengers and goods into the country The country and abroad, due to the rise in the standard of living of the Iraqi individual and the increase in his income after he was living in a deterioration economically. 3. The geographical location of Iraq, which is in the middle of the ancient world, represents the bridge that connects the East In the West, it is the main factor that gave the country global importance in air transport outside world due to its strategic location. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4312504864 | Capabilities and Dimensions of Sustainable Community Empowerments in Urban Design and planning Process for Iraqi Cities | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4312504864 | This research takes the capabilities of implicating sustainable community empowerment in the process of designing and planning Iraqi cities through the literature review that defined it, to get a final conclusion about the sustainable community empowerment definition that the research takes in its problem which is that there isn’t a theoretical frame for the community empowerment to take decisions in planning and designing cities aims for urban development for Iraqi cities. The research aims also to recognize the world implications of sustainable community empowerments to enrich the data background of the empowerment criteria and process, also the process of designing and planning the city. The research hypothesis is that the sustainable community empowerment is an urban strategy enrich the Iraqi situation in designing and planning cities also it could be implicated in Iraqi community to follow the developed countries around the world. The research methodology contains theoretical frame of elements extracted from examples around the world, the second is a practical frame depends on the theoretical frame elements with the questionnaire data and the personal interview with the expertise involved directly with the designing and planning process with the elements of the criteria and the process of empowerment. The research concluded number of conclusions due to recommendations of supporting the community role and develops it to get involved more seriously and clear in the planning and designing process,for being the true indicator for the success of the process. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4365393367 | Impact of antibiotic resistance on sustainable development goals | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365393367 | The frightening spread of antibiotic resistance among infectious bacteria is one of the most important challenges facing health and the environment, which in turn burdens the economies of all countries of the world, and this in turn hinders the sustainable development goals of those countries. Moreover, Iraq is at the forefront of the countries where the ineffectiveness of most drugs is increasing as a consequences of the misuse of antibiotics represented in the overuse of antibiotics and not following the doctor ’s prescription, as well as their overuse in аnima1 feed and agriculture. Due to the importance of this topic and because it was not studied in Iraq, we designed this study to highlight the impact of antibiotic-resistance on sustainable development goals in Iraq. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4253202725 | Minimizing Time and Cost in The Iraqi AEC industry by Adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) Technique. | [] | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253202725 | The Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is essential for its direct influence on the development of any country, particularly in terms of economy. Thus, problems related to cost and time arise as a global phenomenon in this industry, particularly in the third world countries like Iraq. The Building information modeling (BIM) technique is considered as the most adequate technique that overcomes the problems facing the AEC industry. This paper aimed to assess the causes of cost issues and time delays in the Iraqi AEC industry and to outline the BIM concept and the benefits of its application for solving these problems. This paper consists of two parts; the first one is the quantitative approach, which was adopted for data collection through a specially designed questionnaire form; these questionnaires were spread among 50 of the top and middle management in different construction companies, and other experts in the arena of AEC industry. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the highest influential factors on cost and time overrun are: inadequate planning and scheduling, selecting inefficient contractors, change orders, and the errors and mistakes in preparing the bill of quantities and materials (BOQ/BOM) with relative importance index (RII) of 0.98, 0.87, 0.83 and 0.82 respectively. The second part of this paper reviewed the benefits of applying BIM and highly recommend this technology to improve the local AEC industry. The application of the BIM technique will lead to more sustainable design, construction, and project delivery in the Iraqi projects. This paper presents a significant set of recommendations that demonstrate how BIM technique can be applied to overcome the challenges of the AEC industry in Iraq. It unlocks the door for further authentic researches on the adoption of BIM technique as an influential and exceptional tool to point out the issues related to time and cost in the AEC industry in Iraq. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4384825295 | Organizational and technological reliability of construction in Iraq | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4384825295 | Introduction. Capital construction of buildings and structures in the Republic of Iraq is one of the most important areas of production activity, it is the basis for the development of all sectors in the country’s economy. The modern construction complex of Iraq is constantly developing and improving, modern construction materials, technologies, methods of organization and management of construction are being introduced, which makes it possible to implement construction projects of almost unlimited complexity. However, in modern conditions that have been formed in the Republic of Iraq from the end of the 20th century to the present, a special problem has become the need for full and timely provision of construction with all types of resources, which, in the conditions of the Iraqi construction market, is an unsolved scientific and practical task, due to the high influence of negative factors different nature, thereby reducing the organizational and technological reliability of the construction of buildings. Materials and methods. To solve this problem, 7 stages of developing a system of indicators for the sustainable development of resource infrastructure, which will improve the organizational and technological reliability of construction in Iraq are proposed. In addition, a model for calculating generalized criteria for the organizational and technological reliability of construction was developed. To determine the significance of indicators of organizational and technological reliability, it is proposed to use the method of expert evaluation. Results. A system of indicators for the sustainable development of resource infrastructure has been developed, consisting of seven stages. The indicators of organizational and technological reliability of construction are singled out and their significance is determined. Discussion and conclusions. Taking into account the influence of the factors studied by us predetermines the use of the concept of risk as a quantitative measure of the implementation of a negative scenario of the construction progress under the influence of various factors, which allows further research using the apparatus of risk theory. On the basis of the proposed research method, we can calculate the effectiveness of indicators of resource provision for construction in Iraq. