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http://anthropology.yale.edu/guide/subfields-anthropology | Home About Us People Academics Courses Labs & Research Centers News Colloquiums Home > Graduate Program Outline > Subfields of Anthropology Subfields of Anthropology Because the scholarly and research interests of most students are readily identifiable as centering in one of the four conventionally recognized subfields of anthropology โ archaeology , linguistic anthropology , physical anthropology , and sociocultural anthropology โ the Department formulates guidelines for study within each of these subfields . It is recognized , however , that the boundaries of these subfields are to some degree conventional and do overlap and fluctuate , and that significant scholarly and scientific work often requires that they be transcended . Archaeology Archaeology and prehistory are represented by a core group of full - time faculty within Anthropology and by supporting faculty in other departments such as Classics , Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations , History of Art , and Geology and Geophysics . Specialties include areal foci on Mesoamerica and South America , the Near East , China , and Africa ; the origins of agriculture ; the development of complex societies ; and ethnoarchaeology . The Department has laboratory facilities for archaeological research , as well as access to major collections held by the Peabody Museum . Training is available Biological Anthropology The focus on the biological anthropology program is the evolution of humans and other primates , including the study of morphology , ecology and behavior . It draws additional strength from the other subfields of anthropology , especially archaeology and ecological anthropology . Outside anthropology , the program has close and long - standing links to the Departments of Genetics , Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Geology , Surgery , and the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies . The Department has also collaborated with the Departments of Mechanical Engineering , Orthopedics and Rehabilitation , Psychology , and Neurobiology . Yale Biological Anthropology Laboratories ( YBAL ) Yale Molecular Anthropology Laboratory Yale Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory , and the Yale Reproductive Ecology Laboratory websites for further information . The Peabody Museum of Natural History also offers extensive collections and resources . Sociocultural Anthropology Many of the Department โ s faculty offer course work and research supervision on topics in sociocultural anthropology , as do several other members of the University faculty located in other departments and schools . Areas especially well represented include East Asia ( China and Japan ) , Southeast Asia , Latin America ( including the Caribbean ) , Sub - Saharan Africa , Insular Pacific , and Afro - American cultures . Several members of the faculty are especially conversant with and sympathetic to political - economic - historical perspectives and approaches , and to analyses of social change Linguistic anthropology has also been a major component of the Department since its inception , and some degree of sophistication in the subject is , we hold , essential to most work in most other subfields of anthropology . Therefore , students in general , and especially those concentrating in sociocultural anthropology , are strongly urged to take advantage of the resources that this branch of the Department has to offer . Specialties of faculty members in the Department focusing on linguistic anthropology include areal foci on South and Southeast Asia ; the relevance of language and linguistics to sociocultural description ; โน Faculty Advisory Committees up Combined Ph . D . Programs โบ | [
"Anthropology",
"Biological Anthropology"
] |
http://antiantifa-usa.blogspot.com/ | Friday , November 27 , 2009 Members of Chicago Antifa Arrested at Irving Event Between 8 - 5 members from various Antifa chapters were arrested in Chicago Illinois after disrupting a November 24th lecture by the British Historian David Irving . The event , which was booked at the Edelweiss restaurant , was interrupted before it even began . While the guests present for the event were in the midst of ordering their meals a group of mask clad anarchist / anti - fascist entered the restaurant quickly causing a disturbance . During the melee members of Antifa attacked the restaurant staff along with a number of guests and tables with cans of paint According to a first hand account posted on Irvings online diary , Antifa was met with stiff resistance by the attendees who defended themselves with chairs and beer mugs , including an individual who blocked the restaurants exit and ripped a mask from the face of one of the attackers . Antifa is currently encouraging people to threaten the Edelweiss restaurant if they assist in the legal case against those arrested : From an email : " David irving was disrupted and shut down tonight ( Nov . 24 ) in chicago at Edelweiss restaurant at 7650 w Irving park road . A few people were arrested shortly after . We ask anyone willing to help out to call Edelweiss at 1708 452 - 6040 and let them know that their involvement in the case of the arrestees will only lead to exposing them for what they are ; Nazi sympathizers ! " - Taken from the One Peoples Project website Information is still coming in on the identities of the anti - fascists who were arrested , if you have any information on them feel free to pass it along . So far this is all we ' ve got : * The license plate of one car used by Antifa : Illinois plate G189 059 * One of the attackers was carrying a Colorado ID On another note , the following phone number belongs to a certain individual from Boston , MA who left the following message on David Irving ' s voice mail : " We ' re not going away . You will not survive . " ( 857 ) 204 - 3909 Irving ' s account taken from his " Radical ' s Diary " Posted by ANTI - ANTIFA ! at 4 : 43 PM 3 comments : Philly ARA Shut Down 2010 East Coast Oi ! Fest ? Despite any conformation from Antifa the word going around on the streets at the moment is that members of the Philadelphia ARA are responsible for the Starlight Ballroom backing out of hosting next years East Coast Oi ! Fest . And given the ARA ' s history of interfering with shows and bands they deem unacceptable , this does n ' t sound too far fetched . The Philadelphia ARA crossed a line in similar fashion earlier this year when they tried to police the hardcore scene by threatening the First Unitarian Church and R5 Productions because of their unwillingness to cancel a reunion show by the controversial hardcore band One Life Crew , something we ' ll eventually get around to writing about . But aside from a bit of speculation and a few rumors about East Coast Oi ! Fest , the only thing confirming any of this is a brief statement released by the shows promoter , Craig Downtown : ECOF 2010 CANCELLED OFFICIAL RELEASE I ' m going to keep this simple and to the point . At least I will try . The ECOF 2010 has been cancelled . You can thank the folks who called the club with " scare " tactics . . . .You know who you are . . . . . .the club has pulled the plug on the show . I refuse to play games with these assholes . . .Not going to bother looking for another venue . . . . .More trouble than it ' s worth . . . .Someone is trying to sabatoge the show . . .I do n ' t have the money to gamble on whether or not the It ' s been fun . Cheers Craig Posted by ANTI - ANTIFA ! at 4 : 09 PM No comments : Sunday , November 15 , 2009 Antifa ' s NJ / NYC Attacks on David Irving When we first heard that David Irving was going to be passing through the North East on his latest speaking tour we knew it was going to involve some serious theatrics from the local Antifa crowd . And sure enough , the usual suspects wasted no time in going through the motions and calling for direct action against the controversial WW2 historian . For those of you not familiar with David Irving , he is a British Historian best known for his books challenging the accepted views on a number of emotionally charged subjects that range from the Third Reich & Adolf Hitler to the Jewish Holocaust and the bombing of Japan and Dresden . His work and open association with various Nationalist groups over the years has earned him a reputation for being a " nazi sympathizer " and a " Holocaust Denier " . Neither of which we have any interest discussing here , despite the fact that his work has often been taken out of context for propaganda purposes which are necessary to justify the violent actions of Antifa and the oppressive measures taken by various European Governments . Now , we all know that Antifa is not interested in stepping up to the plate for any type of debate despite their claims about Irving ' s security measures being set in place to keep people away that could possibly challenge his arguments . Debate can only be had when you have those you are debating in the same room with you , which you tried so hard to avoid and always do . ( One Peoples Project Antifa does this for two reason : 1 . ) They rely heavily on misinformation and Anti - Fascist ( " radical " Leftist ) dogma & rhetoric which more often than not does n ' t hold up well next to the person or event in question . 2 . ) Because they uphold a universally employed policy of censorship known as " No Platform for Fascist " . A view that all ideological opponents should be silenced and prohibited from expressing their ideas in public or in private . The later of the two is something that can only be maintained with the assistance of the state or through a series of threats , violence and harassment carried out by Anti - fascists , which explains their actions along with the security measures employed by David Irving . The following report was compiled using information gathered directly from Antifa websites claiming responsibility for the attacks against David Irving and his guests . UPDATE ! DAVID IRVING ' S SITE HAS BEEN HACKED ! INFORMATION ON POSSIBLE SUPPORTERS LEAKED ON FRONT PAGE ! GO TO WWW . FOCAL . ORG FOR MORE INFORMATION ! IRVING CURRENTLY WORKING ON SITE , SO GO THERE BEFORE INFORMATION IS GONE ! One Peopl es Project November 13 2009 Unknown members of Antifa hacked the personal website of David Irving , destroying files , emails and using his own site to re - post and distribute numerous correspondences and private information on guest who used his site to register for his latest speaking engagements . The information included the full names , home addresses , telephone numbers and email addresses along with banking information and the private locations for Irving ' s lectures . The following message was left by the hackers themselves : Hitler - loving Holocaust - denying David Irving ' s speaking tour is being attacked on the streets and on the internet as he makes his way to speak on Saturday in New York City . We have released private email communications , phone numbers and addresses of Irving as well as destroy all files , backups , emails , and databases on his website irvingbooks . com and fpp . co . uk . We also released personal information on people who have attended the speaking tour , made book purchases , or online donations as a warning to those who would support people like David Irving . We did this to expose this Nazi - sympathizer for who he is and to shut down / disrupt any possibility of Irving rearing his fascist head in public during his tour . To David Irving and all aspiring white power , anti - immigrant , queer - bashing , racist pigs , give it up ! We will fight you on the streets and on the internet until you are swept into the dustbin of history . November 13th 2009 Wayne , New Jersey Residents Against David Irving ( RADI ) , the latest front group propped up by New Jersey Antifa to gather support from local residents who would otherwise want nothing to do with them , were duped into launching a phone jam against the American Legion Hall Post 175 in Wayne , NJ , a faux venue location obtained from Daivd Irving himself . RADI is believed to be the work of Greg Pason , National Secretary for the Socialist Party USA , and his wife Andrea Pason , who just so happens to be the Female Chair of the Socialist Daryle Lamont Jenkins , Andrea Pason & Greg Pason November 13th 2009 Pompton Plains , New Jersey After being duped into harassing a bogus venue , members of Antifa finally located the actual venue for Irving ' s lecture that night at the Best Western Regency House and Suites in Pompton Plains , NJ . Despite accounts of Antifa standing outside of the hotel and chanting in front of the window to the conference room where the lecture was taking place , there really is n ' t much worth mentioning here . Although several reports confirming the presence of Jarad Schultz and Tom Keenan among NJ Antifa have been brought to our attention . * Notice Police in plain view of Antifa : Click on the photo to view larger image The folloing is a video of NJ Antifa chanting outside of David Irving ' s confrence room : November 14th 2009 New York , New York Originally scheduled to meet outside of the leftist / anarchist collective ABC NO RIO that was hosting a punk show that night , members of NYC / NJ Antifa , or whatever name they chose to use for the night , eventually located the meeting point for Irving ' s scheduled lecture in NYC . Despite a police presence , roughly 30 masked Anti - fascists entered the Doubletree Guest Suites in Times Square - New York City where they attempted to break into the conference room hosting Irving ' s lecture . After having the doors shut & locked in their faces they quickly focused their efforts on two of Irving ' s The following was reported on the One Peoples Project website as part of the article : RUNNING UP THAT HILL ( AND OUT OF THIS TOWN ) : NYC HUMILIATES DAVID IRVING Admittedly , we were a little late to the dance , but once we were alerted to the whereabouts of Irving ' s talk , hilariously booked at the Times Square Doubletree Hotel as " The Real History Conference , " we activated our network of shadowy agents . A little reconnaissance goes a long way , and we quickly found the best route onto the sixth floor of the hotel . Once there , thirty pissed off anti - fascists rushed the door . Of course Irving and his protectors quickly closed and dead - bolted themselves inside , An empty hallway makes for great acoustics , and our chanting crowd clearly rattled not only the doors and walls , but also the attendees inside . At the behest of the stranded Nazis , hotel security rushed in and tried to physically remove us from the area . Naturally , we protected ourselves and each other , finding our way down the stairs and out the fire exit onto Broadway . As we exited , chaos prevailed . There were tourists and cops and waiting comrades and hotel security and a lone bald neo - Nazi , all trying 6 : 16 PM No comments : Labels : Andrea Pason Daryle Lamont Jenkins Greg Pason Friday , July 3 , 2009 Spanish Patriot Imprisoned for Defending Himself Against Antifa Mob The case of Spanish Patriot Josue is not unusual in the sense that government & judicial agencies in step with the media , and Antifa , have once again used the target of an attack by Anti - fascists as a scapegoat for the clearly defined and intended actions of Antifa : to disrupt , injure or kill anyone them deem fascist . Here in America and abroad the case has remained very much the same when assaults are carried out by anti - racist / anti - fascist groups against their intended targets : When consequences occur , Antifa immediately blames those responsible for holding them accountable for their own actions . The police become tools of the " racist / fascist " police state for holding them to the rule of law and denying them special privileges ; i.e condoning their actions based upon their targets political affiliations . And when these intended targets strike back in self defense , Antifa immediately reverts to victim status , claiming to be yet another victim of racist / fascist violence and calls for immediate action which is generally echoed by the Media and various government At the moment we are not aware of the current status regarding this incident and would appreciate any updates that are available . The following report is a Spanish to English translation taken directly from the Freedom for Josue blogspot : On November the 11th 2007 a despicable extreme left - wing crowd entered the Legazpi tube station platform , in Madrid . They had clear intentions : to assault everyone suspicious of being โ Spanish patriots โ since at the same time , not far from there , it was held a meeting organized by a nationalist Spanish party allowed and legalized by the Government Sub - delegate โ s Office . The members of the extreme left - wing and antifascist group only had in mind to storm the said meeting and attack the more people the better . While this crowd took up the tube platforms heading to start violent riots , into one of the coaches it was Josue , a young man whose look could be taken as a provocation by the violent extreme left - wingers . Josue noticed immediately the serious risk for his life ( a platform full of extreme left - wingers and antifascists looking for a victim ) . He was alone and outside the coach there were more than 50 people . He resolved to protect his life . The doors opened and the coach was getting full of this despicable crowd . These misfits immediately detected Josue and were ready to attack and lynch him ( in a tube CCTV video widespread by mass media you can see , on second 39 , one of the extreme left - wingers located in front of the door drawing a brass knuckle ; the rest were just laughing and looking daggers at him due to his look ) . Josue , in spite of he was ready to protect his life , tried to leave the place when all the Many of us know what โ s happen next ; many people know they โ re not going to discuss about the International Socialism virtues or the nationalization of the banks . No . Many of us know the next step is a huge beating , a brass knuckle beating your jaw or your ribs and even a stab . That โ s the truth . And Josue resolved he was not going to let them lead him to the hospital and go into a coma ; Josue decided he was not going to be another victim , just like It does n โ t matter if Josue was into a certain kind of ideology or not . If he liked football or bullfighting . Josue was quietly travelling by tube , ALONE . And he was harassed by 50 enraged antifascists who had only one motivation that morning : to face โ fascism โ violently . Please , spread the truth of this case . Do n โ t let the information manipulation , the mass media trial Josue is facing and the hypocrisy displayed by Madrid extreme left - wing has no coverage among your acquaintances ( relatives , friends , workmates โฆ ) . They are playing with the life of a man who simply did what a good person would have done in his place : DEFEND HIS LIFE . ยก ยก JUSTICE FOR JOSUE ! ! ยก ยก FREEDOM FOR JOSUE ! ! ยก ยก DEFENDING YOUR LIFE IS NOT A CRIME ! ! Correspondence You can send your letters to : Josue Estebanez of Daughter Centro penitenciario de Madrid II . Madrid II prison . Mรณdulo 2 Module 2 Carretera Alcalรก - Meco , Km . 5 Carretera Alcala - Meco , Km 5 CP 28870 Alcalรก de Henares . CP 28870 Alcalรก de Henares . Madrid Madrid Contact For any questions relating to the case contact josuelibertad @ gmail . com Related websites josueliberatad . blogspot . com Related articles Carols Javier Palomino : Ayoung model ? Below is actual surveillance footage taken during the incident : 12 : 00 PM 4 comments : Friday , June 19 , 2009 SKINHEADS AGAINST WHITE PEOPLE : Why Are SHARPs So DULL ? Originally by Jim Goad for VICE Magazine Vol . 11 Number 10 : The Hate Issue / 2004 ( * In no way shape or form is the author of this article affiliated with us , our anything else for that matter . ) Blood pours from my nose as I stand on a downtown Portland street corner , arguing with antiracist skinheads about grammar . " Why the FUCK did you have to hit me ? " I implore the half - dozen halfwits half my age who surround me . " If you had a problem with me , why could n ' t you TALK about it ? Fuck , I ' ll spot any one of you 40 IQ points and still outargue you ! " " Dumbass โ โ outargue ' is n ' t a word , " one of them smirks . " It ' s in the DICTIONARY ! It ' s one word ! It ' s not even a HYPHENATE ! " I scream . I wipe my face . Both my palms are covered in my own blood . One of the muttonchopped Brit clones had sucker - punched me while I was in a nondefensive position . I had been standing outside a nightclub ' s pizza window with my severely Jewish - looking Jew girlfriend when I first espied the six skins and a pair of skinettes eyeballing my Iron Cross necklace . I identified them as the Rose City Bomber Boys , a rootin ' , tootin ' , pathologically antiracist skinhead crew who boast one Vietnamese member to deflect attention from the fact that the rest of them are the color of Ivory soap . They claim to no longer be affiliated with the Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice movement , yet I ' ve never heard of them bum - rushing anyone for reasons other than nigger - hating or telling Jew jokes . " What ' s with the Iron Cross ? " one of the white boys had finally grilled me . " It ' s a white thing , " I said sarcastically . " Why do n ' t you punch me for it ? " " That ' s fucked - up , " he grunted . " Yeah , man โ you can make a name for yourself . My name is Jim Goad , and if you hit me , it ' ll be in every paper in the city . " " I ' d like to be the guy who beats Jim Goad up , " he said a microsecond before smashing my nose with his right fist . As the blood started flowing , I looked down the street and saw a cop car about two blocks away . Unlike any of these young rebel skinheads , I ' d been to prison and was on parole . " What the fuck is your problem , anyway ? " I ask as they swarm around me . " You all hate yourselves for being white ? " " I ' m not white , " one of the white boys says . " Bitch , if you went to prison , I ' ll bet the brothers would think you ' re white . " My big - schnozzed girlfriend is screaming that she ' s Jewish and I ' m not a Nazi and what the fuck what the fuck what the fuck ? ! ? โ a dozen years prior , she was the one who dropped a dime to the FBI , ratting out the Nazi skins who ' d beaten an Ethiopian man to death with baseball bats โ a crime from which lily - white Portland , the most Caucasian metro area in the USA , still feels the need to " heal " itself . In essence , she Still surrounded by a half - dozen short - haired mosquitoes , I now see clearly that my only option is to fight . I crack my assailant with an Earnie Shavers - style left hook , staggering him . I land three or four clean punches to his head , while all he can do is tear at my T - shirt like a bitch . A cop car pulls up and we all scatter . All except the two skinettes , who lie to the police that it started when some assholes were shouting racist things . I felt super - macho for days . A golfball - size lump formed on my left - hand middle finger , where I ' d slammed his head . " Goddamn , let me think twice before messing with you ! " the club ' s security guard later laughed . " I ' ve NEVER seen a left hook like that ! You left a dent in that boy ' s head ! " Yes , sir . And I did n ' t feel guilty about it . I was furious . For all my alleged fascism , I ' d NEVER harassed anyone based on their race , gender , sexual orientation , or fashion choices . It was a simple fucking IRON CROSS . And even if I ' d been wearing a goddamned Flavor Flav swastika clock hanging down to my balls , it was NOBODY ' S business to try and bully me about it . A few days later , I see a wheelchair - bound black homeless man who ' d witnessed the fight . " Why were those Nazis bothering you ? " he asks me . " They are n ' t Nazis , " I tell him . " They thought I was a Nazi . " He ' s confused . As am I . As is the rest of the world . I first heard of Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice in the early 90s . Defining themselves as the antidote to Nazi skins , they claim to be the " true " skinheads , reclaiming a tradition the racists had perverted . They operate from the assumption that it is possible โ righteous , even โ to beat someone into embracing racial tolerance . The SHARPies argue that you ca n ' t argue with Nazis โ that Nazis only understand violence โ and they have been proactive in routing white - power elements from the nearly all - white punk - But despite their name , you wo n ' t find SHARPs attacking members of the Nation of Islam , who clearly preach racial prejudice . No , their beef is entirely with white people โ or , for the ones who believe race is only an ideological construct , with the IDEA of whiteness . Only whites can be racist , goes their thinking , so only whites deserve to have their noses broken for it โ by other whites , of course , who are n ' t being patronizing to black people or Jews at all by The SHARPs believe it ' s horrible to harass people for their skin color but MANDATORY to bully them over their alleged beliefs . A terrible thing to exterminate racial " scum " but a sacred duty to wipe out ideological " scum . " Their antifascist rhetoric is amusingly fascistic . SMASH the Nazis with the Fist of Solidarity ! LYNCH the racist scum ! Do n ' t let the sun set on you in THIS town , Nazi ! In Portland โ once known as skinhead capital of the U.S. โ SHARPs staged several strategic battles with racist skin gangs such as East Side White Pride . In 1993 , Eric Banks , singer for white - power band Bound for Glory , was shot dead on the P - town streets by SHARP associates . Banks ' s murder did n ' t get nearly as much publicity as the Nazis ' baseball - bat bludgeoning of the Ethiopian , because as we all know , human lives are NOT equal , and the life of a white , male American Nazi is CLEARLY not worth as much as an Ethiopian immigrant ' s . We all know this to be a fact , so let ' s not even GO there . In Portland , the antiracist skins were perhaps a little TOO successful in their mission . I moved here in ' 94 . Ten years later , to my touristy disappointment , I ' ve yet to see a single Nazi skinhead anywhere in town . And because there are no real Nazis left , the SHARPs had to broadly expand their definition of what constitutes a Nazi in order to justify their existence . Greasers , since they embraced a style from the segregation era , became prime targets for lopsided SHARPie beatdowns . So did skateboarders who wore the Independent logo with its evil Iron Cross . Really , anyone who made eye contact with them and did n ' t cower โ or whatever intrepid soul dared question their thuggish Stalinist tactics โ became an automatic Nazi worthy of a pummeling . I ' ve heard one story after the next of the Rose City boys smashing pint glasses in faces , holding a knife to a girl ' s throat , kicking a kid in the face when he was already down , and beating the brains out of a skinny German teen because he was n ' t ashamed of being German . And despite all the violence , and regardless of their loudly barked anticop stance , what ' s queer is that they hardly ever get arrested . Some have murmured that they must have friends in high places , sympathetic string pullers willing to allow just about any act of antiracist hooliganism so long as Portland ' s streets are kept Nazi - free . See , it ' s like this โ although they pose as street warriors bravely fighting a racist society , the truth is that SHARPs operate with society ' s overwhelming sympathy โ all the news outlets , all the courts , all but a paltry handful of psychopathic racist nutjobs are APPALLED by Nazis to the point where they believe murder is too good for ' em . In 2004 , you risk very little by saying you hate Nazis . It ' s such a popular stance , it borders on cowardly . The bottom line is that SHARPs enjoy the homoerotic rush of boys bonding together through crisp uniforms and manly blood oaths , of sublimating their Rosicrucian cumlust through the orgiastic ritual of joining together and attacking another male ' s body . Nothing wrong with that , really . What ' s despicable is that they just ca n ' t come out and admit it . Instead , they hide behind the risk - free shield of anti - racism , the last refuge of scoundrels . A few days after my initial run - in with the anti - Nazis โ also , ironically , a few days after a white - power website accused me of being a Jew lover and a race traitor โ a representative of the Rose City skins meets with me and explains that his gang has no beef with me โ it was merely a personal thing between me and the sucker - puncher , who had read my work and decided I was a " sick " individual who needed to be killed . Sucker - punch boy had " That ' s ludicrous ! " I say , resentful that I even have to explain myself . " I ' ll give you my books โ you can see for yourself . I ' ve never written anything remotely like that . My book The Redneck Manifesto is the most nonracist book in the world โ it argues that class , not race , is what ' s important . " " I do n ' t want to read your stuff , " he says , almost wary that it might rub off on him . " All you had to do was take off that Iron Cross , and everything would have been OK . " " But that ' s just the point โ nobody appointed you the police . Fuck , you guys dress all British , and that ' s the most racist nation in history ! It was n ' t the Americans who enslaved Africa and colonized India and China . And while we ' re on the topic , I ' m Irish , and frankly , I ' m a little offended by your UK fetish . But the difference between me and you is that I do n ' t dictate what you should wear . So who ' s the real asshole here ? Who ' s the real fascist ? Again , if any of you have a problem with me , I ' m always available for a debate . I love to argue ideas . " Some things are NOT open for debate , " he says ominously . " WE were the ones who put the shackles on the black man ' s ankles , and WE were the ones who brought them here . " I do n ' t know how old this cat was , but I sure as fuck was n ' t alive when all that shit went down . And I ' m not going to swallow a guilt trip for crimes I did n ' t commit . Guess that makes me an automatic Nazi , huh ? Nearly a year later , I ' m invited to a friend ' s bar to introduce another friend ' s band when nine or so Rose City boys show up and begin vibing the room . A couple of them bump into me on purpose . Normally neurotic and skittish , but a fearless lion in the face of danger , I walk straight up to them and ask what ' s up . " You ' re a piece of shit , " says their leader , a balding , short - but - thick man in his 30s . He claims to be Jewish and wears a Star of David necklace which โ surprisingly , since I ' m supposed to be a Nazi โ I do n ' t demand that he remove . " Oh , I ' m a piece of shit ? " I say . " So , I ' m scum ? So , I ' m worthless ? So , I need to be exterminated ? Funny , that ' s how Nazis used to look at Jews . " " You ' re a sad man , " he says , getting nose - to - nose . " Sometimes I ' m happy , sometimes I ' m sad . " " I know who I am , " he announces with dumb pride . " I know who I am , too , " I counter , " and I do n ' t need to be surrounded by nine guys to prove it . " " You ' re a nobody , " he tells me , his uncomprehending , beady eyes flaring with anger . " I ' m known around the world , " I say . " You ' re only known by your road dogs and maybe a dozen other people in this town . " " You ca n ' t even argue with me on a logistical level , " he proclaims . " You ' re a moron and ca n ' t even use words properly , " I tell him . Unable to argue , he head - butts me . But it does n ' t hurt . It does n ' t even break the skin . I have the hardest head on earth . I ' m still on parole . I ' m not going to fight nine guys . I ' m not going back to prison over some clowns who ca n ' t even articulate why they hate me . The Armenian bar owner asks Jewskin why he head - butted me . " He does n ' t like black people , " the Jewskin lies . " Well , I ' m a sand nigger , " says the bar owner . " Are you going to hit me , too ? " Yes . The bar erupts into a brawl . I leave before the cops arrive . The Portland police consider the Rose City skins to be Oregon ' s second - largest gang . Their " logistical " leader is suspected by police to be the primary shooter in one homicide and an accomplice in several attempted homicides . In 1992 , he beat a 16 - year - old alleged Nazi kid into a coma , causing permanent brain damage ( in the kid โ not sure what caused the assailant ' s obvious brain damage ) . A few months later , I see fat , bald Jewskin and two of his henchmen outside another downtown Portland club . A manic - depressive , black cowboy date - rapist had tipped them off to my presence there . When I spot the Jewskin , I tell my friends to go inside . " Hey , Goad , you do n ' t like me and I do n ' t like you , " he says , walking up to me . " Yeah , that about sums it up . " He sucker - punches me . A clean shot to the temple . I ' ve been hit a lot harder . He has a rep as a badass , but maybe he ' s losing his touch . " You know I ' m on parole and I ' m not going to risk fighting on the streets again , " I tell him . " But I will fight you in a boxing ring โ just as long as I get to debate you first and prove to the world what a MORON you are . " " I ' m not too good on the lyrical skills , " he says , admitting that perhaps he ' s stupid , " but let ' s go around the corner and I ' ll show you what I got . " " Again โ I ' m not going to get busted because of you . For some weird reason , the cops do n ' t arrest you guys . But I ' ll fight you in a boxing ring as long as I get to fight you with words first . " And that ' s when I saw a familiar look in his eyes . HATRED . Blind , dumb , animal hatred . The hatred of fools . The hatred of subhumans . You ca n ' t fight hatred with more hatred . And you ca n ' t fight Nazis by acting like a Nazi . It just turns the whole world into Nazis . I ' m off parole now , so the game has changed . I ' m not nearly as hesitant to defend myself should the need arise . I ' ve been beat up dozens of times . No big deal . But if you beat me up , what does that prove ? That might is right ? That ' s a Nazi idea , G . My politics ? I ' m a Goad Supremacist . I ' ve had my ass kicked , but I ' ve never lost an argument . So if you ' re fighting over ideas โ if you ' re really something more than dumb thugs โ why ca n ' t you act like men and DISCUSS those ideas ? Send me your brightest mind โ your sharpest SHARP โ and watch me turn him into a monkey . I do n ' t hate Jews or blacks , but I hate hypocrites . I hate people who hide I want to know what we ' re fighting for . If it ' s free speech , then I ' ll fight . If it ' s the right to think and wear whatever I want , then I ' ll fight for that , too . I just wo n ' t fight for Hitler . My new Jewish girlfriend would n ' t approve . 1 : 30 PM 1 comment : Sunday , May 10 , 2009 Philadelphia ' s " Love Park 4 " Begging for Help . . . . On July 23 , 2007 members of the Philadelphia " Anti - Racist Action " along with Federal and local Law Enforcement officers found the mselves entangled in a rather interesting situation unfolding right in the middle of Philadelphia ' s famed love park . Under the suspicion that a mysterious KKK rally was afoot and scheduled to take place in Love Park that afternoon , both groups found themselve s crossing paths in a not so brotherly way . Tom Keenan , Jason Robbins and Jarad Schultz along with known associ at e and member of the Progressive Labor Party , James McGovern , were arrested after smashing out the windows of a black Ford explorer they believed to be the vehicle of two alleged Ku Klux Klan members . After witnessing two undercover Philadelphia Police officers enter the vehicle , whom , according to court testimony by Lt . John McConnell of the District A ttorney ' s Narcotics Division , were assigned to monitor the events attendance as part of an on going in ves tigation into the Keystone State Skinheads , the four " activists " encircled the vehicle and began k icking it and smashed out one of it ' s windows in typical Antifa fashion . ( Click here for related news article ) Unfortunately for these laughable self proclaimed militants now claiming they were targeted by the police and somehow entrapped into attacking an automobile , the vehicle was also occupied by Police Detective Sean Brennan and FBI Special Agent Stephen Powell who had been monitoring the situation from a distance and retrieved the undercover officers after members of the ARA had confronted them in the park and followed them as they attempted to flee the scene . Jason Robbins ( R ) with his girlfriend ( L ) Jared Schultz ( L ) Tom Kennan ( R ) Now , aside from the typical retreat Antifa makes away from their " militant anti - fascist " fantasy bit right into their phony mild manor , victimized " activist " routine whenever they ' re held accountable for their actions ; what really makes this case worth noting is how it all started . On one hand we have the Police & FBI giving conflicting accounts about the actual origins of this rally , only agreeing on one thing : their presence there being the direct result of orders handed down to record anyone from the Keystone State Skinheads in attendance . And then on the other hand we have the ARA out chasing their own shadows and attacking parked cars based on some rumor about a KKK rally . But the question is , how did the FBI and the ARA end up with the same exact information when the police ca n Sounds like their both on a wild goose chase . Love Park 4 Update : Court and Financial Assistance Needed ( Taken from : www . myspace . com / supportlovepark 4 ) The Love Park 4 case is still slowly winding its way through the court system after almost 2 years . Since the defendants ' successful court date in December , the State has decided to appeal the judge ' s order to reveal the identity of the undercover narcotics officers posing as neo - Nazis in Love Park on July 23 , 2007 . On Tuesday May 12th , Judge Frank Palumbo will hear the State ' s appeal . It has taken four court appearances since December to get to this point , but defense attorneys Paul Hetznecker and Larry Krasner will finally have the opportunity to show Judge Palumbo exactly why Judge Marsha Neifield found in favor of the Love Park 4 defendants ; and why her decision should stand . The Love Park 4 defendants and their lawyers are confident that the State ' s appeal will be defeated ; and that the case will finally be scheduled for trial . The Love Park 4 Defense Committee and Anti - Racist Action are encouraging friends , family , and fellow activists to pack the courtroom on May 12th to show their support and solidarity for the defendants . This will be a good opportunity to show the State and the judge that Jason , Jared and Tom have a large amount of support ; and to send a clear message that State - sponsored harassment of political activists will not go unchallenged . While they appreciate courtroom solidarity , Jason , Tom and Jared want to stress that they understand that with work and school , it is hard to get a day off and have expressed that they would prefer the largest turnout at their actual trial date . So for those people who ca n ' t get that many days off , please save your time off for future court dates . If you do n ' t have work or school on Tuesday - or can easily take off - please come to court to support these dedicated anti - fascist activists . Aside from attending this court date , there are other ways you can help . Because of the State ' s decision to appeal , additional costs have been incurred . Defense lawyers have had to pay for the court transcripts from December ' s motion hearing so that they could successfully prepare for the upcoming appeal hearing . The copy of the transcript cost $ 375 , which Jason , Jared and Tom need to repay to their lawyers . Thanks to the solidarity shown by Anti - Racist Action and Hit the Bricks Distro , $ 165 has already been raised , leaving the defendants in need of $ 210 . Any amount you can donate would be greatly appreciated and very helpful . Please contact us for information on how to donate . For those people who can come to court on May 12th , the hearing is scheduled to start at 9 : 00AM at the Criminal Justice Center , 1301 Filbert Street , Philadelphia - Room 504 . We are asking that everyone who comes to court please dress in an appropriate manner , and behave professionally . Coming to court will help show the judge and district attorney just how much support the Love Park 4 has - but anything negative will only hurt their case . Please keep that in mind when you are planning to attend . In Solidarity with ALL Political Prisoners , The Love Park 4 Defense Committee www . myspace . com / supportlovepark 4 Background on the Love Park 4 On July 23rd 2007 , four Philadelphia - area anti - racist activists were arrested on multiple trumped up charges stemming from a counter - demonstration against a Ku Klux Klan rally that was scheduled to take place in Center City that morning . Two men wearing neo - Nazi t - shirts were verbally confronted by anti - racists and forced to leave . The men then boarded a waiting SUV , at which time another verbal confrontation ensued , at the end of which one of the SUV ' s windows was damaged . Police personnel waited until this point to break their cover and identify themselves - the driver of the SUV was a Philadelphia Police Detective attached to an FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force while the passenger and owner of the vehicle was an FBI special agent . 1 : 26 PM 3 comments : Labels : Jared Schultz Jason Robbins Tom Kennan Friday , May 1 , 2009 A Brief History of the Anti - Communist Punk Movement It ' s commonly heard and far too easy for today ' s so - called โ scene โ to scornfully claim that racialist punks are some kind of new and unde sirable bizarre occurrence , considering how whitewashed and biased the h istory of punk has been thus far . However , the truth , as you will learn , proves to be quite contrary . The history of the racialist punk movement can arguably be traced back to as early as 1977 , with t he birth of the punk subculture in England . However , the first verifiable evidence of the racialist punk movement was a youth division of the British National Front that formed in 1978 called the " Punk Front โ . It started off as a mere political and music related โ zine , but due to its rapid success it quickly turned into a organized group and wave of bands with a considerably significant following , particularly in Leeds , England . The bands who partook in this movement included : The Dentists Homicide The Ventz and The Raw Boys . These โ Punk Front โ bands played the first Rock Against Communism shows the National Front organized , which took place in 1979 . Shortly after those early RAC concerts , the Punk Front had disbanded for various reasons ( which included the incarceration of several members of the group ) . By the early 1980s the National Front started to look towards the skinhead subculture to carry on the youth underground - based movement it had started since the punk scene had unfortunately began to get highly infiltrated by Marxists and various other politically correct followers . Despite the fact that skinheads had become the forerunners of the racialist music movement , there were still many punks to be found throughout E urope who still freely associated and contributed to the White Nationalist movement , even though they were in the minority . In the United States the 1980s saw a large emergence of racial punk crews nationwide , as well as a number of bands . Areas like New Y ork City and Los Angeles were home to some of the largest amounts of racialist punks in the country . They could be found at nearly every show and in various places they were even th e majority of the local scenes . It was n ' t until the later part of the decade that politically correct / anti - racist โ punks " ( with aid from SHARPs ) started to blacklist Nationalistic beliefs within the scene and thus the numbers of openly racialist punks unfortunately started to steadily decline . This gradual reduction in the amount of racialist punks internationally carried on throughout the โ 90s and the increase of multiracial and fashion - orientated people within the subculture quickly skyrocketed . Today we ' re in the midst of seeing of large reemergence of the racialist punk movement . Bands , crew s and individuals are being see n all over the world taking part in this massive revival . This can mainly b e attributed to the dissatisfaction of many individuals in the scene today who are just overwhelmingly tired of the irr ationally politically correct direction the scene has continued to take . Therefore , we may see the racialist punk movement at the largest point it has ever been in within only a few years . Anti - Communist Punk Bands on Myspace : Midgards Soner Forward Area Rotte Charlotte Chaotic Pigss The Jinx Rusty Nailbomb Kontejner 2368 A.B.H. formed in 1981 in Lowestoft England . The first few years in the bands career they remained neutral on the issue of politics and race , although they did acquire a large following among young National Front members ( as many apolitical Punk & Oi ! ba nds in England did at the time ) . However , in 1983 they finally decided to openly display their political beleifs by recording a song which was to be featured on White Noise Records โ This Is White Noise โ EP along side the White Power bands : Skrewdriver Brutal Attack , and The Diehards It can be argued by some that A.B.H. was n โ t necessarily โ National Socialis t โ politically speaking , but it would be foolish to try to claim that they were n โ t White Nationalists . Partaking in a National Front EP alone is p roof enough , let alone their song Nerves of Steel , which is clearly a British White Nationalist song . They released a few EP s and appeared on various Punk & Oi ! compilation records during their duration . They broke - up shortly following the release of the โ This Is White Noise โ EP . Nerves of Steel ( from This Is White Noise โ I look around , what do we see ? A nation once proud & free Nowadays a yankee state , unable to decide your own fate ( chorus ) We are here for our nation Victory or damnation It do n โ t matter how we win Even murder is no sin Kentucky Fried Chicken and Coca Cola The yanks are coming , they โ re taking over Reagan โ s hands around our neck , it โ s our nation he wants to wreck It does n โ t matter which way you turn There โ s always someone trying to pull you down A student bastard , a communist Older Posts Home Subscribe to : Posts ( Atom ) | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/bactrim/bactrim-dosage.html | Bactrim Dosage Dosage of Bactrim : An Introduction The dose of Bactrim ยฎ sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim ) that your healthcare provider recommends will vary , depending on a number of factors , including : The type of infection and bacteria Your height and weight ( for some uses ) Other medical conditions you may have Other medications you may currently be taking . As is always the case , do not adjust your dosage unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so . Bactrim Dosing for Adults The recommended dosing for adults with normal kidney function is as follows : Urinary tract infection UTI ) treatment - - one Bactrim DS or two regular - strength Bactrim tablets every 12 hours for 10 to 14 days Shigellosis or traveler ' s diarrhea treatment - - one Bactrim DS or two regular - strength Bactrim tablets every 12 hours for 5 days Acute worsening of chronic bronchitis treatment - - one Bactrim DS or two regular - strength Bactrim tablets every 12 hours for 14 days Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treatment - - dosage based on weight , taken every 6 hours for 14 to 21 days Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prevention - - one Bactrim DS tablet once daily . Lower Bactrim dosages may be recommended for people with kidney disease . | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/ciprofloxacin/ciprofloxacin-drops.html | Ciprofloxacin Drops Ciprofloxacin is available only by prescription and is used to treat certain bacterial infections . It comes in a variety of strengths and forms , including eye drops and ear drops . Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic ( eye ) drops are used for treating bacterial conjunctivitis ( also called " pink eye " ) and corneal ulcers . The ear drops are approved to treat bacterial infections of the outer ear or ear canal , known medically as acute otitis externa ( sometimes called " swimmer ' s ear " ) . Ciprofloxacin drops are not appropriate for everyone . For example , you may not be able to use this medication safely if you have certain allergies or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding . Although most people tolerate this medication well , ciprofloxacin can cause side effects . The eye drops can cause problems such as eye itching , redness , and burning . The ear drops may cause headaches , ear pain , or itching in the ear . Fortunately , if negative reactions do occur , they tend to be minor and easily treated . ( For more information on these prescription eye and ear drops , click Ciprofloxacin . This eMedTV article describes how this antibiotic works , lists additional side effects , and offers some safety precautions to be aware of before beginning treatment . ) eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/levaquin/generic-levaquin.html | Generic Levaquin Can I Buy Generic Levaquin ? Levaquin ยฎ levofloxacin ) is a prescription antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of different infections . It belongs to a group of medications known as fluoroquinolones , or simply " quinolones " for short . It is a powerful " broad spectrum " antibiotic that is taken just once a day . Brand - name Levaquin is made by Ortho - McNeil Pharmaceutical , Inc . However , the first patent for Levaquin has expired , and the medication is now available in generic form . Availability of Generic Levaquin Generic Levaquin is available in the following strengths and forms : Levofloxacin 250 mg tablets Levofloxacin 500 mg tablets Levofloxacin 750 mg tablets Levofloxacin 25 mg per mL oral solution . The intravenous ( IV ) form of Levaquin is not yet available in generic form . Several different manufacturers are making generic versions of this popular antibiotic , such as : Teva Pharmaceuticals Dr . Reddy ' s Laboratories Greenstone Laboratories . Is Generic Levofloxacin as Good as Levaquin ? All generic medications must undergo certain tests to compare them to brand - name medications . The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) then looks at these tests to decide if the generics are equivalent to the brand - name medications and assigns a rating to each one . Certain ratings mean that the FDA has determined that a generic medication is equivalent to a brand - name medication . For example , all of the generic versions of levofloxacin currently available have an " AA , " " AB , " or " AT " rating , meaning they should be equivalent to Levaquin . However , generic medications are allowed to have different inactive ingredients than the brand - name medication . This might include fillers , dyes , or other ingredients that may cause problems for people with allergies or sensitivities . eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/levaquin/what-is-levaquin-prescribed-for.html | What Is Levaquin Prescribed For ? Levaquin ยฎ levofloxacin ) is prescribed for preventing infection after exposure to inhaled anthrax in adults and children . It is also approved to prevent and treat plague in adults and children . It is also used for treating various types of infections in adults , including : Sinus infections Bronchitis Pneumonia Skin infections Urinary tract infections Kidney infections Prostate infections . This medication is approved for treating the infections listed only when they are caused by certain types of bacteria . Not all bacteria will respond to Levaquin . Also , bacteria have different resistance patterns in different regions of the country . This means that some bacteria may be susceptible to Levaquin in certain parts of the country but not in others . Levaquin is completely ineffective for treating viral illnesses such as the common cold or the flu ( Click What Is Levaquin Used For ? for more information on what Levaquin is prescribed for , how this medication works , and possible off - label uses . ) eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/minocycline/minocycline.html | Minocycline What Is Minocycline ? Minocycline is a prescription antibiotic that is licensed to treat a number of common infections . It is part of a class of antibiotics called tetracyclines What Is Minocycline Used For ? Common uses include the following : Treatment for bacterial infections , such as : Certain types of pneumonia Certain types of urinary tract infections UTIs Rocky Mountain spotted fever Gonorrhea Chlamydia Acne treatment ( see Minocycline for Acne Treatment of anthrax infections . ( Click Minocycline Uses for more information . ) A special extended - release powder form of minocycline is placed in the gums to help treat periodontitis ( gum disease ) . Minocycline has not been approved for use in children under the age of 8 . How Does It Work ? As mentioned , minocycline is part of a class of drugs called tetracyclines . It decreases bacteria ' s ability to make protein . This activity does not directly kill the bacteria , but it does inhibit their growth and multiplication , which gives the immune system a chance to fight the infection . Minocycline also has anti - inflammatory activity . | [
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http://antibiotics.emedtv.com/plaquenil/generic-plaquenil.html | Generic Plaquenil An Overview of Generic Plaquenil Plaquenil ยฎ hydroxychloroquine sulfate ) is a prescription medication used to prevent and treat malaria . It is also used to treat lupus and rheumatoid arthritis Brand - name Plaquenil is made by sanofi - aventis . However , it has come off patent and is now available as a generic . Strengths of Generic Plaquenil Generic Plaquenil is available in one strength - - Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablets . Who Makes Generic Plaquenil ? Generic hydroxychloroquine is made by many different companies , including : Mylan Pharmaceuticals Sandoz Teva Pharmaceuticals Watson Laboratories . Is Generic Hydroxychloroquine as Good as Plaquenil ? All generic medications must undergo certain tests to compare them to brand - name medications . The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) then looks at these tests to decide if the generics are equivalent to the brand - name medications and assigns each generic a rating . An " AB " rating means that the FDA has determined that a generic medication is equivalent to a brand - name medication . All of the generic hydroxychloroquine versions currently available have an " AB " rating , meaning they should be equivalent to Plaquenil . However , generic medications are allowed to have different inactive ingredients than the brand - name medication . This might include fillers or dyes or other ingredients that may cause problems for people with allergies or sensitivities . eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://antimicrobe.org/e15.asp | Chronic Sinusitis D EFINITION Chronic sinusitis has traditionally been attributed to unresolved or improperly treated acute disease . In recent years , it has become apparent that a variety of causes and associations are present in the inflammatory condition of CRS . In 1996 , a task force convened by the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery published definitions of sinusitis and termed the entity " rhinosinusitis " in order to emphasize the relationship of nasal symptoms and nasal pathology to sinus disease ( 3 ) . Subsequently , in 2004 , these definitions were expanded , based on consensus of experts from allergy - immunology , rhinology , infectious disease and radiology ( 5 ) . The currently accepted definition of chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) is inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses with objective evidence of disease by radiographs or nasal endoscopy and with a duration of symptoms and signs of at least 12 weeks . In the lengthy document generated supporting this definition of CRS , evidence supporting a variety of etiologies , some of which are well defined and some of which are theoretical is reviewed . In fact several mechanisms are probably acting concurrently in some patients . E PIDEMIOLOGY Chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) is a diverse group of disorders . The perceived prevalence exceeds the actual prevalence , nevertheless it is common and over 500,000 endoscopic sinus surgeries are performed each year for this indication . Notably , half of patients who complain of CRS symptoms have no objective evidence of disease , either endoscopically or by radiographs ( 12 ) . Within these caveats , it is true that the diagnosis is increasing in prevalence and estimated to affect approximately 31 million Americans a year . Chronic rhinosinusitis is now commonly subdivided into CRS with nasal polyps ( NP ) or CRS without nasal polyps . Each of these categorizations is discussed separately under pathogenesis and clinical manifestations . While there is overlap between these two classifications , this categorization provides a simple mechanism of stratifying patients , recommending therapies and providing prognosis . The incidence of nasal polyps is between 0.2 to 4 % of the population , and increases with age , peaking at age 50 years or greater . A familial history is reported in 14 % of patients . Commonly associated conditions cystic fibrosis , Churg - Strauss syndrome , allergic fungal sinusitis and bacterial rhinosinusitis . The latter two associations are frequently unilateral ( Table 1 ) . The most refractory of the CRS patients with nasal polyps , have a histopathology characterized by eosinophilia and eosinophilic mucin . These patients are also categorized as eosinophilic CRS ( ECRS ) an account for 80 % of nasal polyp patients ( Table 2 Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps may encompass early forms or controlled forms of all the disorders associated with CRS with nasal polyps . In many patients with CRS without nasal polyps , the disease may be associated with structural abnormalities causing obstruction of the outflow tract of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses . In these patients , surgery directed at the limited area of obstruction restores function to the sinuses and is termed functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) . Surgery in these cases may also be successful because it mechanically debrides away biofilms . Patients may develop this disorder after a repeated or prolonged bacterial infection that causes irreversible mucosal thickening or osteoneogenesis , causing an obstruction of the osteomeatal complex . In addition medically refractory CRS reflects immunodeficiency , allergy and exposure to environmental insults . Up to half of patients with medically refractory sinusitis in one retrospective review , had an immunodeficiency including low immunoglobulin levels and impaired cellular function . Prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) disease , CRS was a common finding in the HIV - positive patient , even Atrophic rhinitis is a dry crusty nasal condition in which the lining of the nose is colonized and infected with bacteria . Rhinoscleroma ozenea is the usual pathogen in this unusual infection which is much more commonly seen in the underdeveloped countries and in impoverished conditions . Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis is different from chronic persistent rhinosinusitis . Recurrent sinus infections are considered to fall outside normative patterns , if more than 3 distinct episodes occur a year . A common scenario accounting for this pattern is a parent with young children who attend daycare . In the absence of exposure to sick children , investigations of allergy and immunodeficiency are appropriate . Acute exacerbations of CRS are commonly seen in patients who have already had one or many prior sinus surgeries . These episodes may represent viral , bacterial or non infectious exacerbations of their disease . The organisms cultured in these patients are Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and acute pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza P ATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BACTERIAL CRS Pat hogenesis of Chronic Bacterial Sinusitis Most cases of CRS are inflammatory with only a questionable relationship to traditional bacterial infectious etiologies . Nevertheless , CRS is one of the most common diagnoses for which outpatient antimicrobial therapy is prescribed . There are no blinded controlled studies to date demonstrating efficacy of oral or systemic antimicrobials in chronic rhinosinusitis . Patients with unilateral disease , without nasal polyps are most likely to represent chronic bacterial infectious sinusitis . Anaerobes play a controversial role in CRS ; however both anaerobic and aerobic cultures should be obtained if the diagnosis is suspected . One postulated cause of bacterial 1 2 ) . A bacterial biofilm is relatively resistant to antimicrobial therapy and may demonstrate sensitivity to antimicrobials by culture of the planktonic form , not present in the biofilm form . The most effective treatment of a biofilm is mechanical debridement , either with surgery of with vigorous nasal irrigations , particularly if prior sinus surgery has made the sinus cavities accessible to nasal irrigation . In the presence of long standing disease , osteoneogenesis can be seen thickening the sinus walls radiographically . Whether this is secondary to bacterial infection or other inflammatory causes is unclear ( Figure 1 ) . Histopathologically , patients with chronic bacterial sinusitis will often show a neutrophilic or lymphocytic infiltrate . The microbial flora of patients with prior surgery is complex and no definite relationship exists between therapy directed at these microbes and resolution of disease . Nevertheless it is common to have the patient use antimicrobial washes based on the sensitivities of the organisms cultured endoscopically . Structural and anatomic factors in the early days of endoscopic sinus surgery were felt to be the major cause of CRS . We now recognize that structural factors are just one cause of many . The term ostiomeatal complex describes the physiologic arrangement of the structures into which the maxillary and anterior ethmoid and frontal sinuses โ mucociliary action is directed and through which they are ventilated and drain . Obstruction in the ostiomeatal complex can lead to disease in these dependent sinuses ( Figure 2 and 3 ) . In these situations , endocscopic sinus surgery limited to the area of obstruction can result in restoration of function of the sinuses . In situations where the surgery restores function to the sinuses the term functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) is frequent used . Obstruction in the area the ostiomeatal complex may develop after a prolonged or repeated infection which can lead to irreversible mucosal hypertrophy or osteoneogenesis which then blocks the outflow tracts of the draining sinuses . Maxillary dental infections can cause bacterial maxillary sinusitis . The pathogens are mixed and include anaerobes . Di agnosis Ph ysical Examination The most common finding in patients with chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis is nasal congestion , upper teeth pain on the side of the afflicted maxillary sinus , facial pain or pressure and purulent discharge . Nasal congestion can exist without concomitant sinusitis . Having the patient blow the nasal secretions into a tissue for examination allows one to assess the material for purulence . An otoscope may be useful in anterior rhinoscopy . Ideally nasal endoscopy can be performed . This allows evaluation of the middle meatus and the outflow tracts of the various sinuses . The nasopharynx can be assessed Nasal polyps may be associated with chronic bacterial sinusitis , but generally they are restricted to the side of the infection . Infectious complications of sinusitis , are more common with acute than chronic infections ( 6 ) . If the frontal sinus is infected it may eventually cause an osteomyelitis of the anterior or posterior table . If the anterior table of the frontal sinus is involved then one develops pain and fluctuance over the frontal sinus and may eventually develop a sinus fistula with drainage of purulence . This is termed Pott ' s puffy tumor ( Figure 4 and 5 ) . Mi crobiologic Testing The gold standard for the diagnosis of an infectious agent in sinusitis is an antral tap of the maxillary sinus or the recovery of tissue from an infected sinus surgically . Recently endoscopically guided cultures have gained increased acceptance as a moderately good surrogate for invasive diagnostic procedures . Endoscopically guided cultures have a correlation of 50 to 75 % with antral taps . In CRS the role of bacteria is problematic . Most clinicians consider heavy growth of bacteria to be clinically significant . The role of anaerobic infections in chronic rhinosinusitis is controversial with the literature reporting isolation S . aureus and Gram negatives such as Pseudomonas are isolated in dramatically more cases in CRS than in acute rhinosinusitis . Whether these bacteria are pathogenic or merely colonizers of irreversibly diseased mucosa may vary with the patient and the circumstance . Well over 50 % of patients with nasal polyps will grow S . aureus from their polyps . The most common organism reported in large studies is coagulase negative staphylococci ; however , coagulase negative staphylococci is found even more commonly in normal and is usually discounted as a pathogen . Streptococcus viridans and alpha hemolytic strep are usually considered nonpathogenic . The presence of organisms on a gram stain is an indication of moderate quantity of bacteria . Unfortunately the description of presence of white blood cells is frequently not helpful in CRS because many of these cases are rich in eosinophils regardless of infection and the microbiology lab is unable to differentiate the eosinophil from the neutrophil on the gram stain . The in vitro sensitivities present by microbiologic testing allow direction of the antimicrobial agent to that most specific to the organism . M icrobiology of Bacterial Complications of Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis The most common organisms isolated from all sinogenic intracranial complications are and S . epidermidis , aerobic and anaerobic streptococcus species , although a wide variety of anaerobes , Gram negative bacteria , and even Actinomycetes have been reported . The most common organism isolated from both ocular and intracranial sinogenic complications in children from one institution , was Streptococcus milleri . The S . milleri group includes three species : S . intermedius , S . constellatus , and S . anginosu s , which are commensal organisms present in the oral cavity , gastrointestinal tract , and urogenital system . Unlike other viridans Streptococci , the S . milleri group often is associated with abscess formation . Identification to the species level is difficult and is often unreliable with commercial laboratory kits . On blood agar , S . milleri organisms may be ฮฑ - hemolytic , ฮฒ - hemolytic , or nonhemolytic ( 6 ) . P ATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS : Eosinophilic CRS , Usually Associated with Nasal Polyps While ostio - meatal obstruction is a commonly postulated mechanism for chronic and recurrent bacterial sinusitis , it appears to have little to no role in patients with diffuse sinus disease or with eosinophilic mucin plugs . Rather these patients suffer from a variety of as yet incompletely understood immunologic dysregulations which lead to a clinical picture characterized by eosinophilic mucin , nasal polyps and frequent association with eosinophilic inflammation of the lower airways , usually diagnosed as asthma . Clinical Manifestations Most of these patients have nasal polyps and sticky glue like green mucus . While yellow mucous is associated with viral / bacterial infections , the translucent green mucous in these patients reflects the high eosinophil counts and may or may not be associated with infectious agents . These patients , as with most patients with nasal polyps frequently have absent or impaired sense of smell . Congestion and thickened discolored secretions are common . Facial pain and pressure is less common in these patients then in patients with acute disease or non polypoid disease . Many of these patients Radiographic Findings Radiographs in patients with asthma with or without nasal polyps are frequently positive , even when the patient is asymptomatic with regard to sino - nasal symptoms . A positive radiograph in an asthmatic , including one demonstrating pansinusitis , is hardly ever an emergency , and usually reflects the baseline findings . Close clinical integration of the patient โ s time course of symptoms and any clinically localizing symptoms , with the radiographs is required . Diagnosis is facilitated with endoscopic visualization and endoscopically directed cultures and biopsies if indicated . Radiographs in patients with eosinophilic mucin often show Figure 6 ) . This double density is also seen in Allergic Fungal Sinusitis . Bony erosion of the skull base or orbit is present in up to 20 % of cases and does not indicate fungal invasion ( Figure 7 Diagnosis Physical Examination in Eosinophilic CRS and with Nasal Polyps While nasal endoscopy may be required to visualize nasal polyps which are small or restricted to the sphenoid recess and nasopharynx , large obstructing polyps can be visualized with lighted examination of the anterior nose . The polyps are usually smooth and a light pink to slightly yellow color and may be so large on rare occasions as to completely obstruct the front of the nose . Sticky green mucin plugs are characteristic of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis . In massive nasal polyposis or in subcategories of CRS such as allergic fungal sinusitis ( AFS ) , a remodeling of the facial skeleton may occur and hypertelorism or proptosis may be present . A mucocele ( a dilated sinus filled with mucus because it is unable to empty into the nasal cavity ) may cause double vision by eroding into the orbit . Microbiology The mucin plugs can be submitted for gram stain , fungal , anaerobic and aerobic culture . Anaerobic cultures are seldom submitted in this setting unless the specimen is retrieved anaerobically from the sinuses during a surgical procedure . Microbiologic results are not always concordant with pathology . That is fungi may be seen on pathology of the mucin plugs and not grow from culture . The opposite is true as well and findings must be integrated into the clinical context . As many as 60 % of patients with eosinophilic mucin plugs have bacteria present by staining . The significance of this is not clear . These stains do not necessarily correlate with results from cultures . Over 50 % of nasal polyp patients are colonized with . The role this plays in the disease is also unclear but may be important in superantigen mediated inflammation ( discussed below ) . Cultures are important , if one is treating with antibiotics , since methicillin resistant is increasingly common . Empirically community acquired MRSA is still sensitive to doxiciclin . Whether antimicrobial therapy has a role in this setting is unclear . Theoretical Categorizations of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Within the category of eosinophilic CRS , lie several possible mechanisms of disease . These include superantigen mediated , which is believed to be a result of upregulation of inflammation by exotoxins produced by 9 10 ) . Over half of nasal polyp patients will demonstrate a moderate to heavy growth of . To date , no studies have been performed that show that antimicrobial therapy is efficaccious in this scenario . Other suggested etiologies of eosinophilic CRS include Aspirin Exacerbated Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis , Allergic Fungal Sinusitis and nonallergic fungal eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis ( Table 2 Aspirin exacerbated CRS is also known as Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease ( AERD ) , aspirin intolerant asthma or Samter โ s triad . This grouping associated with an adverse reaction to aspirin is usually typified as an asthma attack , is present in about 5 % of all asthmatics . The syndrome characteristically presents after age 40 . Whether a viral event initiates this hypersensitivity is unknown . Currently the relationship of the development of aspirin sensitivity to superantigens is under investigation . Ingestion of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory agents provokes nasal congestion and bronchoconstriction ( 4 Allergic fungal sinusitis may present in children or adults and may be unilateral or bilateral . The diagnosis depends on detecting hyphae in the eosinophilic mucin extracted from the nose and sinuses . Classically , patients also demonstrate an elevated IgE to the cultured fungus and frequently to many molds and pollens ( 4 ) . Anecdotally systemic and topical antifungals have been helpful ; however randomized controlled trials to date have failed to show significant benefit . In the pulmonary correlate of allergic fungal sinusitis , which is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ( ABPA ) , itraconazole has been shown to be effective ( 13 ) . Immunotherapy directed toward molds may be helpful postoperatively but not prior to surgical extraction of the disease . Recurrence is common and steroids are the mainstay of therapy ( Nonallergic fungal eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis is an entity popularized by Jens Ponikauand colleagues ( 7 ) . These investigators have demonstrated that fungi can be cultured from almost anyone ' s nose whether afflicted with chronic rhinosinusitis or not . They have also suggested that Alternaria can induce an inflammatory reaction in the peripheral blood monocytes of patients with CRS but not normal controls ( 11 ) . In one small pilot study they showed that there was an 8 % reduction in mucosal thickening by sinus CT scan after four months of twice daily irrigation with amphotericin B ; however , there was the significant difference in symptoms in patients treated with amphotericin B and those receiving irrigation with the placebo . Other investigators in randomized controlled trials have demonstrated no difference in patients treated with topical antifungals . Steroids are the main stay of therapy , as in all eosinophilic CRS patients , both topically for control of disease and systemically for flares . ATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE MANIFESTING WITH NASAL DISORDERS Systemic disorders such as pemphigoid , sarcoidosis , Wegener ' s granulomatosis and various vasculitidies can present with refractory rhinosinusitis . Cocaine abuse can present a clinical picture very similar to vasculitis , almost always associated with a septal perforation and is a diagnosis based on exclusion of vasculitis . On top of the diseased and impaired mucosa associated with these disorders , secondary bacterial infection is common ( ) . Clinical Manifestations and Physical Examination Bleeding , scarring and crusting of the lining of the nose extending beyond the most anterior segment is suspicious for the diagnosis of Wegener ' s granulomatosis or hereditary telangectasia . Sarcoidosis produces a cobblestone like appearance to the nasal septum and turbinates . Examination of the oropharynx may reveal thickened white or discolored drainage . Cicatricial pemphigoid is associated with scarring and narrowing of the nasal vestibule and nasal cavity even to the extent of complete obstruction . Radiography In systemic disease , septal perforation particularly with disorders associated with vasculitis is common . The lining of the nasal cavity is also frequently thickened . These findings are however non specific for systemic disease . Laboratory Testing Patients whose nasal mucosa is chronically crusted or cobblestoned in appearance should be evaluated for Wegener ' s granulomatosis and sarcoidosis . The suggested laboratory evaluation for Wegener ' s granulomatosis includes a cANCA and sedimentation rate . An angiotensin converting enzyme level may be half helpful in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis . Laboratory Testing for Bacterial and Eosinophilic CRS From 50 to 80 % of patients with sufficient symptoms to require surgery have allergies , which are usually perennial . This includes all categories of CRS . Allergy testing may be done with blood tests for specific IgE ' s for a panel of antigens or with skin testing , either prick testing or intradermal testing . A suggested in vitro screening for allergies is listed in Table 3 . A total IgE is not an adequate screen for allergies since it may be normal even in the presence of significant allergy . In the entity allergic fungal sinusitis , total IgE is frequently elevated , as well as elevated specific IgE ' s to fungi , particularly dematiaceous fungi such as Alternaria Curvularia Bipolaris . Serum eosinophilia is common in allergic fungal sinusitis and nasal polyps and is associated with refractory and recurrent disease . I mmunodeficiency In patients with recurrent acute sinusitis ( three or more discreet episodes of < eight weeks ) or medically refractory disease , the differential diagnosis includes immunodeficiency . A screening immunodeficiency workup is listed in Table 4 I maging The most useful test for imaging the paranasal sinuses is a coronal sinus CT scan . With high - speed serial sinus CT the radiation dosage is < or equivalent to a full panel sinus series and delivers much greater information . Incidental findings on sinus CT and without clinical significance are common . Rounded retention cysts in the sinuses are usually nonpathologic . Patients with asthma , even with minimal sinus symptoms , frequently have mucosal thickening of all or most of their sinuses ( Figure 2 ) . This common finding must be considered in determining the significance of the positive sinus CT scan in an asthmatic . The CT scan is most helpful when the findings of disease correlate with the patient โ s symptomatology . In addition a completely negative sinus CT scan is valuable in eliminating a sinus infection from the differential diagnosis . Because 80 % of patients with a viral infection will have an abnormal sinus CT scan indistinguishable from the findings on a bacterial sinus infection , a sinus CT scan should only be obtained when the patient โ s A Magnetic Resonance Image ( MRI ) of the sinuses is seldom as helpful as a CT scan . The MRI is far too sensitive to the findings of nasal congestion and also fails to adequately display the bony sinus walls . They magnetic resonance angiogram ( MRA ) is helpful in evaluation of cavernous sinus thrombosis . E MPIRIC THERAPY prior to Definitive Diagnosis In the vast majority of cases initial empiric therapy should include a nasal steroid spray . Nasal douching and saline washes are frequently employed . Because antimicrobial therapy in CRS , if indeed it is secondary to a bacterial agent , may well require a longer course of therapy than with acute disease , an endoscopically guided culture should be performed prior to initiating antimicrobial therapy . If antimicrobial therapy is initiated in the absence of a culture , one should expect clinical improvement within three to four days . In the absence of improvement one should suspect that the 8 ) . Macrolides have interesting anti - inflammatory effects akin to those of corticosteroids . Efficacy of topical and sinus installation antibiotics and antifungals is uncertain . In a completed randomized placebo controlled study , patients with strict entry criteria of prior endoscopic sinus surgery in the presence of purulence were shown to have both objective and subjective improvement on daily nebulized tobramycin compared to placebo . Intravenous antibiotic therapy may be helpful in patients with bacterial rhinosinusitis who have failed oral therapy . These interventions are frequently undertaken in immunocompromised patients such as double lung transplant cystic fibrosis patients . Ideally , the IV therapy is directed by sinus cultures and sensitivities . No controlled studies have documented the superiority of IV administration of antibiotic therapy in CRS . Topical antimicrobials may reduce symptoms and relapse and are outlined in Table 5 Re ferences 1 . Ferguson BJ . Categorization of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis . Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2004 ; 12 : 237 - 242 . [ PubMed ] 2 . Ferguson BJ , Stolz DB . Demonstration of biofilm in human bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis . Am J Rhinol . 2005 ; 19 ( 5 ) : 452 - 457 . [ PubMed ] 3 . Lanza DC , Kennedy DW . Adult rhinosinusitis defined . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 1997 ; 117 : S1 - 7 . . Marple BF . Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis : current theories and management strategies . Laryngoscope . 2001 ; 111 : 1006 โ 1019 . [ PubMed ] 5 . Meltzer EO , Hamilos DL , Hadley JA , et al . Rhinosinusitis : establishing definitions for clinical research and patient care . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2004 ; 114 ( 6 Suppl ) : 155 - 212 . . Oxford LE , McClay J . Complications of acute sinusitis in children . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2005 ; 133 ( 1 ) : 32 - 37 . [ PubMed ] 7 . Ponikau JU , Sherris DA , Kern EB , et al . The diagnosis and incidence of allergic fungal sinusitis . Mayo Clin Proc . 1999 ; 515 : 18 โ 21 . 8 . Ragab SM , Lund VJ , Scadding G . Evaluation of the medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis : a prospective , randomized , controlled trial . Laryngoscope . 2004 ; 114 ( 5 ) : 923 - 930 . 9 . Schubert MS . A superantigen hypothesis for the pathogenesis of chronic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis , allergic fungal sinusitis , and related disorders . Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . 2001 ; 87 : 181 โ 188 . 10 . Seiberling KA , Conley DB , Tripathi A , et al . Superantigens and chronic rhinosinusitis : detection of staphylococcal exotoxins in nasal polyps . Laryngoscope . 2005 ; 115 ( 9 ) : 1580 - 1585 . 11 . Shin SH , Ponikau JU , Sherris DA , et al . Chronic rhinosinusitis : an enhanced immune response to ubiquitous airborne fungi . J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2004 ; 114 ( 6 ) : 1369 - 1375 . 12 . Stankiewicz JA , Chow JM . Nasal endoscopy and the definition and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis . Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg . 2002 ; 126 : 623 - 627 . 13 . Stevens DA , Schwartz HJ , Lee JY , et al . A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis . N Engl J Med . 2000 ; 342 : 756 โ 762 . | [
