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http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Titans_(TV_Series) | in Television Series LiveAction Series DC Universe Streaming Service Titans TV Series Titans TV Series This page contains a list of all episodes in the television series If you have found an episode that is not seen on this page please add it to this list and the appropriate Seasons list This template will categorize articles that include it into CategoryTelevision Series Titans TV Series Gallery Starring Titans Played by Brenton Thwaites Anna Diop Teagan Croft Ryan Potter Developers Akiva Goldsman Geoff Johns Greg Berlanti Country of origin United States of America Network DC Universe IMDb Titans TV Series First Aired October 12 2018 Titans is an American television series produced for the DC Universe streaming service with international distribution via Netflix The series was created by Akiva Goldsman Geoff Johns and Greg Berlanti The first season was made available for streaming in weekly hourlong installments beginning on October 12 2018 and concluding with the eleventh episode on December 21 2018 The series was renewed for a second season prior to the season one premiere Season two is expected to debut in Fall 2019 The 2019 DC Universe original series Doom Patrol will be a spinoff of this series Contents show Cast and characters Main Brenton Thwaites as Robin Dick Grayson Anna Diop as Starfire KoriandrKory Anders Teagan Croft as Raven Rachel Roth Ryan Potter as Beast Boy Garfield Logan Recurring Reed Birney as The Messenger Doctor Adamson Nuclear Family Jenni Ross as Sis Logan Thompson as Biff Melody Johnson as Mom Alan Ritchson as Hawk Hank Hall Minka Kelly as Dove Dawn Granger Seamus Dever as Trigon Guest Lindsey Gort as Amy Rohrbach Curran Walters as Robin Jason Todd Conor Leslie as Wonder Girl Donna Troy Nuclear Family Jeff Clarke as Dad Zach Smadu as Dad Bruno Bichir as The Chief Niles Caulder April Bowlby as ElastiGirl Rita Farr Jake Michaels and Brendan Fraser as Robotman Clifford Steele Dwain Murphy and Matt Bomer as Negative Man Larry Trainor httpscomicbookcomdc20181003titanstvshow2018dcuniversestreamingseason2 httpswwwdccomicscomblog20180514breakingnewsnewdoompatroltvseriescomingtodcuniverse Episodes Season One Ep Title Airdate 01 Titans October 12 2018 02 Hawk and Dove October 19 2018 03 Origins October 26 2018 04 Doom Patrol November 2 2018 05 Together November 9 2018 06 Jason Todd November 16 2018 07 Asylum November 23 2018 08 Donna Troy November 30 2018 09 Hank and Dawn December 7 2018 10 Koriandr December 14 2018 11 Dick Grayson December 21 2018 Categories Television Series LiveAction Series DC Universe Streaming Service Recent Wiki Activity Dinah Lance Injustice The Regime Gmm2 3 minutes ago Whisper Gang SocialOutsider 7 minutes ago Selina Kyle DC Legends Gmm2 12 minutes ago Arrow TV Series Episode Elseworlds Part 2 Gmm2 23 minutes ago Help us grow DC Database Get Started | [
"Titans",
"American television series",
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http://dc.wikia.com/wiki/Vertigo_(Drug) | in : Items Arrow ( TV Series ) Drugs 2013 Item Debuts Vertigo ( Drug ) Edit Share Vertigo ( Drug ) Gallery Official Name Vertigo Origins Universe Arrow ( TV Series ) Lead Designer Cecil Adams Place of Creation Starling City Additional Designers Vertigo II ( Werner Zytle ) Owners Current Owner Werner Zytle Previous Owners Cecil Adams First Appearance Arrow ( TV Series ) Episode : Vertigo History Vertigo is a drug created by ) . The drug , if taken in small doses , causes a high and for the person to feel " floaty " . The initial formula killed 56 people before it was " perfected " . The drug comes in pills which are green and black , and sometimes in a green liquid . See Also Appearances of Vertigo ( Drug ) Item Gallery : Vertigo ( Drug ) Links and References None . Categories Items Drugs 2013 Item Debuts | [
"Vertigo",
"Cecil Adams"
] |
http://dcau.wikia.com/wiki/Joker | in DCAU Wiki featured articles A to Z Arkham Asylum inmates Joker Share Joker Information Real name Unknown AKA Clown Prince of Crime Species Human Hair Green formerly black Eyes Black with yellow sclera BTAS Black with white sclera TABR White with black sclera TNBA STAS Red with yellow sclera JLU BB Base Gotham City Affiliations Injustice Gang Royal Flush Gang Jokerz Rogue of Batman Static Justice League Batman Terry McGinnis Counterparts Justice Lords world 50s Joker Abilities Genius level intellect Skills in chemistry and engineering Weaponry Joker venom Laughing gas Bladed playing cards Handbuzzer Nitroglycerin cigars Acidsquirting flower Various firearms Knives Grenade marbles Various clownthemed gadgets Voiced by Mark Hamill Kevin Conroy Dean Stockwell 51 images Itd be funny if it werent so pathetic Oh what the heck Ill laugh anyway The Joker was a super villain and Batman s archenemy With an unknown past the Joker suddenly became Gotham City s most notorious criminal Contents show History Origins The man who would become the Joker The Joker was originally an unidentified criminal operating under a number of aliases who started out as both a hitman and a chauffeur working for the Valestra mob One of his last known jobs took place in Europe on the Mediterranean Coast His target was businessman Carl Beaumont after mob bosses Sal Valestra Buzz Bronski and Chuckie Sol discovered he had embezzled from them Beaumonts daughter Andrea returned home from grocery shopping only to see the thug emerging from the house casually walking past her Horrified she rushed inside to find her father murdered in cold blood Returning to Gotham City the thug formed his own gang and staged a robbery at the Ace Chemical Plant which was thwarted by Batman Either because Batman pushed him or he stumbled after getting punched the thug fell off a catwalk and into a drainage vat of chemical waste that washed him out into the river changing his life forever The chemicals had an adverse effect on him they dyed his hair green his skin was bleached white his lips were permanently stained red and he was driven completely irrevocably insane Vowing to show the world the triumph of his comic genius thus began the career of one of historys most dangerous and intelligent psychopaths the Joker Endeavors A frequent inmate of Arkham Asylum the Joker was often psychoanalyzed at one point by Dr Harleen Quinzel The manipulative Joker quickly won Quinzels trust painting himself as a misunderstood soul crying out for the world to accept him He once claimed that he was routinely abused by his alcoholic father and that the only time he had seen his old man laugh was at a visit to the circus Over time Quinzel later found herself madly in love with the Joker and eventually took it upon herself to break him out of Arkham and become his new henchwoman Harley Quinn Though claiming to reciprocate her affections the egotistical Joker saw Harley as merely useful and would frequently inflict verbal and physical abuse on her if she upstaged