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<i>Palestine in Late Antiquity</i> (review) | John Barclay Burns (https://openalex.org/A5004041239) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Palestine in Late Antiquity John Barclay Burns Antiquity, by Hagith Sivan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. 429 pp. $120.00. Between the dedication of Jerusalem's church Holy Sepulchre 335 C.E. and erection Dome Rock 692 C.E., Roman province Palaestina was scene coexistence, confrontations, accommodations among its population Jews, Samaritans, Christians, pagans. Sivan's book covers this momentous period, tracing expansion ultimate triumph Christianity, until Islamic conquest 638. Sivan (Introduction) sets out theme competition conflict these groups, reflecting differing histories religious, cultural, topographical variety (p. 10). She also employs notion landscapes, real, imagined or desired, as an investigative tool. Chapter One presents landscape that Constantine (ca. 320) might have seen from Mount Hermon, when imperial power shifted behind Christianity. The Anastasius (491-518) depicted Christianity firmly entrenched, though divided between orthodox Monophysites. However, towns like Nazareth Scythopolis allowed a certain community Jews Christians. In Two understands dreams Christian ascetics Jewish rabbis "mindscapes" 57), exploring idea Sinai, Negev, Golan. Rabbinic Sinai place revelation, hence their distrust dreams; Christians absorbed it into Palestinian monastic landscape. A Golan settlement contained Arabs, Monophysite each group constructing own religious cultural Samaritans (Chapter Three) had continuing presence Palestine, notably revival fourth century expressed building new synagogues. They are underdogs period. Their rebellions 484 529 recapitulated ones 66 135, were brutally suppressed. final irony emperor Justinian lumped together "Hebrews" 138). [End Page 166] contest for sacred festivals is shown Purim, whose incitement to violence against oppressors likened hanging Haman (Esther) with crucifixion, thus prompting prohibition Four). pagans, co-existed overlapping spaces. led sharpening divisions. suffered most at hand but, argues, emblematic desire appropriate all spaces Land. cityscape Jerusalem, competing traditions, addressed Five. selects seven periods: after failure Second Revolt 138 Rabbis still understood city cosmic omphalos (navel); foundation (335), effectively ending Aelia Capitolina; bishop Cyril 350) who gave Jerusalem Sepulchre; failed attempt Julian (355-363) allow return city; conflicted visit empress Eudocia 438; (483-565), elevated see fifth patriarchate; finally brief hectic period Persian conquest, re-appropriation, Muslim (614-638). Christianized never shook itself free past 229). feast Dormition Mary (15th August) established mid sixth response replacement Tisha B'av Six). Studies village Zoar mosaic map Madaba, south north Dead Sea, show annexation geography biblical past. Seven considers women societies. proffered examples ideal woman: both emphasized virginity well-defined role wife mother, based on subordination 295)—a rare moment agreement. chapter (Eight) focuses landscapes three cities, Caesarea, Sepphoris, Gaza. "weeping" pillars Caesarea commemorate martyrdom death rabbi. noted the... | review | en | Christianity|Judaism|Ancient history|Early Christianity|History|Settlement (finance)|Population|Late Antiquity|Palestine|Cult|Religious studies|Classics|Archaeology|Philosophy|Sociology|Demography|World Wide Web|Computer science|Payment | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2010.0000 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2062423813', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2010.0000', 'mag': '2062423813'} | Gaza|Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece</i> (review) | Kostis Kornetis (https://openalex.org/A5041174813)|Reguina Hatzipetrou-Andronikou (https://openalex.org/A5013043792) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Paradosiaká: Music, Meaning and Identity in Modern Greece Kostis Kornetis Reguina Hatzipetrou-Andronikou Eleni Kallimopoulou. Greece. Surrey, Burlington: Ashgate. 2009. Pp. xviii + 246. 20 illustrations, 1 table, 11 music examples, 2 CDs. Hardback $114.95. The sociopolitical condition of the 1970s 1980s has been renewed focus attention, not least because recent economic crisis fact that many analysts tend to attribute all ills so-called period Metapolitefsi. Few scholars, however, have concentrated on relationship between identity post-1974 Kallimopoulou's book, Greece, does precisely this, showing linkages music, (national) identity, politics. This fine study urban folk revival movement, paradosiaka, recounts both formation its particular musical professional milieu main practitioners, as well [End Page 146] Greek context since 1970s. book situates itself firmly within scholarly literature deals with issues and, particular, construction discourse regarding presumed continuities discontinuities culture. Part One focuses historical background paradosiaka revival, from late 1960s up early 1990s, starting attempts highlight ways which traditions were mobilized reformulated a means cultural resistance against military dictatorship. Contrary Colonels' use abuse dimotika ("folk songs") embodiment spirit, variety artists redefined gave new meaning source collective undermining at same time purist form. Kallimopoulou mentions Dionysis Savvopoulos Nikos Xylouris major exponents tendency surveys "rembetomania" proceeds discuss impact musicologist Simon Karas—including his involvement Orthodox theology, deep conviction church closely related, this "return" tradition had musicians. Two some key actors who shaped scene decade: Dynameis tou Aigaiou ("Powers Aegean"), performed recorded extensively until charismatic Irish multi-instrumentalist Ross Daly imported artistic spiritual influences ranging Indian Afghan general, world music. Lastly, live performances Turkish group Bosphorus inspired an interest Ottoman instruments (including "kemence," "ney," "lavta") set powerful precedent for future contacts All these groups revived reintroduced elements "charming package" exotic instruments, more informal youthful outlook terms performativity. In Three, processes indigenization professionalization style musicians during 1990s. creation Music Schools Secondary Education where "Greek music" was taught created teaching positions Karas's students. Thus, "younger generation" performers 1990s chance experiment Eastern diversified syncretic repertoire combined art but also jazz or entehno ("art song"). More opportunities became available teaching, performing, even recording either inside specific market general. themselves audience familiar their repertoire, focusing virtuosity personal style, while ideological progressively fading out. These confirmed 2000s. is further illustrated Four through portrait musician, Sofia Lampropoulou. Her secondary school background, her trip Istanbul teacher, eclectic musician profile 147] render Lampropoulou representative example generation instrumentalists. The... | review | en | Identity (music)|Meaning (existential)|Musical|Aesthetics|Context (archaeology)|National identity|Literature|Sociology|Politics|History|Art|Law|Political science|Philosophy|Epistemology|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2011.0000 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2001322231', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2011.0000', 'mag': '2001322231'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>Parties and Elections in Greece: The Search for Legitimacy</i> (review) | Thanos Veremis (https://openalex.org/A5047905991) | 1,989 | 188 Reviews in the prewar political and social order which swept country during years of enemy occupation. But whatever its weaknesses, this is a highly original, uninhibited, stimulating very readable account major turning points history modern Greece. It also reference work lasting value on matters pertaining to Greek navy. John O. Iatrides Southern Connecticut State University Richard Clogg, Parties Elections Greece: The Search for Legitimacy. Durham, North Carolina: Duke Press. 1987. Pp. 268. Cloth $38.95. Paper $15.95. Reader Modern History at King's College , London, well equipped examine post-war phenomena Greece—the with longest parliamentary tradition southern Europe. His interests range from Karamanlides (Christian Orthodox people Asia Minor who wrote Turkish texts characters) recent developments politics, he often analyzes British journal, World Today. In book does not focus 19th century roots politics but arduous process reestablishing democracy both form spirit, after interval Metaxas, occupation civil war. Clogg carefully traces intermittent democratic regeneration makes no bones about his own position matter. first chapter deals constitutions, parties parliament includes sixteen pages essential aspects half 20th centuries. Chapters two three analyze elections (including one 1985), four through seven deal profile eight covers electoral systems plebiscites. richly endowed appendices that include documents concerning positions parties, economic indicators, maps consolidated results national held between 1946-1985. This alone would suffice make valuable handbook any student memoryaid those witnessed period question. offers much more. author, whose stake rule was 189 exhibited junta years, simply disinterested onlooker. He speaks polity virtue reports since 1974 principles have passed series tests flying colors. According although 'dictatorial deviation' 1967-74 attempted stem tide modernization, it did fact unwittingly create consensus among forces led key changes. writes: ". . remarkably smooth transition authoritarian genuinely pluralistic signified crucial stage development Greece" (p. 216). handing over power by conservatives socialists 1981 constituted acid test democratization. reviewer like raise certain minor questions tribute author's impressive collection data information. Ethnikon Enotikon Komma founded P. Kanellopoulos before war 1950 headed founder St. Stephanopoulos 32). text leaves impression leadership party belonged alone. Mikhail Stasinopoulos appointed, elected, acting-President Republic 66). believes spirit Raramanlis' constitutional craft 1974—which aspired system bipolar executive (shared head state government)—was essence preserved constitution promulgated June 1975. Raramanlis initially Presidential intention occupying high office. original draft was, however, fraught contradictions faced loud outcry opposition. Ultimately, abandoned plan powerful presidency setded made source legitimacy Instead pursuing President, chose remain Prime Minister, least until 1980. Thanos Veremis Athens Stanley Aschenbrenner, Life Changing Village: Karpofora... | review | en | Politics|Legitimacy|Parliament|Democracy|Law|Spanish Civil War|Political history|Classics|History|Sociology|Economic history|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0190 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2083802997', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0190', 'mag': '2083802997'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>Peddling Bicycles to America: The Rise of an Industry</i> (review) | Pamela Walker Laird (https://openalex.org/A5045340108) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Peddling Bicycles to America: The Rise of an Industry Pamela Walker Laird (bio) Industry. By Bruce D. Epperson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, 2010. Pp. vi+294. $45. bicycle industry’s flame burned brightly in the late 1800s, and man most famous for fanning that was Albert A. Pope. Epperson spent two decades studying industry man, yet, his credit, he glorifies neither them. Instead, through a rich lively narrative complemented by solid analysis, America explains how “the American business did not define technological or industrial trajectory Gilded Age; it was, instead, defined it” (p. 246). offered new possibilities human-powered speed, but developing, [End Page 505] making, marketing them presented endless challenges. fully recognizes complexity system which those challenges converged. His legal training serves readers well because patents, corporate structures, lawsuits figured prominently among actors created each other. For example, Pope’s mistake regarding air-rifle patent preceded making taught him “a level sophistication matters exceeded only ruthlessness tenacity” 22). Thus armed, Pope attempted dominate wars began 1878 and, 1892, reached United States Supreme Court. “Utterly routed” end, learned collection patents as good its weakest link 32). final suit cost all parties half-million dollars would have been better on production. Lawsuits myriad other maneuvers remind us enthusiasm technologies may be goose might lay golden eggs. Fervor like can put such at risk. Accordingly, one strengths is intertwining variables, showing entrepreneurs technical specialists sometimes worked cross-purposes. Batch production characterized bicycles’ first half-century, dependence skilled labor build complex machines demand rewarded, instance, caution size runs close attention retail outlets. Choosing bluster over finesse these many arenas, attempts oligarchy failed dismally field dearly. politics sidewalks, roads, tariffs complicated system. Interestingly, Epperson’s examination legislation road building gives lobby less credit than usual improvement. Tariffs aided competing with technologically superior European, especially British, innovators manufacturers. book’s detail vast, including factory layouts construction, machine tools their functions, parts construction. Importantly, demonstrates connections sewing-machine manufacturers, who provided models practices, plus skills, even some factories, producing bicycles early decades. Promoting new, expensive, dangerous technology raised yet challenges, manufacturers assiduously built networks salesmen retailers, while advertising profusely. strategies, illustrations include no ads, elaborate once-ubiquitous lithographs, large small, helped spread bicycling contagion beyond magazines newspapers. Neglecting ephemeral forms underestimates era’s promotional spending infiltration into popular consumer culture. Overall, presents case almost encyclopedic density. research ranged widely, Canada, produced multitude 506] materials gracefully weaves narrative. Expansive acknowledgements chronicle adventures gathering letters, images, catalogs, trade journals, kinds numbers, so from archives, libraries, historical societies, courthouses, colleagues, descendants, Federal Reserve Bank Boston. This wealth interesting material draws down paths anecdote minutiae toward distraction. In biography, pages nephews children, houses, land dealings West, family’s Civil War experiences, forth suitable. They do not, however, add... | review | en | Mistake|Sophistication|Supreme court|Law|Gilded Age|Management|Engineering|Sociology|Political science|Economics|Social science | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0052 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2066717809', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0052', 'mag': '2066717809'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>Philadelphia Stories: America’s Literature of Race and Freedom</i> (review) | Sarah Schuetze (https://openalex.org/A5080851941) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Philadelphia Stories: America’s Literature of Race and Freedom Sarah Schuetze (bio) Freedom. Samuel Otter. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 396 pp. In William Penn’s Thomas Holme’s 1683 map, Portraiture the City Philadelphia, a grid charts streets that link Schuylkill to Delaware; east-west parallel lines comb across north-south lines, making city right angles. The city’s original geometry mirrors ideals is designed symbolize: rationality, order, uniformity, equality. As symbolic space, it an “experiment in freedom”; actual space functions as laboratory where citizens test resist parameters African American freedom. Somewhere between experiment laboratory, abstract freedom slavery, gap opens fills with stories. Like interletter distinguishing “free man” from “freeman,” problems betweenness narratives document them are shaped by race, politics. Stories, Otter’s beautifully written researched analysis stories gap, he identifies “literary place” characterized “positional antagonisms” (17). For instance, rather than finding themselves included within freedom, Philadelphians beside, beneath, behind freedom—with [End Page 516] contentious proximity (162–65). literary extending Republic Civil War, emerges through repeated images events particular geographic city, shaping localized form—Philadelphia stories—characterized instability, experiment, excess, but previously unexplored critics. Otter defines tradition depicts “volatile freedom” life for Americans stems incongruity what promises delivers. Introducing or form has escaped critical attention, includes fictional nonfictional works familiar authors, including Charles Brockden Brown, Mathew Carey, Hugh Henry Bracken-ridge, Robert Montgomery Bird, George Lippard, Martin Delany, Herman Melville. Alongside this analysis, traces lesser-known texts would have been more widely read when originally published, such Richard Allen Absalom Jones, John Beauchamp Josepha Hale, others. Unexpected beguiling items Edward W. Clay lithographs, silhouettes Wilson Peale’s Museum, volume (including images) commemorating burning Hall 1838, even recipe boneless roast turkey, broaden deepen already rich archive. Because his finesse impressive catalogue texts, reader can easily maneuver novel recipe, riot account, still-life painting (as discussion Garies Their Friends, instance), climbing deeper into dimensions story without losing one’s way. explains diversity studies suggests, not studied together acknowledged because they appear coherence. They different formats, objectives, so scholarship on Brown middle class reform organizations cannot encompass them. But investigation all these more. What seems make each text quirky actually connects rest; share distorted surfaces uneven topographies that, argues, represent volatility, vulnerability, revolution, violence. reads trope emblem incongruence “experiment” invites rupture racial boundaries prejudice partitions Americans, distorting social existence. literature, (doors, walls, streets, floors) 517] individual’s (skin, clothing, speech, gestures) be analogues barriers grant thwart access woman, free citizen perform her middle-class status walking down Chestnut Street, white resistant equality, race distorts dress, carriage, speech... | review | en | Narrative|History|American literature|Art history|Sociology|Art|Literature | https://doi.org/10.1353/eal.2012.0035 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2052608315', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/eal.2012.0035', 'mag': '2052608315'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Early American Literature |
<i>Policy Making in Israel: Routines for Simple Problems and Coping with the Complex</i> (review) | Frank Tachau (https://openalex.org/A5004292736) | 1,999 | Book Reviews III Policy Making in Israel: Routines for Simple Problems and Coping with the Complex, by Ira Sharkansky. Pittsburgh: University ofPittsburgh Press, 1997. 216 pp. $19.95. Sharkansky is a prolific professor of political science at Hebrew University. He has written extensively fields public administration, policy, economy, Israeli politics. In 1996 1997 alone, he published four books, including this one. The subjects range from Israel Its Bible through Governing Jerusalem to an examination Rituals Conflict: Religion, Politics, Public Policy. Earlier, undertook comparative analysis ancient modem (Ancient Modern An Exploration ofPolitical Parallels [1991]). As American Jew who made aliya many years ago, owes no one apologies his comments on politics society, which are set forth impassive no-nonsense fashion may raise some eyebrows. often treats subject ironic humor likely upset those committed militancy or strongly ideological positions. This book style essay easily accessible lay readers, undergraduate students others not familiar either field policy analysis. focus issues endemic politics: immigration, peace Arabs, future Jerusalem, religious! secular schism among Jews. suggests that problems simple complex. divides continuum into seven steps, ranging such individual concerns as application benefits, unidimensional multidimensional problems, followed insoluble (some carrying "high threat"), ultimately reaching level "predicament dilemma." Predicaments defined "with attractive solutions," dilemmas "a subset ofa predicament ... involv[ing] alternatives equally unpleasant" (p. 24). Immigration, simplest examined here, dealt largely routine fashion, most relatively low-level civil servants. other three more Arab-Israeli problem--or, Sharkansky's view, bundle ofproblems-is intermediate complexity. Until 1970s, it appei:!red be insoluble; since then, its complexity subsided somewhat "negotiations offer promising violence," although election Binyamin Netanyahu Prime Minister stopped trend, least short term. problell). complexity, say, multi-dimensional but insoluble, 112 SHOFAR Summer 1999 Vol. 17, No.4 involves serious both Israelis Palestinians. Religioussecular relations constitute problem neither side able win decisive victory, sides include protagonists given ritual symbolic conflict their opponents. complex characterized "coping" behavior highlevel officials, rather than conduct bureaucrats, according Sharkansky, points out "the real world appears mixture two wholly other" 34). take forms: "engagement coping," flexible approach "efforts salvage something difficult situation," pursuit of"the important goals expense lesser ones," employing "ambiguity order reach working accords" 127). By contrast, "avoidance coping" "hopelessness, confusion, rigidity, distortion, disorganization, randomness, disorder, distress, depression, anxiety, submission, lack control," "exhibits pointless emoting" 35). Palestinian leaders have engaged types coping issue sometimes simultaneously, making hard tell predominant any time. However, argues 1967 until 1993, policy-makers generally employed engagement techniques, while nationalists opted avoidance coping. After however, Palestinians marked shift coping.... More period before [1993] accord was signed, became judge engagement, 128). concludes city's recent history works... | review | en | Politics|Ideology|Judaism|Schism|Parallels|Sociology|Law|Hebrew|Classics|Religious studies|History|Political science|Theology|Philosophy|Mechanical engineering|Engineering | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1999.0132 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969454902', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1999.0132', 'mag': '1969454902'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Polish Jews in Paris: The Ethnography of Memory</i> (review) | Vicki Caron (https://openalex.org/A5049790956) | 1,992 | 120 SHOFAR Fall 1992 Vol. 11, No. 1 through a sermon by rabbi against immoral behavior and the reflections of an Algerian-Jewish intellectual on tense Muslim-Jewish relations. Through these sources we learn that Middle Eastern Jews were among founders Haifa modern Jaffa, unlike many European in nineteenth century, they did not live private donations from abroad (haluka) but engaged handicrafts, commerce, manual labor. We are also made aware impact World War II Jewry: assistance young Algerian Allied war effort, it was only dint logistical problems Tunisian Jewish community victim Final Solution, pogrom Baghdad as British stood outskirts city. Both narrative documentarycompendium supplemented extensive footnotes bibliography, creating text informative to general reader invaluable scholars. The story ofthe ofArab lands times is tale rarely encountered either or histories, readers will be grateful Professor Stillman for providing second volume useful first. Reeva S. Simon East Institute Columbia University PolishJews Paris: Ethnography ofMemory, byJonathan Boyarin. Bloomington: Indiana Press, 1991. This elegantly written ethnographic study attempts recreate texture everyday life Paris today. Focusing landsmanshaftn, mutual aid societies, Boyarin describes how lives now elderly members associations, nearly all whom came left-wing political backgrounds, have been shattered disjunctive experiences this century: Holocaust, their tremendous disillusionment with communism, profound cultural dislocation resulting processes immigration integration into French society. These experiences, argues, instilled immigrants deep-seated need bestow new meaning "fragmented lives" (p. 29). They strive accomplish end organizations, reshaping traditional ones, landsmanshaftn. rich array secular rituals,these Book Reviews 121 former radicals endeavor reinstate history back mainstream ofJewish tradition. Funerals memorial services victims Holocaust provide single most important avenue which renew tie past. preoccupation death no means surprising given social makeup community: its elderly, ranks constantly diminishing, vast majority them survivors well. While attendance at funerals reaffirms community's sense solidarity continuity past, particular nature burial customs further reinforces communal identity, since plots collective rather than individual, landsmanshaft buried together (pp. 137-138). In addition normal round funerals, Yiddish whole sponsors annual service cemetery commemorate Holocaust. And finally, cycle ofremembrance culminates pilgrimage towns Pithiviers Beaune·laRolande near Paris, where interned during German occupation. mourning constitute core activities, there festive occasions well, especially balls. balls, suggests, remind "heirs long glorious past" 104). That balls held Purim Hanukkah permits thoroughly "to reassert connection ancestors one hand validity beliefs other" 103). Yet, just immigrant's rituals changed wake so too has focus shifted light ' communism. once served public manifestations solidarity, today almost exclusively celebration ofYiddish culture affirmation pro-Israel loyalties. Although aim... | review | en | Judaism|Ethnography|History|Narrative|Classics|Middle East|Sociology|Religious studies|Anthropology|Art|Literature|Archaeology|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1992.0086 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050373679', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1992.0086', 'mag': '2050373679'} | Algeria|Israel|Tunisia | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope and Despair</i> by Ali Mirsepassi (review) | Ali Mortazavian (https://openalex.org/A5031742971) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope Despair by Ali Mirsepassi Mortazavian Mirsepassi, 2011. New York: Cambridge University Press, vii + 23 pp., $90.00. ISBN: 978-0-52176-882-5 (hbk). Enlightenment is founded on argument that political Islam – which mobilized Iranian population against Shah’s regime led to victory Islamic Revolution in 1979 was heavily under influence certain radical Western counter-Enlightenment philosophies. These ‘non-Islamic ideas’ had a powerful impact shaping principal ideological components critique modernity West and, ultimately, gave rise ‘narratives despair’ as opposed hope’. The latter refers more sociological approach or vision social change with particular emphasis everyday life pragmatic ethics, while former dominant feature revolutionary ideology characterized broad philosophical hostility liberal democratic institutions. narratives envisage two sides have their own distinguished representatives contemporary thought: John Dewey, American philosopher, who represents hope narrative; Martin Heidegger, German despair narrative. locates origins ‘discourse Iran handful influential intellectuals namely, Fardid, Shari‘ati, Al-i Ahmad, Shayigan whom he criticizes for fascination abstract metaphysical notions authenticity, harsh elitist language, nostalgia old, traditional society culture; also feels they were indifferent real needs common man. Drawing Tayeb Salih’s novel, Season Migration North, underline complexities well tragic consequences ‘return’ discourse leads fragmentation despair, explores roots this anxiety insecurity caused [End Page 239] decentring uprooting experiences pave way emergence nostalgic desires such ‘return’, ‘nativism’, ‘spiritual home’. He then explains these individuals responsible popularising philosophy Heidegger according played key role development Iranian-Islamic discourse, provided basis thereafter. Unfortunately, most space actually dedicated taken up an explanation Heideggerian jargon rather than evidence supporting main assertion. intellectual debates post-revolutionary especially those ‘historicism’ ‘positivism’, are discussed from angle. Historicism treated manner because it marked authenticity; positivism democracy, maintains that, its insistence transformation existing understanding Shi‘a theology, far consistent tradition. Of concern regards treatment discourses book is, despite centrality era, neither well-described nor well-documented. In contrast despair’, alternative based Deweyan since Dewey held avoided pitfalls both scientific secularism cultural religious essentialism. suggests manifested British model presents satisfactory French Revolution, inspired Ataturk lesser extent, Shah Iran. Following philosophy, may be envisaged open-ended, not reduced fixed single path socio-political transformation. Thus, preference model, inclusive ‘moral sense’, restricted reason. argues (British) could lead democracy peaceful transition happened India where... | review | en | Enlightenment|Modernity|Ideology|Islam|Politics|Narrative|Religious studies|Democracy|Sociology|Philosophy|Gender studies|Political science|Law|Theology|Epistemology|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2013.0011 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1968418065', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2013.0011', 'mag': '1968418065'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies |
<i>Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and the World's Urban Water Crisis</i> (review) | Roger Mark Selya (https://openalex.org/A5025269593) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and the World's Urban Water Crisis Roger Mark Selya (bio) Karen Bakker , (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010), 303 pages, ISBN 978-0-8014-7464-4. Although not specifically included as such in any convention or treaty, availability of water is often discussed treated a human right. This found formal millennium development goals well growing popular scholarly literature devoted to supply issues. The book under review valuable addition this because it explores critical problem: how an affordable, safe secure continuously expanding urban populations underdeveloped countries. In constructing framework answer question touches upon wide range topics that are always discussions problems: for example, controversies regarding privatizing systems, governance market failures may affect delivery, acceptance [End Page 289] right, role community management, important hydrological ecological factors must be attempt solve problems. Bakker's work consists preface, brief note on terminology, introduction, seven topical chapters, conclusion. An attractive stylistic device use stories parables individuals, cities (Cochabamba, Bolivia; Dar el Salam, Egypt; Porto Alegre, Brazil; Santa Cruz, Durban, Nelspruit, Johannesburg, South Africa) regions (Wales) countries (South concerning successes their supplies. However, there distractingly inordinate amount duplication material from chapter chapter. reflect fact several chapters have appeared previously stand-alone articles journals. Thus, rather than summarize individual better list core arguments propositions. propositions: 1. each system unique, enough commonalities warrant describing common histories. 2. seeking solutions problems imperative avoid terms informal, risks, private, community. 3. There no single cause lack modern nor one panacea crises. 4. global pattern localized crises which pollution, overexploitation, poor lead increasing scarcity. 5. Behind every theory plan reforming solving contending issues, untested unproven assumptions. 6. assessing seeing alternative dichotomies, private versus public management systems. Dichotomies inevitably false mask subtle gradations between, mixes of, two polar solutions. Furthermore, reality three models supply—public, 7. debate over privatization ownership essentially both local place based commodity; need reject "small beautiful" automatic delegation power at scale. 8. Be wary utopian descriptions communities suggest freedom oversight desirable even possible. 9. inherent tension between centralized control water. 10. Instead framing envision involving potential governance, source options. 11. Failures delivery systems usually involve market, state, problems; but do external pressures protests. 12. Dams necessarily best way insure adequate supplies since planning building rarely address adequately cultural, demographic, ecological, financial impacts. 13. especially when focus drinking water, also has considered 14. include variables making decisions supply. 15. dwellers, more than... | review | en | Corporate governance|Water supply|Political science|Terminology|Sociology|Business|Engineering|Finance|Environmental engineering|Linguistics|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2012.0012 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1964659514', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2012.0012', 'mag': '1964659514'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>Protecting the Dispossessed: A Challenge for the International Community</i> (review) | Eshetu Choie (https://openalex.org/A5086112999) | 1,995 | Book Reviews Protecting the Dispossessed: A Challenge for International Community Francis M. Deng Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1993. 175 pp. + xii. In March 1992, United Nations Commission on Human Rights requested secretary-general to appoint author of this book as his special representative study and produce a report problem displaced persons (i.e., those within their own countries). This owes its origin that report. introduction, reviews principles involved in protecting displaced, which serves background two major parts book, one dealing with specific countries (Yugoslavia, Russia, Somalia, Sudan, El Salvador , Cambodia), another looks at displacement global perspective. is topical because it covers most pressing problems our time. As 1993, we are told there were 25 million people world, far more than 18 refugees whose predicament world familiar. Given frequency so-called "complex emergencies" break out, phenomenon likely increase rather decrease immediate future. especially true Horn Africa, continues be unstable regions world. points displaced—despite numbers—receive less attention refugees, symbolized by fact that©Northeast African Studies (ISSN 0740-9133) Vol. 2, No. 3 (New Series) 1995, 85-104 S5 86 while an international organization deals specifically latter (United High Commissioner Refugees), no such body address former. spite condition desperate refugees; fact, may even worse, when due actions governments, want disown them prevent from receiving assistance. why concept sovereignty traditionally conceived has come under serious attack. Should principle used repressive government inflict abuses people? What responsibility community circumstances : do nothing invoking sovereignty, or override too narrow definition assistance affected populations, thereby clearly embarking confrontation course question? makes clear, consensus emerging rejects traditional notion favor broader focused not abstract state but real human beings suffering. provides good overview challenge involved, legal protection mechanisms currently existence, how reconciled responsibility. It forcefully point adequate addressing highlights need concerted action sphere. general, very thoughtfully written book. also lucid. short, excellent problem. country chapters provide brief introductions nature faced each selected country. introductions, they sense general reader. However, offer new specialist person interested detailed analysis complexities On average, slightly 10 pages per intricacy all reviewed, obviously impossible extended commentary short compass. And, given overall objective maybe unfair expect treatment . reader interests will have look elsewhere, whereas find sufficient 87 food thought. One might remark passing that... | review | en | Refugee|Commission|International community|Displaced person|Internally displaced person|Institution|Political science|French horn|Human rights|Law|Sociology|Development economics|Politics|Economics|Pedagogy | https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0034 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1978567834', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0034', 'mag': '1978567834'} | Somalia|Sudan | C144024400|C169437150|C47768531 | Development economics|Human rights|Sociology | Northeast African Studies |
<i>Race Relations in Virginia and Miscegenation in the South, 1776-1860</i> (review) | Patricia Hickin (https://openalex.org/A5030893892) | 1,972 | 260CIVIL WAR HISTORY It is apparent that the debate concerning interpretations of slavery in Americas terms cultural and institutional level economic, demographic, geographic also pertains to historical interpretation patterns race relations. In this respect, complexity differences racial Brazil United States admirably maintained Degler's analysis . The comparative essays Hoetink Jordan, referred earlier, deal with societies for which nationality inheritance not a variable lend themselves an explanation on economics material conditions. dealing between States, vary both levels, Degler reaches integration two levels his explanation. These volumes only demonstrate value method our understanding relations Americas, but most fruitful pursuit entails wiping out traditional lines history social sciences approach was anticipated by Frank Tannenbaum some twenty-five years ago. Arnold A. Sio Centre Multi-Racial Studies, Barbados Race Relations Virginia Miscegenation South, 1776-1860. By James Hugo Johnston. Foreword Winthrop Jordan. (Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 1970. Pp. vii, 362. $10.00.) Johnston's book essentially doctoral dissertation completed at Chicago 1937; as such it contains many flaws virtues theses era. Although research has been carefully done, organization are simplistic. Quotations long appear frequently: virtually documentary aspects southern author dealing. Because Johnston revised original work include extensive since 1937, observations out-of-date or already well-known. A professor emeritus State College, presents no real thesis—except point time again blacks whites were human beings races therefore contained men women good bad qualities. Such generalization hardly enlightening, yet author's calm assessment welcome relief from emotionalism permeates so much current writing black-white Though specialist black will find few new concepts comments, almost all readers profit reading documents he quotes. As Jordan writes foreword, book's chief lies use quotations, they show BOOK REVIEWS261 "variety complexity" South. Unfortunately , generalizations draws do justice either variety complexities. He divided into three sections. first parts attempts divide indivisible: one part purportedly concerns Negroes white Virginians; other, relation Virginians Negroes. Section deals miscegenation various section, opening chapter, "Friendly Relations," maintains ability numerous slaves win their master's approval shows "possessed excellent characters" (p. 17); argues (logically enough) slave's willingness manumission faithful servitude reflected desire freedom. takes pride who won freedom means, respects those "who resisted discipline slave system" thereby showed "not docile, humble servants" 29). second "Violent led insurrections "appear have courageous daring spirits" qualities leadership " 41). third "Free Negro significant points two: free state achieved higher socio-economic status... | review | en | Race (biology)|Nationality|Value (mathematics)|Interpretation (philosophy)|Sociology|History|Anthropology|Gender studies|Immigration|Archaeology|Philosophy|Linguistics|Machine learning|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1972.0055 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1973881263', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1972.0055', 'mag': '1973881263'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>Races on Display: French Representations of Colonized Peoples, 1886-1940</i> (review) | Jennifer Yee (https://openalex.org/A5002483914) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Races on Display: French Representations of Colonized Peoples, 1886-1940 Jennifer Yee 1886-1940. By Dana S. Hale. (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008). Based the author's 1998 Ph.D, Display is part a wave studies that, from 1980s onwards, examine cultural history world fairs exhibitions, more specifically ways in which they represented colonized peoples. Although it regrettably does not include bibliography, reflects influence English-language such as Alice Conklin's A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea Empire France West Africa, 1895-1930 (1997) makes minimal acknowledgement some (many) recent studies. It initially clear how present volume seeks make an original contribution; rather vague statement introduction suggests that its originality lies focus portrayals "race" than exotic (2), but given emphasis concepts race decades, this particularly convincing. Hale however take angle by moving between analysis colonial largely based contemporary textual archival sources, broad study trademarks with themes registered 1886 1940. Hale's divided into two main parts, separated chronologically watershed First World War. Her deals France's Third Republic (1870-1940), rise ideology popular culture generally thought dating 1880s 1870s. Each approaches peoples under three headings, dealing "Sub-Saharan Africans", "North "Indochinese" turn. These titles reflect perception truly unified geographical zones, subtitles suggest: are thus qualified Part I "Gentle Subjects" II "Fils Doué" (there no discussion term "Indochina" despite striking ambivalence historical specificity alongside neutral terms Africa", indeed sometimes seems China Japan). chapter moves period, research Paris Marseilles, narrative account for she able draw range commentators; there are, course, fewer accounts trademarks, selection reproduced here black white. flags up moments revealing tension organisers exhibitions sub-contractors concerning nature exhibits, around fraught question what constituted "authentically" produce "authentic" native art. There interesting uneasy blending commercial interests imagery taken Orientalism Arabian Nights Algeria. And brief though fascinating attempts at encouraging form racial engineering through "Miss d.Outre-mer beauty contest", open daughters métissage, accompanying contest find "Best Colonial Marriage", 1937 Fair (138-39). respectable contribution ongoing process has changed our understanding European imperialism influenced culture. suffers, however, problem my view often afflicts histories imperialism. general tendency discuss series binary oppositions (imperial power/various peoples) encourages us see imperial power single, homogeneous unit, can lead serious contradictions simplifications. In case volume, sense escalating divergence metropolitan perceptions North African indigenous populations those settlers Algeria (the "pieds noirs"). Such distinction might help explain odd book, claims seemed irrelevant (118, 135), goes show was "natives... | review | en | Exhibition|Colonialism|History|Race (biology)|Originality|Genealogy|Empire|Media studies|Sociology|Anthropology|Art history|Gender studies|Ancient history|Qualitative research|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.2010.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2038061420', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.2010.0001', 'mag': '2038061420'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History |