"Chronic Sinusitis",
"EPIDEMIOLOGY"
] |
http://antiphon.org.uk/index.php/submissions | Submissions Please follow these guidelines when submitting your work to Antiphon We are happy to read up to four poems that have not been published elsewhere online workshopping is fine but not publication in a magazine or blog Please take note of this weve rejected a number of submissions recently as they were already available on the web Simultaneous submissions are fine but please let us know if your work is accepted elsewhere before we have got back to you We aim to contact you within around 12 weeks and often sooner If wed like to retain work for consideration for a later issue we will let you know Please note that due to the volume of submissions now we ask that you submit only once for each issue that way we can keep response times as short as possible Were looking for original interesting work that is carefully crafted with attention paid to sound rhythm and image Were friendly towards metrical and nonmetrical work We now publish the magazine as a pdf which can be downloaded and printed if readers wish Readings of some of the poems can be found on our blog httpantiphonorgukwordpress If your work is accepted for publication we will offer you the chance to submit a recording Were afraid that were running on a budget of pretty much no money at all and cant offer you payment just the satisfaction of seeing it snuggling up to equally exciting poems and reaching a wide audience of discerning readers Please submit through the Submittable link below This is an online submission manager you need to create an account just a username and password and can then upload a document We cant accept poems sent by email unless you are having a real problem with Submittable Please upload all your poems no more than four in one document This is important Please include a short thirdperson biography no more than 100 words Please include a short cover letter Please read our earlier issues before submitting to get a feel for what we are publishing wed love to hear your opinions We are always pleased to read your cover letters By submitting you are confirming that you own the copyright of your submission and are happy for us to publish it online and in pdf format Please note that this website and all issues of the magazine will be archived by the British Library Copyright is retained by the authors All images copyright Rosemary Badcoe or Noel Williams June 2018 | [
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http://antipsychiatry.org/drsmith1.htm | Why I Never Recommend Psychiatric Medications by Douglas C . Smith , M.D . I no longer recommend psychiatric medications to anyone . This seems radical in this country because we are in the midst of the " biological revolution . " Everyone seems to assume medications are are specifically effective for various mental illnesses which are at least in part chemical or genetic in origin . I believe the science behind this is seriously flawed . It is based on false assumptions that lead to self - perpetuating mythology ( and huge profits for drug companies ) . I first gave up on tranquilizers , then antidepressants , then all psychiatric drugs . I learned that there are certain general principles that govern all psychoactive substances and biologic treatments . General Principles : ( 1 ) " Mental illnesses , " even severe ones , are relational ( I ' d say spiritual as well ) . Psychiatry , by focusing almost exclusively on biology , is making itself increasingly irrelevant . ( 2 ) Psychoactive substances provide at best , temporary relief , but always make things worse in the long run . They make things worse directly ( chemically ) and indirectly by distracting from the real issues . ( 3 ) All psychoactive substances have rebound and withdrawal - related problems . " Relapse " rates , in general , during withdrawal from psychiatric drugs , are about 10 times higher than would be expected if the drug had never been taken . ( 4 ) " All biopsychiatric treatments share a common mode of action - - the disruption of normal brain function " ( Peter Breggin , M.D. , Brain Disabling Treatments in Psychiatry , Springer Pub . Co . , 1997 , p . 3 ) . Drugs never correct imbalances . They never improve the brain . They " work " by impairing the brain and dampening feelings in various ways . THE AUTHOR , Douglas C . Smith , M.D. , graduated from Indiana University ( 1982 - Phi Beta Kappa ) and Indiana University School of Medicine ( 1986 ) and completed his psychiatry training in 1990 and is board certified in psychiatry . He also has had additional training in psychoanalysis . He currently lives and practices in Juneau , Alaska . He is on the board of the National Association of Rights Protection and Advocacy and the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology . This article is from Dr . Smith ' s former website Note : Dr . Smith should not be confused with Douglas A . Smith , the webmaster of this website . ) Main Page | Next Article : " On Ritalin & Hyperactivity Disorder " | [
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http://antiqueradios.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=303775 | Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Page 1 of 1 13 posts Author Message Flinx Post subject Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Sun 17 2016 141 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ Does anyone have a copy of the schematic please And any other documentation Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Last edited by Flinx on Jul Sat 23 2016 217 pm edited 1 time in total Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 Posted Jul Fri 22 2016 203 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ Anyone Does anyone know what direction to insert the cards Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 Posted Jul Sat 23 2016 216 pm Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ OK so no one knows how the cards get inserted I sent an email to some guy who has one that he posted about on his website and he never responded Then I noticed that the one on radiomusuem has the card inserted so I assumed that is the correct way to do it I picked a tube I would normally never use 5T8 and connected the unit to my variac dimbulb tester and powered it up with the card in it The chart says a good 5T8 would read 1200 or higher I got about 1400 The unit does not power on without a card in it Which explains why it was listed as not working on shopgoowillorg There are 3 Main issues I will have refurbishing the unit 1 White powder on some of the metal what is it 2 One of the electrolytics is unreadable all the print is messed up 3 The selenium rectifier seems to be in 2 parts why In this picture you can see the electrolytic with the bad printing an extreme closeup of the rectifier see the second picture for how it is wired It looks like the rectifiers are in series there are no markings on it Does anyone know how to tell what the voltage should be for the rectifiers I took some measurements but they where not stable and kept climbing possibly because the electrolytics where reforming I was getting defferent reading depending on how I took them with one reading being over 250vdc Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Sun 24 2016 155 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ I remediated the white stuff I picked up a respirator today and some clear polyurethane I wore gloves and the respirator I began by brushing the powder in to my vacuum cleaner that has a hepa filter Once I got everything I could reach I then gave those parts a thin cote of polyurethane to contain and slow down any more corrosion or whatever it is I will let it dry for 24 hours Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Last edited by Flinx on Feb Sun 12 2017 1248 am edited 1 time in total Top Number 6 Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 Posted Jul Sun 24 2016 209 am Member Joined Jan Fri 17 2014 726 am Posts 1514 Location In the village 19115 Flinx wrote OK so no one knows how the cards get inserted I sent an email to some guy who has one that he posted about on his website and he never responded Then I noticed that the one on radiomusuem has the card inserted so I assumed that is the correct way to do it I picked a tube I would normally never use 5T8 and connected the unit to my variac dimbulb tester and powered it up with the card in it The chart says a good 5T8 would read 1200 or higher I got about 1400 The unit does not power on without a card in it Which explains why it was listed as not working on shopgoowillorg There are 3 Main issues I will have refurbishing the unit 1 White powder on some of the metal what is it 2 One of the electrolytics is unreadable all the print is messed up 3 The selenium rectifier seems to be in 2 parts why In this picture you can see the electrolytic with the bad printing an extreme closeup of the rectifier see the second picture for how it is wired It looks like the rectifiers are in series there are no markings on it Does anyone know how to tell what the voltage should be for the rectifiers I took some measurements but they where not stable and kept climbing possibly because the electrolytics where reforming I was getting defferent reading depending on how I took them with one reading being over 250vdc You should replace that stink bomb with a 1N4007 diode before it goes off I like things that light up tubes bulbs LEDs whatever and things that make noise Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 Posted Jul Sun 24 2016 221 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ Number 6 wrote You should replace that stink bomb with a 1N4007 diode before it goes off Its on my to do list but I wanted to get rid of all the white powder first Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top egg Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Sun 24 2016 307 am Member Joined Jan Tue 31 2012 155 am Posts 5228 Location Mountains of Mourne Ireland Flinx wrote I wore gloves and the respirator Good httpwwwantiqueradioscomforumsviewtopicphpp1828491p1828491 Greg Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Tue 26 2016 241 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ I tried to trace out the power supply around the Selenium rectifiers This is what I think is how it is wired at least part of it It is very difficult to trace I realize I can just drop in a couple of diodes in place of the rectifiers but I do not know what the voltages are supposed to be other than a hint from another website where a guy mentions that this tester puts 150v on the plates What I may end up doing is replacing all the Electrolytics and paper caps but leave the Selenium rectifier in place till I can locate a schematic I still have no idea what the one electrolytics value is other than I can barely read something on it like 350wv or it could be 250wv Since the unit works I will have to pull the unknown cap out and pop it on my capacitor tester and see what it measures at I REALLY need a schematic Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Wed 27 2016 310 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ I replaced all the electrolytics today Here is a pic of the unreadable one I put it on both of my testers an old heathkit and my modern one both showed it was 25uf so either it is 20uf or 30uf I went with 33uf and 450v The other ones I replaced with what they said on them 20uf 250v It is possible that the unreadable one is also supposed to be a 20uf as it look like it was put in at some later date The leads were just resting on the posts and then soldered where the other ones were wrapped I did not have a 250uf 6v for the meter so I used a 220uf 50v I took a picture of the chart inside the lid and made it as readable as I could httpswwwdropboxcomsyekovd45nodbf tpdfdl0 if you want to download it you do NOT have to create an account when prompted I tested a 5t8 6t8 and a 25c5 I am not sure how I am supposed to test some of the tubes because the chart is lacking information For the 5t8 it says to use the cardcal of 17 and a cal of 65 minimum reading should be 1200 For the 6t8 it says the same thing I assume you set the voltage as close to the voltage needed without going over for the 25c5 it was a bit more confusing it called for a cardcal of 2821 and a cal of 10 minimum reading of 7500 There is nothing I am guessing that one chooses for the 5t8 card 17 and sets the voltage to 5 and the cal to 65 But what am I supposed to do with the 25c5 I chose card 28 a voltage of 26 and I thought that the cal should be set to 21 but it was way off the scale setting the cal to 10 gave a better reading All the filter caps tested leaky at their rated voltages and the unreadable one tested leaky at 150v The rectifier closest to the metal plate measures 145v and the other one measures 154v schematic and owners manual still needed Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Wed 27 2016 149 pm Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ I replaced the power cord this morning and while doing that I brushed against a 150ohm resistor that can be seen in the first picture under the power cord it crumbled and I replaced it I did some more testing and it seems that the cardcal means that you insert the card and set the cal to that number say 89 then after getting a reading you change to the other cal number and compare that number to the read number it should be the same or higher The life test seems to work I am not sure if the gas test works or not When I select it the needle jumps to max and then drops to 0 I tested a bunch of tubes and some showed good others soso with the soso ones not passing the life test I am sure it needs to be calibrated and I will do that as soon as I get a manual hint Based on a thread I found here on ARF and my own testing the way you use this is THESE ARE NOT CORRECT SEE A LATER POST Set the voltage for the tube set the cal set the test switch to short insert your tube insert the card as quick as you can without breaking it so the contacts spring back properly check for shorts switch to Dynamic Gm and get a reading change to the other cal number and check that against the chart set cal back to the original number switch to Life test see what the meter does switch to Gas not sure what to see here switch back to short remove tube remove card The card controls the power Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Last edited by Flinx on Jul Sat 30 2016 227 am edited 1 time in total Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Fri 29 2016 348 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ My previous post about how to use the device is not entirely correct as I found more information and I will correct it later I did some more testing and the voltages on the selenium rectifier are pretty close to what they should be However the voltages for the volt selector are not in some cases they are 5 volts high even under load I think the gas test works as I tested a 12ax7 and instead of jumping to the highest reading and then falling to zero on this particular tube it hovered in the lower third of the meter so I may have a gassy 12ax7 I am in the process of typing the tube chart in to excel and when I finish I will post a PDF of it Instead of being crammed in to 1 page with tiny print mine will probably take up about 9 pages This will take several days and I will be busy with overtime at work for the next 2 days Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Jul Sat 30 2016 241 am Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ Still working on the tube chart Here are the updated instructions to use the tester Set the voltage for the tube set the Cal set the test switch to Short insert your tube insert the card as quick as you can without breaking it so the contacts spring back properly Check for shorts Switch to Dynamic Gm and get a reading this is the tube quality reading change to the other cal number if it is blank you read only using the first Cal number black scale If the second Cal number does not have an asterisk then take your Gm reading from the black scale if the second Cal number has and Asterisk then take your reading from the RED scale and check that against the chart I think the number on the chart is the minimum reading for the black or red scale If it says READ then the Gm is Switch to Life test see what the meter does Staying at the same reading is good dropping a little bit is OK dropping a lot or slowly continuing to drop could indicate a tube that has been used a lot Switch to Gas The reading should jump to the max and then back to zero If it stops anywhere above zero it indicates how gassy the tube is switch back to Short remove tube remove card As I learn more these instructions could change again Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Flinx Post subject Re Dynamatic Automatic Tube Tester DM456 refurbish Posted Aug Tue 02 2016 600 pm Member Joined Sep Mon 10 2012 1041 pm Posts 3882 Location Phoenix AZ Here is the completed and hopefully accurate dm456 tube chart in pdf format httpswwwdropboxcoms2w2o0uykikx32 tpdfdl0 when prompted to create an account click on No thanks continue to view at the bottom of the popup Then click download in the upper right corner If prompted again to create an account click on No thanks continue to download Everyone you meet is fighting a battle you know nothing about Top Page 1 of 1 13 posts Antique Radio Forums Index Category Test Equipment and Tools Discussions All times are UTC DST Who is online Users browsing this forum xeric and 3 guests | [
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http://antiques.about.com/od/artglass/a/aa021900.htm | Antique Collecting Fenton Glassware Collecting Fancy Frills in Art Glass By Pamela Wiggins Updated 07 / 29 / 18 Gannon ' s Antiques & Art Fenton Art Glass produced beautifully designed glassware between 1905 and 2011 . Many of its unique " frilly " pieces are considered collectibles . Prices range dramatically ; while some items are easily affordable , others can be worth thousands of dollars . Whether you eager to buy or sell , it ' s worth your while to learn more about Fenton Art Glass . History of Fenton Art Glass Fenton Art Glass got its start as a glass decorating company in 1905 painting on plain blanks made by other glassware manufacturers . As demand for the company ' s designs increased , Fenton began to produce its own glassware lines in 1907 after moving from Ohio to Williamstown , West Virginia . During their early years , Fenton found inspiration in the designs of glass masters Tiffany and Steuben . As a result , it introduced iridescent glass collectors now know as carnival glass . Fenton went on to produce more than 130 patterns of this popular glassware , according to information formerly published in Schroeder ' s Antiques Price Guide ( now out of print ) , and some of them sell for very good sums today . Over the years Fenton also manufactured custard glass , chocolate glass , opalescent glass , and stretch glass among others . And , to keep the factory running during the lean Depression and World War II years , it made utilitarian items such as mixing bowls , juice reamers , and other glass kitchen items . In the late 1940s when many glass companies were going out of business , Fenton stayed on course as a result of dedicated family members piloting the company . By 1986 , the third generation of Fentons took charge of the business and continued to make glassware collected and admired around the world . Hobnails , Ruffles , and Crests The popularity of milk glass in the early 1950s led the company to develop a line of white hobnail glass . It was so well - liked during this period that Fenton counted on it as a sure seller for many years . Now , while these milk glass pieces do have their ardent fans , they are usually fairly reasonably priced in the secondary collectibles marketplace . Other hobnail patterns , such as opalescent hobnail on cranberry , blue or green glass , can be worth quite a bit more depending on the item . It ' s hard to generalize on value with these pieces though , so each one much be researched individually to ferret out rarities . The unique ruffled edges found on many Fenton wares also worked perfectly for the creation of the company ' s " crest " lines . Opaque glass , such as custard glass or milk glass , was often used to form the base of these items while a clear or colored border around the ruffled edge added a touch of interest . Pieces with a clear ruffle were named " Silver Crest , " while those with a bright green border were called " Emerald Crest . " Other colors applied in the same fashion are popular with collectors including the " Snow Crest " and " Ebony Crest " pieces with reversed effect along the edges in opaque white or black . Some Ebony Crest pieces can be quite valuable with even small vases selling for prices in the hundreds when they can be found . Evaluating Fenton ' s Marks to Value Glass Many of the Fenton ' s items made since 1973 are already very collectible . These items are marked with an oval - shaped Fenton raised logo molded directly into the glass . Pieces produced before 1973 were marked with various stick - on paper labels which usually wore away with cleaning and handling . While many pieces have an inherent Fenton look about them , others may not be as obvious and further research must be done to verify the maker . In 2004 Fenton issued guides it referred to as its " history books " which were available through numerous glass dealers and directly from the company . Older glass made by this company can be researched through these guides , which are now out of print but can still be located with a little effort . A number of other out of print books on Fenton are also available online , including several excellent reference guides authored by respected glass collectors and experts Margaret and Kenn Whitmyer . Once an older unsigned piece is identified as Fenton , then research can be done to assess the popularity of that particular item in terms of color , design , and decoration . The next step in evaluating a piece requires researching recent selling prices . Some early cranberry and carnival glass pieces can sell in the thousands . Do n ' t let the high values of certain rarities scare you away though . You ' ll find far more Fenton pieces worth much less than $ 100 each . Many pieces sell for as little as $ 10 to 20 , so each one must be researched individually to determine value . A beautiful collection of Fenton can still be amassed very reasonably for folks sticking to a budget . The End of an Era After flirting with financial difficulties for a number of years , this family - owned company officially closed its doors in 2011 . As the largest producer of handmade colored glass in the country , the Fenton factory was the hub of tourism in its area of West Virginia by offering facility tours , a yearly tent sale , and a museum filled with beautiful glass pieces . | [
"Fenton Art Glass",
"glass decorating company",
"glassware manufacturers"
] |
http://antranik.org/how-to-make-a-presta-valve-adapter-in-a-few-seconds/ | Members Area My Training Programs Articles & Tutorials About Me Contact Antranik How to make a presta valve adapter in a few seconds Mind blowingly simple . And this will be a life saver . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . What โ s a presta valve ? The valve on the right is a Schrader valve . The Schrader valve is the same valve that โ s used on car tires . So a bicycle tube with the Schrader valve can be pumped up at your local gas station if no hand pump ( or CO2 cartridge ) is available . The presta valve is on the left . This is typically found in bicycle tubes on many road bikes and some mountain bikes . Since the stem on the presta is a lot narrower , it allows for manufacturers to make narrower wheels and tires . They tend to hold air better than Schrader valves . If you do n โ t have a bicycle pump that accommodates Presta valves ( most allow both nowadays ) , you could just screw on an adapter and inflate it using the pumps at the gas stations . All you have to do So the video up above shows you how to create an impromptu adapter for your presta valve by modifying the valve cap . This way you could pump it using your local gas station or any pump that pumps up Schrader valves . | [
"presta valve adapter",
"bicycle"
] |
http://antranik.org/oxygen-debt/ | Members Area My Training Programs Articles & Tutorials About Me Contact Antranik Oxygen Debt Ever wonder why your pulse and breathing rates do n โ t go back to normal immediately if you โ ve been doing cardio exercise ? You might say , โ Well , it โ s because you ca n โ t just go from breathing fast to breathing normally in a flash . โ Okay , but why not ? And what dictates how long it will take for everything will go back to normal after a hard workout ? If all of us were to start running around our blocks , some people after 3 blocks would be slowing down . Some people would go for 12 blocks . For some people it might be 3 miles . What accounts for the difference ? In part it is due to lactic acid . Why does it build up sooner in some people than in others ? The condition of your heart is the determining factor . The job of your heart is to pump oxygenated blood and deliver it to your skeletal muscles . Most of us have plenty of lung capacity . Unless you suffer from a respiratory disease , we all have plenty of lung capacity to inhale and exhale enough air . But our heart is a muscle and some people have more powerful hearts than others . If the condition of your heart is bad , as in a weak heart , then there is a decreased ability in the delivery of oxygenated blood . When you โ re exercising and your skeletal muscles are n โ t getting enough oxygen , the body must tap into its anaerobic metabolism . This is where the body goes into a mix of aerobic and anaerobic energy production . Fermentation is an anaerobic respiration reaction that occurs when there is not enough oxygen to convert glucose into ATP so the glucose is temporarily converted to lactic acid . The accumulation of lactic acid in muscles contributes to muscle fatigue and muscle cramping . If you keep pushing yourself , and building up your oxygen deficit , your performance will deteriorate . Conversely , if your heart is really strong and powerful , then it โ s pumping lots of oxygenated blood , your muscles are getting plenty of oxygen and aerobic respiration is continuing in your cells and not forming as much lactic acid . Doctors mimic this through something known as a cardiac stress test to see what your heart can do . Doctors want to see how hard they could push you and make you run on a treadmill as hard as you can before you have to tell them to stop the treadmill . Once they stop the treadmill , you will continue to pant because your body needs to repay the oxygen debt that was created during exercise . The doctor will note how quickly your heart rate returns back to normal because it โ s a direct indication of the power and strength of your heart . The greater the accumulation of lactic acid , the more additional oxygen will be required by your body to breathe in so that all the lactic acid can be converted to useful energy through aerobic respiration . This is known as oxygen debt following exercise . That is the reason why you are still panting after after you โ ve already stopped . The stronger your heart is , the shorter that recovery time will be . So how do you improve your endurance ? How do you exercise your heart ? Does lifting weights do it ? Not really . You have to speed up the heart . Any exercise that speeds up your heart rate is known as a cardio work out or aerobic exercise . Running , swimming , bicycling , aerobic dancing are all aerobic or cardio work outs and none of them involve lifting weights . A quick note about High Intensity Interval Training ( HIIT ) can be said here . HIIT involves doing something like โฆ Well . . let โ s say you were running . You start with a 5 minute warm up , then run extremely fast , up to 90 - 95 % of your ability for 1 minute , then walk for 30 seconds and then run again at that high intensity for 1 minute , and walk for 30 seconds . Repeat these intervals 5 - 12 times and then do a cool down walk for 5 minutes so much oxygen debt in such a short amount of time that it ramps up your cellular metabolism for several hours , long after you โ ve stopped working out . | [
"Oxygen Debt",
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"hard workout"
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http://anxietycentre.com/anxiety-symptoms/tingling-tingly-pins-and-needles.shtml | Tingling , Pins and Needles , Paresthesia Anxiety Symptoms Written by : Jim Folk Medically reviewed by : Marilyn Folk , BScN . Last updated : April 3 , 2019 Tingling , pins and needles , paresthesia anxiety symptoms feelings anywhere on or in the body . Since each body is somewhat chemically unique , each person can experience anxiety symptoms in a unique way . With that in mind , the tingly , tingling , pins and needles anxiety symptoms are often described as : You feel : A tingling sensation anywhere on or in the body , including the hands , feet , fingers , toes , head , face , arms , chest , back , groin , mouth , etc . A pins and needles feeling , numbness , pressure , or trembling sensations on or in your arms , hands , legs , feet , head , face , or anywhere on or in the body . A paresthesia feeling anywhere on or in the body . A tingling numbness , prickly feeling anywhere on or in the body . You might experience one , many , or all of these sensations . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms can persistently affect one area only , can shift and affect another area or areas , and can migrate all over and affect many areas over and over again . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms can come and go rarely , occur frequently , or persist indefinitely . For example , you may feel a pins and needles feeling once in a while and not that often , feel it off and on , or feel it all the time . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms may precede , accompany , or follow an escalation of other anxiety sensations and symptoms , or occur by itself . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms can precede , accompany , or follow an episode of nervousness , anxiety , fear , and elevated stress , or occur โ out of the blue โ and for no apparent reason . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms can range in intensity from slight , to moderate , to severe . It can also come in waves , where it โ s strong one moment and eases off the next . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms can change from day to day , and / or from moment to moment . All of the above combinations and variations are common . These tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms often seem more disconcerting when undistracted or when trying to rest or go to sleep . What causes tingling , tingly , pins and needles feelings ? Tingling , tingly , pins and needles feelings can be caused by a number of factors including : Remaining in the same position ( seated or standing ) for a long time Injury or pressure on a nerve ( for example , a back injury can cause numbness in the legs or feet , and a neck injury can cause numbness in the arms and hands ) . Pressure on the spinal nerves ( for example , due to a herniated disk ) Lack of blood supply to an area ( for example , restricted blood flow โ we often refer to it as โ falling asleep , โ or for medical reason such as , plaque buildup from atherosclerosis โ this can cause pain , numbness , and tingling ) Side effects from certain medications A lack of vitamin B12 or other vitamins From radiation therapy Toxic action on the nerves , such as from alcohol , tobacco , or lead Abnormal levels of calcium , potassium , or sodium in the body Tingling , tingly , pins and needles feelings can also be caused by other medical conditions , including : Carpal tunnel syndrome Diabetes Migraines Multiple sclerosis Seizures Stroke Transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) Underactive thyroid Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Pinched nerve Circulation problems Reaction to medication Allergic reaction Tight muscles Vitamin B deficiency Since there are many medical conditions that can cause anxiety and anxiety - like sensations and symptoms , we recommend that all new , changing , persistent , and returning symptoms be discussed with your doctor . If your doctor concludes that your sensations and symptoms are solely stress related ( including anxiety - caused stress ) , you can be confident that there is n ' t another medical reason for them . Generally , most doctors can easily tell the difference between stress - and anxiety - caused sensations and symptoms from those caused by other medical reasons If you are uncertain about your doctor โ s diagnosis , however , you may want to seek a second and even third opinion . But if all three opinions concur , you can be assured that stress ( including the stress that being overly anxious can cause ) is the cause of your sensations and symptoms and not some other medical or biological problem . Why can anxiety cause the tingling , tingly , pins and needles feeling ? When this symptom is caused by anxiety , there can be many factors that cause the tingly , tingling , pins and needles feeling . Here are seven most common : 1 . Being anxious has activated an active stress response Being stressed and anxious ( worried , apprehensive , fretful , fearful ) causes the body to produce the stress response . The stress response secretes stress hormones into the bloodstream where they travel to targeted spots to bring about specific physiological , psychological , and emotional changes that enhance the body โ s ability to deal with a threat โ to either fight with or flee from it โ which is the reason the stress response is often referred to as the fight or flight response . A part of the stress response changes include shunting blood away from parts of the body less vital to survival and to parts more vital to survival . This shunting action can cause a tingling , tingly , pins and needles feeling in various parts of the body when a stress response has been activated . 2 . Stress - response hyperstimulation When stress responses occur infrequently , the body can recover relatively quickly from the physiological , psychological , and emotional changes the stress response brings about . But when stress responses occur too frequently and / or dramatically the body has a more difficult time recovering , which can result in the body remaining in a semi hyper stimulated state , since stress hormones are stimulants . A body that becomes hyperstimulated can behave oddly and erratically , which can be particularly noticeable because of how hyperstimulation affects the nervous system . The nervous system is responsible for sending and receiving sensory information to and from the brain . A main component of the nervous system is specialized cells called neurons ( nerve cells ) , which communicate with each other using an electrochemical process ( the combination of electricity and chemistry ) . For example , when nerve impulse information is received from one of the body โ s senses , neurons relay this nerve impulse information through the nervous system network to the brain for interpretation . And if we want to move a particular muscle or group of muscles , nerve impulse information is sent from the brain through the nervous system network to the particular muscle or groups of muscles to bring about movement ( muscles move through a combination of nerve impulse - triggered muscle contractions and releases ) . Again , this nerve impulse information is conveyed electrochemically This system of communication and reaction works normally when the body and nervous system are healthy . Problems can occur , however , when they become stress - response hyperstimulated . For example , because of their electrochemical properties , neurons are particularly sensitive to stress hormone stimulation . When neurons become overly stimulated , they can act erratically and more involuntarily than normal , which can cause them to โ misreport , โ โ over report , โ and send โ false โ nerve impulse information to and from the brain . These abnormalities can cause a wide range of sensory and physical anomalies , such as experiencing a tingling in head feeling . And because hyperstimulation can cause the electrical activity in the brain to increase , which can cause neurons to become even more unstable , neurons can fire even more erratically and involuntarily when the body , brain , and nervous system become hyperstimulated . The combination of the above factors can cause a wide range of odd and bizarre behaviors , sensations , and feelings . Experiencing tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensations is an example of some of the odd sensations and feelings that can occur as a result of these stress - response hyperstimulation factors . 3 . Hyper - or hypoventilation Hyper - or hypoventilation is another cause of tingling in head symptoms . When we breathe too shallowly and do n โ t take in enough oxygen ( hypoventilation ) , this causes the CO2 levels in the blood to drop , which can cause a tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensation anywhere on or in the body . Some people describe this feeling as an effervescence , prickly , or crawly sensation . If , on the other hand , you are breathing too aggressively and take in too much oxygen , this can also change the CO2 levels in the blood causing hyperventilation , which can also cause a tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensation anywhere on or in the body , as well . Even though these tingling , tingly , pins and needles symptoms can seem odd and even unsettling , they are harmless and need n โ t be a cause for concern . They will subside when you reverse the above causes . 4 . Muscle tension Stress , including the stress caused by stress responses , causes the body โ s muscles to tense and tighten . This tension can cause muscle and muscle groups to experience a tingling , tingly , pins and needles feeling . 5 . Vitamin B deficiency Stress taxes the body โ s resources harder than normal , which can affect the body โ s nutrients , including vitamins . Stress commonly causes a reduction in the body โ s vitamin B . Vitamin B deficiency can also cause a tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensation . 6 . Circulation problems Similar to point 4 , stress , including the stress caused by stress responses , causes the body โ s muscles to tense and tighten . As the body โ s stress elevates , muscle tension can restrict arteries , which can reduce blood flow ( circulation ) . When blood flow is restricted , we can experience tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensations in the parts of the body that are n โ t receiving sufficient blood flow . 7 . Reaction to medication The adverse effects of medications , including anti - anxiety and antidepressant medications , can cause tingling , tingly , pins and needles sensations . This list is not exhaustive , but does represent the majority of anxiety - related causes of the tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms . How to get rid of anxiety caused tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms ? When tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms are caused by apprehensive behavior ( anxiety ) and the accompanying stress response changes , calming yourself down will bring an end to the stress response and its changes . As your body recovers from the active stress response , this tingling in head feeling should subside and you should return to your normal self . Keep in mind that it can take up to 20 minutes or more for the body to recover from a major stress response . But this is normal and should n โ t be When this feeling is caused by stress - response hyperstimulation , it may take a lot more time for the body to recover and to the point where the tingling in head symptoms are eliminated . We explain the many complications to recovery when the body becomes stress - response hyperstimulated in Chapters 2 and 3 in the Recovery Support area of our website . Nevertheless , when the body has fully recovered from either an active stress response or stress - response hyperstimulation , the tingling in head symptoms will completely subside . Therefore , these symptoms need n โ t be a cause for concern . You can speed up the recovery process by reducing your stress , practicing relaxed breathing , increasing your rest and relaxation , and not worrying about this feeling . Sure , the tingling in head symptoms can be unsettling and even bothersome . But again , when your body has recovered from the stress response and / or sustained stress , the tingling in head symptoms will completely disappear . When tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms are caused by hyper - or hypoventilation , regulating your breathing to a normal pattern will restore the proper CO2 levels in the blood , which will eliminate ventilation caused tingling , tingly , pins and needles symptoms . When tingling , tingly , and pins and needles feelings are caused by an adverse reaction to medication , speak with your doctor and pharmacist for more information . When the tingling , tingly , pins and needles feelings are caused by persistently elevated stress , such as from behaving overly anxiously , there are typically NO quick - fix cures for this symptom . Eliminating it requires regularly practicing the above - mentioned strategies and for long enough for the body to recover . But as with all sensations and symptoms of stress ( including the stress caused by being overly anxious ) , they fully disappear when the body โ s stress is returned to a normal level and the body has sufficient time to recover . If you are finding that your anxiety symptoms are persisting longer than you think they should , you may want to join our Recovery Support area and read about the considerations when in recovery . Chapters 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 contain vital information about recovery and recovery expectations . The combination of good self - help information and working with an experienced anxiety disorder therapist is the most effective way to address anxiety disorder and its many symptoms . Until the core causes of anxiety are addressed - the underlying factors that motivate apprehensive behavior - a struggle with anxiety disorder can return again and again . Identifying and successfully addressing anxiety ' s underlying factors is the best way to overcome problematic anxiety . Anxiety attacks can be powerful and overwhelming experiences . But there is help available . We encourage you to explore our website for a comprehensive understanding of anxiety , anxiety attacks , disorders , and their signs and symptoms Also , for more information about our Anxiety Counseling option ; our Available Anxiety Therapists ; to Book An Appointment with one of our anxiety therapists ; information about Anxiety Attacks , Symptoms , and Treatment options ; the signs and symptoms of panic attacks disorder anxiety Recovery Support area ; information about Anxiety ; and our Anxiety 101 section ; or click on the appropriate link or graphic below : Anxiety Counseling Learn More Available Therapists Learn More Book An Appointment Anxiety Symptoms Anxiety Attack Symptoms Panic Attack Symptoms Recovery Support Anxiety Anxiety 101 Return to our anxiety symptoms page . anxietycentre . com : Information , support , and coaching / counseling / therapy for problematic anxiety and its sensations and symptoms , including the tingling , tingly , pins and needles anxiety symptoms . | [
"Tingling",
"Pins and Needles",
"Paresthesia Anxiety"
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http://anxietyforum.net/forum/showthread.php?11112-Rescue-Remedy-It-Works! | Forum Anxiety Disorders General Discussion Rescue Remedy - It Works ! If this is your first visit , be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above . You may have to register before you can post : click the register link above to proceed . To start viewing messages , select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below . Start Your Anxiety Revolution Today For FREE . Click below to watch a short 3 MINUTE video and discover how the free Anxiety Revolution video series can help you overcome your anxiety or panic attacks and change your life . Click Here to Watch the Video Page 1 of 2 1 2 Last Results 1 to 10 of 15 Thread : Rescue Remedy - It Works ! Thread Tools Search Thread Display 06 - 10 - 2012 , 12 : 59 PM # 1 nf1234 Senior Member Join Date Mar 2012 Posts 466 Rescue Remedy - It Works ! I just wanted to share with everyone about something that has helped me with my anxiety . It is called Bach ' s Rescue Remedy and you can get it in stores like GNC ect . I have been using it the past 6 months for situations where I would get anxious . It has helped with presentations ect . Last night I had a pretty bad panic attack and I managed to subdue it fairly quickly using the Rescue Remedy . I had to take a few doses of it but I was amazed how fast it calmed me Reply With Quote 06 - 10 - 2012 , 05 : 26 PM # 2 PanicCured Senior Member Join Date Oct 2011 Posts 1,238 I used to always grab the Klonopins at first sign of a panic attack , but then I started grabbing Rescue Remedy . Instead of grabbing meds , I would grab the Rescue Remedy spray . You can spray it in your mouth unlimited times per day and just carry it with you in your pocket . Sometimes just holding it in my hand and squeezing the bottle , or just knowing it was in my pocket , was enough for me to be able to go out in public . Highly Recommended ! Reply With Quote 06 - 11 - 2012 , 07 : 29 AM # 3 Buttercup Apr 2012 Location Scotland 422 I remember years ago I pretty much drank a bottle of rescue remedy to get me through my driving test . To be honest I view rescue remedy as having a placebo effect but I am always cynical when it comes to natural / herbal remedies . I often think if it was that great then doctor ' s would be precribing it and not medication . I also think that maybe it helps for minor anxiety but not for someone who suffers true anxiety and panic attacks . But as I said , I am a cyinic . I 06 - 11 - 2012 , 08 : 10 AM # 4 bhamlaxy Apr 2012 238 Here ' s another supplement that is VERY highly reviewed - http : / / www . amazon . com / Natural - Vitali . . . / dp / B000WVYB8Y I ' ve been wanting to try it but am nervous about it mixing with my SSRI ( should be fine but still ) . Need to try one or both of these . 10 : 21 PM # 5 PanicCured Oct 2011 1,238 Originally Posted by Buttercup I often think if it was that great then doctor ' s would be precribing it and not medication . This unfortunately , is not how the world works . Herbal Remedies that are powerful are not placebo because they contain actual chemicals inherent in the herbs that create physiological changes . All pharmaceuticals just mask symptoms or get the patient better in the short term , without any long term benefit . Rescue Remedy may be placebo , because it does n ' t contain a lot like herbal remedies , but it worked for me . It ' s flower essences . A true powerful herbal remedy for anxiety and panic is Eastern Essentials Calm and Relaxed Formula . This is definitely not a placebo . http : / / www . amazon . com / Relaxed - - Natur . . .9474569&sr = 1 - 1 11 : 33 PM # 6 nf1234 Mar 2012 466 I really do not think it is a placebo effect because I have taken it during full blown panic attacks and it helped very quickly . Taking a benzo during one of these attacks also helped but took much longer . Im not sure it how it works but I know it has really helped me out . - Bhamlaxy I actually use the Natural Calm magnesium and it does help with anxiety greatly . I recommend you also look into Magnesium Taurate . It is supposed to be on the the most absorbable Magnesium supplements . Natural Calm is great but you can only take so much at once or you will have a laxative effect . Either way its a good product and I recommend it . There is a ton of research out there on Magnesium for anxiety and all sorts of other things . 06 - 12 - 2012 , 12 : 24 AM # 7 hopeNfaith88 Banned May 2012 164 Originally Posted by bhamlaxy Here ' s another supplement that is VERY highly reviewed - http : / / www . amazon . com / Natural - Vitali . . . / dp / B000WVYB8Y I ' ve been wanting to try it but am nervous about it mixing with my SSRI ( should be fine but still ) . Need to try one or both of these . I use natural calm . It changes your poop a little bit but besides that its just magnesium - magnesium is in multivitamins and we need it to live . I take it with celexa an SSRI and have no problems but if itd make you feel reassured , ask your dr first . I noticed it helps me sleep better at night . Someone on here recommended it to me . My dads a dr and told me that chelated magnesium is absorbed better by the body than magnesium citrate ( in natural calm ) . So you might look into chelated magnesium pills as well . Natural calm does taste bad but you just have to shoot it down quick lol 06 - 12 - 2012 , 05 : 19 AM # 8 chelseadagger Junior Member Mar 2010 4 Another decent homeopathic remedy is Hyland ' s Nerve Tonic ; you have to take it more than once a day but it does help take the edge off . 05 : 46 PM # 9 You can get a chelated Magnesium such as Magnesium Glycinate or Magnesium Taurate that will not have a laxative effect . Magnesium Calm is Magnesium Citrate and that causes the laxative effect . 06 - 14 - 2012 , 03 : 32 AM # 10 Location Scotland 422 Despite being cynical I do know that Rescue Remedy really works for some people so I ' ve ordered some from Holland and Barrett ( but one get one half price , yay ) . Awhile ago I started taking Magnesium and vitamin B complex daily and I do feel a lot better these days but it ' s hard to tell if it ' s because of meds , therapy or vitamins - probably a combination of all 3 . In an ideal world I would just use natural / herbal remedies and no prescription meds - maybe one day ( fingers crossed ) . Page 1 of 2 1 2 Last Quick Navigation General Discussion Top Previous Thread | Next Thread Posting Permissions You may not post new threads You may not post replies post attachments edit your posts BB code is On Smilies are On [ IMG ] code is [ VIDEO ] code is HTML code is Off Forum Rules | [
"Rescue Remedy"
] |
http://anxietynetwork.com/post-traumatic-stress-disorder | Home Other Disorders ยป Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder Thomas A . Richards , Ph . D . , Psychologist Living through an actual or perceived life and death experience , or being surrounded by the realities of violence and death , can bring on Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD ) . Severe wartime experiences , for example , not only elicit anxiety and stress , they may induce fearful feelings that include flashbacks , hallucinations , and panic attacks . Other post - traumatic conditions include rape or other sexual abuse , severe emotional abuse , and living through devastating natural events , such as an earthquake , tsunami , typhoon , or hurricane . Fifty years ago , this condition was typically called " battle fatigue " or being " shell shocked " at the horrible realities of war and what was witnessed . Today , the diagnostic category of " post - traumatic stress disorder " fits better and is more inclusive , expanding the original definition to any event or situation that brought on these symptoms , not limited to war and the battlefield . Symptoms 1 . Reliving the event over and over , whether it be through nightmares , flashbacks , or anxiety attacks . A constant , repeated focus on the event elicits symptoms of stress and anxiety . 2 . Avoidance of current life events . a . The person exhibits a lack of interest in normal , daily activities . b . Emotional " numbing " - - a symptom that is shared by all the anxiety disorders - - whereby the person feels detached from reality and emotion is blunted concerning it . Everything feels surreal and the person does n ' t seem to care about present events and circumstances . c . Unwilligness or inability to show emotions and mood . d . Inability to remember and vocalize important parts of the traumatic situation . e . Avoiding anything ( even if remote ) that reminds the person of the event . f . The feeling that life is over ; that no future exists . Treatment Many therapies have been tried over the years , but effective treatment has always led back to a variety of forms of cognitive - behavioral therapy . Being able to talk through the horrors of the event , with a trusted and understanding person is important . Treatment response has been slow relative to other anxiety disorders , and many people have been left feeling like they had no future . Medication has been tried more than anything else , with some drugs showing positive compatability with psychological therapy , almost always cognitive - behavioral therapy . People with PTSD The more effective forms of cognitive - behavioral therapy , as related to post - traumatic stress disorder , should be tried gently and repeatedly . The symptoms of PTSD can be changed when the person is working with an understanding and trusted therapist . Trust is important in this therapeutic relationship and should be protected . PTSD can be treated effectively , people can make significant progress , and people can recover from this traumatic stress disorder . Additional Information Additional information about Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder , can be found at the National Institutes for Mental Health Please stick to legitimate sites as much disinformation exists on the web . For people with post - traumatic stress disorder and their friends and loved ones : You should always remember that this condition is very strong and very real . This does not mean , however , that your loved one is stuck this way forever . Gentle , step - by - step , active approaches to recovery will work in most cases , given time and patience . When one symptom is being worked upon , please remember that as the person improves , the improvement may be global , i.e. , it may bleed over into other areas Tags : ptsd anxiety anxiety disorders definition definitions worry fear stress flashbacks hallucinations DSM battle fatigue past emotional events | [
"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder",
"hallucinations",
"panic attacks"
] |
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You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes ! http : / / anyflip . com / btmb / pibx Download PDF Share Related Publications Published by , 2016 - 01 - 29 08 : 33 : 03 What Direction Does A Directv Satellite Dish Need To Face Pages : 1 5 What Direction Does A Directv Satellite Dish Need To Face Will a 3 LNB Direct TV dish work with a Dish Network receiver ? what equipment and Dish What Direction Does A Directv Satellite Dish Need To Face Will a 3 LNB Direct TV dish work with a Dish Network receiver ? what equipment and Dish programming you have , you will need a Dish LNB pointing Does Direct TV own Dish Network ? Which direction does a direct tv satellite dish face ? Click your town on the map and it tells you where to point your satellite TV dish - latitude , longitude , azimuth , elevation and polarisation angles . Where do you install the satellite dish ? How does DIRECTV compare to cable ? You will need to subscribe to one of our TV Packages to have access . TELUS Satellite TV gives you access to over 125 HD channels with a variety of Please note that in order to receive TELUS Satellite TV your dish will need . Learn about the satellite dish and internet installation process . Review the easy steps to get high speed Internet with Exede . We hope to answer the widely asked questions " How does Satellite TV work ? Cable TV operators also receive DTH signals through a satellite dish and then signal arrives in your TV by RF signals , which need TV tuning to different channels . TV you must position DTH Dish Antenna in the direction of the DTH Satellite . What Direction Does A Directv Satellite Dish Need To Face > > > CLICK HERE < < < Edit : Why does it seem like all of the dish receivers are facing . you ' re ever lost and need to get your bearings straight , see which direction directv satellite dishes are E.g. if you live in the northeast , directv satellite dishes will face southwest . FILE - In this May 6 , 2010 file photo , a DirecTV satellite dish is and to give consumers the information they need to make informed choices about with daughter Bella lying next to her in bed in a face mask Battling Lyme disease ยท Sheer delight ! One Direction lothario Louis Tomlinson seen holding hands with stunning . swing the dish sideways . You should find the satellite on the first swing , then spend half an hour peaking up . Do you need a dish for direct tv ? Short answer , yes . Which direction does a direct tv satellite dish face ? south . 23 people found . When your DirecTV dish signal seems weak , or you lose your satellite When a DirecTV satellite receiver does not get a signal from a satellite , it sends an error a dish in North America must face in a southerly direction , with the elevation like DirecTV attempt to keep their customers happy , at some point you may need . Following up similar questions about using an unused direct tv dish or at least the the direction where the majority of HD broadcast antennas are broadcasting from The unused dish / mast does face a 15 - 20 story building approx 75 ' away to the Do I need to make sure the Dish mast is still grounded , or does the power . If your KING Dome does not operate as outlined in this manual please call satellite . If you also receive your local channels from DIRECTV ' s 119 satellite or if you must always face tilted more than two degrees in any direction . 110 , 119 , and 129 satellites , you may need to configure the antenna for DISH SD and HD . TruTV , are no longer available on Dish Network after Turner and the satellite provider Go ahead , Turner โฆ .cut your nose off to spite your face ! Think its just time to move . n More people need to get together we pay a lot and they Dish doesnt create their own channels nor does DirecTV or Comcast or any pay for tv . have to rotate the dish UP TO 20 degrees right or left of ANTENNA DOES NOT ROTATE , OR IS HARD TO ROTATE . 1 . wrong , you might be looking in the wrong direction / elevation for the satellite . 4 . Things you need โ FRONT is embossed on the base and should face the Compatible with DIRECTV ยฎ , DISH ยฎ . TV channels are paid by cable and satellite - TV providers on a per - subscriber basis . distributors that they need to be in the most widely distributed tiers or reach a high show shallower declines in their channels ' reach than Nielsen ' s data does . the direction was the same โ a steady subscriber decline that is expected . Here ' s Everything That ' s Wrong With Cable and Satellite TV Bills โ As a company , we have n ' t always put the customer first and we need to do a better job The result is that the best , most loyal , and uncomplaining customers face higher โ DIRECTV does not clearly disclose that the cost of the package will increase by up . You simply need to have your satellite dish pointed at one of the satellites , all of Your account billing and contract does not begin until you are installed ! television providers do ) , the satellite dish must be installed in the direction of the satellite . the earth in the southern sky or near the equator , the dish must face south . Why does Direct tv require the use of approved attachment hardware such as cable clips ? Be flushed with the inner face of the connector / Be completely removed from the what action should you take when you need to install a single satellite odu for in what direction should a ground block f - 81 ports be oriented . Not only does bundling multiple services often save many consumers money at a time of And finally , there is a need to focus on whether behavioral remedies are in After all , it is the very threat of losing business in the face of high prices or low As a national satellite - television provider , DirecTV is a competitor to AT&T ' s . WARNING : The only sensor you need is the compass . How does it work ? Align , in azimuth , the offset arm of the satellite dish to the cyan arrow . How does one navigate this foreign land with its whole new language and from a rural South Carolina town triumphing in the face of extraordinary challenges . FiOS 18 / 518HD , on satellite : DirecTV 36 / 3128HD , Dish Network 36 / 7776 . all the time , and does n ' t get enough sleep , we ' re trending in the wrong direction . DISH and Tailgater are registered trademarks of DISH Network L.L.C . If your KING Rover โข Satellite Antenna does not operate as outlined in this manual , please call KING more than two degrees in any direction . must always face NOTE : If you have DIRECTV SD service you do not need to configure your antenna . Sources : FCC Poised to OK AT&T - DirecTV Merger By John Eggerton So if you want to be perceived as a good operator , you need to be one . Was that market research , or did you see that as the direction the industry was going ? MSOs to sell a data - only or a data - plus - phone package , mainly to satellite customers . It seeks to direct the direction this country is going NO MATTER WHAT WE THE do not allow Directv or Dish Network to carry the channel ( Verizon Fios does have " If you ' re in trouble , or hurt or need - go to the poor people . I ' d ditch Dish in a heartbeat . I do have great satellite DirecTV , but ATT is about to buy it so . I have never contacted or ordered Dish Network Service . Why do I need their stuff when I do n ' t have their services . As DISH Network has advertisements making fun of DirecTV price hike , my 120 channel package went an apartment that does n ' t allow any satellite , plus the apartment does n ' t face the proper direction . The nation ' s fourth - largest wireless carrier and second - largest satellite - TV Likewise , Dish has always played second fiddle to DirecTV , which is about to get even He ' s the public face of T - Mobile ' s Uncarrier campaign , putting forth the notion than themselves , and that they both need to be pulling in the same direction . Doing some checking today , I would need two satellite antennas and two HD ( non DVR types ) receivers . I own my own Direct only points in one direction in the US . Honestly , leaving DISH fro any provider , you will eventually face a programming dispute . DISH has an online chat to do thsi as well , DirecTV does not . However , many satellites only require a standard DTV compliant dish that can DirecTV has become one of the most subscribed - to satellite television 250si nu pot vedea nici un program , toate sint inchise , se poate face ceva โฆ . John . I have a Dish Super Dish with all LNBs What more do I need to hook to a FTA receiver ? satellite MVPD with no broadband facilities . To protect programmers who will face an MVPD B . AT&T Does Not Need to Acquire DirecTV ' s Mature Video Business to Deploy million , Dish reported 14 million and TWC reported 10.8 million customers in the third However , the direction of Internet traffic is irrelevant . > > > CLICK HERE < < < Satellite Providers : Satellite subscribers need a dish , which is pointed to the sky so your roof will need to have unblocked access to a particular direction in your city The two largest satellite providers are DISH and DIRECTV , each of which is that ALL TV providers ( whether Satellite , Cable or telephone providers ) face . 