him or simply got on his nerves Many a time he would literally throw Quinn out onto the streets until he inevitably decided he wanted her again and she would inevitably come crawling back Charlie Collins turns the tables on Joker The Jokers plans had little prejudice Although he showed particular delight in playing his jokes on the most ordinary innocent victims like mildmannered salaryman Charlie Collins he was just as dangerous to Gotham City s highest level officials such as Commissioner James Gordon or Mayor Hamilton Hill But Joker has had his share of provocations He was one of three villains to travel to Yucca Springs on an invite from Hugo Strange claiming to know the identity of Batman Exbusinessman Cameron Kaiser deliberately made his casino resemble Jokers look to draw the villain out as a means to trick Joker into wrecking the casino so hed get away with the insurance although this plan ultimately backfired when Joker thanks to information revealed by Batman on the plot decided to instead kill Kaiser and then manage the casino from behind the scenes Depending on the joke the Jokers plans could range from smallscale to global On one occasion he tried to con his way to a local comedy trophy or more accurately the title of funniest man alive that he was denied in disguise on account that he registered late by using the Mad Hatter s mind control chips on the events judges Another time the mad clown stole a nuclear warhead and almost successfully set it off on Mayor Hamilton Hill s residence One of his most infamous schemes involved infecting all the fish in Gotham Harbor with his Joker venom then demanding a copyright for the disfigured creatures which now bore his grinning visage When refused this he went on a killing spree infecting several bureaucrats of the Gotham Copyright Office with his Joker venom He also once broke out of Arkham to cause chaos on the streets in Gotham via an AWOL tank with a Santa on it a giant cannon firing at various parts of Gotham and a bomb being planted on a rail bridge that was timed to explode just as the train was to make its 1130 arrival as part of a Christmas special all in an attempt to lure Batman over to give him his Christmas Present a pie in the face Some time later the Joker took up residence in the rotting remains of the World of the Future Fair seemingly alone When the mysterious Phantasm began hunting down former members of the Valestra Mob the nowaged and scared Valestra foolishly tried to buy the Jokers help believing the Phantasm to be Batman gone mad The Joker however disposed of his pal Sal and discovered the true nature of the assassin He later approached councilman Arthur Reeves with the intent of blackmailing him but injected him with Joker Toxin instead He correctly deduced that his former gangs executioner was none other than the daughter of the man he had murdered years ago and was ready when the Phantasm came for his head The two engaged in a brutal fight but when Batman intervened the battle became a oneonone with the Dark Knight After the battle the beaten Joker found himself at the Phantasms mercy and as the amusement park was burning to the ground the Joker couldnt help but laugh which eventually made Phantasm let him go Joker making a deal with Lex Luthor Batman shut down the Jokers operations in Gotham City on a routine basis but Joker really did go bankrupt on a few occasions One such instance caused him to travel to Metropolis where he briefly allied himself with Lex Luthor to kill Superman for one billion dollars Luthor scoffed at Joker claiming he was overconfident in his ability to kill a superpowered Kryptonian when he had been unable to kill a mere mortal in a Halloween costume but agreed to pay should he succeed Joker planned to use the statuette Laughing Dragon actually made of Kryptonite Jokers plans fell apart when Batman deduced what the antique was made of and headed to Metropolis reluctantly cooperating with Superman to defeat the villain Fearing Jokers failures were exposing him Luthor called the deal off Consolidating his losses the Ace of Knaves kidnapped Lex and hijacked the experimental Lexwing assault vehicle planning to destroy everything Luthor had built for fun as Luthor had a hand in building half of Metropolis The plan backfired when in an engagement with Batman Jokers exploding marbles fell across the plane While Batman and Superman rescued Luthor and Harley Quinn Joker was helpless on the crashing plane laughing manically as it exploded in the river The Joker returned to Gotham City a month later still bankrupt He unwittingly received a 250 million inheritance from his former gangland rival Edward King Barlowe Joker immediately spent the first million on various pursuits such as hiring a defense team to wipe his criminal record clean and even trying to buy Nightwing and Batgirl off However Joker was duped The majority of the money was counterfeit and the IRS was claiming its dues which Joker could not dispute without an embarrassing admission that hed been tricked thus making him a laughing stock in the Gotham underworld Desperate Joker tried to steal a routine money dispersal from the Gotham Mint without using any of his trademarks until Batman intervened again Trying to jump over the ship Joker was stopped from doing so by Batgirl as it would be pointless to go after the money that went over board However crying Joker said I dont want During the sevenyear anniversary of his transformation into the Joker the Gotham Insider made a live report from Ace Chemical Plant The Clown Prince of Crime made an appearance and attacked the news crew Jack Ryder was doused with Joker venom then shoved into a drainage vat Ryder transformed as well but the combination of the chemicals and the laughing gas pushed Ryder further giving him an energetically maniac yet still basically conscientious personality Fashioning himself into the crazed vigilante known as the Creeper he went on a rampage to get revenge on Joker As a result Joker found himself in the bizarrely terrifying situation of being relentlessly pursued by this new insane superhero of his own inadvertent creation Although Creepers mania is benign his methods are so extremely wild and frantic that the Joker practically begged Batman to arrest him clutching Batmans cape and crying Hes a lunatic Batman then cuffs Joker while somewhere along the line Joker was saved and Batman sedated Creeper Other schemes In another routine shutout the Joker was forced to move his enterprises outside of Gotham City This time he chose the Midwestern town of Dakota Joker planned on forming a metahuman gang However Batman Robin and Static teamed up and escaped Jokers death trap arresting the Clown Prince of Crime in the process Some time later the Joker wound up in Metropolis again He was just in time to meet Lex Luthors Injustice Gang Lex remembering the fate of his past alliance with the Joker years earlier simply ordered him to leave Undeterred the Joker knocked out Solomon Grundy with