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4289228177 | The need for sustainable local management to solve the reality of increasing traffic congestions in Iraq | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289228177 | The need to find solutions based on sustainable methods for the transportation sector in Iraq has become an urgent necessity due to the ever-increasing volume of traffic congestion caused mainly by the increase in the number of vehicles and the total dependence on them for transportation in the absence of other alternatives. This increase in traffic congestion drains all of the fossil energy in addition to losses in time, health and comfort of users and those close to the roads. Also, it increases the costs in maintaining roads and vehicles, as well as the harmful effects on the environment. A number of literatures have been studied to explain the effects and causes of traffic congestion, especially in countries whose conditions are similar to Iraq. The roads and intersections in the city of Baghdad were monitored, and a number of experts were requested to discuss the causes. A sample questionnaire was conducted that included several levels and ages of Iraqi society to determine the sample's impression on a number of points affecting the local traffic congestion in Baghdad city. It was revealed through the questionnaire that there are four main causes for traffic congestion and there is a strong desire among Iraqis to own and drive vehicles, which led to a significant and continuous increase in their numbers, and this is one of the main causes of congestion. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W4293529457 | Green economy and sustainable development concepts, principles and requirements for transformation in Iraq | [
{
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293529457 | After 2003, Iraq sought to participate in global initiatives that would preserve the climate, and among these initiatives is the new global green initiative, which was launched during the 2008 global financial crisis, which focused on creating a special investment climate in developing countries to transition to a green economy and sustainable development. The volume of donations from donor countries was 3 trillion dollars, and developing countries contributed 15% of this amount. The aim of the research is to know the ways and directions that Iraq has moved to convert to a green economy, and what are the problems it faces and what are the means of financing that would be A positive reason for the transition towards a green and sustainable economy, and the results of this research showed that Iraq has endeavored with great efforts through initiatives that will enable it to transition to a green economy, the most important of which was the green belt strategy that was launched in 2011. The results also showed that Iraq is full of potentials Huge material and human resources are the primary resource for the transition to a sustainable green economy, and the research recommended a number of recommendations that would form a new core and Complementary to what has been raised in other studies, which is increasing pressure on neighboring countries to increase water quotas, which enables Iraq to take advantage of that water in increasing green spaces, as well as raising the performance of local administrations in the governorates in order to adopt green and sustainable awareness within cities, addressing the problem of waste and work to recycle and manufacture it again, and to exploit biological waste and use it as organic fertilizer for farmers. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of STEPS for humanities and social sciences",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4220651474",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4284889727 | Iraq's Post-2003 Environmental Pollution: Issues And Solutions | [
{
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"display_name": "Ahmed Jassim Al-Yasiri",
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284889727 | The environment is where people live, obtain physical and social resources, and practice relationships with others. The natural environment is based on three components: water, air, and land, which are prerequisites for sustaining life. Based on natural resources, which led to their transformation into manufactured materials and goods, resulting in high levels of pollution in the quality of their components and thus placing additional challenges on sustainable human development and human well-being. The pollution of air, water, and soil threaten the lives of humans, animals, and plants in the living space in the world in general, precisely because of the link between human well-being and the environment and the necessity to develop and harness natural resources in the best manner possible to re-examine environmental policies. The findings indicate that it is essential to deliberately create a sound plan to exploit Their resources. Waste and depletion in the future are more dangerous to growth and sustainable development and thus the disruption of the ecosystem and its adverse effects on the living world. The study included an extrapolation to the environmental pollution in Iraq, in addition to identifying the reality of the environment in Iraq before and after 2003 and then determining the economic effects of environmental pollution and addressing ecological pollution in Iraq after identifying the challenges facing the Iraqi environment | [
{
"display_name": "Akkad Journal Of Contemporary Economic Studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387281657",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4316814080 | Eco - Industrial parks in Iraq | [
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4316814080 | Abstract The idea of eco-industrial parks developed and became part of the planning process for the industrial city and this came as a reaction to the adverse effects of industry on the environment if this pollution continues, it will negatively affect our lives and future generations. Its importance is highlighted by achieving the principles of sustainable development by realizing the idea of a closed industrial loop in the design of the industrial city and making it self-sufficient as possible in terms of energy consumed to perform industrial operations. In addition to recycling industrial waste and benefiting from it with the idea of product and by-product where the product is considered a by-product (waste industrial) a raw material for another industry. The research paper dealt with the concept of the environmental industrial city. To study is aimed to examine the reality of planning for the industrial cities in Iraq and the environmental industrial cities around the world, and extract the most important solutions and strategies that can be followed in the Iraqi industrial cities to make them environmental industrial cities. Its main goals are embodied in preserving environmental resources and not wasting them to preserve the rights of future generations and Sustainable long-term economic success, in addition to providing a clean environment free of pollution in Iraq. In comparison with the ecological industrial cities around the world and the strategies and objectives of the proposed industrial cities in Iraq, we find: The use of clean energy, reuse of waste resulting from industrial processes, water reuse, and other main principles should be included in the Iraqi industrial cities, in addition, to set up units for treating heavy water and waste and power and purification plants. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W2119962838 | Evaluating and Developing the Sustainable Procurement system of Materials in Construction Industry in Iraq | [
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{
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] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1196547804",