<i>Religion, Literature and the Imagination: Sacred Worlds</i> (review) | Shira Wolosky (https://openalex.org/A5009329334) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Religion, Literature and the Imagination: Sacred Worlds Shira Wolosky Mark Knight Louise Lee, eds. Worlds. London: Continuum, 2009. 208 pp. Religion are Gemini constellations: twin faces, but often gazing in opposite directions. This has particularly been case last decades of secularizing literary discourses, where religion tended to be absorbed into categories race, gender, class. closing critical eye has, however, become more difficult sustain as religious identity emerged once light, not say glare, contemporary social, political, — alas military confrontation. Each essay Imagination, edited by takes different note need for new recognition re-introduction discussion. Some essays pursue an analysis elements works terms or less traditional, continuing practices that have never fully disappeared. Other specific projects identification within (although none these distinctions absolute) than broader [End Page 206] theoretical reflections on question literature religion. They connect this interesting ways current debates aesthetics. The collection also includes fictional story “I Am Not Walter Benjamin” John Schad. volume is framed opening written, respectively, about Geoffrey Hartman: “Notes toward a Supreme Addiction: Theology Fiction William Blake Philip K. Dick” Hartman, Emma Mason’s “Saving Literary Criticism.” Hartman himself ceased interweave theological concerns with other philosophical perspectives practice combines intensely textual reflection. Essays examining references dimensions given set include Kevin Hart’s “God’s Little Mountains: Young Hiss Problem Religious Poetry,” which examines Mary Webb’s 1917 novel Gone Earth echoed Hill’s poem Mountain,” written 1952. described scene struggle between myth (specifically “blood-myth” atonement), whether erasing intensifying poetry In background one hears Empson’s resolute effort detach study from those critics whom he called “Neo-Christians” such Helen Gardner Rosemond Tuve: Empson saw them tightening grip discourse study. Hill, Empsonian ambiguity carries intensifies ambivalence enrich strengthen event. “Little Mountain” turns out pun own name. What opens discussion Christian tension art “constitutively distraction authentic spirituality” (35), if aesthetics represents theft spirit body poetic letter. center around topoi works. Lee’s “Deity Dispatches: Crimean Beginnings Muscular Christianity” focuses writings Charles Kingsley enact kind self-suspected bad faith: writer fighting soldiers represented heroism, remained at home, absent combat. Here registered blurring home/front distinction instituted emerging technologies communication, immediately brought battle defended experiencing it. outcome was Kingsley’s ideology “muscular Christianity,” claiming heroism itself. Jo Carruthers’s “Israel Zangwill, Jewish Identity Visceral Religion,” shifts American questions ethnic identity. whose play gave term “Melting Pot” addresses intense instability democratic claims transcend preserve distinctiveness. At issue challenge merely voluntary (as implied rationalist secularism since Enlightenment), rather involuntary “visceral.” Andrew Tate’s “The Oldest Dream All: Heaven Contemporary Fiction,” 207] discusses how postmodern fiction, proposes multiple ambiguous endings, “imagines... | review | en | Knight|Politics|Sociology|Aesthetics|Literature|Philosophy|Art|Law|Political science|Physics|Astronomy | https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.2011.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1984001141', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.2011.0001', 'mag': '1984001141'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Partial Answers |
<i>Remembering in Vain: The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity</i> (review) | Louis René Beres (https://openalex.org/A5067103891) | 1,994 | 98 SHOFAR Summer 1994 Vol. 12, No.4 increasingly virulent antisemitic laws of the government. Also, by 1943 many Jews in France were active French resistance movement. Overall Zuccotti provides reader with a passionate account how responded to Holocaust. In her analysis she captures all ambiguities situation where you had government that took initiatives on its own, collaborated Nazis round-up ofJews, yet also resisted Nazis' efforts persecute origin. She shows population harbored attitudes but showed some overt forms antisemitism part this respect, Zuccotti's book complexity and Holocaust France. The "banality evil" did not become routinized remained closely connected contradictory beliefs about their national identity place ofJews it. Dwayne Woods Department Political Science Purdue University Remembering Vain: Klaus Barbie Trial Crimes Against HUlllanity, Alain Finkielkraut. Introduction Alice Kaplan. New York: Columbia Press, 1992. 102 pp. $19.50. Shortly after recent Gulf War, President George Bush gave assurances Saddam Hussein would pay dearly for committing crimes war, against peace, humanity. similar vein, Senator Al Gore, now Vice President, called establishment formal war tribunal prosecute Iraqi leader "cruel, inhuman, unthinkable repression." Justifying such tribunal, Gore said it "perform sacred duty dead whose blood, as Bible says, cries out from earth which was spilled." course, never established. Nuremberg expectations notwithstanding, terrible inflicted upon Iraqis, Kuwaitis, Israelis, Saudis, Americans, others have gone unpunished. Significantly, world has sometimes been more conscientious seeking prosecuting Nazi crimes, these prosecutions, even when they end conviction, often fail produce justice. Humanity is thoughtful extremely critical one prosecution, 1988 trial, France, notorious "Butcher Lyons." Book Reviews 99 trial between May 11 July 4, 1987. Although found guilty sentenced life prison (there no longer death penalty France), his lawyers succeeded reconceptualizing charge "crimes humanity." resultant "blurring" charge, says Finkielkraut, defiled very memory For most part, author right mark. But, while he lawyer or legal scholar therefore be evaluated strictly along jurisprudential criteria, Finkielkraut always done elementary homework complete care. Returning London Charter August 8, 1945, documentary source incorporation indictment, claims purely tactical considerations authorities will long-term negative consequences Because, alleges, statute limitations, humanity contain statute, prosecution chose treat Barbie's cruelties-deportation-related Resistance-as qualitatively indistinguishable. reporting court's differential treatment statutory limitations humanity, entirely accurate. I What fails understand, however, consequently reveal readers, court acted incorrectly accepting differentiation. According Convention NonApplicability ofStatutory Limitations War Humanity, "... there period limitation humanity."2 But does deal satisfactorily, elegantly, what calls "the irreducible specificity After received survivors victims Resistance heroes, generally tried ignore those who known "racially deported," ones "zebra" clothes, Jews. This sharp dichotomy went so far 'See Le... | review | en | Antisemitism|Crimes against humanity|Nazism|The Holocaust|Tribunal|Law|Politics|Humanity|Political science|Population|Jewish question|War crime|Big government|Religious studies|Sociology|History|Judaism|International law|Philosophy|Demography|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1994.0095 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2020566901', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1994.0095', 'mag': '2020566901'} | Iraq|Israel|Kuwait | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security: From Pacifism to Realism?</i> (review) | Christopher W. Hughes (https://openalex.org/A5052593466) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security: From Pacifism to Realism? Christopher W. Hughes (bio) By Paul Midford. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2011. xviii, 250 pages. $75.00, cloth; $24.95, paper; E-book. Midford in this volume has produced a very important study done great service those the Japan studies community working on Japan’s evolving security policy and, more widely, international relations (IR) scholarship dealing with explanations of national behavior. given us an excellent text which—although not free contentions over conclusions relating empirical evidence, nuances interpretation, competing explanations, wider implications—will form central indispensable part literature for many years. [End Page 484] Midford’s essential contention is that influence public opinion determining postwar period been relatively understudied, poorly understood, cases underestimated. Even specialists IR theorists who claim find key either vested or divorced from rarely look systematically at how variable works practice. This aims reintroduce centrally into debate. The author seeks demonstrate functions as intervening between decisions elite policymakers actual outcomes it thus filters out most potentially egregious tendencies state seeking push forward military role. In first volume, investigation launched by laying wide variety polling data newspapers organizations illustrate stable leans toward certain antimilitaristic predilections regard policy. then examines particular conditions account just general but also specifically instances where influential helping determine claims these are existence of: large majorities; political competition; united Diet opposition supported majority; nearing election; evidence retrospective voting; concerns ruling coalition about consequences issues other issues; new proposal old likely impose costs; consensus norms institutions. proceeds argue confirm outlook suspicious utility offensive power ends anxious U.S. adventurism risks entrapment. Hence, default position security, which cannot be easily shifted, one what he calls “Defensive Realism,” eschewing instead preferring concentrate homeland defense. A series interesting case further demonstrates durability attitudes use force cold war years twenty-first century. provides meticulous research Gulf War, passing UN Peacekeeping Operations bill, dispatch Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) support response 9/11, JSDF Iraq. These chapters show ambitions policymaking elites hard-edged cooperation were much constrained some cases, claims, halted opinion. analysis whole sophisticated persuasive, his wonderfully researched. His work advanced our understanding mechanics policy, every future 485] will need take rather than simply taking granted. However, noted above, there extended main conclusions. First, does always seem stand up terms larger security. used survey... | review | en | Public opinion|Scholarship|Elite|Political science|Realism|Public administration|Public policy|Sociology|Law|Politics|Epistemology|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2012.0046 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2039557410', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2012.0046', 'mag': '2039557410'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology</i> (review) | Steven Rendall (https://openalex.org/A5074815628) | 1,993 | Reviews181 Rethinking Translation:Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology, edited by Lawrence Venuti; xi & 235 pp. New York: Routledge , 1992, $49.95 cloth, $16.95 paper. "Poststructuralist translation theory," Venuti writes, "lays the groundwork for an incisive method of reading translations. A emerges as active reconstitution foreign text mediated irreducible linguistic, discursive, and ideological differences target-language culture" (p. 10). The essays composing this stimulating volume approach theory practice from several angles. Andrew Benjamin offers a rather murky Lacanian meditation on original/translation binary, in relation to Freud's conceptoíNachträglichkeit;JohnJohnston reads Walter Benjamin's "The Task Translator" with Deleuze's concept simulacrum (in Plato, "bad image" containing "a disparity or difference," p. 48), Lori Chamberlin shows how metaphors used describe code it feminine. These mainly theoretically-oriented are followed two case studies practice: Suzanne Jill Levine her "(sub)versive" feminist Cabrera Infante Jeffrey Mehlman James Merrill's poem "Lost Translation" (auto)erotic "translation" Valéry's "Palmes." is about translation, possibility further explored Sharon Willis's discussion Hélène Cixous's Vivre l'orange, already polylingual. In similar vein, Samia Mehrez examines strategies North African writers trying formulate their cultural experience French shadowed Arabic Islam. Her essay finds interesting complement RichardJacquemond's solid, finegrained French-Arabic (focusing Egypt). Sherry Simon discusses early English translations French-Canadian literature more recent works that represent Canadian urban, working-class speech, which makes frequent use ofgallicized English. Tom Conley's provocative "translation " colors Baudelaire's Rimbaud's poetry is, usual, sui generis. Finally, editor's study I. U. Tarchetti's "plagiarism" story Mary Shelley stresses way "abusive" simultaneously betrays writer's project reveals its limits: "its failure recognize gender hierarchy marriage, complicity oppression European racism" (pp. 224-25). accord emphasis political implications difference one obvious focal points these essays. thoroughly contemporary stress importance preserving than reducing (at least where "postcolonial" texts concerned) runs counter traditional views translation. For most part, contributors oppose kind ofappropriation naturalization translator's work invisible, gives readers 182Philosophy Literature impression written own language. Like Vladimir Nabokov (though different reasons), they critical of"smooth," "readable" erase alterity translated text. Yet, RichardJacquemond notes, when lack qualities, often read only specialists literati. Some seem me oversimplify task translator, who has always strike some balance between conveying "strangeness" making accessible readers. By rendering visible, seek not draw attention processes assimilation involved alterity, but also win translators recognition deserve. This surely laudable goal. But result throughout volume, plaintive voice repeatedly heard wailing: "I get no respect!" Many redolent certain ressentiment; even ifone accepts argument priority ofthe "original" mystification individualist ideology, envy "authors" remains all too manifest. As I know feeling well, still uncomfortable. confess I'd be satisfied just better paid. University OregonSteven Rendall After Eden, Secularization American Space Fiction WiUa Cather Theodore Dreiser, Conrad Eugene Ostwalt,Jr... | review | en | Subjectivity|Ideology|Philosophy|Binary opposition|Translation studies|Poetry|Literature|Poetics|Sociology|Linguistics|Art|Epistemology|Politics|Political science|Law | https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1993.0070 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1988625480', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1993.0070', 'mag': '1988625480'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Philosophy and Literature |
<i>Returning to Tradition: The Contemporary Revival of Orthodox Judaism</i> (review) | Ira Robinson (https://openalex.org/A5072253191) | 1,991 | Volume 9, No.4 Summer 1991 131 Returning to Tradition: The Contemporary Revival of Orthodox Judaism, by M. Herbert Danzger. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. 374 pp. $29.95. which as recently thirty years ago was looked upon many observers a rapidly disappearing anachronism, has undergone remarkable transformation in its public image recent years. Far from disappearing, Orthodoxy reasserted itself the public's perception movement both viable and vibrant. It reinforced claim not merely be Judaism past, but also Judaic wave future. done so least because phenomenon B'alei Teshuva, Jews non-Orthodox backgrounds who, numbering thousands, have joined themselves various communities adopted their lifestyles. In consonance with newfound prominence, scholars become increasingly interested Orthodoxy, historically terms social anthropology. Sociologists such Samuel Heilman, Charles Liebman, William Shaffir, Janet Aviad, among others, engaged an attempt understand contemporary Orthodoxy. Danzger's book is admirable contribution this work. Danzger studied Ba'al Teshuva Israel North America insider's knowledge innumerable nuances well detached perspective sociologist. Playing dual role never free pitfalls, author expertly seems avoid most them. only notable lapse his assertion (p. 104) that separation sexes worship goes back thousands Jerusalem Temple, far conclusive been vigorously challenged some. However, acceptance version history does materially diminish achievement. He chronicled "return" scrupulous regard for differing experiences men women, Americans Israelis, hippies straights. What he discovered, other things, those who "returned " nearly always possessed some education ethnic identity, however minimal. notion Ba'alei coming complete tabula rasa regarding myth. shows there existed important homologies between hippie institutions (yeshivot) began attracting them 1960s. These included general countercultural stance relative dominant societal mores, rejection work ethic criterion "success," subordinate position ofwomen. 132 SHOFAR becomes clear analysis are basic differences conversion process Christianity, stemming fundamental in. sociologies two faith communities. This stands useful corrective sociological literature on process, normally takes Christianity paradigm. Finally, Tradition indicates Ba 'aL had likely continue profound effect itself. Whereas previously worked hard retain own children communities, now they "outside" culture choice. implication potentially profound. As states 340): traditionalists open broader world innermost recesses ... Even if successful, beliefs transformed unarticulated practices reasoned choices. nature changed. may strengthened-but necessarily . Ira Robinson Concordia Montreal Secrets Times: Myth History Biblical Chronology, Jeremy Hughes. Journal Study Old Testament Supplement Series, 66. Sheffield, England: JSOT 1990. 315 $60.00. Hughes' monograph biblical chronologies successful revision Oxford dissertation directed James Barr. validity approach rooted recognition chronology primarily mythic schematic, product writers' imperative explicate theological significance universal Judaeo-centric time. theological... | review | en | Orthodoxy|Judaism|Phenomenon|Religious studies|Anachronism|Sociology|Philosophy|History|Theology|Law|Politics|Political science|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1991.0075 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2041998188', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1991.0075', 'mag': '2041998188'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Rising Star</i>: A Game-Changing Format in a Dying Genre | Merav Schiffmann (https://openalex.org/A5058653065) | 2,016 | In the TV industry everyone is constantly searching for ‘the next big hit.’ For a brief moment in time, Rising Star perfectly fit this description. Within days of Israeli launch first season, format had already sold internationally to major territories. boasted its kind audience participation and real-time live experience. This caught attention producers, executives creators everywhere. was game-changing concept, set shake genre reality singing competition shows core. The case study discussed paper examines creation stages transmedia television format, strains effecting development, rapid global roll-out international adaptations, primarily failure on US market negative ripple effect. | article | en | Competition (biology)|Star (game theory)|Set (abstract data type)|Instant|Singing|Advertising|Media studies|Political science|Sociology|Business|Computer science|Economics|Management|Mathematical analysis|Ecology|Mathematics|Biology|Programming language|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2016.jethc101 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4244169130', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2016.jethc101'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | View : Journal of European Television History and Culture |
<i>Ritual and Ethnic Identity: A Comparative Study of the Social Meaning of Liturgical Ritual in Synagogues</i> (review) | Frida Kerner Furman (https://openalex.org/A5078368031) | 1,998 | Book Reviews 167 who attempted to be a successful parvenu but remained an outsider in German I culture, as Jews have done the present day. Not only does Pilling discuss tho~oughly historical investigations, also political activism which characterized!Arendt's life during and after World War II. She elucidates Arendt's ambivalent, finally negative view of Zionism clarifies steps philosopher tried take help cause Israel country's early days. makes clear reasons why Arendt consciously relinquished any role influencing events, shows that she was interested supportive throughout her cateer. Although both books are excellent for audience each author intends, Iris Pilling's conscientious scholarly look at one central aspect thought ofHannah is mbst fulfills promise its title-to action Jewish womari philosopher. Erlis Glass Division Modern Foreign Cultures Literature Rosemont College Ritual Ethnic Identity: A CJmparative Study Social Meaning Liturgical RItual Synagogues, edited by Jack N. Lightstone Frederick B. Bird. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1995. 224 pp. $34.95. This collection ofempirical studi~s several congregations contemporary Canada. As book's subtitle suggests, emphasis on social meaning synagogue ritual. Contributors this book use perspective grounded most directly work Emile Durkheim M~ry Douglas, whom ritual reveals important dimensions group's identity reality-or "social map," nomenclature employed work:. The divided into three parts: Part theoretical, 2 consists case st4dies ritual, 3 examines rituals connect family with religious community. lays groundwork far method theory concerned, chapter devoted broad discussioniof Canadian identity. Introduction links aspects symbolism congregants' maps. Such linKs not fully established some empirical studies ofPart 2. Bird writes rich evocative theoretical a,.guing principally form communicative action, serving multiple functions, among them self-representation, expressivity, 168 SHOFAR Spring 1998 Vol. 16, No.3 teaching beliefs moral codes. follow would been deepened more direct application Bird's analytic categories. based qualitative field research conducted contributors, consisting largely participant observation Sabbath services interviews clergy members five different congregations: Reconstructionist, Reform, traditional Conservative, Sephardi (modem Orthodox), independent Orthodox shtibl. chapters section description, allowing reader enter experience synagogue; other hand, very richness detail might seem tedious unfamiliar ins outs liturgy. Madeleine Mcbrearty's study congregation especially interesting description analysis complex ethnic identities expressed synagogue's life. In regard comparative aims, authors' efforts almost inevitably mean situating congregational under consideration relationship rabbinic Judaism, hence, Orthodoxy. There much discussion how non-Orthodox compare another. ofthree dealing types ofritual. large suburban site two additional Simcha Fishbane: bar mitzvah mourning rites. Fishbane argues serves collective needs, well made reference rituals. last chapter, Bird, Christian rituals, many private creations, some... | review | en | Judaism|Meaning (existential)|Zionism|Politics|Ambivalence|Religious studies|Sociology|German|Identity (music)|Jewish identity|Ethnic group|Classics|Gender studies|History|Law|Anthropology|Theology|Philosophy|Aesthetics|Psychoanalysis|Political science|Epistemology|Psychology|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0018 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2047988391', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0018', 'mag': '2047988391'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Ritual and Symbol in Peacebuilding</i> (review) | Janine Minkler (https://openalex.org/A5012604996) | 2,007 | Book Review Lisa Schirch. Ritual and Symbol in Peacebuilding. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2005. Pp. 224, paper. $25.95 US. Reviewed by Janine Minkler, Department of Sociology Social Work, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff A dancer stands before the Nazi gas chambers; a moment poised defiance, she glides up to guard, seizes his gun, shoots him. Schirch opens Peacebuilding with this story, dramatically illustrating one her key points: through act ‘‘doing,’’ doing becomes reality. ‘‘The acts as if is alive powerful,’’ writes, ‘‘and dancing, powerful’’ (3). Traditional peacebuilding1 approaches tend deal issues directly, linearly, rationally and, ironically, reproduce adversarial space placing conflicting parties opposition each other across negotiating table. proposes that those working resolve conflict should instead consider facilitating ‘‘peacebuilding dramas’’—ritual symbolic engage senses, passions, emotions create ‘‘unique social space’’ includes cooperative images activities. Schirch, associate professor peacebuilding at Eastern Mennonite draws on work three different communities examine how rituals erode rigid structures. In First Nations peoples province Ontario, has observed power silence operates ways cannot be conveyed verbal communication, primary medium conventional resolution. The activities involved smudging ceremonies (purification during which varieties sage are burned drive our harmful influences) sacred distinguished from everyday struggles. also describes women’s spirituality groups use ritual resist oppressive patriarchal structures new possibilities opportunities for positive change. Through both improvised formalized rituals, seek perceptions experiences. Finally, documents observations among Turkish Greek Cypriots, who have been since 1974. group Cypriots was brought together first time 1990s training At an informal dinner, they had opportunity view more than their ethnic identities—as parents, teachers, victims war, men, women, so forth. ‘‘Eating dancing take meanings when done company enemies,’’ explains (5). Such critical creating peacebuilding. ‘‘In ritual,’’ writes ‘‘the impossible unlikely can come true people unique context where, only temporarily, symbols, sensory cues, expression emotion communicate what words alone cannot’’ (86). not limited examination symbols body knowledge. She sociologists such Émile Durkheim function externalize collective sentiments while concurrently drawing contemporary biology review Genocide Studies Prevention 2, 2 (August 2007): 195–198. ß 2007 Prevention. doi: 10.3138/gsp/008 alter consciousness reorganize cognitive systems. offers comprehensive justification peacebuilding, carefully analyzing transform space, worldviews, identities, relationships. Schirch’s extensive symbol important contribution literature mediation Many texts2 focus continued language address but overlook subtle ‘‘messy dimension conflict’’ (38) access. As explains, ‘‘Symbolic penetrate impenetrable, overwhelm defensive, convey complex messages without saying single word’’ (4). Rituals help make sense world, especially periods transition, old no longer adequately express sentiments. By engaging ultimately way we experience world. Furthermore, maintains ‘‘ritual does solve problems best solution, a... | review | en | Peacebuilding|Silence|Genocide|Sociology|Symbol (formal)|Power (physics)|Negotiation|Opposition (politics)|Media studies|Gender studies|Aesthetics|Politics|Law|Art|Political science|Social science|Linguistics|Philosophy|Political economy|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/gsp.2011.0092 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2089245030', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/gsp.2011.0092', 'mag': '2089245030'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Genocide Studies and Prevention |
<i>Ruling Pine Ridge: Oglala Lakota Politics from the IRA to Wounded Knee</i> (review) | Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (https://openalex.org/A5056661819) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Ruling Pine Ridge: Oglala Lakota Politics from the IRA to Wounded Knee Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (bio) by Akim D. Reinhardt. Texas Tech University Press, 2007 During past half century, reputation of (of Ridge Sioux Indian Reservation in what is now called South Dakota) self-rule has come under severe criticism, a fact which Reinhardt bears witness as non-Indigenous scholar whose work reflects ongoing opinions intellectual/academic class who have claimed interest subject affairs. introduced Dr. Clara Sue Kidwell, quotes Robert Thomas (a now-deceased Cherokee scholar) comparing [End Page 118] reservations colonized Native populations British Empire, that is, Bureau Affairs (BIA) colonial administrations “determined keep Reservations subordinate exploit their resources.” That reference, unfortunately, last reader will hear any decent and comprehensive analysis intentions perpetrators colonization concept imperial Western Nations since 1492. unfortunate, because tribes kept them poverty chaos for most twentieth century. Rather than take on colonization, then, crime against Oglalas if not humanity general, it seems be Reinhardt’s intention examine brief period 1968 1973 show “deep dissatisfaction” with government. Even this limited get bogged down when he cannot differentiate gossip fact. Many people interviews make distinction either. like write about “bickering.” For instance, April 2008, posted commentary an online forum, “Historians War,” takes “botched effort Iraq” suggesting Republicans Democrats can referred “Demublicans Repocrats” they are “two bickering sides same coin.” Here, too, offers lot opinion but no analysis. blames victims rule, rather itself, or its origins. The (and unconstitutional) power U.S. Congress “plenary” found index hardly mentioned text, nor there critical “doctrine discovery” at heart entire history. Part 1 text said development tribal council system 1930 1940. 2 examination evolution culminating “Occupation Knee.” sectioning historical perspective may major flaw book, uprising 1970s neither cause colonialism appropriate object blame. In his tell conflict how “meddlesome” Office (OIA) had move authority into Tribal Council (OSTC) during period, says “the honorable thing do would been fix it, throw out altogether” (114), thereby missing point understanding seat history was blamed—not victims. Neither understood why tragic such Richard Wilson forced positions where prisoners all while lambasting fellow tribesmen involved long guerrilla war. spite writers Franz Fanon Wretched Earth decades, still colonizers “fix” unconstitutional brought repression decades 119] scholars dissertations largely misguided, often mistaken, always irrelevant. Citing endless examples corruption shortcomings, writer holds Dick person responsible drama, though chairman only 1972 to... | review | en | Cherokee|Politics|Indigenous|Colonialism|Law|History|Sociology|Political science|Archaeology|Ecology|Biology | https://doi.org/10.1353/wic.0.0030 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2034222819', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/wic.0.0030', 'mag': '2034222819'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Wíčazo Ša Review |
<i>Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA</i> (review) | Albert I. Berger (https://openalex.org/A5048477543) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA Albert I. Berger CIA. By John Prados. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006. ISBN: 978-1-56663-574-5. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. xxxv, 696. $35.00. sub-title this comprehensive, densely packed book is something a misnomer, two reasons: First, Prados explicitly asserts that "the secret wars CIA" were not affairs agency alone. Instead, larger executive branch, including White House (if always President in person) instigated some them—and ratified and supported rest. In various ways, at different times, Congress went along (or least its leadership did); by middle Clinton administration, had developed an almost co-equal power to get involved. Second, title implies many wars; indeed United States conducted separate operations, all over world, between 1945 2001. These included genuinely covert political propaganda activities, coups d 'état, as Iran Guatemala, full-scale, if officially secret, irregular warfare Europe, Asia, Latin America. However, concept single war against global Communism central book's principal narrative, near-feudal bureaucratic "baronies" within CIA's Directorate Operations assessment management. sense, Democracy military history told largely through background operational records projects, perspectives men (all men) who equivalent senior generals, theatre commanders war. [End Page 1013] narrative focus, like it records, loses cohesiveness coherence years after collapse Soviet Union. Nevertheless, uses support thoughtful fair-minded argument one's objectives are "[enhance] evolution democratic tradition" (p. 648), using operations (political action well psychological/paramilitary warfare) counterproductive and, therefore, be avoided. "unengaged," but (with exception his treatment Nixon-Kissinger assault on Salvador Allende's Chile) he expresses outrage subjects with old-fashioned journalism editorial disappointment. No anti-Agency screed, even pays appropriate passing respects Henry Kissinger's observation (caught tape transcript, naturally enough) "covert should confused missionary work." Yet no indictment, thorough remorseless bill particulars, evidence memoirs, interviews, trove once-classified government documents, presented low-key tenor conveys credibility. does manage without cost. Democracy's great strengths—its comprehensiveness, density, command voluminous sources field nearly half century long—are main weaknesses well. This page-turner. cast characters glossary acronyms occasionally bewildering. Simply reporting entanglement internal workings creates maze text, Agency's place external environments shifting. Those follow continuing saga will find here usual stories—and suspects—along accounts Cold War post-Cold few have previously encountered, them detail. Still, Prados's work provides both good look into "operation" very disturbing window corridors where spooks statesmen meet. Developing throughout theme was "rogue elephant," carefully draws connections Agency management, Pentagon, State Department, House. As expected now, Eisenhower Kennedy emerge regular, knowing users account their administrations examine chronic problems come managing large enterprises supposed secret. Kennedy's efforts to... | review | en | Democracy|Politics|Law|Bureaucracy|Power (physics)|Political science|Sociology|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0330 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2095131845', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jmh.0.0330', 'mag': '2095131845'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | The Journal of Military History |
<i>Saudi Arabia Reforms</i>: The Changing Face of Saudi Women at Workplace with a Vision of 2030 | Almas Sabir (https://openalex.org/A5027241951) | 2,019 | Saudi Arabia edges more ladies into work. Organizations need drew in specialists. It's useful for the organization and individuals who work there. A environment that qualities representative commitment is others conscious working supports best every person. This article explored changed substance of commercial center its critical necessities Arabia. investigation will give a profound understanding spite way female alumni dwarf guys: 105,494 moved on from colleges year ago contrasted 98,210 men 2017. With Several various focuses mission 2030, one fundamental targets to elevate support compel 22% 30% throughout following 15 years while additionally lessening absolute joblessness 12.7% 7% by 2030 paper finishes up with musings about estimation 3 features vision potential viewpoints, particularly means online overviews. Review contains subset research based grapple addresses are intended quantify generally changes at dream 2030. | review | en | Viewpoints|Work (physics)|Face (sociological concept)|Dream|Estimation|Work environment|Public relations|Political science|Psychology|Sociology|Management|Engineering|Social science|Visual arts|Art|Economics|Mechanical engineering|Neuroscience | https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20190401.11 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2953528874', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20190401.11', 'mag': '2953528874'} | Saudi Arabia | C144024400 | Sociology | American journal of management science and engineering |
<i>Scientific Libraries: Past Development and Future Changes</i> (review) | Michael Dzanko (https://openalex.org/A5042512754) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Scientific Libraries: Past Development and Future Changes Michael Dzanko Changes. By Tomas Lidman. Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2008. xvi, 123 pp. £19.95. ISBN 978-184334-268-5. This book, or, as Lidman describes it in his preface, "this scientific essay" (ix), is most assuredly intended for the expert. slender volume part of Information Professional Series, no doubt reason its readability coverage practical topics interest to librarians other information professionals. And yet there far more this than a mere chronology libraries over last thirty forty years; fact, discussion both past developments future changes field might just easily be read memoir storied professional career Lidman, former national librarian Sweden current general director Swedish National Archives. For if, by own admission, text often "errs towards personal mirrors my values" only because Lidman's reliable analysis provides best means helping reader understand profound that have occurred within dynamic that, perhaps, are not so future. The book's structure set out easy reference, decade-by-decade numbered subheadings each five chapters clearly designed with mind. Perhaps surprising interesting feature study, given orderly nature, necessarily what explained but rather how question framed—for questions permeate even subheadings. In introduction author asks [End Page 389] one "see context wider perspective, tie up loose ends point toward important tendencies lines development changed influenced condition libraries" (3). though answers essential function, well-framed will impressive experts field. There palpable sense institutional anxiety running through first two chapters. Vigorous expansion higher education during 1960s caused modern seriously rethink manage their affairs. As internationally renowned library expert Bjîrn Tell relates entrance into world librarianship: "It felt if was confronted patricide ill-fitting suits. Levels tolerance were low wished window flung open world. incurred consequences wanted contemplate" (6–7). period 1970s described series false starts, punctuated inevitable tension between an autonomous body accustomed being "allowed master destinies without heeding needs surrounding users" society student unexpectedly "began evolve user group" (8). next chapter concerns itself 1980s, exploring transition from cards computers. Appropriately, begins put forth John Blagden still preoccupies scholars: "Do we really need libraries?" (17). while reply, he makes clear experiences survive, they must change time. Even shown been reluctant making longstanding book-oriented organizations customer-oriented ones. Indeed, when appointed 1995, despite library's technological advances, "entered organisation which had principle remained same since institutionalised 1878" (21). three take 1990s present future, continue past. Two recurring images narrative arc reinaugurated Alexandria, Egypt, new building housing Bibliothèque nationale de France, stand in... | review | en | Memoir|Publishing|Library science|Readability|History|Sociology|Art history|Political science|Law|Computer science|Programming language | https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.0.0087 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1605275594', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.0.0087', 'mag': '1605275594'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Libraries & The Cultural Record |
<i>Second-Generation Holocaust Literature: Legacies of Survival and Perpetration</i> (review) | Myriam Fleischer (https://openalex.org/A5002615547) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Second-Generation Holocaust Literature: Legacies of Survival and Perpetration Myriam Fleischer Erin McGlothlin. Perpetration. Rochester: Camden House, 2006. 272 pp. US$ 75 (Hardcover). ISBN 1-57113-352-6. This volume discusses the literary legacy writers marked by Holocaust, explicitly focussing on works that access this experience from perspective both survivors perpetrators. Broadening common definition second-generation literature, which refers to texts written children Jewish who write same point view, McGlothlin also includes so far have been identified as Väterliteratur. In an extensive insightful introduction author provides a discussion important concepts research contributions inform larger context literature. She argues although each group deals with experiences most different in nature, their attitudes towards parents’ first generation’s past are similar. Both groups event they not experienced themselves but continuously invades present lives. The trope marking figure stigmatization is thus “operative” it expresses particular position unlived past. Interestingly, these literature only takes hold struggling “second-generation body” thematic level narratives. It understood be inscribed onto body text itself into its narrative structure, where “narrative crisis” parallelling “crisis signification” conventions “transgressed or radically reshaped” (12). As result, organization functions site at reader can trace writers’ fractured condition signification caused traumatic yet inaccessible event. study contains perceptive analyses nine one theatre adaptation published between 1987 2003. Its two main parts correspond respective legacies: Part I, consisting four chapters, five deal range relating survival; part II, three non-Jewish (where writer has adapted his play) more specifically perpetration role postwar German family. especially terms national backgrounds authors (German, Austrian, American, French, Israeli) genres represent. reason for author’s attempt basis because outstandingly various interesting ways address problems second dealing Holocaust. certainly achieved her goal providing “mosaic-like image” (37) manifold becomes theme generation. McGlothlin’s analysis Thane Rosenbaum’s collection short stories Elijah Visible rupture identity while Art Spiegelman’s comic novel Maus discussed displays impossibility keeping invading present. chapter Robert Schindel’s Gebürtig, focusses problematic witness, Patrick Modiano’s novella Dora Bruder Katja Behrens’s story “Arthur Mayer, Silence,” directed creation “postmemorial lexica atlases” attempt, though unsuccessfully, recover lives people whose memory eradicated [End Page 92] interprets failure narrator Peter Schneider’s Vati come father’s text’s deconstruction own project Vergangenheitsbewältigung. Niklas Frank’s Der Vater, focus lies mother within Väterliteratur performs the... | review | en | The Holocaust|Context (archaeology)|Narrative|First generation|Literature|History|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Psychology|Art|Law|Political science|Population|Demography|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/smr.0.0060 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2011506309', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/smr.0.0060', 'mag': '2011506309'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Seminar-a Journal of Germanic Studies |