a gag airhorn when he attempted to remove the Clown Prince and proceeded to tell Lex that his expertise on Batman made him invaluable to the Gang After the Joker demonstrated his point by revealing the tracking device Batman had planted on Luthor Lex decided to keep him around The Jokers only condition was that he got to do whatever he wanted with Batman after the Justice League was successfully destroyed Using the tracker Joker had found the Injustice Gang captured Batman and imprisoned the Dark Knight Joker started to try and convince Luthor to kill Batman whilst they had the chance but Luthor refused Joker is later seen with UltraHumanite and Lex as they try to deactivate the defensive system on Batmans utility belt which they do so successfully and find a communicator and key to the Justice Leagues space station Luthor then sent the other Injustice Gang members to the space station which was being guarded only by the Martian Manhunter to plant a bomb on the headquarters and call them back However the Justice League survived and eventually defeated the Injustice Gang Deciding to cut his losses Joker pulled out a handgun and attempted to kill Batman only to learn that his nemesis had not only freed himself in the confusion but manipulated events in his favor throughout the entire scheme Batman easily knocked out Joker to end the conflict Joker punched by Batman Continuing to cause more chaos the Joker discovered and entered the secret compound Section 12 Since the compound was under the supervision of a secret initiative he took some of their technology for later uses Joker then freed the compounds captives and fashioned them as a card deck hand metahuman gang Next he purchased air time on several networks under the moniker Gwynplaine Entertainment and broadcast a live feed of Las Vegas Joker secretly planted several dozen high explosives all throughout the city Though the Justice League managed to disarm the bombs the bomb stunt was merely to attract viewers throughout the world The real plan was to use the powers of his gangs fifth member Ace Joker transmitted Aces thought waves across the air to render everyone under a mass psychosis When Batman confronted Joker alone the Dark Knight managed to reveal to Ace that Joker had held onto a special headband used to nullify Aces powers Ace in turn used her power on Joker and temporarily incapacitated him The Final Joke Thats not funnyThats not As he was deciding that the game between him and Batman was growing old the Joker devised one last scheme directed at Batmans family After Dick Grayson left for Bludhaven Joker and Harley Quinn kidnapped Tim Drake Dicks replacement as Robin while the Boy Wonder was alone on patrol unaware that this is a trap In the former partially demolished Arkham Asylum Joker systematically tortured Robin for three weeks After several serum injections and electric shocks Robin revealed all his secrets to the Clown Prince of Crime including the fact that Batman was really Bruce Wayne Joker then completed the splicing their DNA together resulting in his victims face contorting into a Joker like smile and then dressed as a crude version of himself named Joker Junior or JJ for short much to the horror of Batman and Batgirl Joker even went far enough to document the torture to show in the operating theater to Batman as the Our Family Memories video While succeeding in enraging Batman Joker delivered a knife to Batmans knee crippling his nemesis However not even Joker could fully turn JJ and rather than shoot Batman and deliver the punchline JJ shot and killed Joker instead Jokers last words were Legacy Though buried deep beneath Arkham Asylum s remains the villains last bid tainted the trio and engineered the end of the Batteam Despite his death the Jokers criminal mastermind and homicidal legacy would live on for years Whilst the people of Gotham City were free of the villain several teenager street gangs were formed to honor the Clown Prince of Crimes destructive legacy although these unlike the Joker were mostly minor petty criminals and never killed people Return Joker taking on the new Batman Unknown to anyone the Jokers greatest experiment on Tim Drake involved the usage of stolen cuttingedge genetics technology to encode his own DNA into a microchip that was implanted at the top of his victims spinal cord Forty years later Jokers subconscious reawakened and began to assume control of Tims body and plot a return If Drakes family ever got worried hed simply call Tims wife in his hosts voice saying hed be working late Using Drakes knowledge of communications Joker staged a series of corporate thefts utilizing a subgroup of Jokerz He then had his Jokerz raid Bruce Waynes Welcoming Back party both to steal the final necessary piece of equipment a systems scanner and to expose to all of Gotham City including Wayne that hes back in town He later dispatched his Jokerz to kill Terry McGinnis while Joker himself personally broke into Wayne Manor and dosed Wayne with Joker venom He also abused the dog Ace as well as making sure that Drakes old Robin outfit was shredded apart while vandalizing the place in the process nearly killing Wayne had Terry not supplied Wayne with an antidote that Wayne had earlier hidden With the stolen communications technology Joker created a satellite jammer and hijacked control of a Hyperion class defense satellite orbiting the planet so he could impose his will on Gotham His first target was the yacht belonging to his ally Jordan Pryce after dispatching his Jokerz to tie up a loose end by trapping him aboard After Terry deduced that Drake was likely involved in Jokers scheme Joker had anticipating that Terry had deduced the connection and set up a trap involving a hologram of Drake as well as a recording that activated after Terry touched the holographic representation of his victim that confirmed that Drake had indeed joined with Joker as well as unveil that he planned to use the hijacked satellite to cause wanton acts of destruction on Gotham Eventually he used the hijacked satellite to attack Terry although not his hideout Joker then regressed to the original form of his new bodys owner before trapping Terry with an electronic restrainer and then demonstrating his transformation into Joker to both Batmen Having revealed the mystery of his revival Joker planned to crush the new Dark Knights spirit by destroying Wayne Manor with Bruce inside then Terrys family and girlfriend But before he could activate the satellite Ace ambushed Joker and tackled the mad clown freeing Terry in the process Joker then used his joy buzzer to fend off a second attack from the Great Dane and moved in to finish him off but a kick to the jaw knocked his joy buzzer into vital equipment After the jamming system accidentally redirected the satellites laser straight to Jokers hideout a skirmish ensued with Joker using his hosts knowledge of every trick the original Batman and Robin knew However the new Batman decided to fight dirty and