"https://openalex.org/W2090847824"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119962838 | The construction industry in Iraq and especially the procurement of the goods and services in that sector is suffering from several problems; the key problems are lack of understanding of procedure of procurement process, lack of knowledge in sustainability principles, lack of right procurement policies. This paper studies the principles of sustainable procurement and proposes a program in PHP language for evaluation the sustainable procurement and suggests the correction actions in the construction companies in Iraq. The research concluded some points as the industry need for local specification and the need for strategic plans and government support presented by laws and instructions. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4365515279 | Increasing digital capabilities of agricultural projects to reduce costs | [
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"display_name": "Jassim Mohammad Hussein",
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365515279 | This paper provides an overview of the extent of digital transformation in the Republic of Iraq. It contains a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that the economy faces due to digitization and its potential to promote a sustainable economic transformation to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. By analyzing the experience of implementing these projects, it is possible to identify the economic and accounting actions that can be taken to reduce the costs of digitizing crop production enterprises, as well as identify problems in industrial relations that impede effective digitization and the establishment of a geographic information system for regional agriculture in the Middle Euphrates, Iraq. Based on an assessment of the state of digitization in the Middle Euphrates region of Iraq, key areas for digitization efforts in the agricultural sector were identified. The study revealed the fundamental trends of modern and innovative digital technologies presented by the “Digital Agriculture” management project with special data processing methods and the use of geographic information systems that make it possible to obtain a significant economic impact to reduce and rationalize costs. According to the results obtained, the use of elements of digital technologies in crop production in the Middle Euphrates, Iraq, has a significant economic effect, the replication of which can greatly accelerate the development of the industry. These efforts to unlock Iraq's digital potential will accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. | [
{
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|
https://openalex.org/W4307680875 | Ecological drought consequences on sustainable development in Iraq | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Climate change",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C132651083"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Ecosystem",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C153294291"
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{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418"
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{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4307680875 | This study is aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of drought in Iraq . Drought is one of the dangerous ecological phenomenon .That earth planet has been suffering since ancient times from ecological challenges such as drought , which have adverse effect on mankind activities and its damages are reflected on sustainable development ; economically , socially and ecologically, where its severity has recently increased. Iraq is considered the fifth country in the world in suffering of drought consequences , therefore, this research was prepared to analyze the ecosystem factors which related with drought, such as weather with a historical dimension at over the past and currently in Iraq through verification about of the weather features such as a temperatures and rainfall over half a century, for the period between 1970 -2020 . Where is proved from spatial analyze , it was the southwest and south region of Iraq are severely affected by drought due to the lack of rainfall and the temperatures rising . This study showed through temporal analyze of weather through the monitoring data in Iraq according to the (SPI), that is referred the warming is rising +2.1degC through 50 past years . Where this rise continues from 1998 until 2020, , with a linear regression of R2 = 0.7084.And there was an anomaly in the average of annual rain fall between 1970-2020. As The results is revealed the reduction of rainfall by [?]84 mm through the past of 50 years ,that precipitation began in decreasing continuously from 1998 until 2020 , with linear regression R2 = 0.1957. This is considering an indicators of climate change , where the drought is one of its repercussion ,which requires adapting with it ,by creating the solutions ,including changing of the mankind systems activities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by resorting to renewable energies. | [
{
"display_name": "Technium EcoGeoMarine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387283834",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2955575319 | Terminal Evaluation of the UN Environment Project World Heritage Inscription Process as a Tool to Enhance Natural and Cultural Resources Management of the Iraqi Marshlands | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/A5005862305"
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2955575319 | This report is a terminal evaluation of a UN Environment project “World Heritage inscription process as a tool to enhance natural and cultural resources management of the Iraqi Marshlands” implemented between 2009 and 2016. The project's overall development goal was to ensure sustainable development of the Iraqi Marshlands, reflecting the unique historical, cultural, environmental, hydrological and socio-economic characteristics of the area, in particular utilizing the World Heritage inscription process as a tool to develop and implement a management framework. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4388296806 | Initiatives to Involve Women in Environmentally Friendly Economic Projects that Promote Sustainable Development in Iraq | [
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],
"display_name": "Nisreen Ghali Qasem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5044051894"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388296806 | Women have an important role in developing the economic sector around the world in general and Iraq in particular. Women have an important role in promoting the path of sustainable development and in building a next generation capable of creating decent work and developing other economic sectors. The research problem was crystallized by asking: What are the most important initiatives for economic projects that have participated? Where is the woman? To what extent are women empowered and what is their role in promoting sustainable development goals? The aim of the research was to know the extent of women’s empowerment and their role in environmentally friendly economic projects that enhance the path of sustainable development in Iraq, and to highlight the most important initiatives undertaken by the Central Bank of Iraq, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, and the national strategy, and to update the weaknesses and strengths in economic projects that diminished the status of women. As for the research hypothesis, women play an important role in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development through financing and opportunities, while the most important conclusions were the weakness of the role of Iraqi women in the field of environmentally friendly economic projects, and if they exist, they are not at the level of ambition. The most important recommendations were to contain unemployment rates amongWomen in the government sector and the private sector through enhanced job opportunities for production and productivity and environmental, social and legal protection systems for women. | [
{