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http://anyflip.com/jbde/nvcm/basic/51-92 | The words you are searching are inside this book To get more targeted content please make fulltext search by clicking here Home DSKP SCIENCE FORM 1 View in Fullscreen DSKP SCIENCE FORM 1 Like this book You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes cikguhadibah httpanyflipcomjbdenvcm Download PDF Share Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base Published by cikguhadibah 20160904 235943 DSKP SCIENCE FORM 1 Pages 1 50 51 92 DSKP SCIENCE FORM 1 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 13 131 identify and use the correct units for Measure physical quantities of length mass time Physical quantities and their different physical quantities electric current and temperature Take note of units values and units used in the specification and labels of products 132 identify the symbols and values of Collect and interpret data about symbols and prefixes use in measurement values of symbols for prefixes of nano micro mili_ centi_ kilo_ mega_ giga _ 133 convert base quantity units for mass Solve problems of conversion of base quantity length and time such as grams to units kilograms centimeters to meters seconds to hours and vice versa 134 justify the importance of the use of SI Appreciate the effort of experts in creating SI units in daily life units Systรจme International dUnitรฉs to facilitate international understanding Carry out a multimedia presentation to show the implications of using inconsistent units in daily life 41 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard 141 Learning Content Notes 14 use the right measuring instrument and Carry out station activities using measuring The use of measuring use it in the right way to measure instruments such as rulers measuring tapes instruments accuracy accurately and consistently the thermometers stopwatches triple beam consistency sensitivity and quantities of length mass time balances ammeters voltmeters and measuring errors temperature and electric current cylinders Emphasise the following taking readings several times to get an accurate reading relate the smallest scale value on the measuring device to the accuracy of the readings 142 use measuring instruments with higher Carry out activities using instruments such as a accuracies and compare the vernier calipers micrometer screw gauges measurements in terms of accuracy electronic balances digital micrometer screw consistency and sensitivity gauges digital vernier calipers digital thermometer clinical thermometer digital rangefinder 143 explain how to overcome systematic Carry out activities to reduce systematic error eg errors and random errors zero error and random error eg parallax error 144 estimate the length area mass or Carry out problem solving activities that involve volume of an object before taking actual the skill of making estimations and then compare measurements with actual measurements 145 explain with examples innovations of Gather information and carry out multimedia various types of measuring instruments presentations on innovations in measuring through a multimedia presentation instruments 42 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 15 151 arrange sequentially materials based on Conduct a scientific investigation of the Density 152 density relationship between mass and density for a variety of solids which have the same volume for predict whether the materials will float example by using density cubes and sink according to density 153 define operational definition of density 154 calculate density using formula density Solve problems by using formula of density mass volume and water displacement method Carry out an activity to determine the density of irregular solids using water displacement method 155 explain the phenomena related to the Discuss the phenomena in everyday life that density difference in everyday life involve differences in density and presents the results of discussions using multimedia 156 innovate objects food or beverage Entrepreneurial element can be applied and using the concept of density practiced in this activity 43 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 16 161 differentiate each science process skills Teachers are recommended to use station Steps in a scientific method of the twelve science process skills investigation 162 make a sequence on the steps of Design and conduct an experiment for each carrying out a scientific investigation in group to explain the steps and the scientific the correct order method namely 163 conduct a scientific investigation to 1 Identify a problem that could be tested by a solve a simple problem scientific investigation 2 Construct hypothesis 3 Outline how variable are manipulated and the method of collecting data 4 Design and conduct scientific investigations 5 Present the data collected 6 Interpreting data and results with scientific reasoning 7 Make a conclusion and present a report 44 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 17 171 support scientific attitudes and values Discussion on the importance of Scientific attitudes and practiced by scientists scientific attitudes and values values in carrying out scientific investigation 172 justify the need to practice scientific practising scientific attitudes attitudes and values when carrying out an investigation 173 practice scientific attitudes and values while carrying out a scientific investigation 45 Performance Level KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 1 2 PERFORMANCE STANDARD 3 4 SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY 5 Descriptor 6 Recall the knowledge and science skills on the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation Understand the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation and able to explain their understanding Apply the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation to accomplish simple task Analyse the entire scientific investigation process conducted to determine the steps that can be improved on the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation in context of problem solving about events or natural phenomena Evaluate the entire scientific investigation process conducted to determine the steps that can be improved on the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation in the context of problem solving and decision making to carry out a task Design a presentation using multi media visual folio poster role play drama with creative and innovative use of science knowledge and skills of the definition of science science laboratory physical quantities and units the use of measuring instruments density and steps in scientific investigation in the context of problem solving and decision making with regards to the social values economy culture of the community 46 Theme 2 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Learning area Maintenance and Continuity of Life This theme provides an understanding of the cell as the basic unit of life the function of cell structure of animals and plants unicellular and multicellular organisms as well as the organization of cells Focus is given to the biological processes of living things such as cellular respiration photosynthesis and homeostasis This theme also provides an understanding of the reproduction of animals and plants as well as an introduction to research in human reproduction infertility and the prevention of pregnancy 1 Cell as the basic unit of life 11 Cell structure function and organization 12 Cell respiration and photosynthesis 2 Coordination and responses 21 Homeostasis in living things 3 Reproduction 31 Sexual and asexual reproduction 32 Human reproductive system 33 The menstrual cycle 34 Fertilisation and pregnancy 35 Factors affecting the development of the feotus and newborns 36 Infertility and pregnancy prevention 37 Plant reproduction Suggested TL time 28 hours 47 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 21 211 explain that living things are made up of Show cell division using various forms of multimedia Cell structure cells that carry out lifes functions and presentation Need not introduce mitosis or meiosis function and undergo cell division organization The formation of cancerous cells is discussed 212 demonstrate the preparation of slides of animal cells and plant cells using the Carry out a scientific investigation on animal cells and correct procedures plant cells using a microscope 213 communicate about each structures in Draw and label animal cells and plant cells observed cells with their functions as well as under the microscope compare and contrast animal cells with plant cells The structure of animal cells consists of the cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus and mitochondria whereas plant cell comprise of nucleus cell wall cell membrane mitochondria chloroplasts and vacuole nucleus contains chromosomes made up of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA which carries genetic information 214 explain with examples the characteristics Presentation using thinking maps on the of unicellular and multicellular organisms characteristic of unicellular and multicellular for animal cells and plant cells organisms 215 differentiate the types and functions of The various types of human cells nerve cells animal cells and plant cells epithelium cells muscle cells reproductive cells blood cells The various types of plant cells cells palisade leaves guard cells epidermal cells capillary roots cells 48 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 216 conceptualise the formation of a plant and The systems in human includes the nervous system digestive system skeletal system excretory system an animal with reference to the sequence respiratory system reproductive system lymphatic system circulatory system muscular system of cell organization endocrine system and the integumentary system cell tissue organ system organism 217 appreciate and be amazed by the Multimedia presentation to appreciate how organisms existence of various organisms are formed from basic unit of cells 22 221 communicate about the process of The process of cellular respiration needs oxygen and Cell respiration and cellular respiration glucose to produce energy carbon dioxide and water photosynthesis 222 communicate about the process of Carry out experiments to show photosynthesis needs photosynthesis light energy carbon dioxide water and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen 223 differentiate the process of cellular respiration and photosynthesis Relate how cellular respiration and photosynthesis complement each other for the benefits of life using 224 explain how the process of cellular multimedia presentations respiration and the process of photosynthesis complement each other 49 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard 311 Learning Standard Notes 312 communicate about homeostasis 31 Gather informations and carry out multimedia Homeostasis in living presentations on how homeostasis regulates body things temperature and water in the human body explain with examples the systems Carry out activities to show how the biological actions involved with homeostasis in humans respond to changes to stabilise the condition of the and animals body such as sweating in the heat and shivering when cold the heart rate increases when executing heavy tasks 313 explain with examples the systems Gather informations and make observations on how involved in plant homeostasis transpiration regulates water in plants 314 appreciate the importance of Carry out brainstorming session to discuss the homeostasis in humans and living importance of homeostasis using various multimedia things presentations 50 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 41 Sexual and asexual 411 compare and contrast sexual and Gather and interpret data or information about reproduction asexual reproduction in animals and sexual and asexual reproduction plants 42 methods of sexual reproduction internal Human reproductive fertilisation and external fertilisation system various types of asexual reproduction binary fission budding spore formation vegetative regeneration and tissue culture 412 reason the importance of reproduction Do a multimedia presentation to explain the 413 importance of reproduction and problems that will be grateful for the ability to reproduce arise if reproduction decreases for all living things and the continuation of life as a gift from God 421 identify the structures and function of Carry out multimedia presentations to observe and the male and female reproductive discuss the structures and function of the male and systems female reproductive systems 422 communicate about the physical Discuss the physical changes and experiences changes that occur during puberty during puberty 423 compare and contrast the male gamete Use thinking maps to compare and contrast the with the female gamete in the male gamete sperm and female gamete ovum in reproductive system terms of the structures and function 51 Content Standard Learning Standard KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Notes 43 Menstrual cycle 431 communicate about the menstrual cycle Integrate multimedia presentation and thinking 432 and the sequence of changes in the maps to explain 433 uterus lining during menstruation menstruation and menstrual cycle relate the fertile phase of the menstrual relate the fertile phase with fertilisation cycle to the process of fertilisation the importance of practicing good personal justify the importance of personal hygiene during menstruation hygiene during menstruation 44 441 communicate about the process of Gather and share information about Fertilisation and pregnancy 442 fertilisation and the implantation of 443 embryo fertilisation process the implantation process of embryo justify the importance and functions of the development of a zygote into an embryo placenta and umbilical cord and subsequently into a foetus until birth describe the development of a zygote into an embryo and subsequently into a foetus during pregnancy until birth 52 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 45 451 relate the importance of taking nutritious Share information from a nutritionist and to relate Factors affecting the development of a foetus food during pregnancy to the health of both the cause and effect of taking healthy nutritious and baby mother and foetus food during pregnancy 452 justify the importance of avoiding the intake Solve problems of miscarriage or abnormality in of harmful substances to the foetus newborn babies that is commonly associated with unhealthy lifestyle of pregnant mothers such as smoking drugs abuse and alcohol 453 justify the benefits of breastfeeding Gather interprete information and carry out a compared to formula milk on the infants multimedia presentation on the impact of development breastfeeding compared to baby formula milk in relation to the infants development 454 realise that every living creature has a right Make decision whether to breastfeed or use to live even if its in the womb formula milk 46 461 communicate the meaning of infertility and Methods to overcome infertility hormone Infertility and how to overcome them treatment surgery and invitro contraception 462 463 differrentiate methods of contraception Methods of contraception for married couples contraceptive pills implants condoms and realise the importance of practicing contraceptive devices in the uterus frequent health screening and to get Intrauterine Contraceptive Device IUCD immediate treatment for problems related to reproductive system 53 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 464 criticise the abuse of knowledge on Debate on the abuse of knowledge regarding birth contraception methods and its effect to control methods and their effect to society society 47 471 communicate about the structure and Dissect different type of flowers to identify the Plant reproduction function of each part of a flower structure with its function which include petal and sepal male part of the flower stamen which consist of filament anther and pollen the female part of the flower pistil which consists of stigma style and ovary 472 justify the pollination process Gather interpret data and share relevant information on the following pollination process self pollination and crosspollination the advantages of cross pollination the application of cross pollination in agriculture 473 describe the process of fertilisation and Discuss and carry out multimedia presentation on explain the formation of seeds and fruits in the process of fertilisation in plants and the plants formation of fruits and seeds 54 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 474 describe the germination process of a Conduct an experiment to determine the required seed conditions for the germination of seeds 475 solve problems if germination does not Collect and interpret data on the following occur functions of the different parts of a seed physical changes to the seed during germination in terms of the growth of the radicle the plumule and the cotyledon 55 Performance Level KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 1 2 PERFORMANCE STANDARD 3 4 MAINTENANCE AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE 5 Descriptor 6 Recall the knowledge and science skills on cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction Understand cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction and able to explain their understanding Apply knowledge of cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction to accomplish simple task Analyse knowledge of cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction in context of problem solving about events or natural phenomena Evaluate knowledge of cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction in the context of problem solving and decision making to carry out a task Design a presentation using multi media visual folio poster role play drama with creative and innovative use of science knowledge and skills of the cell as the basic unit of life coordination response reproduction in the context of problem solving and decision making with regards to the social values economy culture of the community 56 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Theme 3 Exploration Of Elements In Nature Learning Standard This theme aims to provide understanding of the variety of resources on Earth based on the structure Suggested TL time and characteristics of various materials Earths natural resources exists in the form of elements compounds and mixtures and are studied focusing on the comparison of their properties and uses in daily life 5 Matter 51 Matter in nature 52 Three states of matter 6 Periodic Table 61 Classification of elements 62 Mixtures 63 Compounds 7 Air 71 Composition of air 72 Combustion 73 Air Pollution 24 hours 57 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes A student is able to 51 Carry out activities and create a multimedia presentation to Matter in nature 511 state that almost everything that show that living things and nonliving things have mass and exists in nature is matter occupy space 512 prove that living things and non living things have mass and occupy space 513 differentiate the physical Carry out activities to differentiate properties and chemical physical properties of matter such as boiling point and properties of matter melting point solubility heat conductivity chemical properties of matter such as rusting and flammability 514 classify materials by the different Carry out activities to classify materials by density melting characteristics point boiling point and solubility 52 521 generalise that matter consists of Carry out simulations to conceptualise that matter is made up Three states of matter particles of small and discrete particles 522 compare and contrast three Carry out visual presentations about the three states of matter states of matter based on the in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles and kinetic theory in terms of the relation to the physical properties of solids liquids and gas arrangement and movement of volume shape density and compressibility particles 58 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 523 use spacetime relationships to Carry out experiments to determine the rate of diffusion compare rate of diffusion in three example copperll sulphate in two states of matter solid and states of matter liquid 524 describe the change in state of Use a diagram or a concept map to illustrate boiling matter in terms of movement of evaporation condensation freezing melting and particles caused by the sublimation absorption and the release of heat based on kinetic theory 525 conclude that temperature Carry out an experiment to investigate that temperature of remains constant during melting water remains constant during melting and boiling Plot and freezing and boiling interpret graphs to show that 526 conclude that the mass remains Temperature remains constant during the melting and the constant during physical boiling of water changes Mass remains unchanged during physical transformation ie changes in state of matter dissolving solid in a liquid and expansion by heat 527 explain with examples the Create a multimedia presentation about the change of state of changes of the state of matter in matter in daily life daily life 59 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 61 611 conclude that all matter consists Discuss by using multimedia to explain Classification of of atoms all matter consists of atoms element atomic structure 612 differentiate between atoms and subatomic particles electron proton and neutron molecules as well as elements the difference between atoms and molecules and compounds the difference between elements and compounds 613 identify the position of metal non By referring to the periodic table discuss the position of metal and inert gases in the metals nonmetals and inert gases periodic table 614 differentiate the characteristics of Carry out activities to differentiate the characteristics of metal metals and nonmetals and nonmetal shiny surfaces ductility malleable electrical and heat conductivity boiling point and melting point 615 appreciate the order of elements Encourage creative writing and presentation in various media that exist in nature that has allowed people to organize them in the form of a table 60 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 62 621 communicate about examples of Mixture mixtures in daily life 622 solve problem of separating Conduct activities to separate a mixture using various mixtures through activities based methods such as filtration distillation separation by using on the different characteristics of magnets sedimentation flotation and chromatography material and physical methods 63 631 communicate about compounds Use various forms of multimedia to illustrate the used of Compound in daily life compounds in daily life 632 demonstrate the formation of Carry out activities of hetaing metal and nonmetal to compounds between metal and produce a compound nonmetal Conclude and record that 633 conclude that mass is conserved mass is conserved during chemical change during chemical change compound can be separated through chemical method differences in physical changes and chemical changes 634 separate compounds through chemical methods during the formation of compounds 635 differentiate between chemical Create and carry out a multimedia presentation on the change and physical change similarities and differences between mixtures and compounds 636 differentiate between mixtures and compounds 61 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 71 711 plan ways to determine and record the Carry out activities to determine the percentage of Composition of Air composition of air oxygen in air 72 712 synthesise the composition of air from a Interpret a pie chart on the composition of the air to Combustion pie chart realise that air is a mixture 713 justify the importance of oxygen nitrogen Interpret and share information on daily life regarding 714 carbon dioxide and inert gases in daily the importance of oxygen nitrogen carbon life dioxide gases and inert gases the oxygen cycle and the carbon cycle appreciate the carbon cycle and the how the carbon cycle and the oxygen cycle oxygen cycle in maintaining the maintains the percentage of gases in the composition of gases in the air atmosphere 715 solve problems when there isare The effects of the increase of carbon dioxide emission interferences to the oxygen and the to life and the environment carbon cycle 721 conclude about the conditions needed for Carry out activities to prove that oxygen heat and fuel combustion are needed for combustion 722 relate the conditions of combustion with List materials used as fire extinguishers for different the principles used in the manufacture of sources of fire fire extinguishers Provide materials such as posters to create 723 practice safety measures to prevent the awareness among the school community about the occurrence of fire which can lead to the causes of fire and prevention measures destruction of life and property 62 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Standard Notes 73 731 define air pollution and air pollutants Discuss and share ideas of air pollution such as haze Air Pollution that frequently hit our country and the sources that cause these pollutions 732 communicate about air pollutants and the causes 733 justify steps to prevent and control air Collect interpret and share information about pollution steps taken by authorities in controlling air 734 solve problems on the adverse effects of pollution air pollution adverse effects of air pollution on living things and the environment 63 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Performance Level PERFORMANCE STANDARD 1 2 EXPLORATION OF ELEMENTS IN NATURE 3 4 Descriptor 5 Recall the knowledge and science skills on matter the periodic table air 6 Understand of matter the periodic table air and able to explain their understanding Apply knowledge of matter the periodic table air to explain natural phenomena to accomplish simple task Analyse knowledge of matter the periodic table air in context of problem solving about events or natural phenomena Evaluate matter the periodic table air in the context of problem solving and decision making to carry out a task Design a presentation using multi media visual folio poster role play drama with creative and innovative use of science knowledge and skills of matter the periodic table air in the context of problem solving and decision making with regards to the social values economy culture of the community 64 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Theme 4 Energy and sustainability of life Learning area The objective of this theme is to give an understanding about the existence of various forms of energy how energy can be saved energy efficiancy and also the importance of energy in daily life In addition this theme is also focused on how to give abetter understanding about the usage of mirrors lights and colours to enhance our sensory perception and its role in the development of optical technology 8 Lights and optic 81 Usage of mirrors 82 Chacteristic of light 83 Reflection of light 84 Refraction of light 85 Dipersion of light 86 Scattering of light 87 Addition and of light substraction of light Suggested TL time 22 hours 65 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 81 A student is able to The use of mirrors 811 differentiate between a real image and Use the screen and plane mirror to show the a virtual image difference between real images and virtual images 812 Communicate about the characteristics Carry out an activity to determine of image formed by a plane mirror characteristics of the image formed when the light 813 concave mirror and convex mirror 814 incident on the plane mirror concave mirror 815 state that the object distance is equal enlarge image and convex mirror shrink image 816 to the image distance in a plane mirror the object distance and image distance in a plane mirror with a sketch diagram use the plane mirror to apply the Discuss by using a multimedia presentation about concept of reflection of light these application plane mirror justify the application of concave mirror concave mirror and convex mirror in daily life convex mirrors construct an optical instruments to Carry out an activity to designan optical instruments appreciate the use these of optical eg periscope or kaleidoscope instruments to enhance the ability of the human senses 817 solve problems in daily life involving The use of mirrors such as the application of plane mirror the side mirror and rear view mirror in the car concave mirror and convex mirror the plane mirror use by dentist during treatment the convex mirror placed at the dangerous roads 66 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 82 821 communicate about the properties of Properties such as the speed of light and natural Properties of light light phenomena the formation of shadows lightning appearing before thunder rainbows 83 831 state the characteristics of image Identify the characteristics of image formed by a plane Reflection of light formed by a plane mirrors mirror and sketch the image observed vertical lateral inversion same size same object distance with the 832 communicate aboiut the Law of image distance Reflection Carry outan experiment to measure the angle of 833 draw ray diagrams to show the incidence i and angle of reflection r using the plane reflection of light mirror and determine the relationship between angle of incidence i and angle of reflection r 834 solve problems in daily lifewith the application of reflection of light Introducing The Law Of Reflection Example on the use of the concept of reflection of light Road sign board with reflectors so that it can be seen at night Safety jackets with reflector strips for construction site workers Triangle shaped emergency reflector for cars that breakdown on the road 67 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 84 841 generalisethat refraction occurs when Collect and interpret these information about the Refraction of light light moves through mรฉdium of following different densities Refraction of light Natural phenomena such as the apparent dept and real dept straw seem bent in waterfilled glasses 842 draw ray diagrams to show refraction Carry out activities to show that light refract away from of light when light propagate from one the normal when light travels from a dense medium to medium to another medium of different a less dense and bent toward the normal when light densities travels from a medium of low density to a mรฉdium of high density 843 generalise the relationship between the Carry out an experiment to study the relationship angle of incidence i and angle of between the angle of incidence i and angle of refraction r when light travels from a refraction r when light travels from a medium of low medium of low density to a medium of density air to a medium of high density glass block high density 844 justify the applications of refraction of Conduct a library research and make the presentation light in daily life of the phenomenon of refraction for example twinkling stars spoon appear to bend in the water bottom of a swimming pool looks more shallow 68 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard 851 Learning Content Notes 85 communicate about the dispersion of Collect and interpret information about the dispersion Dispersion of light light of light and phenomena related to the dispersion of light 852 explain with an example the dispersion Carry out activities to study the following of light in daily life dispersion of light by using prism formation of rainbow 86 861 communicate about scattering of light Using various forms of multimedia for interpreting Scattering of light information about scattering of light 862 explain with an example scattering of light in daily life Carry out activities to study the effect of scatteringof light Collect and interpret information about the following scattering of light natural phenomena such as blue sky and reddish sunset 87 871 identify primary colours Carry out activities to study 872 the addition of light using the primary color filter to Addition and subtraction identify the addition of primary colours of light 873 to produce secondary colours produce secondary color cyan magenta and yellow communicate about subtraction of light subtraction of light that occurs when light is absorbed or subtracted by colour filters the difference between the addition and subtraction of light 69 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes Gather information and do a multimedia presentation 874 record the colours formed on the screen when light apsses through colour filters 875 differentiate the addition and subtraction of light 876 explain with examples addition and substraction of light in daily life 70 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 PERFORMANCE STANDARD Performance Level ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF LIFE 1 2 Descriptor 3 4 Recall the knowledge and science skills on mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light 5 refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light 6 Understand mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light and able to explain their understanding Apply mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light through a simple task Analyse knowledge of mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light in context of problem solving about events or natural phenomena Evaluate mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light in the context of problem solving and decision making to carry out a task Design a presentation using multi media visual folio poster role play drama with creative and innovative use of science knowledge and skills of mirrors characteristic of light reflection of light refraction of light dipersion of light scattering of light addition and substraction of light in the context of problem solving and decision making with regards to the social values economy culture of the community 71 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Theme 5 Exploration of Earth and Space Learning area The objective of this theme is to present an understanding about the structure of the Earth and how geohazards happen The impact of geohazards can be reduced on human and environment through the development of science and technology This theme also gives a better understanding on the formation of fossil fuel alternative energy resources and its uses 9 Earth 91 System and structure of the Earth 92 Substance of the Earth 93 Main processes of the Earth 94 Geohazard phenomena 95 Age of the Earth 96 Earth resources and applied geology Suggested TL time 13 hours 72 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 91 The system and structure A student is able to Create a multimedia presentation about the Earth of the earth structure that consist of four main spheres that is 911 communicate about the system of the hydrosphere atmosphere biosphere and 92 Earth geosphere Composition of the Earth Atmospheric stratification and its role including the depletion of the ozone layer Introduce that temperature and pressure changes with altitude in the atmosphere Ocean stratification from the surface to the dark zone including the distribution of life forms in them Distribution of other water bodies on Earth such as seas rivers glasiers clouds and ground water is also introduced 912 explain differences in Earth layers Create a visual presentation to show the based on its composition and physical differences between crust mantle and core of the characteristics Earth including the lithosphere asthenosphere and mesosphere 913 realise that Earth is the only place that Discuss that the Earth is the only home for every can sustain life based on its physical living organism 921 characteristic 922 explain type and characterictic of rocks Carry out an activity and present a multimedia presentation on the three types of rocks eg communicate on how to differentiate the igneous rocks sedimentary rocks and process of rock formation metamorphic rocks based on its formation 73 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 93 931 explain the different Earth processes Gather information about exogenic and endogenic Main processes of the that effect the changes on Earth processes and present it using a multimedia Earth presentation 932 communicate about exogenic and endogenic processes Exogenic process weathering erosion mass depletion land depletion transport and sedimentation Endogenic process mantle convection process magma activity Earth crust movement tectonic layer 94 941 communicate about geohazard Collect interpret data through a multimedia Geohazard phenomena presentation on geohazards eg earthquake volcanism land slide tsunami global warming 942 generate ideas on how science and acid rain quicksand and sinkholes technology are used to prepare for geohazards Discuss and share ideas on how science and technology can be use to prepare for the 943 realise that enviromental disasters possibilities of geohazards effect human livelihood Using various media to explain impact of enviromental disasters eg loss of life loss of property diseases and starvation Highlight the need to symphatise with victims of enviromental disaster 74 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 95 Age of the earth 951 communicate about geological time Gather and share informations about the scale of the Earth geological time scale of the Earth and method to 96 determine the age of the Earth Earth resources and 952 explain the method to determine the applied geology age of the Earth 953 communicate about fossils Using visual graphic presentation to present about fossils and relate it to earth history 954 reason about the importance of fossils Discuss how knowledge on fossils can help modern in the advancement of contemporary science science 961 explain surface water and its risks Search for information and carry out a multimedia 962 presentation on surface water and aquifers 963 explain the importance of underground water and its risks communicate about economic minerals Economic minerals consist of metallic minerals nonmetallic minerals and rare earth minerals 964 explain the formation of petroleum and Carry out a multimedia presentation on the coal formation of petroleum and coal 965 communicate about the hydrothermal Discuss the economic prospects of hydrothermal process processes 75 KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 Content Standard Learning Content Notes 966 solve problems about the negative Debate how exploitation of Earths resources effects of unplanned human activities without proper planning may cause adverse effects on all living things on Earth on living things on Earth 76 Performance Level KSSM SCIENCE FORM 1 1 2 PERFORMANCE STANDARD 3 EXPLORATION OF EARTH AND SPACE Descriptor Recall the knowledge and science skills on about the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths resources Understand the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths resources and able to explain their understanding Apply knowledge on the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths resources to accomplish simple task 4 Analyse knowledge of knowledge on the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths resources in context of problem solving about events or natural phenomena Evaluate about the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths resources in the context of problem 5 solving and decision making to carry out a task Design a presentation using multi media visual folio poster role play drama with creative and innovative use of science knowledge and skills of the Earths structuregeodisastersEarths 6 resources in the context of problem solving and decision making with regards to the social values economy culture of the community 77 PANEL OF WRITERS Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum 1 Zaidah Binti Mohd Yusof Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum 2 Aizatul Adzwa Binti Mohd Basri Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum 3 Md Osmira Bin Mohid Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum 4 Azmi Bin Harun USM Pulau Pinang 5 Ruslawati Binti Mat Isa USM Pulau Pinang 6 Prof Datuk Dr Omar Bin Shawkataly UKM Bangi 7 Prof Dr Zurida Binti Ismail USM Pulau Pinang 8 Prof Madya Dr Azimah Binti Hussin UPM Serdang 9 Prof Madya Dr Faridah Binti Ibrahim UiTM Shah Alam 10 Prof Madya Dr Mohd Zaki Bin Hamzah USM Pulau Pinang 11 Prof Madya Dr Nooraain Binti Hashim IPGK SgPetani Kedah 12 Prof Madya Dr Nordin Bin Abd Razak Seameo RECSAM 13 Dr Chua Chong Sair UPSI Tanjong Malim 14 Dr Koay Suan See Seameo RECSAM 15 Dr Mai Shihah Binti Abdullah UPM Serdang 16 Dr Nur Jahan Binti Ahmad Kolej Matrikulasi Perak 17 Dr Nurzatulshima binti Kamarudin IPGK Perlis 18 Dr Shah Jahan Bin Assanarkutty IPGK Darulaman Kedah 19 Abdul Muhaimin Bin Osman IPGK Raja Melewar Seremban 20 Asmahan Binti Abdul Hadi 21 Fathaiyah Binti Abdullah 22 Nor Ruzaini Binti Jailani IPGK Ilmu Khas Kuala Lumpur 23 Rogayah Binti Tambi IPGK Raja Melewar Seremban 24 Tan Mun Wai IPGK Teknik Bandar Enstek Nilai 25 Rosezelenda Binti Abdul Rahman BPPDP KPM 26 Bashiroh Binti Mahmood SMK Tinggi Kajang Selangor 27 Chin Poh Yue SMK Seri Mutiara Kuala Lumpur 28 Hafiz Zaki Bin Hamdan SMK Seri Perak Teluk Intan 29 Jariah Binti Khalib SMKA Slim RiverPerak 30 Jeyanthi ap Annamalai SMK Seri Bintang Utara Kuala Lumpur 31 Lee Yuet Lai SMK Sulaiman Bentong 32 Mahadiah Binti Muda SMS Seri Puteri Kuala Lumpur 33 Mohd Izani Bin Saufi SMS Kepala Batas Pulau Pinang 34 Morgan al TVadiveloo SMK StPaul Seremban 35 Muhd Fazli Bin Dollah SBPI Gopeng Perak 36 Naimah Binti Jalil SMK Klebang Melaka 37 Nurul Ain Tay Binti Abdullah SMS Muzaffar Syah Melaka 38 Pradeep Kumar Chakrabarty SMJK Yu Hua Kajang 39 Radziah Binti Mohd Yamin SMK Bukit Saujana Port Dickson 40 Rema Ragavan SMK Sultan Abdul Samad Petaling Jaya 41 Roslan Bin Yusoff SMK Raja Muda Musa Teluk Intan 42 Sabiah Binti Ninggal SMK Durian Tunggal Melaka 43 Sapiyatun Akma Binti Yahya SMK Kompleks KLIA Nilai 44 Saodah Binti Sharif SMKA Sheikh Hj Mohd Said Seremban 45 Saw Beng Hup SMK Seberang Perak Alor Setar Kedah 46 Siti Hawa Binti Yahya SMK Datuk Menteri Ayer Hitam Johor 47 Suhaila Binti Abdullah SMK P Temenggung Ibrahim Johor 48 Yap Poh Kyut SMK Ketari Bentong OTHER CONTRIBUTORS 1 Prof Dato Dr Mohd Zambri Bin Zainuddin UM Kuala Lumpur 2 Prof Dr Abdul Halim Bin Shaari UPM Serdang 3 Prof Madya Dr Kadderi Bin Md Desa UKM Bangi 4 Prof Madya Dr Mansor Bin Ahmad UPM Serdang 5 Dr Mohammed Selamat Bin Madom MARDI Serdang ABC of Preferential Trade Agreements CUTS CITEE Next Book Complaint to Recover Preferential Transfers kccllcnet | [
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http://anytimefitness.my/membership | Why Join Anytime Fitness ? If you โ re looking to join a supportive , welcoming gym community , with people of all fitness levels who want to see you succeed , you โ ve come to the right place . Watch Video Convenience Your key opens all doors of the 4,000 + ( and growing ) locations worldwide โ 24 hours a day , seven days a week . Community Your membership welcomes you to a family that gives the extra push you need , and the extra support you want to help break down barriers to your healthier place . Caring Our staff are trained to help you on your fitness journey , whether it โ s your first step or a road you โ ve gone down many times before . Coaching Our gyms are not just about the facilities and equipment . We have the trainers and the tools to help you get to a healthier place . # MyHealthierPlace Video Aze ' s Video Nigel โ s Video Vanessa โ s Video Member Benefits May Include * Equipment Strength / Free Weights Circuit / Selectorized Free Weights Squat Racks Plate Loaded Barbells Dumbbells Functional Training Battle Ropes Multi - Functional Rack Medicine Balls Plyometric Boxes BOSU Jump Ropes Resistance Bands Kettlebells TRX Cardio Treadmills Elliptical Cross - trainers Exercise Cycles Stair Climbers Rowing Machines Spin Bikes Cardio TVs Lifestyle Training and Coaching Services Fitness Assessment Personal Training Small Group Training Specialized Classes Classes HDTVs Health Plan Discounts Wellness Programs Free Classes Vitamins / Supplements Services Gym Amenities 24 - hour access 24 - hour security convenient parking Worldwide Club Access private restrooms private showers * Each of our gyms is unique to the community it serves . Contact your local gym for details . | [
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http://aodaifestival.com/history/ | Truong Quynh Mai in her winning costume The Vietnamese โ Ao Dai โ , the long gown worn with trousers by Vietnamese women , has become the symbol of the Vietnamese feminine beauty , and the pride of the Vietnamese people . This national pride culminated in 1995 when Miss International Pageant in Tokyo gave its Best National Costume award to the Vietnamese representative Truong Quynh Mai . Even before such international recognition , the Ao Dai had long been the source of inspiration of artists and poets , and thus had become an institution in Vietnamese arts and literature . Ao Dai of the Cham people The Ao Dai was born as the costume required to be worn by the southern courtiers under the reign of the southern lord Nguyen Phuc Khoat . Eager to establish a separate identity from his northern rivals , the Trinh lords , who enjoyed the status of regents to the puppet kings of the declining Le dynasty , Lord Nguyen decreed that men and women of his court wore trousers covered by a long gown . Thus was born the Ao Dai . The garment borrowed the style of clothing worn by the Cham , the original inhabitants of the Empress Nam Phuong Although many Vietnamese identify the Ao Dai as a variation of the Ao Tu Than ( four - panel tunic ) , the two have separate and distinct origins . The Ao Tu Than is generally worn by peasant women in the North . It consists of four panels , two in the back and two in front . The back panels are sewn together while the front panels are left open or tied by a belt . Inside the Ao Tu Than , the woman wore a bodice ( known as โ Yem โ ) to cover the chest The original Ao Dai was by no means the symbol of aesthetics . The garment was plain and loosely fitted , unflattering to the female body . It was not until 1930 when a group of French - trained artists , beginning with the Hanoian Cat Tuong ( also known as Le Mur , the French translation of a homonym of the artist โ s first name ) , combined the design of the Ao Ngu Than ( five - panel gown ) , a variation of the Ao Dai with features borrowed from the Ao Tu Than , and French fashion dresses , that the Ao Dai morphed from plainness to beauty and sensuality . The image of the last empress of Vietnam , Hoang Hau Nam Phuong , wearing the Ao Dai with exceptional elegance , has left a great impression on Madonna and Child in Ao Da The Ao Dai stepped onto the political stage when Tran Le Xuan , wife of Ngo Dinh Nhu , Chief Political Adviser of Ngo Dinh Diem , President of South Vietnam โ s First Republic , donned its first dรฉcolletรฉ version to promote her New Woman Movement . Nguyen Thi Binh , negotiator for the Vietcong at the Paris Peace Conference , wore the Ao Dai to demonstrate her patriotism . Ironically , the Communist government of Vietnam had banned the Ao Dai as a symbol of โ capitalist decadence . โ It was not until the late 1980 โ Mme Tran Le Xuan Today , the Ao Dai has become the Vietnamese woman โ s choice of fashion for special occasions . Fashion designers such as Thiet Lap of the 60s and Sy Hoang of today have continued to conceive new designs . The introduction of the raglan sleeve ( sleeve that continues to the neck ) , the raising of the opening of the panels to a higher level exposing the skin on both sides of the waist , and other features borrowed from Western fashion add sexiness and sensuality to the Ao Dai . Yet the garment moves delicately with the And so the Ao Dai becomes a cause for celebration . In Vietnam as well as among the Vietnamese emigrant communities around the globe , the Ao Dai Beauty Pageant has become a staple in the Vietnamese entertainment industry . Many well - known Vietnamese fashion designers devote their entire careers to develop new looks for the Ao Dai . Little Fiona at FHF 2010 Ao Dai Show The Ao Dai for men , on the other hand , did not undergo much change . It is now worn only during traditional ceremonies and mostly by men of older generations . The masculinity and practicality of Western men โ s clothing has been eagerly embraced by Vietnamese men , and the return to the traditional Ao Dai is simply impractical , if not unthinkable . The Ao Dai for men has become an item of purely nostalgic value for today โ s and future generations . The history of the Ao dai reflects the adaptability of the Vietnamese . As people who constantly had to defend themselves against foreigners , they adopted products of foreign cultures which they valued and transformed them into their own . Thus , the women โ s Ao Dai is a cultural metamorphosis that is typically Vietnamese : a design adopted from the Cham that combines with Western elements of fashion and aesthetics to become a product that is uniquely Vietnamese . Contact Us The Ao Dai Festival is organized by non - profit organizations . Volunteering opportunities abound , whether before the event , during the event or for the Friends of Hue Foundation . Contact us if you would like to help . | [
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http://aoh61.com/history/rebels_in_arms.htm | Rebels in Arms : The Irishmen of Bunker Hill At Least 22 Native Born Irishmen Died for the Cause of American Liberty on the Slopes of Breed ' s Hill June 17 , 2004 By Peter F . Stevens The rattle of drums pealed through the sultry air of June 17 , 1775 . As the sun glinted off bayonets , the Redcoats formed columns and tramped over heaps of fallen comrades for a third time up the slope of Breed ' s Hill . Behind a rail fence , a redoubt , and a breastwork , the Rebels waited , pouring their last powder and ramrodding their last musket balls down their muzzles . Many colonists lay sprawled amid the defenses , homespun shirts stained with blood , screams and groans echoing across the slope . But on the grass in front of the fortifications lay many more British regulars , hundreds of them , a carpet of red coats and white crossbelts . Historians would assert that the Colonial farmers , tradesmen , lawyers , and physicians taking on the vaunted British Army were " wholly English . " These scholars would neglect to mention that men named Callaghan , Casey , Collins , Connelly , Dillon , Donohue , Flynn , McGrath , Nugent , Shannon , and Sullivan fired " at the whites of their [ British ] eyes " at the Battle of Bunker Hill ( actually Breed ' s Hill ) . Although generations of American writers would cling to their myth that only Patriots " of pure English On the slopes of Breed ' s Hill , at least twenty - two native - born Irishmen died for the Rebel cause . Irish - American historian Michael J . O ' Brien was the man who first punctured the myth that no Irishmen stood shoulder to shoulder with the Rebels . Through painstaking research , he discovered that forty - one companies of Patriots at Breed ' s Hill counted Irish casualties in their ranks . O ' Brien next targeted the " Scotch - Irish " fallacy , used by scholars to obscure the role of Irish in the American Revolution . By defining Rebels with unquestionable surnames as " descendants of the Scotch and English " who had subjugated the North of Ireland , eminent Anglo - American writers inaccurately hid the true lineage of men whose bloodlines were " Clanna na Gael , " pure and simple . As O ' Brien reveals , many men who fell at the Battle of Breed ' s Hill were Irish - born . Unlike his predecessors , O ' Brien credited both the Irish and Scottish Patriots as separate entities and harangued scholars for " drawing an Iron Curtain around the Irish , who โฆ brought to America burning memories of the treatment their people had received at the hands of the English , and so were glad of the opportunity to take part in the fight . " And fight they did . On June 17 , 1775 , 2,500 British Regulars piled into longboats and were rowed to Morton ' s Hill as warships and batteries atop Copp ' s Hill bombarded the Rebels dug in on Breed ' s Hill . The British had already set Charlestown ablaze , and from the colonists ' bastions , Daniel Callaghan , Thomas Doyle , and scores of fellow Irishmen peered at a frightening sight . Down Morton ' s Hill streamed masses of Redcoats , regimental colors hoisted above hundreds of tri - cornered caps and Grenadiers ' " shakos " ( high In the ranks of the Irish - born defenders were a number of deserters from British regiments . In Ireland , " press gangs " had kidnapped many young men , hauled them , bound and gagged aboard troop transports , and informed them that they had " enlisted " in King George III ' s service . Once in Boston , many Irish soldiers deserted at the first opportunity and eagerly joined the Rebel militia to strike back at their British oppressors . Because British officers posted rewards for Irish deserters " now with the Rebels , " many Now , on that sultry June day , the Kincaids watched as the redcoats surged in perfect order up the slope . They pressed forward , their bayonets flashing , their drums pounding . Suddenly Kincaid , Doyle , and the other Rebels squeezed their muskets ' triggers , and the muzzles ' din muffled the drums . Smoke shrouded the hill . As it slowly dissipated , the redcoats were retreating , dead and wounded heaped along the grass . The Rebels ' cheers followed the British down the hill . As the Redcoats reformed columns , the Patriots ' cheers faded . Again the scarlet lines came on in perfect order to their drummer boys ' cadence . For a second time the Rebels held their fire with admirable discipline and then unleashed murderous blasts . The Redcoats staggered back down the hill , hundreds more screaming , writhing , or silent across the slope . Believing the battle over , more rounds of cheers erupted from the defenders . Then , slowly , through gaps in the smoke , the Rebels spied the Redcoats reassembled . The cheers ceased , and with the Patriots ' realization that they were down to their last shots , scores of men began to edge away from their posts . Once more the British drums pealed . The columns marched over prone comrades up the slope . The Rebels ' muzzles barked and felled dozens more Regulars . But this time the Redcoats swarmed over the defenses and plunged bayonets into the reeling Patriots . Daniel Callaghan and Thomas Doyle " literally flung themselves in the path of the advancing forces " to match bayonet thrusts with the British and perished in the melee of metal . Many of their fellow Irishmen also died in that final British charge ; however , scores of others escaped to battle the Redcoats The Rebels had littered Breed ' s Hill with 228 British dead and 828 wounded - a staggering casualty rate of forty - two percent ( ten percent is considered high ) . And men with such names as Callaghan , Doyle , Kelley , Ryan , Donohue , and Sullivan had done their part in the Rebels ' ranks . Despite countless writers who tried to bury the exploits of these Irish - born men who fought and died at Breed ' s Hill , the truth is emblazoned upon the Memorial Tablets of the Bunker Hill Monument . There , alongside the names of Yankee Rebels are those of their Irish comrades in arms . This article originally appeared in the June edition of the Boston Irish Reporter , a sister publication of the Dorchester Reporter . | [
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http://aoopa.org/olive-oil-101 | Olive Oil 101 The Basics What is olive oil Why is olive oil so healthy What does extra virgin mean Besides the highest quality extra virgin what are the differences between the other grades or categories of olive oil I might find on a store shelf Is color a good indicator of quality for extra virgin olive oil What do first press and cold press mean Choosing Olive Oil What should I look for when buying extra virgin olive oil What are the differences among varieties such as Arbequina Koroneiki Frantoio etc Which country makes the best extra virgin olive oil Storing Olive Oil How should olive oil be stored How long can I keep a bottle of extra virgin olive oil Using Olive Oil What do you cook with extra virgin olive oil Isnt extra virgin olive oil expensive Key American Olive Oil Facts Olive oil has been produced in the US for more than 150 years There are approximately 45000 acres of olives planted exclusively for the production of olive oil in the United States Olive oil is produced in California Arizona Texas Georgia Florida Oregon and Hawaii The US produces about 5 of all of the olive oil consumed in this country each year US consumers use 90 million gallons of olive oil annually the largest market outside of the European Community What should I look for on the label of a bottle or package of extra virgin olive oil Front Label Grade The grade or quality of the olive oil should be prominently displayed on the front of the bottle Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality of olive oil available which provides the highest level of health benefits Back Label Harvest Date Harvest date provides buyers with the timeperiod in which the olives where harvested and milled to make the olive oil Best By Date Best by dates are usually one to two years from the time the oil was bottled as determined by scientific testing Where the olives were grown It is important to know the source of the olives that made the healthy delicious olive oil in the bottle You will find terms such as product of or growing region providing the county region state or country where the olives were grown | [
"Olive Oil"
] |
http://ap.crawfordandcompany.com/industries.aspx | Casualty Services Global Technical Services Motor / Auto Multinational Services Affinity Claims Solutions WeGoLook Services For Insurance Companies For Brokers For Lloyd ' s London Market Solutions Agriculture and Food Media and Entertainment Retail Industries Locations Vision , Values and Culture Crawford - iQ Community Involvement Global Executive Management Billing Policies Corporate Governance About Us News Publications Awards Media Center Contact Us CMS Client Login Home ยป Industries Tweet About Crawford Global Technical Services ยฎ Crawford Global Technical Services ( GTS ยฎ ) has the largest , most experienced team of strategic loss managers and technical adjusters in the world . We cover virtually every industry and every geographic region . Crawford GTS teams are organized around key industry segments , focusing experience and expertise on the specifics of those particular businesses . For more information , visit www . crawfordgts . com For more information , contact a GTS adjuster directly by visiting www . crawfordgts . com / adjusters | [
"GTS",
"technical adjusters"
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http://apa.org/helpcenter/resilience.aspx | Resilience Guide for Parents & Teachers Introduction We tend to idealize childhood as a carefree time , but youth alone offers no shield against the emotional hurts and traumas many children face . Children can be asked to deal with problems ranging from adapting to a new classroom to bullying by classmates or even abuse at home . Add to that the uncertainties that are part of growing up , and childhood can be anything but carefree . The ability to thrive despite these challenges arises from the skills of resilience . The good news is that resilience skills can be learned . Building resilience โ the ability to adapt well to adversity , trauma , tragedy , threats or even significant sources of stress โ can help our children manage stress and feelings of anxiety and uncertainty . However , being resilient does not mean that children wo n ' t experience difficulty or distress . Emotional pain and sadness are common when we have suffered major trauma or personal loss , or even when we hear of someone else ' s loss or trauma . 10 Tips for building resilience in children and teens Resilience and pre - school children Resilience and elementary school children Resilience and middle school children Resilience and high schoolers The journey of resilience About this guide The full text of articles from APA Help Center may be reproduced and distributed for noncommercial purposes with credit given to the American Psychological Association . Any electronic reproductions must link to the original article on the APA Help Center . Any exceptions to this , including excerpting , paraphrasing or reproduction in a commercial work , must be presented in writing to the APA . Images from the APA Help Center may not be reproduced . SHARE THIS | [
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http://apachecamping.com/ | Truck Campers Travel Trailers Fifth Wheels Lite Weights Toy Haulers Folding Trailers PreOwned RVs Experience the Apache Camping Center Difference Shop New Shop PreOwned Featured 2019 nuCamp 320 S 2019 nuCamp TB CSS model 2019 Forest River Wildwood FSX 190SS Testimonials Yesterday the wife and I went into Apache to look at some travel trailers and 5th wheels We live in Hillsboro but came out to east Portland because we wanted to view trailers from Northwood Arctic Fox Fox Mountain Nash etc and its sister company OutdoorsRV Glacier Peak Blackstone Creekside etc I looked on their website and saw they had a large selection of these rigs so off we went The sales guy who came out to greet us was Chuck M Now we normally dont like to be bothered by sales people while doing our prebuy research but this Rj A Hillsboro OR Mission Statement We know the customer comes first and that you have lots of choices in who you select to purchase your trailer or light weight from Youll see our commitment to your satisfaction in the way we do business From the time you enter our lot its clear that Apache Camping Centers approaches travel trailers and campers differently Starting with an enormous selection in most cases unmatched anywhere by manufacturers that are regarded by most | [
"Apache Camping Center",
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http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/51474.html | Synthesis Essay Materials The two synthesis essay questions below are examples of the question type that has been one of the three free - response questions on the AP English Language and Composition Exam as of the May 2007 exam . The synthesis question asks students to synthesize information from a variety of sources to inform their own discussion of a topic . Students are given a 15 - minute reading period to accommodate the additional reading required for the question . Sample 1 Below is a sample synthesis essay question , sample scoring guidelines , comments from the Chief Reader about the sample student essays , seven sample student responses , and scoring commentary for each sample . Approximately 300 AP English Language and Composition students from eight schools in New York , Maine , Texas , Tennessee , Washington , Florida , and New Mexico wrote responses to this synthesis topic . Students from these schools were given a 15 - minute reading period followed by a 40 - minute writing period in which to complete the sample synthesis assignment . AP English Language and Composition Synthesis Essay # 1 ( .pdf / 84KB ) Sample Scoring Guidelines ( .pdf / 43KB ) Comments from the Chief Reader ( .pdf / 47KB ) Sample Student Responses ( .pdf / 3.65MB ) Scoring Commentary ( .pdf / 50KB ) Sample 2 An additional sample synthesis essay question is provided here . AP English Language and Composition Synthesis Essay # 2 ( .pdf / 338KB ) | [
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http://apecsec.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-genetic-engineering/ | Issues Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering May 27 , 2014 0 311203 Genetic engineering referrs to the practice of adding new DNA to living things in order to create traits that would have not naturally existed . It has gotten much attention lately , this is because there are people that believe you should not interfere with what naturally happens in nature . Genetic engineering has many benefits , but some drawbacks too . The Advantages of Genetic Engineering 1 . With genetic engineering , most of the diseases and illnesses can easily be prevented through isolating the exact gene that causes them . 2 . There are also infectious diseases that can be treated with the use of genetic engineering . This is done by implanting the genes that are associated with antigen and antiviral proteins . 3 . The most desirable traits of certain organisms can be pin pointed and integrated into other organism โ s DNA . 4 . Genetic engineering has the ability to increase the genetic diversity as well as produce variant alleles that can be implanted to other species . It is also possible to change the heredity of the wheat plants and grow insulin . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . The Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering 1 . There are scientists who believe that the existence of hereditarily modified genes can have an irreversible effects and associated consequences . 2 . Genetic engineering can hinder the moral issues particularly in religion . They also wonder if man has the ability and right to influence the course and law of nature . 3 . There are also professional scientists who manipulated the so called genetic sequence to obtain the main purpose of human reproduction organs that are intended for health purposes . 4 . The process of genetic engineering is quite tricky and risky process and you need to gather a wide variety of information before attempting to engage in the process of genetic engineering . The genetic engineering process involves gene and chromosome that has the ability to control the body characteristics . The bacteria that is present in the human body has the potential to live healthy life however with the help of Genetic engineering , human intervention can actively manipulated and the existence of bacteria can easily determined . Keeping yourself educated about all aspects of genetic engineering can help you to form your own opinion on the matter . | [
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http://apexpallets.net/ | Apex Pallets Virginia Pallet Recycling We Pick Up Call 8042461499 We SELL New and Used and Recycled Pallets GMA and ODD Sized Pallets We Custom BUILD Pallets We Sell Pallet Nails Nail Guns and Staples APEX PALLETS in Petersburg VA serves food and beverage manufacturers and industrial customers in Virginia North Carolina and Maryland We offer a variety of services in Pallets We buy and sell new and used pallets Our mission is to provide highest quality recycled pallet to our customers We started our company back in 2003 when we noticed customers throwing pallets into the dumpster We felt there was a better way to keep the pallets out of landfill so we started recycling pallets Pallets are used in virtually all industries that transport products We also specialize in the procurement reconditioning and distribution of wood pallets to and from the manufacturing and retail sectors See Pallet Building Machine in Action Are You a Pallet Customer Vendor of APEX PALLETS Well you should be and heres why On the last day of each month we hold a Dinner Drawing Every representing Customer Vendor doing business with APEX PALLETS has a chance to win a Crisp 100 Bill or 100 Gift Certificate to the restaurant of their choice With every pallet orderPallet pick up your name gets dropped into the hat Call us at 8042461499 and let APEX PALLETS service your needs | [
"APEX PALLETS",
"food and beverage manufacturers"
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http://aphgdelgado.weebly.com/vocab.html | AP Human Geography Terms and Concepts Every Test Day you will turn in your Illustrated Dictionary . Print as many copies of this template as you need . Check the class calendar for due dates . You can also CHOOSE to make this dictionary with lined paper ( not printed ) . As long as you follow the grid - style format , you will be fine . Directions : Create an illustrated Geographic Dictionary by completing these tasks : Write the complete definition of each term from your textbook or study guide Create a symbol or an illustration to represent each term OR write a well developed sentence that includes the term and that shows me that you understand the definition of the word The entire chart must be hand written , neat , and legible NUMBER each term Vocab Template Download File Chapter 1 Vocabulary ( Fouberg ) - Due day of test ! The picture below comes from page 34 of your Fouberg book . These are the vocabulary words due on test day Chapter 2 Vocabulary ( Fouberg ) - Due day of test ! The picture below comes from page 77 of your Fouberg book . These are the vocabulary words due on test day Chapter 3 Vocabulary ( Fouberg ) - Due day of test ! The picture below comes from page 111 of your Fouberg book . These are the vocabulary words due on test day . Chapter 4 Vocabulary ( Fouberg ) The picture below comes from page 144 of your Fouberg book . These are the vocabulary words due on test day Chapter 5 Vocabulary ( Fouberg ) The picture below comes from page 170 of your Fouberg book . These are the vocabulary words due on test day | [
"AP Human Geography",
"Due day of test",
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http://api.myfitnesspal.com/nutrition-facts-calories/bagels-forever | Showing results 1 through 20 of 32 Results for Bagels Forever Cranberry Oat Bagels Forever Serving Size : 1 bagel , Calories : 240 , Fat : 1g , Carbs : 49g , Protein : 9g Bluebrry Bagel Bagels Forever Serving Size : 1 bagel , Calories : 230 , Fat : 1g , Carbs : 47g , Protein : 9g 7 Grain Bagel 240 , 1.5g , 46g , 10g Blueberry Bagel 230 , 47g , Rye Pumpernickel Hole Wheat Bagel Bagel ' s Forever 1 Bagel ( 85 g / 3 oz ) , 46g , 10g Sesame 2.5g , 44g , Sesame Seed Bagel 85 g ( 1 bagel ) , 2.5g , 44g , Plain 1 Bagel , 45g , Poppyseed 2g , Maple Cinnamon Bagel 49g , Whipped Cream Cheese 2 Tbsp , 70 , 7g , 1g Whole Wheat Bagel 1 Bagel , 0g , 0g , 0g Plain Baglel 1 bagels , 45g , Egg Bagel 1 bagel 85 g , Bagels - whole Wheat Sesame Bagel Sesame Bagel Bagels forever Egg Bagel 1 bagel 85 g , 1 2 Next ยป Other popular brands : Fiera Foods Company Lubys Kyder lemon pepper chicken wang Inland Market Emerald of California Kozy Shack No Sugar oscar myers River valley New York Brand Planers Backyard Baked Potatoe Olivieri - Nutri Wise Chazoo Nestle Pure Life Water Nouvelle Boulangerie Royal City Attain Knorr Lipton Side Kicks Oak Hill Farms western Familly Odwalla - Choco - Walla Bar Ah - So Sauce Plainville Kraft Natural Crumbles Dannon Light & Fit 4oz Salad Spinners Blue Moose The Bread Basket Bakery | [
"Bagels Forever",
"Cranberry Oat",
"Hole Wheat Bagel"
] |
http://aplglobalschool.com/ | READ MORE READ MORE READ MORE READ MORE READ MORE ART MUSIC EXPRESSIONS At APL Global School we believe that every child is a unique learner who deserves a flexible customized and personalised educational environment We work with children to ensure that we meet their individual needs and feed their interests through our teaching and assessment strategies CLICK HERE TO KNOW MORE NEWS EVENTS APL Events Click here to read more Cambridge Outstanding Learner Awards Click here to read more An interview with Chennai Live 1048 FM On learning about the exceptional pedagogy and holistic approach to education followed at APL our founder and MD Ms Gita Jagannathan was invited by Chennai Live 1048 FM for an interview on 20th September 2016 Click here to read more CAIE Results The CI results of the June 2018 session was truly commendable a denotes AS level IGCSE Level AS Level A Level Eshan Sai Venkatesh Mathematics A Veda Ramakrishnan Mathematics A Hrsh Venkat Mathematics A Hawon Yoon Mathematics A Pranav Satheesh Mathematics A Priyadarshini Travel and Tourism A A aron David Mathematics A A aryan I Sarma Mathematics A Chaitanya Pemmasani Mathematics A BK Cyndia Economics A Adhish Jayaprakash Art Design A Rohith Sudarshan Anand Mathematics A Eshan Sai Venkatesh Mathematics A Veda Ramakrishnan Mathematics A Hrsh Venkat Mathematics A Hawon Yoon Mathematics A Pranav Satheesh Mathematics A Priyadarshini Travel and Tourism A A aron David Mathematics A A aryan I Sarma Mathematics A Chaitanya Pemmasani Mathematics A BK Cyndia Economics A Adhish Jayaprakash Art Design A Rohith Sudarshan Anand Mathematics A APL SNAPSHOT SnapShot APLs emagazine is created by the students for the students It is a platform that gives them an opportunity to voice their opinions showcase the events of the school and the world around them Contributions cut across students teachers and even parents making it a diverse magazine TESTIMONIALS I would recommend prospective students to undertake the CIE curriculum for the availability and the freedom of choice it offers no other academic stream offers that absolute liberty to make your own Sakshi 2014 batch I like the teachinglearning methodology at APL The PLPs are very helpful in preparing for our semester exams and it gives us an idea of how well we have understood the lesson Sasha 2014 batch I thank all my teachers who have taught me from Grade 7 to Grade 12 Special thanks to Sangeetha maam Varalakshmi maam and the Sports teachers for helping me to improve my fitness Brihadeesh N 2016 NIOS batch I think of the CIE Alevels as the benchmark in highschool education standards as it offers a very applicationoriented course and is also very well reputed almost all over the world I would recommend it as an option Dilan Thakrar 2015 batch I would recommend prospective students to undertake the CIE curriculum for the availability and the freedom of choice it offers no other academic stream offers that absolute liberty to make your own Sakshi 2014 batch I like the teachinglearning methodology at APL The PLPs are very helpful in preparing for our semester exams and it gives us an idea of how well we have understood the lesson Sasha 2014 batch I thank all my teachers who have taught me from Grade 7 to Grade 12 Special thanks to Sangeetha maam Varalakshmi maam and the Sports teachers for helping me to improve my fitness Brihadeesh N 2016 NIOS batch I think of the CIE Alevels as the benchmark in highschool education standards as it offers a very applicationoriented course and is also very well reputed almost all over the world I would recommend it as an option Dilan Thakrar 2015 batch | [
"APL Global School"
] |
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infoapluscreditinccom CONTACT US | [
"financial strategies",
"Home Mortgages",
"Credit Cards"
] |
http://apn-settings.com/straight-talk-apn-settings-configuration/ | Home APN Settings ยป Straight talk apn settings โ Step by Step Configuration Straight talk apn settings โ Step by Step Configuration Posted by apnsettings | on October 12 , 2013 | 32 Comments Straight talk apn settings โ Step by Step Configuration for the US Straight talk apn settings โ Step by Step Configuration . Seems that there are a lot of folds having issue to correctly setup the straight talk APN Settings for their phone , we have looked into different forums and tested this one version which seems to be working properly . These are the most recent and fully functionaly straighttalk apn settings for the United States ( US ) . Once you have completed to setupThis Straight talk APN settings you are ready to Go ! , Happy Browsing on a FAST Mobile Internet for your StraightTalk phone using this straight talk APN Settings ! Straight talk apn settings : As mentioned above , for connecting to the mobile internet on your smartphone , please use the below Straight talk apn settings , sometimes there are people who refer them as Straight talk wap setting s or 3G 4G APN Settings for Straigh . Do n โ t worry , they are talking about the same thing here . Name : STRAIGHT TALK ( or just any name you would like to use ) APN : tfdata Proxy : proxy . mvno . tracfone . com Port : < Leave in Blank > Username : < Leave in Blank > Password Server MMSC : http : / / mms - tf . net MMS proxy : mms3 . tracfone . com MMS port : 80 MCC : 310 MNC : 410 Authentication type APN type : default , supl , mms APN Protocol : Leave it to the Default one You may want to READ This Data and MSS not Working on iOS 7 โ How to Fix it Straight talk apn settings โ How to configure it ? We have summarize the required steps for you to be able to configure the Straight talk apn settings for your smartphone : Straight talk apn settings for Android โ For Android , you should go to Settings > Wireless Connections > More > Mobile Networks > Access Point Names . if yo uprefer to watch a video , here it is https : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = SI9NBWYn2Vo Straight talk apn settings for iPhone or iPad โ Main Screen > Setup > General > Network > Mobile Data . Video instructions for the Straighttalk apn settings : http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = fspQVMaxHko Straight talk apn settings for Blackberry โ Step by Step configuration for you blackberry . http : / / www . youtube . com / watch ? v = uyUZHYssJQA RELATED Nexus 5 LTE Straight Talk Configuration MMS Settings What are these Straight Talk APN Settings for ? On a smartphone , the way to let your device know which is the address to find the correct Straight Talk Internet Setting is using the StraightTalk APN Settings that you provided . They are unique for each provider on each country on earth This is the Best Straight talk APN settings you can find , and also it is the most recent working one . Some people search for Straight talk APN Settings 2013 which is exactly the same If you have issue Sending or Recieving MMS , please refer to this : Straight talk mms not working โ Complete Troubleshooting Guide If the Above Straight Talk APN Settings is not working on your smartphone , please post us a message with the comment box below and we will help you find out the reason why . If you have a NEXUS 5 please read Nexus 5 LTE with Straight Talk APN Settings You might also want to take a look at the Straight Talk APN Settings configuration tool on their official website support : http : / / www . straighttalk . com / wps / portal / home / support / apn Straigh Talk APN Settings Tweet | [
"APN Settings",
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http://app-help.vectorworks.net/2017/eng/VW2017_Guide/Objects_edit2/Converting_Polyline_Vertices_from_Arc_to_Radius.htm | Editing Objects Editing Geometry Reshaping Objects Converting Polyline Vertices from Arc to Radius Converting Polyline Vertices from Arc to Radius Because radius vertices are easier to edit than arc vertices they simplify the reshaping of polylines Each vertex of a polyline can be changed to radius type with the Change Vertex mode of the Reshape tool or by editing the vertex type in the Object Info palette However this is tedious if the object includes several arc vertices The Convert Arc to Radius Polyline command is available to convert all of the arc vertices to radius vertices Objects like hardscapes or slabs Vectorworks Design Series required which are based on path polylines can benefit by converting their path polyline to contain radius vertices because they become easier to reshape To convert arc vertices to radius vertices Select the polyline for pathbased objects doubleclick the object or select Modify Edit Object to access the path in editing mode See Object Editing Mode Rightclick Windows or Ctrlclick Mac on a polyline which contains at least one arc vertex and select Convert Arc to Radius Polyline from the context menu The arc vertices of the polyline or path object are converted to radius vertices Reshaping Objects Editing VertexBased Objects Reshaping Polylines Change Vertex Mode Smoothing Objects Was this page helpful vectorworksnet | [
"Converting Polyline Vertices",
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http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9A.36.050 | Print RCWs > Title 9A > Chapter 9A . 36 Section 9A . 36 . 050 9A . 36 . 045 < < 9A . 36 . 050 > > 9A . 36 . 060 RCW 9A . 36 . 050 Reckless endangerment . ( 1 ) A person is guilty of reckless endangerment when he or she recklessly engages in conduct not amounting to drive - by shooting but that creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another person . ( 2 ) Reckless endangerment is a gross misdemeanor . 1997 c 338 ยง 45 ; 1989 c 271 ยง 110 ; 1975 1st ex . s . c 260 ยง 9A . 36 . 050 . NOTES : Finding Evaluation Report 1997 c 338 : See note following RCW 13.40.0357 Severability Effective dates 1997 c 338 : See notes following RCW 5.60.060 Finding Intent 1989 c 271 ยง ยง 102 , 109 , and 110 : " The legislature finds that increased trafficking in illegal drugs has increased the likelihood of " drive - by shootings . " It is the intent of the legislature in sections 102 , 109 , and 110 of this act to categorize such reckless and criminal activity into a separate crime and to provide for an appropriate punishment . " [ 1989 c 271 ยง 108 . Application 1989 c 271 ยง ยง 101 - 111 : See note following RCW 9 . 94A . 510 Severability 1989 c 271 : 9 . 94A . 510 Criminal history and driving record : RCW 46.61.513 | [
"Reckless endangerment ."