after kneeing Joker in the crotch as proof that hes absolutely nothing like Bruce Wayne began to taunt and laugh at him By insulting his supposed poor attempt at jokes gags and his sense of humor in general Batman knew that his predecessor had never insulted Jokers ego in such a manner preferring to fight oneonone in stoic silence This act so infuriated Joker that he began throwing everything he had including minipocket bombs Within moments of the satellites beam hitting the building Terry used Jokers own lethal joy buzzer against him electrocuting him and Personality The Joker was demonstrated to be a psychopath even prior to his chemical bath He harbored little remorse regarding any murders he committed under Sal Valestras gang and also intended to start his own criminal gang In addition one of the few photographs of Joker prechemical bath that existed which had Batman deduce who had killed Andrea Beaumonts father had him holding a cigarette implying that at least pretransformation he had been a cigarette smoker After being dunked into a chemical bath his insanity increased making him among the most dangerous criminals in Gotham attempting to commit mass murder all for the sake of jokes He has little regard for his own life and safety even laughing in instances where his own death was seemingly inevitable as evidenced by his reaction when the fairgrounds were exploding around him alongside the Phantasms preparations to kill him as well as his reaction when he saw during a failed evacuation from the doomed LexWing his explosive marbles rolling towards him Once he even deliberately aimed a gun turret on an airplane he planned to make an escape in on the nuclear bomb he had set to detonate fully acknowledging that he will most likely die from the bomb being set off just to ensure Batman could not disarm the bomb His lack of regard for his survival was such that after Batman came very close to killing Joker in anger for the torture of Tim Drake Joker referred to the act of Batman killing him as that kind of fun when calling Batman out by stating he should have done it years ago When the returned Joker believed that he finally was about to eliminate Bruce once and for all he admitted that he despised Bruce and actually hated his guts Despite this however the Joker nonetheless earlier gave his nemesis a eulogy when it seemed as though the latter had died although mostly because he felt he allowed crime to have a punchline His personality was best summed up by Bruce Wayne when Terry McGinnis asked if he was the top of the rogues gallery It was no popularity contest He was a psychopath a monster Despite his evident insanity the Joker was also shown to be quite intelligent which was best demonstrated with the Phantasm murders where he very quickly deduced the Phantasms true identity Andrea Beaumont just from hearing her name on a secretarys announcement knowing it couldnt have been her father as he had personally made sure he was dead from his prior life as a mob hitman Other demonstrations of his intelligence include his deliberately stealing the Laughing Dragon due to not only deducing Supermans fatal weakness to kryptonite but also the fact that the infamous heirloom was made out of the material and when he deliberately chose to forego his usual trademark gimmicks for his crimes and even sent a body double to the Iceberg Lounge while he went to rob the US Mint of cash specifically to avoid having Batman track him down Also when the Injustice Gang managed to capture Batman he repeatedly insisted that they kill Batman when they have the chance due to realizing just how much of a threat he posed to their plans Even when he was reborn via Tim Drake his intelligence hadnt died down as evidenced by how he managed to deduce the true identity of the new Batman as well as anticipating that the new Batman would deduce that Drake was in on his schemes He also anticipated that Bruce Wayne had monkeywired the new Batman and was monitoring everything they were saying at that point even implying he was hoping for this in order to expose the truth to his old archnemesis that Drake was literally under Jokers control via a Cadmus chip The only thing equal to Jokers insanity was his massive ego He perceives himself as the greatest comedian in the world and the greatest nemesis of the Batman and will not hesitate to destroy anyone who claims or demonstrates otherwise One example of this hubris is when he was booted out of a comedy show and got back at the ones responsible by hypnotizing them into becoming super villains in order to cement himself as the funniest man in all of Gotham only to end a laughingstock afterwards Another blow to his pride is when he was made to believe that he had inherited a massive fortune from a hated rival of his only to learn that a majority of it was fake and it was a trick to get the last laugh on the Clown Prince enraging the Joker beyond words Another time is when Harley Quinn managed to successfully capture Batman so that she and Joker can truly live together but Joker saw this as an insult to his profession and assaulted Harley going as far as to push her out of a window to her possible death Batman then admitted that he tricked Harley into calling the Joker because he knew that his ego would never allow another to kill Batman further damaging Jokers pride Bruce Wayne would later reference this character trait of Jokers when advising the new Batman on how to beat Joker by referring to him as being vain and loving to talk Ultimately it was this arrogance that led to the Jokers demise twice the first was believing that Tim Drake having been transformed into Joker Jr was firmly under his control only for the boy to resist and end up fatally shooting the Joker in the chest with the clown using his last breath to remark his disappointment in the following events The other time was when Terry McGinnis began Owing to his more clownlike appearance he generally uses more comedybased elements in his crimes and plans As such he also gets angry whenever someone explains the joke to him viewing it as not a joke at all This resulted in him nearly killing Harley Quinn when she explained how she modified the plan for Joker in an attempt to help him kill Batman alongside the above mentioned massive ego Likewise he also tended to use abandoned or otherwise defunct toycandy factories or warehouses with some sort of comedyclown theme as hideouts like Laffco Toy Factory the defunct World of the Future Fair fairgrounds Funnibone Shipping and the Jolly Jack Candy Factory Abilities and equipment Joker uses a joy buzzer on Superman Throughout the years the Joker used a wide variety of instruments to exact his comedic homicides He is as brilliant as he is insane and he has sufficient expertise in chemistry and physics to be able to invent gadgetry and concoct elaborate schemes His equipment included cardshaped blades guns of the trick and real variety joy buzzers which electrocuted the victim a wide variety of laughing