"display_name": "Journal of Asian multicultural research for economy and management study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210182339",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2958134624 | The role of renewable energy sources in achieving sustainable development and its reflection on the state budget in Iraq | [
{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/I2801460691",
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"display_name": "Salah Sahib Shakir",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
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"display_name": "Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802535771",
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"display_name": "Mohammed Abdulameer Jawad",
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{
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"display_name": "Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2802535771",
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],
"display_name": "Layth Salah Masood",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5067989685"
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] | [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202"
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2958134624 | The economic progress and urban development witnessed by the countries of the world and Iraq in particular has led to the depletion of natural resources, which is a balance for generations to come and the systematic destruction of the environment to meet the needs of modern generations of energy so the countries of the world and Iraq in particular to think of different and alternative energy sources Renewable and clean, and therefore the shift from classical economy model based on natural sources of energy from oil, minerals and natural resources to those new sources needs an orderly and deliberate transformation mechanism, which in turn contributes to the preservation of the environment on the one hand and Natural Resources. This research seeks to highlight the use of sustainable renewable sources of energy to equip government units with sustainable renewable sources of energy. The research hypothesis is based on the deduction of 10% of the natural resources on which Iraq relies on financing the general budget revenues. This ratio is used to finance renewable energy projects and use sustainability as a basis for its activity A sustainable budget has been assumed that has been applied by default on the practical side. The research led to a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the general budget of the Iraqi government has good resources from the oil sector and other sectors but is not directed to sustainable development activities. The government expenditure is also focused on current operational spending. The current expenditure drains about 75% of the revenues of the state budget. The remainder covers the investment budget and there is no spending on sustainable activity in the operational budget. The most important recommendations are that the general budget of the Iraqi state includes a special budget for sustainable development that we propose to call the budget of sustainable activities. And the proposal to finance the sustainable budget of the country's imports from the oil sector, which is the most resources negative impact on the environment as the research relied on 10% as a deduction from the state's imports on the basis of the deduction of 8% of oil imports and 2% of imports of consumer goods at border crossings. | [
{
"display_name": "Transylvanian Review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S976110492",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4365392963 | Road traffic injuries in Iraq related to the sustainable development goals: A retrospective study | [
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"display_name": "Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University",
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{
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] | [
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] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2053338096",
"https://openalex.org/W2501490139",
"https://openalex.org/W2567813309",
"https://openalex.org/W4214951375",
"https://openalex.org/W4232910107"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365392963 | The target 3.6 of The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) asserted the halving of the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2030.During the first Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011-2020), the Iraqi government couldn't achieve this international commitment and fatalities and injuries witnessed ascending trends. The present work is a retrospective study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of the available data concerning road traffic injuries in Iraq during the period 2006 to 2020. The analysis will be directed on the light of the target 3.6 of the SDGs to investigate the rates of the fatalities and injuries as these rates are the indicators adopted by the United Nations to measure the progress towards achieving the SDGs. The results showed that the reduction in fatalities in 2019 was only 2.5 % compared to 2011 and so there is an urgent need to reduce the present growth rate of fatalities, otherwise the fatalities will reach 8963 in 2030 instead of 2152 that reported in 2020. The statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between motorization rate and each of crashes, mortalities and injuries. The higher the ratio of collision crash type the lower expected total number of fatalities as the collision resulted in the lowest fatalities per one crash. The severity of all types of crashes in Iraq was 10 times or more higher than the corresponding type in the Europe and North America countries. Besides other interventions, well reporting and strict enforcement of the law are strongly recommended to achieve safe and sustainable roads in Iraq. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764696622",
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|
https://openalex.org/W4387668927 | <p>Analysis of the Effects of Green Technology on Economic Growth in the Environment of the Iraqi Economy</p> | [
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387668927 | The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of green technology on Iraq's economic development and to emphasise the vital role that agriculture and FDI play in the country's efforts to move towards a green economy and boost growth rates. Value added in agriculture (percent annual increase) was shown to be positively correlated with economic expansion in Iraq. The importance of agriculture in attaining economic growth is bolstered when value added grows in the agricultural sector and feeds into GDP expansion. Furthermore, it provided conclusive evidence that FDI contributes to economic growth in Iraq. High levels of foreign investment reduce GDP, thus it's important to think about the laws and processes that will encourage investments that will be good for the economy in the long run. The findings show a favourable correlation between green technology adoption, agricultural output, and economic development in Iraq. Sustainable growth and economic improvement are both possible if Iraq's agriculture industry adopts green technologies. The report concludes that investment in green technologies and the sustainable growth of Iraq's agriculture industry should be encouraged. To help the agriculture industry and encourage long-term investments in green technologies, the government and interested parties should prioritise enacting the required legislation and laws. The process comes with its own set of environmental and economic issues, the identification of which is essential. Therefore, green economic transformation will help Iraq achieve sustainable development and long-term economic prosperity. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210209765",
"type": "journal"
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|