] |
http://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=308-104-160 | Print WACs > Title 308 > Chapter 308 - 104 Section 308 - 104 - 160 308 - 104 - 155 < < 308 - 104 - 160 > > 308 - 104 - 170 Agency filings affecting this section WAC 308 - 104 - 160 Moving and nonmoving violations defined . For purposes of RCW 46.20.2891 46.65.020 , and this chapter , the term " moving violation " means any violation of vehicle laws listed in this section that is committed by the driver of a vehicle , while the vehicle is moving . However , being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug is also considered a moving violation for the purposes of this section . Parking violations , equipment violations or paperwork violations relating to insurance , registration , licensing and inspection are considered " nonmoving violations . " Moving violations are those violations ( 1 ) Driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug as defined by RCW 46.61.502 ( 2 ) Physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug , as defined by RCW 46.61.504 ( 3 ) Vehicular homicide , as defined by RCW 46.61.520 ( 4 ) Vehicular assault , as defined by RCW 46.61.522 ( 5 ) Reckless driving , as defined by RCW 46.61.500 ( 6 ) Racing , as defined by RCW 46.61.530 ( 7 ) Embracing , as defined by RCW 46.61.665 ( 8 ) Hit and run ( injury , death , striking the body of a deceased person , or occupied vehicle ) , as defined by RCW 46.52.020 ( 9 ) Attempting to elude a police vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.61.024 ( 10 ) Driving while driving privilege suspended or revoked , as defined by RCW 46.20.342 46.20.345 , or 46.20.394 ( 11 ) Reckless endangerment of roadway workers , as defined in RCW 46.61.527 ( 12 ) Driver under twenty - one driving or being in physical control of a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol or marijuana , as defined in RCW 46.61.503 ( 13 ) Driving or in physical control of commercial motor vehicle while having alcohol in system , as defined in RCW 46.25.110 ( 14 ) Open container violation ( driver ) , as defined by RCW 46.61.519 or 46.61.745 ( 15 ) Negligent driving in the first degree , as defined by RCW 46.61.5249 ( 16 ) Negligent driving in the second degree , as defined by RCW 46.61.525 or 46.61.526 ( 17 ) Hit and run ( unattended vehicle or property ) , as defined by RCW 46.52.010 ( 18 ) Disobey road sign , as defined by RCW 46.61.050 46.61.070 , or 46.61.450 ( 19 ) Disobey signalman , officer , or firefighter , as defined by RCW 46.61.015 46.61.020 46.61.021 46.61.022 ( 20 ) Disobey school patrol , as defined by RCW 46.61.385 ( 21 ) Speed too fast for conditions , as defined by RCW 46.61.400 ( 22 ) Speed in excess of maximum limit , as defined by RCW 46.61.400 46.61.460 ( 23 ) Speeding in a school zone , as defined by RCW 46.61.440 ( 24 ) Failure to stop , as defined by RCW 46.61.055 46.61.065 46.61.195 46.61.200 46.61.340 46.61.345 46.61.350 46.61.365 46.61.370 46.61.375 ( 25 ) Failure to yield right of way , as defined by RCW 46.61.180 46.61.183 46.61.185 46.61.190 46.61.202 46.61.205 46.61.210 46.61.212 46.61.215 46.61.220 46.61.235 46.61.245 46.61.261 46.61.300 46.61.427 ( 26 ) Failure to keep to the right , as defined by RCW 46.61.100 46.61.105 ( 27 ) Wrong way on a one - way street or rotary traffic island , as defined by RCW 46.61.135 ( 28 ) Improper lane change or travel , as defined by RCW 46.61.140 ( 29 ) Straddling or driving over centerline , as defined by RCW 46.61.140 ( 30 ) Driving on the wrong side of the road , as defined by RCW 46.61.150 ( 31 ) Crossing divider , as defined by RCW 46.61.150 ( 32 ) Improper entrance to or exit from freeway , as defined by RCW 46.61.155 ( 33 ) Violating restrictions on a limited access highway while driving a motor vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.61.160 ( 34 ) High occupancy vehicle lane violation , as defined by RCW 46.61.165 ( 35 ) Improper overtaking or passing , as defined by RCW 46.61.110 46.61.115 46.61.120 46.61.125 46.61.130 46.61.428 ( 36 ) Passing stopped school bus , as defined by RCW 46.61.370 ( 37 ) Passing stopped private carrier bus , as defined by RCW 46.61.375 ( 38 ) Following too closely , as defined by RCW 46.61.145 ( 39 ) Following fire apparatus , as defined by RCW 46.61.635 ( 40 ) Crossing fire hose , as defined by RCW 46.61.640 ( 41 ) Driving on sidewalk , as defined by RCW 46.61.606 ( 42 ) Driving through safety zone , as defined by RCW 46.61.260 ( 43 ) Driving with wheels off roadway , as defined by RCW 46.61.670 ( 44 ) Impeding traffic , as defined by RCW 46.61.100 46.61.425 46.20.427 ( 45 ) Improper turn , as defined by RCW 46.61.290 ( 46 ) Prohibited turn , as defined by RCW 46.61.295 ( 47 ) Failure to signal or improper signal , as defined by RCW 46.61.305 46.61.310 46.61.315 ( 48 ) Improper backing , as defined by RCW 46.61.605 ( 49 ) Unlawful operation of motorcycle on roadway , as defined by RCW 46.61.608 46.61.612 46.61.614 ( 50 ) Reckless endangerment , as defined by RCW 9A . 36 . 050 ( 51 ) Failure to maintain control , as defined by RCW 46.61.445 ( 52 ) Violation of license restriction ( s ) , as defined by RCW 46.20.041 46.20.740 ( 53 ) Violation of instruction permit restrictions , as defined by RCW 46.20.055 ( 54 ) Violation of out - of - service order , as defined by RCW 46.25.090 ( 55 ) Obstructed vision or control , as defined by RCW 46.61.615 ( 56 ) Carrying persons or animals outside of vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.61.660 ( 57 ) Carrying passenger in towed vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.61.625 ( 58 ) Coasting on downgrade , as defined by RCW 46.61.630 ( 59 ) Violation of child restraint requirements , as defined by RCW 46.61.687 ( 60 ) Carrying child under the age of five years old on motorcycle , as defined by RCW 46.37.530 ( 61 ) Carrying passenger improperly on motorcycle , as defined by RCW 46.61.610 ( 62 ) No helmet , goggles , mirrors , windshield or face shield , as defined by RCW 46.37.530 ( 63 ) Operating moped on freeway or sidewalk , as defined by RCW 46.61.710 ( 64 ) Driving without lights , as defined by RCW 46.37.020 ( 65 ) Failure to dim lights , as defined by RCW 46.37.230 ( 66 ) Operating motorcycle without lights , as defined by RCW 46.37.522 ( 67 ) No lamp , reflector , or flag on extended load , as defined by RCW 46.37.140 ( 68 ) Wearing earphones or viewing television in vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.37.480 ( 69 ) Failure to secure load , as defined by RCW 46.37.490 ( 70 ) Spilling load , as defined by RCW 46.61.655 ( 71 ) Improper towing , as defined by RCW 46.44.070 ( 72 ) Using a personal electronic device while driving , as defined by RCW 46.61.672 ( 73 ) Dangerously distracted driving , as defined by RCW 46.61.673 ( 74 ) Using a hand - held mobile telephone while driving , as defined by RCW 46.61.667 ( 1 ) ( b ) ( repealed by 2017 c 334 ยง 2 ) ; and ( 75 ) Texting while driving a commercial motor vehicle , as defined by RCW 46.61.668 ( 1 ) ( b ) ( repealed by 2017 c 334 ยง 2 ) . [ Statutory Authority : RCW 46.01.110 46.20.2891 46.82.290 , and 46.90.010 . WSR 17 - 21 - 026 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 10 / 10 / 17 , effective 11 / 10 / 17 . Statutory Authority : RCW 46.01.110 and . WSR 16 - 16 - 101 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 8 / 2 / 16 , effective 9 / 2 / 16 . Statutory Authority : RCW 46.20.291 , and 46.65.020 . WSR 14 - 04 - 014 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 1 / 24 / 14 , effective 2 / 24 / 14 ; WSR 13 - 04 - 059 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 2 / 1 / 13 , effective 3 / 4 / 13 . Statutory Authority : RCW . WSR 00 - 18 - 070 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 9 / 1 / 00 , effective 10 / 2 / 00 . Statutory Authority : RCW 46.10.110 . WSR 92 - 08 - 045 , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 3 / 25 / 92 , effective 4 / 25 / 92 . Statutory Authority : RCW 46.20.391 46.01.100 and . WSR 86 - 07 - 018 ( Order DS 2 ) , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 3 / 12 / 86 . Statutory Authority : RCW . WSR 82 - 21 - 002 ( Order 697 - DOL ) , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 10 / 7 / 82 ; WSR 82 - 03 - 046 ( Order 668 DOL ) , ยง 308 - 104 - 160 , filed 1 / 19 / 82 . ] | [
"WAC"
] |
http://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.55.120 | 4655118 4655120 4655125 RCW 4655120 Redemption of vehicles Sale of unredeemed property Improper impoundment 1a Vehicles or other items of personal property registered or titled with the department that are impounded by registered tow truck operators pursuant to RCW 4655080 4655085 4655113 or 9A88140 may be redeemed only by the following persons or entities i The legal owner ii The registered owner iii A person authorized in writing by the registered owner iv The vehicles insurer or a vendor working on behalf of the vehicles insurer v A thirdparty insurer that has a duty to repair or replace the vehicle has obtained consent from the registered owner or the owners agent to move the vehicle and has documented that consent in the insurers claim file or a vendor working on behalf of a thirdparty insurer that has received such consent provided however that at all times the registered owner must be granted access to and may reclaim possession of the vehicle For the purposes of this subsection owners agent means the legal owner of the vehicle a driver in possession of the vehicle with the registered vi A person who is determined and verified by the operator to have the permission of the registered owner of the vehicle or other item of personal property registered or titled with the department vii A person who has purchased a vehicle or item of personal property registered or titled with the department from the registered owner who produces proof of ownership or written authorization and signs a receipt therefor or viii If ai through vii of this subsection do not apply a person who is known to the registered or legal owner of a motorcycle or moped as each are defined in chapter 4604 RCW that was towed from the scene of an accident may redeem the motorcycle or moped as a bailment in accordance with RCW 4655125 while the registered or legal owner is admitted as a patient in a hospital due to the accident b In addition a vehicle impounded because the operator is in violation of RCW 4620342 1c shall not be released until a person eligible to redeem it under a of this subsection satisfies the requirements of f of this subsection including paying all towing removal and storage fees notwithstanding the fact that the hold was ordered by a government agency If the departments records show that the operator has been convicted of a violation of RCW 4620342 or a similar local ordinance within the past five years the vehicle may be held for up to thirty days at the written direction of the agency ordering the vehicle impounded A vehicle impounded because the operator is arrested for a violation of RCW 4620342 may be released only pursuant to a written order from the agency that ordered the vehicle impounded or from the court having jurisdiction An agency shall issue a written order to release pursuant to a provision of an applicable state agency rule or local ordinance authorizing release on the basis of the following i Economic or personal hardship to the spouse of the operator taking into consideration public safety factors including the operators criminal history and driving record or ii The owner of the vehicle was not the driver the owner did not know that the drivers license was suspended or revoked and the owner has not received a prior release under this subsection or RCW 4655113 3 In order to avoid discriminatory application other than for the reasons for release set forth in bi and ii of this subsection an agency shall under a provision of an applicable state agency rule or local ordinance deny release in all other circumstances without discretion If a vehicle is impounded because the operator is in violation of RCW 4620342 1 a or b the vehicle may be held for up to thirty days at the written direction of the agency ordering the vehicle impounded However if the departments records show that the operator has been convicted of a violation of RCW 4620342 1 a or b or a similar local ordinance within the past five years the vehicle may be held at the written direction of the agency ordering the vehicle impounded for up to sixty days and for up to ninety days if the operator has two or more such prior offenses If a vehicle is impounded because the operator is arrested for a violation of RCW 4620342 the vehicle may not be released until a person eligible to redeem it under a of this subsection satisfies the requirements of f of this subsection including paying all towing removal and storage fees notwithstanding the fact that the hold was ordered by a government agency c If the vehicle is directed to be held for a suspended license impound a person who desires to redeem the vehicle at the end of the period of impound shall within five days of the impound at the request of the tow truck operator pay a security deposit to the tow truck operator of not more than onehalf of the applicable impound storage rate for each day of the proposed suspended license impound The tow truck operator shall credit this amount against the final bill for removal towing and storage upon redemption The tow truck operator may accept other 4655130 1 The security deposit required by this section may be paid and must be accepted at any time up to twentyfour hours before the beginning of the auction to sell the vehicle as abandoned The registered owner is not eligible to purchase the vehicle at the auction and the tow truck operator shall sell the vehicle to the highest bidder who is not the registered owner d Notwithstanding c of this subsection a rental car business may immediately redeem a rental vehicle it owns by payment of the costs of removal towing and storage whereupon the vehicle will not be held for a suspended license impound e Notwithstanding c of this subsection a motor vehicle dealer or lender with a perfected security interest in the vehicle may redeem or lawfully repossess a vehicle immediately by payment of the costs of removal towing and storage whereupon the vehicle will not be held for a suspended license impound A motor vehicle dealer or lender with a perfected security interest in the vehicle may not knowingly and intentionally engage in collusion with a registered owner to repossess and then return or resell a vehicle to the registered owner in an attempt to avoid a suspended license impound However this 62A9A623 If the debtor is the registered owner of the vehicle the debtors right to redeem the vehicle under chapter 62A9A RCW is conditioned upon the debtor obtaining and providing proof from the impounding authority or court having jurisdiction that any fines penalties and forfeitures owed by the registered owner as a result of the suspended license impound have been paid and proof of the payment must be tendered to the vehicle dealer or lender at the time the debtor tenders all other obligations required to redeem the vehicle Vehicle dealers or lenders are not liable for damages if they rely f The vehicle or other item of personal property registered or titled with the department shall be released upon the presentation to any person having custody of the vehicle of commercially reasonable tender sufficient to cover the costs of towing storage or other services rendered during the course of towing removing impounding or storing any such vehicle with credit being given for the amount of any security deposit paid under c of this subsection In addition if a vehicle is impounded because the operator was arrested for a violation of RCW 4620342 or 4620345 and was being operated by the registered owner when it was impounded under local ordinance or agency rule it must not be released to any person until the registered owner establishes with the agency that ordered the vehicle impounded or the court having jurisdiction that any penalties fines or forfeitures owed by him or her have been satisfied Registered tow truck operators are not liable for damages if they rely in good faith on an order from the impounding agency or a court in releasing a vehicle held under a suspended license impound Commercially reasonable tender shall include without limitation 2a The registered tow truck operator shall give to each person who seeks to redeem an impounded vehicle or item of personal property registered or titled with the department written notice of the right of redemption and opportunity for a hearing which notice shall be accompanied by a form to be used for requesting a hearing the name of the person or agency authorizing the impound and a copy of the towing and storage invoice The registered tow truck operator shall maintain a record evidenced by the redeeming persons signature that such notification was provided b Any person seeking to redeem an impounded vehicle under this section has a right to a hearing in the district or municipal court for the jurisdiction in which the vehicle was impounded to contest the validity of the impoundment or the amount of towing and storage charges The district court has jurisdiction to determine the issues involving all impoundments including those authorized by the state or its agents The municipal court has jurisdiction to determine the issues involving impoundments authorized by agents of the municipality Any request for a hearing shall be made in writing on the form provided 3a The court within five days after the request for a hearing shall notify the registered tow truck operator the person requesting the hearing if not the owner the registered and legal owners of the vehicle or other item of personal property registered or titled with the department and the person or agency authorizing the impound in writing of the hearing date and time b At the hearing the person or persons requesting the hearing may produce any relevant evidence to show that the impoundment towing or storage fees charged were not proper The court may consider a written report made under oath by the officer who authorized the impoundment in lieu of the officers personal appearance at the hearing c At the conclusion of the hearing the court shall determine whether the impoundment was proper whether the towing or storage fees charged were in compliance with the posted rates and who is responsible for payment of the fees The court may not adjust fees or charges that are in compliance with the posted or contracted rates d If the impoundment is found proper the impoundment towing and storage fees as permitted under this chapter together with court costs shall be assessed against the person or persons requesting the hearing unless the operator did not have a signed and valid impoundment authorization from a private property owner or an authorized agent e If the impoundment is determined to be in violation of this chapter then the registered and legal owners of the vehicle or other item of personal property registered or titled with the department shall bear no impoundment towing or storage fees and any security shall be returned or discharged as appropriate and the person or agency who authorized the impoundment shall be liable for any towing storage or other impoundment fees permitted under this chapter The court shall enter judgment in favor of the registered tow truck operator against the person or agency authorizing the impound for the impoundment 4620342 or 4620345 is determined to be in violation of this chapter then the law enforcement officer directing the impoundment and the government employing the officer are not liable for damages if the officer relied in good faith and without gross negligence on the records of the department in ascertaining that the operator of the vehicle had a suspended or revoked drivers license If any judgment entered is not paid within fifteen days of notice in writing of its entry the court shall award reasonable attorneys fees and costs against the defendant in any action to enforce the judgment Notice of entry of TO YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED JUDGMENT was entered against you in the Court located at in the sum of in an action entitled Case No YOU ARE FURTHER NOTIFIED that attorneys fees and costs will be awarded against you under RCW if the judgment is not paid within 15 days of the date of this notice DATED this day of year Signature Typed name and address of party mailing notice 4 Any impounded abandoned vehicle or item of personal property registered or titled with the department that is not redeemed within fifteen days of mailing of the notice of custody and sale as required by RCW 4655110 3 shall be sold at public auction in accordance with all the provisions and subject to all the conditions of RCW 4655130 A vehicle or item of personal property registered or titled with the department may be redeemed at any time before the start of the auction upon payment of the applicable towing and storage fees 2017 c 152 1 2013 c 150 1 2009 c 387 3 2004 c 250 1 2003 c 177 2 2000 c 193 1 Prior 1999 c 398 7 1999 c 327 5 1998 c 203 5 1996 c 89 2 1995 c 360 7 1993 c 121 3 1989 c 111 11 1987 c 311 12 1985 c 377 12 NOTES Short title 2017 c 152 See note following RCW 4655125 Findings Intent 1999 c 327 See note following RCW 9A88130 Finding 1998 c 203 See note following RCW 4655105 | [
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http://appbasic.com/ | Hot Apps Garden Photo Frames Police Suit Waterfall Photo Frames Rain Forest Sounds Latest Apps kudax asd Night Photo Frames Autumn Photo Live Wallpaper Snowfall Photo Frames Couple Photo Suit Waterfall Photo Frames Police Suit About App Basic Welcome to the world of incredibly useful apps We have got a huge collection of apps which will help you to get more practical utility out of your Smartphone or Tablet App Basic is a one of the best global interactive mobile app development company that comprises of the full range of mobile applications development We design and develop apps for IOS and android platforms that make you smile App Basic is now recognized as a leading app development company made up of highly skilled group of designers and engineers bound together to meet your expectations We emphasize on the need of the user who are looking for quality apps to make their daily task easier We have 300 applications falling under many different categories such as Communication Entertainment Photography Tools and many more along with more than 50 million downloads around the Globe Our apps will make you glued to your Smartphones and Tablets screen all the time All the apps are free to use | [
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] |
http://appcrawlr.com/android-apps/best-apps-real-iq-test | Best Android apps for : " real iq test " Best Real Iq Test apps for iOS Filter by : Free brain workout time killer mind blowing iq game mental exercise Brainiac ! Just Real IQ Test Puzzle " Brainiac ! The Real and Serious IQ Test This App it ' s not just a game . All other " Free 111 ratings Best IQ Test Puzzle " This test is based on the Raven ' s IQ test " Free 17K ratings Best IQ Test " This game is a real IQ tester 70K IQ Test - How smart are you ? " Is it real IQ test 46K IQ and Aptitude Test Practice Education " I have already taken real IQ test before " 3K Logical test " since i have not taken a real IQ test 64K The IQ Test Education " " The most comprehensive IQ test on Android Market . " Are you a logical thinker ? A " $ 0.99 179 kill time + 500 Apps fall asleep + 500 Apps meet new people Explore further Apps about brain teaser Apps about brain training logic game mind boggling problem solving puzzle game freemium game math puzzle | [
"real iq test",
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http://appcrawlr.com/ios-apps/best-apps-beat-making | Best iOS apps for : " beat making " Best Beat Making apps for Android Filter by : Free music apps sound quality time waster user friendly customer service BeatMaker Music " I ' ve used several industry standard beat making applications " $ 3.99 6K ratings BeatMaker 2 Music " I you ' re addicted to mpc style beat making like I am " $ 11.99 1K ratings EasyBeats Drum Machine MPC " Learning the art of beat making Free 12K DM1 - The Drum Machine " Definatley the best app on the ipad or iphone " $ 4.99 1K iMPC " This is probably the best app out right now " $ 6.99 576 EasyBeats 2 Pro Drum Machine - Beat or Program Drums ! " No doubt the best and easiest to use app " $ 4.99 336 KORG iELECTRIBE " It ' s got a particular way of beat making $ 19.99 791 BeatMakerHD " Yoooooo thanks for such a easy great app " $ 9.99 153 BeatHawk " The sequencer is really what makes this app different " $ 9.99 220 DrumPad Live " Simple Free 186 Dubstep Maker EDM Games " Create amazing sounding Dubstep / EDM music with our free Dubstep Maker . = Featu " 916 ProStudio Beat Library - Beats " Music Artist , Beat library App , Provides Downloadable instrumentals ( Beats ) from " 161 Hocus Pocus " cette application de vous permettra de d xe9 " 6 Novation Launchpad - Make & Remix Music " By far my favorite iPhone 2K Music Maker JAM : Drop a track share with the world " Just an epic 3K NanoStudio " Best $ 1.99 EasyBeats 3 Drum Machine " By far the best app on iOS " 317 SeekBeats Drum Machine Synth " 4.5 stars on the U.S. App Store ! ! ( Customer Ratings , All Versions ) Check the sup " $ 11.99 167 NodeBeat - Playful Music " Join over 2 million people and make music with NodeBeat , the intuitive and fun vi " $ 2.99 656 FLSM " This app is perfect for and music mixing " $ 899.99 506 DM1 for iPhone " DM1 is an advanced vintage Drum Machine . It turns your iPhone into a fun and crea " $ 1.99 272 Loop Pads 24 " Hands down the best app available " 193 Everyday Looper " Almost the perfect app for on the fly $ 5.99 541 FingerBeat " A pocket sampler , drum - machine & field recorder designed for ' on - the - go ' creativi " 676 nanoloop " the best app on ios " $ 3.99 224 Drum Set Live - ( Real Drums pads ) " Learn to play the Drums using real Drum sound kits . Custom Drum kits are rare and " 168 Impaktor - The drum synthesizer " * " Without doubt the most powerful and genuinely useful percussion app on the App " 200 Elastic Drums " Simple workflow gets you right in to 160 bleep ! BOX " My dream tool " 118 ProStudio Beat Library 2 " This is a great 113 Yellofier " Yellofier makes anything into music . Record your voice , a musical instrument or e " $ 2.99 134 Turnado " Turnado is a revolutionary multi - effect tool , crafted especially for massive real " $ 19.99 79 Triqtraq - Jam Sequencer " Create music on the go with Triqtraq . Compose original beats in the smooth one - wi " 65 Beatbox+ " This is probably the best app for free " 169 Loopseque " Loopseque it ' s a new music ecosystem which includes powerful sequencer , sampler , " $ 5.99 121 Drum Pad Pandemonium HD " Tired of Drum Pads that just do n ' t have enough buttons and do n ' t give you enough " 184 Next | [
"iOS apps"
] |
http://appforhealth.com/2012/08/the-grapefruit-diet-new-and-improved/ | lose it freebies healthy bites fit & fab recipes about us Julie Upton , MS , RD , CSSD Katherine Brooking , MS , RD Guest Contributors Buzz work with us The Grapefruit Diet : New and Improved August 30 , 2012 by Julie 25 Comments The Grapefruit Diet : New and Improved The original Grapefruit Diet dates back to the 1930s . Now there โ s new interest in eating the citrus fruit to whittle your middle based on a new study that found that US women who ate grapefruit where thinner and had smaller waistlines than those who did n โ t eat the fruit . In another study , Vanderbilt University researchers put obese men and women on a diet that included grapefruit or grapefruit juice . The obese participants lost , on average , 15 pounds during the study . Bottom line : Eating grapefruit before meals helps fill you up so you eat fewer calories for that meal . The Original Grapefruit Diet In case you are too young to remember the hoopla over the Grapefruit Diet , here โ s the gist of it : Rules of the Old Grapefruit Diet Eat half a grapefruit or 4 oz . 100 % grapefruit juice before each meal . Eat two eggs and two slices of bacon for breakfast each day . Eat protein of your choice with salad and dressing for lunch . Dinner is meat , fish with vegetables . At bedtime , you have a glass of skim milk or tomato juice . Sample โ Old โ Grapefruit Diet Meal Plan Breakfast : 2 eggs , 2 slices of bacon , black coffee , 1 / 2 grapefruit or 8 ounces grapefruit juice Lunch : Salad with salad dressing , unlimited meat , and 1 / 2 grapefruit or 8 ounces grapefruit juice Dinner : Red or green vegetables ( except starchy ones such as peas , beans , corn , sweet potatoes ) or salad , unlimited meat or fish , and 1 / 2 grapefruit or 8 ounces grapefruit juice Bedtime snack : 8 ounces skim milk or tomato juice The Grapefruit Diet : New and Improved I developed a new and improved Grapefruit Diet that includes eating half a grapefruit with a high - protein breakfast each day . Since breakfast is the most important meal of the day for hunger management , adding both fruit and protein is an optimal combination for feeling fuller on fewer calories . For lunch and dinner , eat other fruit , soup or beverages that are also known to fill you up , not out . The New Rules : Eat half a grapefruit as part of a calorie - controlled ( up to 400 calorie ) high - protein breakfast every day . Use the suggestions below that all deliver at least 20 grams protein and are less than 400 calories . ( If you ca n โ t stomach grapefruit , have a medium orange , apple , 2 kiwifruit or ยฝ a medium banana instead ) Eat a serving of fresh fruit or a cup of a broth - based soup or tomato / vegetable juice or 16 ounces water before both lunch and dinner Enjoy a mid - am and afternoon snack of fruit and / or veggies Eat a balanced lunch and dinner 7 New Grapefruit Diet High - Protein Breakfasts Egg , Tomato & Arugula Sandwich 2 eggs + 2 whites scrambled served with 1 toasted Thomas โ whole - wheat Light English muffin with arugula , sliced tomato and 2 tsp . reduced fat mayonnaise ยฝ fresh grapefruit Coffee or tea Protein Pancakes with ยฝ cup nonfat plain Greek yogurt and ยฝ fresh grapefruit Coffee or tea Skinny Bacon and Egg Sandwich 1 Whole Grain English muffin with 1 soft - boiled egg with 2 slices Canadian Bacon and 1 oz low - fat cheese and slice of tomato with Cottage Cheese & Fruit 1 cup low - fat cottage cheese with 1 Toasted Thomas โ Light Whole Wheat English Muffin with 2 tsp . light spread and ยฝ fresh Grapefruit Veggie Omelet 2 whole eggs and 2 whites whisked together with 1 Tbs . water with 1 oz . shredded low - fat Feta cheese , salsa fresco and mushrooms and / or bell peppers 1 OroWeat Multi - Grain Sandwich thin ยฝ fresh Grapefruit High Protein Cereal 1 cup high - protein cold cereal ( ie Kashi GoLean ) with 1 / 2 cup skim or 1 % low - fat milk and 1 cup sliced strawberries 1 hard - boiled egg 1 / 2 fresh grapefruit Breakfast Biscuits and Yogurt 1 Package Belvita Breakfast Biscuits with 8 oz nonfat plain Greek yogurt 1 / 2 fresh grapefruit โ Julie Upton , MS , RD , CSSD Filed Under : BREAKFAST FEATURED ON PAGE HEALTHY BITES LOSE IT Tagged : AppforHealth . com best grapefruit diet CSSD diet diet plan diets grapefruit diet Julie Upton meal plans for weight loss MS new and improved grapefruit diet new grapefruit diet protein protein for weight loss proteins RD sample grapefruit diet Trackbacks Grapefruit diet review - MyDiet . com - MyDiet . com says : July 17 , 2013 at 2 : 42 pm [ โฆ ] breakfast suggestions could be found here , and if you are looking for other ways to incorporate grapefruit in your life , other than going on [ โฆ ] Skin Care Blog says : May 19 , 2017 at 4 : 52 am Get Fresh Grapefruit Sugar Body [ โฆ ] every day . Use the suggestions below that all deliver at least 20 grams protein [ โฆ ] About Us As registered dietitians ( RDs ) , everyone wants to know what we eat , our favorite new foods or how we eat right . . . Read More Weekly Newsletter Hungry for healthy recipes , nutrition news and fitness tips ? Want the inside scoop on our giveaways ? Sign up now ! Sign Up ! | [
"Grapefruit Diet",
"Vanderbilt University"
] |
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/106290/change-my-apple-id-email-address-on-icloud-account | Change my Apple ID email address on iCloud account Ask Question 7 5 I had to make a new email address for my new Apple ID since I forgot my previous Apple ID password and could n ' t receive a verification email . Now that I have my new Apple ID and password , my iPhone 4s still shows my old Apple ID . How can I change it so that my new Apple ID shows when I wish to download anything ? My iCloud account still has my old Apple ID and is in grey ; so I ca n ' t change it ! I do n ' t want to delete my old iCloud account . icloud apple - id documents - in - the - cloud share improve this question edited Jan 31 ' 15 at 1 : 51 L.B . 203 5 29 asked Oct 23 ' 13 at 13 : 18 Jade 36 1 1 2 add a comment 1 Answer active oldest votes Go to https : / / appleid . apple . com , click Manage my Apple ID and sign in with your current iCloud ID . Tap edit next to the primary email account , tap Edit , change it back to your old email address and save the change . Then edit the name of the account to change it back to your old email address . You can now use your current password to turn off Find My iPhone on your device , even though it prompts you for the password for your old account ID . Then go to Settings > iCloud , tap Delete Account and choose Delete from My iDevice when prompted ( your iCloud data will still be in iCloud ) . Next , go back to https : / / appleid . apple . com and change your primary email address and iCloud ID name back to the way it was . Now you can go to Settings > iCloud and sign in with your current iCloud ID and password . share improve this answer edited Nov 19 ' 14 at 9 : 04 MacMac 111 6 18 answered Oct 23 ' 13 at 13 : 33 robin0823 91 3 I would like to change it to my new email address . Jade Oct 23 ' 13 at 18 : 15 I do n ' t know my old password for my old email which is my current I cloud email . Oct 23 ' 13 at 18 : 16 How can I make my new apple ID show in my iCloud account if I do n ' t remember my old iCloud pass word ? Oct 23 ' 13 at 18 : 17 When I wish to down load off apple account my old email is prompted instead of my new email . . Which I know the pass word for . Oct 23 ' 13 at 18 : 18 Maybe you can contact to Apple support for some help . like reset your password . . robin0823 Oct 24 ' 13 at 14 : 54 show more comment You must log in to answer this question . protected by Community โฆ Dec 16 ' 13 at 5 : 37 Thank you for your interest in this question . Because it has attracted low - quality or spam answers that had to be removed , posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site ( the association bonus does not count ) . Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead ? Not the answer you ' re looking for ? Browse other questions tagged icloud apple - id documents - in - the - cloud | [
"Apple ID",
"email address",
"iCloud account"
] |
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/123985/disable-automatic-itunes-launch-when-iphone-is-plugged-in-via-usb | Disable automatic iTunes launch when iPhone is plugged in via USB [ duplicate ] Ask Question 66 6 This question already has an answer here : Simplest way to prevent iTunes from automatically launching when iPhone / iPad is connected 9 answers How do I disable automatic iTunes launch when iPhone is plugged in via USB ( for charging ) ? In fact , I would like to disable automatic launch of anything when an iPhone is plugged in ( including photo sync ) . iphone itunes macos share improve this question edited Nov 4 ' 15 at 14 : 53 Tetsujin 62.3k 15 103 199 asked Mar 11 ' 14 at 19 : 14 amphibient 2,737 6 16 26 marked as duplicate by drfrogsplat M K grg โฆ Rob nohillside โฆ Jun 13 ' 14 at 11 : 16 This question has been asked before and already has an answer . If those answers do not fully address your question , please ask a new question add a comment 1 Answer active oldest votes Not the answer you ' re looking for ? Browse other questions tagged iphone itunes macos | [
"disable",
"iTunes",
"plugged"
] |
http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/135355/how-do-i-delete-remove-a-home-screen-web-link | How do I delete / remove a home screen web link ? Ask Question 3 I recently created two web links using Safari ' s " Add to Home Screen " and now it seems to be impossible to remove them . The following has been attempted ( from http : / / www . peachpit . com / articles / article . aspx ? p = 1395687&seqNum = 9 ) : To remove a Web clip , tap - and - hold for a few seconds on it , until all the icons start to wiggle . You โ ll see a little X in the upper - left corner of each Web clip ( and app that can be removed ) . Simply tap the little X and then tap Delete from the dialog that appears . The Web clip will disappear , and your remaining icons will reshuffle . Tap the Home button to stop the icons from wiggling and lock them in place . That X does not show up on my icons . . I can drag them around , even to other pages , group them in folders and bring them out again , but not delete them . iphone ios icon mobile - safari share improve this question edited Jun 18 ' 14 at 8 : 29 grg โฆ 138k 25 218 322 asked Jun 18 ' 14 at 8 : 24 LGT 118 1 1 4 add a comment 1 Answer active oldest votes 4 Web clips added by a profile can be set to not be able to be deleted with the X , therefore hiding the X when in edit mode . To remove a web clip added in this way , you need to remove the profile from Settings โ General โ Profiles . You can also try disabling restrictions if they are on . Go to Settings โ General โ Restrictions and switch it off , then try removing the web clips . share improve this answer edited Jun 18 ' 14 at 9 : 11 answered Jun 18 ' 14 at 8 : 29 grg โฆ 138k 25 218 322 2 I have no profiles , but found restrictions . Settings โ General โ Restrictions ( Disable Restrictions ) , remove the icons , reenable restrictions is the way to go . Since your suggestion helped me , you can add this to your answer and I ' ll accept . : p Thanks ! LGT Jun 18 ' 14 at 8 : 37 add a comment protected by Jan 4 ' 15 at 11 : 27 Thank you for your interest in this question . Because it has attracted low - quality or spam answers that had to be removed , posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site ( the association bonus does not count ) . Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead ? Not the answer you ' re looking for ? Browse other questions tagged iphone ios icon mobile - safari or ask your own question | [
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"Home Screen"
] |
http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/11/06/apple-stores-around-the-world-to-close-hours-early-next-weekend | Apple Card : Transparent finances , no fees , high security New price drops : $ 300 to $ 400 off loaded iMac Pros Apple News+ : Over 300 publications for $ 9.99 a month Review : New AirPods make the best even better Apple Arcade : 100 + premium games at launch 2019 iPad mini : A12 Bionic , Apple Pencil , Retina display Apple TV+ : Original shows previewed , launch details unknown Never miss an update Follow AppleInsider A + Apple Stores around the world to close hours early next weekend By Mikey Campbell Wednesday , November 06 , 2013 , 06 : 50 pm PT ( 09 : 50 pm ET ) A large number of Apple Stores from Canada to the Far East will be operating under " special hours " on Nov . 17 and Nov . 18 , with most locations closing two to three hours early on Sunday for unspecified reasons . It was discovered on Wednesday that a growing number of Apple Stores in Canada , China , France , Germany , Hong Kong , Italy , Japan and Spain will be closing early next weekend . For the most part , East Asian stores look to be shutting down on Sunday , while European locations vary from Sunday to Monday . Earlier today , AppleInsider discovered a handful of Apple retail outlets were advertising early closing times , and more stores have been added to the list over the past few hours . For example , all Apple Stores in Japan are now showing special hours . Usually , Japan ' s Apple Store locations open between 10 a.m. and 9 p.m. daily , but will be closed from 6 p.m. next Sunday . In Germany , Apple Store hours are even more sporadic , with 10 of the country ' s 12 stores closing on Nov . 18 . The store in Dresden , for example , closes early on Monday , but will shut down for the entire day on Wednesday . The Oberhausen outlet , by contrast , is staying open late on Friday and Saturday , only to close early from Monday through Wednesday . The cause of the closures is unknown , though Apple does have at least two important launch events coming up with the Retina iPad mini in November and Mac Pro in December . It should be noted that the company usually reserves Fridays for big Apple Store events and rarely starts the week with a product launch . More likely , the company is holding regularly scheduled meetings , but the Oberhausen store ' s hours are particularly interesting . Gary Allen from ifo Apple Store confirms that he has n ' t heard anything specific regarding the dates , but guesses the early hours may be for pre - holiday pep talks . AppleInsider ' s Shane Cole contributed to this article . | [
"Apple Stores",
"Canada",
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http://appleinsider.com/articles/14/04/29/why-apple-inc-decided-to-split-its-stock-7-1- | Review : 2019 iPad Air nicely fits a mid - range niche Exclusive deals : Up to $ 150 off 2019 iMacs Canceled : Apple pulls plug on AirPower Review : New AirPods make the best even better Apple Card : Transparent finances , no fees , high security Powerbeats Pro : Wireless headset arrives in May for $ 250 2019 iMac 4K builds on already solid platform Never miss an update Follow AppleInsider A + Feature Why Apple , Inc decided to split its stock 7 - 1 By Daniel Eran Dilger Tuesday , April 29 , 2014 , 08 : 13 am PT ( 11 : 13 am ET ) After announcing its 7 - 1 stock split , Apple also outlined why it did so , answering in advance the oft - raised question with a simple answer : " We want Apple stock to be more accessible to a larger number of investors . " Apple did n ' t frame its statement to suggest a specific type of investor it was hoping to make its stock " more accessible to , " but there are a couple reasons why a split would attract different types of buyers . Institutional investors Institutional buyers , including mutual funds and other banking institutions , may have rules related to the maximum price of the shares they hold . By splitting its stock into a fraction that causes the share price to align with the rules of a greater swath of these buyers , Apple increases the number of potential buyers . Research by Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huberty from February indicated that the proportion of institutional ownership in Apple is at a five year low . As a trend , that suggests that Apple ' s rapidly rising stock price may have been a problem for institutional investors . The advantage of attracting institutional buyers ( beyond the value of having buyers at all ) is that they are seen as having an attractive influence . Many funds effectively market themselves and their stock picks as something others should emulate , out of their own self interest because advertising their holdings can attract new buyers who will help drive up the prices of the securities it holds . Individual investors For individual investors , the psychology of a lower per - share price and greater number of shares might simply feel like a better deal , although , of course , the split has no direct impact on value . The idea that Apple might be interested in individual investors is reflected in the wording of the very simple example it presented to explain that the stock split does n ' t change the actual value of an investor ' s overall holdings . " Let ' s assume that as of the Record Date ( June 2 , 2014 ) an investor owns 100 shares of Apple common stock and that the market price of Apple stock is $ 490 per share , so that the investment in Apple is worth $ 49,000 , " Apple stated on the subject . " Let ' s also assume that Apple ' s stock price does n ' t move up or down between the Record Date and the time the split actually takes place . " Immediately after the split , the investor would own 700 shares of Apple stock , but the market price would be $ 70 per share instead of $ 490 per share . The investor ' s total investment value in Apple would remain the same at $ 49,000 until the stock price moves up or down . " A split does offer more future flexibility in selling a fraction of one ' s holdings , the same way having quarters rather than a dollar coin allows a person to only pay for a short period when parking at a meter . As Apple ' s shares head upward , having to sell $ 600 to $ 1000 of stock at once might be less flexible than a small investor would like . A fresh start In the past , Apple has split its shares 2 - 1 , first in 1987 , then again in 2000 and 2005 . The more typical 2 - 1 split cuts the price neatly in half , which is really easy math . Splitting by 7 is a less familiar transformation , which may have been intentionally selected to reset the market ' s expectations of where Apple " should " be trading . After a two year period of irrational stock moves , Apple may likely want to erase the mental barriers investors may have about where Apple trades , as well as breaking any psychological links between Apple ' s share price and that of other companies one might compare it against . Dividing the stock price by 7 results in an entirely new set of numbers that are n ' t easy to mentally translate in comparisons with past expectations . This is similar to how a tourist - - in a country where the local currency is an unfamiliar fraction of the value of the currency his expectations are set in - - now looks at prices in a new way . The seven way split certainly explains why Apple chose an odd number for its new dividend : $ 3.29 is Apple ' s first dividend to be evenly divisible by seven , resulting in 47 cents . The psychological barrier of $ 700 , the price Apple hit in late 2012 before a series of drops that reached below $ 400 , resonates in the minds of many current and former Apple shareholders . Splitting by 7 turns that memorable number into $ 100 , which does n ' t seem particularly difficult to attain at all , simply because it sheds the trappings of historical context . Erasing Google comparisons In particular , Apple reached $ 700 around the same time Google did . However , as Apple ' s stock has tumbled into oblivion in 2013 , Google ' s has blown into the stratosphere , reaching above $ 1100 before Google itself performed a split of sorts . Google ' s split does not appear to have been an attempt to court new investors , because it was n ' t just a 2 - 1 split . It was a " dividend " adjustment , where Google took its $ 1100 stock back and gave its existing shareholders two shares valued at half the price each . What makes Google ' s move unlike a standard split is that one of the shares has no voting rights . Google ' s split was designed to silence shareholder input by taking away their rights in exchange for nothing . The move also created two different , independently valued classes of Google stock trading under different ticker symbols : GOOG and GOOGL . With a 7 - 1 split , Apple ' s share price at Monday ' s close would be $ 84.87 , a figure that is harder to compare against Google ' s price than the current " half of double of Apple at its peak . " Apple ' s stock has n ' t been around $ 80 since the opening of the iOS App Store in 2008 , back in the days when investors were driving Apple ' s stock up and down between $ 180 and $ 80 as everyone shared their doubts about the new iPhone and its iTunes App Store . Psychologically , that resets the 2014 Apple stock clock to point where investors can imagine another four year long appreciation in value , without being distracted by the last two years ' reminder of a bandwagon of investment in Google as investors scurried away from Apple ' s profitability to instead fund Google ' s breathtakingly expensive $ 12.5 billion acquisition in Motorola Mobility , cover all of its subsequent billions in operational losses , and take on accountability for Samsung ' s patent infringement via a secret indemnification agreement that even Samsung did n ' t want anyone to know about . | [
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http://appleinsider.com/articles/16/11/15/everything-you-need-to-know-about-apples-touch-bar-and-touch-id-for-macbook-pro | A + Feature Everything you need to know about Apple ' s Touch Bar and Touch ID for MacBook Pro By Daniel Eran Dilger Tuesday , November 15 , 2016 , 06 : 10 am PT ( 09 : 10 am ET ) Apple introduced new Touch Bar and Touch ID features on its 13 - and 15 - inch MacBook Pro . Here ' s a look at how they work , what they ' re useful for , and the potential for seeing these technologies trickle out across the rest of Apple ' s Mac platform . While Apple called lots of attention to the light , slim design of the new MacBook Pros at their introduction , it focused even more attention on an all new feature that ' s completely new to the Mac platform : the new Touch Bar and its Touch ID fingerprint sensor that takes the place of a power button . Both are controlled by a custom Apple T1 chip that pairs the efficient processor used in the Series 2 Apple Watch and Apple ' s Secure Enclave architecture that authenticates biometric data on modern iOS device ' s Home buttons . Touch ID on the Mac therefore takes biometric security a lot more seriously than previous generations of Windows laptops that incorporated a fingerprint scanner . As with iOS devices , the Secure Enclave makes it impossible for third party apps or even system - compromising malware to gain any access to your fingerprint data . Touch ID , now on the Mac Touch ID is a fingerprint authentication system Apple developed for iPhone 5s in 2013 , after acquiring AuthenTec . On iOS devices , it was initially integrated into the Home button . On iPhone 7 , the Home button has turned into a " virtual - button " sensor paired with a Taptic Engine actuator that provides haptic feeback that makes it feel like a clickable button ( similar to the Mac ' s Force Touch trackpads ) . As implemented on the new MacBook Pros , the new Touch ID sensor acts as an actual button , although you probably wo n ' t need to use it as a button very often . The new machines automatically boot up or wake when opened , skipping any need for startup chime or a power button . However , the button is still there in case you ever need to power it down in the case of a system crash . If you have your machine set up to lock the screen after a moment of inactivity , or have just opened up your machine , you can now unlock the screen instantly with a touch ( no need to push the button ) . It ' s really , really fast and effortless . Well that was fast # TouchID # TouchBar # MacBookPro A video posted by AppleInsider ( @ appleinsider_official ) on Nov 14 , 2016 at 1 : 00pm PST You can now associate the Touch ID sensor with five different fingerprints ( your own , or of other people ) , which can be used to wake and unlock your own account or to switch between accounts using Fast User Switching . When you initially set up your account , you ' re promoted to set up Touch ID . This is even easier on the Mac than on iOS devices , as you ' re simply asked to tap the sensor a few times rather than being promoted to move your finger around . To add a fingerprint to unlock your system account ( as well as for use in Apple Pay , iTunes and App Store purchases ) , you need to present your account password . You ' re then prompted to set up a second fingerprint by tapping the sensor . To set up fingerprints associated with another account , you ' d simply log into that account . This multiple - account , multiple fingerprint behavior on the Mac is likely to eventually make it to iOS devices , as they become more powerful and as multiple accounts evolve into a complete feature . So far , Apple has focused on multiple accounts only for education use . Unlike previous MacBook power buttons , pushing it does n ' t offer to sleep , shutdown or log out of the machine . If you do manually log out of your account , you ' ll need to supply a password to log back in ; Touch ID only works if your account is active . You also need to log in manually after a power cycle , just as with iOS devices . Other security precautions related to Touch ID prevent you from switching to other tasks while enrolling a new fingerprint ( below ) . Other uses of Touch ID In addition to unlocking the system , Fast User Switching and authenticating purchases with Apple Pay or in iTunes or the App Store , Touch ID can also be used to instantly unlock Notes you ' ve locked with a password , or other content in third party apps making use of Apple ' s security Touch ID APIs . One of the first developers taking advantage of Touch ID is 1Password , which uses Touch ID to unlock its password keychain . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Apple indicates that locked System Preferences can also be unlocked with a finger print , but that does n ' t seem to be working yet . Other places in macOS where you might need to authenticate ( including Keychain Access , after you lock your Keychain ) also request a password , but with no option to unlock using Touch ID , at least in current builds . Touch Bar To the left of Touch ID , the rest of the F - key strip is taken over by Touch Bar , a 2170 pixel by 60 pixel touchscreen display designed to function as an input device . Like the main display , it reproduces the Wide Color DCI - P3 gamut with Retina resolution , and it ' s optimized for typical viewing at a 45 degree angle . Apple has devoted a lot of thought into how the Touch Bar should work , as detailed in its macOS Human Interface Guidelines The Touch Bar is intended to appear and function as a dynamic strip of virtual keyboard keys , unconfined by the physical structure of mechanical keys . When you hold down the FN key , the Touch Bar reverts to a standard strip of 12 function keys and the ESC key ( below ) . If you boot into Windows , the Touch Bar reverts to displaying virtual FN keys . Function keys are the least interesting thing the Touch Bar can do Otherwise , the strip displays three pools of functionality : on the right end is a Control Strip of keys offering a mix of conventional alternative MacBook function keys ( system volume , media playback , screen and keyboard illumination brightness , Exposรฉ buttons and a button to invoke Siri ) . This strip collapses down to about a quarter of the Touch Bar in normal use , but a tap on the expansion arrow makes the Control Strip take over the entire Touch Bar ( below ) . You revert back by tapping the close " X " button Control Strip , expanded to take over the entire Touch Bar The main portion of the Touch Bar is used by the current application to offer relevant options based on what you ' re doing or what you ' ve selected . This app region commonly exposes the same kinds of buttons that you ' d see in your window Toolbar ( like the Mail app , below ) , but developers can add new controls including sliders , pickers and suggestions that would n ' t really make sense in a window Toolbar . Mail puts common Tool Bar icons in the Touch Bar , but also a handy folder Move to control It also serves as a way to expose functionality that would otherwise be buried in menus , requiring more mousing around to select . The layout of these app region buttons can commonly be edited from an app ' s View menu , using an interface similar to how you ' d customize your Toolbar buttons ( below : editing the Finder ' s Touch Bar ) . You simply drag the icons you want toward the Touch Bar on the main screen , and when finished tap the Done button . Editing the Touch Bar within the Finder app Another feature of the Touch Bar โ which generally takes over the app region when you ' re typing โ is similar to the QuickType keyboard of iOS . It offers completion suggestions on words you type ( below , " antidisestablishmentarianism " ) , and is tied into the standard spell checking of macOS , enabling you to select a spelling suggestion by visually tapping on the word you intended , rather than tapping the space bar to accept the primary suggestion ( which in this case would have been " antics " ) . This region can also suggest emojis as you type words ( or , below , provide a browsable list of your frequently used emojis or present all the various buckets of emojis : smileys , animals , food , activity , places , objects , symbols , flags ) . The Touch Bar pickers are all much easier to use than the clumsy , existing emoji selection mechanism of macOS that relies on keyboard shortcuts and mousing around . Additionally , whenever you have a selection of options in a dialog box , those buttons generally show up in the Touch Bar for easy selection ( below ) . Also โ borrowing a page from iOS โ macOS now suggests autofill information in web forms ( such as suggesting your phone number , email or other contact information ) , and these suggestions similarly appear in the Touch Bar as buttons you can use when filling in forms . Using the Touch Bar feels novel and futuristic ( think Star Trek and those glass command panels of graphics moving around ) . The options displayed can range from very handy to a bit overwhelming , particularly when you switch to a less familiar app and have to absorb the options it chooses to expose . There ' s no System Preference for turning off the Touch Bar , but it does n ' t ever seem to really get distracting , even if you ' re inside an app where it makes less sense to use it . If the constantly changing nature of contextual buttons in the app region gets And despite a report to the contrary , modifier key combinations ( such as holding down Option + Shift when adjusting the volume buttons to change the setting in smaller increments ) also work with the expanded Control Strip buttons in the new Touch Bar . However , without expanding the Control Strip , volume controls hide behind a single button , which when touched presents a slider control for adjusting the volume , with standard increment buttons on either end . When background music is playing in iTunes ( or another app is playing video or audio ) , the Touch Bar presents a button that when tapped shows a progress indicator and pause , fast forward and review buttons . There ' s also a red button badged with the currently playing app , which can be used to bring that app forward ( below ) . Notably , there ' s no indicator presented in the Touch Bar itself showing the name of the song or other content being played . However , this does offer a quick , This screen shot blurs the background music playback indicator , but it ' s the white line between the red iTunes icon and the track selection / pause buttons The value of the Touch Bar changes based on the app you ' re using . When typing Notes , it basically serves as just a QuickType suggestion field , along with buttons for basic formatting and Note management . One key new features in Notes , however , is lockable Notes . Password protect a Note , and the Touch Bar directs you to authenticate with your fingerprint . Some of Apple ' s bundled apps present Touch Bar buttons that let you access nearly all of their basic features from the strip . For example , Maps lets you search for a variety of common items like nearby restaurants , cafes or gas stations and then get directions or look up the location ' s website , call it , favorite it , get more information or share it with just two taps of the Touch Bar . Even utility apps like Activity Monitor expose one - tap control to the various tabs of the display , no Maps ' Touch Bar lets you search for key categories and get directions entirely from the Touch Bar Apple ' s creative apps , like Photos and Final Cut Pro , offer more specialized technical controls that expose features you ' d otherwise have to mouse around to select . Photos , for example , lets you pan through your photos , tap to favorite , tap to edit , and then tap to apply a filter or adjust Light or Color , with a live preview of what it will look like . Photos is a great example of an app using the Touch Bar to present common macOS app features in a more iOS - like fashion , with direct manipulation in a simplified context where it ' s even more obvious what you ' re doing . ( below , Photos in full screen mode editing an image . The same adjustment controls are presented in the Touch Bar . It ' s not conveyed in the screen shot , but the direct manipulation it offers is far more satisfying that trying to operate slider controls with the trackpad or a Third party apps will need to make some effort to present useful features in the Touch Bar , but a variety are already working on functionality due immediately or later this year . Apple demonstrated initial developer support for Adobe Photoshop and djay Pro , an a variety of other developers have also announced they ' ll be adding specialized support for Touch Bar , including Microsoft ' s Office and Skype apps ; photo editors Affinity Photo , Sketch and Pixelmator ; video editor Da Vinci Resolve ; Omni ' s productivity suite including OmniGraffle , OmniPlan , OmniFocus Overall , Touch Bar seems to be a lot smarter and thoughtful implementation of touch controls for a laptop compared to simply adding a touch screen to make the entire display actionable . I have several times reached out to tap something on a notebook screen after having worked on an iPad . It would seem to be a natural and obvious evolution in notebook computing to make the screen touchable , and clearly Microsoft has bought into the " obviousness " of that in its decade of trying to promote Tablet PCs followed by another several years of promoting Touch Bar seems to be a lot smarter and thoughtful implementation of touch controls for a laptop compared to simply adding a touch screen to make the entire display actionable However , most users do n ' t see a touch screen PC as being very compelling or valuable , particularly after the novelty wears off . It ' s fatiguing and pulls your hands off the keyboard . Touch works best when its the primary interface ( such as on a phone or tablet ) rather than simply being layered on top of the conventional mouse - based desktop . The Touch Bar seems to do a better job of bringing iOS - style touch to conventional notebooks than making the entire screen a touch surface . Apple ' s Touch Bar puts multitouch controls just above the keyboard , where they remain visible even as you touch type . The more I use it , the more it seems that the dynamic โ yet restrained โ design of the Touch Bar offers something of real value : it ' s not just the ability to reach out and touch the existing display as a shortcut to selection with a pointing device . Instead , it presents a hot list of actions distilled down from the busy desktop interface . Other examples include Contacts where the Touch Bar offers big easy buttons for reaching the selected contact , with icons for calling , FaceTime or emailing . Tap the Edit button , and you get large buttons for adding a new phone number , email , birthday or address , after which you can immediately begin typing in the information . That ' s a quick alternative to mousing to a specific field and then returning to the keyboard or reaching out to touch small targets on a touchscreen monitor . Touch Bar gets thoughtful attention even from simple apps like Contacts Some of Apple ' s own apps have pretty basic support for the Touch Bar . In System Preferences , it would be more useful if you could edit a list of shortcuts to the Pref Panes you frequently access . Certainly , in some apps the options presented in the Touch Bar are little more than a novelty and at the very worst a distraction . However , there are useful shortcuts throughout even the bundled macOS apps , and the Pro apps Apple has demonstrated so far appear to make smart application of the Touch Bar - - in conjunction with the trackpad - - in ways that promise to save veteran users a lot of time when doing precise or repetitive tasks . Apple ' s guidelines seek to keep the Touch Bar uncluttered and easy to use , with generally minimal use of colorful graphics and animations outside of sliding controls in - and - out of focus and representation of screen content or editing results . Touching control buttons and using sliders and other features of the Touch Bar feels fast and fluid . It ' s also noteworthy that Apple ' s own implementation of the Touch Bar is far more sophisticated and useful than what was imagined in rumors this summer , where the display strip was portrayed as simply being a copy of the menu bar icons , and portrayed duplicative visualizations of on - screen progress bars and Siri animations , offering very little value to users . Touch Bar and Touch ID on other Macs Given that Apple has liberally applied Touch ID across its iOS lineup from iPad mini 4 to the affordable iPhone SE , it seems likely that other Macs will also eventually get Touch ID beyond the MacBook Pros . However , even the new entry level 13 inch MacBook Pro ( and current Retina MacBook ) do n ' t yet have it , and adding it to other Macs would require some thinking about how how to best implement it ( on the external Apple keyboard ? On the side of the iMac ? ) . The way Apple has integrated Touch ID into the Touch Bar suggests that the pair of features might remain a package deal , despite the more significant expense and size of the Touch Bar . It ' s not obvious how much expense the Touch Bar and Touch ID package would add to a Mac , or to , for example , an external keyboard . Apple ' s cheapest 13 inch MacBook Pro models with and without Touch Bar are priced $ 300 apart , but the Touch Bar is n ' t the only difference between the two models . The Touch Bar model also has a faster Intel CPU , faster RAM , a better graphics processor , and four Thunderbolt 3 ports rather than just two . After introducing Touch Bar and Touch ID to help sell its premium MacBook Pro models , Apple might find it strategic to broaden the installed base of Mac users with access to both features . That would both help to ensure demand for Touch Bar enabled apps from third party developers , and help increase the number of users ready to make purchases via Apple Pay . Apple similarly debuted Touch ID on iOS originally in order to sell its premium iPhone 5s . However , it subsequently rolled the feature out across its iPads and eventually it became ubiquitous as a way to conveniently secure mobile devices using a passcode . That set the stage for rolling out Apple Pay , a feature Apple only recently brought to the Mac to make purchases via the web , authenticating via your iPhone . | [
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http://applesnail.net/ | A translation of the basic Apple snail info page into Farsi Persian by Neda Ariania is available Did you know Apple snails have a lung aerial respiration and gills aquatic respiration Support Applesnailnet Donations are greatly appreciated and will help to cover of the costs of running this website Bookmark this site Press CtrlD 21 years Applesnailnet exists 21 years Look here for info Pomacea diffusa old name Pomacea bridgesii Apple snails are tropical and subtropical freshwater snails from the family Ampullariidae sometimes referred to as Pilidae The Ampullariidae are divided in several genera The genera Asolene Felipponea Marisa and Pomacea are the New World genera South America Central America the West Indies and the Southern USA while the genera Afropomus Lanistes and Saulea are found in Africa The genus Pila is native in both Africa and Asia For about the apple snail species take a look at the species section of this site How to recognise an apple snail basic guide to discriminate between apple snails and other freshwater snails Well adapted Apple snails are exceptionally well adapted to tropical regions with periods of drought alternated with periods of excessive rainfall This adaptation is reflected in their life style moderately amphibious and being equipped with a shell door enabling the snail to close its shell to prevent drying out while hiding in the mud during dry periods A typical adaptation of apple snails is the combination of a branchial respiration system comparable with the gills of a fish at the right side of the snail body and a lung at the left side of the body This lunggill combination expands the action radius of the snail in search for food Many apple snail species deposit the eggs above the waterline in a calcareous clutch This remarkably strategy of these aquatic snails protect their eggs against predation by fish and other water inhabitants Another predator specific adaptation in the apple snail genera Pomacea and Pila is the tubular siphon at their left side used to breathe air while they stay submerged thus making them less vulnerable to snail eating birds Apple snails inhabit various ecosystems ponds swamps and rivers Although they occasionally leave the water they remain mainly submerged In spite the fact that many snail species are hermaphrodite being male and female at the same time apple snails are definitely not they have separated sexes gonochoristic and a male and a female are needed for reproduction For about the anatomy of apple snails take a look at the anatomy section of this site A common aquarium pet The apple snails are popular aquariumpets because of their attractive appearance and size When taken good care of some apple snail species can reach a large size 15 cm 6 inch diameter in case of Pomacea maculata sometimes faulty referred to as Ampullarius gigas Apple snails are in fact the biggest living freshwater snails on earth The most common apple snail in aquarium shops is Pomacea diffusa spiketopped apple snail This species comes in different colours from brown to albino or yellow and even blue with or without banding The body of these snails also shows great variation from black to yellow and grey Another common apple snail is Pomacea canaliculata this snail is bigger rounder and is more likely to eat your plants which makes it less suitable for most aquaria These snails also come in different shell and body colours The Giant ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis although not always recognized as an apple snail due to its discoidal shape also ranks the popular aquatic pets Occasionally the Florida apple snail Pomacea paludosa is found in the aquarium trade and are often wild collected from ditches and ponds in Florida The giant Pomacea maculata raremy makes its way into aquaria With tropical fish expeditions sometimes other apple snail species are collected and offered for sale Apple snails are often sold under the name Golden mystery snail and are given incorrect names like Ampullarius for the genus instead of Pomacea and species names like gigas instead of maculata More info about this can be read in the species section of this website For about how to keep and breed apple snails take a look at the care section of this site A blessing or a pest In the 1980s the genus Pomacea like Pomacea canaliculata was introduced in Taiwan to start an escargot industry Such food culture can provided protein for the local population especially useful for the farmers who primary live on a rice diet low in proteins However the snails didnt become a culinary success It also became quickly clear that the imported species were able to transfer the Angiostrongylus cantonensis rat lungworm parasite just like the native apple snail population Pila This parasite spends a part of its life cycle in apple snails and can infect humans when the snail isnt cooked long enough before consumption Instead of becoming a food source they escaped and became a serious pest posing a real threat to the rice production and the environment During the 1980s the introduced snails rapidly spread to Indonesia Thailand Cambodia Hong Kong southern China Japan and the Philippines and there are indications that they are currently invading Australia Nevertheless apple snails are considered a delicacy in several regions and they are often sold in Oriental markets for consumption In 1989 Pomacea canaliculata was introduced in Hawaii to serve as a food source and aquarium pet Some snails escaped to the wild and turned into a serious pest in the taro and rice fields Although a few restaurants serve them the apple snail didnt become a great gastronomic success here either Recent research reveals the catastrophic nature of the Pomacea invasion in new habitats the snail herbivory drastically alters the state and function of invaded natural wetlands When the plants are consumed nutrients in the system are shunted to phytoplankton instead of the plants which creates dense algal blooms Carlsson et al in press 2004 Pomacea and Marisa species have been introduced in Africa and Asia to control snails Planorbidae Bulinus sp and Biophalaria sp which serves as intermediate host for trematoda parasites These parasites can cause swimmers itch and schistosomiasis a disease that affects over 200 million people in tropical regions Despite the fact these tremadote parasites do not complete their life cycle in apple snails apple snails themselves can carry these parasites and nematodes of the genus Angiostrongylus Angiostrongylus cantonensis can afflict humans and cause eosinophilic meningoenchephalitis One of the species was introduced as bioagent is Marisa cornuarietis This apple snail competes with other snails and predates on them Hopefully Marisa is less likely to become a pest for the food production Update In late July 2009 an incipient invasion by Pomacea canaliculata was detected in the Ebro Delta on the Mediterranean shore of Catalonia Spain By early September the spread of this applesnail was tremendous with huge economic losses to rice cultivation Research on this populations biology and possible control methods is ongoing TV news on the topic httpwwwtv3catvideos1478229ElcaragolpomaenvaeixlEbre Conclusion The recent spread of apple snails over the world and their ability to become a pest illustrates the dangers that come along the introduction of nonnative species It should be clear that this is the main reason why many countries have very strict rules when it comes to importing foreign animals like apple snails and other animals It should be clear never release your apple snails in local ponds or rivers Contact the author | [
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http://appleton.mesa.k12.co.us/ | 2016 Outstanding Growth School in D51 2014 Colorado Governors Distinguished Improvement Award Winner 2013 Colorado Governors Distinguished Improvement Award Winner The Governors Distinguished Improvement awards are given to schools that demonstrate exceptional student growth It recognizes the top 8 of schools that grow students over a three year period in reading writing and math ONLINE REGISTRATION Online Registration starts Monday July 30th 630am Click the link to login to your ParentVUE and start registration Extended Hours Information Advance Excuse Form 2018 2019 Supply List School Hours MondayTuesday Thursday Friday Grades 15 Morning Kindergarten Afternoon Kindergarten Start 850 am 850 am 1250 pm End 350 pm 1150 pm 350 pm Early Release Start 850 am 850 am 1150 am End 150 pm 1050 am 150 pm Staff Information Principal Corey Hafey Secretary Lisa McClelland Secretary Frani Kerr | [
"Outstanding Growth"
] |