<i>Seen and Heard: The Women of Television News</i> (review) | Bonnie J. Dow (https://openalex.org/A5041419422) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Seen and Heard: The Women of Television News Bonnie J. Dow News. By Nicola D. Gutgold. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008; pp. vii + 223. $70.00 cloth, $ 27.95 paper. Gutgold describes the purpose as follows: "This book will examine careers communication styles women who have made significant contributions in dramatically changing world television news, thus improving opportunities for broadcasting arguably other areas that were once reserved only men" (25). This sentence is symptomatic both breathless tone characterizes much well its unmet need copyediting. grammar leaves impression itself improve women, yet one assumes what meant to say was examines "women news improved broadcasting." Yet perhaps original not, fact, error. Gutgold's profiles journalists Barbara Walters, Connie Chung, Elizabeth Vargas, Christiane Amanpour, Dana Bash, Candy Crowley, Andrea Mitchell, Judy Woodruff, Diane Sawyer, Leslie Stahl, Paula Zahn, Katie Couric read a bit like biographies Great written young adults. book's greatest use may be inspire teenage girls they, too, can make it top (at least when symbolized by an anchor's chair) man's if they are willing start at bottom, stare down sexism, work harder than boys. In her chapter treating instance, calls Walters's career "a prophetic playbook any woman or man considering broadcasting" (32). To fair, some stories these accomplished indeed inspiring; Walters has suffered more insults, difficult jobs, personal tragedies person deserves flourished nonetheless. reading about Heard served remind me how I liked recent well-written autobiography, Audition (New York: Knopf, 2008). on Amanpour far strongest most interesting, largely because packs with substantive descriptions important international CNN reporter covered [End Page 665] past 20 years. half Iranian, family fled Tehran after Shah deposed. Her nuanced deeply informed reporting Middle East, particular, enabled build tremendous influence. includes generous amount material Amanpour's own voice chapter, belies refreshing self-awareness role "the events" (103). Although unusual depth, it, others, cobbled together from various secondary sources. Only two profiles—on whom interviewed, emailed Gutgold—feature previously unpublished information subjects themselves. chapters also uneven their detail (Connie Chung gets 15 pages, Sawyer less that), foci (some address lives, others solely professional identities), evaluative tone. For example, judges harshly missteps interviews, concluding (with no supporting evidence) "more aggressive style . turned off many viewers, thought she rude guests, even arrogant" (79). previous applauds development intimate interviewing style, based reciprocal self-disclosure, which makes so successful asking probing questions during celebrity interviews. It seems counter announced feminist stance critique subject clearly coded masculine praise another's stereotypically feminine approach. also, inexplicably, Woodruff possessing "lady-like Southern charm" (140), notes Mitchell "petite" (131), Zahn "statuesque... | review | en | Sentence|Media studies|Broadcasting (networking)|Tone (literature)|History|Sociology|Art|Law|Political science|Literature|Philosophy|Linguistics|Computer network|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/rap.0.0122 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2041144718', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/rap.0.0122', 'mag': '2041144718'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Rhetoric and public affairs |
<i>Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History</i> (review) | Julia R. Lieberman (https://openalex.org/A5063304512) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History Julia R. Lieberman History, by Aviva Ben-Ur. New York: York University Press, 2009. 319 pp. $37.00. This book studies three Jewish groups the United States: Eastern Sephardim, Mizrahim, and Romaniotes who spoke Ladino, Arabic, Greek respectively. Covering time of their arrival late nineteenth century through to first half twentieth century, its primary sources include Ladino press numerous oral interviews conducted author, as well archival documentation. Thematically organized into six chapters, focuses on interactions between these immigrants dominant Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazic Jews, long-established Western non-Jewish Hispanic minority York. While encounters with some were characterized a sense paternalism, more often than not faced harsh rejection since they recognized Ashkenazim. Additionally, this critiques historians experience states for excluding Sephardi-Mizrahi-Romaniote from research. exclusion leads author emphasize that "the acknowledged portrait American history [End Page 208] society remains incomplete without integration non-Ashkenazi Jews" (p. 8) Chapter One, "Immigration, Ethnicity, Identity," examines challenges arriving States. Since did speak Yiddish, language commonly associated identified immigration officers receive help coreligionists Many detained at Ellis Island appalling conditions until chanced upon them. most sought economic betterment, lacked formal education vocational skills. Although precise statistical information is lacking, 1924 numbers reached about fifty sixty thousand. The majority settled York, where clustered neighborhoods others natal city. Nevertheless, soon underwent process "ethnicization" overarching identities, both ascribed self-designated, used identify them Sephardic, Oriental, Levantine. Two, "Hebrew Accent," discusses revival Hebrew modern 1880s. was adopted States Ashkenazim considered it authentic own Hebrew. Ironically, Sephardim Mizrahim had almost no influence change decision based other factors. Considering chapter Hebrew, adds little feels slightly disconnected rest book. Three, "East Meets West," documents encounter newly arrived near-assimilated seventeenth century. "Old Sephardim" welcomed new Levantine helping moral responsibility, but attitude came across condescending. regarded an archaic form Spanish, so offered free classes Modern Spanish. also members Shearith Israel Congregation have full rights. Communal unity finally attained around 1930s Union Congregations publication Book Prayers, which survives today legacy marking convergence two liturgical traditions. Four, "Ashkenazic-Sephardic Encounters," attempts acquiring recognition. Their unfamiliar physical appearance, distinct social customs, foreign Mediterranean languages led Ashkenazic-Yiddish speaking deny Jewishness, something called "coethnic recognition failure." When soliciting jobs 209] seeking boarding establishments, seen Turks or Arabs discrimination. prevented intramarrying up generations. Another discrimination necessarily Jewishness "corporate exclusion," situation organizations gave priority Jews. For instance, case Oriental bureau, immigrant aid society, lack funding forced agency repeatedly shut... | review | en | Judaism|Immigration|History|Jewish history|Portrait|Ethnic group|Classics|Yiddish|Jewish identity|Religious studies|Genealogy|Jewish studies|Sociology|Anthropology|Art history|Philosophy|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0129 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2082568563', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0129', 'mag': '2082568563'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Sharīʿa</i> and Custom in Libyan Tribal Society | Aharon Layish (https://openalex.org/A5064259422) | 2,005 | This volume presents annotated English translations of 72 court decisions handed down by the Sharīʿa Courts Adjābiya and Kufra roughly during period 1930-1970; original texts (facsimiles edited documents) appeared in A.Layish, Legal Documents on Libyan Tribal Society Process Sedentarization (Wiesbaden, 1998). The documents address personal status, succession, homicide bodily injury, property, obligation, attest to interaction between sharīʿa representing normative Islam, tribal customary law, social reality Cyrenaica aforementioned period. They also exemplify qadi's role bringing a Bedouin society within orbit Islam. A.Borg's essay Orality, Languages, Culture Arabic Juridical Discourse addresses cultural aspects orality language these documents. study is intended for Orientalists, Islamologists, legal historians, scientists, lawyers interested Islamic comparative law. | book | en | Orality|Islam|Normative|Obligation|Law|Period (music)|Sharia|Legal culture|Political science|History|Sociology|Literature|Art|Aesthetics|Archaeology|Literacy | https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047406266 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4249575939', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047406266'} | Libya | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Shi'i Jurisprudence and Constitution</i> (review) | Vanessa Martín (https://openalex.org/A5005776107) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Shi'i Jurisprudence and Constitution Vanessa Martin by Amirhassan Boozari, 2011. (Palgrave series in Islamic Theology, Law, History.) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, xii + 252 pp., £58. ISBN: 9780230110731 (hbk). [JE] This work approaches the subject of constitution, particular Iranian 1906 Supplementary Fundamental Law 1907, through perspective legal tradition. More precisely, it argues that any treatment this should be based on an inter-tradition, analytical, jurisprudential approach, exemplified usuli rationalism. Boozari seeks to illuminate constitutional thought reference juristic foundations its ideas as fatwas, treatises, texts, using their inherent theories terms. In particular, he addresses role popular sovereignty within thought. course discussion, weighs rights people against both powers ruler, need for conformity with shariah. He remarks Muslim society, religion is most important element culture, religion, law has had a crucial providing system norms regulate relations between individuals. revolution was partially result long-standing debate over legitimacy, theory just sultanate, doctrine imamah (leadership), whereby only Imam can seen rightful ruler. created constitutionalist 'ulama 1905-11 problem since legitimate ruler could twelfth imam, what status accorded regime sovereignty? How become reliable basis regulation relationship people? Leading jurists, especially Akhund Khurasani, whose support played significant part victory constitutionalism, not have done so without there being engagement [End Page 340] jurisprudence. The key question, however, explain how jurisprudence endorsed context literature who ruled absence infallible Imam. developed authority limited guardianship general deputies (vilayat-i faqih), which used sense endorsing people. Thus new principle sultanate right rebel oppressive Indeed, Khurasani even said rebellion mandatory, precedents from time Prophet 'Ali. However, potential source conflict such shariah concept constitutionalism version derived West equality. To 'ulama, equality meant powerful weak, rich poor before law. Another view they took that, because inclusive consultative nature every citizen control government political system, therefore treated equally way effect avoided all regardless point raised secularists at time, issue does sufficiently address. One significance raise question jumhur-i Muslimin, community or public Muslims. his argument restitution Muslims' reserved rights, argued 'the rule belongs Muslimin'. Since term occurs consequences usurpation oppressors Imam's absence, appear, least discussion here, received further elaboration. Nevertheless, would appear reflect apparently innovative introduction opinion influence into discourse prohibition oppression, thus rules Imam... | review | en | Constitution|Constitutionalism|Jurisprudence|Law|Political science|Subject (documents)|Ruler|Popular sovereignty|Constitutional theory|Legitimacy|Fiqh|Islam|Philosophy|Sovereignty|Sociology|Sharia|Democracy|Theology|Politics|Physics|Quantum mechanics|Library science|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2012.0036 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969623634', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/isl.2012.0036', 'mag': '1969623634'} | Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies |
<i>So Much Wasted: Hunger, Performance, and the Morbidity of Resistance</i> (review) | Sarah Egan (https://openalex.org/A5086364011) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: So Much Wasted: Hunger, Performance, and the Morbidity of Resistance Sarah Egan Patrick Anderson, Resistance. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010. 208 pp. In Wasted, Anderson turns performative lens on practitioners self-starvation as they remake subjectivities using similar acts different stages. From case studies anorectics “starving girls” late 19th century, through performance artists 1970s 1980s, contemporary hunger strikers in Turkish prisons at Guantanamo Bay, demonstrates convincingly that refusal to eat is a productive act, one which he claims has potential subjectivity actor circumscribe power state. Part what makes this book so compelling ability choose not almost universally accessible (in afterword addresses Terry Schiavo who was unable whether continue receiving sustenance or not). Choosing potentially radically subversive act any us could perform. Yet we do usually everyday not—for most us, may but choice unmarked. This for whom real urgent. The first substantive chapter Anderson’s deals with calls “the archive anorexia.” He explores history “disease,” feminist concerns, more recent attention anorexia men boys. Of his cases, probably familiar general audience—both because its representation popular culture prevalence. reading texts about strongly influenced by Foucauldian notions subject sees “emblematic subjectivation” (36), claiming “anorexia derives, concentrates, facilitates clinical cultural performance” (38). it is: a) durational—the must be [End Page 293] continuously reproduced, b) stages effects ideological normativity human body, c) mediated representational forms—clinical medical records, well journalistic accounts pop artifacts, d) defined specularity—the body gaze anorectic self others. disrupts commodity culture, both consume make women (men are important account) less capable reproducing subjects. Ultimately, anorexic bodies “simply stop performing” (51). does mean entirely destructive—it also, account, “becoming.” second “Enduring Performance” introduces Dr. Henry Tanner, 1880 staged widely publicized 40 day fast order demonstrate restorative properties abstaining from food. compares Chris Burden’s “endurance performances” century later. Both required active audience participants witnesses their emaciation. Tanner’s an empirical experiential intervention debates between conventional homeopathic medicine. witnessing emaciation, spectacle words “revealed these functions—seeing being seen, consuming consumed—to profoundly interwoven” (73). work involving fasting while still graduate student. Though apparently expected Five Day Locker Piece exercise isolation (he lived campus locker five days nights), people were compelled come watch performance, inputs outtakes measured, much had been. some later works, artist fasts, complicit starvation ethical dilemmas—to intervene simply observe—trouble spectators curators alike. third continues examination art. Adrian Piper’s Food Spirit she undertook juice water two months, practicing yoga Kant... | review | en | Resistance (ecology)|Sustenance|Power (physics)|State (computer science)|Performative utterance|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Aesthetics|Gender studies|Media studies|History|Political science|Law|Art|Psychology|Biology|Ecology|Physics|Algorithm|Quantum mechanics|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2012.0011 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2020339928', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2012.0011', 'mag': '2020339928'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Anthropological Quarterly |
<i>Sociology Confronts the Holocaust: Memories and Identities in Jewish Diasporas</i> (review) | Ronald J. Berger (https://openalex.org/A5026411044) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: Sociology Confronts the Holocaust: Memories and Identities in Jewish Diasporas Ronald J. Berger Diasporas, edited by Judith M. Gerson Diane L. Wolf. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007. 407 pp. $24.95. Holocaust studies is a vibrant area of interdisciplinary scholarly inquiry social sciences humanities. Relative to other disciplines, however, sociology has been underrepresented this field, leading some observers speculate that might even have “Jewish problem.” In recent essay, Burton Halpert laments when he undertook graduate work 1968, had no idea be an appropriate subject study for someone pursuing career sociology. Two decades later, Zygmunt Bauman noted sociologists’ continued neglect failure appreciate as relevant central concerns discipline. Since time, many (though mostly Jewish) sociologists heeded Bauman’s call engagement with Holocaust. Wolf ’s [End Page 151] anthology, significant contribution effort. book grew out international conference held at Rutgers 2001 includes original contributions scholars field. Contained within are interesting empirical neglected topics well incisive theoretical analysis sociological issues. The editors argue comparative approach aimed developing generalizations apply phenomena should guide research on As writes chapter she contributed memoirs, “Continued assumptions uniqueness only offer place outside full perpetuate priori conclusions about distinctiveness” (p. 131). Thus seek avoid ghettoization “Holocaust onto itself ” 6) instead link scholarship broader disciplinary ethnicity immigration, diasporas transnationalism, collective memory identity. Among noteworthy children who were hidden Belgian convents during war, Warsaw ghetto uprising, wartime postwar experiences survivors, German cattle dealers settled rural New York, dilemmas Soviet refugees Israel United States, “diaspora business” utilizes tourism inculcate identity pro-Israel sentiments, exchanges among intellectuals over question guilt. From these we gain greater appreciation complexity experience—of not construction but heterogeneous phenomenon, Jews mistreat or hold negative attitudes toward Jews, conflict between States center culture identity, cultural boundaries construct varying accounts victims, perpetrators, bystanders Much deals process which past (re)interpreted terms ongoing interests what Marianne Hirsch calls post-memory, is, characterized “generational distance” lacks “deep personal connection” historical event. point most us experience “filtered through variety sources including records documents, memoirs narratives destruction written complied bystanders, contemporary research, textual accounts, artistic portrayals Holocaust” 6). This memory, Daniel Levy Natan Sznaider observe their 152] book, reflects complex mix local national memories led emergence nation-transcending cosmopolitan now constitute “a moral touchstone good evil . standard reference wide range injustices” 275). second-to-last essay Martin Oppenheimer astutely observes bulk focused issues very “real” story Nazism... | review | en | The Holocaust|Sociology|Judaism|Jewish studies|Jewish identity|Media studies|Social science|Psychoanalysis|Law|Theology|Philosophy|Psychology|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0275 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1984898792', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0275', 'mag': '1984898792'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Southern Strategies Southern Women and the Woman Suffrage Question</i> (review) | Pamela Tyler (https://openalex.org/A5069384450) | 1,999 | Koinonia has long deserved a careful scholarly study, and KMeyer answered diat need. Her study sheds Hght on the role of those whites in civU rights struggle who, unHke many timid soudiern white Hberals who supported gradual race reform, envisioned profound immediate transformation. book also is valuable contribution to scholarship intentional communities . FinaUy, Interracialism Christian Community PostwarSouth inspires degree hope about possibiUties for social redemption United States. The response Koinonia's neighbors community teaches skepticism cultural resources that can be marshaled radical chaUenges die South. Yet much story encourages certainty visionaries Hke Jordan, even face violence faüure, wül try wrest new truths from their own heritage wiU courageously take up chaUenge ofbuUding an earthly paradise. Southern Strategies Women Woman Suffrage Question By Elna C. Green University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1997 287 pp. Cloth, $45.00; paper, $16.95 Reviewed by Pamela Tyler, associate professor ofhistory at North State University. Professor Tyler courses U.S. women's history audior oíSilk Stockings andBallot Boxes: Politics New Orleans, 1920-1963. She currendy researching Eleanor Roosevelt Professors teach "the American survey," introductory course designed cover broad segments nation's past noting general themes trends, frequendy end dieir remarks saying "except, course, South." This weU-known phenomenon southern exceptionaHsm means every significant development national level (progressivism, popuHsm, Deal, example) provides fertile ground its manifestation. Nowhere this truer than ofwomen's experience. A quarter century ago, when historians began probe rich veins buried treasure constitute history, attention initiaUy centered women urban Northeast, providing us Catharine Beecher's career, Salem witchcraft episodes, work early 78 Reviews England mills, participation abolition movement, ofa distinctive culture, mention few pioneering topics. woman suffrage movement came analysis as well. But ably demonstrates her splendid book, Strategies, culture politics stamped South rendered it different ways movement. impulse late because reform movements developed late. describes detail how generation critical mass ofindustrial problems spurred progressivism led enlistment participants effort tame civilize industrial capitalism attendant evils. From lobbying legislature trying influence husbands fathers enact reforms, shifted demand ballot themselves. catalysts suffragism among women, sees them, were higher education (at bona fide colleges opposed more conservative female academies or seminaries), experience with paid work, voluntary associations progressive Because experienced these phenomena later northern sisters, bloomed Dixie. Obviously, failed attract all does masterful job explaining pivotal played antisuffragism. reject was not male conspiracy foisted unwilling women. Here impressive depth Green's research becomes apparent. consulted archival sources most states, enabling compile biographical data 800 suffragists antisuffragists, comparative prosopography importance planter tradition Not only there strong ties between class antisuffragism; associated manufacturing commençai elites likely oppose suffrage. In choosing identity over gender solidarity, antisuffrage registered fear, shared men... | review | en | Politics|Suffrage|Skepticism|Gender studies|Scholarship|White (mutation)|Religious studies|History|State (computer science)|Sociology|Political science|Law|Theology|Philosophy|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Algorithm|Computer science|Gene | https://doi.org/10.1353/scu.1999.0076 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2163524386', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/scu.1999.0076', 'mag': '2163524386'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Southern Cultures |
<i>Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain’s Covert Empire in the Middle East</i> (review) | Michael Silvestri (https://openalex.org/A5082719997) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain’s Covert Empire Middle East Michael Silvestri East. By Priya Satia. (Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 2008). Evaluating abilities those engaged espionage, Satia observes at outset Arabia, is a subject that perhaps best left to intelligence experts. cultural assumptions guiding actions spies, however, can indeed should be for historians. In her wide-ranging, impressively researched forcefully argued book, demonstrates how preconceptions regarding Arabia shaped agents officials British from turn century beginning Second World War. Her analysis provides compelling explanation shift “gentlemanly” amateurish efforts region prior First institution brutal postwar air control regime Iraq, debates which this engendered age mass democracy Britain. Although historians have analyzed interwar regimes instituted Africa Asia, relates deployment power broader currents particular about Arabia. use did not depend solely on economic or strategic reasons; rather, it was grounded landscape its inhabitants. developed “an intuitive epistemology modeled their understanding ‘Arab mind,’” an outlook valued intuition above empiricism (5). early twentieth century, had become part Game, “offered update traditional image solitary officer managing vast area by sheer force personality,” major reason appeal T.E. Lawrence (179). offers important revision Edward Said, reveals operation more subtle complex Orientalism than “saga unremitting, European ‘othering’ Orient.” notes, instance, Edwardian constructions as ancient biblical homeland offered sort homecoming agents. most obvious implications were “not only empowered dominate ‘Orient,’ but provided them with excuse unscrupulous behavior doing so” (141). Indeed, very nature project Experts “their ability see, like Arabs, beyond surface deceptions buried, deeper truth, discern real unreal, mirage, lie” (123). During War, individual heroism such “Lawrence Arabia” stood out sharply contrast anonymous slaughter trenches Western Front. This also first time, argues, “the freely admitted, without recourse euphemism, they intriguing scruples, so because place operated ready dishonorable certainly ungentlemanly behavior” After took center stage official mind nexus Communist, Islamist anti-colonial activity. Bolshevism Islam both conceptualized secret societies grand scale, fears arose elaborate “Moscow-Berlin-Irish-Egyptian-Persian-Indian conspiracy” (221). reflected realities nationalist contacts, fact working relished opportunity steep themselves extraordinary fictions romantic scenarios, face theory, if practice, situations faced spies lore” helped give rise Iraq. According Satia, constituted “mechanical apotheosis” imperial ideal networks maintaining political over volatile (243). Aerial bombing civilians... | review | en | Empire|Covert|Middle East|Subject (documents)|Power (physics)|Espionage|Democracy|History|Economic history|Political science|Law|Sociology|Ancient history|Politics|Philosophy|Linguistics|Quantum mechanics|Library science|Computer science|Physics | https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.0.0062 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2018403238', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cch.0.0062', 'mag': '2018403238'} | Egypt|Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History |
<i>Standing on Ceremony: The Gay Marriage Plays</i> (review) | Jason Fitzgerald (https://openalex.org/A5067569501) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Standing on Ceremony: The Gay Marriage Plays Jason Fitzgerald Plays. Readings of plays by various authors. New York Theatre Workshop, Angel Orensanz Center, City. 14 June 2010. No activist movement arises from a rational, naturally occurring consensus; instead, movements mask contradictory emotions within the social groups they represent, channeling some political feelings while restraining others, as organizers determine what is politically possible and desirable for their constituents. Sometimes, usually in private counter-public spaces, with no place movement's narrative are spontaneously given voice, mechanics compromise participation become visible. Last June, Ceremony, one-night-only theatrical event fundraiser support same-sex marriage, provided cross-section varied, often conflicting attitudes toward gay marriage among contemporary American queers. What emerged was an instructive picture ambivalence compromise. centerpiece evening series staged readings thirteen short plays, each commissioned event. Performed former synagogue, performers (including Matthew Broderick, B. D. Wong, Lola Pashalinksi, Debra Monk) stood, somewhat ironically, where couple might stand at wedding. While fundamentally committed to equality, several included critical perspective its consequences queer life, particularly preservation Michael Warner has called "queer ethos," marked alternative sexual practices. Indeed, two first presented couples squirming transformation. "When men move together, stop having sex," protested male Constance Congdon's Something Blue; "maybe it's fear … that we'll lose something." Similarly, Holly Hughes, Megan Carney, Moe Angelos's Let Them Eat Cake, militant, unnamed Femme cried her Butch: "Everything I've done my life been against this moment." Nonetheless, both participated inevitability made popular proponents. Blue put wedding tuxedos. Butch Femme, who played scene aisle, sat spectators rest evening. These complementary plot structures illustrated how "resolved" push equality. left behind—in back room function hall, aisle theatre—was pride legacy liberation. Discussions sex were notably absent more celebratory plays. soon-to-be-married grooms Jordan Harrison's Revision adjusted vows reflect reality disenfranchised married couples: "Do you promise, eyes God ever-shifting whims state federal constitutional law …" Their sense injustice fermentable, framing struggle render vow efficacious. Kira Obolensky's Brave Words, which wordsmith tried convince colleagues make dictionary's definition gender-neutral, bracketed issue romantic politics altogether. When she argued that, "polyamory got in" earlier edition, rebuffed: "That's love, though. Not marriage." Behind discourse stood tangible need personal affirmation. Both play Marcus Gardley's One March Rome, [End Page 120] pair black civil rights veterans argue over controversial lineage struggle, love between affirmed endorsement marriage. moments, represented quiet barely acknowledged asides, may be read either "real" argument or inscription act marriage's confines—indeed, these not incompatible. Click larger view View full resolution Christopher Sieber, Reverend Canon Thomas P. Miller, S.T.M. Cathedral Church Saint John Divine, Wilson Jermaine Heredia Pablo Andrew Altar along other cast members (Photo: Gabrielle Sierra, courtesy Broadwayworld.com.) Complementing expressions issue... | review | en | Compromise|Queer|Ceremony|Politics|Gender studies|Ethos|Lesbian|Aesthetics|Sociology|Ambivalence|Narrative|History|Art|Psychology|Political science|Psychoanalysis|Law|Literature|Social science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/tj.2011.0022 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2070466024', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tj.2011.0022', 'mag': '2070466024'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Theatre Journal |
<i>Stars in the Shadows: The Negro League All-Star Game of 1934</i> (review) | Elizabeth Bush (https://openalex.org/A5038163975) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Stars in the Shadows: The Negro League All-Star Game of 1934 Elizabeth Bush Smith, Charles R., Jr. 1934; illus. by Frank Morrison. Atheneum, 2012. [112p]. ISBN 978-0-689-86638-8 $14.99 from galleys R Gr. 4-7. Shut out segregated Major all-star competitions, launched its own high-profile game 1933 and featured a people's-choice lineup players, with voting coordinated major black newspapers such as Chicago Defender. Smith recreates entire rhymed verse, fictional Lester Roberts WNLB calling plays providing color commentary, Morrison supplying spirited, lovingly exaggerated charcoal illustrations action that radio listeners could only conjure their imaginations. keeps patter flowing allegro non troppo through all nine tense innings, lacing plenty humor ("The first inning, folks, is now books/ Slim [Jones] brought heat Turkey [Stearnes] got cooked"). Commercial breaks advertise African-American businesses on Chicago's South Side, shaded sidebars eavesdrop fans stands extolling virtues favorite players: "Is same Josh Gibson everybody calls Brown Bambino? . [I]t sounds to me like they should call Babe Ruth 'the white Gibson.'" Read aloud top eighth for booktalk hook, kids who relive Cool Papa Bell's mad dash home day's single run won't want be anywhere else but Comiskey Park August 26, 1934. Copyright © 2012 Board Trustees University Illinois | review | en | League|Action (physics)|White (mutation)|Newspaper|Art|Art history|Star (game theory)|History|Media studies|Visual arts|Sociology|Astronomy|Gene|Mathematical analysis|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Physics|Mathematics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2012.0134 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4245266391', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2012.0134'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books |
<i>Strictly Kosher Reading: Popular Literature and the Condition of Contemporary Orthodoxy</i> by Yoel Finkelman (review) | Shifra Epstein (https://openalex.org/A5052549614) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Strictly Kosher Reading: Popular Literature and the Condition of Contemporary Orthodoxy by Yoel Finkelman Shifra Epstein (bio) Orthodoxy. By Finkelman. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2011. 255 pp. Design: Teens 20-Somethings: Cooking for Next Generation (2010) is a cookbook written an Orthodox woman, Susie Fishbein. The book has attractive glossy cover set on kitchen table amid scattered vegetables. salesman at Eichlers's Judaica in Borough Park, Brooklyn, where I came across book, told me that was bestseller as favorite Hanukah present among ultra-Orthodox Jews. This belongs to hybrid literary genre non-religious books, including fiction non-fiction, self-help theology, newspapers magazines, well children's literature. These have all entered everyday life Jews are focus Finkelman's book. who subjects Reading known Hebrew Haredim, those "tremble before God." Of two major groups Haredim United States, Hasidim non-Hasidim, focuses non-Hasidic population. considered fastest-growing Jewish community their patterns consumption affect industries like publishing. However, center belong religiously socially diverse communities, [End Page 191] more extreme interpretation law opposition modernity open modernity. Unfortunately, generally describes monolithic group does not always share with reader which communities target specific issues he raises. Throughout different chapters shows although many American consider themselves traditionalist anti-modern, they no problem adapting secular genres mobilizing them service community. literature, whether or once approved eliminating anti-Haredi themes becomes vehicle negotiating borders between outside world while maintaining traditional way life. important study interested Jews, literature religion. Still, this reviewer surprised Finkelmam omitted Haredi news media print online, includes daily newspaper Yated Neeman ("Loyal Stake"), weekly magazines Mishpacha ("Family") Ami ("My Nation"), monthly women's publication Binah ("Wisdom"). Importing business plans, format content from Western media, built own empire professionally run well-designed periodicals attract consumers used read non-Haredi publications. In addition, websites devoted flourishing, attracting readers providing individuals safe outlet express opinions about religious leadership other allowed published newspapers. also puzzled scant attention interest growing popularity cookbooks especially women, celebrity status women writers achieved. devotes only four paragraphs authors (20-21, 67-68). Equally disappointing omission comic strips comics books. recent years both taken over popular children. During my visit Eichler's Judaica, observed several children perusing saw books bought presents Hanukah. Imported Israel, been years, additional new created States strict committees authorities. They acceptable long heroes great rabbis folk qualities such cruelty violence out. "Kashering" just another illustration analysis how draw upon [End... | review | en | Orthodoxy|Judaism|Reading (process)|Hebrew|History|Newspaper|Population|Religious studies|Sociology|Literature|Classics|Media studies|Art|Law|Philosophy|Political science|Demography|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2013.0007 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2023719672', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2013.0007', 'mag': '2023719672'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | American Jewish History |
<i>Tales of Crossed Destinies: The Modern Turkish Novel in a Comparative Context</i> (review) | İpek Kismet (https://openalex.org/A5069628751) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Tales of Crossed Destinies: The Modern Turkish Novel in a Comparative Context İpek Kismet (bio) Context. By Azade Seyhan. New York: Language Association America, 2008. 249 pp. Paper $22.00. Destinies makes an invaluable contribution to the nascent critical corpus on modern literature. Seyhan's work establishes itself as first cogent study English that offers analysis novel tandem with social and political histories nation. Drawing theories genre developed by such theorists writers Georg Lukács, Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Bakhtin, Milan Kundera, Friedrich Schlegel, Pierre Bourdieu, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar among others, author goes [End Page 226] beyond what she calls "the convenient binaries periodizations" have been utilized critically engage literature (8). Seyhan compelling analyses seventeen works ranging from prerepublican novels contemporary ones, writes against tropes "belatedness" "imitation" are often used characterize novel. Above all, is penetrating testament Tanpinar's claim "in people making transition one civilization another there always something exemplary interesting for other nations" (17). One strongest aspects array texts it examines. To certain extent this selection dictated availability translation. It highly commendable has selected quite few which little, if any, scholarly English. English-speaking readers will chance get acquainted authors like Bilge Karasu, great allegorist whose compared Orwell, Saramago; Adalet Ağaoğlu, who weaves history personal destiny her poetic finesse; Mahmut Makal, best representatives "village literature" Turkey; Aziz Nesin, claimed most critics be Turkey's finest philosophical satirist; Latife Tekin, amalgamates magic realism "extraordinary world words" puts it; postmodernist Aslı Erdoğan (172). On end spectrum we find Tanpinar, Yaşar Kemal, Orhan Pamuk enjoyed wider recognition seen greater number publications their oeuvre but at same time suffered overinterpretation. All five chapters following introductory chapter establish congruence between literary national histories. historical context each under discussion aphoristically delivered constitutes solid foundation both intra- transnational comparisons myriad novels. second third chapters, entitled "Emergence Spirit Cultural Reform" "Growing Pains Nation," respectively, especially steeped specificities late Ottoman early years. In addition providing panorama founding principles nation consequent traumas conflicts were born period, uses these two trace genesis some paradoxes, crises, dilemmas emerged within psyche subsequently arena recent belong republican era and, ably demonstrates, prove particularly 227] prescient respect current problems Turkey faces. believes social, political, cultural discontinuities engendered Muslim empire secular nation, crises levels brought about rapid ungrounded modernization, challenges conciliating Islam democracy secularism constitute threads mark discussed chapter—Halide Edib Adıvar's Shirt Flame Memoirs Halide Edib, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu's The... | review | en | Turkish|Context (archaeology)|Literature|Civilization|History|Politics|Sociology|Philosophy|Art|Law|Linguistics|Political science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.2010.0000 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1995578192', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.2010.0000', 'mag': '1995578192'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Comparative Literature Studies |
<i>Telling Our Stories:</i> Community-Created Theatre as Intra-Cultural Diplomacy in a Transnational World | Sarah Ann Standing (https://openalex.org/A5086198320) | 2,011 | Telling Our Stories: Community-Created Theatre as Intra-Cultural Diplomacy in a Transnational World Sarah Ann Standing New York City College of Technology's 1 ("City Tech") classrooms are among the most diverse world. Students land my speech and theatre classes from range countries, such Egypt, Thailand, Ivory Coast, Peru, Zealand, Yemen, Hong Kong, others. 2 One student told me how he escaped guarded clothing-sweatshop factory Guiana made his way to United States; others come by winning immigration lottery, borrowing money extended family India, arriving here alone. Other scenarios include students who received large, intact communities, but then become trapped being coerced work in, say, Chinese restaurants experiencing arranged marriages. can also be pressured live Chinatown thus never really learn speak English. Among these others, itself drug violence, gang or violence born out frustration boredom. Additionally, there middle-class backgrounds—some even having parents attended Tech themselves. In today's multicultural world, must collaboratively with those different order thrive. Current diversity initiatives encompass, course, usual categories race, ethnicity, class, sex, gender, dis/ability across spectrum students, faculty, staff on campus its communities. I posit that ways need together not merely result proximity (namely, within same classroom), rather function deliberately utilizing diplomacy. The traditional definition "diplomacy" is twofold: "1) art practice conducting negotiations between nations, 2) skill handling affairs without arousing hostility" (Merriam-Webster.com). Diplomacy, context needing understand different, communication, feel respected understood, means bridging one's experiences Further, argue appreciate difference, just tolerate ignore it. This essay offers one model for teaching value their own well others', using individual diplomacy community-created "cultural diplomacy." "Effective Speaking" course classroom, practiced through mediated classroom discussions: example, getting countries at war (or else conflict) engage dialogue. urge view themselves globalized framework saying "the future world depends upon people may think very differently, learning talk listen another respectfully." Although initially wary, eventually begin trust new friendships consequently relinquish histories hatred violence. political discussion arose Afghanistan, Iran, Israel. When words became heated, reiterated rules: "You have LISTEN each other. You treat other individuals. Don't repeat things you've been grew up hearing. MUST (as graded part class) respectful dialogue." had intervene many times, they began listening another, viewing individuals simply representatives distrusted nations. As Kanta Kochhar-Lindgren [End Page 139] has written: "much already written about nuanced understanding multiple voices right speak. Less, however, other—notwithstanding which defined, whether political, cultural, metaphysical. Not only do we great difficulty seeing other, hearing well" (424). Thus attuning both myself increasingly toward key days Tech. These forays into set stage kind... | article | en | Multiculturalism|Immigration|Gender studies|Media studies|Sociology|Political science|Pedagogy|Law | https://doi.org/10.1353/tt.2011.0017 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2024750572', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tt.2011.0017', 'mag': '2024750572'} | Egypt|Iran|Israel|Yemen | C144024400 | Sociology | Theatre Topics|CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) |