https://openalex.org/W4293191956 | Logistics resources on sustainable competitive advantage in Kurdistan Iraq: Hotels sector and LSPs perspective | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293191956 | The ability to generate and maintain competitive advantage in supply chain is critical to an organization's survival, particularly in the era of globalization. However, there are a limited number of logistics service providers (LSPs) studies exploring sustainable competitive advantage in post-war countries. In post-war countries such as Iraq, organizations face various challenges to recover and achieve competitive advantage in the supply chain. Thus, the key objectives of this study are to examine the relationships between hotel's logistics resources and sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in the context of tourism industry development in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Questionnaire was used as data collection technique to measure the effect of logistics resources on SCA. The results showed that that there is strongly relationship between logistics resources and SCA in hotel industry. Therefore, the tourism in Kurdistan region needs continued government attention and supports. It is also critically vital to identify logistics resources to facilitate SCA, which may assist the new model's development in improving tourism industry in Kurdistan region of Iraq. | [
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https://openalex.org/W2507171775 | A Spatial Sustainable Development Model Based on Partnership between Government, Community and Specialist in Baghdad | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2507171775 | Iraq is facing fatal challenges: internal, external and natural that are threatening the well-being of the Iraqi community at present and certainly jeopardizing the sustainable development at all levels of Sustainable Development (SD)-Capitals: natural, human and social, and manufactured/financial. This paper is intended to discuss on establishing a Sustainable Neighborhood in Baghdad, where it could serve as an experimental project to test the forms of expenditure that would guarantee the best eco-efficient transformation of expenditure to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper illustrates the challenges of SD and the factors that would exacerbate their effect unless dealing with through scientific-well managed procedures based on green growth policies and sustainable development strategies. | [
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https://openalex.org/W4365420956 | Using sustainable intellectual capital to enhancing financial reporting of public sector companies in Iraq: An applied comparative study between Karbala and Kufa cement factories | [
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"display_name": "Ahmed Hatif Rasool",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365420956 | The study aims to introduce the concept, and main dimensions to sustain the Intellectual Capital, indicating the availability of the reporting requirements of Sustainable Intellectual Capital in the study sample's company, which is the Karbala And Kufa factories from the Iraqi general cement Company. So, the study states the current level of the financial reporting and the reasons for its failure to meet the decision-makers need for information, as the accounting treatments within the unified accounting system that are mandatory to be applied by Iraqi companies do not include the various aspects of integrated financial reporting, which should include sustainability indicators, including the sustainability of human resources, which represent the intellectual capital of the company, and therefore the traditional financial reports prepared by Iraqi companies lack requirements of transparency and the quality of financial reporting, as it does not reflect efficiency indicators and the skilled workforce it possesses. In order to achieve the study goal, the researchers reviewed the theoretical literature and previous studies about the study variables, then an analysis of the content of the financial reports of the study sample was conducted to provide a proposed form for voluntary reporting about the sustainability of intellectual capital according to what suits the requirements of the Iraqi environment, so that is generally accepted by the public and private companies by shows its impact on rationalizing the strategic decisions that relate to the study sample's company, through use Schmalenbach Indicators to measure the level of reporting in the proposed form. The study concluded that the integration of financial information related to economic activities with other financial and non-financial information about sustainable development dimensions including sustainable intellectual capital and disclosing it through voluntary reporting forms enables users to link between that information and then enables them to evaluate performance and know the ability of the study sample company for create sustainable value and then rationalize strategic decisions. Accordingly, the researchers recommended that Iraqi industrial companies should adopt voluntary reporting models for intellectual capital that include financial and non-financial dimensions related to the sustainability of their human resources and to the accumulation of knowledge about value chain relationships with customers and suppliers outside the company. | [
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https://openalex.org/W3112080906 | Implementation of Environmental Management Accounting for Enhancing the Sustainable Development in Iraqi Oil Refining Companies | [
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3112080906 | Sustainable development is one of the most important contemporary problems faced by governments. So many researchers and scholars work to find effective solutions by using all branches of social and applied sciences.
This research aims to study the impact of implementation the environmental management accounting (EMA) as an accounting tool to enhance the sustainable development in the developing countries.
The importance of research stems from the importance of accounting as a tool to promote social responsibility and to increase the level of environmental awareness of the organizations. So, this study provides some kinds of using EMA in numbers of oil refining factories in Erbil/ Iraq, and examines their role to strengthen the culture of sustainable development by using the qualitative data such as the financial documents, interviews, observations, and questionnaires.
The researchers concluded that there are many positive reasons for applying EMA in organizations to increase the level of sustainable development, there are some barriers that prevent individuals from implementing of EMA, and there are many challenges and opportunities which propose the main issues to test strength, ability, and skill to improve EMA. The researchers recommended to develop the implementation of EMA, increase the restrictions on the Iraqi organizations to supply the government with environmental data records annually beside the annual financial statements, and to reform the methods of EMA in order to be useful to use in the Iraqi environment. | [
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|
https://openalex.org/W4387109466 | Sustainability and its role in enhancing the efficiency of human resource management in Iraqi organizations | [
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387109466 | The main challenge faced by the current generation is the need to adopt safe practices in resource management in order to sustain life on earth. This involves utilizing renewable resources exclusively and taking care not to exhaust the limited resources available for environmental development. Developing countries, in particular, are prone to wasting resources, especially human resources, due to their focus on modern technology and production methods. Iraq, in particular, is under pressure to make economic developments that are sustainable. Therefore, it is important to direct efforts towards developing all possible economic resources in Iraq, with a special focus on human resources. | [