gases which incapacitated the victim with laughter and his deadly Joker venom Most famously Joker had a flower attached to his suit This flower emitted a wide variety of chemicals depending on the situation and Jokers mood Laughing gas and acid were popular variants but the possibilities were limited only to the Jokers mind The Joker also seemed to have a strange relationship with death constantly surviving and coming back from potentially fatal thingsincluding long falls explosions and even being psychically mindwiped to name a fewthat should by all rights have ended his career although the last aspect may have been due to the complexity of Jokers own mind Even when he was killed by the brainwashed Tim Drake Joker still managed to cheat death through Tim himself surviving long enough to come into conflict with the new Batman but was destroyed once and for all Originally the Joker possessed little more than average physical strength albeit enough to regularly hold his own against the original Batman But upon inhabiting Tim Drakes mind he acquired the training conditioning and knowledge of the original Batman and Robin allowing him to easily outmatch the new Batman in a fist fight Background information Originally the Joker was slated to be voiced by voiced by legendary actor Tim Curry who at the time had just finished voicing and portraying Pennywise the Dancing Clown from the original TV film adaptation of Stephen King s It However the casting ultimately went to Mark Hamill instead with him being chosen in large part because of his performance as Ferris Boyle in Heart of Ice Contrary to popular belief Tim Curry s rejection was not because of his voice work proving too scary for what was intended to be a childrens television program It was actually because of his voicing style conflicting with showrunner Paul Dini and the other producers vision for the character as Tim Curry voiced the Joker as a more straightforward villain while the producers of the show envisioned the Jokers characterization in the cartoon as being more chaotic and playfully twisted as revealed in Batman Animated Some fans had rumored that Curry recorded some lines for the episode Jokers Favor but wheter this is true or not remains unknown at the current moment As an interesting fact a skeleton is seen wearing a shred of purple clothing with a similar bow flower in the Batman Beyond episode Joyride is believed by many to be that of the original Joker Considering what Terry McGinnis is told that the Jokers body was buried beneath Arkham Asylum s remains as shown in the deleted scenes of Batman Beyond Return of the Joker this could very well be true During the earlier episodes of the series he was frequently given the name Jack Napier which was the true name of the Joker in the 1989 Batman film However as the animated series went on references to the name were dropped with it eventually being implied in Beware the Creeper that this had simply been an alias Similar to the 1989 film version of the Joker this version also worked as a hitman within the mafia and was also responsible for Bruce Wayne adopting the identity of Batman in the 1989 film Jokers role had been direct via Joker or It should be noted that a recurring gag in the DCAU which started in the Batman The Animated Series episode The Laughing Fish was to have an episode finishing with the Joker being apparently killed each time for different reasons but he later returned in further episodes without an explanation given except the instance where he was ultimately killed by Terry McGinnis at the end of Batman Beyond Return of the Joker dying for good According to writer Paul Dini he or Alan Burnett were the ones who pitched the idea to kill off the Joker in certain episodes only to brought back him in later episodes although no explanation for this decision has yet to be given Revamp Along with the rest of the cast the Joker underwent a revamp when Batman The Animated Series streamlined into The New Batman Adventures Jokers change was relatively minor however he lost his trademark red lips his hair was almost black his eyes were turned black and he was made to appear physically smaller and thinner Audio commentary on the DVD release of the Superman The Animated Series episode Worlds Finest and one of the first appearances of Jokers new style reveals that the producers of the DCAU regret the stylistic change and admit that removing Jokers red lips was a mistake and that doing so was Glen Murakami s idea The character was altered again for Batman Beyond Return of the Joker this design using elements from the original design with the second designs angular style was later used for the characters appearances in Static Shock and Justice League Like in the original design the Joker also is shown to have red lips yellow sclera and green hair although they were depicted in an extremely dark manner that the color is only identifiable via highlights According to the DVD commentary of Batman Beyond Return of the Joker the Jokers Batman Beyond era appearance the red eyes and the slicked back hair were based on an illustration of Hannibal Lecter from the novel The Silence of the Lambs The redesigned presentday Joker would later be used when the Joker returned in Justice League although he was modified to appeal bulkier and with a noticeable lurch in his posture Appearances Batman The Animated Series Christmas With the Joker The Last Laugh The Forgotten Cameo in dream sequence Be A Clown Ive Got Batman in My Basement Cameo on a poster Jokers Favor Fear of Victory Cameo Dreams in Darkness Cameo The Laughing Fish The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne Jokers Wild Almost Got Im Birds of a Feather Mentioned Only I Am the Night Mentioned Only The Man Who Killed Batman Harley and Ivy Fire From Olympus Cameo The Worry Men Cameo as a jackinthebox Trial The Terrible Trio Mentioned Only Harlequinade Riddlers Reform Cameo Harleys Holiday Mentioned Only Make Em Laugh Batgirl Returns Cameo in dream sequence LockUp his laughter is heard Feature film Batman Mask of the Phantasm The New Superman Adventures Worlds Finest The Demon Reborn Mentioned Only The New Batman Adventures Holiday Knights Jokers Millions Critters Mentioned Only Legends of the Dark Knight Animal Act indirect mention Old Wounds Flashback Beware the Creeper Mad Love Feature film Batman Mystery of the Batwoman Mentioned Only Gotham Girls Trick or Trick Mentioned Only LadyX Cameo on portrait Miss UnCongeniality Mentioned Only Strategery Cameo as doll Baby Boom Cameo as wax statue Catsitter Cameo Msing in Action Mentioned Only Gotham in Pink Mentioned Only Batman Beyond Shriek picture on a most wanted poster Joyride skeleton seen in Jokerz Cave Feature film Batman Beyond Return of the Joker Static Shock The Big Leagues Justice League Injustice For All Only A Dream Part I dream sequence Wild Cards Justice League Unlimited Fearful Symmetry Mentioned Only The Greatest Story Never Told Mentioned Only The Once and Future Thing Part