<i>That the World May Know: Bearing Witness to Atrocity</i> (review) | Daniel Listoe (https://openalex.org/A5076087566) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: That the World May Know: Bearing Witness to Atrocity Daniel Listoe (bio) Atrocity. By James Dawes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. 304 pp.$19.95. Dawes's begins with simple declaration that it is "about those who decided do something" (1). Doing "something" means coming assistance of vulnerable human beings, often in kind foreign location one imagines reserved [End Page 196] for a "humanitarian crisis" or abuses rights. The book, however, devoted clouding idea humanitarian aid emerges from clear moral decisions on part actors, and their actions are always healing, sanctifying, far away. In other words, if chooses something, then speak so world may know horror, what remains be figured drives people heart catastrophe; how they choose talk about it; actual results choice something out? Dawes tries approach such matters by emphasizing more than we realize action necessarily passes through words—some move act, some simply moving. Rather follow well-established literature subjects bearing witness horrific experience—either endurance survival, looking at secondary witnesses' acts representation—the book rightly takes language formation formulation as its primary subject. He presents used tool information advocacy; work aesthetic re-creations catastrophe voyeuristic pleasure; claiming one's rights; declaring someone worthy decision thus becomes words—in strict Austinian sense beyond. Whether shelled streets Sarajevo, United Nations' office Turkey, genocide Rwanda, there universal plight—for Dawes, wherever rights under siege suspended, atrocity, goes delivering government-like judgments, four-fold question rightfully applies: ethical parameters taking just given situation? What difference will chosen make? And mirror construction, borders telling "stories" atrocities there, impact stories, all forms, have? Trying trace intersection storytelling pushes Know two directions. Writing binds his leads into inevitable psychological considerations extremely complex motivations. Conversely, many forms relevant communication (broadly defined "storytelling") encompasses both wide variety narrative constructions—such novels memoirs, reporting, juridical testimony, determining reports workers—and respective 197] receptions. seems genuinely concerned exchange, interaction, ideologically informed sites where aesthetics ethics meet create political possibilities; possibilities opened limited ideological restraints. each case, then, an must seen light uses which representative repertoire directed. To these issues—it should much too broad through—Dawes has introduction four chapters. first, "Genocide," calls up Rwanda case study, exploring competing versions disaster. Here looks "right" represent event, contrasting, instance, memoir participants like UN commander peace keeping General Roméo Dallaire, novelists, journalists, lawyers Rwanda's criminal tribunal. asked investments write have storytelling. second chapter, "Interrogation," study institutional "refugees." comparing... | review | en | Witness|Declaration|Human rights|Law|Action (physics)|Need to know|History|Representation (politics)|Political science|Sociology|Politics|Computer security|Computer science|Physics|Quantum mechanics | https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0070 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2061978144', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.0.0070', 'mag': '2061978144'} | Turkey | C144024400|C169437150 | Human rights|Sociology | Comparative Literature Studies |
<i>The Battle for the Mind: War and Peace in the Era of Mass Communication</i> by Gary S. Messinger (review) | Priya Satia (https://openalex.org/A5080430932) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: The Battle for the Mind: War and Peace in Era of Mass Communication by Gary S. Messinger Priya Satia (bio) Communication. By Messinger. Amherst: University Massachusetts Press, 2011. Pp. x+293. $28.95. Messinger's goal this synthetic work is to provide an overview mass communication's impact on war peace last two centuries. This enormous subject, ranges admirably from Britain United States, Japan Spain. book encapsulates much what we know about how press, film, radio, newer forms communication have shaped efforts end war. first five chapters cover 1850 1945, focusing primarily Britain, France, Germany, States. three take cold post-cold world, bringing Soviet Union but otherwise narrowing American focus. a generally useful book, those looking rigorous argument relationships between war, peace, will be disappointed. opening conceit—his dream that can bring both successful movement forever form warfare involving no physical violence—is unsubstantiated book's contents, which chronicle countless instances media had little or adverse effects efforts. How do make sense strange fact as has increased so too scale manmade death? stories tells belie his insistence "the always potential help people transcend hatred imagine less violent world" (p. 130). certainly there seldom realized—the question why not. To begin answer question, one would into account idea not only conveyance news very theory practice "hearts minds" come matter tactically politically—for instance, early aerial bombardment was conceived communication, [End Page 218] attempt at using violence break morale. If came their own World II, front home, it also line home entirely broke down: connection total There coeval emergence modern state secrecy. dutifully chronicles post-World I cynicism media, deeper roots tradition suspicion—from eighteenth-century English working classes J. A. Hobson's critique jingoism—and implications long history remain beyond purview. Without story, impossible grasp when furthered peaceful ends versus ends. Media exposure helped nuclear deterrence, argues, then did fail spread awareness Holocaust? Abu Ghraib scandal produced decline voter support Iraq go on? Why attention Tibetan protests during China Olympics affect Chinese policy? acknowledges decrease our reality military violence. He even recognizes outset newspapers sell, yet he insists ultimately such suffers somewhat its near-exclusion Africa, Latin America, Asia, times wreaks havoc with Western focus (e.g., confidence until 9/11, "frequent criticism [of States]" "outweighed praise" [p. 215] renders event incomprehensible). narrow onto high-level politics—unfortunately given rise non-elite-controlled precisely period. In sum, good introduction coverage war... | review | en | Battle|Spanish Civil War|Argument (complex analysis)|Military operations other than war|Political science|Law|Military history|History|Economic history|Sociology|Ancient history|Medicine|Internal medicine | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2013.0025 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2093202368', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2013.0025', 'mag': '2093202368'} | Iraq | C120302604|C144024400 | Military operations other than war|Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>The Birth of Conservative Judaism: Solomon Schechter's Disciples and the Creation of an American Religious Movement</i> by Michael R. Cohen (review) | Alan T. Levenson (https://openalex.org/A5011181100) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: The Birth of Conservative Judaism: Solomon Schechter's Disciples and the Creation an American Religious Movement by Michael R. Cohen Alan T. Levenson (bio) Movement. By Cohen. New York: Columbia University Press 2012. ixix + 163163 pp. Cohen's book returns discussion movement to charismatic figure Schechter disciples who set out from York City's Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS) re-make Jewry. rejects earlier foci on either European ideological origins Breslau's Jüdisches Theologisches Seminar or version JTS founded in 1880s Sabato Morais, Alexander Kohut others. Instead, argues impressive number previously ignored seminary records, unpublished letters disciples, other sources that Judaism must be understood as a twentieth-century phenomenon. argument may come no surprise given sort inquiries into Reform inaugurated Leon Jick's Americanization Synagogue Jeffrey Gurock's numerous studies Orthodoxy. But nobody recent years has examined along these lines, results inquiry are persuasive. succeeds showing (and his wife Mathilde) exerted kind appeal limned Max Weber's theory successfully routinized vision after death 1915. also goes beyond standard characterization product rabbinic leadership mediating demands non-observant laity imperious faculty. While acknowledging tension between folk elite, demonstrates myriad ways which (including Louis Epstein, Goldman, Charles Hoffman, Jacob Kohn, Israel Levinthal Herman Rubenovitz) applied respective congregations they served. In many cases, provided each encouragement stay course against challenges Orthodox right, left, their own congregations. role colleagues gets highlighted relative rebbetzins, might have been explored further, following Shuly Rubin Schwartz's work. discusses usual suspects such Finkelstein, Ginzberg Mordecai Kaplan, one great merits is cast light lesser luminaries. did not always see eye-to-eye. third chapter details different paths taken "heretic" (Mordecai Kaplan) "maverick" (Herbert [End Page 324] Goldstein) both pulled away Catholic toward more formulations. (In case assumes readers will know Kaplan continued at Teachers Institute long he had articulated Reconstructionist philosophy.) disciples' work went serving create umbrella organizations typical Judaism. congregational umbrella, United America, struggled achieve influence interwar years, Rabbinical Assembly (RA) proved durable. accounts for varying degrees success with due attention Judaism's in-fighting. successor helm JTS, Cyrus Adler, disliked way shared power seminarians pulpit rabbis, while RA enjoyed greater autonomy. carefully qualifies findings acknowledges coherence often conflicted desire provide "big raft" traditional-minded Jews. view, conflicts came religious right than several key figures personally associated ultimately joining Union outright, rejecting RA's preferred solution agunah issue, denouncing implementation sometimes cryptic dicta. focus leaves Orthodoxy less fully drawn, but small quibble over terrific book, I am inclined fault overzealous editors author. This likely read professional historians laypeople. For... | review | en | Judaism|Orthodoxy|Religious studies|Ideology|History|Sociology|Philosophy|Theology|Law|Politics|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2013.0021 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1966048202', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2013.0021', 'mag': '1966048202'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | American Jewish History |
<i>The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815-1860</i> (review) | George H. Junne (https://openalex.org/A5038493411) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: The Black Refugees in British North America, 1815-1860 George H. Junne Jr. 1815–1860. Harvey Amani Whitfield. Lebanon: University Press of New England, 2006. Pp. 200, $65.00 cloth, $24.95 paper Whitfield's Blacks on the Border: 1815–1860 is an interesting and insightful body research that focuses primarily refugees their social political experiences Nova Scotia. It a testimony to struggles community province, but also fight against racism discrimination adopted home America. This 'must-read' work for those attempting understand lived escaping from slavery United States as well comprehending complex shifting comprehension borders while living slave-free country. Whitfield begins by recounting history African-descended people what would become Scotia, slave trade 1700s, establishment founding Halifax. He reports 100 free 1767 3,500 Loyalists, hundreds slaves owned white Loyalists who Canada following American Revolutionary War. further touches Jamaican Maroons exiled Scotia 1796. reveals received Canadian government, forcing early immigrants indenture themselves stay alive. details fled War 1812 (3,500) 2,000 Between 1815 1818, Halifax numbered 892 men, 583 women, 188 children, most illuminating significant, almost half were part family units. That exposes centrality two-parent, extended, fictive kin families lives continue influence decisions over time. emanated two primary regions States: Chesapeake Georgia Sea Islands. Arriving Canada, specifically meant carried psychosocial ties former homes physical separation enslaved status. lead US/Canadian border line unquestionably separated freedom imagined kinfolk States. encountered many levels they sought settle designated sterile farmlands, [End Page 412] particularly at Hammonds Plains Preston. Not only was land worthless, allotted ten acres not enough feed family, even government officials acknowledged. There assumption supposed be farmers, cheap labour farms Scotians. No one counted importance gave land. given freehold grants (so could sell land) licences occupation (they occupy own). For them, tied possession land, its legal ownership. Therefore, worked if had go assistance or walk fifteen twenty kilometres berries homemade goods market much-needed cash. Whether towns such Halifax, created churches societies that, spite local prejudices, asserted loyalty Britain institutions. colour-blind utopia myth. Thomas Chandler Haliburton, one, very low opinion Blacks, others Joseph Howe did support them. societies, African Abolition Society, Baptist Church, helped create identity Americans. supported runaways States, attended lectures US politics laws, celebrated important events coronation... | review | en | Nova scotia|Refugee|Immigration|Politics|Racism|White (mutation)|History|Gender studies|Colonialism|Political science|Ethnology|Sociology|Law|Archaeology|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Gene | https://doi.org/10.1353/can.0.0082 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2056349006', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/can.0.0082', 'mag': '2056349006'} | Lebanon | C144024400 | Sociology | The Canadian historical review |
<i>The Blacks of Premodern China</i> (review) | Maghan Keita (https://openalex.org/A5034809045) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Blacks of Premodern China Maghan Keita China. By Don J. Wyatt. Philadelphia: University Pennsylvania Press, 2010. 208 pp. $65.00 (cloth). Wyatt's title is provocative enough—it holds great promise; yet, in many ways it fails to deliver. Having acknowledged this, the work still demands a certain intellectual fortitude mastering its density for reader intent on making sense African presence Asia, and particularly compels serious attention, not only because style but substance as well. But before considering importance this work, shortcomings should be addressed. Its poses problems—at least reader. There opacity writing that clouds elements are central fundamental theoretical premises work. Take issues race slavery examples. treatment two rather tortured. lack comparative analysis, both theoretically substantively, crucial. Here, persistence using notion "Arab" racial than cultural category seriously muddles any argument he wishes make about race. primary sources Arabic translation—some ubiquitous, like Ibn Battuta—that cause context what might considered take pause. [End Page 828] would have been better served if some these had consulted relation question. same token, European from period pose sorts when comes rendering Arab type. An acknowledgment bodies knowledge construction one book's main theses resulted somewhat different study. It forced author speculate whether those delivering "blacks" into Chinese servitude were not, respects, somatically quite similar their captives. Battuta's observations along lines, do Abulfeda, who writes Egyptian merchants Their lead questions concerning discussion China—particularly relates Africans—and possibility every black given encounter was necessarily slave. In other words, has accounted did come upon blacks may much broader variety interactions simply "the slave." helpful here consider which source slaves—Arabs—were regarded by Chinese. lines analysis purpose. first an exploration concepts played out within them. And second, stemming that, learned observing with "black" charges. Though Wyatt treats him passing, seem Cosmas Indicopluestes deserves more terms his sixth-century Indian Ocean trade crews saw frequenting ports Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Cosmas's experience suggests slaves also able-bodied seamen More half millennium later, Battuta support notion. This further complicated nicely so. turns strengths ability illustrate complexity notions blackness. reveals all Africans context. term reserved darker non-Han neighbors people. complication, however, misses another point analysis. A considerable element historical Kunlun ("blacks" parlance) discusses South Asians—some Indonesian archipelago. centuries traffic between Indonesia Madagascar, resulting demography clearly evident Page... | review | en | Argument (complex analysis)|China|Context (archaeology)|Race (biology)|Style (visual arts)|History|Relation (database)|Sociology|Aesthetics|Gender studies|Political science|Law|Philosophy|Medicine|Computer science|Archaeology|Database|Internal medicine | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0121 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2038703348', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0121', 'mag': '2038703348'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Christian Rejection of Animal Sacrifice</i> by Daniel C. Ullucci (review) | Guy G. Stroumsa (https://openalex.org/A5078850012) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: The Christian Rejection of Animal Sacrifice by Daniel C. Ullucci Guy G. Stroumsa Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2012 Pp. x + 226. $74. For the historian religions, few problems are as important that end animal sacrifices in late antiquity. Ullucci's ambitious book, based upon his Brown doctoral dissertation, seeks to tackle this problem upfront dealing with most religious trend period, Christianity. In a succession five chapters, book deals sacrifice, its theory and practice ancient Mediterranean critique Greece Israel, positions on sacrifice (the longest chapter, chronologically main early texts, which provides good, although not new, synthesis major options), author's new proposal for better understanding rejection sacrifices. epilogue Julian's attempt return focusing attitudes knows full well he inscribes himself long scholarly tradition. New Testament patristic texts have been scanned analyzed many times, from number viewpoints. While establishes research those studies, finds them all wanting, good reasons, arguing scholarship they established "underanalyzes undertheorizes social reality authors" (119). goal, then, is propose model [End Page 142] him, should take broader, more comparative perspective, be contemporary sociological approaches. More precisely, makes much use vocabulary developed French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, calling church fathers "Christian cultural producers," outlining "a context field production involved debating meaning purpose (and action generally)" contradistinction Michel Foucault, colleague at Collège de France, had no particular interest Christianity, but was very sharp inspiring intellectual, one may conceivably learn applying lenses study texts. Much true what writes about earlier attempts analyze understand sacrifice. It read theological insists forgetting theology. Yet, I must say does seem shed light itself. If quite convinced advantages "new model," so because found claims theoretical sophistication helpful only degree. My dissatisfaction, rather, related fact keep promise see context. Yes, philosophical up Porphyry, relevant same issue. But total absence rabbis under review striking (nine pages dedicated "Judean" [pre-Christian] sacrifice). After all, two one, were born Palestine second half first century: Rabbinic Judaism, together stems destruction Jerusalem Temple. insists, rightly, religions praxis arguments, praxeis, endowed single "meaning." historian, religion without obviously different daily place. Hence, both rabbinic Judaism Christianity Second Temple later stage biblical Israel. Both these simultaneously, gave Wouldn't it made eminent sense refer also rabbinic... | review | en | Sacrifice|Early Christianity|Scholarship|Viewpoints|Christianity|Philosophy|Theology|Environmental ethics|Classics|Religious studies|History|Art|Political science|Law|Visual arts | https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.2013.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2003132451', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/earl.2013.0001', 'mag': '2003132451'} | Israel|Palestine | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Journal of Early Christian Studies |
<i>The Columbia History of the Vietnam War</i> (review) | Shelton Woods (https://openalex.org/A5016104380) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Columbia History of the Vietnam War Shelton Woods War. Edited by David L. Anderson. New York: University Press, 2011. 488 pp. $65.00 (cloth). For any student or scholar War, recently published edited Anderson is essential reading. Masterfully written most prominent authorities on this volume divided into three sections: "Chronological Perspectives," "Topical and "Postwar Perspectives." stated aim to "provide a reliable historical perspective advance accurate scholarship sound policymaking" (p. x). authors accomplish this, so much more in Anderson's introduction, which comprises almost one-quarter book, provides comprehensive overview war. Divided brief sections just few paragraphs each major issues events war, overture uses broad strokes lay foundation picture that detailed following fourteen chapters. introduction itself an effective essay for either novice well-read those not familiar with subject, narrative clear both trees forests are captured reader's imagination. who have solid background assists remind us themes, events, players contributed one sorrowful century marked history's tragic wars. Like other volume, does shy away from providing educated opinions past present implications He notes first paragraph, "It [the War] is, it should be, continuing real part policymaking public discourse role American power ideals throughout world" 1). Anderson, contributors taken aback U.S. policymakers Iraq overtly dismiss lessons been learned editor closes remarkable these words: "Local influences conflict will shape its course outcome ways extend beyond what force ideas, no matter how great noble, can determine" 83). Following six chapters make up Perspectives" section. Mark Philip Bradley sets stage chapter twenty-five-page history 1954 end Chapter 2 insightful examination responsibility Presidents Eisenhower Kennedy [End Page 482] had creating America's Southeast Asia quagmire. In essay, Richard H. Immerman makes strong case reassessment presidents' policies Vietnam: "But as be commended planning military commitment South Vietnam, congratulated avoiding one" 139). end, believes would responded differently effectively than President Johnson did mid 1960s crisis: "Yet, neither escape their forcing challenges successor" 140). remaining four 1 gradually draw back curtain play we call themes include attempts support ineffective political regimes Saigon, Johnson's decision bomb North extremely Robert J. McMahon titled "Turning Point: War's Pivotal Year, November 1967-November 1968," finally Nixon's Every essays brilliantly written. Not only experts history, they also engaging writers. An example prose Lloyd Gradner's assessment dilemma: "As war deepened morass all but engulfed his presidency, moreover, Johnson... | review | en | Scholarship|Vietnam War|History|Spanish Civil War|Narrative|Columbia university|Subject (documents)|Classics|Sociology|Media studies|Literature|Law|Political science|Library science|Art|Archaeology|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0041 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2037091420', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0041', 'mag': '2037091420'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Commerce of the Sacred: Mediation of the Divine among Jews in the Greco-Roman World</i> (review) | Rivka Ulmer (https://openalex.org/A5015636117) | 2,007 | Hebrew Studies 48 (2007) 383 Reviews more open to contacts with non-rabbis, both characteristics shared Palestinian sages but not earlier Babylonian sages. His innovation in this book is his connection of shift behavior similar shifts other eastern cultures, including Christianity. Throughout, Kalmin’s analysis nuanced and balanced. He takes into account opposing explanations texts, explains why are preferable openly admits when the text does reveal much about a given topic. aware that theses often rest on sparse textual evidence. argument there significant mid-fourth century depiction learning convincing raises challenge Rubenstein who dates most rabbinic culture later period which Talmud was redacted. differentiation between sages, focal point entire career, continues be enlightening. How these analyses impact our larger understanding Persian remains expansively argued. Joshua Kulp The Schechter Institute Jewish Jerusalem, Israel [email protected] THE COMMERCE OF SACRED: MEDIATION DIVINE AMONG JEWS IN GRECO-ROMAN WORLD. By Jack N. Lightstone. Pp. xxiii + 171. New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 2006. Paper, $26.50 This focuses upon religious practices Diaspora Jews late antiquity. author, Lightstone, presents Judaism pursuant categories taxonomies utilized within discipline history religion . rituals beliefs Jews, outside orbit Judaism, highly influenced by methodologies. main topics addressed are: magicians divine men; dead their tombs; life Torah Diaspora; synagogue rituals; early church; Philo philosophic mysticism. Lightstone’s reprint first edition, published Brown Judaic Series 1984. updated bibliography Herbert Basser, as well index, renders very accessible scholar student. One strengths book, discussed foreword Willi Braun, different conceptual perspective antique due its utilization methodologies religion. Nevertheless, reviewer 384 issue Braun’s reductive characterization Wissenschaft des Judenthums “extra- or pseudo-historical…” foreword. In my opinion , adamantly opposed pseudohistorical descriptions, it had additional agendas, such scientific study Judaism. It attempted texts methods were applied people’s histories texts—thus removing them from discourse transmitted “religious truths.” approach may compared developments biblical archeology stimulated general consequently abandoning chronology “time Abraham” instead dating according framework archeology. problems challenges living antiquity elucidated creative manner book. Alexandrian Jew used Greek model, metropolis, describe realm occupied Land Israel. Lightstone invokes famous passage identifies Jerusalem mother-city. From Philo’s comment, implies ancient Mediterranean world dotted colonies. notices ethnic solidarity struggle search for places would mediate sacred, since they lived far Temple. case we note he undertook pilgrimage sacred center author relies teacher, Jacob Neusner, Jonathan Z. Smith; thus treats archeological findings data analyzed through additional, systematic categories, systemic relationships Based of... | review | en | Talmud|Judaism|Period (music)|Jewish culture|Diaspora|Depiction|Christianity|Hebrew|Torah|Mediation|Argument (complex analysis)|Jewish studies|Hebrew Bible|History|Literature|Classics|Religious studies|Theology|Philosophy|Sociology|Art|Biblical studies|Aesthetics|Social science|Biochemistry|Chemistry | https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2007.0031 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1995228139', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hbr.2007.0031', 'mag': '1995228139'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Hebrew studies |
<i>The Committed Observer</i> (review) | William H. Green (https://openalex.org/A5051475129) | 1,985 | BOOK REVIEWS 261 the need for future research on topic of how American defense policy influences both Soviet military doctrine and view willingness to accept risk. The relationship between doctrines beliefs, which hovers over many central arguments in nuclear deterrence, must be explored further if concept competition risk-taking is refined. Committed Observer. By Raymond Aron. Chicago: Regnery Gateway, Inc., 1983. pp. 292. Reviewed by William Green, M.A. candidate, SAIS. A series interviews accorded Aron 1980 French television appear this readable captivating volume. offers an analysis political economic crises sweeping France during past fifty years as well a positions he took specific issues. His discussions diplomatic failures bridle Hitler's Germany, weaknesses Popular Front's program, Algerian conflict, Prague Spring are particularly interesting. Following war, embarked double career editorialist professor sociology. Journalism permitted him participate nation's reconstruction thus interpret history making, while academics provided environment intellectual development his philosophy. An analyst interpreter events, frequently found himself disagreement with intelligentsia 1950s 1960s. Considered right espousing liberal conception society, cannot readily categorized. attitudes emerged from relativist approach history, empirical analysis, philosophy favoring pluralism. He appreciated distinctions general idealism realism. This volume serves useful introduction study one France's great intellectuals. Strategy Toward Western Europe. Edwina Moretón Gerald Segal, eds. London, Boston, Sydney: George Allen Unwin, 296. timely provides students international relations welcome European military, economic, arms control policies. Arguing that West European-Soviet disputes have little do East-West struggle, contributors urge resurrection EuropeanSoviet dialogue. Dawisha Adomeit contend pragmatism strategic state interests rather than ideology determine strategy toward ... | review | en | Intelligentsia|Politics|Political science|Doctrine|Law|Democracy|Sociology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1985.0007 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2064878999', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1985.0007', 'mag': '2064878999'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | SAIS review |
<i>The Diplomats</i> (review) | Timothy W. Childs (https://openalex.org/A5072144582) | 1,984 | BOOK REVIEWS 251 simply demonstrates the lack of political will on part a superpower to project its military power in world affairs, presumably owing absence active interest groups. Had United States engaged encouraging peaceful multilateral negotiations through auspices ofthe Nations, as was case temporarily bringing together Soviets well Afghan and Pakistani officials Geneva peace talks, rationale would be axiomatic. But American policy decision escalate aid tune $3.6 billion Pakistan only serves exacerbate predicament that refuses confront directly, yet demands support Third World countries for passive posture toward expanding Soviet buildup Afghanistan. The stupendous arms sales Pakistan, instance, are confined by both authors an examination Indian-Pakistan regional security rivalry. Perhaps some future book geostrategic specialist resolve more direct U.S. role upper corridors Southwest Asia. An analysis upcoming documents should either elaborate ulterior motives resulting, at one extreme, notion Finlandization sheer force superpowers, or diagnose decline projection affairs relative emerging nonalignment bloc; unless course, explanations fall short requiring recurring another gray-area conflict zone befitting invasion Bhargawa Gupta, prominent Indian scholars international make substantial contribution growing post-Vietnam literature conduct World. One can hope such writers provide valuable how these crucial events unfold restricting scope their vision. In doing so, they might set higher scholarly standard, which outlast persistent crisis. It sad indeed if recent deployments thirty-six Tul6 Badger bombers along with Su17 Fitters ground-attack fighters sixty Su24 Fencers border served invite around hastily organized books catchy titles "The Syndrome—Revisited." Diplomats. By Martin Meyer. New York: Doubleday, 1983. 417 pp. $17.95. Reviewed Timothy W. Childs, former foreign service officer, currently professorial lecturer diplomatic history SAIS. This is curious macédoine good, bad, indifferent. Essentially, work attempts too much, ultimately succeeds nothing. tries diplomacy; it analyze functions, working methods, procedures Foreign Service State Department; discusses "special cases," Agricultural Depart- 252 SAIS REVIEW ment Agriculture, Israeli Ministry (in seems irrelevant, latter propagandistic). also shows obsessive animus Saudi Arabia throughout, and, finally, come up "innovative" solutions situations author perceives problems. Nevertheless, there occasional shrewd insights throughout what seemed this reviewer nuclei least five separate books. To specifics: early chapters combine quite good points about diplomats operate today, sycophancy between junior senior officers, inability superpowers control client states (U.S.S.R.North Korea; U.S.-Israel). difficulty maintaining contact Opposition authoritarian country broached, problem ambassador who deliberately misrepresents facts his hosts, even worse, own government. Mayer addresses importance media Washington (although he does not discuss desirability). Finally, turns perennial misguided, just plain reporting. connection, relates few genuinely relevant historical anecdotes is—alas—otherwise oversupplied: during Russo-Japanese War, Russian attaché apparently taxed having reported Japanese... | review | en | Superpower|Rivalry|Political science|Foreign policy|International relations|Politics|Negotiation|Nuclear weapon|Political economy|Great power|Development economics|National security|Law|Sociology|Economics|Macroeconomics | https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1984.0014 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1971589755', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1984.0014', 'mag': '1971589755'} | Israel|Saudi Arabia | C144024400|C47768531 | Development economics|Sociology | SAIS review |
<i>The End of Domesticity: Alienation from the Family in Dickens, Eliot, and James</i> (review) | John O. Jordan (https://openalex.org/A5043408660) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The End of Domesticity: Alienation from the Family in Dickens, Eliot, and James John O. Jordan Charles Hatten , James. Newark: University Delaware Press, 2010. 316 pp. In James, argues that one distinctive features transition mid-Victorian cultural beliefs, as typified by early novels to modernist attitudes, here represented fiction Henry is progressive de-idealization love family life a principal source value inevitable desired point termination (hence play on word "end" his title) for nineteenth- twentieth-century narratives domesticity. Dickens celebrates values, albeit ambivalently. Eliot calls them radically into question. rejects sentimental courtship plots conventional formulas closure favor morally ambiguous endings privilege aesthetic idealism over affirmations domestic ideology. Increasing alienation what "familialism" hallmark writing. Cast this reductive form, Hatten's argument may seem unremarkable, but such summary fails do justice complexity subtlety detailed readings he provides major texts three featured authors. receives fullest attention. Two chapters, focused Barnaby Rudge Dombey Son David Copperfield, take up hundred pages book. Chapters Mill Floss Daniel Deronda occupy eighty pages. chapter devoted centered Wings Dove with reflections other shorter fiction, forty approach historicist thematic. He emphasizes gender issues, changing conceptions marriage divorce, shifts demand production within literary marketplace, increasing commercialization English society, especially it affected ideas authorship. uses biographical information judiciously, does not let drive argument, locates primary skillfully broader historical contexts: influence Scott's Heart Midlothian Rudge, importance George Sand's Miller Angibault Indiana, presence sensation masculinist adventure backdrop written during second half century, emergence late Victorian aestheticism both adversary James's conception artist's moral responsibility. protagonist foreshortened history modern representations clearly Eliot. implicitly endorses critique her 1856 essay "The Natural History German Life" Dickens's "complete inadequacy" (in paraphrase) representing inner emotional characters, women lower classes, gives spirited defense originality [End Page 435] development narrative subsequent brilliant success correction example representation would show later writers British tradition inadequacies fictive mode offer an alternative model emphasize, more subtly trace, problematic relation individual family, putting individual's at center ambitious fiction" (139). While acknowledging "cautious . feminist impulses" conservative class values nevertheless praises subversive innovative writer who "rearticulates fictional priorities away masculine-centered preoccupations focus subjects concerns express feminine preoccupations" (143). thoughtful, acute analyses Deronda, situating persuasively crises gender, community, nationhood nineteenth-century Britain. reads Maggie Tulliver tragic Hegelian dialectic, torn between nostalgia past form loyalty religious asceticism) temptations self... | review | en | Alienation|Idealism|Idealization|Ideology|Philosophy|Narrative|Literature|Value (mathematics)|Witness|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Art history|Aesthetics|Art|Law|Politics|Epistemology|Psychology|Political science|Linguistics|Physics|Quantum mechanics|Machine learning|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.2011.0025 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2021559917', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.2011.0025', 'mag': '2021559917'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Partial Answers |