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/S4387287993",
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|
https://openalex.org/W3097934244 | Statistical Challenges of The Sustainable Development in Iraq | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Jassim N. Hussain",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5071301891"
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] | [
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W198872722",
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] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3097934244 | Many challenges on the road to sustainable development face Iraq. Data limitations cause massive constraints on sustainable development goals checking because about 70% of indicators are missing in Iraq. Statistical indicators are considered as the basis of sustainable development in each country. The healthy population was the third goal of sustainable goals because the healthy population produces a high level of sustainable development. Consequently, fertility is an important indicator of a healthy population because it is one of the three principal components of population dynamics that increases the size of any country's population. The important indicator of fertility is the number of newborns for the married women. Therefore, the problem of this research is about 70% of sustainable development goals indicators currently are missing in Iraq, especially inferential indicators including modelling of the association between the phenomena and their risk factors. Then the goal of this research is to build a model to represent the association between the fertility and its risk factors to provide an inferential indicator about this phenomenon to identify the most influential risk factors. Several risk factors are facing the pregnancy before childbirth, but what are the most influential risk factors cause it? The count regression models are a statistical technique may be used to express the association between the number of fertility and its risk factors. A simple random sample was drawn with size (200) consists of the mothers who visit the primary health care centres in Babylon province-Iraq in year 2018. Biological, behavioural and lifestyle factors are recorded. The results of applying Poisson regression model show that the data was overdispersion, with nonlinear function and with number of outliers. Therefore, the nonparametric Poisson model was used as an alternative model to this data. The results of applying this model show that the most influential risk factors are five linear risk factors in addition to three nonparametric smoothing factors. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2738868728",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4390857829 | Designing Private Outdoor Spaces for Socio-Environmental Sustainability: | [
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{
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"display_name": "Taghreed Khaleefa",
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390857829 | This study explores the potential of traditional outdoor spaces for the sustainable development of urban housing in Iraq, with a focus on socio-environmental values, namely: equality of privacy, safety, and environmental quality. Such values played a major role in forming private outdoor spaces in Iraq's traditional housing. Thus, the this study discusses possible designs of private outdoor spaces in terms of forms, locations, and components for achieving these values by designing private outdoor spaces based on socio-environmental sustainability. To do this, the old city of Koya in Iraq was chosen because it is rich in architectural heritage and still contains traditional houses inhabited at present. Five famous types of private outdoor design are chosen in terms of their relationship with the indoor; four types represent the yard approach in the courtyard houses, and one represents the strip approach in the individual houses. A questionnaire was also designed to determine the extent of the resident'sresidents' satisfaction with the external spaces of these houses. By comparing the types mentioned above, the benefits gained by the community from following the yard approach were identified as a recommended future strategy for housing design. Then, each form of the courtyard houses was analyzedanalysed to understand the possible uses of each one. The paper's main finding is to establish a guideline for achieving socio-environmental values in housing design. This approach can be a high-potential step for achieving sustainable development in Iraq. The main conclusion of the study sustains that different outdoor forms —U-shaped, O-shaped, L-shaped¸, and combined shapes of inner spaces —lead to different benefits that help achieve social and environmental sustainability in different uses, the most important of which are: achieving privacy, and safety, without affecting environmental quality, and in a simple manner. | [
{
"display_name": "International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764839599",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W2895479072 | Creating Multiple Seasons Spatial Model (Maps) to Improve and Habilitate the Marshes Area in Southern Iraq | [
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"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W1991977938",
"https://openalex.org/W2073060174",
"https://openalex.org/W2118824565",
"https://openalex.org/W2142785799"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2895479072 | Abstract Climate factors are one of the main criterion in the study of any area especially for sustainable development goals. The year in Iraq has four seasons. The important climate factors for the marshes area in Southern Iraq are the temperature, the rainfall, the wind speed and the humidity. This research explained the composition (creating) of 24 climate maps representing the dynamic climate factors for the four seasons experienced by the marshes area in Southern Iraq that is located in three governorates, i.e. Missan, Thi-Qar and Basra. The methodology applies the spatial Interpolation Method using the GIS - IDRISI software. The climate maps of a particular area can be used for multi - purpose study either for development or for preparing a project such as ecotourism. Their capability in dynamic mapping and analysis are one of the most useful applications of GIS for sustainable environmental planning and management. The GIS spatial analytical technique applied in this study can reduce time and cost by 20 - 30 % compared to traditional methods. The created dynamic climate maps for each required climate factor are in high resolution (36m x 32m) pixel. In addition, this method of obtaining climate factors values is the ideal and one of few methods in difficult areas where there are mountains, forests…etc. or in dangerous areas which have such as predators, remnants of war…etc. | [] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4294605600 | Contractual Budgeting as a Tool for Sustainable Development | [
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{
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{
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"display_name": "Art",
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"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4294605600 | General budget of the Iraqi state have a great importance in the lives of most Iraqis, Without them no salaries for employees, retirees, the security services, municipal services and healthy. Despite this importance, it is preparing a manner that lead to the waste of public money, in addition to lead to the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption. In order to avoid the waste of public money, at the operational and investment budget, budget it is necessary to prepare according to mechanisms contractual budget by:
 -Concluding a service contracts, partnership with the private sector (P3S)
 -Concluding a contracts (B.O.T) with the foreign companies.