Two Time Warped Mentioned Only Panic in the Sky Mentioned Only Epilogue Mentioned Only See also List of Jokers Chronological appearances References 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gerber Steve writer Fogel Rich story Riba Dan director November 7 1998 Beware the Creeper The New Batman Adventures Episode 10 airdate Episode 23 production Season 2 Kids WB 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Burnett A Dini P Timm B Murakami G Producers Geda C Director 2000 Batman Beyond Return of the Joker United States Warner Bros Animation 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Melniker B Uslan M Producers Radomski E Timm B W Directors 1993 Batman Mask of the Phantasm United States Warner Bros 40 41 42 43 Dini Paul writer Dini Paul Timm Bruce story Lukic Butch director January 16 1999 Mad Love The New Batman Adventures Episode 11 airdate Episode 21 production Season 2 Kids WB Dini Paul writer Kirkland Boyd director September 11 1992 Jokers Favor Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 7 airdate Episode 22 production FOX Kids Pedersen Ted Hayes Steve writers Paur Frank director September 16 1992 Be A Clown Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 11 airdate Episode 9 production FOX Kids Wise David story ReevesStevens Judith ReevesStevens Garfield teleplay Paur Frank director October 29 1992 The Strange Secret of Bruce Wayne Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 29 airdate Episode 37 production FOX Kids Dini Paul writer Kirkland Boyd director November 19 1992 Jokers Wild Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 42 airdate Episode 41 production FOX Kids 90 91 Dini Paul Rogel Randy writers Kirkland Boyd director November 5 1994 Make Em Laugh The Adventures of Batman Robin Season 3 Episode 7 airdate Episode 83 production FOX Kids 100 101 Dini Paul writer Altieri Kevin director May 23 1994 Harlequinade Batman The Animated Series Season 2 Episode 10 airdate Episode 72 production FOX Kids Dini Paul writer Timm Bruce W director January 10 1993 The Laughing Fish Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 46 airdate Episode 34 production FOX Kids 120 121 Gorodetsky Eddie writer Butterworth Kent director November 13 1992 Christmas With the Joker Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 38 airdate Episode 2 production FOX Kids 130 131 Burnett Alan Dini Paul Fogel Rich writers Burnett Alan Dini Paul story Masuda Toshihiko director October 4 1997 Worlds Finest Part I Superman The Animated Series Season 2 Episode 16 airdate Episode 39 production Kids WB Gerber Steve writer Burnett Alan Dini Paul story Masuda Toshihiko director October 4 1997 Worlds Finest Part II Superman The Animated Series Season 2 Episode 17 airdate Episode 40 production Kids WB 150 151 Berkowitz Stan writer Burnett Alan Dini Paul story Masuda Toshihiko director October 4 1997 Worlds Finest Part III Superman The Animated Series Season 2 Episode 18 airdate Episode 41 production Kids WB 160 161 162 Dini Paul writer Riba Dan director February 21 1998 Jokers Millions The New Batman Adventures Episode 7 airdate Episode 7 production Season 1 Kids WB Uhley Len writer Chlystek Dave director January 26 2002 The Big Leagues Static Shock Season 2 Episode 1 airdate Episode 24 production Kids WB Berkowitz Stan writer Lukic Butch director September 6 2002 Injustice For All Part I Justice League Season 1 Episode 18 airdate Episode 8 production Cartoon Network 190 191 Berkowitz Stan writer Lukic Butch director September 13 2002 Injustice For All Part II Justice League Season 1 Episode 19 airdate Episode 9 production Cartoon Network Berkowitz Stan McDuffie Dwayne writers Lukic Butch director December 6 2003 Wild Cards Part I Justice League Season 2 Episode 21 airdate Episode 48 production Cartoon Network Berkowitz Stan McDuffie Dwayne writers Lukic Butch director December 6 2003 Wild Cards Part II Justice League Season 2 Episode 22 airdate Episode 49 production Cartoon Network Burnett Alan Dini Paul writers Geda Curt director January 10 1999 Rebirth Part I Batman Beyond Season 1 Episode 1 airdate Episode 1 production Kids WB Dini Paul writer Timm Bruce W director February 1 1993 The Man Who Killed Batman Batman The Animated Series Season 1 Episode 49 airdate Episode 51 production FOX Kids That Time Tim Curry Was The Joker at Fandom Wikia Paul_Dini Paul Dini on Notes The name Jack Napier was used in Tim Burtons 1989 Batman film and later utilized in the DCAU as well Dr Bartholomew refers to him by this name in Dreams in Darkness and the name can be seen in a file about him in Jokers Wild Later in Beware the Creeper it is mentioned that his true identity is unknown and that he operated under a variety of aliases during his criminal career implying that the man did indeed use a number of aliases and that Jack Napier was simply used the longest or at least the one used before his accident As an hallucination in the Batman The Animated Series episode The Forgotten While impersonating Tim Drake in Batman Beyond Return of the Joker External links Joker at Wikipedia Joker at the DC Database Members of the Injustice Gang First Group Cheetah Copperhead Joker Lex Luthor Shade Solomon Grundy Star Sapphire UltraHumanite Second Group Aresia Copperhead Shade Solomon Grundy Star Sapphire Tsukuri Categories DCAU Wiki featured articles A to Z Arkham Asylum inmates Batman Beyond rogues Batman rogues Future individuals Individuals with above average intelligence Injustice Gang members Justice League rogues Individuals proficient in handtohand combat | [
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http://dcps.duvalschools.org/Page/9843 | Registration All registrants must provide valid documentation to include proof of birth age , Florida certification of immunization or exemption , proof of physical examination by a Florida - licensed health professional , proof of residency , and meet the following school registration requirements under Florida Law : Kindergarten - Children may enter kindergarten if they will be five years old on or before September 1st . First Grade - Children may enter first grade if they will be 6 ( six ) years old on or before September 1st , and have successfully completed kindergarten . All children who will be 6 ( six ) years old by February 1st must attend school . All children must attend school until they reach the age of 16 ( sixteen ) . The requirements above are Florida law and there are no exceptions . Pre - Kindergarten Duva l County Public Schools offers engaging early learning programs that prepare children for successful entry into kindergarten . Parents may enroll their age three ( 3 ) or age four ( 4 ) child in a standards - based , developmentally appropriate school year program or the two - month Summer Voluntary Pre - Kindergarten Program for children entering kindergarten in the fall . Child ( ren ) must be age 4 on or before September 1st of the current school year . All students registering for any Duval County public school must adhere to the Proof of Residency Requirements as described below . Contacts Community Education Department 904 - 858 - 6080 Duval County Health Department 904 - 253 - 1420 Exceptional Education & Student Services Office 904 - 348 - 7800 Food Service Free / Reduce Application 904 - 732 - 5145 Pupil Assignment Office 904 - 390 - 2144 School Choice Office 904 - 390 - 2082 Registration Links Early Childhood Schools Exceptional Ed & Student Services Food Service Pre - K Registration Registration School Locator Student Registration Forms Kindergarten โ Grade 12 Registration and enrollment for Kindergarten - Grade 12 at any neightborhood , magnet and special transfer option school begins Jan . 