http://appliedradiology.com/articles/cyclosporin-induced-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome | Cyclosporin - induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome By C . Frank Gould , MD ; James D . Lowe , MD ; Justin Q . Ly , MD ; Scot E . Campbell , MD ; Brian J . Fortman , MD ; Douglas P . Beall , MD Findings Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) showed areas of increased T2 signal within the medial portion of the occipital lobes bilaterally ( Figures 1 through 3 ) . These regions of increased signal appear to be cytotoxic ( involving both the gray matter and white matter ) but there is no evidence of restricted diffusion ( increased signal ) on the diffusion - weighted images ( Figure 2 ) . The increased signal is seen on the fluid - attenuated inversion recovery ( FLAIR ) ( Figure 1A ) , apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ) map ( Figure 1B Discussion Posterior reversible encephalopathy is a heterogenous collection of disorders associated with a breakdown in cerebral perfusion autoregulatory mechanisms . 1 - 3 It can be seen in eclampsia , 4 , 5 hypertensive encephalopathy , 2 , 6 hemolytic uremic syndrome , 7 , 3 cryoglobulinemia , 4 and systemic lupus erythematosus . 7 In the posttransplant population , it is a well - known complication of antirejection therapy with cyclosporin A 8 - 10 and tacrolimus . 7 It has also been reported in association with chemotherapeutic agents , such as cisplatin 11 and interferon alpha . The distribution of T2 abnormalities in cyclosporin - induced PRES is thought to be related to the sparse sympathetic innervation in the posterior circulation . Pathologic studies have shown that the relative density of sympathetic innervation is greatest in the internal carotid and anterior cerebral territories and least in the basilar artery and its branches . 1 , 2 For this reason , breakdown of autoregulatory mechanisms would occur first in the more poorly innervated vessels of the posterior circulation . The clinical presentation is nonspecific and includes headache , nausea , vomiting , visual changes , decreased alertness , and seizures . When recognized promptly , the symptoms and radiologic abnormalities can be reversed by rapid control of blood pressure or withdrawal of the offending drug . 7 , 2 , 6 When undiagnosed , the patient can progress to ischemia , massive infarction , and death . 1 , 6 The changes in T2 - weighted MR images result from fluid extravasation into the interstitium , which is called vasogenic edema . 2 In the hypertensive encephalopathy model , increases in blood pressure lead to vasoconstriction in order to maintain constant perfusion to the brain . Once a certain threshold is reached , the autoregulatory mechanisms fail , the cerebral vasculature dilates passively from the mechanical effects of increased pressure within the vessel , and fluid leaks across the blood - brain barrier . 1 , 2 In contradistinction , cytotoxic edema in the setting of acute stroke results from decreased activity of the Na - K pump across the glial cell membrane . 1 , 5 When this happens , water becomes trapped inside the cell , leading to cell death . Diffusion - weighted imaging ( DWI ) reliably distinguishes between vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema . 1 , 2 , 5 Restricted diffusion in cytotoxic edema yields marked hyperintensity on DWI , with hypointensity on ADC maps . Vasogenic edema , on the other hand , results in increased motion of water molecules in the interstitium , so it yields hyperintense ADC values and hypo - to isointense signal on DWI . The " classic " PRES case , therefore , presents with areas of abnormal T2 signal that are normal on DWI but have increased ADC values that reflect vasogenic edema . Increased DWI signal is usually associated with low ADC values . This combination most often represents cytotoxic edema that is associated with stroke . In some cases of PRES , the initially high ADC values may be lower on follow - up scans . These cases have been shown to have a worse clinical outcome ( ie , cerebral infarction and death ) when this signal pattern is accompanied by increased signal on the DWI images . 12 Cases of PRES have also been shown to have regions of normal T2 signal , high DWI signal , and normal ADC signal ( a pattern suggestive of stroke ) and also have co - existing regions of high T2 and ADC signal ( findings consistent with vasogenic edema ) . 12 This phenomenon is likely related to ischemic changes that are superimposed upon the severe edema . Resolution of the areas of increased DWI signal may occur on follow - up MRI examinations . This likely represents the resolution of ischemic regions in the posterior circulation location rather than the normalization of small areas of infarction . CONCLUSION The resolution of the increased DWI signal combined with the prototypical vasogenic edema appearance of PRES supports the theory that the MRI signal changes seen in PRES may often indicate a combination of edema and early infarction . The fact that some patients with PRES eventually progress to frank cerebral infarction and even death further emphasizes the need for prompt recognition and subsequent treatment of the underlying cause of this disorder . Ay H , Buonanno FS , Schaefer PW , et al . Posterior leukoencephalopathy without severe hypertension : Utility of diffusion - weighted MRI . Neurology . 1998 ; 51 : 1369 - 1376 . Schwartz RB , Mulkern RV , Gudbjartsson H , Jolesz F . Diffusion - weighted MR imaging in hypertensive encephalopathy : Clues to pathogenesis . Am J Neuroradiol . 1998 ; 19 : 859 - 862 . Port J , Beauchamp NJ Jr . Reversible intracerebral pathologic entities mediated by vascular autoregulatory dysfunction . RadioGraphics . 1998 ; 18 : 353 - 367 . Schwartz RB , Feske SK , Polak JF , et al . Preeclampsia - eclampsia : Clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy . Radiology . 2000 ; 217 : 371 - 376 . Schaefer PW , Buonanno FS , Gonzalez RG , Schwamm LH . Diffusion - weighted imaging discriminates between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in a patient with eclampsia . Stroke . 1997 ; 28 : 1082 - 1085 . Schwartz RB , Jones KM , Kalina P , et al . Hypertensive encephalopathy : Findings on CT , MR imaging and SPECT imaging in 14 cases . AJR Am J Roentgenol . 1992 ; 159 : 379 - 383 . Hinchey J , Chaves C , Appignani B , et al . A reversible posterior leuko - encephalopathy syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1996 ; 334 : 494 - 500 . Dillon WP , Rowley H . The reversible posterior cerebral edema syndrome . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 1998 ; 19 : 591 . Casey SO , Sampaio RC , Michel E , et al . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome : Utility of fluid - attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 2000 ; 21 : 1199 - 1206 . Casey SO , Truwit CL . Pontine reversible edema : A newly recognized imaging variant of hypertensive encephalopathy ? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 2000 ; 21 : 243 - 245 . Ito Y , Arahata Y , Goto Y , et al . Cisplatin neurotoxicity presenting as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 1998 ; 19 : 415 - 417 . Covarrubias DJ , Luetmer PH , Campeau NG . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome : Prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion - weighted MR images . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol . 2002 ; 23 : 1038 - 1048 . Back To Top Cyclosporin - induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome . Appl Radiol . September 05 , 2006 | [
"Cyclosporin-induced posterior",
"encephalopathy syndrome"
] |
http://appliedspectra.com/technology/laser-ablation.html | What is Laser Ablation ? Home Technology What is Laser Ablation ? Laser ablation ( LA ) is a process in which a laser beam is focused on a sample surface to remove material from the irradiated zone . Laser ablation has been considered and used for many technical applications , including : the production of nano materials , deposition of thin metallic and dielectric films , fabrication of superconducting materials , routine welding and bonding of metal parts , and micromachining of MEMS structures . Recently laser ablation has gained popularity as a manufacturing process for solar cell ( c - Si ) edge isolation . Laser ablation is a dynamic technology platform for performing chemical analysis . LA generates a bright plasma on the sample โ s surface . The light emitted from this plasma can be analyzed to determine the presence and concentration levels of elements in the period table โ a technology known as LIBS . LA also creates a flux of fine particulates that can be readily transported to a secondary source for ICP - MS analysis ( LA - ICP - MS ) . Laser ablation - based analytical techniques such as LIBS and LA - ICP - MS offer the ability to perform rapid chemical analysis directly from solid samples without the tedious and complex sample preparation involving toxic acid solutions . Thus , environmental - friendly or โ green โ chemical analysis has become a reality through LIBS and laser ablation . Craters produced on Tuff rock samples by laser ablation : both LIBS and LA - ICP - MS are capable of performing micro - analysis on geological samples . Laser ablation involves complex , non - linear physical / chemical mechanisms that span several orders of magnitude in time . Some of these mechanisms include : Opto - electonic absorption of laser energy ( 10 - 15 sec ) by the sample surface Energy transfer from initially excited electrons to acoustic phonons ( 10 - 12 sec ) Thermal heating of the sample surface and subsequent mass vaporization ( 10 - 10 to 10 - 9 sec ) High temperature plasma initiation above the sample surface Expansion of the dense plasma and propagation of shockwaves ( external & interal ) into the ambient environment Plasma cooling and condensation of nano - sized particles and their clusters formation Phase explosion and large particulates ejection ( > 10 - 6 Solid flakes exfoliation Laser parameters ( energy , wavelength , pulse duration ) , sample physical / chemical properties as well as ambient gas will influence the various mechanisms outlined above ; they often govern optical / physical properties of the generated plasma , the primary and secondary mechanisms responsible for mass removal , and the particle size distribution of the ablated mass . Consequently , a proper selection of appropriate laser parameters based on the sound understanding of laser ablation fundamentals is a critical prerequisite for achieving accurate and precise analytical measurements using LIBS and LA - ICP - MS . The scientific staff at Applied Spectra has over eighty year โ s combined research experience with laser ablation fundamentals and analytical techniques . We welcome technical consulting opportunities . Contact us us to learn how we can simplify your chemical analysis and solve research and manufacturing challenges using laser ablation . | [
"Laser ablation",
"laser beam",
"MEMS"
] |
http://applymate.com/blog/how-to-get-my-job-nfl-scout/ | Error . Page can not be displayed . Please contact your service provider for more details . ( 8 ) | [
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http://appraisalinsight.blogs.realtor.org/2011/04/21/fha-to-require-uad-compliance/ | FHA to Require UAD Compliance Posted in Fannie Mae FHA Freddie Mac Uniform Appraisal Dataset Uniform Mortgage Data Program , by Jerome Nagy on April 21 , 2011 Appraisers are getting up to speed on the Uniform Mortgage Data Program ( UMDP ) , Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac โ s joint effort to standardize loan delivery and appraisal data . Specifically , Uniform Appraisal Dataset ( UAD ) , which will standardized appraisal data , including data formats , abbreviations , ratings and definitions , and other instructions in the appraisal report forms . The Federal Housing Administration ( FHA ) is preparing appraisers for how UAD will impact FHA roster appraisers . According to FHA โ s Spring 2011 FHA Appraiser newsletter , appraisers will be required to submit UAD - compliant appraisal reports when using the URAR and the individual condominium unit report form . FHA does not allow the use of the exterior inspection forms . FHA will announce further guidance later this year probably through a Mortgagee Letter on the use of UAD for FHA - insured mortgages . In the meantime , appraisers can find more information on UMDP and UAD here Jerome Nagy More Posts | [
"FHA",
"UAD",
"UMDP"
] |
http://appraisersforum.com/forums/threads/adjusting-for-lot-size.193627/ | Forums > Other Forums > Ask an Appraiser Welcome to AppraisersForum . com , the premiere online community for the discussion of real estate appraisal . Register a free account to be able to post and unlock additional forums and features Adjusting for Lot Size Discussion in ' Ask an Appraiser ' started by terry2box Mar 25 , 2013 Thread Status : Not open for further replies . Mar 25 , 2013 # 1 terry2box Freshman Member 0 General Public Wisconsin I have had an appraisal completed for a pending divorce situation . I ( my attorney ) hired the appraiser and upon completion I reviewed it . Having many years of real estate brokerage and mortgage brokerage ownership ( and enough appraisal knowledge to be dangerous ) I am asking those here who do this full time and are current in their practices to help me decipher these issues : 1 . Subject 2.32 acres ( double lot compared to rest of subdivision ) Comparables 1.04 acre , .90 acre , .76 acre , .64 acre , .58 acre and .45 acre . The appraiser made NO adjustment for lot size . Also , although the survey is not filed with the courthouse there was 1.13 acres surveyed off to sell someday as a new lot for building . He discounts this fact or valuation also . 2 . Ex wife who lives in the home ( I do n ' t have access to view it with appraiser or anyone else ) delivered to appraiser a roofing estimate ( probably the highest one she could get ) for $ 10,000 . Appraiser adjusted my valuation down $ 10,000 however he was unable to visually inspect her claim as a snow storm hit a day before and all pictures , his written commentary and a phone conversation with me confirmed he saw nothing , but " needed to rely on her estimate " . This morning I discussed the issue with an appraiser friend who has been doing this for 30 years full time . The appraiser in question is basically a ' financial consultant ' rolling over 401K ' s . The appraiser I discussed these issues with said the appraisal was full of other holes besides these I found , most importantly ethics and how the appraisal ' could ' be used in the future , not conforming to FNMA guidelines if such , and he stated none of his clients would have accepted this appraisal . What are your thoughts ? Subdivision of a bedroom community in Wisconsin , not far from the Mississippi River in the Coulee Region with views . I understand you do n ' t have the full appraisal , but do you see ethics issues , how do I approach the appraiser who did this , did he really screw up ? Thanks in advance , Terry # 2 Michigan CG Moderator Staff Member Moderator 6,506 Nov 1 , 2006 Certified General Appraiser Michigan Sounds like you need a new appraisal . BTW , an appraisal for divorce does not have to meet FNMA guidelines . # 3 George Hatch Elite Member Gold Supporting Member 6,781 Jan 15 , 2002 Certified General Appraiser California In my opinion , you paid good money to receive a competent appraisal . It ' s not too much to ask for what you paid for . It ' s okay to ask questions . Put them in writing . 1 . What is the effect on value of having the oversized lot with lot split potential . 2 . Appraiser was unable to see the roof to quantify the condition and relied instead on information about the deficient condition and cost to cure as provided by the current occupant . This assumption appears to have been of effect on value . In the event this assumption proves to be incorrect what effect , if any , would that have on the appraiser ' s opinions ? 3 . If the appraiser used the Fannie Mae form for this appraisal , then why did they do that ? This is not a mortgage lending transaction and there are no expectations for compliance with Fannie Mae guidelines . Some of the assumptions and certifications contained therein only apply to * certain * mortgage lending transactions . That makes use of this form generally unsuitable for non - lending assignments like this . Well informed users know better than to use appraisals reported on this form . The assumption about the roof is n ' t a problem as such but it was of effect on the appraiser ' s conclusion and a smart appraiser would have made that assumption subject to verification of condition and costs from a 3rd party inspector or roofing contractor . The issue may not warrant further attention on your part if you think the condition is as the occupant reported it but if you have your doubts then it might be worth resolving the uncertainty . Whatever you do , do n ' t try to steer the value . If the appraiser revises their report and later gets called to testify they will need to be able to answer truthfully that the reason they revised their report was in response to some questions that they should have anticipated and explained in the first version . # 4 David Wimpelberg Staff Member 1,296 Mar 30 , 2005 New York terry2box said : โ 1 . Subject 2.32 acres ( double lot compared to rest of subdivision ) Comparables 1.04 acre , .90 acre , .76 acre , .64 acre , .58 acre and .45 acre . The appraiser made NO adjustment for lot size . Also , although the survey is not filed with the courthouse there was 1.13 acres surveyed off to sell someday as a new lot for building . He discounts this fact or valuation also . It is certainly possible that 2.32 - acre parcel could have the same value as a 1.04 - acre , 0.90 - acre , etc . parcel . However , this should be explained in the report with the necessary supporting data . The thing that sticks out to me is that your parcel is potentially subdivisible . If the comparable sales do not have subdivisible parcels , there is a difference in utility , and that is most definitely cause for concern . 2 . Ex wife who lives in the home ( I do n ' t have access to view it with appraiser or anyone else ) delivered to appraiser a roofing estimate ( probably the highest one she could get ) for $ 10,000 . Appraiser adjusted my valuation down $ 10,000 however he was unable to visually inspect her claim as a snow storm hit a day before and all pictures , his written commentary and a phone conversation with me confirmed he saw nothing , but " needed to rely on her estimate " . Given the circumstances , the appraiser can make an extraordinary assumption , and base his / her opinion on the expertise on another , in this case a roofer . If should be noted in the report that the appraiser believes the estimate to be true , is relying on this estimate , and that the value can be affected if this information turns out to be incorrect . The appraiser I discussed these issues with said the appraisal was full of other holes besides these I found , most importantly ethics and how the appraisal ' could ' be used in the future , not conforming to FNMA guidelines if such , and he stated none of his clients would have accepted this appraisal . It is important to note that FNMA guidelines are applicable only to FNMA assignments . Your assignment is not a FNMA assignment , thus these guidelines are not applicable . # 5 Mike Kennedy Elite Member 3,844 Sep 28 , 2003 Certified Residential Appraiser New York terry2box said : โ 1 . Subject 2.32 acres ( double lot compared to rest of subdivision ) Comparables 1.04 acre , .90 acre , .76 acre , .64 acre , .58 acre and .45 acre . The appraiser made NO adjustment for lot size . Also , although the survey is not filed with the courthouse there was 1.13 acres surveyed off to sell someday as a new lot for building . He discounts this fact or valuation also . " Someday " has not yet arrived . Until the subdivision is approved by your governing municipality , and a legal description is recorded - the 1.13 acre did not exist . The Opinion of Fair Market Value was based on the site , as - improved , which existed on the Effective Date of Appraisal . As such , the additional Surplus Land may or may not have any contributory value beyond that value indicated by the market for a primary single lot ( per your comments on subdivision and comparables lot sizes ) . From the info posted reference : [ FONT = " ] Surplus Land Land not necessary to support the highest and best use of the existing improvement but , because of physical limitations , building placement , or neighborhood norms , can not be sold off separately . Such land may or may not contribute positively to value and may or may not accommodate future expansion of an existing or anticipated improvement . * * Per The Appraisal of Real Estate โ Twelfth Edition [ / FONT ] " 2 . Ex wife who lives in the home ( I do n ' t have access to view it with appraiser or anyone else ) delivered to appraiser a roofing estimate ( probably the highest one she could get ) for $ 10,000 . Appraiser adjusted my valuation down $ 10,000 however he was unable to visually inspect her claim as a snow storm hit a day before and all pictures , his written commentary and a phone conversation with me confirmed he saw nothing , but " needed to rely on her estimate " . " Was the appraisal MV opinion " as - is " or based on an Extraordinary Assumption that the roof was in the condition reported by the occupant / co - owner supported by the estimate from the roofer ? " This morning I discussed the issue with an appraiser friend who has been doing this for 30 years full time . The appraiser in question is basically a ' financial consultant ' rolling over 401K ' s . The appraiser I discussed these issues with said the appraisal was full of other holes besides these I found , most importantly ethics and how the appraisal ' could ' be used in the future , not conforming to FNMA guidelines if such , and he stated none of his clients would have accepted this appraisal . " IMO , a . each appraisal report is required to stipulate the Intended Use and Scope of Work necessary to complete an assignment in an ethical , competent manner . It is likely that the sole intended use of the report was to assist the client ( your attorney ) develop a credible opinion of current fair market value for the fee simple interest in the Single Family Residential property " as - improved " on the Effective Date of Appraisal . b . if a . above is correct , the relevancy of an opinion of the 401k consultant who cited " not conforming to FNMA guidelines " should be totally discounted as FNMA guidelines are not applicable to the Intended Use of the appraisal report . c . if that friend ' s opinion " none of his clients would accept the appraisal " was based on a mortgage lending clientele , that opinion is moot . e . it is entirely common in suburban and rural markets for atypically larger , single lots to contribute no additional market value above the primary lot area . it is also common that similar properties typically experience an extended exposure time as many local buyers in subdivisions indicate their preference for lower property taxes commensurate with smaller primary lots . f . conversely , in other markets larger lots may contribute additional residual value due to enhanced privacy , wooded or secluded view ( depending on where the homes are situated on their lots etc . ) . g . as with all in appraising - " it depends " . h . the appraisal report should have addressed the dynamic extracted from your specific market - as of the Effective Date of Appraisal . " What are your thoughts ? Subdivision of a bedroom community in Wisconsin , not far from the Mississippi River in the Coulee Region with views . I understand you do n ' t have the full appraisal , but do you see ethics issues , how do I approach the appraiser who did this , did he really screw up ? " Thanks in advance , Terry Approach : 1 . Suggest writing down your observations and questions and request your attorney forward them to the Appraiser for additional information and clarification . Should the response still leave questions unanswered , then 2 . As Michigan suggested , obtain either a second appraisal or an Appraisal Review on the first report by a competent Appraiser should answer your questions . Click to expand . . . Last edited : Mar 26 , 2013 Mar 26 , 2013 # 6 Restrain 1,194 Jan 22 , 2002 Florida Sounds like a contentious divorce . The attorney for the wife will use a reviewer to try to punch holes in the appraisal . You need to have an appraisal that has few holes , if any , and from your comments , there are plenty of holes . You need to have an appraiser who is used to doing appraisals for legal use and who is confident on the stand . Just from your comments on the report , this appraiser is neither . Think it is back to the drawing board on the appraisal side . # 7 james stephens Junior Member 2 Dec 9 , 2004 Certified Residential Appraiser Georgia Without knowing more details about your lot such as views , utility , topography , location in the subdivision , etc . it is hard to reach a firm conclusion about whether or not an adjustment needed to be made . An appraiser should not look at the lot size alone . Have you had previous appraisals on the property and if so what was the precedent , if any ? In the absence of line adjustments for comparable sales with significantly different lot sizes a written explanation or commentary would certainly be in order . With respect to the roof estimate , in the absence of evidence to the contrary , it is reasonable for the appraiser to accept the information provided by the occupant of the property as credible and use in the appraisal via an extraordinary assumption . You say the appraiser in question is basically a financial consultant rolling over 401K ' s . Are you implying that the appraiser who completed the appraisal is not competent because they are not doing appraisals full time ? An appraiser need not practice full time to be competent . There may be some merit to your observations , but I think the more important question is why did you ( your attorney ) hire the appraiser in the first place given your " many years of real estate brokerage and mortgage brokerage ownership " ? # 8 leasedfee Member 577 Oct 14 , 2007 Colorado It ' s never smart to jump into a shark tank , . . . . . okay , I ' m not a big fan of the " you hire an appraiser who ' ll I disagree with , so I ' ll hire an appraiser that ' ll you ' ll disagree with . " I ' d prefer a neutral method : Generate a list of names from a third - party site ( like the Appraisal Institute or I think this site may have a find an appraiser ) and who are qualified and experienced with your area and home type . . Pick 2 random names out of a hat ( actually an ordered list in case they decline , etc . ) . If the two opinions of values are reasonably close , say 5 % - 7 % spread , then split the difference . If they ' re somewhat Nonetheless , proceeding down the tried - and - not - so - true war - party path , you could hire an appraiser to perform a Standard 3 Review Appraisal of this appraisal . I will go further out on a limb and say that the surplus lot area does likely create value ( who would n ' t want extra land ? ) And we ' re not talking about 100 vs . 101 acres which difference is imperceptible , but a visible , notable difference . But if a finished lot sells for $ x / sf , you ' re only going to get a % of this for the surplus area as it is , for now . It is not the same thing as a buildable site , finished lot with infrastructure , it may be positioned to the rear or side of a hill . It is well documented that increasing land size especially in suburban / rural / exurban areas diminishes on a $ / sf basis . The value of the surplus land area , if similar to the building site Roof : I helped an HOA gather and review bids last Autumn for a 4,000 sf flat commercial roof ( you did n ' t mention your roof ' s size ) . The costs have inflated greatly in my area in the last few years . The bids ranged from $ 6.50 / sf to $ 12 / sf averaging almost $ 10 / sf for a variety of membrane or epdm styles with M&S suggesting about $ 7ish / sf . Last edited : # 9 ctapraser Senior Member 10 Feb 3 , 2012 Connecticut Mike Kennedy said : 1 . Subject 2.32 acres ( double lot compared to rest of subdivision ) Comparables 1.04 acre , .90 acre , .76 acre , .64 acre , .58 acre and .45 acre . The appraiser made NO adjustment for lot size . Also , although the survey is not filed with the courthouse there was 1.13 acres surveyed off to sell someday as a new lot for building . He discounts this fact or valuation also . " Someday " has not yet arrived . Until the subdivision is approved by your governing municipality , and a legal description is recorded - the 1.13 acre did not exist . The Opinion of Fair Market Value was based on the site , as - improved , which existed on the Effective Date of Appraisal . As such , the additional Surplus Land may or may not have any contributory value beyond that value indicated by the market for a primary single lot ( per your comments on subdivision and comparables lot sizes ) . From the info posted reference : [ FONT = " ] Surplus Land [ / FONT ] [ FONT = " ] Land not necessary to support the highest and best use of the existing improvement but , because of physical limitations , building placement , or neighborhood norms , can not be sold off separately . Such land may or may not contribute positively to value and may or may not accommodate future expansion of an existing or anticipated improvement . [ / FONT ] * * Per The Appraisal of Real Estate โ Twelfth Edition " 2 . Ex wife who lives in the home ( I do n ' t have access to view it with appraiser or anyone else ) delivered to appraiser a roofing estimate ( probably the highest one she could get ) for $ 10,000 . Appraiser adjusted my valuation down $ 10,000 however he was unable to visually inspect her claim as a snow storm hit a day before and all pictures , his written commentary and a phone conversation with me confirmed he saw nothing , but " needed to rely on her estimate " . " Was the appraisal MV opinion " as - is " or based on an Extraordinary Assumption that the roof was in the condition reported by the occupant / co - owner supported by the estimate from the roofer ? " This morning I discussed the issue with an appraiser friend who has been doing this for 30 years full time . The appraiser in question is basically a ' financial consultant ' rolling over 401K ' s . The appraiser I discussed these issues with said the appraisal was full of other holes besides these I found , most importantly ethics and how the appraisal ' could ' be used in the future , not conforming to FNMA guidelines if such , and he stated none of his clients would have accepted this appraisal . " IMO , a . each appraisal report is required to stipulate the Intended Use and Scope of Work necessary to complete an assignment in an ethical , competent manner . It is likely that the sole intended use of the report was to assist the client ( your attorney ) develop a credible opinion of current fair market value for the fee simple interest in the Single Family Residential property " as - improved " on the Effective Date of Appraisal . b . if a . above is correct , the relevancy of an opinion of the 401k consultant who cited " not conforming to FNMA guidelines " should be totally discounted as FNMA guidelines are not applicable to the Intended Use of the appraisal report . c . if that friend ' s opinion " none of his clients would accept the appraisal " was based on a mortgage lending clientele , that opinion is moot . e . it is entirely common in suburban and rural markets for atypically larger , single lots to contribute no additional market value above the primary lot area . it is also common that similar properties typically experience an extended exposure time as many local buyers in subdivisions indicate their preference for lower property taxes commensurate with smaller primary lots . f . conversely , in other markets larger lots may contribute additional residual value due to enhanced privacy , wooded or secluded view ( depending on where the homes are situated on their lots etc . ) . g . as with all in appraising - " it depends " . h . the appraisal report should have addressed the dynamic extracted from your specific market - as of the Effective Date of Appraisal . " What are your thoughts ? Subdivision of a bedroom community in Wisconsin , not far from the Mississippi River in the Coulee Region with views . I understand you do n ' t have the full appraisal , but do you see ethics issues , how do I approach the appraiser who did this , did he really screw up ? " Thanks in advance , Terry Approach : 1 . Suggest writing down your observations and questions and request your attorney forward them to the Appraiser for additional information and clarification . Should the response still leave questions unanswered , then 2 . As Michigan suggested , obtain either a second appraisal or an Appraisal Review on the first report by a competent Appraiser should answer your questions . Click to expand . . . As a fellow appraiser I say , Thank you Mike . Well articulated post . While there may be problems with the appraisal , I do not think the first course of action should be bashing the appraiser . Great post , and thanks ( and not because I did the appraisal # 10 CANative 2,691 Jun 18 , 2003 California Just let her have the difference . You ' ll feel better . You two loved each other once , remember ? Thread Status : Not open for further replies . Share This Page Tweet Forums Other Forums | [
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http://apps.americanbar.org/buslaw/blt/2010-03-04/taylor-henderson.shtml | Business Law Today Volume 19 , Number 4 March / April 2010 Preferences When Can a Trustee Claw Back Payments to Creditors ? By J . Henk Taylor and Justin Henderson A number of considerations will arise when a business begins to falter . If the business owes you money , you will want to do what you can to make sure you get paid . If you manage the struggling business , perhaps you have personally guaranteed a loan to the company and worry about your individual liability . Perhaps you want to maintain good relationships with certain vendors if the company continues to operate , but others are not so essential . Maybe some of your larger creditors already know of your situation and are calling , demanding payment This state of affairs implicates the fundamental policy of the Bankruptcy Code ( 11 U.S.C. ยง 101 et seq . ) of treating similarly situated creditors equally . At the same time , it is desirable to prevent bankruptcy in the first place , if possible . Neither of these policies can be furthered if creditors swoop down and " dismember " a troubled debtor , with stronger creditors more likely to recover . What a business facing bankruptcy needs is less monetary hemorrhaging , not more . Given these concerns , the Bankruptcy Code permits the trustee or debtor - in - possession to " avoid " certain preferential transfers that a debtor made to creditors in the 90 - day period prior to the filing of a bankruptcy petition . Preferential transfers should not be confused with fraudulent conveyances . Though they are often lumped together , they are distinct concepts . A preferential transfer focuses on whether a creditor has received a payment that results in that creditor getting better treatment than other creditors in light of the bankruptcy . A fraudulent transfer , on Faced with the possibility that the trustee or debtor - in - possession may claw back preferential transfers , the Bankruptcy Code encourages creditors to maintain normal business relationships with troubled debtors by providing several exceptions to the general rule . If creditors do not demand and receive immediate payment on outstanding debts , and instead continue working with the troubled business , there is a greater chance that the business might recover . Thus , the Bankruptcy Code ultimately tries to preserve the status quo in the days preceding the filing of a bankruptcy petition . What Kinds of Transfers Qualify ? In evaluating preferential transfer problems , lawyers should always keep in mind that the overall goal of the preferential transfer statute ( Bankruptcy Code ยง 547 ) is to avoid depletion of the debtor ' s bankruptcy estate prior to the filing . If it can be shown that there was no depletion of the estate such that other creditors obtain a lesser recovery on their claims , courts are more likely to find that either there was no preferential transfer in the first place or one of the exceptions to the general rule applies . Trustees may be more It is relatively easy , however , to establish that a prepetition payment to a creditor is , on its face , a preferential transfer . The Bankruptcy Code broadly defines " transfer " to cover every possible transfer of a property interest , including the granting of a security interest or lien , and even includes involuntary transfers , such as the attachment of a judicial lien . The starting point for figuring out whether a preferential transfer has taken place is section 547 of the Bankruptcy Code . Section 547 lists five elements that make up a preferential transfer . First , the transfer must be to or for the benefit of a creditor . Second , the transfer must relate to an antecedent debt owed before the transfer . Third , the transfer must have been made while the debtor was insolvent . Fourth , the transfer must have occurred within 90 days prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition , or one year prior to the filing if the creditor / transferee is an " insider " of the debtor . Last , the transfer The last requirement gets fully secured creditors out from under the statute . A secured creditor is entitled to receive the value of its collateral in a Chapter 7 liquidation up to the amount of its debt . It is only when the creditor gets paid that is changed when a debtor makes a prepetition transfer to a fully secured creditor , not the amount the creditor is paid . Thus , payment to a fully secured creditor does not deplete the debtor ' s bankruptcy estate to the disadvantage of other creditors . Payment to an unsecured or undersecured creditor , on the other hand , will almost always satisfy the fifth element . In Palmer Clay Products Co . v . Brown , 297 U.S. 227 ( 1936 ) , the Court explained why , using an example similar to the following . Say a debtor owes $ 11,000 in credit card debt and pays $ 1,000 toward that debt prior to filing bankruptcy . Typically an unsecured creditor in a Chapter 7 case receives much less than 100 cents on the dollar . If the distribution to unsecured creditors in a subsequent Chapter 7 were 50 percent , the credit card company would receive $ 5,000 in the distribution , plus the $ 1,000 prepetition payment , for a total of Most payments to unsecured or undersecured creditors in the 90 - day window will easily satisfy the elements of a preferential transfer under section 547 . Take , for example , payment of a utility bill 45 days before the petition is filed . Utility companies typically bill their customers in arrears for past service . Thus , the payment is to a creditor , relates to an antecedent debt owing before the transfer , was made within 90 days of the petition , and enriches the utility company to an extent that a Chapter 7 liquidation would not . Because a transfer must merely benefit a creditor , even transactions that only indirectly enhance a creditor ' s position may qualify . For example , a prepetition payment to a creditor on a loan will be a preferential transfer as to the creditor and to a guarantor of the loan because the guarantor is benefitted to the extent its obligation to the creditor on the guaranty is reduced by the payment . So what kinds of transactions are not preferential transfers ? One commonly recognized nonpreferential transfer occurs when a debtor receives loan funds that are earmarked to pay a creditor . If the lender restricts the use of the funds to paying the creditor , the debtor never truly owns the funds and hence the debtor ' s other creditors have not been harmed when these funds are paid over to the designated creditor . One creditor has simply been replaced by another . Similarly , if a third party or co - obligor pays a creditor of the debtor , It is easy to see that nearly every company is likely to have a multitude of transfers that would qualify as preferential transfers , from loan payments to purchases of goods on 30 days ' credit , to paying the bill for the Internet and the water delivery service . The real fight is over the exceptions to the rule . It is common for a trustee to file , or threaten to file , lawsuits addressed toward any transfer made within the 90 - day period that arguably qualifies as a preferential transfer . But a good many of these transfers will qualify for an exception , and creditors should evaluate whether they are truly liable for what the trustee demands . Creditors are often able to argue that a particular transaction qualifies for more than one exception , and their lawyers should evaluate each . The exceptions are designed to encourage creditors to continue dealing with a faltering company in the hope that bankruptcy can be avoided . The most commonly invoked exceptions are generally known as the " ordinary course of business " and " new value " exceptions . Ordinary Course of Business The ordinary course of business exception in 11 U.S.C. ยง 547 ( c ) ( 2 ) is not difficult to understand , though its application is fact - driven and consequently may be difficult to predict and unlikely to be overturned on appeal . The policy underlying the exception focuses a little less on the depletion of the estate , and more on encouraging normal business relationships , which favors creditors who work with struggling businesses . The " ordinary course " defense typically arises in preference claims where a trustee seeks to avoid payments to trade vendors such The 2005 amendments to the Bankruptcy Code made it easier for creditors to prevail using this exception by decoupling two elements of the defense . Under both versions of the statute , a creditor must prove that the debt paid by the preferential payment arose in the ordinary course of the debtor ' s business . This element focuses on whether the debt was incurred as part of the debtor ' s normal business operations . Most debts satisfy this criterion such as debts owed to trade vendors . But if the debt is an aberration for a business , Prior to 2005 , creditors also had to prove that the transfer was made " in the ordinary course of business " and was " made according to ordinary business terms . " After 2005 , creditors need only prove one or the other of these elements . Whether a transfer was made in the ordinary course of business is referred to as the subjective test . Under it , courts evaluate whether the course of dealing between the debtor and the specific creditor indicates that the transfer was not unusual . The creditor must establish the baseline of past practices between it and the debtor so that the court has something to compare the transfer to . After the baseline is established , the court determines whether the amount , form , timing , method of collection , or any other characteristic of the transfer is different Unusual patterns of activity are not enough , in and of themselves , to overcome the defense . For example , if a creditor has a history of accepting late payments from the debtor , then a late payment made within the preference period will still qualify as " ordinary course " as long as the timing of that payment fits within the established pattern . Thus , even if a payment is made much later than is normal in the industry , so long as the payment is still within the bounds of the past billing and payment practices Even if a payment represents the first transaction between the parties , it may still fall within the exception . The exception is not intended to protect only creditors with long - standing relationships with a debtor . Rather , the exception is designed to protect normal financial relationships . If taking on a debt would not be out of the ordinary for a person in the debtor ' s shoes , the exception applies if the payments that follow are also ordinary . The overall focus is on whether the transfer is arm ' s length , routine , and ordinary . Accordingly , payment of long - term and short - term debt generally qualifies . But , as was the case in In re Hechinger Investment Company of Delaware , Inc . , 489 F . 3d 568 ( 3d Cir . 2007 ) , if a creditor takes steps such as accelerating a debtor ' s payments ; reducing its credit limit ; forcing it to make large , lump - sum payments by wire transfer ; and / or sending the debtor dunning letters , the exception may be held inapplicable because the payment will be " out of character with the long historical relationship between the [] parties . " If the course of performance between the parties can not be proven , perhaps because of poor record keeping , a creditor also can try to prove that a transfer was " made according to ordinary business terms . " This is referred to as the objective test . Courts look to industry standards to determine whether the transfer was normal , and oftentimes expert testimony is necessary to establish what is common in the industry . Despite the " objective " moniker , the test is fairly flexible and easy to satisfy . Only transactions that are an aberration New Value The primary " new value " exceptions can be found in section 547 ( c ) ( 1 ) and ( 4 ) of the Bankruptcy Code . They generally prevent the trustee from avoiding preferential transfers when the transfer was made in exchange for something that increases , or at least does not deplete , the debtor ' s assets . New value can take virtually any form , including cash , property , or release of a lien , but does not include the swap of an existing obligation for a new one . The " substantially contemporaneous exchange for new value " exception applies where a debtor pays a creditor for goods or services contemporaneously with the supply of those goods and services . COD payments are classic examples of these types of protected payments . Consistent with the purpose of the exception , the trustee may only be prevented from clawing back a transfer to the extent of the new value provided . If a debtor pays more than something is worth , the trustee may seek to recover the excess . The applicability of the exception depends to some extent on The intent of the parties is the most important consideration , and the exchange need only be " substantially contemporaneous . " However , even when there is intent for a transfer to be for new value , it may be avoided in certain circumstances . For example , where payment for services is made by check , and a bank later dishonors the check , courts have held that the transfer falls out of the contemporaneous exchange exception . Creditors also may be successful in retaining preferential transfers under the " subsequent new value " exception . A creditor ' s liability for a preferential transfer may be offset by the creditor ' s giving the debtor new value ( often in the form of goods and services ) subsequent to the contested payment . For instance , where a vendor has received a preferential payment from a customer , such as payment for goods previously shipped , if the vendor subsequently provides more goods to the customer on credit , the value of the newly shipped goods can In re Inland Global Medical Group , Inc . , 362 B.R. 459 ( Bankr . C.D. Cal . 2006 ) , the principle underlying the exception is that new value replenishes the estate , and recovery of the preference is not necessary to place creditors on equal footing . If the customer / debtor in fact paid for the subsequent goods , however , then the vendor effectively did not provide any new value to the customer because the repayment depleted the estate . It is important to recognize that subsequent value must be just that โ subsequent . A creditor can not simply aggregate the value of the goods or services it provided during the preference period and offset this value directly against the amount of preferential transfers it has received . For example , if a creditor receives a preferential transfer of $ 5,000 and later provides $ 10,000 worth of new value , the subsequent new value exception prevents the trustee from avoiding any of the preference . If , after these transactions , the creditor had received another preferential transfer Insiders The Code treats insiders differently than other creditors . Insiders include a debtor ' s corporate officers , their family members , general partners , as well as corporate affiliates of the debtor . Transfers made to these creditors are subject to a look - back period of one year rather than the standard 90 days . However , the presumption that the debtor is insolvent applies only to the 90 - day window . Thus , if the trustee sues an insider for return of a transfer made more than 90 days before the filing of the petition , After the 2005 amendments , transfers to a noninsider that occur between 90 days and one year of the petition filing that are avoided as benefitting an insider creditor are only avoided as to the insider . So if a debtor transfers money to a noninsider bank to pay down a loan 100 days prior to filing bankruptcy , any avoidance of the transfer would operate against an insider who guaranteed the loan , but not against the bank . Conclusion Though many payments a debtor makes to creditors on the eve of bankruptcy may be preferential transfers under the Bankruptcy Code , creditors should not assume that a payment will be later avoided . Generally speaking , if a creditor can get payment from a debtor , even a debtor tottering on the edge of bankruptcy , the creditor should do so . This is true if the payment is preferential and the creditor may not qualify for one of the statutory exceptions . That is because there is no guarantee that the creditor will face a preference suit down Taylor is a partner and Henderson is an associate at Lewis and Roca LLP in Phoenix , AZ . Their respective e - mails are htaylor @ lrlaw . com and jhenderson @ lrlaw . com Back to Top | [
"Preferences",
"Business Law",
"Transfers Qualify"
] |
http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoWhatIsHerbarium.do | What is a Herbarium ? An Internal View of Kew ' s Herbarium A herbarium is a collection of preserved plants stored , catalogued , and arranged systematically for study by professionals and amateurs from many walks of life . A collection like this is a vital reference when you need to identify a plant and also serves to fix for ever the identity of thousands of plant names . A herbarium is a cross between a museum of priceless artefacts and a warehouse of birth certificates for plants ; and acts as a source of information about plants - where they are found , what chemicals they have in them , when Individual plants or parts of plants , are preserved in various ways , stored and cared for over time so that current and future generations can identify plants , study biodiversity and use the collection in support of conservation , ecology and sustainable development . The curator of a herbarium is responsible for its long - term care , maintenance and development . Many of the plants in the Kew Herbarium were collected hundreds of years ago and have priceless significance for botanical science as well as being an important resource for ecologists , scientists , geographers and historians . Herbaria that organize their specimens systematically , by family , genus and species , serve as a working hypothesis of a classification of all plants . Specimens from related species are found close to one another thus facilitating their comparison . What is in the collection ? What is the collection used for ? Who uses the collection ? How are the plants collected ? How are the plants stored and preserved ? How is the collection organised ? Why are plants labelled ? Find out more | [
"Herbarium",
"plant specimens"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.37.100 | Print RCWs > Title 46 > Chapter 46.37 Section 46.37.100 46.37.090 < < 46.37.100 > > 46.37.110 RCW 46.37.100 Color of clearance lamps , side marker lamps , backup lamps , and reflectors . ( 1 ) Front clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the front or on the side near the front of a vehicle shall display or reflect an amber color . ( 2 ) Rear clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall display or reflect a red color . ( 3 ) All lighting devices and reflectors mounted on the rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color , except the stop lamp or other signal device , which may be red , amber , or yellow , and except that on any vehicle forty or more years old , or on any motorcycle regardless of age , the taillight may also contain a blue or purple insert of not more than one inch in diameter , and except that the light illuminating the license plate shall be white and the light emitted by a backup 2002 c 196 ยง 1 ; 1992 c 46 ยง 1 ; 1961 c 12 ยง 46.37.100 . Prior : 1955 c 269 ยง 10 ; prior : 1947 c 267 ยง 3 , part ; 1937 c 189 ยง 17 , part ; Rem . Supp . 1947 ยง 6360 - 17 , part ; RCW 46.40.040 , part ; 1933 c 156 ยง ยง 5 , part , 6 , part ; 1929 c 178 ยง ยง 7 , part , 8 , part ; 1927 c 309 ยง ยง 27 , part , 28 , part ; RRS ยง ยง 6362 - 27 , part , 6362 - 28 , part ; 1921 c 96 ยง 22 , part ; 1919 c 59 ยง 10 , part ; 1917 c 155 ยง 15 , part ; 1915 c 142 ยง 21 , part . ] | [
"clearance lamps",
"side marker lamps",
"backup lamps"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.61.687 | Print RCWs > Title 46 > Chapter 46.61 Section 46.61.687 46.61.685 < < 46.61.687 > > 46.61.6871 RCW 46.61.687 Child passenger restraint required Conditions Exceptions Penalty for violation Dismissal Noncompliance not negligence Immunity . ( 1 ) Whenever a child who is less than sixteen years of age is being transported in a motor vehicle that is in operation and that is required by RCW 46.37.510 to be equipped with a safety belt system in a passenger seating position , or is being transported in a neighborhood electric vehicle or medium - speed electric vehicle that is in operation , the driver of the vehicle shall keep the child properly restrained as follows : ( a ) A child must be restrained in a child restraint system , if the passenger seating position equipped with a safety belt system allows sufficient space for installation , until the child is eight years old , unless the child is four feet nine inches or taller . The child restraint system must comply with standards of the United States department of transportation and must be secured in the vehicle in accordance with instructions of the vehicle manufacturer and the child restraint system manufacturer . ( b ) A child who is eight years of age or older or four feet nine inches or taller shall be properly restrained with the motor vehicle ' s safety belt properly adjusted and fastened around the child ' s body or an appropriately fitting child restraint system . ( c ) The driver of a vehicle transporting a child who is under thirteen years old shall transport the child in the back seat positions in the vehicle where it is practical to do so . ( 2 ) Enforcement of subsection ( 1 ) of this section is subject to a visual inspection by law enforcement to determine if the child restraint system in use is appropriate for the child ' s individual height , weight , and age . The visual inspection for usage of a child restraint system must ensure that the child restraint system is being used in accordance with the instruction of the vehicle and the child restraint system manufacturers . The driver of a vehicle transporting a child who is under thirteen years old shall transport the child in the ( 3 ) A person violating subsection ( 1 ) of this section may be issued a notice of traffic infraction under chapter 46.63 RCW . If the person to whom the notice was issued presents proof of acquisition of an approved child passenger restraint system or a child booster seat , as appropriate , within seven days to the jurisdiction issuing the notice and the person has not previously had a violation of this section dismissed , the jurisdiction shall dismiss the notice of traffic infraction . ( 4 ) Failure to comply with the requirements of this section shall not constitute negligence by a parent or legal guardian . Failure to use a child restraint system shall not be admissible as evidence of negligence in any civil action . ( 5 ) This section does not apply to : ( a ) For hire vehicles , ( b ) vehicles designed to transport sixteen or less passengers , including the driver , operated by auto transportation companies , as defined in RCW 81.68.010 , ( c ) vehicles providing customer shuttle service between parking , convention , and hotel facilities , and airport terminals , and ( d ) school buses . ( 6 ) As used in this section , " child restraint system " means a child passenger restraint system that meets the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards set forth in 49 C.F.R. 571.213 . ( 7 ) The requirements of subsection ( 1 ) of this section do not apply in any seating position where there is only a lap belt available and the child weighs more than forty pounds . ( 8 ) ( a ) Except as provided in ( b ) of this subsection , a person who has a current national certification as a child passenger safety technician and who in good faith provides inspection , adjustment , or educational services regarding child passenger restraint systems is not liable for civil damages resulting from any act or omission in providing the services , other than acts or omissions constituting gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct . ( b ) The immunity provided in this subsection does not apply to a certified child passenger safety technician who is employed by a retailer of child passenger restraint systems and who , during his or her hours of employment and while being compensated , provides inspection , adjustment , or educational services regarding child passenger restraint systems . 2007 c 510 ยง 4 . Prior : 2005 c 415 ยง 1 ; 2005 c 132 ยง 1 ; 2003 c 353 ยง 5 ; 2000 c 190 ยง 2 ; 1994 c 100 ยง 1 ; 1993 c 274 ยง 1 ; 1987 c 330 ยง 745 ; 1983 c 215 ยง 2 . NOTES : Effective date 2007 c 510 : See note following RCW 46.04.320 Effective date 2005 c 132 ยง 1 : " Section 1 of this act takes effect June 1 , 2007 . " [ 2005 c 132 ยง 3 . 2003 c 353 : See note following RCW 46.04.320 Intent 2000 c 190 : " The legislature recognizes that fewer than five percent of all drivers use child booster seats for children over the age of four years . The legislature also recognizes that seventy - one percent of deaths resulting from car accidents could be eliminated if every child under the age of sixteen used an appropriate child safety seat , booster seat , or seat belt . The legislature further recognizes the National Transportation Safety Board ' s recommendations that promote the use of booster seats to increase the safety of children under eight years of age . Therefore , it is 2000 c 190 ยง 1 . Short title 2000 c 190 : " This act may be known and cited as the Anton Skeen Act . " [ 2000 c 190 ยง 5 . " This act takes effect July 1 , 2002 . " [ 2000 c 190 ยง 6 . Construction Application of rules Severability 1987 c 330 : See notes following RCW 28B . 12 . 050 Severability 1983 c 215 : 46.37.505 Standards for child passenger restraint systems : RCW 46.37.505 | [
"Child passenger restraint",
"Noncompliance not negligence"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=46.61.688 | Print RCWs > Title 46 > Chapter 46.61 Section 46.61.688 46.61.6871 < < 46.61.688 > > 46.61.6885 RCW 46.61.688 Safety belts , use required Penalties Exemptions . ( 1 ) For the purposes of this section , " motor vehicle " includes : ( a ) " Buses , " meaning motor vehicles with motive power , except trailers , designed to carry more than ten passengers ; ( b ) " Medium - speed electric vehicle " meaning a self - propelled , electrically powered four - wheeled motor vehicle , equipped with a roll cage or crush - proof body design , whose speed attainable in one mile is more than thirty miles per hour but not more than thirty - five miles per hour and otherwise meets or exceeds the federal regulations set forth in 49 C.F.R. Sec . 571.500 ; ( c ) " Motorcycle , " meaning a three - wheeled motor vehicle that is designed ( i ) so that the driver rides on a seat in a partially or completely enclosed seating area that is equipped with safety belts and ( ii ) to be steered with a steering wheel ; ( d ) " Multipurpose passenger vehicles , " meaning motor vehicles with motive power , except trailers , designed to carry ten persons or less that are constructed either on a truck chassis or with special features for occasional off - road operation ; ( e ) " Neighborhood electric vehicle , " meaning a self - propelled , electrically powered four - wheeled motor vehicle whose speed attainable in one mile is more than twenty miles per hour and not more than twenty - five miles per hour and conforms to federal regulations under 49 C.F.R. Sec . 571.500 ; ( f ) " Passenger cars , " meaning motor vehicles with motive power , except multipurpose passenger vehicles , motorcycles , or trailers , designed for carrying ten passengers or less ; and ( g ) " Trucks , " meaning motor vehicles with motive power , except trailers , designed primarily for the transportation of property . ( 2 ) ( a ) This section only applies to : ( i ) Motor vehicles that meet the manual seat belt safety standards as set forth in 49 C.F.R. Sec . 571.208 ; ( ii ) Motorcycles , when equipped with safety belts that meet the standards set forth in 49 C.F.R. Part 571 ; and ( iii ) Neighborhood electric vehicles and medium - speed electric vehicles that meet the seat belt standards as set forth in 49 C.F.R. Sec . 571.500 . ( b ) This section does not apply to a vehicle occupant for whom no safety belt is available when all designated seating positions as required under 49 C.F.R. Part 571 are occupied . ( 3 ) Every person sixteen years of age or older operating or riding in a motor vehicle shall wear the safety belt assembly in a properly adjusted and securely fastened manner . ( 4 ) No person may operate a motor vehicle unless all child passengers under the age of sixteen years are either : ( a ) Wearing a safety belt assembly or ( b ) are securely fastened into an approved child restraint device . ( 5 ) A person violating this section shall be issued a notice of traffic infraction under chapter 46.63 RCW . A finding that a person has committed a traffic infraction under this section shall be contained in the driver ' s abstract but shall not be available to insurance companies or employers . ( 6 ) Failure to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute negligence , nor may failure to wear a safety belt assembly be admissible as evidence of negligence in any civil action . ( 7 ) This section does not apply to an operator or passenger who possesses written verification from a licensed physician that the operator or passenger is unable to wear a safety belt for physical or medical reasons . ( 8 ) The state patrol may adopt rules exempting operators or occupants of farm vehicles , construction equipment , and vehicles that are required to make frequent stops from the requirement of wearing safety belts . 2009 c 275 ยง 8 ; 2007 c 510 ยง 5 ; 2003 c 353 ยง 4 ; 2002 c 328 ยง 2 ; ( 2002 c 328 ยง 1 expired July 1 , 2002 ) ; 2000 c 190 ยง 3 ; 1990 c 250 ยง 58 ; 1986 c 152 ยง 1 . NOTES : Reviser ' s note : The definitions in this section have been alphabetized pursuant to RCW 1.08.015 ( 2 ) ( k ) . Effective date 2007 c 510 : See note following RCW 46.04.320 Effective date 2003 c 353 : See note following RCW 46.04.320 Expiration date 2002 c 328 ยง 1 : " Section 1 of this act expires July 1 , 2002 . " [ 2002 c 328 ยง 3 . 2002 c 328 ยง 2 : " Section 2 of this act takes effect July 1 , 2002 . " [ 2002 c 328 ยง 4 . Intent Short title 2000 c 190 : See notes following RCW 46.61.687 Study of effectiveness 1986 c 152 : " The traffic safety commission shall undertake a study of the effectiveness of section 1 of this act and shall report its finding to the legislative transportation committee by January 1 , 1989 . " [ 1986 c 152 ยง 3 . Physicians Immunity from liability regarding safety belts : RCW 4.24.235 Seat belts and shoulder harnesses , required equipment : RCW 46.37.510 | [
"RCW",
"motor vehicle",
"motive power"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=48.83&full=true | Print RCWs > Title 48 > Chapter 48.83 Chapter Listing | RCW Dispositions Chapter 48.83 RCW LONG - TERM CARE INSURANCE COVERAGE STANDARDS Sections 48.83.005 Intent . 48.83.010 Application . 48.83.020 Definitions . 48.83.030 Out - of - state policy Restriction . 48.83.040 Preexisting conditions . 48.83.050 Prohibited policy terms and practices Field - issued , defined . 48.83.060 Right to return policy or certificate Refund . 48.83.070 Required documents for prospective and approved applicants Contents When due . 48.83.080 Benefit funded through life insurance policy Acceleration of a death benefit . 48.83.090 Denial of claims Written explanation . 48.83.100 Rescission of policy or certificate . 48.83.110 Inflation protection features Rules . 48.83.120 Nonforfeiture benefit option Offer required Rules . 48.83.130 Selling , soliciting , or negotiating coverage Licensed insurance producers Training Issuers duties 48.83.140 Determining whether coverage is appropriate Suitability standards Information protected 48.83.150 Prohibited practices . 48.83.160 Violations Fine . 48.83.170 Rules , generally . 48.83.901 Effective date 2008 c 145 . 48.83.005 Intent . The intent of this chapter is to promote the public interest , support the availability of long - term care coverage , establish standards for long - term care coverage , facilitate public understanding and comparison of long - term care contract benefits , protect persons insured under long - term care insurance policies and certificates , protect applicants for long - term care policies from unfair or deceptive sales or enrollment practices , and provide for flexibility and innovation in the development of long - term care insurance coverage . 2008 c 145 ยง 1 . 48.83.010 Application . This chapter applies to all long - term care insurance policies , contracts , or riders delivered or issued for delivery in this state on or after January 1 , 2009 . This chapter does not supersede the obligations of entities subject to this chapter to comply with other applicable laws to the extent that they do not conflict with this chapter , except that laws and regulations designed and intended to apply to medicare supplement insurance policies shall not be applied to long - term care insurance . ( 1 ) Coverage advertised , marketed , or offered as long - term care insurance shall comply with the provisions of this chapter . Any coverage , policy , or rider advertised , marketed , or offered as long - term care or nursing home insurance shall comply with the provisions of this chapter . ( 2 ) Individual and group long - term care contracts issued prior to January 1 , 2009 , remain governed by chapter 48.84 RCW and rules adopted thereunder . ( 3 ) This chapter is not intended to prohibit approval of long - term care funded through life insurance . 2008 c 145 ยง 2 . 48.83.020 Definitions . The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the context clearly requires otherwise . ( 1 ) " Applicant " means : ( a ) In the case of an individual long - term care insurance policy , the person who seeks to contract for benefits ; and ( b ) in the case of a group long - term care insurance policy , the proposed certificate holder . ( 2 ) " Certificate " includes any certificate issued under a group long - term care insurance policy that has been delivered or issued for delivery in this state . ( 3 ) " Commissioner " means the insurance commissioner of Washington state . ( 4 ) " Issuer " includes insurance companies , fraternal benefit societies , health care service contractors , health maintenance organizations , or other entity delivering or issuing for delivery any long - term care insurance policy , contract , or rider . ( 5 ) " Long - term care insurance " means an insurance policy , contract , or rider that is advertised , marketed , offered , or designed to provide coverage for at least twelve consecutive months for a covered person . Long - term care insurance may be on an expense incurred , indemnity , prepaid , or other basis , for one or more necessary or medically necessary diagnostic , preventive , therapeutic , rehabilitative , maintenance , or personal care services , provided in a setting other than an acute care unit of a hospital . ( a ) Long - term care insurance includes group and individual annuities and life insurance policies or riders that provide directly or supplement long - term care insurance . However , long - term care insurance does not include life insurance policies that : ( i ) Accelerate the death benefit specifically for one or more of the qualifying events of terminal illness , medical conditions requiring extraordinary medical intervention , or permanent institutional confinement ; ( ii ) provide the option of a lump sum payment for those benefits ; and ( iii ) do not condition the ( b ) Long - term care insurance also includes qualified long - term care insurance contracts . ( c ) Long - term care insurance does not include any insurance policy , contract , or rider that is offered primarily to provide coverage for basic medicare supplement , basic hospital expense , basic medical - surgical expense , hospital confinement indemnity , major medical expense , disability income , related income , asset protection , accident only , specified disease , specified accident , or limited benefit health . ( 6 ) " Group long - term care insurance " means a long - term care insurance policy or contract that is delivered or issued for delivery in this state and is issued to : ( a ) One or more employers ; one or more labor organizations ; or a trust or the trustees of a fund established by one or more employers or labor organizations for current or former employees , current or former members of the labor organizations , or a combination of current and former employees or members , or a combination of such employers , labor organizations , trusts , or trustees ; or ( b ) A professional , trade , or occupational association for its members or former or retired members , if the association : ( i ) Is composed of persons who are or were all actively engaged in the same profession , trade , or occupation ; and ( ii ) Has been maintained in good faith for purposes other than obtaining insurance ; or ( c ) ( i ) An association , trust , or the trustees of a fund established , created , or maintained for the benefit of members of one or more associations . Before advertising , marketing , or offering long - term care coverage in this state , the association or associations , or the insurer of the association or associations , must file evidence with the commissioner that the association or associations have at the time of such filing at least one hundred persons who are members and that the association or associations have been organized and ( A ) The association or associations hold regular meetings at least annually to further the purposes of the members ; ( B ) Except for credit unions , the association or associations collect dues or solicit contributions from members ; and ( C ) The members have voting privileges and representation on the governing board and committees of the association . ( ii ) Thirty days after filing the evidence in accordance with this section , the association or associations will be deemed to have satisfied the organizational requirements , unless the commissioner makes a finding that the association or associations do not satisfy those organizational requirements ; [ or ] ( d ) A group other than as described in ( a ) , ( b ) , or ( c ) of this subsection subject to a finding by the commissioner that : ( i ) The issuance of the group policy is not contrary to the best interest of the public ; ( ii ) The issuance of the group policy would result in economies of acquisition or administration ; and ( iii ) The benefits are reasonable in relation to the premiums charged . ( 7 ) " Policy " includes a document such as an insurance policy , contract , subscriber agreement , rider , or endorsement delivered or issued for delivery in this state by an insurer , fraternal benefit society , health care service contractor , health maintenance organization , or any similar entity authorized by the insurance commissioner to transact the business of long - term care insurance . ( 8 ) " Qualified long - term care insurance contract " or " federally tax - qualified long - term care insurance contract " means : ( a ) An individual or group insurance contract that meets the requirements of section 7702B ( b ) of the internal revenue code of 1986 , as amended ; or ( b ) The portion of a life insurance contract that provides long - term care insurance coverage by rider or as part of the contract and that satisfies the requirements of sections 7702B ( b ) and ( e ) of the internal revenue code of 1986 , as amended . 2008 c 145 ยง 3 . 48.83.030 Out - of - state policy โ Restriction . A group long - term care insurance policy may not be offered to a resident of this state under a group policy issued in another state to a group described in RCW ( 6 ) ( d ) , unless this state or another state having statutory and regulatory long - term care insurance requirements substantially similar to those adopted in this state has made a determination that such requirements have been met . 2008 c 145 ยง 4 . 48.83.040 Preexisting conditions . ( 1 ) A long - term care insurance policy or certificate may not define " preexisting condition " more restrictively than as a condition for which medical advice or treatment was recommended by or received from a provider of health care services , within six months preceding the effective date of coverage of an insured person , unless the policy or certificate applies to group long - term care insurance under RCW ( 6 ) ( a ) , ( b ) , or ( c ) . ( 2 ) A long - term care insurance policy or certificate may not exclude coverage for a loss or confinement that is the result of a preexisting condition unless the loss or confinement begins within six months following the effective date of coverage of an insured person , unless the policy or certificate applies to a group as defined in RCW ( 6 ) ( a ) . ( 3 ) The commissioner may extend the limitation periods for specific age group categories in specific policy forms upon finding that the extension is in the best interest of the public . ( 4 ) An issuer may use an application form designed to elicit the complete health history of an applicant and underwrite in accordance with that issuer ' s established underwriting standards , based on the answers on that application . Unless otherwise provided in the policy or certificate and regardless of whether it is disclosed on the application , a preexisting condition need not be covered until the waiting period expires . ( 5 ) A long - term care insurance policy or certificate may not exclude or use waivers or riders to exclude , limit , or reduce coverage or benefits for specifically named or described preexisting diseases or physical conditions beyond the waiting period . 2008 c 145 ยง 5 . 