 As well as the contractual budget, contribute to reducing the state budget deficit. | [
{
"display_name": "Asian journal of economics, business and accounting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210223683",
"type": "journal"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3216276715 | Impact of Structural Imbalances on the Sustainability of Spatial Development Programs | [
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"display_name": "Hussain Ahmed S Al_Shadidi",
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{
"display_name": "Mathematical analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134306372"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3216276715 | Abstract Iraq suffers From the problem of structural imbalances of the components of the economic spatial structure, and led to obstacles to the spatial development programs and their financial allocation spatially and sectorally. Therefore, the research problem (structural imbalances between resources and uses without building a multi-resource system despite the economic possibilities and opportunities available in the spatial dimension). The research aims to study and analyze structural imbalances and their indicators in the spatial structure in Iraq, and its impact on the sustainability of development spatially and sectorally and access to development paths to ensure the achievement of Spatial development goals. The research hypothesis (there is a relationship between the direction of the development path spatially and sectorally and the treatment of structural imbalances of spatial dimension leading to the sustainability of spatial development programs). The research includes study the concept of structural imbalances and spatial development, and the study of the indicators of spatial and sectoral imbalance in Iraq The magnitude of this imbalance is measured by a mathematical equation and at two level) sectoral level and spatial level). while included the last part proposing a development path to address these structural imbalances, which can lead to a kind of balancing resources and uses to achieve The goal of sustaining spatial development programs spatially and sectorally. The research important conclusions that there large complex imbalances that are far from rate normal, the important recommendations are to follow inclusive development approach. | [
{
"display_name": "IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210195883",
"type": "conference"
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] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4295159891 | Supposed A proposal For Developing the Agricultural Extension Organization in Iraq and Activating Its Role in Achieving Sustainable Development | [
{
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"display_name": "Sahab A. Yousif AlAjeeli",
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{
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{
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Mechanical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78519656"
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{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123"
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{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897"
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{
"display_name": "Archaeology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166957645"
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{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636"
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{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W2333903285",
"https://openalex.org/W2621329073",
"https://openalex.org/W4248837716"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4295159891 | The study aimed to present a proposed theoretical vision for the development of the agricultural extension organization in Iraq that meets the needs of farmers and activates the extension role in achieving sustainable agricultural development, by studying the reality of extension work and diagnosing its weaknesses. The study was used the qualitative research approach that depends on reviewing previous research and studies in studying the phenomenon and diagnosing Its weaknesses, and in the light of this study, a proposed vision was presented to develop the agricultural extension organization in Iraq as an organizational structure, activities and tasks that should be activated in a manner that ensures the achievement of sustainable agricultural development. The study recommended policy and decision makers in the Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural Extension and Training Office to benefit from this study and put its results into application. | [
{
"display_name": "Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-zirāʻaẗ̈",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210181254",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3005509703 | Green city as approach to Conservatism the Resources and Protection the Environment from the Pollution | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nada Mohammed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080595704"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Najwa Sadiq Aljanabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025518786"
}
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"display_name": "Environmental protection",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
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{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
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{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
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{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
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{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529"
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] | [
"Iraq"
] | [
"https://openalex.org/W629716415"
] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3005509703 | The evolution of new concepts for sustainable planning and development of cities in the world and use these concepts and their practical application and success significantly especially in the developed countries and applied in some developing countries leads us to search for new mechanisms that could be used in Iraq and pave the way for sustainable development of the urban environment of cities.
 The urban environment of the city of Karrada need rise include social, economic, urban, environmental, and this only by using new methods of management and planning are different from those that dealt with the city, focusing on the urban side only. And based on the nature and aesthetic achievement of the principles and objectives of the city of Wuxi, which represent the privacy of Baghdad and Iraq at large is not a simple process, but need to share all of the State, individuals and non-governmental organizations and the private sector. | [
{
"display_name": "المجلة العراقية لهندسة العمارة والتخطيط",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210186806",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4254665476 | Green city as approach to Conservatism the Resources and Protection the Environment from the Pollution | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Nada Mohammed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5080595704"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Najwa Sadiq Aljanabi",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025518786"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Urban planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49545453"
},
{
"display_name": "Conservatism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C96640997"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable city",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780032489"
},
{
"display_name": "Urban environment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986162411"
},
{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental pollution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2909468537"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental protection",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887"
},
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254665476 | The evolution of new concepts for sustainable planning and development of cities in the world and use these concepts and their practical application and success significantly especially in the developed countries and applied in some developing countries leads us to search for new mechanisms that could be used in Iraq and pave the way for sustainable development of the urban environment of cities.