<i>The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000</i> (review) | Edward E. Andrews (https://openalex.org/A5068989136) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000 Edward E. Andrews 1600–2000. By Colin Kidd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 318 pp. $75.00 (cloth); $27.99 (paper). This is an ambitious, engaging, richly detailed book. In urging us to look at race as a scriptural problem, rather than just scientific [End Page 237] one, Kidd posits that “interpretations Bible certain branches discipline theology have played influential role shaping racial attitudes over past four centuries” (p. 1). Not only does this force historians shift their focus from racism racialized theological controversies, it also requires its readers explore beyond temporal boundaries with which they might be most comfortable. other words, demands not we issue, but take macro-chronological view how has developed onset European expansion today. Races begins brief survey significant explanations difference provides useful overview various “race biology” arguments. After establishing well-known formulation cultural construction, then turns important controversies within itself. Although rarely, if ever, used language, interpreters ascribed significance many texts, examining everything Adam curse Ham, even ethnicity Christ himself. rest book divided into six thematic chapters generally follow chronological order. first two chapters, explains that, Europeans encountered new peoples during early modern era, concerns circumscribed any efforts make differences inherent or naturalized. While theologians, scientists, had monopoly on explaining differences, were still operating intellectually orthodox paradigm privileged unity human family declared hint polygenesis (multiple creations) pre-Adam creation heresy. Kidd’s chapter Enlightenment suggests continuity with, divergence from, these previous remain monogenetic paradigm. Nevertheless, more skeptical philosophers who radical fringe Enlightenment, such Voltaire French philosophes, began sustained attack biblical texts would result momentary displacement authority discourse. tackles how, caught nineteenth-century crisis faith, American defenders slavery British imperial ideologues sought square traditional Christian texts. poly-genesis provided perfect justification for oppression, notes theologians eschewed instead opted middle ground fused understanding common proof sacred legality slavery. Building 238] upon insights, examines complicated ways architects Aryan ideology employed history Biblical exegesis articulate between races. Using anthropology philology rethink intellectuals argue religious superiority makeup, way around. rhetorical strategy, minds, vindicated expansion, propagated attitude hatred could ultimately justify biblically sanctioned extinction. becoming intertwined. final push era several manifestations religion. demonstrates nineteenth century’s faith obsession collaborated create new, race-based (though necessarily racist) religions. was Israelism, contended Anglo-Saxons fact true descendents Lost Tribes Israel therefore heirs all spiritual blessings divine covenants pedigree entail. But goes explain Identity movement, Mormonism, rise... | review | en | Protestantism|Race (biology)|Racism|Interpreter|Religious studies|History|Sociology|Gender studies|Philosophy|Computer science|Programming language | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.0.0011 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2074942718', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.0.0011', 'mag': '2074942718'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Formative Period in Alabama, 1815-1828</i> (review) | F. N. Boney (https://openalex.org/A5024822010) | 1,966 | BOOK REVIEWS The Formative Period in Alabama, 1815-1828. By Thomas Perkins Abernethy. (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1965. Pp. 220. $6.95.) Despite the flood historical publications recent decades, new materials discovered and interpretations formulated, some old works remain valuable. One such monograph is Abemethy's study nascent which was first published 1922. Slightly revised by Professor Abemethy, this long-scarce work has been made available again Press. subject fascinating. Seldom relentless westward surge American people a state emerged so rapidly. In 1810 less than ten thousand Americans inhabited few fringe areas eastern section Mississippi Territory; decade later boasted population over 144,0001 formative years were swirl activity defying stereotype easy generalization. Indian power broken General Andrew Jackson during War 1812, real mass immigration began with coming peace. A wealthy planters sought promising cotton lands, but from beginning majority newcomers small farmers, yeomen striving to become planters. settlers retained loyalty affection for their states—primarily Tennessee, Virginia, Carolinas, Georgia—and influence "Georgia faction" long controversy, other factors just as important politics. Friction between northern southern existed increased sharply issues location capital internal improvements. Banking policy also caused significant political clashes until Governor Israel Pickens created bank far too popular masses be successfully challenged. general, no formal parties existed; personal conviction temporary considerations usually decisive. Close examination elections reveals consistent voting patterns. closing period only one fact absolutely certain , wanted White House. Yet movement not fully unified either, faction under Dixon H. Lewis, champion states' rights strict constitutional construction forerunner organized opposition Jacksonians. Beneath surface basic pattern life evolved. Agriculture basis economy, slavery 179 180civil war history fundamental—by 1830 slaves up almost 40 per cent . Com main crops, truly king. Southern traded through Mobile, part dealt New Orleans, two regions had relatively little intercourse. Transportation communication facilities land woefully inadequate, cultural educational opportunities quite limited, especially rural areas. Baptists Methodists quickly established traditional dominance state, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Catholic churches attracted smaller followings Criminals, rowdies, gamblers, ne'er-do-wells every description appeared, neither they nor majority. great early Alabamians hard-working, hospitable, sturdy folk, typical western Americans. These ambitious seldom clashed state's liberal constitution gave farmers balance power, willing entrust leadership better prepared, more knowledgeable Generally sharp class conflict absent fluid, democratic society Alabama. Press performed service issuing edition its Historical Publications series. It remains solid work, essential an understanding useful appreciation young America. expert will find weak spots monograph, particularly light scholarship. treatment slavery, example, somewhat superficial, on whole stands test graduate student struggling Ph.D. degree might well examine book see what first-rate dissertation should can become. is... | review | en | Population|Period (music)|History|State (computer science)|Power (physics)|Formative assessment|Immigration|Politics|Economic history|Political science|Sociology|Demography|Law|Archaeology|Art|Aesthetics|Pedagogy|Physics|Algorithm|Quantum mechanics|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1966.0001 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2002453583', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1966.0001', 'mag': '2002453583'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>The Forum and the Tower: How Scholars and Politicians Have Imagined the World, from Plato to Eleanor Roosevelt</i> (review) | Todd C. Ream (https://openalex.org/A5016203049) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Forum and the Tower: How Scholars Politicians Have Imagined World, from Plato to Eleanor Roosevelt Todd C. Ream Mary Ann Glendon. Roosevelt. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. xiii + 261 pp. Cloth: $27.95. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-978245-1. When I was a graduate student, attended my first ASHE conference (in Miami that year) eager visit sessions hosted by scholars whose books articles had spent last couple of years reading. Toward end second day, wandered into what labeled “roundtable discussion” concerning role higher education research in policymaking decisions. quickly learned primary focus this standing-room-only session absence these decisions could be done bridge gap. general consensus policymakers were talking generally scholars. Unfortunately, rarely two meeting. While efforts gap have found some success, Glendon, Learned Hand Professor Law at Harvard School former U.S. Ambassador Vatican, would argue such gaps are not new. In fact, Roosevelt, she argues those as old academe itself. Inspired her own experiences desire offer students models holding “theory practice together with integrity,” Glendon concludes difficult best they cut across both grain societal expectations personal identity (p.ix). Echoing Cicero preface, posits often struggle inevitable recognition possible. contrast, politicians recognize something greater than immediately accessible. end, “The optimal confluence gifts, favorable conditions, plain luck will always elusive” (p. xii). Glendon’s exceptional book is an agent despair cast against inclinations public intellectuals heart for service. offers through 12 chronologically organized accounts healthy dose well-grounded hope. As subtitle establishes, run time Each individuals defined ancient Greeks referred thymos eros. particular cases, refers spiritedness which empowered them contribute govern. Eros love things mind. No one individual possesses qualities equal measures. led pursue life forum. For others, quest knowledge became their central preoccupation” 3). Despite imperfect nature relationship, each contributes value understanding intellectual develops. Part extracts lives few themselves vocations believed suited. Some originally called mind while others legacies left behind speak contributions areas thought unlikely. [End Page 668] example, Charles Malik, ambassador United States Lebanon, yearned return his professor philosophy. However, he diplomatic skills highly valued, only country but also global community. Through offers, recognizes service forum tower best. particular, just how challenging true change when it comes political arena. finds all highlights embody admirable qualities, emerge host circumstances even... | review | en | Miami|Ivory tower|Politics|Sociology|Law|Political science|Media studies|Environmental science|Soil science | https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2012.0038 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1985112964', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2012.0038', 'mag': '1985112964'} | Lebanon | C144024400 | Sociology | The Review of Higher Education |
<i>The Francophone Women's Magazine. Inside and Outside of France</i> (review) | Anna Rocca (https://openalex.org/A5087953872) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Francophone Women's Magazine. Inside and Outside of France Anna Rocca Cone, Annabelle Dawn Marley, ed. France. New Orleans, LA: University Press the South, 2010. Pp. v-xv; 179. ISBN 1-931948-79-8. $49.95, Paper. Inspired by 2006 Conference at Surrey, U.K., is an original valuable book collection that develops a subject quite new to literary studies. editors let us know while very little research has been done on women's magazines from non-sociological point view, even rarer are studies French feminine press published in countries other than This perhaps reason why fourteen contributors consider their essays as introductory texts. Several geographical areas embraced book: Quebec, Switzerland, France, Algeria, Morocco Cameroun. Divided three parts, first section devoted historical development Canada Switzerland. instructive overview highlights cultural, social political contexts within which journals developed well compulsory marketing aspects behind journals. At different degrees, five articles recognize how offered visibility for women creation virtual forum, where controversial topics were discussed. second highly informative focuses representations produced [End Page 134] It addresses linguistic issues emerging multidimensional image woman. also identifies challenges related illiteracy, magazine funding circulation, differences income among population consequential limited fruition magazines. far-reaching third part dedicated images more contemporary professional women, fathers families portrayed Canada. A constructive diffidence surfaces towards publications examined result way bodies still exploited illusory portrayed. Because nature magazine, includes articles, rubrics, advice, pictures, advertisements, private announcements, this often becomes, one hand, space conflicting messages, unexpected possibilities. most consistent captivating message all chapters. Concerning aspect, self-contradictory advice given readers, underline it supposed be: "both independent modern, yet continue adhere traditional values—be they form finding perfect mate or adhering religious values" (xiv). In case North African magazines, contradictions spaces complex. graphic contained Kamila Ouhibi Aitsiselmi Farid Aitsiselmi's article constitutes excellent example. two Algerian analyzed, notice promoted finds its place least centers representation: Islamic east, western globalization traditions. However, authors almost paradoxical hybrid state breaks dichotomist oppositions, offering fluctuating mediations between global practices, local customs, west, traditions Islam. term "hybrid" Marley's refers both choice projected identity Moroccan By addressing "'modern' working women," uses French, language reminiscent colonization, treat rights emancipation (101). Those convey who proud be "enjoy benefits being modern Westernized women" (108). unpredicted possibilities, Gabrielle Saint-Ives' details, early debate consequent feminization words Le Coin du Feu Quebec 1893 1896 should considered those. was revolutionary challenge impacted patriarchy served basis subsequent Quebecois feminist movements. conclusion, challenging journalists scholars' common views "as... | review | en | French|Politics|Subject (documents)|Section (typography)|Media studies|Sociology|History|Art history|Gender studies|Humanities|Political science|Art|Library science|Law|Advertising|Computer science|Business | https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2011.0025 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2003408016', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2011.0025', 'mag': '2003408016'} | Algeria|Morocco | C144024400 | Sociology | Women in French Studies |
<i>The Geographical Imagination of Annie Proulx: Rethinking Regionalism</i> (review) | Jenny Shank (https://openalex.org/A5042090596) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: The Geographical Imagination of Annie Proulx: Rethinking Regionalism Jenny Shank Regionalism. Edited by Alex Hunt. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2008. 229 pages, $60.00. By any measure, Proulx is an exceptional writer. She has achieved popular and critical acclaim, winning a National Book Award Pulitzer Prize (for [End Page 390] 1993’s Shipping News), among other honors, becoming household name when Ang Lee’s film based on her story “Brokeback Mountain” (from 1999 collection Close Range: Wyoming Stories) was nominated for Academy Award. also established reputation as first-class regionalist, writing books in which the setting often upstages characters, and, unusually writer whose work linked so closely to place, she specialized multiple regions. Most now think Wyoming-based western writer, but started out about East Coast, where grew up. Regionalism, edited Hunt, analyzes from many angles: who typically foregrounds place instead characters (what Hunt calls “the insistence geography” work), delves into New England West, works tradition realism yet extends beyond it, venturing territory that Margaret E. Johnson describes “hyperreal,” depiction homosexual “challenges normative ideas sexuality,” according Christopher Pullen (1, 25, 155). divides book three main sections: “Orientations,” Proulx’s influences general themes; “Geographies,” different specific regions featured work; “Directions,” includes diverse ways analyzing work, Pullen’s take “denial domesticity” occurs Wes Berry’s views critique capitalism inherent some (Pullen155). Many essayists remark how little sympathy author seems have depicts. But would probably argue it’s land, not she, without its inhabitants. Perhaps O. Alan Weltzien puts it best he discusses “The Wamsutter Wolf,” protagonist travels byways paved roads: “This protagonist’s preference, leads him one most merciless depictions local white trash, signifies miniature landscape’s primacy subsequent attenuation human choices” (155). “attenuation could be primary this particularly true several strongest stories Fine Just Way It Is: Stories 3, published too recently been discussed Hunt’s book. In “Tits-up Ditch,” young woman finds choices limited having baby; ends up enlisting army serving Iraq support child, disaster. “Them Old Cowboy Songs,” set 1885, rancher must leave his pregnant wife work. Their cabin’s isolation woman’s demise childbirth. Repeatedly writing, harsh realities landscape cause people make poor choices. As subtitle suggests, presents reader with chance rethink regionalism. depth engagement writes about, redeems term pejorative aspects makes label can aspire. 391] Boulder, Colorado Copyright © 2010 Western Literature Association | review | en | Regionalism (politics)|Realism|Sociology|Art history|Depiction|History|Literature|Art|Politics|Law|Political science|Democracy | https://doi.org/10.1353/wal.0.0067 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2040131641', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/wal.0.0067', 'mag': '2040131641'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | Western American Literature |
<i>The Global Family Planning Revolution: Three Decades of Population Policies and Programs</i> (review) | Deborah R. McFarlane (https://openalex.org/A5044792008) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: The Global Family Planning Revolution: Three Decades of Population Policies and Programs Deborah R. McFarlane (bio) Programs. Edited by Warren Robinson John A. Ross. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction Development, 2007. 470 pp. This book brings to life the remarkable story how family planning programs developed in three continents (Asia, Latin American, Africa) during second half twentieth century. is public health social change on macro-scale, such a never before occurred as quickly growth did. includes twenty-three case studies well introductory concluding chapters. Among authors are some most prominent people field. These document staggering successes (Korea Thailand) massive efforts that were largely ineffective (e.g., Philippines, Pakistan). As editors, note, “The senior professionals who had firsthand experience with programs, regrettably, gender bias period has resulted predominantly male authorship” (p. 421). editors point out much history behind creation national vanished young entering field often unaware it. volume can definitely fill gap explain unprecedented changes brought about efforts. I also recommend experienced managers researchers. Not only this presented interesting ways, but many chapters specific countries conclude lessons learned. Unlike edited volumes, one coherent, from succinct informative introduction Stephen Sinding through varied chapter which synthesize individual countries. country cases organized region: Middle East North Africa (Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Morocco), Europe Central Asia (Turkey only), America Caribbean (Chile, Columbia, Guatemala, Jamaica), Pacific (Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines), South (India, Bangladesh Pakistan—presented chapter, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Sub-Saharan (Ghana Kenya). Each explains historical background country, setting context an analysis was implemented. helpful time line, useful keeping track country’s milestones comparing relative experiences different While book’s cohere, explanation why these particular chosen occurs final written editors: 23 here earliest establish entire populations” not quite consistent [End Page 1370] Steven Sinding’s where number do appear (such Taiwan Botswana) mentioned. If unable find willing countries, would be served simple acknowledgment fact. found especially strong both terms summarizing analyzing global trends program performance management. Its application extends far beyond should considered anyone taking ambitious task providing services population, it state, or city. detailed bear repeating: 1. Policy adoption continuing process. 2. No best pathway policy exists. 3. new problem create administrative structure. 4. Crash entail dangers. 5. Initial socioeconomic status levels good guide planning. 6. scale initial must realistic. 7. Financial resources guarantee success. 8. Consistency leadership direction important. 9. single approach worked everywhere. am mostly enthusiastic Revolution, there glaring omission–the feminist backlash. With exception discussion... | review | en | Latin Americans|Population|Family planning|Population growth|Political science|Economic growth|Sociology|Demography|Law|Economics|Research methodology | https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0087 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2051143306', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0087', 'mag': '2051143306'} | Egypt|Iran|Morocco|Tunisia|Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved |
<i>The Invention of the Jewish People</i> (review) | Colin Shindler (https://openalex.org/A5048839840) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: The Invention of the Jewish People Colin Shindler People, by Shlomo Sand. London: Verso, 2009. 332 pp. This book has been promoted as "an international bestseller" that demolishes all previous connotations Jews a people. Sand approvingly quotes French historian, Marcel Detienne, "How can we denationalise national histories?"—and this seems to be motivation behind work. It proceeds from thesis generations academic historians have got it wrong, Graetz, Dubnov, Baron, Baer, Dinur, and others were so influenced times in which they lived societies dwelled unwittingly served malign designs unscrupulous politicians. Perhaps writers are fashioned their epoch some extent, including both reviewer; however, professional struggle against tendency sense integrity responsibility readers. Yet characterizes many intellectually unworldly ever willing supplicants at altar Zionism. Departments history throughout world, is argued, seemingly blinkered for long time with crucial material secreted away dusty archives until publication debunking initiated exploding "the myth exile." argues there no evidence either mass deportation or refugee flight. Israeli schoolchildren, revealed, told was Hebrew slaves who carrying menorah depicted on Titus's Arch, not Roman soldiers. also clear Vespasian desperately needed impress his new subjects Rome after he usurped throne. year 69 deserved its title four emperors." Josephus's vivid description Vespasian's entry into questioned terms exuberance, but occurrence? Flavian dynasty Vespasian, Titus, Domitian continually symbolism destruction Jerusalem imperial tenure context vast construction projects general reshaping Rome. reductionist approach leads selectivity. Some facts chosen, not. Those selected stretched sketch out generality. Max Nordau's Degeneration certainly an attack fin-de-siècle political correctness, would considered reactionary today, yet included within antisemitism bourgeoisie, [End Page 137] omits. Nordau further criticized progressive belief since had emancipated Revolution century before, situation simply idyllic. As commented, great men 1792 according logic," reality found themselves. Sand's difficulty well. All movements myths imagined history. "discoveries" new. Ahad Ha'am commented "Moses" (1904) cared whether Moses actually existed, persona enshrined hearts generations. Such proof nonexistence "detract one jot historical ideal Moses." highly unscientific, emotional comments leave uncomfortable, Haggadah Passover recited centuries. In sense, backdrop Jewishness enveloped sorts nineteenth-century Jews—from believing Hasidim disbelieving Marxist Zionists. Quotations often fit explanation while missing. Jabotinsky's "Jewish blood" reaction assimilation. written June 1904 earliest articles question. Like other Russian intellectuals time, casting off earlier beliefs embracing positivism nationalism. here intellectual explorations identity during period expected pogroms. Moreover, generalizes frequently. He depicts Jabotinsky someone generally detested concession compromise. There numerous examples obduracy, why then did offer compromise Arabs of... | review | en | Deportation|Judaism|Hebrew|History|The Holocaust|Zionism|Mythology|Religious studies|Classics|Sociology|Law|Immigration|Philosophy|Political science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2013.0029 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2091081184', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2013.0029', 'mag': '2091081184'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>The Israelites in History and Tradition</i> (review) | Anson F. Rainey (https://openalex.org/A5041196633) | 2,001 | THE JEWISHQUARTERLYREVIEW,XCII, Nos. 1-2 (July-October, 2001) 250-254 NIELS PETERLEMCHE.The Israelites in History and Tradition. London: SPCK; Louisville, Kentucky:WestminsterJohn Knox Press, 1998. Pp. viii + 246. This monographis a confused exercise futility. I am amazed that it was published the "Libraryof Israel"series. The editor of series, Douglas A. Knight, writes on back flyleaf: Volumes Library Ancient Israel draw multiple disciplines -such as archaeology, anthropology, sociology, linguistics, literary criticism-to illumine everyday realities social subtleties these ancient culturesexperienced. None listed by Knightareutilized trulyprofessional level this book. A reviewer cited front flyleaf, RobertP. Carroll, says, "[Lemche's] account matteris first one to begin make sense whole Bible me."Johnvan Seters, quotedon backcover, claims thatLemche'sstudy "poses serious challenge currentmethodologies used historical andliterarystudy Old Testament." All accolades only serve underlinethe sad state biblical studies "postmodernist"climate, fact, gullibility mediocrity Testament scholarship at beginning 21st century. There is an aversion for difficultand analysis documents which requires intensive linguistic well philological training. But throughoutthe latter part 20th century, has seen how generalrunof Testamentpractitionerspreferthe easy way out. essence Lemche'srevisionist approachis expressed chapter 1, "Playing Ranke Game."Lemche demonstratesthat someone told him about emphasis Leopold von use primary sources reconstructionof history.Then Lemche dismisses source any primarysources. Therefore,he feels free reconstruct Israelitehistory accordancewith his own imagination(supposedly based anthropologicaldata). One needs be trained linguistics philology Near Easterntexts orderto recognize truly embeddedin HebrewBible. andhis revisionist colleagues do not demonstratethatability. problemis clearly demonstratedby Lemche'streatmentof non-biblical epigraphicsources chapter2. In vitiate testimony Merenptahstele, twists turns, citing such "Egyptological" authorityas Gosta W. Ahlstrom, who did know hieroglyphics. determinativeof socioethnic groupappliedto "Israel,"as found stele, distinguished people living tribalor village LEMCHE, ISRAELITESIN HISTORY AND TRADITION-RAINEY 251 level, opposed city states Ashkelon, Gezer Yano'am.Incidentally ,the lattertown Transjordanand shows thatthe campaignhad gone over there. It may stele encountered region adjacentto Yano'am if there geographic poem. Furthermore,Lemche content depend FrankYurco's interpretationof Merenptahreliefs Karnakto effect are depicted Canaanites.In Yurco, afterhis brilliantdetective work identifying authorof reliefs, committed series interpretative errorsleading determinationthat certain Canaanitesoldiers must equated with Merenptahstele (these have been treatedin detail: Rainey 1998a, 1999, 2000a 2001). ignores all views convenient interpretation. Mesha anothercase point. cites few references those deprecate or minimize weight inscriptionaltestimony . He embraces ridiculous suggestion David, but some fictitious deity namedDaudo (Na'aman 1997), mentionedin allusion "ariel David."Lemche's limited knowledge apparent when he insists thatDWDH phrasecannot personalname (plus possessive suffix). argument showing phrase means "his (Gad's)Davidic altarhearth"have elucidatedrecently (Rainey 1998b, 1998b). Na'aman (2001: 8) demonstratedonce again incapable understandingthe syntax stele. Tel Dan inscriptionis deprecatedby false arguments fragmentscome from two differenttexts rejectsthe allusions kings 9th century,viz. [Jeho]ram,king [Ahaza]iah, king "The House David." fragments come text reference above named kings. also clear, obvious the... | review | en | Israelites|Scholarship|Classics|Literature|Philology|Firth|New Testament|Textual criticism|History|Biblical criticism|Divinity|Old Testament|Philosophy|Parochialism|Literary criticism|Theology|Art|Sociology|Law|Gender studies|Oceanography|Feminism|Political science|Politics|Geology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2001.0008 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1984649473', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2001.0008', 'mag': '1984649473'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>The Jewish Graphic Novel: Critical Approaches</i> (review) | Barry Laga (https://openalex.org/A5007465089) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Jewish Graphic Novel: Critical Approaches Barry Laga Approaches, edited by Samantha Baskind and Ranen Omer-Sherman. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008. 292 pp. $49.95 (c); $28.95 (p). Defining the “Jewish graphic novel” as “an illustrative narrative produced a Jew that addresses subject or some aspect of experience” (p. xvi), editors Omer-Sherman celebrate “flourishing unbound imagination” ix) in Approaches. While presenting “focused illuminating discussions major trends, developments, figures intrinsic to xv) want “attract conceptual approaches were diverse works themselves” xvii). Admittedly, anthology goes long way towards accomplishing this goal. collection is organized thematically. Part One covers “The American Experience” several foundational issues, including Laurence Roth’s exploration “tension between abject pasts heroic futures” defines comic book 3), Jeremy Dauber’s acknowledgement Will Eisner, who shapes medium content sequential art, Josh Lambert’s tracing shift readership his chapter, “Wanna watch grown-ups doin’ dirty things?,” Roxanne Harde’s examination masculinity “‘Give ’em another circumcision’: Masculinities Golem’s Mighty Swing.” Two focuses on Holocaust across Borders,” these borders include Lisa Naomi Mulman’s discussion “mouse victim” 86) Spiegelman’s Maus well Horst Rosenthal’s Mickey Mouse Gurs Internment Camp. “When time stands still” Erin McGlothlin, frames work terms trauma, super-present, postmemory. Brad Prager’s contribution, without Ink,” explores Yossel: April 19, 1943 maintains Joe Kubert “addressing own absence memories” creating “lengthy personal What If? comic” 126). And like many memories described children survivors, Miriam Harris uncovers pain involved reconciling past with present future Bernice Eisenstein’s I Was Child Survivors. “Witness, Trauma, Remembrance” Cheryl Alexander Malcolm completes section examining “how underpins distrust uncertainty characterize X-Men books makes mutants metaphor for Jews” 144). third moves beyond United States celebrates created French Israeli artists writers. Paul Eisenstein considers problems rabbinic authority, doubt, heritage, certainty Joann Sfar’s Rabbi’s Cat. Marla adds [End Page 169] also discusses Klezmer: Tales Wild East, exploring how “borders border crossings—between Jews Muslims, Christians, humans animals, Africa Europe, author reader” 182) address complicate our notions cosmopolitanism. Ariel Kahn studies formation identity re-imagined Akeda Yirmi Pinkus’ Margolis Black Milk, Izik Rennert’s Speaking Devil, Rutu Modan’s Exit Wounds, Asaf Hanuka Etgar Keret’s Pizzeria Kamikaze. Alon Raab explains Eli Eshed, Uri Fink, Ilana Zeffren question mythic proportions key historic cultural events development “nation’s consciousness itself ” 230). final book, Novelists Their Own Words Pictures,” offers more focus interview Katin Libicki, whose story Memoir Goes Pow! Zap! Oy!” us history comics within frame “gonzo literary comics” 254). an appealing variety essays. have assembled provide insights biographical, historical, aesthetic dimensions novels. Analytical essays sit alongside two interviews, memoir, selections further reading, glossy color illustrations supplement black white images accompany each... | review | en | Judaism|Narrative|Jewish studies|Flourishing|The Holocaust|Art history|Comics|Jewish American literature|Jewish literature|Art|Subject (documents)|Queer|Jewish identity|Aesthetics|Haskalah|Literature|Sociology|Philosophy|Theology|Psychology|Computer science|Gender studies|Library science|Psychotherapist | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2011.0063 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050668346', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2011.0063', 'mag': '2050668346'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>The Jewish State: A Century Later</i> (review) | Gregory S. Mahler (https://openalex.org/A5089148608) | 2,000 | Book Reviews 127 The Jewish State: A Century Later, by Alan Dowty. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 337 pp. $35.00. title ofthis volume signals the scope and significance intended its author. In this very impressive work Dowty seeks to evaluate many assumptions Zionist movement ask questions relating how much Zionism has achieved in last century. Professor is a highly respected well established scholar field, book will no doubt contribute his reputation as one oftoday's most insightful scholars area inquiry. This that students Israeli history politics definitely want own. first sentence indicates both breadth direct approach author uses throughout volume: "Can state be democratic?" addresses wide range ofweighty profound issues head-on study, doing so leaves us position better appreciate Israel really five decades independence. After addressing meaning Jewishness, obstacles democracy, kind democracy found Israel, examine whether there any continuity between shtetl modem State what he refers "Jewish political habits" (p. 19). common experiences Eastern Europe elsewhere provided foundation for institutions are examined, we shown why traditions inclined toward consociational, rather than majoritarian democracy. does, course, have behavior contemporary state. itself theoretically central Dowty's defmitive work. He tells "Israel, more almost other state, result an idea imposed on reality ... would not come into existence without strength beliefs moved their adherents create new realities" 34). explaining importance ofideology demonstrating value ofperce,iving ofnationalism, see some ofthe ways which held constant roots, it changed response challenges times. Some early worked remained; others adapted. Certainly arose during Mandate period could destroyed was too rigid. shows how, with evolution, leaders were able transform abstract visions calls "civic state," development State's years continued reflect "Jewish" nature politics. It must recognized, ofcourse, had luxury ofdeveloping evolving entirely positive environment, "the filter security" affected evolution ideology institutions. Security defense concerns traditionally 128 SHOFAR Summer 2000 Vol. 18, No.4 weighed against desires civil liberties enable survive. has, shown, resulted certain erosion ofpure ideology, Israel's now-famous pragmatism helped modify ideological preferences. secondpart ProfessorDowty number ofsignificant marveling democratic government survived at all. certainly experiencing significant potential actual lines social cleavage, here these major cleavages developed where vulnerable fault-lines are. Tradition, ethnic origin, degree ofreligious orthodoxy, ofother could, each, serve basis war another setting. all ofthese faultlines significant, still survives. gaps groups real. are, indeed, cross-cutting, individuals who may disagree sharply issue allies another. us, however, strong sense Jewishness seems overcome subgroup identities contexts... | review | en | Judaism|Politics|Democracy|Jewish state|Zionism|Meaning (existential)|State (computer science)|Jewish history|Law|Classics|Sociology|History|Political science|Jewish studies|Philosophy|Theology|Epistemology|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0112 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1995996237', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2000.0112', 'mag': '1995996237'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>The Jews as a Chosen People: Tradition and Transformation</i> (review) | Paul E. Nahme (https://openalex.org/A5005418421) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Jews as a Chosen People: Tradition and Transformation Paul E. Nahme Transformation. By S. Leyla Gürkan. Routledge Jewish Studies Series. London New York: Routledge, 2009. Pp. xiv + 246. Gürkan’s is bold attempt to trace the concept of election Israel from its Biblical early Rabbinic development modern post-holocaust periods. Written history an idea, common thread tying work together account analysis how this single, sometimes thorny, question “chosenness” has animated conceptions identity throughout history. author’s focus on idea serves motivation describe “the chosenness . raison d’être religion well people” (p. 1). author describes “what makes Judaism what it is” matter “self-definition in every period” despite transformation 3). Gürkan organizes her book three different movements self-defining: or “election” transitions ‘holiness’ ‘mission’ then ‘survival.’ These ‘thematic’ moments are correlated following historical periods: antiquity, modern, post-holocaust. As “overlap thematic perspectives” seeks elaborate “idea” these contexts (ibid.). offers concise one most intriguing concepts study Judaism. narrative begins with development, but also provides extra-canonical context. Philo Qumran texts juxtaposed situate distinctive “particularism” chosen people alongside implicit counterparts, whether Hellenistic, Stoic, Christian. She surveys [End Page 139] Midrashic parallels draw conclusion period that “idea cosmic election, which takes Israel’s creation, therefore holiness distinctiveness, time prior creation world, suggests way eternal unconditional form chosenness” 38). “eternality” according author, becomes core rabbis. “cosmic election,” theological speculative theory texts, origin election. first theme “election holiness” condition later themes election—as “mission” “survival.” For Gürkan, continuity always “distinctiveness” “eternality.” “Holiness” source lynchpin for subsequent considerations. That is, described non-theological associated ideas elevation, particularism, distinctness. This distinctness, between nations, stems textual tradition declared particular relationship God was sanctified by rabbis themselves. Consequently, assumes “holiness” interchangeable self-descriptions “particularity” people. From period, draws created distinct preservation, where “overruling principle new built absence national- political independence” 43). In independence, “self-definition” preserves considers preservation distinction. It distinction explains turn directly modernity ensuing sections, precisely, I believe, because conception “identity.” represents Spinoza Mendelssohn. Distinctively philosophical exponents they identify “tradition,” both thinkers provide no longer particularity. now concerns polity: Jewish... | review | en | Judaism|The Holocaust|Jewish identity|Literature|Identity (music)|Sociology|History|Religious studies|Philosophy|Aesthetics|Theology|Art | https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2012.0004 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079450366', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2012.0004', 'mag': '2079450366'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Philosophy East and West |
<i>The Law of Occupation: Continuity and Change of International Humanitarian Law, and its Interaction with International Human Rights Law</i> (review) | Noam Lubell (https://openalex.org/A5060209501) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Law of Occupation: Continuity and Change International Humanitarian Law, its Interaction with Human Rights Noam Lubell (bio) Yutaka Arai-Takahashi, (Leiden, Brill, 2009), 760 pages ISBN 978 90 04 16246 4. first line the preface informs reader that this book is result over six years research and, indeed, wealth information wide scope material analyzed most certainly reflect a significant endeavor. Essentially, Arai-Takahashi has written comprehensive analysis law occupation in recent times. While also providing historical overview on development laws, raises many modern dilemmas occupation, such as role United Nations Security Council what are sometimes known “transformative occupations.” In addition to chapters devoted directly includes substantive areas which, while tied into matters within realm under international humanitarian law, go beyond sphere. This can be seen extraterritorial applicability human rights relationship between latter law. welcome approach incorporates engages manner range issues must addressed order [End Page 249] grasp complexities current debates occurring relation laws applicable situations occupation. covers extensive ground area rules, for which there widespread—though perhaps not unanimous—support being an rife disagreement varying interpretations exist multitude issues, becomes apparent chapter book. opening application deals topics, control territory, commencement termination different categories amongst other topics. chapter’s section effective presents where criterion required by Article 42 Hague Regulations should applied overly restrictive manner. widely held need reflection when contrasted notion context determining obligations occupied difficulty recognised discussion toward end Chapter 21 contrast highlighted cases, five applicants UK Al-Skeini case, might read endorsing according may situation occupation—thereby accepting test met—in threshold applying reached certain circumstances. If two notions provide results disparate, accept wider than currently reflected practice occupying states. Even greater disagreements have surfaced regarding specifically Gaza Strip. notes possibility comes following withdrawal. informative circumstances (or not) ended newly elected government assumes consents troops remaining using Iraq Afghanistan prime examples. Presently, heated debate whether or considered territory. Many positions seem stem from policy oriented starting point then leads partial reliance Those who prefer declare rest their argument withdrawal permanent settlers area, and... | review | en | Law|Human rights|International law|Political science|Municipal law|International humanitarian law|Comparative law|Sociology | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2011.0004 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2011921595', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2011.0004', 'mag': '2011921595'} | Gaza|Gaza Strip|Iraq | C144024400|C169437150|C2778573023 | Human rights|International humanitarian law|Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>The Left at War</i> (review) | Norman Markowitz (https://openalex.org/A5065564390) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: The Left at War Norman Markowitz War. By Michael Berube. New York: York University Press. 2009. As someone who respects Berube's work, I found this work to be both a sad and bad book. [End Page 150] Sad because it reflects left that has largely accepted self-segregation hip version of what Herbert Marcuse called repressive tolerance—a without commitment replacing capitalism with socialism. Bad, Berube engaged in call "Billy the Kid" scholarship, shooting down or case putting others no sense history as affects real politics culture. It is if his subjects live world Young Hegelians Karl Marx parted company 1840s—a where criticism becomes an end itself theoretical debates grow more heated they become less relevant political economy social struggle—a of, by for abstractions. First, surfs internet confront wide variety academic popular critics Iraq He then looks concerning cultural theory Britain, defending Stuart Hall from contemporary critics. Finally, he deals rejects criticisms studies field, ends praise "equality freedom." old parody goes, "love me, love I'm liberal." little interest history; see him repeating it, is, searching "vital center," "democratic left" post cold war world. Instead definitions connections, assertions kind Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. made against those regarded pro Communist liberals late 1940s course Hannah Arendt reached Origins Totalitarianism. straw targets are "Manichean Left," Schlesinger's "tender-minded" yesteryear. If were rewrite book, might ask himself these questions. Where parties left, e.g., Party USA, Democratic Socialists America (DSA) groups like Committees Correspondence (COC) don't exist work? academics Stanley Aronowitz, have long connected practice university world, either totally ignored Aronowitz's mentioned only comments on wife, Ellen Willis (who significant narrative)? long-term effects induced repression U.S. universities media, corporatization public recent decades, liberal consensus developed into Reagan-Bush hegemony politics? For Berube, Margaret Thatcher exists Hall's analysis her. Ronald Reagan invisible, Bush-Cheney flip side Left." Relating culture can enormously valuable when connections development policy within context clear framework. Sadly, not written such which would increased respect among humanists scientists. 151] Rutgers University, Brunswick, NJ Copyright © 2011 Mid-America American Studies Association | review | en | Praise|New Left|Politics|Criticism|Scholarship|Sociology|Capitalism|Socialism|Media studies|Law|Political science|Literature|Art|Communism | https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2010.0085 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1983298760', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2010.0085', 'mag': '1983298760'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | American Studies |