48.83.050 Prohibited policy terms and practices โ Field - issued , defined . No long - term care insurance policy may : ( 1 ) Be canceled , nonrenewed , or otherwise terminated on the grounds of the age or the deterioration of the mental or physical health of the insured individual or certificate holder ; ( 2 ) Contain a provision establishing a new waiting period in the event existing coverage is converted to or replaced by a new or other form within the same company , except with respect to an increase in benefits voluntarily selected by the insured individual or group policyholder ; ( 3 ) Provide coverage for skilled nursing care only or provide significantly more coverage for skilled care in a facility than coverage for lower levels of care ; ( 4 ) Condition eligibility for any benefits on a prior hospitalization requirement ; ( 5 ) Condition eligibility for benefits provided in an institutional care setting on the receipt of a higher level of institutional care ; ( 6 ) Condition eligibility for any benefits other than waiver of premium , postconfinement , postacute care , or recuperative benefits on a prior institutionalization requirement ; ( 7 ) Include a postconfinement , postacute care , or recuperative benefit unless : ( a ) Such requirement is clearly labeled in a separate paragraph of the policy or certificate entitled " Limitations or Conditions on Eligibility for Benefits " ; and ( b ) Such limitations or conditions specify any required number of days of preconfinement or postconfinement ; ( 8 ) Condition eligibility for noninstitutional benefits on the prior receipt of institutional care ; ( 9 ) A long - term care insurance policy or certificate may be field - issued if the compensation to the field issuer is not based on the number of policies or certificates issued . For purposes of this section , " field - issued " means a policy or certificate issued by a producer or a third - party administrator of the policy pursuant to the underwriting authority by an issuer and using the issuer ' s underwriting guidelines . 2008 c 145 ยง 6 . 48.83.060 Right to return policy or certificate โ Refund . ( 1 ) Long - term care insurance applicants may return a policy or certificate for any reason within thirty days after its delivery and to have the premium refunded . ( 2 ) All long - term care insurance policies and certificates shall have a notice prominently printed on or attached to the first page of the policy stating that the applicant may return the policy or certificate within thirty days after its delivery and to have the premium refunded . ( 3 ) Refunds or denials of applications must be made within thirty days of the return or denial . ( 4 ) This section shall not apply to certificates issued pursuant to a policy issued to a group defined in RCW ( 6 ) ( a ) . 2008 c 145 ยง 7 . 48.83.070 Required documents for prospective and approved applicants โ Contents โ When due . ( 1 ) An outline of coverage must be delivered to a prospective applicant for long - term care insurance at the time of initial solicitation through means that prominently direct the attention of the recipient to the document and its purpose . ( a ) The commissioner must prescribe a standard format , including style , arrangement , overall appearance , and the content of an outline of coverage . ( b ) When an insurance producer makes a solicitation in person , he or she must deliver an outline of coverage before presenting an application or enrollment form . ( c ) In a direct response solicitation , the outline of coverage must be presented with an application or enrollment form . ( d ) If a policy is issued to a group as defined in RCW ( 6 ) ( a ) , an outline of coverage is not required to be delivered , if the information that the commissioner requires to be included in the outline of coverage is in other materials relating to enrollment . Upon request , any such materials must be made available to the commissioner . ( 2 ) If an issuer approves an application for a long - term care insurance contract or certificate , the issuer must deliver the contract or certificate of insurance to the applicant within thirty days after the date of approval . A policy summary must be delivered with an individual life insurance policy that provides long - term care benefits within the policy or by rider . In a direct response solicitation , the issuer must deliver the policy summary , upon request , before delivery of the policy , if the applicant requests a summary . ( a ) The policy summary shall include : ( i ) An explanation of how the long - term care benefit interacts with other components of the policy , including deductions from any applicable death benefits ; ( ii ) An illustration of the amount of benefits , the length of benefits , and the guaranteed lifetime benefits if any , for each covered person ; ( iii ) Any exclusions , reductions , and limitations on benefits of long - term care ; ( iv ) A statement that any long - term care inflation protection option required by RCW 48.83.110 is not available under this policy ; and ( v ) If applicable to the policy type , the summary must also include : ( A ) A disclosure of the effects of exercising other rights under the policy ; ( B ) A disclosure of guarantees related to long - term care costs of insurance charges ; and ( C ) Current and projected maximum lifetime benefits . ( b ) The provisions of the policy summary may be incorporated into a basic illustration required under chapter 48.23A RCW , or into the policy summary which is required under rules adopted by the commissioner . 2008 c 145 ยง 8 . 48.83.080 Benefit funded through life insurance policy โ Acceleration of a death benefit . If a long - term care benefit funded through a life insurance policy by the acceleration of the death benefit is in benefit payment status , a monthly report must be provided to the policyholder . The report must include : ( 1 ) A record of all long - term care benefits paid out during the month ; ( 2 ) An explanation of any changes in the policy resulting from paying the long - term care benefits , such as a change in the death benefit or cash values ; and ( 3 ) The amount of long - term care benefits that remain to be paid . 2008 c 145 ยง 9 . 48.83.090 Denial of claims โ Written explanation . All long - term care denials must be made within thirty days after receipt of a written request made by a policyholder or certificate holder , or his or her representative . All denials of long - term care claims by the issuer must provide a written explanation of the reasons for the denial and make available to the policyholder or certificate holder all information directly related to the denial . 2013 c 8 ยง 1 ; 2008 c 145 ยง 10 . 48.83.100 Rescission of policy or certificate . ( 1 ) An issuer may rescind a long - term care insurance policy or certificate or deny an otherwise valid long - term care insurance claim if : ( a ) A policy or certificate has been in force for less than six months and upon a showing of misrepresentation that is material to the acceptance for coverage ; or ( b ) A policy or certificate that has been in force for at least six months but less than two years , upon a showing of misrepresentation that is both material to the acceptance for coverage and that pertains to the condition for which benefits are sought . ( 2 ) After a policy or certificate has been in force for two years it is not contestable upon the grounds of misrepresentation alone . Such a policy or certificate may be contested only upon a showing that the insured knowingly and intentionally misrepresented relevant facts relating to the insured ' s health . ( 3 ) An issuer ' s payments for benefits under a long - term care insurance policy or certificate may not be recovered by the issuer if the policy or certificate is rescinded . ( 4 ) This section does not apply to the remaining death benefit of a life insurance policy that accelerates benefits for long - term care that are governed by RCW 48.23.050 the state ' s life insurance incontestability clause . In all other situations , this section shall apply to life insurance policies that accelerate benefits for long - term care . 2008 c 145 ยง 11 . Inflation protection features โ Rules . ( 1 ) The commissioner must establish minimum standards for inflation protection features . ( 2 ) An issuer must comply with the rules adopted by the commissioner that establish minimum standards for inflation protection features . 2008 c 145 ยง 12 . 48.83.120 Nonforfeiture benefit option โ Offer required โ Rules . ( 1 ) Except as provided by this section , a long - term care insurance policy may not be delivered or issued for delivery in this state unless the policyholder or certificate holder has been offered the option of purchasing a policy or certificate that includes a nonforfeiture benefit . The offer of a nonforfeiture benefit may be in the form of a rider that is attached to the policy . If a policyholder or certificate holder declines the nonforfeiture benefit , the issuer must provide a contingent benefit upon lapse that is available for a specified period of ( 2 ) If a group long - term care insurance policy is issued , the offer required in subsection ( 1 ) of this section must be made to the group policyholder . However , if the policy is issued as group long - term care insurance as defined in RCW ( 6 ) ( d ) other than to a continuing care retirement community or other similar entity , the offering shall be made to each proposed certificate holder . ( 3 ) The commissioner must adopt rules specifying the type or types of nonforfeiture benefits to be offered as part of long - term care insurance policies and certificates , the standards for nonforfeiture benefits , and the rules regarding contingent benefit upon lapse , including a determination of the specified period of time during which a contingent benefit upon lapse will be available and the substantial premium rate increase that triggers a contingent benefit upon lapse . 2008 c 145 ยง 13 . 48.83.130 Selling , soliciting , or negotiating coverage โ Licensed insurance producers โ Training โ Issuers duties โ Rules . A person may not sell , solicit , or negotiate long - term care insurance unless he or she is appropriately licensed as an insurance producer and has successfully completed long - term care coverage education that meets the requirements of this section . ( 1 ) All long - term care education required by this chapter must meet the requirements of chapter 48.17 RCW and rules adopted by the commissioner . ( 2 ) ( a ) ( i ) After January 1 , 2009 , prior to soliciting , selling , or negotiating long - term care insurance coverage , an insurance producer must successfully complete a one - time education course consisting of no fewer than eight hours on long - term care coverage , long - term care services , state and federal regulations and requirements for long - term care and qualified long - term care insurance coverage , changes or improvements in long - term care services or providers , alternatives to the purchase of long ( ii ) In order to continue soliciting , selling , or negotiating long - term care coverage in this state , all insurance producers selling , soliciting , or negotiating long - term care insurance coverage prior to January 1 , 2009 , must successfully complete the eight - hour , one - time long - term care education and training course no later than July 1 , 2009 . ( b ) In addition to the one - time education and training requirement set forth in ( a ) of this subsection , insurance producers who engage in the solicitation , sale , or negotiation of long - term care insurance coverage must successfully complete no fewer than four hours every twenty - four months of continuing education specific to long - term care insurance coverage and issues . Long - term care insurance coverage continuing education shall consist of topics related to long - term care insurance , long - term care services , and , if applicable ( i ) State and federal regulations and requirements and the relationship between qualified state long - term care insurance partnership programs and other public and private coverage of long - term care services , including medicaid ; ( ii ) Available long - term care services and providers ; ( iii ) Changes or improvements in long - term care services or providers ; ( iv ) Alternatives to the purchase of private long - term care insurance ; ( v ) The effect of inflation on benefits and the importance of inflation protection ; ( vi ) This chapter and chapters 48.84 and 48.85 RCW ; and ( vii ) Consumer suitability standards and guidelines . ( 3 ) The insurance producer education required by this section shall not include training that is issuer or company product - specific or that includes any sales or marketing information , materials , or training , other than those required by state or federal law . ( 4 ) Issuers shall obtain verification that an insurance producer receives training required by this section before that producer is permitted to sell , solicit , or otherwise negotiate the issuer ' s long - term care insurance products . ( 5 ) Issuers shall maintain records subject to the state ' s record retention requirements and shall make evidence of that verification available to the commissioner upon request . ( 6 ) ( a ) Issuers shall maintain records with respect to the training of its producers concerning the distribution of its long - term care partnership policies that will allow the commissioner to provide assurance to the state department of social and health services , medicaid division , that insurance producers engaged in the sale of long - term care insurance contracts have received the training required by this section and any rules adopted by the commissioner , and that producers have demonstrated an understanding of the partnership policies and their relationship to public and private coverage of ( b ) These records shall be maintained in accordance with the state ' s record retention requirements and shall be made available to the commissioner upon request . ( 7 ) The satisfaction of these training requirements for any state shall be deemed to satisfy the training requirements of this state . 2008 c 145 ยง 14 . 48.83.140 Determining whether coverage is appropriate โ Suitability standards โ Information protected โ Rules . Issuers and their agents , if any , must determine whether issuing long - term care insurance coverage to a particular person is appropriate , except in the case of a life insurance policy that accelerates benefits for long - term care . ( 1 ) An issuer must : ( a ) Develop and use suitability standards to determine whether the purchase or replacement of long - term care coverage is appropriate for the needs of the applicant or insured ; ( b ) Train its agents in the use of the issuer ' s suitability standards ; and ( c ) Maintain a copy of its suitability standards and make the standards available for inspection , upon request . ( 2 ) The following must be considered when determining whether the applicant meets the issuer ' s suitability standards : ( a ) The ability of the applicant to pay for the proposed coverage and any other relevant financial information related to the purchase of or payment for coverage ; ( b ) The applicant ' s goals and needs with respect to long - term care and the advantages and disadvantages of long - term care coverage to meet those goals or needs ; and ( c ) The values , benefits , and costs of the applicant ' s existing health or long - term care coverage , if any , when compared to the values , benefits , and costs of the recommended purchase or replacement . ( 3 ) The sale or transfer of any suitability information provided to the issuer or agent by the applicant to any other person or business entity is prohibited . ( 4 ) ( a ) The commissioner shall adopt , by rule , forms of consumer - friendly personal worksheets that issuers and their agents must use for applications for long - term care coverage . ( b ) The commissioner may require each issuer to file its current forms of suitability standards and personal worksheets with the commissioner . 2008 c 145 ยง 15 . 48.83.150 Prohibited practices . A person engaged in the issuance or solicitation of long - term care coverage shall not engage in unfair methods of competition or unfair or deceptive acts or practices , as such methods , acts , or practices are defined in chapter 48.30 RCW , or as defined by the commissioner . 2008 c 145 ยง 16 . 48.83.160 Violations โ Fine . An issuer or an insurance producer who violates a law or rule relating to the regulation of long - term care insurance or its marketing shall be subject to a fine of up to three times the amount of the commission paid for each policy involved in the violation or up to ten thousand dollars , whichever is greater . 2008 c 145 ยง 17 . 48.83.170 Rules , generally . ( 1 ) The commissioner must adopt rules that include standards for full and fair disclosure setting forth the manner , content , and required disclosures for the sale of long - term care insurance policies , terms of renewability , initial and subsequent conditions of eligibility , nonduplication of coverage provisions , coverage of dependents , preexisting conditions , termination of insurance , continuation or conversion , probationary periods , limitations , exceptions , reductions , elimination periods , requirements for replacement , recurrent conditions , and definitions of terms . The commissioner must adopt rules establishing loss ratio ( 2 ) The commissioner must adopt rules establishing standards protecting patient privacy rights , rights to receive confidential health care services , and standards for an issuer ' s timely review of a claim denial upon request of a covered person . ( 3 ) The commissioner must adopt by rule prompt payment requirements for long - term care insurance . The rules must include a definition of a " claim " and a definition of " clean claim . " In adopting the rules the commissioner must consider the prompt payment requirements in long - term care insurance model acts developed by the national association of insurance commissioners . ( 4 ) The commissioner may adopt reasonable rules to effectuate any provision of this chapter in accordance with the requirements of chapter 34.05 RCW . 2013 c 8 ยง 2 ; 2008 c 145 ยง 18 . 48.83.901 Effective date โ 2008 c 145 . This act takes effect January 1 , 2009 . 2008 c 145 ยง 24 . | [
"Chapter 48.83",
"48.83 RCW"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9A.52.070 | Print RCWs > Title 9A > Chapter 9A . 52 Section 9A . 52 . 070 9A . 52 . 060 < < 9A . 52 . 070 > > 9A . 52 . 080 RCW 9A . 52 . 070 Criminal trespass in the first degree . ( 1 ) A person is guilty of criminal trespass in the first degree if he or she knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a building . ( 2 ) Criminal trespass in the first degree is a gross misdemeanor . 2011 c 336 ยง 372 ; 1979 ex . s . c 244 ยง 12 ; 1975 1st ex . s . c 260 ยง 9A . 52 . 070 . NOTES : Effective date 1979 ex . s . c 244 : See RCW 9A . 44 . 902 | [
"Criminal trespass"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=296-155-270 | Print WACs > Title 296 > Chapter 296 - 155 Section 296 - 155 - 270 296 - 155 - 265 < < 296 - 155 - 270 > > 296 - 155 - 275 Agency filings affecting this section WAC 296 - 155 - 270 Flammable liquids . ( 1 ) General requirements . ( a ) You must use only approved containers and portable tanks for storage and handling of flammable liquids . You must use approved metal safety cans , or department of transportation approved containers for the handling and use of flammable liquids in quantities 5 gallons or less , except that this does not apply to those flammable liquid materials which are highly viscid ( extremely hard to pour ) , which may be used and handled in original shipping containers . For quantities of one gallon or less , only the original container may be used for storage , ( b ) You must not store flammable liquids in areas used for exits , stairways , or normally used for the safe passage of people . ( c ) You must legibly mark flammable liquid containers to indicate their contents . Each storage container for flammable liquids , with a capacity of 50 gallons or more , must have the contents of the container identified by a sign of clearly visible contrasting colors with letters at least 3 inches high , painted on the container at the discharge valve and at the fill point . ( d ) You must not use gasoline as a solvent or a cleaning agent . ( 2 ) Indoor storage of flammable liquids . ( a ) You must not store more than 25 gallons of flammable liquids in a room outside of an approved storage cabinet . For storage of liquid petroleum gas , see WAC 296 - 155 - 275 ( b ) You must store quantities of flammable liquid in excess of 25 gallons in an acceptable or approved cabinet meeting the following requirements : ( i ) Acceptable wooden storage cabinets must be constructed in the following manner , or equivalent : The bottom , sides , and top must be constructed of an exterior grade of plywood at least 1 inch in thickness , which must not break down or delaminate under standard fire test conditions . All joints must be rabbeted and must be fastened in two directions with flathead wood screws , when more than one door is used , there must be a rabbeted overlap of not less than 1 inch . Steel hinges must be mounted in such a ( ii ) Approved metal storage cabinets will be acceptable . ( iii ) Cabinets must be labeled in conspicuous lettering , " Flammable โ Keep Away from Open Flames . " ( c ) You must not store more than 60 gallons of Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids or 120 gallons of Category 4 flammable liquids in any one storage cabinet . Not more than 3 such cabinets may be located in a single storage area . You must store quantities in excess of this in an inside storage room . ( d ) ( i ) Inside storage rooms must be constructed to meet the required fire - resistive rating for their use . Such construction must comply with the test specifications set forth in Standard Methods of Fire Test of Building Construction and Material , NFPA 251 - 1972 . ( ii ) Where an automatic extinguishing system is provided , the system must be designed and installed in an approved manner . Openings to other rooms or buildings must be provided with noncombustible liquid - tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 inches in height , or the floor in the storage area must be at least 4 inches below the surrounding floor . Openings must be provided with approved self - closing fire doors . The room must be liquid - tight where the walls join the floor . A permissible alternate to the sill or ramp ( iii ) You must not store materials which will react with water and create a fire hazard in the same room with flammable liquids . ( iv ) Storage in inside storage rooms must comply with Table D - 2 following : TABLE D - 2 Fire protection provided Fire resistance Maximum size Total allowable quantities gals . / sq . ft . / floor area Yes 2 hrs . 500 sq . ft . 10 No 2 hrs . 500 sq . ft . 4 Yes 1 hr . 150 sq . ft . 5 No 1 hr . 150 sq . ft . 2 Note : Fire protection system must be sprinkler , water spray , carbon dioxide or other system approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory for this purpose . ( v ) Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside storage rooms must be approved for Class 1 , Division 1 , hazardous locations . For definition of Class 1 , Division 1 , hazardous locations , see WAC 296 - 155 - 456 ( vi ) You must provide every inside storage room with either a gravity or a mechanical exhausting system . Such system must commence not more than 12 inches above the floor and be designed to provide for a complete change of air within the room at least 6 times per hour . If a mechanical exhausting system is used , it must be controlled by a switch located outside of the door . The ventilating equipment and any lighting fixtures must be operated by the same switch . An electric pilot light must be installed adjacent to the switch ( vii ) In every inside storage room you must maintain one clear aisle at least 3 feet wide . You must not stack containers over 30 gallons capacity one upon the other . ( viii ) You must store flammable liquids in excess of that permitted in inside storage rooms outside of buildings in accordance with subsection ( 3 ) of this section . ( 3 ) Storage outside buildings . ( a ) Storage of containers ( not more than 60 gallons each ) must not exceed 1,100 gallons in any one pile or area . You must separate piles or groups of containers by a 5 - foot clearance . Piles or groups of containers must not be nearer than 20 feet to a building . ( b ) Within 200 feet of each pile of containers , there must be a 12 - foot - wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus . ( c ) The storage area must be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures , or must be surrounded by a curb or earth dike at least 12 inches high . When curbs or dikes are used , you must make provisions for draining off accumulations of ground or rain water , or spills of flammable liquids . Drains must terminate at a safe location and must be accessible to operation under fire conditions . ( d ) Outdoor portable tank storage . ( i ) Portable tanks must not be nearer than 20 feet from any building . Two or more portable tanks , grouped together , having a combined capacity in excess of 2,200 gallons , must be separated by a 5 - foot - clear area . Individual portable tanks exceeding 1,100 gallons must be separated by a 5 - foot - clear area . ( ii ) Within 200 feet of each portable tank , there must be a 12 - foot - wide access way to permit approach of fire control apparatus . ( e ) You must keep storage areas free of weeds , debris , and other combustible material not necessary to the storage . ( f ) You must provide portable tanks , not exceeding 660 gallons , with emergency venting and other devices , as required by chapters III and IV of NFPA 30 - 1972 , The Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code . ( g ) Portable tanks , in excess of 660 gallons , must have emergency venting and other devices , as required by chapters II and III of the Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code , NFPA 30 - 1972 . ( 4 ) Fire control for flammable liquid storage . ( a ) You must locate at least one portable fire extinguisher , having a rating of not less than 20 - B units , outside of , but not more than 10 feet from , the door opening into any room used for storage of more than 60 gallons of flammable liquids . ( b ) You must locate at least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20 - B units not less than 25 feet , nor more than 75 feet , from any flammable liquid storage area located outside . ( c ) When sprinklers are provided , they must be installed in accordance with the Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems , NFPA 13 - 1972 . ( d ) You must provide at least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20 - B : C units on all tank trucks or other vehicles used for transporting and / or dispensing flammable liquids . Note : For additional requirements relating to portable fire extinguishers see WAC 296 - 800 - 300 ( 5 ) Dispensing liquids . ( a ) You must separate areas in which flammable liquids are transferred at the same time , in quantities greater than 5 gallons from one tank or container to another tank or container , from other operations by 25 - feet distance or by construction having a fire - resistance of at least one hour . You must provide drainage or other means to control spills . You must provide adequate natural or mechanical ventilation to maintain the concentration of flammable vapor at or below 10 percent of the lower flammable limit . ( b ) You must transfer Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids from one container to another only when containers are electrically interconnected ( bonded ) . ( c ) You must draw from or transfer flammable liquids into vessels , containers , or tanks within a building or outside only through a closed piping system , from safety cans , by means of a device drawing through the top , or from a container , or portable tanks , by gravity or pump , through an approved self - closing valve . You must not transfer by means of air pressure on the container or portable tank . ( d ) You must protect the dispensing units against collision damage . ( e ) Dispensing devices and nozzles for Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids must be of an approved type , as required by WAC 296 - 24 - 33015 ( 6 ) Handling liquids at point of final use . ( a ) You must keep Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids in closed containers when not actually in use . ( b ) You must dispose of leakage or spillage of flammable liquids promptly and safely . ( c ) You must only use Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids where there are no open flames or other sources of ignition within 50 feet of the operation , unless conditions warrant greater clearance . ( 7 ) Service and refueling areas . ( a ) You must store flammable liquids in approved closed containers , in tanks located underground , or in aboveground portable tanks . ( b ) The tank trucks must comply with the requirements covered in the Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liquids , NFPA No . 385 - 1977 . ( c ) The dispensing hose must be an approved type . ( d ) The dispensing nozzle must be an approved automatic - closing type . ( e ) You must not abandon underground tanks . ( f ) You must provide clearly identified and easily accessible switch ( es ) at a location remote from dispensing devices to shut off the power to all dispensing devices in the event of an emergency . ( g ) ( i ) Heating equipment of an approved type may be installed in the lubrication or service area where there is no dispensing or transferring of Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids , provided the bottom of the heating unit is at least 18 inches above the floor and is protected from physical damage . ( ii ) Heating equipment installed in lubrication or service areas , where Category 1 , 2 , or 3 flammable liquids are dispensed , must be of an approved type for garages , and must be installed at least 8 feet above the floor . ( h ) You must ensure that there is no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling , servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines , receiving or dispensing of flammable liquids . ( i ) You must post conspicuous and legible signs prohibiting smoking . ( j ) You must shut off the motor of any equipment being fueled during the fueling operation . ( k ) You must provide each service or fueling area with at least one fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20BC located so that an extinguisher will be within 75 feet of each pump , dispenser , underground fill pipe opening , and lubrication or service area . For additional requirements relating to portable fire extinguishers see WAC 296 - 800 - 300 [ Statutory Authority : RCW 49.17.010 49.17.040 49.17.050 49.17.060 . WSR 16 - 09 - 085 , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 4 / 19 / 16 , effective 5 / 20 / 16 . Statutory Authority : RCW 49.17.010 49.17.040 49.17.050 49.17.060 and 29 C.F.R. 1910 Subpart Z . WSR 14 - 07 - 086 , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 3 / 18 / 14 , effective 5 / 1 / 14 . Statutory Authority : RCW , [ 49.17 ] .040 , and [ 49.17 ] .050 . WSR 01 - 17 - 033 , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 8 / 8 / 01 , effective 9 / 1 / 01 ; WSR 99 - 17 - 094 , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 8 / 17 / 99 , effective 12 / 1 / 99 . Statutory Authority : Chapter 49.17 RCW . WSR 88 - 23 - 054 ( Order 88 - 25 ) , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 11 / 14 / 88 . Statutory Authority : RCW and . WSR 86 - 03 - 074 ( Order 86 - 14 ) , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 1 / 21 / 86 ; Order 74 - 26 , ยง 296 - 155 - 270 , filed 5 / 7 / 74 , effective 6 / 6 / 74 . ] | [
"Flammable liquids",
"portable tanks",
"original shipping containers"
] |
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=458-20-102 | Print WACs > Title 458 > Chapter 458 - 20 Section 458 - 20 - 102 458 - 20 - 101 < < 458 - 20 - 102 > > 458 - 20 - 10201 Agency filings affecting this section WAC 458 - 20 - 102 Reseller permits . ( 1 ) Introduction . This rule provides information about reseller permits issued by the department of revenue ( department ) . The department issues reseller permits to businesses that make wholesale purchases , such as retailers , wholesalers , manufacturers , and qualified contractors . The permits allow the businesses to purchase certain items or services without paying retail sales tax . ( a ) Other rules that may apply . Readers may want to refer to other rules for additional information , including those in the following list : ( i ) WAC 458 - 20 - 101 ( Tax registration and tax reporting ) for information on who is required to register and file returns ; ( ii ) WAC 458 - 20 - 10201 ( Application process and eligibility requirements for reseller permits ) for information about the application process and eligibility requirements for obtaining a reseller permit ; ( iii ) WAC 458 - 20 - 10202 ( Brief adjudicative proceedings for matters related to reseller permits ) for information about the procedures for appealing the denial of an application for a reseller permit ; ( iv ) WAC 458 - 20 - 102A ( Resale certificates ) for information about resale certificate documentation requirements for wholesale sales occurring before January 1 , 2010 ; and ( v ) WAC 458 - 20 - 192 ( Indian - Indian country ) for information on the extent of the state ' s authority to regulate and impose tax in Indian country . ( b ) Examples . Examples found in this rule identify a number of facts and then state a conclusion . These examples should be used only as a general guide . The tax results of other situations must be determined after a review of all the facts and circumstances . ( 2 ) What is a reseller permit ? A reseller permit is a document issued to a business by the department that the business provides to a seller to substantiate a wholesale purchase . Each reseller permit contains a unique identifying number . Businesses should keep the original permit and make and distribute copies of the permit to sellers from whom they make wholesale purchases as described in subsection ( 6 ) of this rule . Sellers may store copies of reseller permits in either paper or electronic format . The reseller permit document issued by the department contains an optional , blank " Notes " section in which the permit holder may provide additional information , such as a description of the items or services the permit holder wishes to purchase at wholesale . ( 3 ) Who may use a reseller permit ? The buyer may authorize any person in its employ to use a copy of the buyer ' s reseller permit on the buyer ' s behalf . However , misuse of the reseller permit subjects the buyer to : โข Revocation of the reseller permit ; โข Penalties as provided in RCW 82.32.290 and 82.32.291 ; and โข Tax , interest , and any other penalties imposed by law . The buyer is responsible for educating all persons authorized to use the reseller permit on the proper use of the buyer ' s reseller permit . ( 4 ) How long is a reseller permit effective ? Except as otherwise provided in this subsection , a reseller permit is generally valid for a period of forty - eight months from the date of issuance , renewal , or reinstatement . ( a ) Conditions when permit is effective for twenty - four months . A reseller permit is valid for an initial period of twenty - four months and may be renewed for a period of forty - eight months , if the permit is issued to a taxpayer who : ( i ) Is not required to be registered with the department under RCW 82.32.030 ( ii ) Has been registered with the department under RCW 82.32.030 for a continuous period of less than one year as of the date that the department received the taxpayer ' s application for a reseller permit ; ( iii ) Was on nonreporting status as authorized under RCW 82.32.045 at the time the department received the taxpayer ' s application for a reseller permit or to renew or reinstate a reseller permit ; ( iv ) Has filed excise tax returns reporting no business activity for purposes of retail sales and business and occupation ( B&O ) taxes for the twelve - month period immediately preceding the date that the department received the taxpayer ' s application for a reseller permit or to renew or reinstate a reseller permit ; or ( v ) Has failed to file excise tax returns covering any part of the twelve - month period immediately preceding the department ' s receipt of the taxpayer ' s application for a reseller permit or to renew or reinstate a reseller permit . ( b ) Federally recognized Indian tribe . The provisions of ( a ) of this subsection do not apply to reseller permits issued to any business owned by a federally recognized Indian tribe or by an enrolled member of a federally recognized Indian tribe , if the business does not engage in any business activity that subjects the business to the B&O tax ( chapter 82.04 RCW ) . A permit issued to such business is valid for forty - eight months from the date of issuance , renewal , or reinstatement . ( c ) Contractors . A reseller permit issued , renewed , or reinstated to a " contractor " as defined in WAC ( 101 ) is valid for a period of twenty - four months from the date of issuance , renewal , or reinstatement . ( d ) Renewal of reseller permit . An application to renew a reseller permit can not be made more than ninety days before the expiration of the reseller permit . ( e ) Business ownership change . A new reseller permit is required whenever a change in the ownership of the buyer ' s business requires a new tax registration . The new business may not make purchases under the authority of the reseller permit issued to the business before the change in ownership . ( f ) Revoked or invalid reseller permit . Purchases may not be made under the authority of a reseller permit that has been revoked by the department or is otherwise invalid . For more information about reseller permit revocation or other invalidation of reseller permits , see subsection ( 14 ) of this rule . ( 5 ) Sales at wholesale . All sales are treated as retail sales unless the seller takes from the buyer a copy of a reseller permit , a uniform exemption certificate authorized by RCW 82.04.470 , or obtains the data elements described in subsection ( 7 ) of this rule . Reseller permits may only be used for sales at wholesale and generally may not be used as proof of entitlement to retail sales tax exemptions otherwise provided by law . ( 6 ) When may a buyer use a reseller permit ? The buyer may use a reseller permit only when making wholesale purchases . ( See RCW 82.04.060 for additional information . ) The reseller permit may not be used when making tax - exempt retail purchases . ( 7 ) Seller ' s responsibilities . The seller has the burden of proving that the buyer had a reseller permit at the time of sale . A seller may meet that burden by taking from the buyer , at the time of sale or within one hundred twenty days after the sale , a copy of the reseller permit issued to the buyer by the department under RCW 82.32.780 or 82.32.783 Registered buyer . In lieu of a copy of a reseller permit issued by the department , pursuant to RCW 82.04.470 a seller may accept from a buyer that is required to be registered with the department under RCW ( i ) A properly completed uniform exemption certificate approved by the streamlined sales and use tax agreement governing board ; or ( ii ) Any other exemption certificate authorized by the department and properly completed by the buyer . Inclusion of reseller permit number . Certificates authorized in ( a ) of this subsection must include the reseller permit number issued by the department to the buyer . ( c ) Seller not required to verify buyer ' s registration . A seller that accepts exemption certificates authorized in ( a ) of this subsection is not required to verify with the department whether the buyer is required to be registered with the department under RCW . Nothing in ( c ) of this subsection may be construed to modify any of the provisions of RCW 82.08.050 ( d ) Buyer not required to be registered . In lieu of a copy of a reseller permit issued by the department , pursuant to RCW a seller may accept from a buyer that is not required to be registered with the department under RCW ( i ) A properly completed uniform sales and use tax exemption certificate developed by the multistate tax commission ; ( ii ) A properly completed uniform exemption certificate approved by the streamlined sales and use tax agreement governing board ; or ( iii ) Any other exemption certificate authorized by the department and properly completed by the buyer . The Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement Certificate of Exemption and the Multistate Tax Commission Uniform Sales and Use Tax Exemption Certificate may each be obtained on the department ' s web site at dor . wa . gov ( e ) Seller not required to verify buyer ' s requirement to be registered . A seller that accepts a uniform exemption certificate authorized in ( d ) of this subsection is not required to verify with the department whether the buyer is required to be registered with the department under RCW . Nothing in this subsection ( 7 ) ( e ) may be construed to modify any of the provisions of RCW 82.08.050 ( f ) Data elements . In lieu of obtaining a reseller permit or the documentation in ( a ) or ( d ) of this subsection , RCW authorizes a seller to capture the relevant data elements as allowed under the streamlined sales and use tax agreement . " Data elements " are the information required to be supplied on the actual Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement Certificate of Exemption including : Name , address , type of business , reason for exemption , reseller permit number as applicable in this rule , identification number required by the state to which the sale is sourced , state and country issuing identification number , and if a paper form is used , the signature of the purchaser . ( g ) The term " reseller permit . " For purposes of this rule , unless otherwise specified , the term " reseller permit " hereinafter contemplates all of the following : A copy of a reseller permit , a uniform exemption certificate authorized by RCW as described in ( a ) and ( d ) of this subsection , or data elements as described in ( f ) of this subsection . ( h ) Seller must provide documentation or information . If the seller has not obtained a reseller permit or the documentation described in ( a ) , ( b ) , ( d ) , or ( f ) of this subsection , the seller is liable for the tax due unless it proves by establishing facts and circumstances that show the sale was properly made at wholesale . The department will consider all evidence presented by the seller , including the circumstances of the sales transaction itself , when determining whether the seller has met its burden . It is the seller ' s responsibility to provide the โข The nature of the buyer ' s business . The items being purchased at wholesale must be consistent with the buyer ' s business . For example , a buyer having a business name of " Ace Used Cars " would generally not be expected to be in the business of selling furniture ; โข The nature of the items sold . The items sold must be of a type that would normally be purchased at wholesale by the buyer ; and โข Additional documentation . Other available documents , such as purchase orders and shipping instructions , should be considered in determining whether they support a finding that the sales are sales at wholesale . ( i ) Annual electronic verification . Per RCW a seller that maintains records establishing that it uses electronic means to verify , at least once per calendar year , the validity of its customers ' reseller permits need not take a copy of a reseller permit or other documentation or the data elements as authorized in ( a ) , ( d ) , or ( f ) of this subsection for wholesale sales to those customers with valid reseller permits as confirmed by the department for all sales occurring within twelve months following the date that the seller last electronically verified the validity of its customers ' ( j ) May a seller request a refund for sales tax paid out - of - pocket after obtaining appropriate documentation ? If the seller is required to make payment to the department , and later is able to prove through proper documentation or by facts and circumstances that the sales in question were wholesale sales , the seller may in writing request a refund of the taxes paid along with the applicable interest . Both the request and the documentation or proof that the sales in question were wholesale sales must be submitted to the department within the statutory time limitations provided by RCW 82.32.060 . For information on requesting refunds see WAC 458 - 20 - 229 . In the event of an audit , refer to ( m ) of this subsection . ( k ) Timing requirements for single orders with multiple billings . If a single order or contract will result in multiple billings to the buyer , and a reseller permit was not obtained by the seller or on file with the seller at the time the order was placed or the contract entered , the seller may obtain a reseller permit within one hundred twenty days after the first billing . For example , a subcontractor entering into a construction contract for which it has not received a reseller permit must obtain it within one hundred twenty days of the initial construction draw request , even though the construction project may ( l ) Proof of wholesale sales obtained , from a buyer not required to be registered , after one hundred twenty days have passed from sale date . If proof that a sale was a wholesale sale is obtained more than one hundred twenty days after the sale or sales in question , the nonregistered buyer must specifically identify the sale or sales to which it applies . Certificates , such as a uniform exemption certificate , must be accompanied by other documentation signed by the buyer specifically identifying the sales in question and stating that the provisions of the accompanying certificate apply . A nonspecific certificate that is not obtained within one hundred twenty days is generally not , in and of itself , acceptable proof of 82.32.050 ( m ) Additional time to secure documentation in an audit . If during an audit the department discovers that the seller has not secured , as described in this subsection , the necessary certificates and / or documentation , the seller will generally be allowed one hundred twenty days in which to obtain and present appropriate certificates and / or documentation , or prove by facts and circumstances the sales in question were wholesale sales . The time allotted to the seller will commence from the date the auditor initially provides the seller with the results of the auditor ' s wholesale sales review . The department will not delay processing ( 8 ) Department ' s reseller permit verification system . Pursuant to RCW 82.32.785 , the department has developed a system available on its web site that allows sellers to voluntarily verify whether their customers ' reseller permits are valid . Sellers are not obligated to use the verification system . The system is accessible at the department ' s web site at dor . wa . gov . Information available on the system includes the name of the permit holder , the status of the reseller permit , and the expiration date of the permit . ( 9 ) Penalty for improper use of reseller permit . If any buyer improperly uses a reseller permit number , reseller permit , or other documentation authorized under RCW to purchase items or services at retail without payment of sales tax that is legally due on the purchase , the department must assess against that buyer a penalty of fifty percent of the tax due on the improperly purchased item or service . See RCW 82.32.291 . This penalty is in addition to all other taxes , penalties , and interest due , and applies even if there was no intent to evade the payment of retail sales tax . The penalty will be assessed by the department and applies only to the buyer . However , see subsection ( 13 ) of this rule for situations in which the department must waive the penalty . Improper use of reseller permit . A buyer that purchases items or services at retail without payment of sales tax legally due on the purchase is deemed to have improperly used a reseller permit number , reseller permit , or other documentation authorized under RCW to purchase the items or services without payment of sales tax and is subject to the penalty described above in this subsection if the buyer : ( i ) Furnished to the seller a reseller permit number , a reseller permit or copy of a reseller permit , or other documentation authorized under RCW to avoid payment of sales tax legally due on the purchase ; or ( ii ) Purchased from a seller that had previously used electronic means to verify the validity of the buyer ' s reseller permit with the department and , as a result , did not require the buyer to provide a copy of its reseller permit or furnish other documentation authorized under RCW to document the wholesale nature of the purchase . In such cases , the buyer bears the burden of proving that the purchases made without payment of sales tax were qualified purchases or the buyer remitted deferred sales tax directly to the department . The buyer not realizing that sales tax was not paid at the time of purchase is not reason for waiving the penalty . Persons purchasing articles or services for dual purposes ( i.e. , some for their own consumption and some for resale ) should refer to subsection ( 12 ) of this rule to determine whether they may furnish a reseller permit to the seller . Examples . ( i ) Example 1 . During a routine audit examination of a jewelry store , the department discovers that a dentist has furnished a reseller permit for the purchase of a necklace . The " Notes " section of the reseller permit indicates that in addition to operating a dentistry practice , the dentist also sells jewelry . The jewelry store correctly accepted the reseller permit as appropriate documentation . Upon further investigation , the department finds that the dentist is not engaged in selling jewelry . The department will impose the retail sales tax , interest , and the fifty percent penalty for improper use of the reseller permit against the dentist . ( ii ) Example 2 . M&M Plumbing Supply ( M&M ) has several regular customers that make purchases at wholesale . M&M uses the department ' s reseller permit verification system to find all regular customers that have a reseller permit . M&M keeps the required data elements in its system and begins to make wholesale sales to all customers the system shows have a reseller permit . While it is best for sellers to ensure customers intend to purchase at wholesale , in this case , M&M has satisfied its requirement to ensure that customers making wholesale purchases have reseller permits . It is ( iii ) Example 3 . ABC Bank hired Sam ' s Clean - Up Services ( Sam ' s ) to provide a variety of services at properties they had foreclosed on and owned . Sam ' s has provided services such as securing the sites , winterizing , and making safety repairs . Other services provided included lawn and yard services , debris removal , cleaning fixtures , repairing walls and painting . These types of services on foreclosed properties are generally retail sales and the use of a reseller permit by ABC Bank is a misuse of it . The department will impose ( 10 ) Sales to nonresident buyers . If the buyer is a nonresident , not engaged in business in this state and is not required to be registered with the department under RCW but buys articles here for the purpose of resale in the regular course of business outside this state , the seller may accept the following from the buyer in lieu of a reseller permit : ( a ) A properly completed uniform sales and use tax exemption certificate developed by the multistate tax commission ; or ( b ) A properly completed uniform exemption certificate approved by the streamlined sales and use tax agreement governing board . Nonresident buyers who are not required to be registered with the department under RCW also may apply for and receive a reseller permit . For more information about the application process and eligibility requirements for reseller permits , see WAC ( 11 ) Sales to farmers . Farmers selling agricultural products only at wholesale are generally not required to register with the department . ( See WAC Tax registration and tax reporting . ) Registered farmers . Farmers who are required to be registered with the department must obtain a reseller permit to substantiate wholesale purchases . In lieu of a copy of a reseller permit issued by the department , a seller may accept from a registered farmer a properly completed Farmers ' Certificate for Wholesale Purchases and Sales Tax Exemptions as long as that certificate includes the reseller permit number issued by the department to the farmer . See RCW Unregistered farmers . Farmers not required to be registered with the department may provide , and the seller may accept , any of the following documents to substantiate the wholesale nature of a purchase in lieu of a reseller permit : ( i ) A Farmers ' Certificate for Wholesale Purchases and Sales Tax Exemptions ; ( ii ) A properly completed uniform sales and use tax exemption certificate developed by the multistate tax commission ; or ( iii ) A properly completed uniform exemption certificate approved by the streamlined sales and use tax agreement governing board . Farmers who are not required to be registered with the department may apply for and receive a reseller permit . For more information about the application process and eligibility requirements for reseller permits , see WAC ( 12 ) Purchases for dual purposes . A buyer normally engaged in both consuming and reselling certain types of tangible personal property , and not able to determine at the time of purchase whether the particular property purchased will be consumed or resold , must purchase according to the general nature of the buyer ' s business . RCW 82.08.130 . If the buyer principally consumes the articles in question , the buyer should not give a reseller permit for any part of the purchase . If the buyer principally resells the articles , the buyer may furnish a reseller permit for the entire purchase . For the purposes of this subsection , the term " principally " means greater than fifty percent . Deferred sales tax liability . If the buyer gives a reseller permit for all purchases and thereafter consumes some of the articles purchased , the buyer must remit the deferred sales tax on the value of the article used to the department . The deferred sales tax liability should be reported under the use tax classification on the buyer ' s excise tax return . ( i ) Buyers making purchases for dual purposes under the provisions of a reseller permit must remit deferred sales tax on all products or services they consume . If the buyer fails to make a good faith effort to remit this tax liability , the penalty for the misuse of a reseller permit will be assessed on the unremitted portion of the deferred sales tax liability . A buyer will generally be considered to be making a good faith effort to report its deferred sales tax liability if the buyer discovers a minimum of eighty percent of its deferred sales tax liability within one hundred twenty days of purchase , and remits the full amount of the discovered tax liability on the next excise tax return . However , the penalty will not be assessed if the buyer does not satisfy the eighty percent threshold but can show by other facts and circumstances that it made a good faith effort to report its tax liability . Likewise ( ii ) Example 4 . This example illustrates the use of a reseller permit for dual - use purchases . BC Contracting operates as both a prime contractor and speculative builder of residential homes . BC Contracting purchases building materials from seller that are principally incorporated into projects upon which BC acts as a prime contractor . BC provides seller with a reseller permit and purchases all building materials at wholesale . BC must remit deferred sales tax for all building materials incorporated into the speculative projects to be considered to be properly using its reseller permit . Tax paid at source deduction . If the buyer does not provide a reseller permit to the seller but pays retail sales tax on all articles of tangible personal property , and subsequently resells a portion of the articles , the buyer must collect retail sales tax from its retail customers as provided by law . When reporting these sales on the excise tax return , the buyer may then claim a deduction to recover the sales tax paid for the property resold . ( i ) This deduction may be claimed under the retail sales tax classification only . It must be identified as a " taxable amount for tax paid at source " deduction on the deduction detail worksheet , which must be filed with the excise tax return . Failure to properly identify the deduction may result in the disallowance of the deduction . When completing the local sales tax portion of the tax return , the deduction must be computed at the local sales tax rate paid to the seller , and credited to the seller ' s tax location Example 5 . This example illustrates the tax paid at source deduction . A seller is located in Spokane and purchases equipment parts for dual purposes from a supplier located in Seattle . The supplier ships the parts to Spokane . The seller does not furnish a reseller permit for the purchase , and remits retail sales tax to the supplier at the Spokane tax rate . A portion of these parts are sold and shipped to a customer in Kennewick , with retail sales tax collected at the Kennewick tax rate . The seller must report the amount of the sale to the customer on its excise tax return and compute the ( iii ) The department will allow the claim for deduction only if the taxpayer keeps and preserves records in support of the deduction that include the names of the persons from whom it purchased such articles , the dates of the purchases , the types of articles , the amounts of the purchases and the amounts of tax it paid . ( iv ) Should the buyer resell the articles at wholesale , or under other situations where retail sales tax is not to be collected , the claim for the tax paid at source deduction on a particular excise tax return may result in a credit . In such cases , the department will issue a credit notice that may be used against future tax liabilities . Alternatively , a taxpayer may request in writing a refund from the department . ( 13 ) Waiver of penalty for misuse of reseller permits . The department will waive the penalty imposed for misuse of reseller permits if it finds that the use of the reseller permit number , reseller permit , or other documentation authorized under RCW to purchase items or services by a person not entitled to use the reseller permit for that purpose was due to circumstances beyond the control of the buyer or if the reseller permit number , reseller permit , or other documentation authorized under RCW was properly used for purchases for dual purposes and the buyer made a good faith effort to report deferred sales tax . The use of a reseller permit to purchase items or services for personal use outside of the business does not qualify for the waiver or cancellation of the penalty . The penalty also will not be waived merely because the buyer was not aware of either the proper use of the reseller permit or the penalty . In all cases the burden of proving the facts is on the buyer . Example 6 . During a routine audit examination of a computer dealer , the department discovers that a reseller permit was obtained from a bookkeeping service . On further investigation it is discovered that the bookkeeping service had no knowledge of the use of the reseller permit , and had made no payment to the computer dealer . The employee who furnished the reseller permit had purchased the computer for personal use , and had personally paid the computer dealer . The fifty percent penalty for the misuse of the reseller permit will be waived for the bookkeeping service . The bookkeeping service had no knowledge of the purchase and unauthorized use of the reseller permit . However , the department will impose the taxes , interest , and the fifty percent penalty for the misuse of the reseller permit against the employee . ( 14 ) Reseller permit revocation or other invalidation . A reseller permit is no longer valid if the permit holder ' s certificate of registration is revoked , the department closes the permit holder ' s tax reporting account , or the permit holder otherwise ceases to engage in business . Closing of an account . A taxpayer who ceases to engage in business will have its tax reporting account closed by the department . The account can be closed per the request of the taxpayer or administratively by the department . The department will administratively close a tax reporting account if a taxpayer has not reported any gross income or filed a return within the last two years . For more information about administrative closure and reopening of taxpayer accounts , see WAC Reseller permit revocation . The department may revoke a reseller permit of a taxpayer for any of the following reasons : ( i ) The taxpayer used or allowed or caused its reseller permit to be used to purchase any item or service without payment of sales tax , and the taxpayer or other purchaser was not entitled to use the reseller permit for the purchase ; ( ii ) The department issued the reseller permit to the taxpayer in error ; ( iii ) The department determines that the taxpayer is no longer entitled to make purchases at wholesale ; or ( iv ) The department determines that revocation of the reseller permit would be in the best interest of collecting taxes due under Title 82 RCW . Use of invalidated or revoked reseller permit . The department will provide written notice to a taxpayer whose reseller permit has been revoked or whose tax reporting account has been administratively closed by the department as discussed in ( a ) of this subsection . The revocation or invalidation is effective on the date specified in the revocation or invalidation notice . Use of a revoked or invalidated permit will result in the fifty percent penalty for improper use of a reseller permit as discussed in subsection ( 9 ) of this rule . Reinstatement of reseller permit . A taxpayer wishing to have its reseller permit reinstated after invalidation or revocation must apply to the department . For more information about the application process for reseller permits , see WAC Requests for reinstatement . The department may refuse to reinstate a reseller permit revoked under ( b ) ( i ) of this subsection until all taxes , penalties , and interest due on any improperly purchased item or service have been paid in full . In the event a taxpayer whose reseller permit has been revoked under ( b ) ( i ) of this subsection reorganizes , the new business resulting from the reorganization is not entitled to receive a reseller permit from the department until all taxes , penalties , and interest due on any improperly purchased item or service have Business reorganization . For purposes of this subsection , " reorganize " or " reorganization " means : ( i ) The transfer of a majority of the assets of one business to another business , however affected , where any of the persons having an interest in the ownership or management in the former business maintain an ownership or management interest in the new business , either directly or indirectly ; ( ii ) A mere change in identity or form of ownership , however affected ; or ( iii ) The new business is a mere continuation of the former business based on significant shared features such as owners , personnel , assets , or general business activity . ( 15 ) Request for copies . A person must , upon request of the department , provide paper or electronic copies of all reseller permits , or other documentation as authorized in RCW , accepted by that person during the period specified by the department to substantiate wholesale sales . If , instead of the documentation specified in this subsection , the seller has retained the relevant data elements from such permits or other documentation authorized in RCW , as allowed under the streamlined sales and use tax agreement , the seller must provide such data elements to the department . [ Statutory Authority : RCW 82.32.300 and 82.01.060 ( 2 ) . WSR 16 - 06 - 058 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 2 / 25 / 16 , effective 3 / 27 / 16 . Statutory Authority : RCW 82.32.300 82.01.060 ( 2 ) , 82.32.780 , and 82.32.783 . WSR 11 - 12 - 021 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 5 / 24 / 11 , effective 6 / 24 / 11 . Statutory Authority : RCW , and ( 2 ) . WSR 08 - 21 - 103 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 10 / 16 / 08 , effective 11 / 16 / 08 ; WSR 04 - 17 - 024 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 8 / 9 / 04 , effective 9 / 9 / 04 . Statutory Authority : RCW . WSR 94 - 13 - 031 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 6 / 6 / 94 , effective 7 / 7 / 94 ; WSR 86 - 09 - 058 ( Order ET 86 - 7 ) , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 4 / 17 / 86 ; WSR 83 - 07 - 034 ( Order ET 83 - 17 ) , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 , filed 3 / 15 / 83 ; Order ET 70 - 3 , ยง 458 - 20 - 102 ( Rule 102 | [
"WAC",
"sales tax",
"reseller permit"
] |
http://apps.mercurynews.com/election-results/ | California Primary Election 2018 Results Governor Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Gavin Newsom Dem 2343792 337 John H Cox Rep 1766488 254 Antonio Villaraigosa Dem 926394 133 Travis Allen Rep 658798 95 John Chiang Dem 655920 94 Delaine Eastin Dem 234869 34 Amanda Renteria Dem 93446 13 Robert C Newman II Rep 44674 06 Michael Shellenberger Dem 31692 05 Peter Y Liu Rep 27336 04 Yvonne Girard Rep 21840 03 Gloria Estela La Riva PF 19075 03 J Bribiesca Dem 17586 03 Josh Jones Grn 16131 02 Zoltan Istvan Lib 14462 02 Albert Caesar Mezzetti Dem 12026 02 Nickolas Wildstar Lib 11566 02 Robert Davidson Griffis Dem 11103 02 Akinyemi Agbede Dem 9380 01 Thomas Jefferson Cares Dem 8937 01 Christopher N Carlson Grn 7302 01 Klement Tinaj Dem 5368 01 Hakan Hawk Mikado NPP 5346 01 Johnny Wattenburg NPP 4973 01 Desmond Silveira NPP 4633 01 Shubham Goel NPP 4020 01 Jeffrey Edward Taylor NPP 3973 01 Veronika Fimbres Grn 62 00 Arman Soltani NPP 32 00 Peter Crawford Valentino NPP 21 00 K Pearce Rep 8 00 Armando M Arreola NPP 0 00 Lieutenant Governor Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Eleni Kounalakis Dem 1587940 242 Ed Hernandez Dem 1347442 206 Cole Harris Rep 1144003 175 Jeff Bleich Dem 648045 99 David Fennell Rep 515956 79 Lydia Ortega Rep 419512 64 David R Hernandez Rep 404982 62 Gayle McLaughlin NPP 263364 40 Tim Ferreira Lib 99949 15 Cameron Gharabiklou Dem 78267 12 Danny Thomas NPP 44121 07 Marjan S Fariba NPP 18 00 Secretary of State Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Alex Padilla Dem 3475633 526 Mark P Meuser Rep 2047903 310 Ruben Major Dem 355036 54 Raul Rodriguez Jr Rep 330460 50 Gail K Lightfoot Lib 155879 24 Michael Feinstein Grn 136725 21 C T Weber PF 61375 09 Erik Rydberg Grn 48705 07 Controller Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Betty T Yee Dem 4033197 621 Konstantinos Roditis Rep 2200926 339 Mary Lou Finley PF 261876 40 Treasurer Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Fiona Ma Dem 2900606 445 Greg Conlon Rep 1357635 208 Jack M Guerrero Rep 1257315 193 Vivek Viswanathan Dem 848026 130 Kevin Akin PF 148282 23 Attorney General Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Xavier Becerra Dem 3024611 458 Steven C Bailey Rep 1615859 245 Dave Jones Dem 1017427 154 Eric Early Rep 943071 143 Insurance Commissioner Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Steve Poizner NPP 2569254 410 Ricardo Lara Dem 2538478 405 Asif Mahmood Dem 846023 135 Nathalie Hrizi PF 316149 50 Board of Equalization Member District 1 Districtwide Results 1000 5791 of 5791 precincts reporting Tom Hallinan Dem 606159 394 Ted Gaines Rep 500879 326 Connie Conway Rep 283477 184 David Evans Rep 147473 96 Board of Equalization Member District 2 Districtwide Results 1000 6284 of 6284 precincts reporting Malia Cohen Dem 723355 387 Mark Burns Rep 502143 269 Cathleen Galgiani Dem 480887 257 Barry Chang Dem 163102 87 US Senate Statewide Results 1000 21487 of 21487 precincts reporting Dianne Feinstein Dem 2947035 442 Kevin De Leon Dem 805446 121 James P Bradley Rep 556252 83 Arun K Bhumitra Rep 350815 53 Paul A Taylor Rep 323533 49 Erin Cruz Rep 267494 40 Tom Palzer Rep 205183 31 Alison Hartson Dem 147061 22 Roque Rocky De La Fuente Rep 135278 20 Pat Harris Dem 126947 19 John Jack Crew Rep 93806 14 Patrick Little Rep 89867 13 Kevin Mottus Rep 87646 13 Jerry Joseph Laws Rep 67140 10 Derrick Michael Reid Lib 59999 09 Adrienne Nicole Edwards Dem 56172 08 Douglas Howard Pierce Dem 42671 06 Mario Nabliba Rep 39209 06 David Hildebrand Dem 30305 05 Donnie O Turner Dem 30101 05 Herbert G Peters Dem 27468 04 David Moore NPP 24614 04 Ling Ling Shi NPP 23506 04 John Thompson Parker PF 22825 03 Lee Olson NPP 20393 03 Gerald Plummer Dem 18234 03 Jason M Hanania NPP 18171 03 Don J Grundmann NPP 15125 02 Colleen Shea Fernald NPP 13536 02 Rash Bihari Ghosh NPP 12557 02 Tim Gildersleeve NPP 8482 01 Michael Fahmy Girgis NPP 2986 00 Michael V Ziesing Grn 842 00 Ursula M Schilling NPP 17 00 Seelam Prabhakar Reddy Dem 4 00 United States Representative District 5 Districtwide Results 1000 546 of 546 precincts reporting Mike Thompson Dem 121428 793 Anthony Mills NPP 13538 88 Nils Palsson NPP 12652 83 Jason Kishineff Grn 5458 36 United States Representative District 11 Districtwide Results 1000 475 of 475 precincts reporting Mark DeSaulnier Dem 107115 683 John Fitzgerald Rep 36279 231 Dennis Lytton Dem 8695 55 Chris Wood NPP 4789 31 United States Representative District 12 Districtwide Results 1000 529 of 529 precincts reporting Nancy Pelosi Dem 141365 685 Lisa Remmer Rep 18771 91 Shahid Buttar Dem 17597 85 Stephen Jaffe Dem 12114 59 Ryan A Khojasteh Dem 9498 46 Barry Hermanson Grn 4217 20 Michael Goldstein NPP 2820 14 United States Representative District 13 Districtwide Results 1000 512 of 512 precincts reporting Barbara Lee Dem 159751 993 Laura Wells Grn 832 05 Jeanne Marie Solnordal Rep 178 01 James M Eyer Lib 39 00 Lanenna Joiner NPP 26 00 Vincent May AI 3 00 United States Representative District 14 Districtwide Results 1000 444 of 444 precincts reporting Jackie Speier Dem 123900 794 Cristina Osmeรฑa Rep 32054 206 United States Representative District 15 Districtwide Results 1000 593 of 593 precincts reporting Eric Swalwell Dem 90971 705 Rudy L Peters Jr Rep 33771 262 Brendan St John NPP 4322 33 United States Representative District 17 Districtwide Results 1000 341 of 341 precincts reporting Ro Khanna Dem 72676 620 Ron Cohen Rep 26865 229 Khanh Tran Dem 8455 72 Stephen Forbes Dem 6259 53 Kennita Watson Lib 2997 26 United States Representative District 18 Districtwide Results 1000 508 of 508 precincts reporting Anna G Eshoo Dem 133993 734 Christine Russell Rep 42692 234 John Karl Fredrich NPP 5803 32 United States Representative District 19 Districtwide Results 1000 396 of 396 precincts reporting Zoe Lofgren Dem 97096 990 Justin James Aguilera Rep 792 08 Karl Ryan Rep 160 02 Robert Ornelas AI 7 00 United States Representative District 20 Districtwide Results 1000 351 of 351 precincts reporting Jimmy Panetta Dem 102828 807 Ronald Paul Kabat NPP 19657 154 Douglas Deitch Dem 4956 39 Casey K Clark Rep 20 00 State Senate District 10 Districtwide Results 1000 606 of 606 precincts reporting Bob Wieckowski Dem 102122 715 Victor G San Vicente Rep 34357 240 Ali Sarsak Lib 6420 45 County Elections Click to expand data from each registrar Alameda County Results Santa Clara County Results Contra Costa County Results San Mateo County Results San Francisco County Results IN ELECTIONS Another insurgent Democrat stuns incumbent in Massachusetts In a political stunner incumbent Democratic US Rep Michael Capuano conceded defeat in Tuesdays primary to Ayanna Pressley a Boston city councilor who is virtually assured of becoming the first black woman to serve Massachusetts in Congress Google foe pays in rubles gets Google to run Russian troll ads But Google says it wasnt fooled and that the ad campaign lacked the hallmarks of a statebacked operation Insurgents hope to topple more Democratic veterans in upcoming primaries In four of Septembers five primary states efforts are underway to dismantle the party establishment starting with longtenured politicians who took power when compromises with the right were more routine 2018s most volatile candidate its Trump isnt on ballot Trumps eagerness to campaign for candidates and protect his political flank has led Republican officials and Trumps political team to devise a strategy for managing the presidents time Its designed to keep him in places where he can be helpful Trump stumping for Ted Cruz Sounds like trouble in Texas He once declared the senator has accomplished absolutely nothing for Texans and repeatedly derided him as Lyin Ted Opinion Transportation money needed to fix states roads If Prop 6 passes our highways will continue to deteriorate and safety of our bridges and roads will only get worse Opinion Gas and car tax increases unfair and too costly A yes vote on Proposition 6 will provide working families with immediate relief PROCON Should voters repeal Browns gas tax increase Prop 6 would overturn fuel and registration hikes and require voter approval next time McSally wins GOP race for Flakes Ariz Senate seat downing Ward Arpaio Rep Martha McSally a former fighter pilot has won the Republican nomination for Arizonas US Senate seat setting up a November contest with Democratic Rep Kyrsten Sinema Sandersbacked Gillum upsets Dem field in Florida governors race Tallahassee Mayor Andrew Gillum upset a crowded field of wellfunded candidates in Floridas Democratic gubernatorial primary Tuesday a step away from becoming the states first black governor His surprise victory sets up a November showdown with Republican Rep Ron DeSantis a favorite of President Donald Trump Judges rule against North Carolinas gerrymandering The judges acknowledged that primary elections have already produced candidates for the 2018 elections but said they were reluctant to let elections take place in congressional districts that it has twice found violate constitutional standards Candidate suggests McCain timed predeath announcement to hurt her campaign Senate hopeful Kelli Ward facing a torrent of criticism after she implied that his announcement to halt medical treatment was timed to damage her campaign State Assembly Member District 11 Districtwide Results 1000 238 of 238 precincts reporting Jim Frazier Dem 39095 483 Lisa Romero Rep 30623 378 Diane Stewart Dem 11224 139 State Assembly Member District 14 Districtwide Results 1000 281 of 281 precincts reporting Tim Grayson Dem 67272 836 Aasim Yahya Dem 13231 164 State Assembly Member District 15 Districtwide Results 1000 341 of 341 precincts reporting Buffy Wicks Dem 37141 314 Jovanka Beckles Dem 18733 158 Dan Kalb Dem 18007 152 Judy Appel Dem 13591 115 Rochelle PardueOkimoto Dem 9826 83 Pranav Jandhyala Rep 6946 59 Andy Katz Dem 6209 52 Ben Bartlett Dem 3949 33 Cheryl Sudduth Dem 1493 13 Raquella Thaman Dem 1007 09 Owen Poindexter Dem 819 07 Sergey Vikramsingh Piterman Dem 689 06 State Assembly Member District 16 Districtwide Results 1000 348 of 348 precincts reporting Catharine Baker Rep 69360 566 Rebecca BauerKahan Dem 53269 434 State Assembly Member District 18 Districtwide Results 1000 316 of 316 precincts reporting Rob Bonta Dem 85354 890 Stephen Slauson Rep 10549 110 State Assembly Member District 19 Districtwide Results 1000 303 of 303 precincts reporting Phil Ting Dem 86304 805 Keith Bogdon Rep 16785 157 David Ernst NPP 4084 38 State Assembly Member District 20 Districtwide Results 1000 403 of 403 precincts reporting Bill Quirk Dem 56762 999 Joseph Grcar Rep 81 01 State Assembly Member District 22 Districtwide Results 1000 316 of 316 precincts reporting Kevin Mullin Dem 80610 741 Christina Laskowski Rep 24104 222 Bridget Duffy Grn 4106 38 State Assembly Member District 24 Districtwide Results 1000 288 of 288 precincts reporting Marc Berman Dem 78140 754 Alex Glew Rep 21818 210 Bob Goodwyn Lib 3694 36 State Assembly Member District 25 Districtwide Results 1000 251 of 251 precincts reporting Kansen Chu Dem 36417 518 Bob Brunton Rep 16391 233 Carmen Montano Dem 15345 218 Robert Imhoff Lib 2127 30 State Assembly Member District 27 Districtwide Results 1000 206 of 206 precincts reporting Ash Kalra Dem 51825 995 G Burt Lancaster Rep 285 05 State Assembly Member District 29 Districtwide Results 1000 330 of 330 precincts reporting Mark Stone Dem 86641 724 Vicki L Nohrden Rep 33073 276 State Assembly Member District 30 Districtwide Results 1000 220 of 220 precincts reporting Robert Rivas Dem 30379 455 Neil G Kitchens Rep 20099 301 Peter LeroeMuรฑoz Dem 7099 106 Trina CoffmanGomez Dem 5003 75 Bill Lipe Dem 4217 63 | [