 The urban environment of the city of Karrada need rise include social, economic, urban, environmental, and this only by using new methods of management and planning are different from those that dealt with the city, focusing on the urban side only. And based on the nature and aesthetic achievement of the principles and objectives of the city of Wuxi, which represent the privacy of Baghdad and Iraq at large is not a simple process, but need to share all of the State, individuals and non-governmental organizations and the private sector. | [
{
"display_name": "المجلة العراقية لهندسة العمارة والتخطيط",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210186806",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4220793134 | Using Cause and Effect Analysis to Improve the Quality of University Education: A Case Study | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Muslim Allawi Shibli",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020925082"
},
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Rafid Abdul Jalil Majid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5010895595"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757"
},
{
"display_name": "Higher education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120912362"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522"
},
{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186"
},
{
"display_name": "Quality assurance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C106436119"
},
{
"display_name": "Private sector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121426985"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728"
},
{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362"
},
{
"display_name": "Service (business)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780378061"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220793134 | Higher education forms the backbone of any country's economic performance and sustainable development, university institutions in Iraq tried to adopt university quality improvement systems at the forefront of these systems is the international standard (ISO9001) with its various versions, and quality assurance system in higher education according the standards of the of association of Arab Universities, and Iraqi standards, However, the picture was not completed due to the circumstances that faced the development movement for higher education in Iraq, Therefore, it has become necessary for research and studies to be directed towards activating methods of improving university quality, and searching for the most important tools that contribute to implementing this improvement successfully,, That improving the performance of university education in general depends on the level of performance of the comprehensive university educational process, and Good selection and use of tools to improve their quality, On this basis, the main objective of the research was (improving the performance of the comprehensive university educational process in Iraqi colleges using: cause-and-effect analysis technique), Whereas private colleges (the private sector) are more in need of such improvement, so a sample of private colleges in Basra is chosen as an area of study, For this reason, a sample of private colleges in Basra was chosen as a field of study, the research problem was summarized by bellow question: (to what extent can cause and effect analysis be used to determine the fundamental causes affecting the overall university educational process, and improve its performance in private colleges? Whereas the sample of the study is one college (Alknooz university college), So use the deductive approach which depend on (Analysis, discussion and logical reasoning) in its theoretical aspect), and the case study approach in the field study side, The literature of the university educational process was used to collect theoretical information, And developed a special checklist to collect field data related to the evaluation of the causes of the problem, the research reached a set of results, the most important of which is to identify the most fundamental reasons for the problem of improving the educational process in all private colleges in Basra. | [
{
"display_name": "International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S2764855029",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W3147984608 | Strategic policy-making for natural resources management in Iraq and control the related constraints to achieve sustainable development between reality and ambition | [
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Iraq",
"display_name": "University of Sulaymaniyah",
"id": "https://openalex.org/I64952554",
"lat": 35.56496,
"long": 45.4329,
"type": "education"
}
],
"display_name": "Abbas Gulmurad Beg Murad",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5002515321"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Natural resource",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29985473"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867"
},
{
"display_name": "Revenue",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C183135511"
},
{
"display_name": "Transformational leadership",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C38775462"
},
{
"display_name": "Exploitation of natural resources",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43533309"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Finance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3147984608 | Natural resources can provide transformational opportunities to support development but ultimately are depleted resources. How can Iraq optimize these limited resources while managing a complex sector while minimizing affect at the local level In the long run, natural resources can transform Countries in the area of development or other forms of income in the case of good governance. Wealth of natural resources can also have a significant affect on the country's sustainable development efforts, as well as many other direct and indirect benefits of the Iraqi economy. But these benefits do not happen spontaneously Indeed, in many cases wealth from natural resources does not turn into long-term sustainable development because of the many real challenges associated with resource-based development. Many of these deposits are located in places with governance-related constraints and significant development-related challenges.
 There are also economic challenges in managing the volatile revenues of natural resources and technical complexities associated with the management of these large-scale projects. There are real risks of environmental and social imbalances and impacts. The interests have different and different interests. In many cases, these agreements are surrounded by secrecy, in addition to other reasons. In this paper we highlight the challenges faced by rich countries in natural resources in trying to contain Resources to sustainable development and management of investments in the extractive industries in a sustainable manner and to clarify the complex and overlapping governance of natural resources aspects, as well as in some of the strategies that help some countries, including Iraq, to achieve success and the optimal use of these resources to achieve long-term development. | [
{
"display_name": "مجلة البحوث و الدراسات النفطية",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210220912",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4252027818 | Bringing water back to Mosul | [] | [
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603"
},
{
"display_name": "Water supply",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C97053079"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Water resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C524765639"
},
{
"display_name": "Operations management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252027818 | A sustainable water supply can often be difficult to deliver, but one pump manufacturer faced the ultimate challenge when it was asked by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to restore a stable water supply to the city of Mosul in Iraq. | [
{
"display_name": "World Pumps",
"id": "https://openalex.org/S146707118",
"type": "journal"
}
] |
|
https://openalex.org/W4223930233 | Industrial Development Strategy Until 2030 | [
{
"affiliations": [],
"display_name": "Adel Ghazi Khalil Jasim Al- Hayaly",
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5084799969"
}
] | [
{
"display_name": "Inefficiency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778869765"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758"
},
{
"display_name": "Dominance (genetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151913843"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial organization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40700"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainable development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552854447"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74363100"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750"
},
{
"display_name": "Market economy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34447519"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680"
},
{
"display_name": "Law",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684"
}
] | [
"Iraq"
] | [] | https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4223930233 | The research is a vision of the future of industry in Iraq, so it is may be outside the ceiling of the capabilities of the Iraqi economy, and therefore it is exaggerated. Therefore, future plans must be applicable through the availability of capabilities. Everyone knows that the financial and administrative corruption and mismanagement of resources are the main cause of the inefficiency of the industrial sector, and the failure to exercise its real role in achieving economic development.; as well as the political situation and the dominance of parties and their insistence on addressing positions that have a strong relationship in managing the economic sector that has a significant impact on drawing the economic map in its current form. That is why it has become necessary to reform the political system as an important pillar for the success of this strategy.
 It presents the vision of the industrial system until 2030, which is summarized in the development of the industrial system in Iraq to support a diversified and sustainable national economy in terms of economic and environmental aspects. It works within a stimulating business environment based on creativity and works in an institutional and organizational system that ensures implementation and achievement of goals and contributes to providing more job opportunities and improving the standard of living for individuals and society. To implement this vision, four basic elements were identified that represent the axes of the industrial strategy, namely: building the nucleus of competitive industrial clusters based on large industrial facilities integrated with local and global value chains, creating effective and stable working conditions that allow the existence and growth of private enterprises, improving the industrial and knowledge infrastructure, and adopting an appropriate governance system that supports the implementation of the previous three axes. A set of goals have been set for each of these axes to form the whole path the strategy to follow | [] |
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