<i>The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East</i> (review) | Zouhair Ghazzal (https://openalex.org/A5073509158) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East Zouhair Ghazzal East. By Timur Kuran. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2011. 405 pp. $29.95 (cloth). Even though Kuran is overall convincing at laying out arguments on backwardness of practices regarding partnerships, corporations, banks, loans with interest, waqfs (mortmain properties blocked from circulation), and contracts in general, he seems less explicating why societies were held back competition Europe Ages up to modern times. Indeed, his main assumption that it was law economy escapes problem rather than points its cause a way. Legal systems general are more an outcome social conditions, major force would bring relations developed level. In other words, history shows whenever "behind" practices, whether cultural or economic, they tend be addressed sooner later. A case point, which explains length, ban interest both Jews Christians had abide by early European Ages, instances bypassed because socioeconomic conditions time. times, legal struggle order match economic developments. Witness how American common battle, since nineteenth century, formative period, issues like private property, contracts, corporation, slavery, rights minorities women, abortion, gay lesbian rights, become congruent nascent capitalism mores It therefore quite obvious for any society civilization, every historical juncture, totality relations, mode production, last stance what impacts politics law. There times when falls behind evolution could attributed anything weakness state, nature reasoning itself, instance, need complete overhaul constantly delayed, lack adequate resources political reasons. However, addresses over millennium, long period absurd, as does, blame solely law, suggested book's subtitle various chapters. goes without saying, however, there "divergence"—and wide one matter—between economies their Western counterparts; Mediterranean between West, point such divergence. [End Page 422] shares blame, symptom much broader deeper problem, culprit. Kuran's demonstration often questions reasons did not push "communities" subcommunities tailoring own needs aspirations. if proves be, indeed, culprit, prima causa, Eastern societies, hasn't been resistance rule? Or why, vast empires Umayyads Abbasids Ottomans, no challenges posed limitations partnership, inheritance, waqfs? Why loan institutions, public debt banking services have emerged even rebellious peripheries? it, far concerned, significant changes noted Shi'i Sunni sects? group, subgroup, community, subcommunity broke rules establish aggressive practices? assumes that, first, reached level maturity comprehensiveness so rule possible defections part groups communities, urban regional: "On face presumed... | review | en | Islam|Middle East|Usury|Law|Witness|Sharia|Battle|Competition (biology)|Middle class|History|Political science|Economic history|Sociology|Ancient history|Archaeology|Ecology|Biology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0047 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2000093329', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2012.0047', 'mag': '2000093329'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Minsk Ghetto, 1941-1943: Jewish Resistance and Soviet Internationalism</i> (review) | Seán Martin (https://openalex.org/A5051888019) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Minsk Ghetto, 1941-1943: Jewish Resistance and Soviet Internationalism Sean Martin Internationalism. By Barbara Epstein. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 376 pp. $39.95 (cloth). In Internationalism, Epstein bravely takes on the very complicated task telling story resistance in Minsk, a that has been overshadowed by different stories ghetto other cities, especially Warsaw. Unlike Warsaw, which culminated armed revolt April 1943, aimed to transport Jews out into nearby forest, where they could join partisan units who were willing let them fight or protect if not capable fighting. This was based largely ties between Byelorussians, making Epstein's important one for understanding interethnic relationships Byelorussia. explains emphasis solidarity two groups fighters stemmed from egalitarian ideals Communist leadership, younger generation Byelorussians had already exposed more than decades. also why postwar leadership betrayed leaders after war, arresting imprisoning refusing recognize their activities officially many years. Her comprehensive account underground non-Jews makes compelling reading. tells this basis archival sources available Byelorussia Israel, published accounts ghetto, extensive interviews with surviving family members. Most work is straightforward what happened, how became involved, actually did take forest. Established July 19, 1941, eventually came include an estimated hundred thousand Jews, including towns outside Germany (p. 90). After series pogroms, about twelve left 1942 144). offers remarkable Byelorussian responses Nazi persecution. For example, went leader Judenrat made specific demands clothing medicines; shocked learn he only too oblige, because working as well 121). She brings light little-known women like Sarah Goland, organized [End Page 207] trips Chasya Pruslina, liaison Party refused use her non-Jewish name when she compelled uphold legacy amid official denials. These individuals worked closely sympathetic Byelorussians. Outlining development underground, details formation City Committee, noting often reluctance organize formally expectation recognized body would emerge. That never happened. Indeed, occurred Pravda 1941. According fabricated promulgated P. K. Ponomarenko, chief staff Partisan Movement during evacuation so no behind resist. article claimed "everyone wanted leave able do so" 248). Thus, presence war proof abandoned desire talk be countenanced. Underground experience significant failures first spring 1942. German authorities arrested number leaders, some whom provided names, leading wave arrests. A second Committee formed but fell victim wave... | review | en | Internationalism (politics)|Judaism|Resistance (ecology)|Solidarity|Communism|Political science|Religious studies|Sociology|Economic history|Law|History|Theology|Politics|Philosophy|Ecology|Biology | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0023 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1989862973', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0023', 'mag': '1989862973'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Muse Learns to Write: Reflections on Orality and Literacy from Antiquity to the Present</i> (review) | Elizabeth A. Duke (https://openalex.org/A5007454620) | 1,990 | 404Philosophy and Literature iniscent of die interlocutor's laughter at end TL· Fall. Thus Sprintzen has last word, accusing Camus ofan inabUity to estabUsh a creative cultural political praxis. This accusation, however, rings rather hoUow today as the trade unionism "Solidarity" triumphs in Poland, slave stands face master from Germany Romania, man refuses once again denigration his own world's nature status materialistic historical products, Camus's words resound throughout Europe. Whitman CollegeDale Cosper Muse Learns Write: Reflections on Orality Literacy Antiquity tL· Present, by Eric A. Havelock; ix & 144 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, $16.00. The Greek Muse, daughter memory, meets us first poetry. Only later graduaUy does prose become her principal medium. Havelock traces this fundamental revolution human history; alphabet altered thought. written much impact alphabetic literacy. Write, which summarizes life's work its chapter, is apologia. sets within major developments history thought, castigates unreceptive classical scholars. argument runs dius: society before 700 bc was totaUy oral. An oral transmits values customs memorable form, particularly rhythmic speech, Homeric poems are "an 'encyclopaedia' social habit custom-law convention constituted tradition time when were composed" (p. 58). Greeks rightly called Homer an educator. differed kind any preceding script, because it analyzed utterance into basic elements, giving each sign; could represent sounds widi minimal ambiguity, but simple enough for widespread use. enabled be preserved, revisited, reconsidered. It caused transition oral, narrative, personifying expression propositional language. Phüosophy depends writing. "literate revolution" gradual. "literature" Euripides essentiaUy When writing became norm, so did prose. importance these contentions undeniable. Reviews405 argues diat literature three centuries literacy (7th-5th) still designed hearer (pp. 87-90). tension between creates quality "high" literature. resUience similarly exemplified cultures such diose Polynesia , nonliterate until relatively recent European contact. These not exacdy paraUel with Greece (Havelock, 86-87), developed diemselves, dominant foreigners. Yet Maori Zealand, after over 150 years literate culture, retained thought expression. Deeper comparison orality would exciting. Havelock's that Homer's encydopaedic compendium behavior accords Plato otiiers, doesn't fit Homer. For wealth information incomparable; encyclopaedia he unusable. Consider religion: should one build temples gods? Chryses roofed shrines Apollo (Iliad 1.39); Adiene temple Troy 6.297-98); general gods do widiout. How learn right diing Homer? describe partial world; agriculture only slighdy mentioned. More seriously, ignores long evolution poems, incorporate many stages society. In warfare, they include chariots chariot tactics, have nodiing say use ofcavalry, little heavy infantry; armies useful? Emphasizing unique efficiency simplicity perhaps unfair Semitic scripts. They more ambiguous, suitable reasonably predictable material 91-92). Is every Israeli newspaper stereotyped? Old Testament shows "a steady tendency economize simplify both action" 91); compares creation account Genesis 1 "cosmic geography" Hesiod. But far lush Hebrew cosmic geography emerges Psalms and... | review | en | Orality|Literature|Poetry|Politics|Literacy|Art|Philosophy|History|Classics|Theology|Sociology|Law|Pedagogy|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1990.0007 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1979299483', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/phl.1990.0007', 'mag': '1979299483'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Philosophy and Literature |
<i>The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics</i> (review) | Ewa Dąbrowska (https://openalex.org/A5001897767) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics Ewa Dąbrowska linguistics. Ed. by Dirk Geeraerts and Hubert Cuyckens. Oxford: University Press, 2007. Pp. 1,334. ISBN 9780195143782. $150 (Hb). Cognitive began to emerge as a new approach the study language in late 1970s has expanded very rapidly since then, now boasting community scholars at least 2,500 strong, host national international associations, several journals book series devoted mostly or exclusively linguistic research—and, course, large number publications more general venues. With an ever-greater postgraduate programs entirely this type research growing interest from related disciplines, time is ripe for that provides comprehensive survey areas could serve guide novice reference work established scholar. Cuyckens are especially qualified edit such volume, both having published widely core well playing important institutional roles (Geeraerts former president International Linguistics Association founding editor Linguistics; ICLA board member). Handbook consists introductory chapter editors followed forty-eight topical chapters divided into six parts. Part 1, 'Basic concepts', introduces reader processes structures thought constitute conceptual underpinnings language. Some deal with constructs owe their existence linguists: construal perspectivization (ARIE VERHAGEN), mental spaces (GILLES FAUCONNIER), integration (MARK TURNER), force dynamics (WALTER DE MULDER), embodiment experientialism (TIM ROHRER). Other topics covered part, while not unique linguistics, have been redefined developed distinctive ways. These include schematicity (DAVID TUGGY), entrenchment, salience, basic levels (HANS-JÖRG SCHMID), frames, idealized models, domains (ALAN CIENKI), image schemas (TODD OAKLEY), attention phenomena (LEONARD TALMY). There also five specific enquiry: spatial semantics (JORDAN ZLATEV), polysemy, prototypes, radial categories (BARBARA LEWANDOWSKA-TOMASZCZYK), iconicity (WILLY VAN LANGENDONCK), metaphor (JOSEPH E. GRADY), metonymy (KLAUS-UWE PANTHER LINDA L. THORNBURG); these included among other 'basic concepts' because key role they played virtually every area research. 2, 'Models grammar', contains overviews three most fully theoretical frameworks within linguistics: grammar (RONALD W. LANGACKER), word (RICHARD HUDSON), varieties construction (WILLIAM CROFT). next 'Situating linguistics', discussions early antecedents brief history field its relationship broad (BRIGITTE NERLICH DAVID D. CLARKE), functional (JAN NUYTS), autonomous (i.e. formalist) (JOHN R. TAYLOR). While acknowledging differences between frameworks, authors emphasize common themes concerns, convergence. 4, 'Linguistic structure use', four corresponding traditionally defined subfields namely phonology (GEOFF NATHAN), inflectional morphology (LAURA JANDA), formation (FRIEDRICH UNGERER), discourse text (TED SANDERS WILBERT SPOOREN). remaining contributions topics: nominal classification (GUNTER SENFT), complementation (MICHEL ACHARD), clause transitivity (JOSÉ M. GARCÍA-MIGUEL), grammatical voice (RICARDO MALDONADO), modality (TANJA MORTELMANS), tense aspect (RONNY BOOGAART THEO JANSSEN), adpositions (SOTERIA SVOROU), pronominal anaphora (KAREN HOEK), idioms formulaic (RAYMOND GIBBS). This part does cover all... | review | en | Cognitive linguistics|Applied linguistics|Cognition|Linguistics|Cognitive science|Editorial board|Psychology|Sociology|Library science|Computer science|Philosophy|Neuroscience | https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0135 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2127896435', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0135', 'mag': '2127896435'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Language |
<i>The Phenomenon of Torture Readings and Commentary</i>, and: <i>Torture and Democracy</i> (review) | Maya Sabatello (https://openalex.org/A5044867376) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: The Phenomenon of Torture Readings and Commentary, and: Democracy Maya Sabatello (bio) Commentary (William F. Schulz ed., Philadelphia, Penn.: University Pennsylvania Press, 2007) 389 pages ISBN 978-0-8122-1982-1 (paper); Darius Rejali, (New Jersey: Princeton 849 987-0-691-11422-4 (hard cover). is not a new phenomenon. On the contrary, it one oldest practices has existed throughout history. Still, revelation cases torture abuse in Abu Ghraib, Afghanistan, elsewhere context War on Terror came to many as surprise. While authoritarian regimes or failed states may be anticipated, democracies we believed rules were different. An array international national legal provisions that prohibit practice further evidence these values. Surprisingly, contemporary debate seems have attained credibility. now perceived by some legitimate practice, even individuals scholars who otherwise value human rights rule law. This reality begs an questions: To what extent do democracy really stand opposition another? Is persistence rooted “bad nature” beings, norm itself perhaps unachievable? absolute prohibition, often articulated advocates, there place for exceptions? If is, should regulated, whom? at all possible? And any case, best way combat terrorism (or other war), price? There real demand, [End Page 282] then, only revisit questions about morality efficacy torture, but also more generally, democracies. Two books aim just that: Torture: edited William Democracy, Rejali. Both written experts field bring into discussion their own personal professional experience. established advocate US former Executive Director Amnesty International USA, leading organization efforts eradicate worldwide. Rejali scholar dedicated his career examination issue extensively researching Iran, devoted this book no less than twelve years research.1 His “intimate relation” he puts Preface book, gives additional force. A descendant Iranian royal autocrats never hesitated use protect life passionate courageous anti-war activist,2 position him unique cultural political intersection appreciate—and criticize—the In addition, both ultimately educating public, highlighting danger trivialization illustrating large scale implications society large. Incorporating sources from various disciplines origin, each examines numerous countries around world exhibit multi-faceted character issue. Torture, they emphasize, does require high-tech capabilities. contrary: low-tech, learned career, and, clearly shows, modern much with simple, day-to-day tools cutting edge gadgetry. overall result provide public wake up call social individual responsibility occurrence compilation excerpts taken articles philosophers, theorists, scholars, psychologists, victims others, experiences across world. It opens captivating foreword Juan E. Mendez, Special Advisor United Nations Secretary... | review | en | Torture|Democracy|Human rights|Law|Phenomenon|Political science|Criminology|Sociology|Politics|Philosophy|Epistemology | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0065 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2012817941', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0065', 'mag': '2012817941'} | Iran | C144024400|C169437150 | Human rights|Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>The Plantation School</i> (review) | Charles Vincent (https://openalex.org/A5006759461) | 1,976 | BOOK REVIEWS367 the voting record of his subjects. However, Vincent rarely even mentions number votes cast for and against various pieces legislation, much less makes an attempt at identifying patterns by blacks whites, free freedmen, other legislative groupings, which may have provided insights into political culture Reconstruction Louisiana. Lacking analytical tools to analyze black legislators, tends treat these individuals as a unified group when in fact he presents significant body impressionistic evidence that suggests otherwise. In sum, Black Legislators Louisiana provides detailed, factual account work state legislators this most interesting states. Yet be produced, however, is adequate analysis Byzantine manueverings marked, marred, Republicans, both white, during era Reconstruction. William Messner Keystone College The Phntation School. By Anthony Gerald Albanese. (New York, Washington, Atlanta, Hollywood: Vantage Press, 1976. Pp. 285. $6.95.) "The purpose plantation school was singular: insure dominance ruling class economic system dependent on slave labor," writes Professor G. It did two ways: first, it equipped with just enough knowledge perform elemental functions agrarian society's laboring class; secondly, encouraged slaves incorporate within themselves prevailing ideology their deprived status. respect, "the success." These are some findings School, book examines plantation's role educative agency whites Sea Islands Georgia South Carolina from 1800 until 1861. organized four chapters short introduction conclusion. Chapter I, "Phillips Plantation School," subdivided sections Phillips, Stampp Elkins . Regrettably, there no comments Blassingame's Slave Community, Genovese's Roll, Jordan nor Cliometricians. U. B. Phillips offers suggestive insights, according Albanese, but fails adequately explore topic because white supremacist views. Stampp's Peculiar Institution others recognized Phillips' underlying racism were 368CIVIL WAR HISTORY unable revise " 'classic' portrayal paternal planter presiding over carefree, submissive irresponsible slaves." Elkins' controversial Shvery explanation "Sambo" personality stereotype tracing "infantilizing tendencies absolute power" masters slaves. "Crosscurrent Thoughts" title II, includes section Abolitionist View, pro-plantation views "Pro-Slavery Argument." "A School Masters," Slaves," Port Royal Experiment" titles Chapters III, IV V respectively. Albanese's impact sections. One deplorable effects "was prevented education masses" (p. 99). Illiteracy widespread. its environment made planters more authoritarian violent, only wealthy receiving limited education. A lack appreciation scholarship characterized entire system. oppressive laws prohibited being educated. Moreover, author maintains "plantation cultivated character primarily through three agencies: overseers, family, religious training." whose approximated educational administrator, personification man's authority how used determined relationship between two" 147). family weak. Unfortunately, probably correct asserting viewed indifference. But comment "widespread promiscuity existed among not documented. He further states father had "no social significance" then reports, again scant documentation, "repeated stories" of... | review | en | Voting|Politics|Ideology|Agrarian society|Legislation|Legislature|State (computer science)|Dominance (genetics)|White (mutation)|Law|State legislature|History|Political science|Sociology|Archaeology|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Algorithm|Computer science|Gene|Agriculture | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1976.0046 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2004434364', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1976.0046', 'mag': '2004434364'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>The Poetics of Manhood: Contest and Identity in a Cretan Mountain Village</i> (review) | William G. Lockwood (https://openalex.org/A5088424017) | 1,986 | Reviews 167 ment of how a particular politician or soldier saw things at given moment. The immense and well-ordered British archives can exercise an almost seductive effect upon the historian, who is allowed to share so many secrets that he may easily think whole story there. Papastratis does not fall into this trap. He make use other sources, bibliography full up-to-date. I have noted only few minor inaccuracies. Admiral in charge Alexandria 1944 was Sir John H. D. Cunningham, Andrew his more illustrious predecessor, had by then become First Sea Lord London. Papastratis' book must be considered essential reading for serious student Greek wartime history. Lars Baerentzen University Copenhagen Michael Herzfeld, Poetics Manhood: Contest Identity Cretan Mountain Village, Princeton: Princeton Press, 1985. Pp. 313. $37.50. My first encounter with project which result came when sat as anthropologist member grant awarding committee author submitted us request support fieldwork. already familiar Herzfeld's earlier work surprised quality promise proposal . But amazed learn political scientist, linguist, economist, et al, constituted rest were equally impressed. Each independently ranked it highest very large group applicants. Such unanimity totally unprecedented. project-jovially referred our discussion "the semiotics sheep stealing"—received maximum assistance we empowered award. It gives me great pleasure —and greater confidence award granting abilities than hitherto held—to now read final product find evaluation confirmed. study stealing," but also much, much more. In author's words, about Glendiots (the pseudonym villagers on based) 168 "find meaning their lives" (p. xv) or, elsewhere, poetics being true Glendiot man" 46). More precisely, Herzfeld explores number dichotomies tensions among give lives: agnatic vs. cognatic kinship , individual collective consciousness, herding agriculture, village national concerns, private public space, male female domains, mountainside (aori) home, identity, oil-cooked stolen meat, and, inevitably, nature culture. should surprise reader most these turn out different manifestations same one. data consist primarily certain set "rhetorical strategies," including animal theft, blood feud, card games, bride abduction, hospitality, song dueling coffeehouse one-upman -ship. These strategies are filled paradoxes: "good patriots, rebellious citizens," they equate state Turkish enemy, perhaps principal paradox, steal from one another order establish friendships (by proving way worthy friend, "true man"). style presentation largely anecdotal, leaving tell own tales. time highly analytical. This ideas, those Glendiots, well references. seem glance, because anecdotal style, quick read. tales derring-do indeed fascinating. sophisticated analysis accompanies them requires deserves careful attention keep various relationships straight arguments mind. key concept both life simasia, closely translated "meaning." word described "an essentially poetic notion," recognized action rather lexicographical abstraction. Thus, themselves produced preoccupied questions meaning. For reader, is... | review | en | CONTEST|Poetics|Identity (music)|Politics|Classics|History|Reading (process)|George (robot)|Art|Art history|Media studies|Humanities|Literature|Law|Poetry|Sociology|Political science|Aesthetics | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0019 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2102767929', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0019', 'mag': '2102767929'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>The Power of Representation: Publics, Peasants, and Islam in Egypt</i> (review) | Will Hanley (https://openalex.org/A5076465160) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Power of Representation: Publics, Peasants, and Islam in Egypt Will Hanley Egypt. By Michael Ezekiel Gasper. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2009. 312 pp. $55.00 (cloth). This is a book about imaginary peasants. At the end nineteenth century, literate, middle-class Egyptians known as effendis [End Page 405] wrote lot countryside, agriculture, agriculturalists. In this revised dissertation, Gasper examines bushels books articles produced by these men between 1870s second decade twentieth century. Nation making was central topic effendi writing, previous studies have considered its political, religious, intellectual dimensions. More recently, scholars such Beth Baron Lisa Pollard devoted considerable attention to place women national nation-making projects effendis. extends range subjects embraced effendi-centered studies. He covers neglected corner literature gathering diverse references peasants into narrative that shows ways spoke about, as, successfully demonstrates cast countryside key rhetorical role their urban political project, but his study does little expand or modify received understandings Egyptian history general, identity formation subject particular. structured chronologically. assigns character each he studies, giving clear sense change over time. During 1880s (chapter 2), were depicted an unchanging unchangeable mass, utterly distinct from elites. 1890s (chapters 3 4), became persons interest broader effort remake modern mold. first century 5), argues, writers joined own identities with those peasant figures they depicted. decade, represented united single, collective identity: Egyptian. draws on reformist Islamic thought identify spectrum attitudes (neglect-moderation-excess) organized writing during all three periods. book’s chief value lies collection agricultural work. Some quite colorful; Gasper’s treatment impersonations voices particularly engaging. Another valuable part reflections vocabulary change. His broad reading Arabic press decades reveals significant changes use terms watan, milla, fallah, ahl, jins (pp. 81, 119, 160 –161, 181–182, 206). These details deserve concerted right. same true institutions education, which gives glimpses chapter 4. While adds voice host others (Timothy Mitchell, David Scott) who show convincingly scientific agriculture nation-building discourse, it would be 406] useful learn more specifics teachers, students, pedagogy, curriculum Giza Agricultural School. Although production editing (by rapidly establishing itself top publisher Middle East studies) generally good, there are number errors transliteration. Much trifling; for example, apostrophe used indicate initial ‘ayn consistently backwards certain words (e.g., Mehmet ‘Ali). significantly, lengthy discussion term “cultivator” 160–165) word misspelled muzar‘i (rather than muzari‘) again. (Elsewhere, 212 265, spelled correctly.) suffers genre trouble: work traditional, elite-focused cultural/intellectual wants revisionist, peasant-focused social/material history. sources “might not provide objective information state countryside” (p. 34), never wholly abandons aspiration talk real The... | review | en | Islam|The Imaginary|Politics|Power (physics)|Narrative|Representation (politics)|History|Rhetorical question|Elite|Sociology|Media studies|Classics|Religious studies|Literature|Political science|Law|Art|Philosophy|Archaeology|Physics|Quantum mechanics|Psychology|Psychotherapist | https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0045 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2156344677', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2011.0045', 'mag': '2156344677'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of World History |
<i>The Regal Theater and Black Culture</i> (review) | Rena Fraden (https://openalex.org/A5047444624) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: The Regal Theater and Black Culture Rena Fraden Clovis E. Semmes. Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Pp. 294. $69.95. Semmes, the author of Culture, is a sociologist by training. His other publications include Cultural Hegemony African American Development; Racism, Health, Post-Industrialism: A Theory African-American Health; Roots Afrocentric Thought: Reference Guide to Negro Digest/Black World, 1961–1976. frame for his work on culture in particular version Afrocentrism which he assumes pure strain racial then traces out its appropriation what calls “hegemonic culture”—in this case racialized white culture. W. B. Du Bois’s famous statement that theater ought be created “of, by, for, near” blacks thus benchmark Semmes judges value cultural enterprise. was black community, located within patronized but not altogether controlled blacks. And therein lies rub race critics. Can such enterprise exist? Spanning years 1928 1968, Theater’s history provides Professor with great historical test about limits ownership society where “urbanization ghettoization [are] … most important socializing forces Americans” (2). To connect these histories—the aesthetic sociological—makes rich complex history. claims Theater, opened 4 February at 4719 South Parkway, currently Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, “was greatest movie-stage-show venue United States ever constructed specifically service major community” (1). part whole neighborhood complex, successful Forty-seventh Street business district, owned group businessmen who saw an opportunity establish businesses catering burgeoning community Chicago’s Side. Chicago had tradition palaces were built neighborhoods Engelstein brothers, businessmen, decided locate only theater, also grand dance hall, Savoy Ballroom, department store, Center Department Store, fringe growing [End Page 231] neighborhood. There lot “firsts” attending new complex. It first store country employ as sales personnel. hire ushers. it lavishly community. itself grand. could seat three thousand, almost twice number Apollo Harlem. lobby 160 feet tall accommodate fifteen hundred people one time. marble floors, silks from Orient, chandeliers Belgium, Moroccan leather-covered seats (3). employed choreographer, housed organ, own chorus line, sixty-five front-house four stage shows daily first-run movie accompanied each show. prices cheap (for adults children, respectively: thirty cents/fifteen cents matinees; fifty/twenty evenings; sixty-five/twenty-five Saturday, Sunday, holidays), audiences mixed, poor better off (4). exhaustively lists performers live shows. From Duke Ellington Aretha Franklin, acclaimed talent played Regal. As local institution, especially earlier years, many Chicago-based artists, because audience black, “contributed maintenance authentic performers, or non-Black, meet demands norms audiences” (8). But how tastes influenced movements cannot solely described black. Influenced technology means distribution, particular, records radio, shifted whites over forty- year... | review | en | White (mutation)|Appropriation|Popular culture|Racism|Hegemony|Sociology|Dominant culture|Gender studies|Aesthetics|Art history|Art|History|Media studies|Politics|Political science|Law|Philosophy|Biochemistry|Chemistry|Linguistics|Gene | https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0009 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079650017', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0009', 'mag': '2079650017'} | Morocco | C144024400 | Sociology | Comparative Drama |
<i>The Relationship of Orthodox Jews with Jews of Other Religious Ideologies and Non-Believing Jews</i> (review) | Rabbi Clifford E. Librach (https://openalex.org/A5001542261) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Relationship of Orthodox Jews with Other Religious Ideologies and Non-Believing Rabbi Clifford E. Librach Jews, edited by Adam Mintz. Jersey City, KTAV, 2010. 392 pp. $30.00. Until the last decades twentieth century, otherwise vast majority American Jewish population winced shame as they smugly tolerated [End Page 175] Judaism. Community functions, including Center Federation-sponsored events, accommodated participation telltale fruit plates "TV-style" dinners. Like famous (and popular) attitude Israel's David Ben-Gurion, position mainstream (Conservative, Reform, unaffiliated any movement), was that Orthodoxy should be a cultural atavism, sure to wither under exposure sunshine modernity. They—Ben-Gurion Jews—were wrong. Today Judaism, its many varied hats alignments, is small but not peripheral. It has mastered assimilationist lure diaspora found voice—now self-confidently positioned ask how it can relate melting mass community "secular" (a misleading term) Israel. In ways, tables have turned, erstwhile smugness now wears kippah, if streimel. ironically non-Orthodox Judaisms wonder survive siren song (post) And Orthodoxy, in U.S. Israel, itself fractured into fascinating universe fragmented at time competing power centers systems rabbinic authority, denying each other what always been their weapon dismissal directed alternatives: namely, authenticity. Modern once signal achievement flagship center learning Yeshiva University, struggles children question accommodation secular integrationist life style parents. They are being successfully challenged from right, were. This no mere curiosity, deeply ironic denouement. Schisms, movements, schools scholars—all dismissive other—are nothing new history Judaisms, course. Our current arrangement battle lines differ past Hegelian confrontations long religion What else, indeed, new? To this fresh comes an exceptional volume essays Mintz aegis Forum, awkwardly entitled Jews. title substance book strives accommodate make waste Israel oceanic world Jewry. Its several authors do seek disdain dismiss, clearly grope for own defensible secure distinguishing tolerance outreach acceptance embrace. 176] There some internal criticism volume, though disappointing deeper, more comprehensive revealing. scant attention, example, growth Chabad apparent (i.e., most recognizable) proponent "Orthodox" Judaism America around globe. non-judgmental technique surely alluring. But advanced integrity or character Judaism? addressed. essay, Marc D. Stern (of Committee), laments "isolationism" much contemporary modern Orthodoxy. He further decries absence "wide-angle lens" "breadth vision" halachic (Jewish legal) analysis. reserves particular scorn haredi attitudes behavior, deriding "increasingly unshakable [conviction own] probity, rectitude wisdom . largely lacking visionary leadership show[ing] less interest entirety people, except targets kiruv [outreach]." pleading (wistfully, he sees "golden age" decline) continuing modus vivendi which will... | review | en | Judaism|Religious studies|Ideology|Modernity|Orthodoxy|Anti-Zionism|Mainstream|History|Diaspora|Jewish studies|Sociology|Theology|Politics|Gender studies|Philosophy|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0014 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2117732359', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0014', 'mag': '2117732359'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>The Restoration of Israel: Christian Zionism in Religion, Literature and Politics</i> (review) | Stephen Sizer (https://openalex.org/A5053946958) | 2,008 | Reviewed by: The Restoration of Israel: Christian Zionism in Religion, Literature and Politics Stephen Sizer Politics. By Gerhard Falk. [American University Studies, Series VII:Theology Vol. 257.] (New York: Peter Lang. 2006. Pp. xii, 224. $70.95. ISBN 978-0-820-48862-2.) Falk is a professor sociology at Buffalo State University, New York, the author fifteen other books on diverse range subjects including deviant nurses, football, grandparents, stigma, fraud, ageism, murder. In this particular book, he traces influence Hebrew Bible history civilization explores how Christians helped nurture facilitate return Jewish people to Palestine, also called Restorationism. Further chapters evaluate support Muslim resistance return. At times Falk's use rather awkward terminology suggests either unfamiliar with Christianity, English, or both. For example, two final deal what describes as "Displacement" "Two-Covenant" theology. former more usually referred "Replacement" He claims," It surely no exaggeration say that growth Christianity world religion depended much satanization Jews any contributing factor" (p. 8). reinforces assertion by claiming Roman Catholic Church "taught its billion followers regard all 'Christ killers' consequence [End Page 748] living time anywhere became targets revenge murders, finally resulting Holocaust. All has been described an avalanche literature every European language, far too voluminous be reviewed here" 158). Besides sweeping generalizations, simple factual errors abound. preface refers Tyndale, but it appears back cover Tindale. Similarly, John Wycliffe given different sets dates: "(1320–1384)" page vii "(1325–1384)" 3. As someone who written extensively subject Zionism, I examined his index was initially gratified find my name listed numerous times. However, checking references discovered without offering single attributable quote, falsely labels me "leading Jew baiter England" 195), well states defamed Judaism 196), "hop[e] for elimination Israel" blame destruction World Trade Center repeat anti-Jewish polemics possible 196). must deny equally unfounded allegation am "the most influential Anglican preacher England today" 93). Suddenly, remaining objective writing book review difficult task. therefore wrote invited him substantiate allegations. subsequently received reply from Heidi Burns, senior editor Lang, publisher book. contained errata sheet Lang intended add stock seven after each added, "I erroneously refer Rev. Sizer. . .This not case. error." concluding sentence stated," short, apologizes mentioning these matters believes are supported evidence." subsequent letter, probably designed dissuade initiating libel action, confessed," astonished anyone would interested reviewing since experience writings have tiny audience little impact events world." Given award "Excellence Research, Scholarship, Creativity," can only deduce has, occasion, put charitably, relied heavily secondary sources imagination. These comments, although welcome, do instill confidence regarding reliability quoted, unable these. Other academics—notably, Dan Cohen-Sherbok Gershom Gorenberg, together... | review | en | Zionism|Judaism|Religious studies|Politics|Christianity|Theology|Hebrew|Sociology|History|Classics|Philosophy|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0171 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2082694389', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0171', 'mag': '2082694389'} | Israel|Palestine|State of Palestine | C144024400 | Sociology | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>The Right Kind of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to the Present</i> (review) | Michele Alacevich (https://openalex.org/A5028755175) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Right Kind of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to Present Michele Alacevich (bio) Present. By Michael E. Latham. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2011. Pp. vi+246. $22.95. When United States emerged as an economic military superpower after World II, communism quickly became its major threat. cold war between East West soon involved "underdeveloped periphery" world, for this struggle was not just a standoff great powers but global confrontation two radically different social orders. Relying solely on containment appeared inadequate, during 1950s 1960s more comprehensive approach emerged, [End Page 727] based worldwide promotion American model. Rich countries would provide development template that help poor jump-start their economies reshape political structures, ultimately transforming them into capitalist liberal democracies and, most important, thwarting promise redemption offered. Modernization theory, it came be known, combination scholarly research characteristics "traditional" societies "modern" ones, pattern change former latter, mixed with both policy advice actual policy-making. As Walt W. Rostow, one main theorizers modernization, pointed out, "the underdeveloped nations—now focus Communist hopes—can move successfully . well-established take-off within orbit democratic resisting blandishments temptations Communism. This is, I believe, important single item Western agenda" (The Stages Economic Growth, 134). Latham has provided very interesting useful synthesis rise decline (and eventual reappearance) modernization theory in States, exploring intellectual roots deep connections country's foreign policy. In postwar period government philanthropic foundations supported sciences new source strategic intelligence. prominent examples, addition game area studies: promised powerful tool steer transformation modern ones. Such steering keep "on right side history" limit vulnerability difficult unstable transition. respect, appropriately points ideology. shows results were often disappointingly what had predicted. After first chapter (from Enlightenment imperialism New Deal) increasingly strong links policy-making, especially 1960s, devotes three chapters "field" experiences: support nationalistic governments Nehru India, Nasser Egypt, Nkrumah Ghana (chapter 3), visions engineering through birth control technocratic command nature via green revolution 4), justification brutal repressions dictatorships stabilization Guatemala, Vietnam, Iran 5). all those cases, reality proved much complicated than prognosis, seeing dismal when they tragic. case is good example unintended consequences theory. problem food availability framed terms productivity, solution high-yielding 728] rice wheat seeds. "Complex problems," writes Latham, re-cast "in appealingly simple way" (p. 110). Social factors affecting technological sustainability techniques, however, considered: expensive packages required grow varieties favored, medium term, rich landowners, who bought out small farmers invested capital-intensive, labor-saving technologies. few years, many Asian experienced increased rural poverty and... | review | en | Modernization theory|Superpower|Communism|Foreign policy|Political science|Political economy|Politics|Social change|World War II|Cold war|Economic history|Sociology|Law|Economics | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0119 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2062668989', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2012.0119', 'mag': '2062668989'} | Egypt|Iran | C144024400 | Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>The Routes of Man: How Roads are Changing the World and the Way We Live Today</i> (review) | Libbie Freed (https://openalex.org/A5082087140) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The Routes of Man: How Roads are Changing the World and Way We Live Today Libbie Freed (bio) Today. By Ted Conover. New York: Knopf, 2010. Pp. 333. $26.95. Conover’s engagingly written Man is part a recent trend road-trip narratives by journalists; book similar in tone style, for example, to Rob Gifford’s China Road (2007) Peter Hessler’s Country Driving (2010). Conover trades depth breadth, however, offering an outsider’s perspective on much wider swath regions cultures. has six main chapters; they loosely connected, reflecting [End Page 850] their origins as separate pieces. Each highlights particular region topic, from mahogany extraction Peru trucking AIDS east Africa “car clubs” assorted hazards roads driving Lagos, Nigeria. Between chapters shorter chapterlets exploring topics such road ecology cultural representations roads. book’s strength—its broad scope—is also its weakness, however. firsthand descriptions his travels give life book, but lacks more cohesive, penetrating analysis, direct comparisons between or explicit treatment how impact today differs times past. does offer some relevant theoretical snippets, discussion E. O. Wilson’s “edge effect” importance local knowledge informal user networks, there interesting somewhat arbitrary-seeming morsels history (Inca roads, Napoleon’s through Alps, evolution Broadway, so on). Scholars will wish extensive historiography bibliography. bumps up against question what exactly constitutes “road.” Rather than settling this question, contribution highlight, perhaps inadvertently, difficulty answering it world where difference “roads” “pathways” may be culturally specific, frozen rivers (there chapter isolated Zanskar River valley northern India) can function attempts at defining makes neither very satisfying nor consistent; he writes that “built with purely utilitarian intent, help move people things one place another” (p. 66), “a blocked thwarted intention” 217). Yet elsewhere clear definition too simple, fascinating showing blocking been important military political strategies Israel’s West Bank. As result, overall message—and answer subtitle—is unclear. hardcover dust jacket, which contains eye-catching photos around world, indicative: there’s clearly something here, historians technology need put analytical pieces together themselves. functions best about users, providing mosaic view various parts understand using today. In particular, offers glimpses networks—commercial, personal, military, symbolic. neglects explain differ other elements networks of, rivers, container ships, communications like. Nor associated technologies trucks, logging technologies, railroads, oil. hint technical realities example mentioning challenges building maintaining landscapes, eschews history. 851] refreshingly evenhanded realistic ways uses shaped cultures circumstances. Peru, explains thriving system commercial drivers paying off police look way illegal passengers emerged because underpaid money just transport... | review | en | China|Style (visual arts)|Narrative|History|Media studies|Visual arts|Sociology|Art|Literature|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2011.0149 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2066359783', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.2011.0149', 'mag': '2066359783'} | West Bank | C144024400 | Sociology | Technology and Culture |