"Primary Election",
"California"
] |
http://apps.osceola.org/Apps/neogov/welcome.html | Osceola County Government Moves to New Online Job Application Technology The Osceola County Human Resources Department is pleased to announce the implementation of a new online tracking system to streamline its recruiting and hiring process The new technology called NEOGOV will facilitate the job search and application process for job seekers With the implementation of NEOGOV job applicants internal County employees and external candidates will be required to build a personal job application profile within the NEOGOV system before applying for County Jobs If you have any questions regarding an existing application please contact Osceola County Human Resources at 4077421200 | [
"Osceola",
"streamline"
] |
http://apps.pathology.jhu.edu/blogs/pancreas/?p=29 | Pancreatic Cancer Blog What is the Whipple Operation ? Masses and Tumors Involving the Pancreas Treatment of Pancreatic Cancers that Involves Major Blood Vessels ( Locally Advanced and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancers ) Pancreatic Cancers often grow into the tissues adjacent to the pancreas . The location of the pancreas deep within the abdomen places the pancreas close to major blood vessels ( see โ Where is the pancreas ? โ post ) . Pancreatic cancers that invade into these blood vessels pose a significant surgical problem and in some cases may even preclude surgery . Pancreatic cancers that invade these nearby vessels ( called the celiac artery , the portal vein , and the superior mesenteric artery and vein ) are referred to as either โ border - line resectable โ or โ locally advanced โ . Pancreatic cancers in these categories are challenging to treat . Despite this aggressive feature , some patients in this situation will be able to undergo surgery and have their cancer removed , learn more about this clinic please feel free to contact us at 410 - 933 - PANC . We will be able to answer your questions and schedule a clinic appointment for you at your request . One of the most important steps in determining the best treatment for someone with locally invasive pancreatic cancer is a high quality imaging study . At Johns Hopkins we perform a computerized tomography scan ( aka โ CT scan โ ) using a cutting edge 64 or 128 slice CT scanner . Information obtained from this CT scanner allows us to view the cancer and its relationship to nearby blood vessels from numerous angles and even in three - dimensions . These images are reviewed in our multidisciplinary conference . This portion of the discussion is lead by the world The CT images are reviewed by the team in order to determine if surgery is possible . In the absence of metastatic disease this is determined by assessing the relationship of the tumor to vessels as follows . There are two main arteries and one main venous system near the head , neck and body of the pancreas . The main arteries are called the celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery . The venous system is the portal vein and its tributaries ( superior mesenteric vein , splenic vein ) . Cancer invasion into arteries and veins is handled Unlike arteries , isolated involvement of the portal and / or superior mesenteric vein does not rule out tumor removal โ although it does make the operation more complex . If the cancer involves the vein but not the artery , and it is technically possible to reconstruct the vein , these cancers can be surgically removed with long - term survival similar to pancreatic cancer not involving vessels . There are numerous exceptions to this general algorithm based on the individual patient and their cancer . In addition , select patients may benefit from chemoradiotherapy ( โ radiation therapy Surgery for the removal of cancers that involve main vessels should only be attempted by surgeons experienced in pancreatic resections . The team of surgeons at Johns Hopkins perform more pancreatic resections than any other group in the country . Our team has extensive experience in performing vein resection and reconstruction for the removal of locally aggressive pancreatic cancers . We are confident in our ability to perform these operations and have recently published our results ( PMID : 19394156 ) . We reported that patients undergoing vein resection and reconstruction for the removal of locally aggressive pancreatic cancers here at Johns Hopkins had a very low risk of operative - related death and a similar rate of complications to a pancreatic operation without a vein resection . Most importantly the long - term survival of patients undergoing a portal vein or superior mesenteric vein resection with reconstruction was no different than those who did not require this procedure and underwent a standard operation . Our team has four surgeons with expertise in pancreatic surgery for patients in whom their cancer involves the portal veins and / or superior mesenteric vein : John L . Cameron , MD , FACS Barish H . Edil , MD , FACS Richard D . Schulick , MD , FACS and Christopher L . Wolfgang , MD , PhD , FACS . If you have been told you have a pancreatic cancer that involves blood vessels and would like to be evaluated by the Johns Hopkins Multidisciplinary Team please call our schedulers at 410 - 933 - PANC . Tags : clinic Resectable This entry was posted on Thursday , June 11th , 2009 at 11 : 01 am and is filed under Treatment . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed . Both comments and pings are currently closed . 7 Responses to โ Treatment of Pancreatic Cancers that Involves Major Blood Vessels โ Mary Says : June 30th , 2009 at 1 : 25 pm I found an amazing motivation book titled 5,001 reasons to Survive Pancreatic Cancer . Check it out on amazon : http : / / www . amazon . com / 001 - Reasons - Survive - Pancreatic - Cancer / dp / 1448615771 / ref = sr_1_1 ? ie = UTF8&s = books&qid = 1246382632&sr = 8 - 1 Hope thsi helps . it sure is helping my uncle . Merle Hamburger Says : August 8th , 2009 at 4 : 52 pm Next Friday , it will be one year since Dr . Cameron performed the Whipple procedure to remove my pancreatic adenocarcinoma . So far , I remain cancer free ! The folks at Johns Hopkins were great ! Thank you ! Merle Phil Cheshire January 20th , 2010 at 11 : 05 am I have a loved one that is in the last stages of panceratic cancer to which she has developed ascites . She has been drained three time the third just yesterday in which they took eleven liters from her . To me this is very gruelling and painfull to watch . Could someone out there give us an idea of what to expect for the future . We are out of state and this is very taxing on the entire family . justasking May 29th , 2010 at 1 : 29 am what about 2 yr survival rate ? i understand that like what happened to steve jobs of apple was he had the op then his liver gave out , now he got a new liver , but who knows ? i have heard stories that after having the whipple , the cancer comes back after 2 or so years . Brett Markwardt August 1st , 2010 at 10 : 49 am nice post Joe Fewo January 7th , 2011 at 8 : 34 am This post gives hope for many patients who developed pancreatic cancer where especially major blood vessels are involved . For such excellence as described above John Hopkins holds the No . 1 Position of all clinics in the US and maybe world wide . Dr . Ralph Hruban May 9th , 2011 at 8 : 15 am Thank you for your support . RHH | [
"Pancreatic Cancers",
"blood vessels",
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http://apps.prsa.org/network/Chapters/Districts/Minisites/display/western/Western | District Home Contact District Website Blog Chapters Districts Home Western District Our Chapters California Gold Coast Chapter California Inland Empire Chapter Colorado Chapter Hawaii Chapter Las Vegas Valley Chapter Los Angeles Chapter Orange County Chapter Phoenix Chapter Pikes Peak Chapter San DiegoImperial Counties Chapter Southern Arizona Chapter Disclaimer The contents of this web page were not subject to the approval of PRSA National and may not reflect the opinion of PRSA National staff its Board of Directors or its members | [
"Western District",
"PRSA National"
] |
http://apps.suzeorman.com/igsbase/igstemplate.cfm?SRC=MD012&SRCN=aoedetails&GnavID=20&SnavID=20&TnavID=&AreasofExpertiseID=19 | Managing Debt back to previous page back to main topics Charged - off Credit Card Accounts Can Come Back to Haunt You Dear Suze , I ' ve had a really hard time with my money . I owe a considerable sum to credit card companies , and I have n ' t made any payments in about five years . My credit report says my accounts are " charged off , " and everyone has stopped calling me . But will they make me pay up someday ? How long will all this stay on my credit report ? I do have some money in an IRA . Another question : If I claim bankruptcy , will the credit card companies take the money in my IRA ? The truth is , I still have no money to pay the bills , but I do n ' t want to live with this forever . - Worried Dear Worried , The fact that your creditors have stopped calling does n ' t mean you ' re out of the woods - not yet . Here is the problem . Credit card companies are selling their old , " charged - off " accounts to collection agencies for pennies on the dollar . The collection agencies then resume collection efforts , figuring that some consumers will pay up and that they , the agencies , will make a profit . All of this is perfectly legal . Just so you know : A charged - off account is an outstanding balance that the lender considers a business loss . How long it takes before the lender declares the account a loss varies from creditor to creditor , but this typically happens after several months of attempting to collect the money . Once an account has been charged off , the lender may sell it to a collection agency - and this can happen right away or much later on . At the time the account is charged off , the creditor usually stops the clock on interest Here are your rights : To clear your credit report : If any of your accounts were charged off more than seven years ago , the damaging information on that account should have been erased from your credit bureau file , and a collection agency can not reenter the information . This process take place under a federal law , called the Fair Credit Reporting Act ( FCRA ) , that regulates the actions of all creditors and credit reporting agencies . The law is designed to protect consumers , creditors , and credit reporting agencies . The FCRA enforces the seven - year limit ; specifically , it says that To deal with bill collectors : When it comes to collection efforts , each state has its own statute of limitations governing how long a debt is considered legally collectible . In general , the limit is about four to five years from date of your last payment . If a creditor waits beyond the time limit set by the statute of limitations to sue you , the case can be thrown out of court . To find out about the statute of limitations in your state , contact the Office of the State Attorney General . If you know that your debt has expired under To find out whether or not your IRA is in jeopardy from a creditor or a collection agency : As far as I know , the ability of creditors to come after your retirement accounts largely depends on your state . All states have their quirks when it comes to placing limits on debt collectors and / or collection during bankruptcy . In recent years a number of state courts have given IRAs and SEPs protection against garnishment , but many have not ; so once again , you must call the Office of your State Attorney General and ask what the law is in your state . The only federal protection there is comes into play only if the retirement plan must be subject to ERISA ; it must be tax - qualified under certain IRS rules ; and it must contain a written " anti - alienation " provision . Most employer - sponsored plans meet these requirements , but plans covering only the owner - meaning you , my friend - are not considered ERISA plans . So , if you ever enter bankruptcy , the benefits of your IRA , Keogh , or SEP IRA may fall outside the protection of this Supreme Court ruling . If you feel you want to pay the balances due : So at last we come to the heart of the question : What , exactly , do you want to do about your debt , my friend ? Even if the card companies and collection agencies never again call you , will you feel better about yourself if you pay or do n ' t pay the outstanding sum ? As you ponder this , remember : You must not do anything that renders you powerless . An essential law of money - that power attracts money and that being powerless repels it - is the crucial point for you | [
"Managing Debt",
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http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2929e/4.3.html | Portal Home Search Titles A - Z Subjects Keywords Series and Periodicals Publishers Authors A - Z Regions Countries Index Sub - collections Public sub - collections Expand Document | Expand Chapter | Full TOC Printable HTML version WHO Model Prescribing Information : Drugs Used in Anaesthesia ( 1989 ; 60 pages ) French Table of Contents Preface Introduction Premedication General anaesthetics and oxygen Ketamine Thiopental Ether Halothane Trichloroethylene Nitrous oxide Oxygen Local anaesthetics Non - opioid analgesics Opioid analgesics and antagonists Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors Blood substitutes Solutions for correcting water and electrolyte imbalance Antacid for use in obstetric practice Anaesthesia at the District Hospital Selected WHO publications of related interest Back cover Ether Group : volatile inhalational anaesthetic agent General information Ether ( diethyl ether ) is a colourless , highly volatile and flammable liquid that , in anaesthetic dosage , depresses cerebral activity . Advantages Ether is a reliable and potent anaesthetic that is particularly useful when elaborate apparatus is not available and cost is an important consideration . It may be used safely in closed circuits containing soda lime . The vasomotor centre is resistant to the doses required for full surgical anaesthesia . Because it is highly soluble in body tissues induction is slow and follows the classical stages of general anaesthesia . Full muscle relaxation is achieved in deep anaesthesia . Although irritant to the upper airway , ether is a bronchodilator and it can be of value in treating bronchospasm resistant Disadvantages Because ether is both flammable and explosive it can be used in hot dry climates only when special precautions are taken to prevent sparking and combustion ; diathermy is contraindicated when ether is used with oxygen . Premedication with atropine is essential to avoid excessive bronchial and salivary secretion . Laryngeal spasm may occur during induction and intubation . Localized capillary bleeding can be troublesome . Postoperative nausea and vomiting are frequent and recovery time is slow , particularly after prolonged administration . Clinical information Uses Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia during surgery . Dosage and administration Ether may be administered from many types of vaporizer . In emergency it may be dropped on to an open mask . Premedication with atropine is necessary to reduce salivary and bronchial secretions . When supplementary oxygen is used it can be fed under an open mask or into an open - ended T - piece connected to a draw - over vaporizer . Administration from vaporizers Concentrations of ether vapour in the inspired gases should not exceed 15 % during induction and should subsequently be reduced during maintenance of anaesthesia . Light anaesthesia ( with or without muscle relaxants ) can be sustained using 3 - 5 % in air . Deep anaesthesia requires concentrations of up to 10 % . โ Open drop โ technique This technique should be used only when no other means of delivering a general anaesthetic is available . Ether is applied from a drop bottle to an open mask covered with multilayered gauze . During induction 12 drops / minute are applied for 2 minutes , then 1 drop / second until the patient loses consciousness ( usually within 5 minutes ) . The rate is subsequently adjusted to provide the required depth of anaesthesia . Deep levels of surgical anaesthesia can not be achieved with this technique in less than 20 - 30 minutes . Contraindications โข Severe liver disease . โข Raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure . Precautions In febrile children exposure to ether increases the risk of potentially fatal convulsions . If convulsions occur , ether should immediately be withdrawn , and the child โ s body temperature reduced by sponging with tepid water . Small doses of diazepam or thiopental should be administered intravenously until convulsions cease . Diathermy must not be used when ether / oxygen mixtures are in use and the operating theatre and its equipment should be designed to minimize the risk of static discharge , particularly in hot , dry climates . Electrical sockets and switches situated within 1 metre of the floor should be spark - proof . No potential source of combustion or sparking should be allowed within 30 cm of an expiratory valve emitting ether vapour . Use in pregnancy Ether should be used during pregnancy only when the need outweighs any possible risk to the fetus . Low concentrations ( no more than 4 % ) should be employed in obstetric procedures to avoid loss of uterine tone , excessive postpartum haemorrhage and respiratory depression in the neonate . Adverse effects Laryngeal spasm is common during induction . Severe nausea , vomiting and bronchopneumonia are liable to occur postoperatively , particularly after prolonged , deep anaesthesia . Transient postoperative effects include impairment of liver function and leukocytosis . Dependence can occur in individuals who are repeatedly exposed to ether . Drug interactions The action of non - depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents is potentiated . In patients receiving ฮฒ - adrenoceptor - blocking agents such as propranolol , ether may cause myocardial depression . Overdosage Overdosage leads to severe central depression , characterized first by respiratory failure and later by cardiac arrest . Spontaneous respiration is usually restored if intermittent positive pressure ventilation with oxygen is instituted promptly . Storage Ether should be stored in sealed containers protected from light , below 25 ยฐ C . Naphthols , polyphenols , aromatic amines and aminophenols may be added in trace amounts to commercial supplies as stabilizers . | [
"Ether",
"potent anaesthetic"
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http://apps.who.int/phint/en/d/Jb/7.1.14.4.html | The International Pharmacopoeia Eighth Edition - Pharmacopoea Internationalis Editio Octava Preface : The International Pharmacopoeia , Eighth Edition Background to previous editions of The International Pharmacopoeia Acknowledgements General Notices Appendices to the General Notices Monographs Methods of Analysis Infrared reference spectra Reagents , test solutions and volumetric solutions Supplementary information | [
"Methods of Analysis",
"High-performance liquid chromatography",
"organic molecules"
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http://apps.who.int/phint/en/d/Jb/7.5.9.html | The International Pharmacopoeia Eighth Edition - Pharmacopoea Internationalis Editio Octava Preface : The International Pharmacopoeia , Eighth Edition Background to previous editions of The International Pharmacopoeia Acknowledgements General Notices Appendices to the General Notices Monographs Methods of Analysis Infrared reference spectra Reagents , test solutions and volumetric solutions Supplementary information | [
"Methods of Analysis",
"Pharmaceutical technical procedures",
"sterilization"
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http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/complications/preterm_birth/cd004454_hofmeyrgj_com/en/ | The WHO Reproductive Health Library ( RHL ) is a curated collection of high - quality evidence in reproductive health , published by the World Health Organization New in RHL RHL Article WHO recommendation on antenatal care contact schedules Antenatal care models with a minimum of eight contacts are recommended to reduce perinatal mortality and improve women โ s experience of care Read RHL Article WHO recommendation on recruitment and retention of staff in rural and remote areas Policy - makers should consider educational , regulatory , financial , and personal and professional support interventions to recruit and retain qualified health workers in rural and remote areas . Read WHO recommendation on task shifting components of antenatal care delivery Task shifting the promotion of health - related behaviours for maternal and newborn health ad to a broad range of cadres , including lay health workers , auxiliary nurses , nurses , midwives and doctors is recommended . Task shifting the distribution of recommended nutritional supplements and intermittent . . . Guideline WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre - eclampsia and eclampsia Pre - eclampsia stands out among the hypertensive disorders for its impact on maternal and neonatal health . It is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide . The primary goal of the present guidelines is to improve the quality of care and outcomes for . . . Amnioinfusion for third trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes The effects of amnioinfusion for preterm premature rupture of membranes ( PPROM ) are limited by the small sample sizes of the included studies Guideline WHO recommendations : non - clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections Caesarean section rates have been steadily increasing worldwide over the last few decades above levels that can not be considered medically necessary . This trend has not been accompanied by significant maternal or perinatal benefits . In recognition of the urgent need to address this sustained and unprecedented rise in the use of caesarean section , WHO has produced evidence - based guidance on non - clinical interventions specifically designed to reduce unnecessary caesarean section . These recommendations can be useful to health - care professionals responsible for developing regional , national and local health protocols and policies , as WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience Within the continuum of reproductive health care , antenatal care ( ANC ) provides a platform for important healthcare functions , including health promotion , screening and diagnosis , and disease prevention . It has been established that , by implementing timely and appropriate evidence - based practices , . . . WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of maternal peripartum infections The primary audience for this guideline is health professionals who are responsible for developing national and local health protocols and policies , as well as managers of maternal and child health programmes and policy - makers in all settings . The guideline will also be useful to those directly . . . WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes The primary audience for this guideline includes health - care professionals who are responsible for developing national and local health - care protocols and policies , as well as managers of maternal and child health programmes and policy - makers in all settings . The guideline will also be useful to . . . WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour Optimizing outcomes for women in labour at the global level requires evidence - based guidance of health workers to improve care through appropriate patient selection and use of effective interventions . The goal of the present recommendations is to consolidate the guidance for effective interventions . . . WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage Health professionals responsible for developing national and local protocols and health policies constitute the main target audience of these recommendations . Obstetricians , midwives , general medical practitioners , health care managers and public health policy - makers , particularly in under - resourced settings are also targeted . WHO recommendation on interventions targeted at women for the reduction of unnecessary caesarean sections Health education for women is an essential component of antenatal care WHO recommendation on antenatal care contact schedules Antenatal care models with a minimum of eight contacts are recommended to reduce perinatal mortality and improve women โ s experience of care WHO recommendation on recruitment and retention of staff in rural and remote areas Policy - makers should consider educational , regulatory , financial , and personal and professional support interventions to recruit and retain qualified health workers in rural and remote areas . WHO recommendation on task shifting components of antenatal care delivery Task shifting the promotion of health - related behaviours for maternal and newborn health ad to a broad range of cadres , including lay health workers , auxiliary nurses , nurses , midwives and doctors is recommended . Task shifting the distribution of recommended nutritional supplements and intermittent . . . WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre - eclampsia and eclampsia Pre - eclampsia stands out among the hypertensive disorders for its impact on maternal and neonatal health . It is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide . The primary goal of the present guidelines is to improve the quality of care and outcomes for . . . Amnioinfusion for third trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes The effects of amnioinfusion for preterm premature rupture of membranes ( PPROM ) are limited by the small sample sizes of the included studies WHO recommendations : non - clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections Caesarean section rates have been steadily increasing worldwide over the last few decades above levels that can not be considered medically necessary . This trend has not been accompanied by significant maternal or perinatal benefits . In recognition of the urgent need to address this sustained and unprecedented rise in the use of caesarean section , WHO has produced evidence - based guidance on non - clinical interventions specifically designed to reduce unnecessary caesarean section . These recommendations can be useful to health - care professionals responsible for developing regional , national and local health protocols and policies , as 1 2 3 4 Prev Next Topics Adolescent sexual and reproductive health HIV & AIDS Preconception , pregnancy , childbirth and postpartum care Fertility regulation Improving health system performance Sexually transmitted infections Gynaecology , infertility and cancers Newborn health Sexual health , human rights and gender equity | [
"Reproductive Health Library",
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http://appstec.blogspot.com/2012/03/item-category-query.html | Oracle Apps Technical Solutions Saturday 10 March 2012 Item Category Query To Retrieve item category details SELECT distinct msisegment1 item_code msidescription item_desc mcsegment12 item_category mcCONCATENATED_SEGMENTS FROM mtl_item_categories mic mtl_category_sets_tl mcst mtl_category_sets_b mcs mfg_lookups ml mtl_categories_b_kfv mc mtl_system_items_b msi WHERE miccategory_set_id mcscategory_set_id AND mcscategory_set_id mcstcategory_set_id AND mcstLANGUAGE USERENV LANG AND miccategory_id mccategory_id AND micorganization_id 3 and uppermcconcatenated_segments like CAPITAL AND msiorganization_id micorganization_id AND msiinventory_item_id micinventory_item_id and mcstcategory_set_namePURCHASING CATEGORY SET AND mcsegment12 IN COMPONENT NONE OR mcsegment12 LIKE TOOL Posted by Oracle Apps Technical Consultant at Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter No comments Post a Comment Newer Post Older Post Subscribe to Post Comments Atom | [
"Item Category"
] |
http://apr.apache.org/index.html | Get Involved Subversion Mailing Lists Build on Win32 Build on Unix Download ! from a mirror APR Docs Version 1.7 Trunk APR 2.0 ( dev preview ) APR - util Docs Version 1.6 Trunk APR 2.0 ( dev preview ) APR - iconv Docs Version 1.2 Trunk Guidelines Project Guidelines Contributing Version Numbers Miscellaneous License Security Reports Projects using APR Sponsors Sponsorship Welcome The mission of the Apache Portable Runtime ( APR ) project is to create and maintain software libraries that provide a predictable and consistent interface to underlying platform - specific implementations . The primary goal is to provide an API to which software developers may code and be assured of predictable if not identical behaviour regardless of the platform on which their software is built , relieving them of the need to code special - case conditions to work around or take advantage of platform - specific deficiencies or features . Recommended releases The recommended releases of the several Apache Portable Runtime libraries are APR 1.7.0 , released April 5 , 2019 APR - util 1.6.1 , released October 22 , 2017 APR - iconv 1.2.2 , released October 22 , 2017 Apache Portable Runtime 1.7.0 Released The Apache Software Foundation and the Apache Portable Runtime Project are proud to announce the General Availability of version 1.7.0 of the Apache Portable Runtime library . APR 1.7 brings a number of enhancements and bugfixes documented in CHANGES . Users of earlier versions are encouraged to update to this release . For further details of this release , see the official announcement as well as the CHANGES - APR - 1.7 file . Download Programmer ' s Manual : APR Apache Portable Runtime Utility 1.6.1 Released The Apache Software Foundation and the Apache Portable Runtime Project are proud to announce the General Availability of version 1.6.1 of the APR Apache Portable Runtime Utility library . Users of earlier versions are encouraged to update to this release . The main changes in this release are concerned with the third - party dependencies , including unbundling expat , and building with up - to - date versions of libraries such as OpenSSL and MySQL For further details of this release , see the official announcement as well as the CHANGES - APR - UTIL - 1.6 file . Download Programmer ' s Manual : APR - util Projects Using APR After several years of development , APR is beginning to see use outside of the Apache HTTP Server . To encourage more people to investigate APR for their projects , here are a list of both Open Source and Commercial projects that are currently using APR . If you are using APR , and would like your project recognized , please send e - mail to the developer ' s mailing list . APR subprojects The following is a list of supported development projects under the APR Project . All of the development happens on the indicated mailing lists . See mailing lists to learn how to take part in these discussions . Or , check the archives apr - a portable runtime library Source : apr Mailing list : dev @ apr . apache . org Releases : apr releases API Documentation : apr docs ( current stable branch ) , Using APR Pools Tutorial : An Introduction to APR covers the structure and basic concepts . See sample code Test Coverage : apr test coverage apr - util - a companion library to APR Source : apr - util Mailing list : dev @ apr . apache . org Releases : apr - util releases API Documentation : apr - util docs ( current stable branch ) apr - iconv - a portable implementation of the iconv ( ) library apr - iconv apr - iconv releases apr - iconv docs ( current stable branch ) How to start developing with APR We hope this website starts you in the right direction . Please read the docs and tutorials for the project you are interested in . If you have suggestions of any sort , please feel free to send us an email at | [
"Apache Portable Runtime"
] |
http://apstudent.com/ushistory/docs.php | Historical Documents The collection of historical documents at this site includes colonial charters , speeches , legislation , essays , editorials , letters , Supreme Court case rulings / opinions , and political cartoons . These documents were garnered from various online sources and should all be public domain . If you are aware that one of the documents here is not public domain , please report it to whomever owns the rights to the document so they can notify me to remove it . Documents : 1451 - 1600 Documents : 1601 - 1750 Documents : 1751 - 1800 Documents : 1801 - 1850 Documents : 1851 - 1900 Documents : 1901 - 1950 Documents : 1951 - 2000 AP * U.S. History About the Test Documents Notecards Outline Presidents Testing Tips Forum Links AP * Subjects U.S. History * AP is a registered trademark of the College Board , Which was not involved in the production of , and does not endorse , this product . | [
"Historical Documents",
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http://apxaioc.com/article/early-israelites-egyptian-heliopolison-iwnw | The Early Israelites at Egyptian Heliopolis / On ( iwnw ) Submitted by Archae27 on Fri , 10 / 26 / 2012 - 2 : 04am Heliopolis ( the Greek name for the city ) , or iwnw ( the ancient Egyptian name for the city ) , was the capital of the 13 th nome ( district ) of ancient Egypt , dating back to the time of Narmer and the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt . The Egyptian name of the city , perhaps pronounced Aonu or Awenu , means โ pillar . โ This city name likely originated from the Egyptian creation epic stating that Heliopolis was the location of the original mound of creation which arose out of the primordial waters . In Hebrew , the Egyptian iwnw is spelled awn , and is a correct rendering of the ancient Egyptian name for the city . In English translations , the city is usually called On , which comes from the Septuagint ( Greek ) transliteration of the Hebrew . According to archaeological excavations , Heliopolis was occupied as far back as the Pre - Dynastic period , before ca . 3000 BC and the unification of Egypt . Excavations and ancient texts demonstrate that the city was important in the Old , Middle , and New Kingdoms , the Late Period , and the Hellenistic Period . During the Kingdom At Heliopolis , the first evidence for occupation comes from the Pre - Dynastic period . Following that , the Old Kingdom Pharaohs Djoser of the 3 rd Dynasty and Teti of the 6 th Dynasty are attested by inscriptions from a chapel and an obelisk at the site . Tombs of the priests of Ra from the 6 Dynasty were also discovered in the temple precinct , indicating that sun worship at this city went back at least as far as the Old Kingdom . The next major Pharaoh attested comes from the Middle Kingdom in the 12 Dynasty . Senusret I ruled ca . 1971 - 1926 BC and built a temple to Re - Atum at Heliopolis , erecting twin red granite obelisks in commemoration of his Heb Sed festival . One of those obelisks still stands at the site today . The construction of this temple is also recorded on a roll of leather from the 18 Dynasty . Some construction from the time of Thutmose III , who ruled ca . 1504 - 1450 BC in the middle of the 18 Dynasty , was discovered at the site , and two obelisks that he erected there now reside in London and New York . A stele of Thutmose III found at Heliopolis records that โ his majesty commanded to encircle this temple with a thick wall of stone - work . โ Slightly later in the 18 Dynasty , Amenhotep III constructed a temple , according to architecture fragments discovered in the temple precinct of the city . Even Akenaten built at this site , and talatat ( a special type of building block restricted to the reign of Akenaten ) were discovered in the ruins of Heliopolis . Another stele from Heliopolis shows Akhenaten and his family worshipping the Aten , confirming that construction was carried out there specifically during his reign . A massive granite statue , thought to be of Ramses II , and a smaller statue bearing his cartouche were discovered in the Dynasty . Temples dating to the 20 Dynasty and tombs dating to the 26 Dynasty have also been uncovered , and an obelisk from the 26 Dynasty king Psamtik II was originally discovered at Heliopolis . Even though ancient Heliopolis is buried underneath a modern suburb of Cairo , even the limited amount of finds demonstrate the city โ s long and prominent history . Joseph , who lived during the 2 nd Intermediate Period , married the daughter of a priest of Heliopolis ( Genesis 41 : 45 ) . The priest whose daughter Joseph married was called Potipera โ a name containing reference to the Egyptian sun god Ra . Since Heliopolis was the center for worship of the sun god , this name or title for a priest of Heliopolis containing the name of the sun god Ra is to be expected . The wife of Joseph , named as Asenath , may contain the name of the goddess Neith โ a prominent goddess and mother of Ra who dates st Dynasty , and whose center of worship was located in the Western Nile Delta region at Sais . As a patron deity in the Nile Delta who was closely associated with Ra , the name Asenath as a daughter of a priest of Ra at Heliopolis conforms to the likely possibilities . According to the Masoretic text of Exodus 1 : 11 , the Israelites built some type of storage or fortification at the cities of Ramses and Pithom ( the meaning of the Hebrew word is not precisely known ) . However , the Septuagint Greek text adds that the Israelites also built at On , or Heliopolis . In the two Dead Sea Scrolls which contain this verse , one has a lacuna ( missing section of text due to damage ) at the end of the line following Ramses which could or would have contained the city Heliopolis , Dynasty , and instituted a policy of slave labor for Asiatics in Egypt . It is known that at least one Pharaoh prior to the Exodus , Thutmose III , built extensively at Heliopolis . According to archaeological findings , Thutmose III built a massive stone temple with obelisks and a fortification wall , possibly in the fortress style of the Karnak Temple . This architectural style , or possibly storage facilities for the temples , could fulfill the description in Exodus 1 : 11 . Pharaohs earlier in the 18 Dynasty may have had building done at Heliopolis , but currently there is no clear evidence for this . However , the construction ordered by Thutmose III at Heliopolis preceded the Exodus and fulfills the general requirements of Exodus 1 . Thus , according to Exodus 1 the Israelites likely built at Heliopolis during the slavery in Egypt period , and the archaeological evidence clearly supports this possibility . Tags : egypt israelites heliopolis on exodus joseph ra pharaoh | [
"Early Israelites",
"Egyptian Heliopolis"
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http://aquaponicsnation.com/forums/topic/8580-what-do-barramundi-taste-like/ | All Activity Home AQUAPONICS FISH AND CRUSTACEANS What do Barramundi taste like ? Sign in to follow this Followers 4 What do Barramundi taste like ? Started by Cecil January 4 , 2014 6 posts in this topic Cecil APHQ Ambassador Moderators 635 2941 posts Location : Ligonier , Indiana USA Posted January 4 , 2014 ( edited ) For our Aussie friends here what do Barramundi taste like ? How do they rank with other species ? I ask because I saw some that were for sale in a chain grocery store I was in today . They are raised in a recirculating system in here in the U.S. in Turner Falls , Massachusetts . Edited January 6 , 2014 by Cecil ( see edit history ) GaryD Senior Member Members 1055 12652 posts Location : Macleay Island , QLD Posted Hi Cecil , Barramundi are a mild - tasting fish . . . . .with soft white flaky flesh . Large fish ( like those caught in the sea ) are sold as sea bass and , in the hands of a chef , are very good eating . It ' s hard to compare them to anything that you might have eaten . . . . .except trout ( to which they are very different ) . . . . .since I have n ' t eaten most species available in the US . Gary Joey Member Members 32 391 posts Narre Warren North ( edited ) Hi Cecil I ate Barramundi two days ago it was fried Asian style and tasted great . It can be bought live in the nearby Springvale fish shops . Whole fish sells between $ 11.00 and $ 22.00 per Kg depending whether it is live or sold on ice . We had a Barramundi farm at nearby Garfield which had an indoor RAS , it has closed down a few years ago . Most Barramundi fillets in Australia are imported from Asia . Wholesale a 5KG box of these fillets is sold for $ 60.00 by the food service companies it makes it hard for the local product to compete when fillets cost the same as the bottom range of whole fish . Cheers Joey Edited by Joey ( see edit history ) yahoo2 Member 215 457 posts Eyre Peninsula , South Oz January 7 , 2014 I think the taste will change depending on the size of the fish and how fat it is . I would group it in with these fish of a similar taste that I have tried ( best first ) 1 . 95 pound mulloway ( flesh on the stomach over an inch thick crisped on the BBQ ) bigger they grow the better they taste 2 . massive bronze whaler shark ( only the white meat ) 3 . large pan fried flounder in butter ( crunchy fins and skin very soft sweet fine textured meat ) 4 . baked flathead ( stuffed and steamed in alfoil in the oven ) 5 . silver whiting ( flour , egg lightly fried in the pan mix of butter and ghee ) 6 . large barra 7 . king george whiting ( big ones get dry so I do a sauce made with a sweet white wine and sour cream and bake them with breadcrumbs and grated cheese on top ) All these fish are basically carnivors that hunt crustacians and small fish on a sandy bottom I guess I would describe the taste as a more savory flavour , opposed to a rock fish like sweep or leatherjacket that has a real sweetness to it . and not like snook , pilchards or herring that is oily and goes well with a smoke flavour . I wouldnt rave over the whole 350 gram barra when they are just steamed , the flavor of the grilled skin adds a lot , most restaurants go down the lemon , shallot , ginger , chilli kinda path with them . APHQ Ambassador Moderators 635 2941 posts Ligonier , Indiana USA January 9 , 2014 Thanks all . I ' ll have to purchase some soon and see if I like it . bigdaddy APN Ambassador 216 1624 posts Adelaide , SA January 11 , 2014 Hi Cecil , Try some and let ' s know what you think hey ? I remember a couple of decades ago I went to a restaurant with my wife and ordered baby barramundi . . .At the time Barramundi was only ever seen on restaurant tables around this neck of the woods . . .And I was very much disappointed , it was watery and tasteless . . .That was the only time I was disappointed though . . . I have grown them and I think they are a magnificent fish . . .I love them . . .They are as Gary and Yahoo says a mild fish , White flakey flesh with Create an account or sign in to comment You need to be a member in order to leave a comment Create an account Sign up for a new account in our community . It ' s easy ! Register a new account Sign in Already have an account ? Sign in here . Sign In Now Go To Topic Listing FISH AND CRUSTACEANS All Activity Home AQUAPONICS FISH AND CRUSTACEANS What do Barramundi taste like ? | [
"Barramundi"
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http://aquariumplants.club/product/staurogyne-repens-foreground-carpet-aquarium-plant/ | Staurogyne Repens Foreground Carpet Aquarium Plant 699 You will get 1 portion of Staurogyne Repens as pictured Staurogyne is a popular carpet plant for aquarium foreground Propagates easily on gravel and will form a green carpet Make your aquarium stand out with this beautiful and hard to find plant Perfect for any size aquarium 173 in stock SKU 41L3VTUDIC Categories All Plants Foreground Plants Description Product Description Staurogyne repens is a fresh green compact and hardy plant for the foreground of the aquarium and it was found in River Rio Cristalino in the southern Amazonas Its nearest relative in the aquaristic is Hygrophila but Staurogyne is different with its marked compact low and bushy stature 510 cm and small green leaves each stem is 34 cm wide During planting in the aquarium the longest upright shoots should be cut off and new horizontally creeping shoots will soon form from the plant basis and gradually colonize the gravel | [
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http://aqwwiki.wikidot.com/doomwood-rep | New Releases Encyclopedia World Items Other Info Tools Join this Site Tribute Wall Recent Changes Random Page Forums AQW Forum Wiki Forum Recent Posts AQW Wiki Discord Other AE Wikis HEROSmash Wiki OverSoul Wiki Useful Links Artixcom BattleOn Forums AQW Forum AQW Guides BattleOn Portal AQW Design Notes HeroMart Lorepedia AE Games AdventureQuest AdventureQuest 3D AdventureQuest Worlds AQDragons ArchKnight BattleGems BioBeasts DragonFable Ebil Games Epic Duel HEROSmash MechQuest OverSoul Undead Assault WarpForce Social Network Sites AQW Wiki Twitter AQWorlds Facebook Artix Entertainment Facebook Artix Entertainment Twitter List of all tags DoomWood Rep AQWorlds Wiki World Shops DoomWood Rep Location Lady Speedstyk Lightguard Keep Note Also see Doomwood II Rep Weapons Classes Armors Helms Back Items Misc Items Name Rank Price Blood Fire Rank 6 DoomWood 5000 Gold Blood Ice Rank 6 DoomWood 5000 Gold Green Blade Rank 6 DoomWood 15000 Gold Heavy Holy Blade Rank 9 DoomWood 15000 Gold Twisted Cleaver Rank 9 DoomWood 15000 Gold Destiny Blade and Shield Rank 7 DoomWood 12000 Gold Golden Destiny Rank 8 DoomWood 15000 Gold Golden Slicers Rank 8 DoomWood 12500 Gold Holy Shield and Hammer Rank 9 DoomWood 25000 Gold Holy Shield and Sword Rank 7 DoomWood 15000 Gold Skullface Mace Rank 2 DoomWood 5000 Gold Twisted Rippers Rank 8 DoomWood 10000 Gold Strike True Rank 7 DoomWood 15000 Gold Cuddlestick Rank 6 DoomWood 10000 Gold Wrath of Heaven Rank 10 DoomWood 25000 Gold Spear of Light Rank 4 DoomWood 15555 Gold Death Standard Rank 7 DoomWood 5000 Gold Deathstare Staff Rank 3 DoomWood 5000 Gold SkullStaff of Torment Rank 2 DoomWood 6000 Gold Supremacy Rank 9 DoomWood 10000 Gold Browse this shop in our free web game at wwwAQcom _d freeplayer shop | [
"DoomWood Rep"
] |
http://aradiology.com/procedures/rfablation/ | Radiofrequency Ablation What is Radiofrequency Ablation Radiofrequency nerve ablation is the term used when radio waves are generated to ablate the nerve . The heat essentially destroys the nerve eliminating its ability to transmit pain signals . What do I do prior to the procedure ? You should allow approximately 1 to 2 hours for the procedure . You will need to arrange a driver to take you home after the procedure What nerve is ablated ? Radiofrequency ablation is used to destroy the median nerves that supply the facet joints in the spine . There are two for each facet joint . These joints are the small posterior joints on either side of the spine . These joints can be one source of back pain . How is it determined if I am a candidate for this procedure ? Pain management using radio frequency involves three days of evaluation . Two separate trials with local anesthetic . If positive relief of pain is achieved then 3rd day the RF ablation for long term relief is performed . 1st Day Trial One : Sensorcaine : The patient will come in and the radiologist will inject sensorcaine into the indicated area . The patient will relax in our recovery room for 20 - 30 minutes . The patients pain relief on a scale of 1 to 10 is documented . The patients then scheduled for a second injection of lidocaine on a separate day . The patient logs thee level of relief / duration . 2nd Day Trial Two : Lidocaine : The radiologist injects the patient with lidocaine in the area of concern . The patient rests for 20 - 30 minutes in our recovery room and the degree of pain relief is documented . If the patient receives significant relief from both the injections they are a candidate for radio frequency ablation with 85 % likelihood for success . If relief with one or the other trial there is a 50 % likelihood for success . What is the procedure like for the ablation ? What Recovery is Required ? What is the long - term effect of the injections ? | [
"Radiofrequency Ablation",
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http://arborvalleyapartmentliving.com/ | relax enjoy live VIEW FLOOR PLANS Welcome Welcome to Arbor Valley Apartments When you call Arbor Valley Apartments home youll find yourself surrounded in luxury unsurpassed by any other community in the area Our brand new one and twobedroom floor plans include a variety of great amenities The professional onsite management staff will assist you in meeting all of your needs Arbor Valley Apartments Unsurpassed Features You will love the vast array of apartment features available at Arbor Valley Apartments luxury finishes like granite counters upgraded craftsmanstyle woodwork and cabinetry woodlook flooring stainless steel appliances controlled access private entrances attached garages washerdryer and walkin closets just to name a few Apartment Living in Hartland Wisconsin Arbor Valley Apartments is located in the Village of Hartland in Wisconsins beautiful Lake Country Known for its small town charm and friendly relaxed atmosphere Hartland is home to outstanding schools fine churches lovely homes excellent medical facilities great shopping services and fine restaurants Take a look around the neighborhood and see for yourself Tour Arbor Valley Apartment Community While there may be many apartments for rent in Hartland Arbor Valley Apartments brand new community and luxury features along with our exceptional team will help make your decision easy If you would like to learn more about calling Arbor Valley Apartments your new home we invite you to come and share the experience of Arbor Valley Apartments on a personalized grand tour AMENITIES FLOOR PLANS GALLERY THE NEIGHBORHOOD Theres always something to do Come see what our neighborhood has to offer EXPLORE OUR NEIGHBORHOOD HAVE QUESTIONS Wed love to hear from you Give us a call or click the link below to send us a message using our contact form | [
"Arbor Valley Apartments",
"Unsurpassed Features"
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http://arbuilding.com/property-detail-bridgeway.asp | Bridgeway Apartments 8659806200 Email us Starting Rates reflect an 18 month lease term Studio 919 monthly 1 BR 984 monthly 2 BR 1074 monthly 3 BR 1525 monthly Current Residents Click Here Apply Now Complete Application 1000 Bridgeway Drive Maryville TN 37801 Bridgeway Apartment Homes offer modern features and distinctions that are specifically designed for convenience luxury and value Its about having more quality time to spend with family and friends upgraded interiors flexible spaces and the ideal floor plan to suit your lifestyle Office Hours Monday Thursday 830 am to 500 pm Friday 800 am to 400 pm Saturday Sunday Closed Apartment Features Community Features Dog park Dry cleaning pickupdelivery at office Package acceptance Pet friendly Picnic and grill area Award Winning Maryville School District Clubhouse with Wii room and Internet lounge Spacious Fitness center with circuit weights Includes Cable and Internet Valet Trash PickUp At Your Door Playground Close to I29 Foothills Mall Alcoa Denso Near Maryville College and Blount Memorial Hospital Resort style saltwater swimming pool Sunbathing submerged deck | [
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http://arbys.com/our-menu/salads/roast-turkey-farmhouse-salad | Menu Salads Roast Turkey Farmhouse Salad Roast Turkey Farmhouse Salad Roast Turkey Pepper Bacon Shredded Cheddar Cheese Chopped Tomatoes Mixed Lettuce Greens Shredded Iceberg Lettuce We call this salad the Farmhouse Salad because it is made with things you would grow on a farm . Things like meat . But not just any meat . It is topped with our juicy roast turkey and diced pepper bacon . It also comes with the usual salad stuff like chopped fresh lettuce , diced tomatoes and shredded cheddar cheese . Nutritional Info Build A Meal Give your food some company Curly fries Mozzarella Sticks Ultimate Chocolate Shake | [
"ROAST TURKEY FARMHOUSE SALAD",
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http://arcanum.wikia.com/wiki/Arbalah%27s_House | in Locations Arbalahs House 1 Recent Grave The gravestone reads Jamilah Beloved Wife and Mother 2 Recent Grave The gravestone reads Saif Beloved Son 3 Arbalahs House The door is locked at night but once you get inside youll meet Arbalah If you talked to Brehgo previously youll find out hes not as innocent as he portrayed himself In fact Brehgo and his partner Fahrkus butchered Arbalahs family and stole a religious artifact from him Arbalah will ask you to retrieve the artifact To do that youll need to talk to Brehgos ghost in the Crash Site Cave Tell him that you spoke to Arbalah and then lie and say Arbalah will lift the curse if he tells you where Fahrkus and the artifact are Hell give you the location of Simon Fahrkus Shack Once you get the artifact from Fahrkus and return it to Arbalah youll receive Arbalahs blessing which gives you a 5 reaction bonus Youll also increase your alignment If youre feeling evil you can also kill Arbalah to complete a quest for Brehgo even after receiving Arbalahs blessing The deed will lower your alignment slightly but when you return to Brehgo youll receive 1000 experience points provided you didnt lie to him or taunt him before If you tell Brehgo you enjoy killing innocents then youll lose more alignment Categories Locations | [
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http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologicalsi3/fl/The-Roman-Colosseum-Chronology-and-Recent-Investigations_2.htm | Humanities History & Culture From Flavian Amphitheater to Colosseum Ancient Roman development of the familiar sports arena James Martin ( goeurope . about . com ) Colosseum Picture . James Martin ( goeurope . about . com ) by N.S. Gill Updated January 07 , 2018 Basics on the Colosseum | Colosseum Details The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater is one of the most well - known of the ancient Roman structures because so much of it still remains . Meaning : Amphitheater comes from the Greek amphi ~ on both sides and theatron ~ semicircular viewing place or theater . An Improvement Over the Existing Design The Circus The Colosseum in Rome is an amphitheater . It was developed as an improvement over the differently shaped but similarly used Circus Maximus , for gladiatorial combats , wild beast fights ( venationes ) , and mock naval battles ( naumachiae ) . Spine : Elliptical in shape , the circus had a fixed central divider called a spina down the middle , which was useful in chariot races , but got in the way during fights . Viewing : In addition , the spectators ' view was limited in the circus . The amphitheater put spectators on all sides of the action . Flimsy Early Amphitheaters In 50 B.C. , C . Scribonius Curio built the first amphitheater in Rome to stage his father ' s funeral games . Curio ' s amphitheater and the next one , built in 46 B.C. , by Julius Caesar , were made of wood . The weight of the spectators was at times too great for the wooden structure and , of course , the wood was easily destroyed by fire . Stable Amphitheater The Emperor Augustus designed a more substantial amphitheater to stage venationes , but it was n ' t until the Flavian emperors , Vespasian and Titus , that the enduring , limestone , brick , and marble Amphitheatrum Flavium ( aka Vespasian ' s Amphitheater ) was built . " The construction utilized a careful combination of types : concrete for the foundations , travertine for the piers and arcades , tufa infill between piers for the walls of the lower two levels , and brick - faced concrete used for the upper levels and for most of the vaults . " Great Buildings Online - Roman Colosseum The amphitheater was dedicated in A.D. 80 , in a ceremony lasting a hundred days , with the slaughter of 5000 sacrificial animals . The amphitheater may not have been finished , however , until the reign of Titus ' brother Domitian . Lightning damaged the amphitheater , but later emperors repaired and maintained it until the games were ended in the sixth century . Source of the Name Colosseum The medieval historian Bede applied the name Colosseum ( Colyseus ) to the Amphitheatrum Flavium , possibly because the amphitheater - - which had taken back the pond on the land Nero had devoted to his extravagant golden palace ( domus aurea ) - - stood beside a colossal statue of Nero . This etymology is disputed . Size of the Flavian Amphitheater The tallest Roman structure , the colosseum was about 160 feet high and covered about six acres . Its long axis is 188m and its short , 156m . Construction used 100,000 cu . meters of travertine ( like the cella of the Temple of Hercules Victor ) , and 300 tons of iron for clamps , according to Filippo Coarelli in Rome and Environs Although all the seats are gone , at the end of the 19th century , the seating potential was calculated and the figures are generally accepted . There were likely 87,000 seats in 45 - 50 rows inside the colosseum . Coarelli says social standing determined seating , so those rows closest to the action were reserved for the senatorial classes , whose special seats were inscribed with their names and made of marble . Women were separated at public events from the time of the earliest emperor , Augustus . The Romans probably held mock sea battles in the Flavian Amphitheater . Vomitoria There were 64 numbered doors to let spectators in and out that were called vomitoria N.B. : Vomitoria were exits , not places spectators regurgitated the contents of their stomachs to facilitate binge eating and drinking . People vomited forth , so to speak , from the exits . Other Noteworthy Aspects of the Colosseum There were substructures under the fighting area that may have been animal dens or channels for water for or from the mock naval battles . It is hard to determine how the Romans produced and naumachiae on the same day . A removable awning called velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun . The outside of the Flavian amphitheater has three rows of arches , each built according to a different order of architecture , Tuscan ( the simplest , Doric , but with an Ionic base ) , on the ground level , then Ionic , and then the most ornate of the three Greek orders , the Corinth ian . The vaults of the Colosseum were both barrel and groined ( where barrel arches intersect each other at right angles ) . The core was concrete , with the exterior covered in cut stone . Terms to Know About Architectural Orders Roman Monuments and Roman Architecture Continue Reading | [
"Flavian Amphitheater",
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http://archaeology.about.com/od/cbthroughch/qt/Chinampa.htm | Science , Tech , Math Social Sciences Chinampa - Ancient Agricultural System of Floating Gardens Highly Productive and Ecologically Sound Ancient Farms Chinampa Gardens at Xochimilco . Hernรกn Garcรญa Crespo by K . Kris Hirst Updated January 18 , 2019 Chinampa system farming ( sometimes called floating gardens ) is a form of ancient raised field agriculture , used by American communities at least as early as 1250 CE , and successfully used by small farmers today as well . Chinampas are long narrow garden beds separated by canals . The garden land is built up from the wetland by stacking alternating layers of lake mud and thick mats of decaying vegetation . The process is typically characterized by exceptionally high yields per unit of land . The word chinampa is a Nahuatl ( native Aztec ) word , chinamitl , meaning an area enclosed by hedges or canes . Key Takeaways : Chinampas Chinampas are a type of raised field agriculture used in wetlands , constructed of stacked alternating layers of mud and decaying vegetation . The fields are built with a series of long alternating strips of canals and raised fields . If properly maintained , by dredging organic - rich canal muck and placing it onto of the raised fields , chinampas are quite productive . They were seen by the by Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes when he reached the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan ( Mexico City ) in 1519 . The oldest chinampas in the Basin of Mexico date to ca . 1250 CE , well before the formation of the Aztec empire in 1431 . Cortes and the Aztec Floating Gardens The first historical record of chinampas was by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes , who arrived in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan ( now Mexico City ) in 1519 . At the time , the basin of Mexico where the city is located was characterized by an interconnected system of lakes and lagoons of varying size , elevation , and salinity . Cortes saw agricultural plots on rafts on the surface of some of the lagoons and lakes , connected to the shore by causeways , and to the lakebeds by willow trees . The Aztecs did not invent chinampa technology . The earliest chinampas in the Basin of Mexico date to the Middle Postclassic periods , about 1250 CE , more than 150 years before the formation of the Aztec empire in 1431 . Some archaeological evidence exists showing that the Aztecs damaged some of the existing chinampas when they took over the basin of Mexico . Ancient Chinampa Aerial view over Xochimilco traditional agricultural fields Mexico City , March 16 , 2015 . Getty Images / Ulrike Stein / Stock Editorial Ancient chinampa systems have been identified throughout the highland and lowland regions of both continents of the Americas , and are also currently in use in highland and lowland Mexico on both coasts ; in Belize and Guatemala ; in the Andean highlands and Amazonian lowlands . Chinampa fields are generally about 13 feet ( 4 meters ) wide but can be up to 1,300 โ 3,000 ft ( 400 โ 900 m ) in length . Ancient chinampa fields are difficult to identify archaeologically if they ' ve been abandoned and allowed to silt over : However , a wide variety of remote sensing techniques such as aerial photography have been used to find them with considerable success . Other information about chinampas is found in archival colonial records and historic texts , ethnographic descriptions of historic period chinampa farming schemes , and ecological studies on modern ones . Historical mentions of chinampa gardening date to the early Spanish colonial period . Farming on a Chinampa Chinampa Field Scene , Xochimilco . Hernรกn Garcรญa Crespo The benefits of a chinampa system are that the water in the canals provides a consistent passive source of irrigation . Chinampa systems , as mapped by environmental anthropologist Christopher T . Morehart , include a complex of major and minor canals , which act both as freshwater arteries and provide canoe access to and from the fields . To maintain the fields , the farmer must continually dredge soil from the canals , and redeposit the soil atop the garden beds . The canal muck is organically rich from rotting vegetation and household wastes . Estimates of the productivity based on modern communities suggest that 2.5 acres ( 1 hectare ) of chinampa gardening in the basin of Mexico could provide an annual subsistence for 15 โ 20 people . Some scholars argue that one reason chinampa systems are so successful has to do with the diversity of species used within the plant beds . A chinampa system in San Andrรฉs Mixquic , a small community located about 25 miles ( 40 kilometers ) from Mexico City , was found to include an astonishing 146 different plant species , including 51 separate domesticated plants . Other benefits include a damping down of plant diseases , compared to ground - based agriculture . Ecological Studies Instensive studies in Mexico City have been focused on chinampas in Xaltocan and Xochimilco . Xochimilco chinampas include not just crops such as maize , squash , vegetables , and flowers but small - scale animal and meat production , hens , turkeys , fighting cocks , pigs , rabbits and sheep . In sub - urban spaces , there are also draft animals ( mules and horses ) used to draw carts for maintenance purposes and take visiting local tourists . Beginning in 1990 , heavy metal pesticides such as methyl parathion were applied to some chinampas in Xochimilco . Methyl parathion is an organophosphate which is extremely toxic to mammals and birds , which negatively impacted the kinds of levels of nitrogen available in the chinampa soils , decreasing beneficial types and increasing those not - so - beneficial . A study by Mexican ecologist Claudia Chรกvez - Lรณpez and colleagues reports successful laboratory tests removing the pesticide , lending hope that damaged fields may yet be restored . Archaeology Chinampa or floating gardens , Mexico , journey of Leon De Pontelli to Central America , from L ' Illustration , Journal Universel 886 ( 35 ) , February 18 , 1860 . De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana Getty Images The first archaeological investigations into chinampa farming were in the 1940s , when Spanish archaeologist Pedro Armillas identified relict Aztec chinampa fields in the Basin of Mexico , by examining aerial photographs . Additional surveys of central Mexico were conducted by US archaeologist William Sanders and colleagues in the 1970s , who identified additional fields associated with the various barrios of Tenochtitlan Chronological data suggests chinampas were built at the Aztec community of Xaltocan during the Middle Postclassic period after significant amounts of political organization was in place . Morehart ( 2012 ) reported a 3,700 โ 5,000 ac ( ~ 1,500 โ 2,000 ha ) chinampa system at the postclassic kingdom , based on aerial photographs , Landsat 7 data , and Quickbird VHR multispectral imagery , integrated into a GIS system . Chinampas and Politics Although Morehart and colleagues once argued that chinampas required a top - down organization to be implemented , most scholars today ( including Morehart ) agree that building and maintaining of chinampa farms do not require organizational and administrative responsibilities at the state level . Indeed , archaeological studies at Xaltocan and ethnographic studies at Tiwanaku have provided evidence that the meddling of the state in chinampa farming is detrimental to a successful enterprise . As a result , chinampa farming may be well - suited to locally - driven agricultural efforts today . Sources Chรกvez - Lรณpez , C . , et al . " Removal of Methyl Parathion from a Chinampa Agricultural Soil of Xochimilco Mexico : A Laboratory Study . " European Journal of Soil Biology 47.4 ( 2011 ) : 264 โ 69 . Print . Losada Custardoy , Hermenegildo Romรกn , et al . " The Use of Organic Waste from Animals and Plants as Important Input to Urban Agriculture in Mรฉxico City . " International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 5.1 ( 2015 ) . Print . Morehart , Christopher T . " Chinampa Agriculture , Surplus Production , and Political Change at Xaltocan , Mexico . " Ancient Mesoamerica 27.1 ( 2016 ) : 183 โ 96 . Print . - - - . " Mapping Ancient Chinampa Landscapes in the Basin of Mexico : A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach . " Journal of Archaeological Science 39.7 ( 2012 ) : 2541 โ 51 . Print . - - - . " The Political Ecology of Chinampa Landscapes in the Basin of Mexico . " Water and Power in Past Societies . Ed . Holt , Emily . Albany : State University of New York Press , 2018 . 19 โ 40 . Print . Morehart , Christopher T . , and Charles D . Frederick . " The Chronology and Collapse of Pre - Aztec Raised Field ( Chinampa ) Agriculture in the Northern Basin of Mexico Antiquity 88.340 ( 2014 ) : 531 โ 48 . Print . Continue Reading | [
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"Floating Gardens"
] |
http://archaeology.about.com/od/sterms/g/sedentism.htm | Science , Tech , Math Social Sciences Sedentism : The Ancient Process of Building a Community Who Decided it was a Good Idea to Stop Wandering and Move into Town ? Reconstructed Pit Dwelling , Sannai Maruyama . nyaa birdies perch by K . Kris Hirst Updated November 12 , 2017 Sedentism refers to the decision made first by humans at least 12,000 years ago to start living in groups for long periods of time . Settling down , picking a place and living in it permanently for at least part of the year , is partially but not entirely related to how a group gets required resources โ gathered and grown food , stone for tools , and wood for housing and fires . Hunter - Gatherers and Farmers In the 19th century , anthropologists defined two different lifeways for people beginning in the Upper Paleolithic period . The earliest lifeway , called hunting and gathering , describes people who were highly mobile , following herds of animals such as bison and reindeer or moving with normal seasonal climatic changes to collect plant foods as they ripened . By the Neolithic period , so the theory went , people domesticated plants and animals , necessitating permanent settlement to maintain their fields . However , extensive research since then suggests that sedentism and mobility โ and hunter - gatherers and farmers โ were not separate lifeways but rather two ends of a continuum that the groups modified as circumstances required . Since the 1970s , anthropologists use the term complex hunter - gatherers to refer to hunter - gatherers who have some elements of complexity , including permanent or semi - permanent residences . But even that does n ' t encompass the variability that is today apparent : in the past , people changed how mobile their lifestyles were depending on circumstances โ sometimes climatic changes , but a range of reasons โ from year to year and decade to decade . What Makes a Settlement " Permanent " ? Identifying communities as permanent ones is somewhat difficult . Houses are older than sedentism , of course : residences such as brushwood huts at Ohalo II in Israel and mammoth bone dwellings in Eurasia occur as early as 20,000 years ago . Houses made of animal skin , called tipis or yurts , were the homestyle of choice for mobile hunter - gatherers throughout the world for an unknown period of time before that . The earliest permanent structures , made from stone and fired brick , were apparently public structures rather than residences , ritual places shared by a mobile community who would visit for annual rituals . Examples include the monumental structures of Gobekli Tepe , the tower at Jericho , and the communal buildings at other early sites such as Jerf el Ahmar and Mureybet , all in the Levant region of Eurasia . Some of the traditional features of sedentism are residential areas where houses were built close to one another , large - scale food storage and cemeteries , permanent architecture , increased population levels , non - transportable toolkits ( such as massive grinding stones ) , agricultural structures such as terraces and dams , animal pens , pottery , metals , calendars , record - keeping , slavery , and feasting . But โ all of these features are related to the development of prestige economies , rather than sedentism , and most developed in some form prior to permanent year - round sedentism . Natufians and Sedentism The earliest potentially sedentary society on our planet was the Mesolithic Natufian , located in the Near East between 13,000 and 10,500 years ago ( BP ) . However , much debate exists about the degree of sedentism . Natufians were more or less egalitarian hunter - gatherers , whose social governance shifted as they shifted their economic structure . By about 10,500 BP , the Natufians developed into what archaeologists call Early Pre - Pottery Neolithic , as they increased in population and reliance on domesticated plants and animals and began living in at least partially year - round villages . These processes were slow , over periods of thousands of years and intermittent fits and starts . Sedentism arose , quite independently , in other areas of our planet at different times : but like the Natufians , societies in places such as Neolithic China , South America ' s Caral - Supe , the North American Pueblo societies and the precursors to the Maya at Ceibal , all changed slowly and at different rates over a long period of time . Sources : Asouti E , and Fuller DQ . 2013 . A contextual approach to the emergence of agriculture in southwest Asia : Reconstructing Early Neolithic plant - food production . Current Anthropology 54 ( 3 ) : 299 - 345 . Finlayson B , Mithen SJ , Najjar M , Smith S , Maricevic D , Pankhurst N , and Yeomans L . 2011 . Architecture , sedentism , and social complexity at Pre - Pottery Neolithic A WF16 , Southern Jordan . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 ( 20 ) : 8183 - 8188 . Inomata T , MacLellan J , Triadan D , Munson J , Burham M , Aoyama K , Nasu H , Pinzรณn F , and Yonenobu H . 2015 . Development of sedentary communities in the Maya lowlands : coexisting mobile groups and public ceremonies at Ceibal , Guatemala . P roceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 ( 14 ) : 4268 - 4273 . Railey JA . 2010 . Reduced mobility or the bow and arrow ? Another look at " expedient " technologies and sedentism . American Antiquity 75 ( 2 ) : 259 - 286 . Reed PF , and Geib PR . 2013 . Sedentism , Social Change , Warfare , and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest . Evolutionary Anthropology : Issues , News , and Reviews 22 ( 3 ) : 103 - 110 . Rosen AM , and Rivera - Collazo I . 2012 . Climate change , adaptive cycles , and the persistence of foraging economies during the late Pleistocene / Holocene transition in the Levant . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 ( 10 ) : 3640 - 3645 . Continue Reading | [
"Sedentism",
"Building a Community"
] |
http://archaeologyinfo.com/genus-homo/ | H omo habilis is a well - known , but poorly defined species . The specimen that led to the naming of this species ( OH 7 ) was discovered in 1960 , by the Leakey team in Olduvai Gorge , Tanzania . T he species designation of Homo rudolfensis is a much debated topic , over both whether it is a separate species , and if it is an australopithecine rather than a member of the genus Homo . H omo ergaster is one of the more problematic of somewhat accepted species designations currently tossed around in anthropological literature . T he species was named by Eugรจne Dubois ( it was originally designated as Pithecanthropus erectus ) in 1894 , after his 1891 find from Trinil , Java , in Indonesia ( Trinil 2 ) which was later associated with the Chinese renamed Homo erectus . he beginning of paleoanthropology as a scientific discipline began on an August day in 1856 . On that day the specimen that was to become known as Neanderthal 1 was discovered in the Feldhofer grotto , in the Neander Valley , Germany . O ur timeline ends with this group of hominids that share the anatomically modern traits associated with us , humans showing up in the fossil record approx . 100,000 years ago . The earliest modern H . sapiens have been found in South Africa . | [
"Homo habilis",
"Olduvai Gorge , Tanzania ."