1 . Registration for pre - kindergarten students begins in late April at any Duval County public elementary school that offers pre - kindergarten . If you want your child to attend a neighborhood school , determine your child ( ren ) โ s zoned area school by entering your home address in the school locator or by contacting the Pupil Assignment Office at 904 - 390 - 2144 . Check the school ' s website for more information about the school . Visit the school to register and enroll your child . If you would like your child to attend a magnet or special transfer option school , you must apply online . Open enrollment begins Jan . 1 and ends February 28 . Please click here for more information on how to apply . All students registering for any Duval County public school must adhere to the Proof of Residency Requirements as described below . Proof of Birth , Vaccination , Physical Examination & Other Documentation All registrants must provide all of the following : Birth certificate or valid evidence of date of birth Florida certification of immunization or exemption Physical examination for all students who have never attended a Florida public or private school ( physical must be no more than 12 months old at the time of the student โ s enrollment ) Most recent report card , if granted from another district Proof of Residency Requirements Proof of residence is required before a student is enrolled in his / her properly assigned school . For registration and subsequent enrollment , the parent or legal guardian must complete the district ' s student registration form and submit : 2 ( two ) documents from the sources listed in Column A ( both sources of information must match ) or 1 ( one ) document from Column A and 2 ( two ) documents from Column B ( all sources of information must match ) . For extraordinary circumstances , please contact the District ' s Pupil Assignment Office / School Choice office directly for further clarification regarding other accepted official identification sources not listed below . Column A Column B Jacksonville Electric Authority ( JEA ) Bill or TECO Bill Automobile Insurance Mortgage Agreement ( or closing statement ) Credit Card Statement Lease Agreement ( from a company , or * private individual ) Bank Account Statement Driver โ s License or State ID US Postal Service Confirmation of Address Change Current Bank Account Statement ( may block out account number ) Payroll Statement Current Non - cellular Phone Bill Vehicle Registration * Private lease agreement must be notarized AND two additional documents from columns B are required . Bona Fide Residence Process When school is in session and a parent can not readily produce the required documentation , the school shall ensure the student is readily enrolled following the โ Bona Fide Residence โ process : The student shall be registered in school . Acceptable proof of residence must be provided within 15 school days . If , after 15 school days , acceptable proof of residence has not been provided , the student shall be immediately withdrawn by the school and must be registered and enrolled in the appropriate boundaries school by the parent . Inaccurate Address Information For good cause , such as but not limited to cases where the principal / designee believes that a student โ s enrollment information is inaccurate due to returned mail or reasonable suspicion that the student is not residing at the claimed address , the following procedures may be implemented at the discretion of the Principal / designee ( based on sufficient resources ) : A call or a home visit may be made , or a letter may be sent to parent ( s ) who have conflicting address information , requesting that the parent verify and update enrollment information . The school staff may examine the Property Appraiser โ s Website to determine the parent โ s homestead ( primary residence ) location . The homestead address of the parent will be used as a factor to determine the student โ s assigned school . A conflicting address indicates that further investigation is required . | [
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http://dcps.k12.md.us/ | Dorchester County Public Schools News About Us Board Clips Superintendent Updates Schools Elementary Schools The Judy Center About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters Partners Choptank Elementary About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling Hurlock Elementary About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling Maple Elementary About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling Sandy Hill Elementary About Us Administration Faculty School Counseling SouthDorchester K8 About Us Administration Faculty School Counseling Vienna Elementary About Us Administration Faculty School Counseling Warwick Elementary About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling Middle Schools Maces Lane Middle About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling North Dorchester Middle About Us Administration Faculty Newsletters School Counseling South Dorchester K8 About Us Administration Faculty School Counseling High Schools CambridgeSouth Dorchester About Us Administration Athletics Faculty Newsletters School Counseling North Dorchester About Us Administration Athletics Faculty School Counseling Dorchester Career Technology Center About Us Administration Faculty Lets Talk Departments Central Office Directory Early Childhood Finance Food Service Human Resources Benefits Employment Extra Duties Forms How to Apply Job Fairs Negotiated Agreements Retirement Sick Leave Bank Substitutes Teacher Certification Instruction School Facilities Bid Board Special Education Family Support Services Infants and Toddlers Program Links of Interest Transitioning to Adult Services Student Services Bullying Homeless PDF Instructional Services PBIS Project AWARE Leadership Board of Education Our Mission Meeting Dates Times Maryland Association of Board of Education Minutes Agendas Budgets Superintendent Organizational Chart Board Docs Especially For Community Board Citizens Advisory Council on School Environment News Meeting Notice AgendasMinutes DCPS Policies COMAR PDF Contact Local Officials PDF Employees Parents Students County Calendar Dr Diana Mitchell Superintendent of Schools Our Mission In