<i>The Status of Women in Jewish Tradition</i> (review) | Ronit Irshai (https://openalex.org/A5070670408) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: The Status of Women in Jewish Tradition Ronit Irshai Tradition, by Isaac Sassoon. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 200 pp. Although some might suggest that this topic has been flogged to death, Sassoon's book, especially its use the feminist perspective, makes a fresh contribution field. Sassoon set himself two-fold task study status women Bible and rabbinic literature: first, identify ideological ingredients text, as he argues judicial sources are "usually underpinned Weltanschauung credo" (x); second, demonstrate multivocality tradition: acknowledge "heterogeneity within canon" (xv). latter may seem trivial [End Page 151] claim, it is harmony with ideology his which accepts "as given equality morally superior inequality" (xii). By attempting voices ancient tradition go against grain presenting hermeneutical alternatives accepted views, completes circle. I suspect one main, albeit unstated, objectives argue if an or belief proven false, not shared contemporary society, then there no necessity accept halakhic rulings derive from ideology. Moreover, essentialist ideologies stereotypes for anchored historical, time-bound setting and, on other hand, intrinsic between men foundational extent authorities, can contain, principle, gender justice women. embarks mission meticulously researched, wide-ranging, unapologetic inquiry into three subjects: monogamy, commandments, question betwen These comprise major issues through Judaism usually examined. Part 1 devoted monogamy. Here thrust argument that, notwithstanding widespread assumption permitted polygamy until eleventh-century ban Rabbenu Gershom Meor Hagolah, close reading Leviticus 18:18, supported Qumranic Damascus Document, convincingly demonstrates monogamy be viewed scripturally required option. subjects careful analysis points out advantages disadvantages each option, though does take explicit stance, opinion clear. 2 treats broad issue commandments. As opposed usual treatments issue, start mishnah exempting commandments (m. Qiddushin 1:7), takes starting point statement Rabbi Hanina son Aqashia, "The Holy One, blessed he, wanted give merit Israel. Therefore gave them abundant Torah numerous commandments" Makkor 3:16). This significant, because way stating being commanded endows merit. Thus, possible simply sweep problem exempted under rug employing clichés offered Orthodox Judaism, including supposed spiritual superiority women, means they have less need perform all 152] their role mothers outweighs importance fulfilling certain shortcuts here. Again, discusses wide range using reading, identifies underlying heterogeneity sources. It part 3, however, personally found most interesting refreshing. Devoted fundamental at stake—did rabbis consider intrinsically equal men—his law Qatlanit. According law, woman was married twice succession, time her husband died, she cannot marry third (or fourth, according opinions). There is, parallel ruling case man, died succession. fourteenth- fifteenth-century codes, Tur Shulhan Arukh, even state this... | review | en | Ideology|Judaism|Essentialism|Sociology|Philosophy|Harmony (color)|Religious studies|Gender studies|Theology|Law|Political science|Art|Politics|Visual arts | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2013.0027 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2014175612', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2013.0027', 'mag': '2014175612'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>The Story of Ali Retzo</i>: Brechtian Theater in Greece under the Military Dictatorship | Gonda Van Steen (https://openalex.org/A5071780070) | 2,013 | Brecht’s epic theater offers a valuable platform for examining the intense political drama that unfolded in Greece of late 1950s through mid-1970s. Petros Markaris launched reception with comprehensive approach “rewriting” German author. In 1971, Free Theater staged The Story Ali Retzo, 1965 play had composed Brechtian vein poetic overtones. production became collective effort to subject military regime 1967 probing lens dialectic theater. Set mid-twentieth-century Turkish village, Retzo captured postmodernist ethos ambivalence, which questioned oppressive power structures and social inequities. used “distant” setting investigate problems posed by capitalism, mechanization, exploitative means production. Theater’s show tremendous success expressing frustration unreconciled audiences an “unruly” youth movement. Also, it laid out model new, radical understanding as process. is remembered this day definitive moment Greek under dictatorship. It marked sociocultural well theatrical breakthrough, if not (modest) revolution. | article | en | Dictatorship|Drama|German|Politics|Literature|Art|Sociology|History|Democracy|Law|Political science|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2013.0010 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1964364680', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2013.0010', 'mag': '1964364680'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Modern Greek Studies |
<i>The Tragic Plane</i> by H.A. Mason (review) | Stephen Black (https://openalex.org/A5007696313) | 1,988 | Book Reviews way in the direction of true Brecht. The two men met Paris on occasion ofthe Berliner Ensemble's visiting production Caucasian Chalk Circle. Planchon's initial stagings play had been too close to prevailing aesthetics ofLe Cartel des Quatre (Gaston Baty, Charles Dullin, Louis Jouvet and Georges Pitoef/). Of four, was closest Brecht's theory distanciation. Although his goals were purely aesthetic, as Dr. KJeber points out, he propounded, wake Diderm's seminal"Le paradoxe sur Ie comedien," that actor must establish a distance between personal self role seeks interpret. "histrionic dialectic" (Kleber. p. 25) not far removed from influential teaching France's most intellectual director. In fact, French intelligentsia, Algerian war independence, awakened importance ofemphasizing social causal network force shaping patterns behavior thought. This manifested itself very structure plays which scenes, linked by economic laws society, formed chains events even they appeared disconnected unrelated. second La Bonne ame, Planchon tried show "Ia misere toute simple" (KJeber, 144). He designed set himselfbut kept "pathetic" acting style cherished an audience used Cartel. However, after five~hour meeting with Brecht, moved away psychological interpretation delve into actions. writes: "... 1958 prod~ctjon arne demonstrates development non~political director, strong ties dominant theatre, socially aware man theatre" (p. 236). ultimate mise en scene "emphasized contradictory conditions produced Capitalism, de-emphasized mere portrayal misery without revealing cause, created both entertaining raising awareness spectators" Both John Fuegi Pia Kleber finnly state Brecht believed conveying message fonn. quotes Gennan dramatist saying: "Whoever does teach entertain instructive should be stage" 83). reports advised: "If critics would view my theatre spectators do, first emphasizing theories, then what see simply I hope, imagination, fun or intelligence" 89). is sound counsel, it we retain these fine studies. scholars manage instruct us manner. ROSETIE C. LAMONT, QUEENS COLLEGE AND THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF CUNY. H.A. MASON. Tragic Plane. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1985. Pp. viii, 197. $35.75 Cdn. Ours especially interesting age think about idea tragedy. one few spots historical time tragedy has flourished - along Homeric Ionia, Periclean Athens Elizabethan England. From Moby-Dick, some Hardy. Faulkner, others; Wagner, Strindberg. O'Neill, Bergman, Kurosawa, many readers audiences have felt subjective, ineffable certainty being presence tragic. That problems poses. All tragedies are different another; but aJi something common leads people agree argue such work creates areader effect Such problem Mason tackles this fine, eccentric, important book, calls approach defining tragic "subjective," word claims liberty let certain opinions impressions stand unexplained undefended; also means wants find describe experience knowing witnesses authentic tragedy, knows oneself literary dramatic achievement. On whole, questions fonn excluded study. Mason, Emeritus... | review | en | Interpretation (philosophy)|Style (visual arts)|Art|Art history|Sociology|Humanities|Aesthetics|History|Philosophy|Literature|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1988.0008 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2085866927', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1988.0008', 'mag': '2085866927'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Modern Drama |
<i>The Un-Americans: Jews, the Blacklist and Stoolpigeon Culture</i> (review) | Paul Buhle (https://openalex.org/A5006213704) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: The Un-Americans: Jews, the Blacklist and Stoolpigeon Culture Paul Buhle Culture, by Joseph Litvak. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. 282 pp. $22.95. A quarter century ago, a graduate student doing some research for professor in my department at Brown calculated book journal references to "Identity" campus library. There were lot, but more interestingly, proportion of Jewish was phenomenal. It is not likely have fallen since, as any Wikipedia check will surely reveal. are good reasons, course, Jews difficulty with identity than, say, Inuits, Armenians, Roma, other peoples or without states their own? Or it proportions author-scholars that may be decisive? If this question seems ultimately imponderable, lure pondering its aspects go away. To expanding literature, Litvak has added remarkable sometimes dazzling footnote. Any number scholars (myself included) writing on Ashkenazic European North American diaspora come Yiddish Yiddishkayt root source. In various locations, speakers borrowed only language many varieties adaptations, also elements accompanying popular cultures. long run, 1900 so, proved decisive participation emerging commercial No degree [End Page 200] supposed global political financial influence, no earthly spiritual power surpass influence mundane worlds film, television, music so reach people every culture. And yet little content identifiably Jewish! We have, here, paradox major proportions. wants us focus our attention one particular aspect largely forgotten last two generations. He examines, his own ways, Blacklist, specifically entertainment world, impact upon culture, implications everywhere. Talk about metaphors, cover Un-Americans sports most self-revealing blacklistees, same time iconic tragic entertainers: Zero Mostel. Now best remembered theatrical star Fiddler Roof (replaced, somewhat mysteriously, Israel actor Topol, film version), Mostel course leftwing and, before that, stand-up comic. His role preserved (that is, although he even better live act) future generations must stand-in Philip Loeb Front, playing actors' union pioneer, long-time character Gertrude Berg's assorted vehicles, blacklistee driven suicide. Humiliating himself investigators, could not, however, become friendly witness: would like conversion Christianity. Others remember art Angel Levine, opposite Ida Kaminska, dying wife whose angel death schwartze hipster Harry Belafonte, real drama saying goodbye life well fictive wife. died after shooting. been better, nay perfect if had gay. very narrative volume, "rootless cosmopolitan" identified Jewishness centuries rootless when outside existing sexual norms all apparent acceptable national, racial, religious. Litvak's cosmopolitan surprise, an atheist, unwillingness Christians acknowledge Judaism religion might circumstances meant almost much defining rootlessness. Being "comic" element essential identity, metaphor works perfectly. "mimesis mimesis" (in phrase Horkheimer Adorno, figures often cited book) anything-for-a-laugh humor. embodies revenge against everything everybody who oppresses others (or Other themselves). reader suspect danger analysis getting out hand, theoretically and... | review | en | Blacklist|Diaspora|Judaism|Identity (music)|Power (physics)|Jewish culture|Jewish identity|Religious studies|Politics|Yiddish|History|Media studies|Sociology|Classics|Theology|Political science|Gender studies|Art|Law|Philosophy|Aesthetics|Quantum mechanics|Physics|World Wide Web|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0035 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079444723', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2012.0035', 'mag': '2079444723'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>The Word According to Eve: Women and the Bible in Ancient Times and Our Own</i> (review) | Carolyn Osiek (https://openalex.org/A5031184815) | 2,001 | 142 SHOFAR Winter 2001 Vol. 19, No.2 Judaism through memory: "In that moment of personalizing history, making it my own story, becomes the source a profound pledge to respond and be responsible. . [M]emory is called upon actually shatter historical time, make present past, available mode ofexperience ... revitalizes communal heritage." From Memory Transformation provides insights into exciting range ofJewish women's life today, melding, as does, tradition memory with work world. Susan P. Willens Department English George Washington University The Word According Eve: Women Bible in Ancient Times Our Own, by Cullen Murphy. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 302 pp. $23.00. Literary editor Murphy has written an engaging book received more than its share attention literary world, given massive numbers books last twenty years on same subject biblical scholars. This not ofscholarship but ofjournalism, narrative descriptive style interview rather carefully informative academic investigation evaluation, consistently using secondary primary sources. In introduction, author refers feminism's encounter religion fifth intellectual revolution, following rise Israel Bible, Christianity from within Judaism, Reformation early modem Europe, Enlightenment scientific rational world view. pages, he seeks describe series ofinterviews vignettes interaction ofthis most recent revolution first second. After witty shrewd assessment annual meetings American Academy Religion Society Biblical Literature, major professional societies scholars United States, returns saga ofElizabeth Cady Stanton her Women's which many would mark beginning ofthe quest reinterpret perspective. rest structured around interviews portraits ofsome prominent women States: Phyllis Trible ofUnion Theological Seminary, Carol Meyers ofDuke Sepphoris excavation project, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, Assyriologist Sumeriologist at Chicago, critic Mieke Bal ofAmsterdam, Elisabeth SchiisslerFiorenza ofHarvard Divinity School, Kathleen Corley ofWisconsin Oshkosh, Karen Jo Torjesen Claremont University, King Occidental College now Harvard Bernadette Brooten ofBrandeis Ross Kraemer ofPennsylvania, one man, Jaroslav Pelikan ofYale Book Reviews 143 University. Interspersed discussion are references writings ofhalfa dozen topics include findings archaeology what light they shed lives ancient Israel; origins description patriarchy, Meyers' careful nuances; Mediterranean female literacy question ofwhether woman could have authored book, often been suggested. Fromthe perspective ofliterary criticism, matters reaUa, hard facts, varieties ofmeanings generated interpretations interpretive methods different social locations. issue ofChristian antiJewish feminist discussed: too easy past for some Christian pastors portray Jesus who came free "us," particularly women, legalistic bondage Judaism. whistle blown this phenomenon, entirely disappeared. One chapter devoted image ofMary renovations. Pelikan, Centuries: Her Place History ofCulture (Yale Press, 1996), suggests figure serve religious bridge Islam since she daughter honored both Christians Muslims. Another discusses ordination church, squaring off earlier Danielou Gryson concluded lack any positive evidence other... | review | en | Judaism|Literature|Style (visual arts)|History|Narrative|Classics|Christianity|Sociology|Religious studies|Theology|Philosophy|Art | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2001.0194 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2065547685', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.2001.0194', 'mag': '2065547685'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>The Yacoubian Building</i>: A Slice of Pre-January 25 Egyptian Society? | Karim Tartoussieh (https://openalex.org/A5003361422) | 2,012 | The Yacoubian Building:A Slice of Pre-January 25 Egyptian Society? Karim Tartoussieh (bio) In a 2011 interview on the privately owned satellite channel CBC, Emad El Din Adeeb, political commentator and founder media production conglomerate Good News Cinema, offered his analysis Revolution January 25, 2011, rise Islamists as an electoral bloc, last days Mubarak regime. Toward end interview, presenter, Lamis Hadidi (curiously, Adeeb's sister-in-law), gave her guest opportunity to respond viewers' questions comments that had been relayed via Facebook; many viewers accused Adeeb hypocrisy being remnant beneficiary ancien régime. Interestingly, in defending himself, asked audience: "How can I be part old guard or affiliated with regime when was one who produced film Building ['Imarat Ya'qubiyan; Marwan Hamed, 2006]—one most important films cinema decade tackle moral bankruptcy expose social malaise blighted Egypt during Mubarak's tenure?" Contrary how pundits have labeled uprising Facebook Twitter revolution, argue analyzing it terms digital activism alone cannot do justice years on-the-ground anti-neoliberal pro-labor rights activism.1 Furthermore, other formats played key role mobilization voicing discontent. Transnational channels, independent newspapers, both commercial films—that is, formats— contributed, alongside their new progeny (SMS messages, cellphone films, Facebook, Twitter), technological scaffolding [End Page 156] revolt. proliferation popularity (both religiously inflected secular) talk shows people discuss, inter alia, corruption, policy, harassment, sectarianism, poverty, unemployment—key issues fueling uprising. Moreover, past five years, ascent cinematic genre which Viola Shafik dubs "shantytown film" has helped provoke debates about informality, extremism.2 growth strong movement enabled young filmmakers circumvent governmental street censorship, allowing these activists explore topics are deemed taboo for commercial, mainstream greater ease. Indeed, very nature filmmaking allows its community discuss taboos more freely, because not require license from censor's bureau, approve screenplays before movies go into production. Also, mostly shot formats, they frequently bypass need public screening license, airing instead art galleries cultural centers, at local festivals. short, what we here is panoply new) created avenues disenfranchised publics address, debate situation. Hence, believe digitextual analysis, seeks investigate continuities ruptures between crucial understanding mediated precursors Revolution.3 Undoubtedly, (e.g., YouTube, Twitter) potent throughout region. Egypt, where emergency laws place since assassination President Sadat resulted stifling life sphere, mitigate sense atomization comes draconian extralegal measures neoliberal imperative become de rigueur decade. YouTube videos police torture within stations, cell-phone clips beating Alexandrian youth Khaled Saeed Internet café, groups dedicated organizing boycotts, sit-ins, civil disobedience undoubtedly made aware excesses security apparatus, thus enabling them form responsive virtual communities. But read original sole means by Arab... | article | en | Movie theater|Hypocrisy|Politics|Political science|Law|Media studies|Pornography|Guardian|Art|Art history|Sociology|Religious studies|Humanities|Philosophy | https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2012.0102 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1999321469', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2012.0102', 'mag': '1999321469'} | Egypt | C144024400 | Sociology | Journal of Cinema and Media Studies |
<i>The handbook of language contact</i> (review) | Vít Bubeník (https://openalex.org/A5073891374) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: The handbook of language contact Vit Bubenik contact. Ed. by Raymond Hickey. (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics.) Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Pp. xvii, 863. ISBN 9781405175807. $199.95 (Hb). Hickey assembled an impressive team forty globally renowned experts to provide a comprehensive survey the field Virtually all areas are covered this volume; much what is known about through its rich literature acknowledged each chapter’s copious references, and many new bold proposals appear here for first time. [End Page 915] Sarah Thomason’s contribution, ‘Contact explanations linguistics’, opens Part 1 volume (‘Contact linguistics’) with needed theoretical paper, which provides background whole linguistics viewed as subdiscipline sociolinguistics. Acknowledging that we can never hope achieve ‘deterministic predictions’ area, our goal should be ‘a deeper understanding’ linguistic change. This has always been historical linguistics, diachronic diatopic dimensions (‘language time space’) present papers collection. Thomason advocates balancing dichotomy internal external causation when discussing particular change, framework under two headings social predictors. former include presence/absence imperfect learning, intensity contact, speakers’ attitudes; predictors typological distance, universal markedness, degree integration within system. effect distance reflected various borrowing scales, but they may often overridden factors; third factor predicts transfer inflectional morphology least likely occur. other theoretically oriented exploring place studies address issues genetic classification (Michael Noonan), convergence typology (Yaron Matras), grammaticalization (Bernd Heine Tania Kuteva), grammatical theory (Karen P. Corrigan), computational models (April McMahon). Long-lasting situations cultural pressure exerted politically numerically dominant group on subordinate population living sphere translates into heavy structural entail significant change labeled ‘pattern replication’: example, adopting Turkish agglutinative arrangement case markers several (Greek) Cappadocian dialects from central Anatolia; European Romani spoken Slavic countries Aktionsart prefix systems their models; some not so common examples have far received little scholarly attention. Kuteva argue elusive constraints contact-induced shaped principles grammaticalization. For future-tense category speakers draw typically verbs ‘go to’ or ‘want’, it unlikely marker will develop verb ‘go’ ‘want’. That is, essentially unidirectional. six chapters 2, change’, assess value research terms shift (Raymond Hickey), (Donald Winford), code-switching (Penelope Gardner-Chloros), dialectology (David Britain), rise varieties (Paul Kerswill), pidginization creolization (John Holm). analyzes one cardinal means data occurred Ireland (between seventeenth nineteenth centuries). He shows how syntactic material transferred, distinguishing carefully between exponence Irish English (this favored if target formal expressing there variation expression, among factors). One his salient ‘immediate perfective’ They after doing work (i.e. ‘They completed work’), modeled Tá siad tar éis obair dhéanamh, where constructed equivalent output structure using morphosyntactic means: was translated as... | review | en | Language contact|Linguistics|Hickey|Applied linguistics|Sociolinguistics|Corpus linguistics|Sociology|Language change|Field (mathematics)|Theoretical linguistics|Psychology|History|Philosophy|Art history|Mathematics|Pure mathematics | https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2011.0080 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2061680527', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2011.0080', 'mag': '2061680527'} | Turkey | C144024400 | Sociology | Language |
<i>Theatre and War: Theatrical Responses Since 1991</i> by Jeanne Colleran (review) | Melissa Jackson Burns (https://openalex.org/A5084807136) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: Theatre and War: Theatrical Responses Since 1991 by Jeanne Colleran Melissa Jackson Burns 1991. By Colleran. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Cloth $90.00. 250 pages. In 1991, approaches her discussion first grounding the reader in reality of media its effect on war our perceptions war. opening chapter, "Introduction: Spectator Calamities," delves into intersection war, media, art. As she informs reader, "the primary aim this book is to investigate how beginning with Persian Gulf War, has altered political analysis alteration turn affected socially critical art" (6). To accomplish aim, begins an exploration wartime media's "tactical symbiotic role" (3), including broadcasts such as President George W. Bush's "Mission Accomplished" speech still images pictures torture from Abu Ghraib. makes connections between theatre throughout close fifty theatrical pieces, some which comprise cycles plays, written response Iraq War Afghanistan, events 9/11, Terror. She continually returns interconnectedness these entities, effectively a performance studies approach that combines investigation dramatic, performative elements shown national leaders' speeches actions. chapter one, lays out wars events, Ghraib Guantanamo prison scandals, sparked pieces discussion. touching exploring role played subsequent through selection "provoke public policy response" (14, emphasis original). asserts "media coverage may appear be reporting what been discovered, but it [End Page 187] also delivering constructed" (14). frequently idea book, implication surfaces we need responses look at lens looks beyond selective supplies. After laying groundwork, discusses several organizing them according specific event, or topic they address. The division works does not follow strictly chronological order, nor arrange topic. in-depth First ends Afghanistan; chapters address 9/11 topics terrorism torture. two, "Turning History Happening: War," initiates interlaces world US foreign policy, H. influence began Further connects presidencies Bush sets stage for subtle critique leaders continues chapters. proves much theatre, focus administrations. chapters, crosses boundaries, incorporating policies decisions Tony Blair Saddam Hussein. Chapter six, "War Documents," includes extensive administration detailed two Justifying Called Account. three, similarly examines Peter Sellars's Persians, "daring" attempt understand Hussein use Greek tragedy (67). Whether simply result conscious effort administrations, seems have made glaring omission excluding enacted during Clinton Obama which... | review | en | Performative utterance|Spanish Civil War|Politics|History|Art|Asymmetric warfare|Media studies|Torture|Just war theory|Visual arts|Art history|Literature|Sociology|Aesthetics|Political science|Law|Archaeology|Human rights | https://doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2013.0004 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2059256703', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2013.0004', 'mag': '2059256703'} | Iraq | C144024400|C169437150 | Human rights|Sociology | Journal of dramatic theory and criticism |
<i>Theodoret's People: Social Networks and Religious Conflict in Late Roman Syria</i> (review) | Donald Fairbairn (https://openalex.org/A5087970863) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Theodoret's People: Social Networks and Religious Conflict in Late Roman Syria Donald Fairbairn Syria. By Adam M. Schor. [Transformation of the Classical Heritage, XLVIII.] (Berkeley: University California Press. 2011. Pp. xvi, 342. $49.95. ISBN 978-0-520-26862-3.) It is common knowledge that Christological controversies surrounding Third Fourth Ecumenical Councils (in 431 451, respectively) involved far more than just theological debates, a great deal scholarship has focused on complex politics these discussions. Schor's work, People, significantly advances this by providing carefully researched, nuanced portrayal social networks among bishops prominent lay civil leaders, Theodoret spent his life fostering he utilized efforts to forge consensus confusing, fractured environment. analysis interaction between clerical elucidation various approaches different took leadership outstanding. His link performance patronage also excellent, work thus makes major contribution our understanding late-antique society. Given focus history, it not surprising largely stays away from doctrinal issues, but final chapter—certainly most tantalizing book—he argues persuasively Syrian ("Antiochene") picture Christ mirrored networking, interactive way functioned contrast Cyrillian top-down Alexandrian bishop acted Egyptian society). This assertion gives historians much chew on. At same time, worth pointing out when Schor does range into realm theology, categories for describing are bit stale compared with freshness rest work. He depicts portion as primarily clash miaphysite dyophysite understandings writes glowingly defense "two natures" formula grounds had be single person two identities mediator. True enough, virtually any fifth century would have agreed assertion. The fundamental questions were specific alleges. Ironically, spite understandably oversimplified which handles seems reviewer book significance probably realizes. Many scholars argued actual differences Antiochenes Alexandrians significant. Others us claimed other actually "Antiochene." In either scenarios, (or even all) fifth-century [End Page 340] trying say thing, one perplexing historical why so few them realized this. constantly shifting provides means explaining fact (if fact) many opposed each rancorously they shared faith. very plausible explanation phenomenon, done all stripes—doctrinal well social—a service. Not only can we accurately understand also, help, see battle lines controversy often did line up agreement disagreement. Armed recognition, better position probe where whether or there was beneath sands expression networking. Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary Charlotte, NC Copyright © 2012 Catholic America Press | review | en | Bishops|Scholarship|Politics|Antique|Sociology|History|Classics|Law|Political science|Ancient history | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0112 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050756218', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2012.0112', 'mag': '2050756218'} | Egypt|Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>This Abled Body: Rethinking Disabilities in Biblical Studies</i> (review) | Judith Z. Abrams (https://openalex.org/A5087241021) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: This Abled Body: Rethinking Disabilities in Biblical Studies Judith Abrams Studies, edited by Hector Avalos, Sara J. Melcher, and Jeremy Schipper. Atlanta: Society of Literature, 2007. 244 pp. $29.95. anthology is just one many new volumes on Scripture disability. The field disability studies growing leaps bounds. has much to offer those interested disabilities the ancient world texts. Most authors volunteer reason they are studies, often because have a or family member with one. Introduction informs us that most essays will redemptionist, rejectionist, historicist approaches topic, although these essays, responses them, not limited approaches. In chapter "The Origins Disabled Disability Ancient Mesopotamia," Neal H. Walls highlights female infertility as Mesopotamian obvious corollaries biblical stories matriarchs who trouble conceiving. could also be interpreted punishments gods. "Deformity Greece Rome," Nicole Kelley, brings more nuanced idea about exposing deformed infants. There evidence such infants being raised without any legal consequences for parents. [End Page 163] persons were able make living wide array jobs. Blindness was seen punishment but, today, identity spread cover person his/her entirety, greater perception power attributed individual, Goffman's now-classic definition stigma. "Introducing Sensory Criticism Studies: Audiocentricity Visiocentricity," contrasts Deuteronomist Wisdom literature their focus, respectively, audiocentricity visiocentricity. "'Be Men, O Philistines' (I Samuel 4:9): Iconographic Representations Reflections Female Gender World," Carle R. Fontaine, was, me, enlightening chapter. exploration art history (e.g., how disabled depicted Egyptian hieroglyph-ics) used examine role women world. My only suggestion would she look into character Leah. She identified having her eyes, yet wins every way Hebrew considers important. Jacob's first wife, fertile among wives, it tribes descend from children lead Israel best positions around tabernacle. "Masculinity Bible," Thomas Hentrich, explores intersection gender studies. Some Hentrich's assertions reflect an ignorance insensitivity nature priesthood even basic vocabulary. For example, he makes common mistake conflating categories ritual impurity. They utterly separate categories. A physically perfect can ritually impure, blind, quadruple amputee pure. Impurity disqualifies everyone participation sacrificial system, regardless physical perfection. He imagines than men menstrual impurity, but fails recognize man seminal emission impure until nightfall. ineligible bring sacrifices women. requirements priestly perfection purity instituted safety measures priests. ones came closest God's presence, which lethal, so acted "safety suits," speak. persons, if pure, Temple. Indeed, we reports legless individuals offering These sorts misconceptions typical wrong, making Judaism Scriptures appear far less accepting toward they, fact, are. issue "crushed testicles" applies priests only, (a) need guard them against lethal presence (b) must visibly... | review | en | Disability studies|Identity (music)|Biblical studies|Learning disability|Sociology|Psychoanalysis|Classics|Gender studies|History|Literature|Psychology|Philosophy|Art|Aesthetics|Developmental psychology | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0504 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2094920669', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0504', 'mag': '2094920669'} | Egypt|Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>This Side of Silence: Human Rights, Torture and the Recognition of Cruelty</i> (review) | Tom Southerden (https://openalex.org/A5084646290) | 2,013 | Reviewed by: This Side of Silence: Human Rights, Torture and the Recognition Cruelty Tom Southerden (bio) Tobias Kelly , (University Pennsylvania Press 2012), 232 pages, ISBN 978-0-8122-4373-4. For some writers, problem with torture is its inexpressibility. John Conroy, a set "unspeakable acts" carried out by on "ordinary people,"1 while Elaine Scarry has stated that "[p]hysical pain does not simply resist language but actively destroys it, bringing about an immediate reversion to state anterior language."2 In Silence, however, identifies central as "not one failure recognition. It survivor's inability speak; rather it our listen."3 While his book designed exploration contemporary ethical political categorization certain forms violence "torture," Kelly, social anthropologist, argues debate around become dominated issues legality judicial interpretation. Thus, he examines how concept reality mediated through legal process, particularly in relation human rights laws. doing so, primary focus UK system government's interaction various international anti-torture institutions. He justifies this arguing "[t] orture, category, often used draw line between civilized uncivilized, compassionate barbarous. Focusing United Kingdom, than, say, Iraq, might help us rethink where those boundaries lie."4 The result well-reasoned intricately sourced empirical study demonstrates claims relating face institutionalized disbelief, are undermined assumption can only be committed "others," rendered virtually impossible substantiate ever increasing evidential requirements. opens discussion development paradigm anti-Modern taboo especially anathema British common law system. Particularly illuminating Kelly's assertion that, far from being based humanist principles Voltaire Beccaria so frequently cited torture, [O]ur particular understanding much more recent genealogy 1970s early 1980s, law, medicine, Cold War, refugee flows organisations, came together make image suffering body key currency politics, archetypal crime.5 goes demonstrate these factors combined transform notions ideas "cruelty," "brutality," "totalitarian politics" into codified resulting "what what [becoming] matter precise argument than broad injunction."6 [End Page 259] stems connection brutality7 which modern society no longer contemplate openly. self-image system, therefore, demands severing any such connections, notion received vocal support Judiciary themselves years.8 project explore rejection leads refusal recognize concrete examples when they arise. His starting point practical field determination asylum claims. This, explains, principally because source UK. initial claim for recognition assessed refused Home Office, usually followed appeal independent immigration tribunal potentially further appeals higher courts. regularly participated process expert witness, using anthropological knowledge Occupied Palestinian Territories. However, data upon draws derived broader range sources, including... | review | en | Torture|Cruelty|Human rights|Silence|Law|Principle of legality|Criminology|Political science|Sociology|Art|Aesthetics | https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0010 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1970276980', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2013.0010', 'mag': '1970276980'} | Iraq | C144024400|C169437150 | Human rights|Sociology | Human Rights Quarterly |
<i>Thought-Images: Frankfurt School Writers’ Reflections from Damaged Life</i> (review) | Philip Goldstein (https://openalex.org/A5061578926) | 2,009 | Reviewed by: Thought-Images: Frankfurt School Writers’ Reflections from Damaged Life Philip Goldstein Gerhard Richter. Life. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2007. 256 pp. In this work, Richter examines the theoretical import of thought-images or pictures used by a number writers, including Walter Benjamin, Ernst Bloch, Sigfried Kracauer, and Theodor W. Adorno. He notes that these writers are associated with Social Theory, but he does not any means intend to characterize their work as part school suggest what they have in common other representatives School, such Herbert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer, Jürgen Habermas. Instead representing school, count friends whose works form cluster constellation. Moreover, takes constellations theorists reveal affinities those who school. For example, chapter 3, suggests biographical similarities between Kracauer’s homelessness Jacques Derrida. As says, “Kracauer Derrida—one displaced German Jew persecuted Hitler, an Algerian uneasily acculturated ‘Frenchness’ . both share sustained interest themes waiting, writing, media technology, photography, self-portrait, ghosts, architecture, philosophy friendship” (109). There important citations Derrida most chapters, conclusion, which his notion friendship explain ties Adorno, Bloch. Similarly, de Man’s account rhetorical aberration explains Benjamin’s “radical aberration.” The Lyotard post-structuralists also Adorno’s view life after Auschwitz. Since many especially Habermas, criticized poststructuralism others at length, one has ask how justifies assimilating them. answer lies characterizing subgenre origins “the tradition baroque emblem” (7) “modernist” versions “tend focus on specificity quotidian object seemingly negligible phenomenon order place objects new unexpected constellation” (8). More importantly, draws aesthetic theory Hegel, Derrida, literary character undermines conventional distinctions image concept, literature philosophy, particular systems, methods, schools. thought-image or, German, Denkbild, “as artwork differs itself, enacts speculative truth sensuously concrete manifestation spiritual that, thinks ways it itself” (17). This emphasis thought-image’s non-identical precludes issues method [End Page 352] because assume accounts preserve methodological identity. enables produce some very interesting insights, explanation Minima Moralia Adorno Hitler Nazis extend culture industry dominating Germany 1920s 1930s impose dialectic barbarism At same time, detailed textual commits sometimes turns minor points: misplaced comma essay semiology rhetoric mistranslation conjunction Moralia. result, exactly suit which, Bloch’s case, addresses large history, religion, politics. gives exposition highly self-conscious assertion asserts its claim excluded contrary negation. Impossibility exclude even requires possibility, just negativity presupposes and, hence, redemption. says “Benjamin destabilizes criteria could differentiate lucid perception delusion, insight blindness, hermeneutic success failure.” example “works strengthen point seeks make; illustrating in... | review | en | Friendship|German|Movie theater|Art history|Portrait|Psychoanalysis|Philosophy|Art|Sociology|Psychology|Social science|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/sym.0.0094 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1988837172', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sym.0.0094', 'mag': '1988837172'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Symplokē |