] |
http://archeage.gamepedia.com/Wolfhound | Wolfhound navigation search Overview The Wolfhound is the Western Continent ( Nuia ) Battle Pet . All races can buy the Battle Pet for 10 at Dawnsliver in Marianople The Nuia factions can obtain the Battle Pet for free by completing the Wool for a Wolfhound quest in Dawnsliver The wolfhound starts at level 25 . The Wolfhound often is n ' t used by players as its DPS is barely noticeable to the average player . However , a leveled up wolfhound gets multiple abilities , wich when right clicked for auto - use , can be extremely helpful and effective , especially for ranged and healer players . Abilities Icon Level Skill Effect 20 Scratch Strengthens pet ' s scratch to deal 192 Physical Damage . 25 Health Regen Restores + 601 of pet ' s health . 30 Berserk Increases pet ' s Attack Speed + 100 % for 12sec . 35 Overrun Hastens caster ' s run so they can dash into enemies and deal 128 Physical Damage with a chance to Trip for 2sec . 40 Guard Dog Taunts an enemy by maxing pet ' s Aggro , forcing enemies to attack it . Category Battle Pets | [
"Wolfhound",
"Western Continent ( Nuia ) Battle Pet ."
] |
http://archinect.com/forum/thread/19988/autocad-z-axis-question | anchor AutoCAD Z axis question 23 Last toasteroven History Contact I ' m having a bit of trouble with an AutoCAD file an intern had worked on . . . all of the lines are on different Z - planes , and i need to set them all at 0 . I was wondering if there is a quick way of setting everything to zero - or am i going to have to select each line ? I ' ve purged all 3D blocks he managed to put in there ( i have no idea where he got them from ) . . . any advice ? thanks - to Jun 6 , 05 2 : 34 pm el jeffe History Contact select all , open the Properties , adjust the Z height to whatever value you want . Jun 6 , 05 2 : 40 pm aseid download the flatten . lsp and appload it Jun 6 , 05 2 : 53 pm Per Corell Hi The problem you could face would be a block that contain several entities so even you " move " the block to zero Z value then the actural contained in the block , are still in their own hight . Sometimes the old DXB export are still better than a " flatten " but it will only make a new graphic the DXB format do not even hide the original scale , still for a fast and dirty job , it could be the option you ask . Othervise you must be sure that all blocks are exploded - - - - acturly this was a huge problem for several generations AutoCAD but if you want to be sure you change all entities , there are no better way , than using the tables search functions and Ssget filters all way down where there are no block inserts , - - - - - sorry I ca n ' t gurantie if the Explode function will work with complex and unequaly scaled entities contained in scaled blocks , but I guess there are a reson , why " Now I know that AutoCAD 14 are a bit trickey about just this , that you need to check if an exploded unequal block insert _can_ be exploded if the block contain just one entity , but I also experienced and payed for , the fact that blocks can explode back to original xyz value instead of being exploded to carry the measures given by xyz scaling the block insert , but I also guess theis fora carry more knowleagable specialists , that know the limitations about changing Z value . Anyway Flatten and DXB , just aswell as a number of print applications alway ' s was avaible . Jun 6 , 05 5 : 10 pm ap If you have express tools , there is a menu item called ' flatten object ' . Just select everything and remember to explode the blocks before using the tool . Jun 6 , 05 5 : 25 pm .dwg press control - a to select all , and then what if you just type ' change ' then ' e ' for elevation and then ' 0 ' . . . ? Jun 6 , 05 5 : 30 pm Per Corell I maby shuld explain where this is a problem ; say you model a boat hull but find that the boat hull must be 20 pct longer and 5 pct more shallow in the water . What you could do was to make the boat into a block and insert that block with the scale factor that make it 20 pct . longer and 5 pct . more out of the water , keeping the same wide . Now from that you can not extract any geometric information , unless you read the scale factor from the block insert entity property , that you get with Ssget - - - there you can find the scale factor even you forgot it , but if the AutoCAD explode the hull back to original xyz measures becaurse it ca n ' t maneage complex blocks , then you must find a way to get the new measures to produce that actural hull . - - - - - - - - - - - Now both Flattern and Explode face the same problem as they both must be able to reach the innermost block contain and alter the original entities compared the scale you used inserting their block , - - - my solution so I could shape and form boathull standard blocks into nice designs , was to re - calculate all innermost contained point informations up against the scale information and with Entmake produce a new block and a messeage , that " now a new block with the " oldname Jun 6 , 05 5 : 32 pm toasteroven i ca n ' t just " select all " because i ' ll be selecting text , hatches , etc . . . i ' ve tried turning on an off layers , but whoever set up this drawing did n ' t follow any layering standard - so some lines are on the same layer as hatches and / or text ( the z - plane issue is not the only issue ) . my problem is things like random lines start at 3 " and end at 7 " on the Z axis or something like that . . . i ca n ' t extend or trim lines because nothing is in the same Z plane . . . so i ' ve been selecting things as i run across them and setting them to " elevation 0 " . we really do n ' t want to be modeling anything at this point - these are working drawings , so nothing should be 3D . I was just wondering if there was an easy way to go about this - but i guess there is n ' t . thanks for the suggestions , though . - to Jun 7 , 05 9 : 34 am a - f Ca n ' t you use FILTER or Quick Select to exclude things that are n ' t lines or polylines ? Jun 7 , 05 9 : 45 am Ms Beary seems to me you should be able to quick select anything whose Z value does n ' t equal ( < > ) 0 and then go to properties and change everything to 0 . i just tried to do this and i had to select " lines " that were n ' t at zero , then " hatches " , then " x - refs " , so it might take you 10 steps or so . Jun 7 , 05 9 : 50 am Hi Tosteroven there are an easy way , it ' s the dxb plot option that make any entity into just vectors when you import the DXB into an emty drawing - - - sad thing is that you lose any information about hatches and lines but they still are there just as vectors all being compleatly " flatterned " . Also you do n ' t need to select all , there are many way ' s to flter out lines , polylines , or only select lines or polylines , look at the Ssget " x " options that allow you to chose just anything you want to add the selection set . Jun 7 , 05 11 : 54 am el jeffe toasteroven , a - f is exactly correct . in the Properies box after you select all , you can pick the pull - down ribbon and it ' ll list all object by type . Simply select " lines " and it ' ll automatically filter everything fromthe selections et except lines . no need to worry at all about layers , etc . Per , Occam ' s Razor - look it up for chrissakes . . . Jun 7 , 05 12 : 56 pm Realy things only get as good as you expect them to be , if god want a world at a third the cost four times as strong , god proberly would use a guy like me to promote the promise , just to fool you guy ' s , someone who already try make it just a bit better as making it just as yestoday is no challance . Maby god just want to offer you Romans the chance to make some beauty with the new technology , think about that Romans . Jun 7 , 05 5 : 29 pm sameolddoctor hhahahaah Jun 7 , 05 5 : 55 pm b3tadine [ sutures ] OMG ! Jun 7 , 05 8 : 19 pm biomec heehehehehehe Jun 7 , 05 9 : 07 pm b3tadine [ sutures ] i really want to know what mrs . per thinks of our resident genius . i wonder if she is a roman like the rest of us ? Jun 7 , 05 10 : 34 pm aseid why are we still talking about this ? just use the flatten . lsp and everything will be ok , no need to get complicated it is pretty simple it makes all z coordinated flatten down to the 0 xy plane Jun 7 , 05 11 : 02 pm gonzo command " zzero " grab everything , pl will not be effected . Jun 8 , 05 4 : 16 am ap what is the ' flatten . lsp ' and how do you download it and use it ? Jun 8 , 05 8 : 43 am A bit off / topic I agrea that the use of flattern allway ' s made me wonder . Sure it is handy to sort of take a screen shot of a 3D scene , make it into a flat thing but realy that ' s also where you stop making 3D sense . 3D cad systems realy are not so complicated , I guess the reson for this tread is that the system ca n ' t accept to edit on a 3D line or connect 3d lines that do n ' t share the same plane - - - well shuld n ' t we be glad it will not , as if you expect to connect two lines without drawing a line inbetween is like solving the problem with apples by making them into banana ' s . Realy if you " flattern " a 3D line that line are lost , you now have a line that seen from top would look as having same length but it do n ' t , it is something quite else all information are lost and only thing to use it for , is a topview . Bang the 3D inviroment with a huge hammer make it flat what ' s the point ? Sure it make nice plans but just plotting from top down will make the same . Then edditing polylines that will not conect is also against nature in a CAD program what ' s the point ? Now there are a handfull of calculations avaible when you fiddle around with vectors in 3D , but most often to edit polylines to lay on same plane , so you can extrude them , is about making the system remember the various entities , so you can delete them when you made actural new ones , new ones that acturly follow those planes , that is obvious that you need to follow all according what rutines you want to use - - - - yestoday I found a " 3D map " of the city of copenhagen , and Same dead end road . Jun 8 , 05 9 : 13 am a - f Amo amas amat , amamis amatis amant We ' re all Romans , unconscious collective We are all Romans , we live to regret it We are all Romans and we know all about straight roads Every straight road leads home Home to Rome Two plus two , equals four , four plus four equal eight We organise via property as power Slavehood and freedom , imperial purple Pax , Romana ! Jun 8 , 05 10 : 55 am Centurion : What is this then ? Romanes eunt domus , " People called Romanes they go the house " ? Brian It - it says , " Romans , go home " ! Centurion : No , it does n ' t ! What ' s Latin for " Roman " ? [ grabs Brian ' s ear ] Come on , come on ! Brian : Romanus ! Centurion : Goes like ? Brian : Annus ! Centurion : Vocative plural of annus is . . . ? Brian : Anni ? Centurion : [ writes ] Romani . And eunt ? What is eunt ? Brian : " Go " ! Let - Centurion : Conjugate the verb " to go " . Brian : Ire ; eo , is , it , imus , itis , eunt ! Centurion : So eunt is . . . ? Brian : Third person plural , present indicative . " They go ! " Centurion : But " Romans , go home " is an order , so you must use the . . . ? Brian : The . . . imperative ! Centurion : Which is . . . ? Brian : I ! Centurion : [ twisting Brian ' s ear ] How many Romans ? Brian : [ yelling ] I . . Plural , plural ! Ite , ite ! Centurion : [ writing ] Ite . Domus ? Nominative ? But " go home " , it is motion towards , is n ' t it , boy ? Brian : Dative , sir ! [ The centurion promptly draws his swords and presses it against Brian ' s throat . Brian yells : ] No , not dative ! Not the dative , sir ! No ! The . . . accusative , accusative ! Domum , sir , ad domum ! Centurion : Except that domus takes the . . . ? Brian : The locative , sir ! Centurion : Which is ? Brian : Domum ! Centurion : [ writing ] Domum . . . - um [ sheathing his sword ] Understand ? [ Brian nods eagerly ] Now , write it out a hundred times ! Brian : Yes , sir , thank you , sir ! Hail Caesar ! Centurion : Hail Caesar . If it ' s not done by sunrise , I ' ll cut your balls off ! Brian : Oh , thank you , sir . Thank you , sir . Hail Caesar and everything , sir ! Jun 8 , 05 11 : 45 am Today I visited two sites about CAD and 3D . I told about the first where " Now a 3D Town plan are avaible " ; that 3D drawing showed to be a lame 2D scan of a map of copenhagen with every object a zero Z and highest count Z also as zero is the hight of vectors while they are 2D entities , but the second site , a site about the digital challances in building construction the claim was , that drafting standards realy was a must and something shuld be done agout it , as othervise Now as from what I would expect , a 3D drawing realy do n ' t need to carry dimentions like the old 2D would show dimentions for diameters and sorts , becaurse as anyone who learned just the basics would know , that with 3D you draw one - to - one , so if you complain about missing dimentions , you shuld rather look if this are for once a true 3D drawing , as in such one the measures are there avaible with the measure tools and you do n ' t need to reverse engineer it - - - - - - - - Unless you decided for your own CAD standards . Anyway at the same site , they almost decided for scrapping CAD as a 3D tool ; there simply are no need for those geometric informations and if dimentions are not seen on the screen it is left to another group discussion for the next 3 years to be ansvered , no problem with that they just ask another 200 mill to spend the time , Then " standards " can be decided by someone that allway ' s worked the good old way , and by no means can see how to put into a CAD system , the - - - - - - Something is flat in the state of denmark . Jun 8 , 05 5 : 22 pm Back to Top โ Back to Discussion List . . . | [
"AutoCAD",
"Z-planes",
"3D blocks"
] |
http://archinect.com/forum/thread/69338/match-scale-in-google-maps-earth | anchor match scale in google maps / earth 4 Last Evan Chakroff History Contact does anyone know a good site / script / method for getting images out of google earth or google maps . . . but at a certain scale ? as in , say i want to draw a direct comparison between the urban cores of two cities halfway across the world , but the on - screen dimentions never match up properly . . . . Jan 3 , 08 4 : 46 pm simples History Contact live . com - maps - which uses microsoft ' s virtual earth has a scale on the bottom right corner . . .if you have the images you want saved , you can just shift + prtscrn and take it to photoshop and scale accordingly . . .don ' t know if it helps , but that ' s how i would try to do it . . . Jan 3 , 08 5 : 45 pm binary scale a sidewalk or a parking space . . .or a road . . . .or a car . . . . that should get you close enough for a map . . . . . . . . or toss hand gernades or horseshoes . i pieced downtown detroit and managed to get a good layout based from sidewalks and p . spaces b Jan 3 , 08 6 : 19 pm FOG Lite plus , Google earth has a scale right in the lower right . You will have to play a bit to get them close however . I typically zoom as far in as I can and then simply ctrl + print screen and dump them all into photshop . But I remember seeing a nice diagram someone did of all the major global cities , was it in those Mayne books on LA maybe ? Something that came out around 2002 or so . . . . Jan 4 , 08 11 : 27 pm Evan Chakroff well i was hoping to get something more exact but i guess when you think about it , even when they ' re getting these images everything ' s thrown way off . . . and no sattelite image will be taken from the exact same height or angle so . . . Jan 5 , 08 2 : 39 pm Back to Top โ Back to Discussion List . . . | [
"google maps"
] |
http://architecture.about.com/cs/greatbuildings/f/worldstallest.htm | Arts , Music , and Recreation Visual Arts The Tallest Buildings in the World Keeping Up With an Ever - Changing List of Skyscrapers The Burj Khalifa Dubai Tower , the World ' s Tallest Building . Burj Khalifa by Martin Child / The Image Bank / Getty Images by Jackie Craven Updated December 18 , 2018 Tall buildings are everywhere . Since it opened in 2010 , the Burj Khalifa in Dubai , United Arab Emirates , has been considered the tallest building in the world , BUT . . . Skyscrapers are being built all around the world . The measured height of new skyscrapers seems to rise every year . Other Supertall and Megatall buildings are on the drawing board . Today the tallest building is in Dubai , but soon the Burj may be second tallest or third or further down the list . What is the tallest building in the world ? It depends on who does the measuring and when it ' s built . Skyscraper buffs disagree on whether features like flagpoles , antennae , and spires should be included when measuring building height . Also under dispute is the question of what , exactly , is the definition of a building . Technically , observation towers and communications towers are considered " structures , " not buildings , because they are not habitable . They do not have residential or office space . Here are the contenders for the world ' s tallest : 1 . The Burj Dubai It opened on January 4 , 2010 , and at a soaring 828 meters ( 2,717 feet ) , the Burj Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is now considered the world ' s tallest building . Keep in mind , however , that these statistics include the skyscraper ' s enormous spire . 2 . Shanghai Tower When it opened in 2015 , the Shanghai Tower was n ' t even close to the height of Burj Dubai , but it readily slipped into place as the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters ( 2,073 feet ) . 3 . Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel The city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia jumped on the skyscraper bandwagon with the 2012 completion of the Fairmont Hotel in the Abraj Al Bait Complex . At 601 meters ( 1,972 feet ) , this towering multi - use building is considered the second tallest in the world . The 40 meters ( 130 feet ) four - faced clock atop the tower announces daily prayers and can be seen 10 miles away from this holy city . 4 . Ping An Finance Center Completed in 2017 , PAFC is yet another skyscraper to be built in Shenzhen , China โ China โ s first Special Economic Zone . Since 1980 , the population of this once - rural community has increased by millions of people , millions of dollars , and millions of square feet of vertical space . At 599 meters high ( 1,965 feet ) , it ' s roughly the same height as the Makkah Clock Royal . 5 . Lotte World Tower Like PAFC , the Lotte was also completed in 2017 and also designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates . It will be in the top 10 highest buildings for a while , at 554.5 meters ( 1,819 feet ) . Located in Seoul , Lotte World Tower is the tallest building in South Korea and third tallest in all of Asia . 6 . One World Trade Center For a while it was thought that the 2002 plan for Freedom Tower in Lower Manhattan easily would become the world ' s tallest building . But security concerns lead designers to scale down their plans . The design of One World Trade Center changed between 2002 and when it opened in 2014 . Today it rises 541 meters ( 1,776 feet ) , but much of that height is in its needle - like spire . The occupied height is a mere 386.6 meters ( 1,268 feet ) โ Willis Tower in Chicago and the IFC in Hong Kong are taller when measured in occupied height . Yet , in 2013 the design architect , David Childs , argued that the 1WTC spire was a " permanent architectural feature , " whose height should be included . The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat ( CTBUH ) agreed and ruled that 1WTC would be the third tallest building in the world when it opened in November 2014 . Although 1WTC may be New York ' s tallest building for a long time , it already has slipped in global ranking โ but so will most of today ' s completed skyscrapers . It ' s story will always be included in books about skyscrapers . 7 . Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre Another Kohn Pedersen Fox - designed Chinese skyscraper , the Chow Thai Fook Finance Centre in the port city of Guangzhou rises 530 meters ( 1,739 feet ) above the Pearl River . Completed in 2016 , it is the third tallest skyscraper in China , a country gone wild with building tall in the 21st century . 8 . The Taipei 101 Tower Measuring 508 meters ( 1,667 feet ) tall , the Taipei 101 Tower in Taipei , Taiwan was widely considered the world ' s tallest building when it opened back in 2004 . But , like the Burj Dubai , the Taipei 101 Tower gets much of its height from a huge spire . 9 . Shanghai World Financial Centre Yes , this is the skyscraper that looks like a giant bottle opener . The Shanghai Financial Centre still turns heads , but not only because it ' s more than 1,600 feet high . It ' s been in the top 10 list of world ' s tallest buildings since it opened in 2008 . 10 . International Commerce Centre ( ICC ) By 2017 , five of the top 10 tallest buildings were in China . The ICC Building , like most of the new skyscrapers on this list , is a multi - use structure that includes hotel space . Built between 2002 and 2010 , the Hong Kong building at 484 meters ( 1,588 feet ) high will surely slip from the world ' s top 10 list , but the hotel will still provide great views ! More From the Top 100 Petronas Twin Towers : At one time the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia were described as the tallest buildings in the world at 452 meters ( 1,483 feet ) . Today they do n ' t even make the top 10 list . Once again , we should look upward โ Cesar Pelli ' s Petronas Towers get much of their height from spires and not from usable space . Willis Tower : If you count only habitable space and measure from the sidewalk level of the main entrance to the structural top of the building ( excluding flagpoles and spires ) , then Chicago ' s Sears Tower ( " Willis Tower " ) , built in 1974 , still ranks among the tallest buildings in the world . Wilshire Grand Center : Up until now , New York City and Chicago have been the two cities to dominate skyscraper height in the U.S. Not anymore . In 2014 , the City of Los Angeles changed an old 1974 local rule that mandated rooftop landing pads for emergency helicopters . Now , with a new fire code and construction methods and materials that mitigate earthquake damage , Los Angeles is looking up . The first to rise is the Wilshire Grand Center in 2017 . At 335.3 meters ( 1,100 feet ) , it ' s on the list of top 100 world ' s tallest buildings , but L.A. should be able to get higher than that . Future Contenders Jeddah Tower : In ranking the tallest , do you count buildings that are still being built ? Kingdom Tower , also known as Jeddah Tower under construction in Saudi Arabia , is designed to have 167 floors above ground โ at a whopping 1000 meters ( 3,281 feet ) high , Kingdom Tower will be more than 500 feet higher than the Burj Khalifa and more than 1500 feet higher than 1WTC . The list of 100 future tallest buildings in the world points to 1WTC not even being in the top 20 in a matter of years . Tokyo Sky Tree : Supposing we included spires , flagpoles , and antennae when measuring building heights . In that case , it might not make sense to distinguish between buildings and towers when ranking building heights . If we rank all man - made structures , whether or not they contain habitable space , then we ' d have to give high rankings to the Tokyo Sky Tree in Japan , measuring 634 meters ( 2,080 feet ) . Next in running is China ' s Canton Tower , which measures 604 meters ( 1,982 feet ) . Finally , there ' s the old 1976 CN Tower in Toronto , Canada . Measuring 553 meters ( 1,815 feet ) tall , the iconic CN Tower was the world ' s tallest for many years . Source 100 Tallest Completed Buildings in the World by Height to Architectural Top Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat , https : / / www . skyscrapercenter . com / buildings [ accessed October 23 , 2017 ] Continue Reading | [
"Burj Khalifa",
"Tallest Buildings",
"Dubai"
] |
http://architecture.about.com/od/damsresevoirs/g/levee.htm | Arts , Music , and Recreation Visual Arts What Is a Levee ? Exploring the Possibilities Levee Definitions , Functions , and Failures by Jackie Craven Updated January 13 , 2018 A levee is a type of dam or wall , usually a man - made embankment , that acts as a barrier between water and property . It is often a raised berm that runs along a river or canal . Levees reinforce a river ' s banks and help prevent flooding . By constricting and confining the flow , however , levees can also increase the speed of the water . Levees can " fail " in at least two ways : ( 1 ) the structure is not high enough to stop rising waters , and ( 2 ) the structure is not strong enough to hold back rising waters . When a levee breaks at a weakened area , the levee is considered " breached , " and water flows through the breach or hole . A levee system often includes pumping stations as well as embankment . A levee system can fail if one or more of the pumping stations fail . Definition of Levee " A man - made structure , usually an earthen embankment or concrete floodwall , designed and constructed in accordance with sound engineering practices to contain , control , or divert the flow of water so as to provide reasonable assurance of excluding temporary flooding from the leveed area . " โ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Types of Levees Levees can be natural or man - made . A natural levee is formed when sediment settles on the river bank , raising the level of the land around the river . To construct a man - made levee , workers pile dirt or concrete along the river banks ( or parallel to any body of water that may rise ) , to create an embankment . This embankment is flat at the top , and slopes at an angle down to the water . For added strength , sandbags are sometimes placed over dirt embankments . Origin of the Word The word levee ( pronounced LEV - ee ) is an Americanism โ that is , a word used in the United States , but not anywhere else in the world . It should come as no surprise that " levee " originated in the great port city of New Orleans , Louisiana , at the mouth of the flood - prone Mississippi River . Coming from the French word levรฉe and the French verb lever meaning " to raise , " handmade embankments to protect farms from seasonal floods became known as levees . A dike serves the same purpose as a levee , but that word comes from the Dutch dijk or German deich Levees Around the World A levee is also known as a floodbank , stopbank , embarkment , and storm barrier . Although the structure goes by different names , levees protect the land in many parts of the world . In Europe , levees prevent flooding along the Po , Vistula , and Danube rivers . In the United States , you will find important levee systems along the Mississippi , Snake , and Sacramento Rivers . In California , an aging levee system is used in Sacramento and the Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta . Poor maintenance of the Sacramento levees have made the area prone to flooding . Global warming has brought stronger storms and greater risks of flooding . Engineers are seeking alternatives to levees for flood control . The answer may lie in modern flood control technologies used in England , Europe , and Japan . Levees , New Orleans , and Hurricane Katrina New Orleans , Louisiana , is largely below sea level . The systematic construction of its levees began in the 19th century and continued into the 20th century as the federal government became more involved with engineering and funding . In August 2005 , several levees along waterways of Lake Ponchartrain failed , and water covered 80 % of New Orleans . The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers designed the levees to withstand the forces of a fast - blowing " Category 3 " storm ; they were n ' t strong enough to survive the " Category 4 " Hurricane Katrina . If a chain is as strong as its weakest link , a levee is as functional as its structural weakness . A full year before Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast , Walter Maestri , the emergency management chief for Jefferson Parish , Louisiana , was quoted in the New Orleans Times - Picayune : " It appears that the money has been moved in the president โ s budget to handle homeland security and the war in Iraq , and I suppose that โ s the price we pay . Nobody locally is happy that the levees ca n โ t be finished , and we are doing everything we can to make the case that this is a security issue for us . " โ June 8 , 2004 ( one year before Hurricane Katrina ) Levees as Infrastructure Infrastructure is a framework of communal systems . In the 18th and 19th centuries , farmers created their own levees to protect their fertile farmland from inevitable floods . As more and more people became dependent on other people for growing their food , it made sense that flood mitigation was everyone ' s responsibility and not simply the local farmer . Through legislation , the federal government helps states and localities with engineering and subsidizing the cost of levee systems . Flood insurance has also become a way for people living in high risk areas can help with the cost Other levees are nothing more than functional . Architecturally , levees can be aesthetically pleasing feats of engineering . The Future of Levees Today ' s levees are being engineered for resilience and built for double duty โ protection when needed and recreation in the off - season . Creating a levee system has become a partnership among communities , counties , states , and federal government entities . Risk assessment , construction costs , and insurance liabilities combine in a complex soup of action and inaction for these public works projects . The building of levees to mitigate flooding will continue to be an issue as communities plan and build for extreme weather events , a predictable unpredictability from climate change . Sources " USACE Program Levees , " US Army Corps of Engineers at www . usace . army . mil / Missions / CivilWorks / LeveeSafetyProgram / USACEProgramLevees . aspx " United States of Shame , " by Maureen Dowd , The New York Times , September 3 , 2005 [ accessed August 12 , 2016 ] History of Levees , FEMA , PDF at https : / / www . fema . gov / media - library - data / 1463585486484 - d22943de4883b61a6ede15aa57a78a7f / History_of_Levees_0512_508 . pdf Continue Reading | [
"Levee",
"Possibilities",
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http://architecturebrio.com/projects/ | Riparian House Karjat India Tala Treehouse Villa Forest Hills Tala India Casa Brio Apartment Mumbai India the MiCabin Uttarakhand India powerHYDE Rural India House on a Stream Alibaug India Etania Green School Malaysia Waikiki Wetland Resort Vengurla India Himalayan Mountain Home Uttarakhand India Tala Cave Homes Forest Hills Tala India Mumbai Artists Retreat Alibaug India Saral Plantation Retreat Alibaug India Mandwa Resort Wellness Centre Alibaug India Konchur Sustainable Model Village Konchur India Apartment DNNW Mumbai India Apartment JNSH Mumbai India Biodiversity Training Institute Sikkim India Magic Bus Learning Pavilion Karjat India Sikkim Butterfly Reserve Sikkim India Camac Residential Tower Kolkata India Spiral Dollhouse Mumbai India Dunhill Beach Resort Goa India Otto Infinito Mumbai India Magic Bus Staff Dormitory Karjat India Triade Housing Complex Enschede The Netherlands Temenos House Kodaikanal India School of Planning and Architecture Delhi India Magic Bus Campus Masterplan Karjat India | [
"Riparian House",
"Tala Treehouse Villa"
] |
http://archive.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/20110129scottsdale-chefs-close-restaurants.html | 6 : 46 am | 84 ยฐ March 31 , 2019 | News Type Size : A A Print Email Most Popular Scottsdale chefs endure hard times during recession by Peter Corbett - Jan . 29 , 2011 12 : 00 AM The Arizona Republic In a bitter aftertaste of the recession , three of Scottsdale ' s top restaurateurs watched helplessly as their cherished ventures unraveled , leaving them racked by a mountain of debt and a trail of legal troubles . But despite their financial turmoil , all were able to recover or move on and start new restaurants at prime locations , based in large part on their stellar reputations . Restaurant failures are not uncommon , even in better times , but the recent economic downturn hit the trio of highly successful restaurant operators who filled their dining rooms for years in some of the area ' s trendiest spots before the housing bubble burst and the free - spending party ended with the recession ' s onset . The failures were caused by a variety of reasons , including fewer diners and costly leases that forced investors to pull out when the economy soured . Records from Maricopa County Superior Court reveal : - ๏ฟฝ Aaron May , a high - flying chef who walked away from two restaurant leases at DC Ranch , is saddled with $ 1.75 million in legal debts . - ๏ฟฝ Robert McGrath , a James Beard Award - winning chef , filed for bankruptcy with $ 1 million in debts after his signature restaurant failed before launch . - ๏ฟฝ Peter Kasperski , owner of Cowboy Ciao who was forced to close another restaurant in downtown Scottsdale after the economy tanked , faces a lawsuit over a $ 250,000 loan default . The trio ' s restaurants , highly acclaimed in culinary circles , are among a long list of local dining rooms that failed or struggled in the recession . The list includes Scottsdale ' s oldest restaurant , the Pink Pony steakhouse , which is due to reopen next month , and flashy newcomers like Pink Taco , Canal and Dish . Many restaurateurs never recovered . But Kasperski has kept the lights on at Cowboy Ciao , while May and McGrath found new opportunities based on their culinary skills and reputations , even if their businesses collapsed like deflated souffles under the weight of mounting debts . " The burn rate of money at Sol y Sombra and Autostrada made it impossible to continue , " May said of his two restaurants , which closed in 2009 on DC Ranch ' s Market Street . " We had to stop pouring money into those two projects . " Countless vacancies Sol y Sombra , a tapas restaurant that attracted a moneyed and glamorous crowd , and Market Street itself , epitomized what happened in a local economy that prospered when the Valley ' s growth engine was in high gear but faltered when it stalled . As restaurants and retailers folded , shopping centers were left with too many vacancies . Commercial landlords struggled to pay their mortgages . Some landlords lowered their rents to keep tenants in place rather than having restaurants go dark , said Dave Andrea , a Restaurant Brokers principal . " But landlords with bank debt do n ' t have the ability to make those adjustments in their payments , " he said . DMB Commercial , which operates Market Street at DC Ranch and says it tries to work with struggling tenants , negotiated with May to restructure his two leases in summer 2009 but could not come to an agreement . May closed both his restaurants on Market Street in August 2009 and turned his attention to other ventures . That includes the Lodge in downtown Scottsdale , two Over Easy breakfast cafes , 18 Degrees at the Ice Den in Scottsdale , and Vitamin T in downtown Phoenix . May also has management deals to run two restaurants in downtown Scottsdale and another in Tucson . New ventures amid debt In October 2009 , DMB filed two lawsuits in Maricopa County Superior Court on the defaulted leases , which May did not contest . The court authorized default judgments in July and October on behalf of DMB , with May owing nearly $ 1.4 million . Investor Michael Moyes also won a default judgment against May , records show , but Moyes has not collected on the $ 360,000 debt , said Gerald Ehrlich , a Phoenix attorney representing Moyes . May said about 75 percent of his income is going to his debts , which he intends to pay in full . Sol y Sombra had been successful from its opening in 2006 , but the economy turned down sharply by 2008 just as May was opening Autostrada at DC Ranch . " It was a very poor real - estate decision , " May said of signing the leases on Market Street . It did not help , he said , that during his three - year tenure at DC Ranch , dozens of businesses left Market Street , including a string of restaurants . Developers at Scottsdale Quarter , a new upscale shopping center , and CityScape , another new , much - touted entertainment - and - retail complex in downtown Phoenix , have lured high - profile restaurants as a way of attracting other retailers . May , despite his debts , is among the new restaurateurs at CityScape , with Vitamin T , a Mexican street - food cafe . " Restaurants are usually the bait to get other tenants , " said Andrea , of Restaurant Brokers . May ' s estranged wife , Laurel , also legally on the hook for her husband ' s debts even though she said she was not involved in the business , said investors are willing to fund new ventures because there is glamour in owning a restaurant , even if it ' s only a small stake . " The chef goes on to fame and glory even if he ' s had these businesses that failed , " said Laurel , a freelance writer and former editor of 944 , a national entertainment magazine . " They kind of behave like rock stars . " Continued failures Robert McGrath ' s financial troubles are tied to a failed investment in his planned restaurant REM , named for his initials , on Lincoln Drive near Scottsdale Road . That project collapsed in 2008 after investors pulled out , and the chef left behind an unfinished restaurant and an herb garden . McGrath , who now is hosting an Arizona restaurant show called " Check Please ! " on Channel 8 ( KAET ) , declined to comment . Publicist Margo Kessler said McGrath " wants to go forward and not dwell on the past . " McGrath filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in November 2009 . The judgments against him in Maricopa County Superior Court included Compass Bank , $ 952,260 ; Citibank South Dakota , $ 15,852 ; and DPA Architects , $ 38,651 , records show . McGrath , best known for the popular Roaring Fork in Scottsdale , which he sold in 2006 , now runs the Renegade Canteen in Scottsdale for its owners . He won a James Beard Award , a top industry honor , in 2001 . Colin Williams , whose family owns the building that REM was slated to occupy , said that the endeavor did not work out but that it was not entirely the chef ' s fault . " He ' s admitted that he ' s a good chef and could use some help on the business side of things , " Williams said . A strong pedigree and a top location is n ' t a guarantee of success in the restaurant business . Peter Kasperski , owner of Cowboy Ciao and Kazimierz wine bar , who was sued in March by American National Bank over repayment of a $ 250,000 loan from June 2008 , ran into trouble after the economy tanked . His restaurant Digestif failed at the emerging South Bridge development in downtown Scottsdale , and two other ventures there never materialized . Kasperski , who did not return calls seeking comment , used Cowboy Ciao as collateral for the loan . Restaurant broker Andrea said there has been an amazing churn of restaurants in the Valley over the past three years , with some businesses losing 50 to 60 percent of their value . " Whether they should or not , everybody has a dream of opening a restaurant , " Andrea said . " I tell people , ' Do n ' t do it . It ' s a tough business . The highway is littered with casualties . ' " Type Size : Print Email Most Popular search local businesses : Popular Searches Phoenix Accountants Phoenix Attorneys Phoenix Churches Phoenix Dry Cleaners Phoenix Florists Phoenix Landscapers Phoenix Dentists Phoenix Doctors Phoenix Schools Phoenix Furniture More Popular Searches | [
"Scottsdale chefs",
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] |
http://archive.bio.ed.ac.uk/jdeacon/desertecology/cholla.htm | This site is no longer maintained and has been left for archival purposes DESERT ECOLOGY HOME GALLERIES LINKS CHOLLA ( Opuntia species ) [ Most images are clickable , for a larger version ] Cholla cacti typically have cylindrical stem segments , joined end - to - end in a branching , tree - like manner . Growth stops at the end of each season and is resumed by the production of new branches in the following season . These plants are closely related to the prickly pears ( also Opuntia species ) , which have large , flat pads . Tree cholla ( Opuntia imbricata ) in upland desert grassland zone , South Texas Teddy bear cholla ( Opuntia bigelovii ) in Mojave Desert , California There are many cholla species in the warm deserts of North and Central America , and many more which are frost - tolerant and extend as far north as Canada and south to the mountainous regions of South America . However , cholla species are often difficult to tell apart , because they can hybridise , leading to intermediate forms . In addition to this , some species hardly breed at all , because their seeds are sterile . In these cases the plants rely on clonal propagation - stem segments fall to the ground and take root , so Here we will cover the common features of chollas , and illustrate the range of variation by focusing on a few distinctive species , including the tree cholla , teddy bear cholla , chain link cholla , chainfruit cholla , diamond cholla , buckhorn cholla and devil cholla . All these species differ in their geographical ranges or in their temperature tolerance , water requirements , soil preferences , etc . One characteristic feature of chollas is that the stem segments and branches are not truly cylindrical but have raised areas called tubercles on which the spine - bearing areoles are located . This is most conspicuous in the chain link cholla ( see the image on the right below ) because the pattern of the tubercles gives a chain - link effect . Typical cholla flowers A stem segment and short chain of fruits of the chain link cholla ( Opuntia cholla Also charactersistic is the fact that most chollas have brightly coloured flowers ( with the typical cactus flower structure ) and are pollinated by bees . In most cases , also , the fruits are fleshy and can be seen on the plants for extended periods of the year . Sometimes the fruits are brightly coloured , but in other cases they are green and photosynthetic , persisting for year after year . One example of this is the chain link cholla ( see image above ) but the best example is the chainfruit cholla ( image further down this The fruits are usually sterile , and the plant reproduces when joints fall to the ground and take root . Buckhorn cholla ( Opuntia acanthocarpa Buckhorn cholla flowers Another cholla - the clavellina - has stem segments which are easily dislodged and that are armed with very long spines . These readily catch onto the fur of animals ( or human clothing ) or they can spring up from the ground if an animal touches them as it walks by . The Latin name of this plant - Opuntia molesta - is aptly descriptive . It is an endemic species of the Baja California peninsular of Mexico . Dislodged stem segment of clavellina ( Opuntia molesta Close - up of clavellina spines , showing the papery sheath ( dislodged from the lower spine ) Several of the most heavily spined chollas can appear to be white in sunlight . The reason is that the spines of most chollas are covered with a papery sheath , which acts to reflect sunlight and prevent the stems from excessive heating . As would be expected , this is particularly true of the species such as teddy bear cholla and chainfruit cholla that grow in the hot , flat desert regions where the exposure to sunlight is extreme . In the right - hand image of clavellina ( above ) the papery sheath has been dislodged from the Other branching chollas also have sheathed spines , but the spines are not as dense . For example , the diamond cholla ( image below ) has relatively few , but long , spines which stick out almost at right - angles from the stem . The yellow colour of these spines is due to the colour of the sheath . A plant such as this occurs in the cooler , higher elevations and has less need to be protected from the sun ' s exposure . Chainfruit or " jumping " cholla ( Opuntia fulgida Snow - capped diamond cholla ( Opuntia ramosissima ) in the Upper Mojave Desert One group of chollas - the club chollas - differ markedly from the tree - like , branching chollas discussed above . These are low - growing plants which often form mats close to the ground and which branch from the base rather than from the tops of the stems . Typical of these plants is the devil cholla ( Opuntia stanlyi and related species ) which can grow in arid sites where the soil is saline or calcareous - a combination that few other plants can tolerate . These club chollas are densely covered in spines but the spines do not have sheaths . Instead they have flattened spines , with dagger - sharp tips that can penetrate shoes or animals , feet . When these chollas become established in desert grasslands they present a formidable barrier to grazing animals . Devil cholla ( Opuntia stanlyi A flowering club cholla All chollas have a woody skeleton with a reticulate pattern ( see image below ) , quite different from the woody ribs of the taller columnar cacti . The woody skeletons of some species , such as the cane cholla , are often used to make canes or other souvenirs . Part of the skeleton of a dead cholla stem , showing the reticulate pattern of the woody support tissues . The dense branches of living chollas frequently are used as sites for nest - building by desert birds such as the cactus wren and curve - billed thrasher . The dead remains and fallen segments of chollas also are used frequently by desert wood rats ( Neotoma species ) for covering and protecting the entrances to their nests . Large heap of cholla joints covering a desert woodrat nest Go to Prickly pears and cholla page ? Go to Cactus gallery ? Go to club chollas ? Go to Teddy bear cholla ? Go to Diamond cholla ? Go to Devil cholla ? Go to Cane cholla ? Go to Buckhorn cholla ? Go to Chainfruit cholla ? Go to Chain link cholla ? Go to Tree cholla ? Go to Cholla flowers ? | [
"CHOLLA",
"desert grassland zone",
"South Texas"
] |
http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/06/08/the_meaning_of_the_butterfly/ | Home Globe Ideas The meaning of the butterfly Why pop culture loves the ' butterfly effect , ' and gets it totally wrong Email | Print | Single Page Text size + By Peter Dizikes June 8 , 2008 SOME SCIENTISTS SEE their work make headlines . But MIT meteorologist Edward Lorenz watched his work become a catch phrase . Lorenz , who died in April , created one of the most beguiling and evocative notions ever to leap from the lab into popular culture : the " butterfly effect , " the concept that small events can have large , widespread consequences . The name stems from Lorenz ' s suggestion that a massive storm might have its roots in the faraway flapping of a tiny butterfly ' s wings . Translated into mass culture , the butterfly effect has become a metaphor for the existence of seemingly insignificant moments that alter history and shape destinies . Typically unrecognized at first , they create threads of cause and effect that appear obvious in retrospect , changing the course of a human life or rippling through the global economy . In the 2004 movie " The Butterfly Effect " - we watched it so you do n ' t have to - Ashton Kutcher travels back in time , altering his troubled childhood in order to influence the present , though with dismal results . In 1990 ' s " Havana , " Robert Redford , a math - wise gambler , tells Lena Olin , " A butterfly can flutter its wings over a flower in China and cause a hurricane in the Caribbean . They can even calculate the odds . " Such borrowings of Lorenz ' s idea might seem authoritative to unsuspecting viewers , but they share one major problem : They get his insight precisely backwards . The larger meaning of the butterfly effect is not that we can readily track such connections , but that we ca n ' t . To claim a butterfly ' s wings can cause a storm , after all , is to raise the question : How can we definitively say what caused any storm , if it could be something as slight as a butterfly ? Lorenz ' s work gives Pop culture references to the butterfly effect may be bad physics , but they ' re a good barometer of how the public thinks about science . They expose the growing chasm between what the public expects from scientific research - that is , a series of ever more precise answers about the world we live in - and the realms of uncertainty into which modern science is taking us . . . . The butterfly effect is a deceptively simple insight extracted from a complex modern field . As a low - profile assistant professor in MIT ' s department of meteorology in 1961 , Lorenz created an early computer program to simulate weather . One day he changed one of a dozen numbers representing atmospheric conditions , from .506127 to .506 . That tiny alteration utterly transformed his long - term forecast , a point Lorenz amplified in his 1972 paper , " Predictability : Does the Flap of a Butterfly ' s Wings in Brazil Set Off a Tornado in Texas Continued . . . 1 2 Next Email Print Single page Reprints Share Your Name Your e - mail address ( for return address purposes ) E - mail address of recipients ( separate multiple addresses with commas ) Name and both e - mail fields are required . Message ( optional ) Disclaimer : Boston . com does not share this information or keep it permanently , as it is for the sole purpose of sending this one time e - mail . | [
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"meaning"
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http://archive.boston.com/business/personalfinance/managingyourmoney/archives/2014/03/can_you_have_a.html | Sections Home News Weather Sports Entertainment Business Lifestyle Travel Cars Jobs Real Estate Classified Marketplace Shortcuts Today ' s Globe Love Letters Weather Traffic Where To Stay Lottery Video Markets Obituaries Horoscopes Forums Comics Crosswords Movie Listings Events Site help I still have n ' t found what I ' m looking for Digital Jobs at Boston Globe Media Privacy Policy Terms of Service Contact ยฉ 2017 Boston Globe Media Partners , LLC Managing Your Money Can You Have a 401k and an IRA ? Managing Your Money About This Blog Local finance professionals share insights and advice on issues such as budgeting , managing debt , and retirement planning . As you change jobs or careers , it ' s almost inevitable that you โ ll end up with more than one type of retirement account . What ' s the best way to handle them ? Can you fund an IRA if you have a 401k ? Is it wise to have multiple accounts , or should you keep all your money in one basket ? In order to know what ' s best in your situation , you need to understand how different types o retirement accounts work , and then how best to combine them . Account review 1 . Traditional employer - sponsored plans ( 401k , 403b , TSP ) . With company plans , your contributions are deducted from your paycheck before taxes are taken out , and your savings grow tax - free . But you do pay taxes when you withdraw the money in retirement , that ' s why these accounts are called " tax - deferred " ; you do n ' t have to pay any tax on the money until you withdraw it . Often these plans include an employer match . For example , your company may match 50 % of what you contribute , up to 6 % of your salary . So if you save , say , 10 % of your salary , you โ d get an additional 3 % from your employer . Typically your account " vests " over a period of time , so you ' d usually get your employer ' s share after a year or two or five ( check with your company ) . 2 . Traditional individual accounts . These include traditional IRAs , solo 401ks ( accounts that you set up when you work for yourself , and SEP IRAs ( which can be set up by self - employed people , or a small business employer ) . These are tax - deferred , just like a company plan . 3 . Roth accounts ( tax - free on withdrawal ) . Whether you โ re dealing with an individual Roth account or a Roth 401k ( a relatively new type of retirement plan ) , you deposit after - tax dollars , and your savings grow tax - free . Most important , you do n ' t pay any taxes ( none ! ) when you withdraw the money in retirement . The ability to contribute to a Roth IRA is subject to an income cap ( see " Restrictions " below ) . How many accounts is too many ? The more accounts you have , the more you โ re going to pay in account fees , minimums , investing charges , etc . You โ ll also likely have more of a hassle at tax time . * Plus , it โ s much harder to manage your asset allocation ( i.e. the mix of funds in your portfolio ) when you have multiple retirement accounts . You โ ll typically save money ( and time ) when you roll over old 401k accounts and consolidate IRAs . At Betterment we make IRA account set up and IRA rollovers efficient and secure . You can learn more here That said , the IRS does allow you to combine an employer plan ( like a 401k or 403b or TSP ) and also put money into a traditional IRA or Roth IRA , with some restrictions . So if you ' re careful in combining accounts , having more than one can enable you to save more . Also , there may be an advantage to combining both tax - deferred and after - tax ( Roth ) accounts . Your tax bracket in retirement may be different than the one you โ re in now , so funding both types of accounts gives you more options in retirement , tax - wise . Now for the restrictions 1 . There are restrictions on how much you can contribute to different accounts . The 2014 contribution limit for a 401k is $ 17,500 ; $ 23,000 if you โ re 50 and over . Then you can also deposit up to $ 5,500 in a Roth or traditional IRA for 2013 or 2014 ( $ 6,500 if you โ re 50 and up ) . That โ s the combined limit for both types of IRAs , by the way ; you ca n โ t put $ 5,500 each into an IRA and a Roth IRA . If you โ re maxing out your 401k and have more to save , opening a traditional or Roth IRA can help you sock away another $ 5,500 or $ 6,500 a year . The deadline for contributing to a traditional or Roth IRA for 2013 is April 15 , 2014 . 2 . Then there are restrictions on how much you can deduct from your taxes . If you โ re contributing to a 401k or other employer plan , you can open a traditional IRA as well , but you may or may not be able to deduct that chunk of savings from your taxes , depending on your income . Still , it does let you save more , and the gains grow tax - deferred . 3 . Last , there are specific income restrictions on Roth accounts . If you ' re married and filing jointly , and your modified adjusted gross income is $ 181,000 or less in 2014 , you can contribute the full amount in a Roth ( if you ' re contributing for 2013 , the income limit is $ 178,000 ) . As your income rises above $ 181,000 , your ability to contribute phases out . Read details on Roth IRA limits here Betterment is not a tax advisor , nor does the content of this article constitute tax advice . If you have questions on your individual situation , please consult a tax professional . Want to know more about Betterment ? As the most trusted online financial advisor , Betterment offers a fully diversified investment portfolio of 12 global asset classes , optimized to provide you the best possible returns for both retirement planning and wealth building . Betterment costs 0.15 % of assets under management annually for a portfolio of $ 100,000 or more . Learn more here Determination of most trusted online financial advisor reflects Betterment LLC ' s distinction of having the most customers in the industry , made in reliance on customer counts , self - reported pursuant to SEC rules , across all online - only registered investment advisors . Continue Reading Below Back to Top | [
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"IRA"
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