<i>Transnational Spaces and Identities in the Francophone World</i> (review) | Leslie Barnes (https://openalex.org/A5049446115) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: Transnational Spaces and Identities in the Francophone World Leslie Barnes Hafid Gafaïti, Patricia M. E. Lorcin, David Troyansky , eds. World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. xxiv + 427 pp. World, second volume interdisciplinary articles originating a comparative literature symposium held at Texas Tech 2002, brings historians literary scholars together to explore interrelated questions migration, identity, Francophonie. The first section, entitled "Colonialism Immigration," situates concerns contemporary France relation twentieth-century colonial empire. Inquiry ranges from Philip Dine's analysis ideological construction French Algeria Keith Watenpaugh's reading political ambiguity collaboration mandate Syria between 1920 1946 Elisa Camiscioli's discussion intersecting [End Page 111] organicist assimilationist metaphors interwar-year immigration discourse. section on "Immigrant Identities" opens with Neil MacMaster's ways which Maghrebian migrants reappropriated space Algerian bidonvilles recreate "sense internal cohesion solidarity" (77) state's attempt destroy that order by imposing Eurocentric notions domesticity "normalcy" migrant communities. Todd Shepard continues interrogation populations documenting plight harkis—Algerian collaborators authorities—in wake independence noting series legal maneuvers government made "refugees" out "citizens," effectively "effacing law harki rights" (98). ends Alain Gabon's article, Mathieu Kassovitz's cinematic representations youth multiculturalism Métisse La Haine global perspective. In third focus shifts "Writing through lens gender sexuality. Robert Aldrich's cogent Jean Sénac's writings tragic demise post-independence illuminates paradox pied-noir support for nationalism. Trudy Agar-Mendousse reads Malika Mokeddem's novels as an example "creative counterviolence" (188) female author undermines patriarchal authority. Finally, Mary McCullough's article Leïla Sebbar poses important about categorization expectations placed "beur" author. fourth provide socio-historical, literary, philosophical interrogations "Jewish Migrations North Africa. Sarah Sussman begins linguistic culinary customs Jewish France. Johann Sadock analyzes complex shifting perspectives "anti-Other tendencies" (247) post-1948 Jews, Arabs, "Oriental" Literature. Brigitte Weltman-Aron contributes final Memmi into dialogue Derrida Cixous persistent indeterminacy marking African identity. Opening inquiry larger geographical field, fifth cover "Francophone contexts 112] Lebanon, Africa, Caribbean, Vietnam. Antony Johae's explores Lebanese Amin Maalouf's use traveler express identity self other, Maalouf, "every one us has our origin every belongs diaspora world" (301). Joseph Militello's madwoman archetype "postcolonial Third nonwhite male authorities" (318) Myriam Warner-Vieyra's Juletane Mariama Bâ's Un Chant écarlante is welcomed foray Afro-Caribbean struggles last two articles, Georges Van Den Abbeele Ali Yédes investigate Vietnamese tradition. Abbeele, insisting multifaceted nature diaspora, Vietnamese, English, practice where "exile return, love betrayal become faces each other" (337). Through close nineteenth-century epic, Tale Kiêu, locates seeds modernity not introduction education model, others have suggested, but Vietnam's own literary... | review | en | French|Colonialism|Solidarity|Empire|Politics|Sociology|Humanities|Gender studies|Anthropology|Political science|Law|Art | https://doi.org/10.1353/frf.0.0109 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1963947178', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/frf.0.0109', 'mag': '1963947178'} | Algeria|Lebanon|Syria | C144024400 | Sociology | French Forum |
<i>Trials, Tribulations, and Celebration: African-American Perspectives on Health, Illness, Aging and Loss</i> (review) | Annette Dula (https://openalex.org/A5019321616) | 1,993 | 65 Review TRIALS, TRIBULATIONS, AND CELEBRATION: AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH, ILLNESS, AGING LOSS Edited by Marian Gray Secundy, ACSW, Ph.D., with Lois LaCivita Nixon, M.P.H. 308 pp. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press, Inc., 1992. $31.95 (paper) plus $2 bulk or $4 UPS shipping. FOR centuries, medicine, doctors, health, sickness, and death have been favorite themes in literature. But only recently medical schools incorporated literature as a tool for teaching students about themselves their patients. Literature has now claimed respectable place alongside scientific knowledge most U.S. schools. Many of the stories to which are exposed written doctors they go personal professional lives. For example, William Carlos Williams: The Doctor Stories, compiled Robert Coles, gives us powerful benevolent images physician he works among poor uneducated people. doctor is main player these early stories, not just part general landscape illness.1 newer however, focus also on patient, give credibility life experiences that shape health sickness. Jon Mukand's Vital Lines: Contemporary Fiction Medicine one example. Until Trials, Tribulations, Celebrations, almost none anthologies looked at web illness, Af rican-American culture, even though pervade our This collection, African-Americans, colorful sourcebook educating professionals , through poems, excerpts from novels, role aging, African-American culture. time frame pieces ranges 1920s 1980s, many well-known authors, including James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Ernest Gaines, Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor, Gwendolyn Brooks. As ethicist Edmund Pellegrino points out his introduction, book ethnicity healing it intended those who provide care African-AmeriJournal Health Care Poor Underserved · Vol. 4, No. 1 1993 66____________________________________________________________ cans. Editor professor humanities Howard University, collaborator tapped rich neglected source sickness death, making an outstanding contribution volume begins sharp introductory commentaries Joanne Trautmann Banks, teaches students; Pellegrino, director Center Advanced Medical Ethics Georgetown University; Ethelbert Miller, Afro-American Resources University. divided into three sections. Section One— Illness Seeking Behavior—introduces black physicians doctoring segregated society. In Sterling Brown's poem, "Parish Doctor," respected because black. Nevertheless sought after folk remedies fail. rheumatism kill turkey buzzard, Dry him up; rub stiff jints mess... They come see docteur, when (p. 8) Conversely, Walker's "Strong Horse Tea," Rannie Toomer will consider doctor's remedy white mailman refuses summon her dying son. Hughes's Jesse B. Semple "Dr. Sidesaddle" scorns uppity makes money Harlem patients yet lives like person neighborhood. And excerpt "If We Must Die" Junius Edwards reminds always allowed treat patients, especially women. While remind society, birth abortion illustrate women's transcend racism oppression. poem "The Presentation" Toi Derricotte, new mother, exhausted childbirth, ...waited something wrapped package, knew its name better than she it; thing had discover, unwrap count, slowly, parting visible, 22) "Abortion" Walker .. .had entered age... | review | en | Credibility|Health care|Psychology|Medicine|History|Political science|Law | https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0402 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2108200889', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0402', 'mag': '2108200889'} | Turkey | C160735492 | Health care | Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved |
<i>Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy</i> (review) | Charles W. Joyner (https://openalex.org/A5061373545) | 1,994 | 106Southern Cultures Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy. By Winthrop D. Jordan. Louisiana State University Press, 1993. 391 pp. Cloth, $24.95. Reviewed by Charles Joyner, Burroughs Professor ofHistory Coastal Carolina University. He is author of"Down the Riverside: A South Community. More than twenty years ago, young assistant archivist Archives brought an unusual document to attention of Jordan, visiting historian. cover note said "these four sheets paper" were "the literal, original testimony taken down" Lemuel P. Connor regarding "uprising negroe Slaves near Natchez Miss just before War." The document, written in Connor's own hand, consisted reports slaves, two them examined twice, about slave rebellion unknown dimensions Adams County, Mississippi, mid-September 1862. Fascinated, both historian thought subject might be developed article. had been discovered quashed slaveholders, least twenty-seven slaves executed. Yet, as Jordan began look for corroborating evidence , he found that "this plot was kept so quiet time it has since remained virtually unknown, or not historians, (so far can discovered) even spoken living descendants antagonists." After more decades exhaustively searching documents patiently sifting obscure array "fragmentary often ambiguous" sources, produced Creek. book only history particular conspiracy, but also engaging detective story philosophical treatise on what calls nature historical inference." intensively cross-examines his sources teases out meaning their collective silence, silence says "lies like smothering tarpaulin mountain pain 1861." offers possibilities, proofs; nevertheless sets extraordinarily high standard analysis. While makes no explicit claims anthropological method, careful ethnographic details allows meanings become visible. unusually sensitive otherness people past, implicitly responding dictum Claude Lévi-Strauss "both ethnography are concerned with societies other one which we live." who took part Creek, writes, "need seriously individuals agendas concerns, they did situations very different from ours and, indeed, participating culture that, matter how much influenced our own, longer exists." seeks penetrate surface events discover skeletal substructure beneath tough hide behavior expression. treats Creek collection "texts" cultural actors reveal perceive world. As notes, "Expectations should would do powerfully shaped planned did." In dozen chapters reads against Mississippi environment, its sights, sounds, voices; water, land, work; politics, ideologies, leaders; rebels road travelers; women, black white. pays slaves' orientation. Such close analysis perfectly exemplifies others have called "ethnographic history." Jordan's perception pattern anthropologist Victor Turner's conception "social drama," structured Reviews107 rather space guided subjective paradigms heads actors, "root" reach toward fundamental assumptions undergird society. "a collaborative effort, white sides cooperating collectively amongst themselves without fully knowing it, each because shared possible, likely, right." will enhance... | review | en | Spanish Civil War|Silence|Archivist|State (computer science)|History|Birth certificate|Law|Subject (documents)|Classics|Art|Sociology|Archaeology|Political science|Library science|Demography|Aesthetics|Population|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/scu.1994.0023 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2022480130', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/scu.1994.0023', 'mag': '2022480130'} | Jordan | C144024400 | Sociology | Southern Cultures |
<i>United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change</i> (review) | Michelle Mannering (https://openalex.org/A5017652603) | 1,996 | Book Reviews United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change Peter J. Schraeder New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. Xxiii, 347. Tables, appendices, index. has written a solid analysis of U.S. foreign policy Africa in the post-World War II era, while proposing theoretical framework through which to examine both elements continuity processes change. His thesis is that formulation conduct habitually remained hands governmental agency bureaucrats, particular, those departments State Defense CIA. As result, routinization been predominant, except brief periods crisis have compelled intervention by presidents, members Congress, or, more rarely, private interest or citizen groups. Hence, incrementalism, change his subtitle neatly encapsulates main theme. Schraeder's focus political; devoting work examining role presidents their advisors, competing agenda myriad offices, branches, committees make up diplomatic security establishment, he aptly demonstrates ways subverted, either from entrenched interests absence reward if not punishment meted out few makers inclined innovation. approach well suited particular audiences, scholars diplomats, African as U.S., whom wishes address. One principal concerns continuous diminution political strategic considerations and, consequence, shallow, crisis-oriented content policy. He contends, fact, post-1945 era characterized far reaction events than implementation sustained rational policies predicated on concrete, Africa-centered goals. To large extent, these® Northeast Studies (ISSN 0740-9133) Vol. 3, No. 3 (New Series) 1996, pp. 139-153139 140 faults are attributable Eurocentric bias exacerbated Cold War. But also includes discussions impact an exoticism still prevalent views Africa, especially what calls "the safari tradition journalism" (p. 4). chooses three case studies—Zaire, Ethiopian-Somalian conflict, South Africa—to illustrate thesis. relationship with Zaire makes clear unlikelihood substantive direction presidential congressional intervention. In only prolonged crisis, domestic groups even likely become involved. examination conflict nations' manipulation first Great Powers then superpowers timely illustration politics evolution international This critical perspective often absent U.S.-centered analysis. Three decades civil war Ethiopia critique Washington's persistent view "as solution non-African problems" 181). A new rendition old Swahili proverb sums prognosis for next century: "When elephants love, grass suffers just much" 247). Like other analysts, notes potential transmogrify Islamic movements into threat national interests—one familiar Americans era. Such perception could preserve agencycentered , security-driven so damaging Africans last fifty years. book volume 31 series International Relations; tables, select bibliography, methodology valuable components thoughtful reconsideration Michelle Mannering Butler's ... | review | en | Incrementalism|Foreign policy|Political science|Politics|State (computer science)|Theme (computing)|Public administration|Political economy|Law|Sociology|Algorithm|Computer science|Operating system | https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1996.0030 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2087085003', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.1996.0030', 'mag': '2087085003'} | Somalia | C144024400 | Sociology | Northeast African Studies |
<i>Until Antietam: The Life and Letters of Major General Israel B. Richardson, U.S. Army</i> (review) | Gregory R. Jones (https://openalex.org/A5024391083) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Until Antietam: The Life and Letters of Major General Israel B. Richardson, U.S. Army Gregory R. Jones Army. Jack C. Mason. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8093-2947-2, 234 pp., cloth, $29.95. Maj. Gen. Richardson received the nickname "Fighting Dick" from Winfield Scott for his tenacity in Mexican War. His proved to define career, leadership style, performance battle. Mason's biography, Army, explores Richardson's with a special focus on style. Mason argues that aggressive battlefield style relaxed off-the-battlefield demeanor made him popular men as well fellow commanders. This biography combines anecdotes an amiable, if somewhat reserved, general battle reports remarkable soldier who served Mexico, frontier, American Civil early part career at West Point. stories time cadet depict well-mannered young man. experiences illnesses interactions cadets create image gentleman, more refined than ruthless. Once he was stationed out west following graduation, toughness appeared. describes first combat Mexico gradually painful violent. asserts Battle Monterrey key turning point because mentor died there. explains, "The loss so many officers friends, not only within regiment but also throughout army (nine deaths Point class fifty-two, rate almost twenty percent), would always motivate set enforce high standards" (61). went fight Isabel, Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, Chapultepec. [End Page 289] encounters like those colleagues, gave credibility military necessities mid-nineteenth century. disliked work War, south west, either fighting Native Americans or combating idleness among soldiers. writes, fact [Mexican War veterans'] principal source during this period isolated duty speaks ability motivator, instructor, role model" (67). end began war colonel 2d Michigan Infantry quickly rose through ranks. He distinguished himself service Potomac outspoken critic George McClellan. After fatal injury Antietam, President Lincoln allegedly told upon recovery get McClellan's job. never recovered. portrays life by utilizing both general's words representation actions are detailed yet quite vibrant exciting. book makes welcome contribution overall study Union leadership, filling void fascinating, seldom-studied general. Kent State Copyright © 2011 Press | review | en | Biography|Battle|Spanish Civil War|Honor|History|Frontier|Cadet|Portrait|Art history|Sociology|Law|Ancient history|Political science|Computer science|Operating system | https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0064 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2077343381', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0064', 'mag': '2077343381'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Civil War History |
<i>Veterans in Higher Education: When Johnny and Jane Come Marching to Campus</i> (review) | David Vacchi (https://openalex.org/A5048155355) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Veterans in Higher Education: When Johnny and Jane Come Marching to Campus David Vacchi DiRamio Kathryn Jarvis. Campus. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011. 144 pp. Paper: $29.00. ISBN: 978-1-1181-5079-5. Jarvis of Auburn University have contributed this volume for the ASHE Education Report Series, one first books dedicated student experiences veterans. I approached book as a veteran with more than 20 years active duty service numerous deployments, including Operations Iraqi Enduring Freedom, doctoral researching impact college on offers seven chapters theoretical opinion research useful information “helping professionals,” call us (p. 8), considering veterans developing programming enhance success growing population. Unfortunately, is difficult navigate are not numbered, but instead kitschy academic phrases chapter headings. The best aspect commentary various experts at end six chapters. Alexander Astin, Margaret Baechtold, Marcia Baxter Magolda, John Braxton, Linda Reisser, Nancy Schlossberg offer perspectives honest appraisals which may inform good practices serving For example, women uneven flawed assumptions strong negative description plight military followed by rationale how develop characteristics necessary succeed 79). However an Air Force veteran, saves providing informed perspective comments such “Nothing alienates female seeing staff automatically ask about or recognize men assume that because they women, veterans” 80). Despite instance veteran’s perspective, greatest weakness it lacks evidence most areas. This work reflects consensus nontraditional students. However, much current retreats Tinto’s (1975) traditional departure, “Transitions 2.0” highlights empirical rationales convincingly suggest theories appropriate veterans, insufficiency modeling attrition 36). acknowledgement, use model, reinforcing its inefficacy, do address implications incongruity their theory. demonstrate students who connect comfortably only like-minded peers risk departure 35) yet rationalize creation office facilitates connecting largely other only. authors frequently cite emphasizing link between social integration persistence inappropriately contributor 47) despite acknowledging recent literature also relies heavily Schlossberg’s transition theory (1981), was designed understanding general transitions adults without specific context higher education experiences. elaborate mixed DiRamio’s earlier work, used 4S In light using experienced group leaders facilitate 19), surprising DiRamio, Ackerman, Mitchell’s (2008) coach help 93, Fig. 2). Moving away from deficit Tinto Schlossberg, scholars might explore success, rather presume failing, assumption provide no evidence. Discerning readers notice seem portray services, veterans’ organizations offices, panaceas success. Yet, again, provides support claim. Further, suggestion higher... | review | en | Population|Military service|Duty|Active duty|Higher education|Psychology|Gerontology|Sociology|Media studies|Medical education|Medicine|Law|Political science|Military personnel|Demography | https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2012.0055 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2085173538', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2012.0055', 'mag': '2085173538'} | Iraq | C144024400 | Sociology | The Review of Higher Education |
<i>Vier jüdische Philosophinnen: Rosa Luxemburg, Simone Weil, Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt</i>, and: <i>Denken und Handeln als Jüdin: Hannah Arendts politische Theorie vor 1950</i> (review) | Erlis Glass (https://openalex.org/A5036167242) | 1,998 | 164 SHOFAR Spring 1998 Vol. 16, No.3 • Eliezer Ashkenazi (1513-1586), who will be of special note to all readers interested in interfaith dialogue. Sherwin claims that is an early pluralist held the incredible view that, Sherwin's words, "religious absolutism a sin, while religious pluralism God" (p. 40). Israel Salanter (1810-1933), brilliant Lithuanian Talmudic scholar, founded Musar [ethical self-perfection] Movement became very influential among Yeshivot Poland. Salanter, one most Jewish thinkers nineteenth century Poland-Lithuania, stressed primary goal human beings attainment spiritual perfection. Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972), perhaps more than anyone has revealed us spirit East European Jewry. In [mal chapter book, "The Land We Shared," deals with complex issue Polish-Jewish relations. He does not accept Polish stereotype there never been antisemitism Poland nor Poles are notorious antisemites. Until German-Austrian Nazi occupation, served as great haven for Jews. For preceding thousand years it had America Europe. ofparticipation and Catholic-Jewish dialogue give him good insight into many inaccurate generalizations about Jews Poles. 1992, he was given first Man Reconciliation award from Council ofChristians 1995 Officer's Medal Merit, presidential medal Republic Poland, his contribution Many no doubt [md evaluation contemporary American Judaism problematic. But enriched by in-depth exploration dazzling spirituality ofEast book reminds me ofthe writing ofAbraham Heschel, whom each word precious. few sentences able capture critical idea tradition precision force. Rabbi combines excellent scholarship eloquent style. Harold Kasimow Religious Studies Department Grinnell College Vier judische Philosophinnen: Rosa Luxemburg, Simone Weil, Edith Stein, Hannah Arendt, Reiner Wimmer. Tiibingen: Attempto Press, 1990 [third edition, 1995]. 308 pp. DM 39.· Denken und Handeln als Judin: Arendts politische Theorie vor 1950, Iris Pilling. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996. 307 $57.95. Book Reviews 165 The Wimmer dealing WeiI, Arendt compiled series lectures designed commemorate fiftieth anniversary Reichspbgromnacht. It obvious success I because this third printing. original were intended introduce highlight contributions ofthese women; thus, contains scholarly apparatus minimum notes. These facts do detract its appeal. begins justifying designation woman philosopher, since both Weil Stein llad intimate ties Catholicism. Each enjoys popular reputation 'isaintly" figure, particularly Christian circles. Wimmer's arguments convincing, :except tendency excerpt other critics so extensively fill entire pages quoted sources. sometimes leans heavily on standard title. This feature pronounced only introduction, although excerpts official biograpHers figure prominently at beginning ofmost chapters. ; Fascinatingly celebrated still popular, these four women born roughly same time, treats them chronologically. attempt make striking comparisons betweenlthem, but instead presents unique. Luxemburg clarifies or coh-ects assumptions her life role Communist initiatives auring part century. A lively, balanced idealist, writer! friend, theorist emerges context provided here. treatment even helpful discussion Luxemburg. recreates demplary fashion family milieu, physical limitation, French bureaucratic situation which... | review | en | Judaism|Nazism|Religious studies|Perfection|Antisemitism|German|Theology|Philosophy|Politics|History|Sociology|Law|Political science|Linguistics | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0033 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1994363685', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1998.0033', 'mag': '1994363685'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>Vines Intertwined: A History of Jews and Christians from the Babylonian Exile to the Advent of Islam</i> (review) | Robert L. Wilken (https://openalex.org/A5058995579) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Vines Intertwined: A History of Jews and Christians from the Babylonian Exile to Advent Islam Robert Louis Wilken Islam. By Leo Duprée Sandgren. (Peabody, MA: Hendrikson Publishers. 2010. Pp. xxvi, 838. $34.95 paperback. ISBN 978-1-598-56083-1.) Over last two generations there has been a revolution in understanding relation between Christianity Judaism ancient world. Sixty years ago, study early Christian history was carried on almost wholly without reference Jews. Scholars showed great interest that existed prior beginning Christianity, but once Church established, were all forgotten. scholars learned biblical Hebrew, saw no need master language rabbis or Jewish communities alongside cities Middle East. Although it well known thinkers had written works response (for example, Tertullian's treatise Adversus Iudaeos), thought these treatises dealing with "Scheinproblem"—an apparent, not real, issue. With publication James Parkes's The Conflict Synagogue (London, 1934) Marcel Simon's Verus Israel. Étude sur les relations entre chrétiens et juifs dans l'empire romain (135-425) (Paris, 1948), began realize very much part foreground during formative Church's history. At same time growing awareness West enormity crimes against World War II profoundly altered sensibilities toward Intertwined, bird's-eye view before rise interaction first six centuries, is fruit more than scholarship. Sandgren's aim neither offer new overarching interpretation this long period nor call attention neglected forgotten sources. He set out write survey vast historical many different players, institutions, cultural contexts, events, ideas. For field, book may cover familiar terrain, sees things such perspective. Sandgren done his homework, he deals number writings are only specialists field—for Byzantine work "The Teaching Jacob Newly Baptized. "He section Persian Empire, topic which few western give attention. major figures as Ss. John Chrysostom Augustine, along Pope Gregory Great's Jews, Julian Apostate, imperial laws occupation Jerusalem, Muslim conquest. [End Page 739] account travails Jerusalem fails emphasize by seventh century city. tone irenic, judgments fair-minded. obvious ax grind. Because scope book, treatment individuals events brief seldom touches theological issues underlying conflict Christians. précis modern secondary literature persons readers will find Intertwined useful guide. University Virginia Copyright © 2011 Catholic America Press | review | en | Judaism|Islam|Christianity|History|Hebrew|Religious studies|Classics|Middle Ages|Early Christianity|Theology|Ancient history|Philosophy|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2011.0210 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2016909823', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2011.0210', 'mag': '2016909823'} | Israel | C111936747 | Early Christianity | Catholic Historical Review |
<i>Violence in Francophone African and Caribbean Women's Literature</i> (review) | Jöelle Vitiello (https://openalex.org/A5079412568) | 2,011 | Reviewed by: Violence in Francophone African and Caribbean Women's Literature Joëlle Vitiello Kalisa, Chantal . Literature. Lincoln London: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. Pp. viii; 225. ISBN 978-0-8032-1102-5. $45.00, cloth. Kalisa's study examines violence literature by women since the sixties. While first chapter is both an affirmation a critique Frantz Fanon's conceptualization derived from colonialism racism his more specific engagement with war liberation Algeria, four chapters devoted to women's texts compare narratives. The comparative element allows author how represented post- neo-colonial as well Martinique Guadeloupe, places that have not achieved independence. focuses on affecting black it portrayed these two different contexts. It always difficult somewhat arbitrary select which books compare: this study, selection includes writers who published sixties (Michèle Lacrosil), seventies (Simone Schwarz-Bart), eighties (the novels Calixthe Beyala, Nadine Bari), nineties (Ken Bugul, Gisèle Pineau, Edwidge Danticat), at turn century (Monique Ilboudo). Some included already been studied widely though variety angles, including violence, yet Kalisa adds some remarkable insights into works Danticat Ilboudo. She also introduces Franco-Guinean writer Bari, known francophone studies. familial, cultural military are particularly compelling. analysis Pineau's novel, L'Espérancemacadam, [End Page 148] revolves around reinterpretation communal, domestic intimate space, builds Françoise Lionnet's concept "geographies pain." through very attentive reading text, unveils for reader dissociation (from their bodies, houses, relationships) experienced community Savane Mulet. careful language used characters Beyala's book, C'est le soleil qui m'a brûlée, equally powerful its interpretation culture colonial/post-colonial affects across generations women, particular young girls, once internalize resist rape culture. successful analyzing state Danticat's novels, crosses sphere. theorizes writing form testimonial, something has herself fully articulated her Create Dangerously: Immigrant Artist Work (Princeton 2010), book. Farming Bones, about 1937 massacre Haitians Dominican Republic. In section, specificity affected such traumas woman's perspective would better defined comparison Jacques-Stephen Alexis's Compère Général Soleil René Philoctète's Massacre River same massacres. Bari's journey find husband's body Sekou Touré's Guinea poignant addresses connections between affect, individual collective memory forgetting, healing, genres (essay, autobiography fiction). Each text analyzed response negative evocation colonized agency during colonial, post-colonial, nation-building periods, whether he power, race, inter-racial relationships or role Algerian liberation. sees Guadeloupean Michèle Lacrosil's Cajou narrative consciously engages Black Skin, White Masks provides example gendered colonial alienation Fanon does quite acknowledge according Kalisa. chapter, "Frantz Fanon, Women, Colonial Violence," position based principally reception (and misinterpretation) Martinican Mayotte Capécia's Je... | review | en | Martinique|French|Caribbean literature|Colonialism|Gender studies|History|Racism|Neocolonialism|Narrative|Humanities|Anthropology|Art|Ethnology|Sociology|Literature|West indies|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2011.0008 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1993298764', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2011.0008', 'mag': '1993298764'} | Algeria | C144024400 | Sociology | Women in French Studies |
<i>Voices of Israel: Essays on and Interviews with Yehuda Amichai, A. B. Yehoshua, T. Carmi, Aharon Appelfeld, Amos Oz</i> (review) | Zvi Malachi (https://openalex.org/A5058093131) | 1,996 | Book Reviews 173 they are faster. This vehicle is original, its seats luxurious, and if this as fast it goes, enough. Dayenu. Neal Singer Science Writer Sandia National laboratories Voices ofIsrael: Essays on Interviews with Yehuda Amichai, A. B. Yehoshua, T. Carmi, Aharon Appelfeld, Amos Oz, by Joseph Cohen. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990. $54.50 (c)j $17.50 (P). During the 1980s Cohen, then Director Jewish Studies Program at Tulane University, taped interviews these five Israeli writers. What makes book that much more interesting fact Mr. Cohen proceeded to include full-scale analyses works discussed in interviews. A chapter was thus dedicated each writers, who participated not only agreeing be interviewed but afterwards continuing answer queries send encouragement author, he tells us Acknowledgments. Each rounded out notes a bibliographical nature reference other critical works; whole happily completed means an index, making thereby very useful indeed for scholar. There is, however, lot will enjoyed interested layman well. Its fascination lies cultural realm which authors grew up part Cohen's background, yet literature quite clearly his business. The author own accord does know Hebrew. He therefore offers apologies Preface: "Since I am Hebrew scholar do read Hebrew, since my expertise literature, such may be, American British poetry fiction, make most modest claims critiques book. would first admit whatever thoseclaims inversely proportional degree ofchutzpah displayed undertaking write authoritatively about body could original had tenuous previous connections." apology proffered modesty actually superfluous, the. bears witness author's sensitivity language writers treated See, example, what has say Carmi p. 90, "My Michael" 143. If there need counterweight, capable 174 SHOFAR Winter 1996 Vol. 14, NO.2 discerning lines bind "New Wave," those appeared stage after War Independence , literary education were raised their homeland western tradition influences. Especially notewonhy views "Breakdown Causality," one components Alben Einstein's theory. chapters divided into two pans: analysis author. striking subjectivity. Thus Amichai's struggle God placed center works: "Amichai, like Shapiro, keeps intimate, unfriendly Covenant God, preclusive religion an, constantly challenging Him" (p. 10). stands contrast him: "Unlike observed interview me little patience Mysticism, adding 'it didn't anything [him]' Carmi" 89). After declares "In Land ofIsrael" byAmos Oz falls outside scope here, observes "Where Jackals Howl" Israel" became well known, strength narrative qualities latter "because came widely United States, Oz's name household word creating him national audience novels novellas, however remarkable, flat produced... | review | en | Realm|Judaism|Sociology|Psychology|Media studies|Philosophy|Theology|Law|Political science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0130 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2022555451', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.1996.0130', 'mag': '2022555451'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
<i>Waging Peace in Sudan</i> (review) | Scopas S. Poggo (https://openalex.org/A5090183005) | 2,012 | Reviewed by: Waging Peace in Sudan Scopas S. Poggo (bio) Sudan, by Hilde F. Johnson Brighton, Great Britain: Sussex Academic Press, 2011: 234 pages. $34.95 paper. The formerly the largest country Africa, witnessed longest civil war on continent. Although it was a nation characterized diversity ethnicity, race, culture, religion, and resources (land water), never enjoyed peace, stability, or economic development during much of post-independent period. Out fifty years independence, “Old Sudan” experienced forty-four conflict, only eleven relative peace. Northern-dominated civilian military regimes Khartoum were largely responsible for fomenting conflicts sowing seeds discord hostility hearts minds various ethnic groups who inhabited peripheral marginalized regions Sudan. Thus schism created between core periphery. It this context that people South took up arms to wage wars liberation against ruling clique several decades. During first (1955–1972), both North exerted efforts end hostilities through peace negotiations. This clearly evident “The Round-Table Conference March 1965, ultimately Addis Ababa talks 1971–72. Sudanese rebel leaders, government delegates, members international community (O.A.U. Secretariat, World Council Churches, All Africa diplomats from African nations), society, participated directly indirectly ended war. same process also exhibited second (1983–2005) when SPLM/A held with Kokadam (Ethiopia) period 1986–89, Abuja (Nigeria) 1992–93, consequently Machakos, Nakuru, Naivasha (Kenya) 2002–2005. third final negotiations (IGAD, UN, AU, USA, Norway, United Kingdom) became deeply involved bring about an amicable Sudan’s Foreign scholars, Northern politicians intellectuals have written narratives, presented intellectual discourses Southern rebels successive Khartoum. Three authors narratives [End Page 335] They include Abel Alier, Sudan: Too Many Agreements Dishonored. 2nd ed. Khartoum: A. 2003. Steven Wondu Ann Lesch, Battle An Analysis Conferences 1992–1993. Lanham, MD: University Press America, Inc., 2000 Joseph Lagu, Odyssey Through State: From Ruin Hope. Omdurman: MOB Center Studies, 2006. Johnson’s book, is important addition narrative historiography Her book distinguishes itself other books terms its comprehensiveness, meticulous coverage events, her unique ability interact all walks life, command English language. reference guide resolutions twenty-first century. no stranger As Norway’s Minister Overseas Development, she familiar geography history country. description people, cultures, religions, regions, information few pages helps reader understand geographical historical perspectives. impressive intellect, eloquent speech, good sense humor, persuasive skills enabled with, fully personalities whom worked throughout light these qualities has been able describe brief biographies Dr. John Garang de Mabior (the leader) Mr. Ali... | review | en | Context (archaeology)|Political science|Spanish Civil War|Ethnic group|Independence (probability theory)|Peacekeeping|Politics|Law|Gender studies|Sociology|Geography|Statistics|Mathematics|Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.2012.0037 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1967144854', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/nas.2012.0037', 'mag': '1967144854'} | Sudan | C144024400|C183761623 | Peacekeeping|Sociology | Northeast African Studies |
<i>Waqf</i> in Zaydī Yemen | Eirik Hovden (https://openalex.org/A5020999126) | 2,019 | Islamic foundations (waqf, pl. awqāf) have been an integral part of Yemeni society both for managing private wealth and as a legal frame charity public infrastructure. This book focuses on four socially grounded fields knowledge: fiqh, codification, individual waqf cases, everyday waqf-related knowledge. It combines textual analysis with ethnography seeks to understand how law is approached, used, produced, validated in selected topics where there are tensions between ideals pragmatic rules. The study analyses central Zaydī fiqh works such the Sharḥ al-azhār cluster, imamic decrees, fatwās, documents, mostly from Zaydī, northern Yemen. | book | en | Waqf|Fiqh|Islam|Sharia|Ethnography|Political science|Frame (networking)|Law|Sociology|Philosophy|Theology|Engineering|Anthropology|Telecommunications | https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377844 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W4229840248', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004377844'} | Yemen | C144024400 | Sociology | |
<i>We Remember with Reverence and Love: American Jews and the Myth of Silence after the Holocaust, 1945–1962</i> (review) | Nancy Isserman (https://openalex.org/A5070861336) | 2,010 | Reviewed by: We Remember with Reverence and Love: American Jews the Myth of Silence after Holocaust, 1945–1962 Nancy Isserman 1945–1962, by Hasia Diner. New York: York University Press, 2009. 527 pp. $29.95. In With Diner thoroughly discredits theory "myth silence" that she documents has governed academic writings on Holocaust since mid 1960s. The "Myth Silence" refers to theories Peter Novick, Norman Finkelstein, others who have written in period right World War II meant very little Americans. Americans suffered from a "collective amnesia" which blocked all public discussion according these writers. did not find place Jewish communal life, stated, until community changed response Eichmann trial early 1960s, Six Day 1967, increasing prominence State Israel. But fact, through meticulous documentation examination archives organizations, camps, synagogues, schools, publications, shows community's postwar created "vast, unorganized spontaneous project sought keep alive [End Page 201] image Europe's murdered Jews" (p. 11). This consisted three parts: memorials words, images, arts; rhetoric political arena using deaths six million address needs survivors punish perpetrators; references advance causes important order strengthen life culture. was amorphous, no one organization controlling its design output religious body dictating content. It is Diner's contention activities this commemorate events dead led better organized, funded, bigger projects last half twentieth century. example example, book describes extent breadth vast undertaking occurred war. such items as small physical markers or displays articles synagogues cemeteries contrast large well-funded exhibits museums latter century yizker bikhurs (memorial books) focusing specific communities calls "symbolic tombstones." Artistic works spanned creative spectrum music drama dance. Articles books, magazines, newspapers, scholarly journals, other venues shared insights about only within but broader well. in-depth provides supports conclusion later scholars ignored grassroots nature "vibrant variegated memorial repertoire" commemorated immediate period. commemoration efforts, revealed for first time careful detail, stands, her clear evidence centrality However, question arises while examining why myth silence gained stronghold minds their children. What happened cause disregard ignore 1945 1960s? attributes situation several factors. Later focused relatively few criticized efforts. Moreover, thinks mammoth size commemorations second completely overshadowed what went before. also fit new historical scholarship stated want appear victims. postulated wanted buy into white suburban middle class society, it the... | review | en | The Holocaust|Reverence|Silence|Mythology|Judaism|World War II|Sociology|History|State (computer science)|Literature|Psychoanalysis|Religious studies|Classics|Law|Theology|Art|Aesthetics|Philosophy|Psychology|Political science|Algorithm|Computer science | https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0467 | {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2079384986', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1353/sho.0.0467', 'mag': '2079384986'} | Israel | C144024400 | Sociology | Shofar |
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