partnership with families and community Dorchester County Public Schools is committed to providing a high quality safe inclusive learning environment that produces responsible college and career ready citizens Elementary Schools Middle Schools High Schools STUDENT MISSION PLEDGE I will finish my program of study and become college and career ready Dorchester County Maryland with a population of 29300 is the Eastern Shores largest county with 593 square miles of land and 108 square miles of water While the county is home to more than 750 businesses it is also rich in recreational facilities and natural resources The Dorchester County Public School system provides the educational foundation for the countys children More Superintendent Updates DCPS PreKindergartens Receive Gift January 02 2019 Sandy Hill Judy Center celebrates English Language Learner Families December 27 2018 North Dorchester Student Chosen for AllEastern Honors Chorus December 14 2018 Twenty DCPS Students Chosen for 2019 AllState Choruses December 13 2018 More Superintendent Updates Latest News NOTICE OF MEETING Board of Education Budget Work Session with Public Comments on the Budget NOTICE OF MEETING Board of Education Budget Work Session with Public Comments on the Budget DATE Thursday January 3 2019 TIME 500 pm Budget Work Session with Public Comment on the Budget PLACE The Board Room Central office of the Board of Education 700 Glasgow Street Cambridge MD 21613 Written on Thursday 20 December 2018 1329 NOTICE OF BOARD OF EDUCATION MEETING NOTICE OF BOARD OF EDUCATION MEETING DATE Thursday December 13 2018 TIME 200 pm PLACE The Board Room Central Office of the Board of Education 700 Glasgow Street Cambridge MD 21613 The Board of Education of Dorchester County will conduct an Open Session at the date time and location indicated Written on Thursday 06 December 2018 1458 Report Cards for Dorchester County Schools Released by MSDE Report Cards for Dorchester County Schools Released by MSDE The Maryland State Department of Education released the new Maryland Report Card website today containing performance data for every school in the state including Dorchester CountyThe states new accountability system gives each school a score based on a combination of academic Written on Tuesday 04 December 2018 1729 NOTICE OF BOARD OPEN WORK SESSION NOTICE OF BOARD OPEN WORK SESSION DATE Thursday November 29 2018 TIME 400 pm PLACE The Board Room Central Office of the Board of Education 700 Glasgow Street Cambridge MD 21613 The Board of Education of Dorchester County will conduct an Open Work Session at the date time and location Written on Tuesday 27 November 2018 0836 More News Items Breakfast Lunch Menu January PK January Board Clips Board Clips December 13 2018 Board Budget Approved FY 2019 Budget Approved FY 2018 Budget | [
"STUDENT MISSION PLEDGE",
"Superintendent Updates"
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http://dcss.smcgov.org/obligor-and-obligee | Home Resources Information for Dads Obligor and Obligee The parents in a child support case can be described in several ways . The easiest words to use are probably โ mother โ and โ father . โ However , it is not always the case that the mother is the party receiving the child support and the father is the one paying it . You may also hear the phrases โ custodial party , โ โ custodial parent , โ โ non - custodial parent , โ and โ non - custodial party . โ Because these terms are often imperfect and inaccurate , the words โ obligor โ and โ obligee โ are frequently used . The obligor is the parent responsible for making the support payments , and the obligee is the recipient of these payments . These words have the virtue of being applicable in almost every child support case , regardless of which parent is in which role . | [
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http://ddowiki.com/page/Category:Enchantment_Focus_items | CategoryEnchantment Focus items navigation Enchantment Focus 1 items Cloak of Curses Cunning Trinket Dream Cloak Glimpse of the Soul Greater Cunning Trinket Spectacles of Spirit Sight The Band Immaterial level 13 Enchantment Focus 2 items Dreamspitter Epic Elders Cap Epic Spectacles of Spirit Sight Nether Orb Level 17 Scepter of Mad Trickery Shard of Xoriat Staff of the Petitioner Xachosian Eardweller Enchantment Focus 3 items Brazenband Dreampiercer Kindred Pendant Lilting Song Nether Orb Level 18 Nether Orb Level 19 Sages Mantle Level 19 Twilight Element of Magic Enchantment Focus 4 items Nether Orb Level 26 Enchantment Focus 5 items Nether Orb Level 27 Nether Orb Level 28 Sages Mantle Level 27 The Band Immaterial level 28 Enchantment Focus 6 items Legendary Brazenband Enchantment Focus 8 items Legendary Kindred Pendant Legendary Lilting Song Insightful Enchantment Focus items Insightful Enchantment Focus 1 items Mutilator of Minds Insightful Enchantment Focus 2 items Kindred Pendant Shimmer The Band Immaterial level 28 Insightful Enchantment Focus 4 items Legendary Kindred Pendant Legendary Mutilator of Minds Legendary Shimmer Quality Enchantment Focus items Quality Enchantment Focus 1 items Hypnotic Pendant Shimmer Quality Enchantment Focus 2 items Legendary Hypnotic Pendant Legendary Shimmer Subcategories This category has the following 9 subcategories out of 9 total Enchantment Focus 1 items 7 P Enchantment Focus 2 items 8 P Enchantment Focus 3 items 8 P cont Enchantment Focus 4 items 1 P Enchantment Focus 5 items 4 P Enchantment Focus 6 items 1 P cont Enchantment Focus 8 items 2 P I Insightful Enchantment Focus items 3 C Q Quality Enchantment Focus items 2 C Category Spell Focus items Root DDO library Items Item groups Items by effect group Spell Focus items | [
"Enchantment Focus items"
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http://ddowiki.com/page/Enhancements | Game mechanics Newbie guide In development DDO Store Social Media Challenges Classes Collectables Crafting Enhancements Epic Destinies Favor Feats Glossary Items Maps Monsters Places Quests Races Skills Spells Please create an account or log in to build a reputation and unlock more editing privileges , and then visit DDO wiki ' s IRC Chat / Discord if you need any help ! Enhancements navigation search Class Artificer Dog Barbarian Bard Cleric Druid Wolf Favored Soul Fighter Monk AT BE RM FB OS Rav SB SS WC DD RS War NW NP SH AoV BoH War Ken StD Van HeM NiS Shi Paladin Ranger Rogue Sorcerer Warlock Wizard Other KotC SaD Van AA DWS Tem Ass Mec TA Air Earth EK Fire Water ES SE TS AM EK PM Fal Har Inq Vis Free to Play Drow Dwarf Elf AA Halfling Human Premium Races Aasimar Dragonborn Gnome H - Elf W - Elf H - Orc Tiefling Warforged Iconic Heroes Bladeforged Deep Gnome Morninglord PDK Scoundrel Scourge Shadar - kai Contents hide 1 Overview 1.1 Limits 2 Action Points 2.1 Additional racial action points 2.2 Tips 3 Enhancements list 3.1 Class enhancements 3.2 Racial enhancements 4 Iconic racial enhancements 5 See also 6 History 6.1 Pre Mod 3.3 6.2 Post Unlimited 6.3 Update 19 Enhancement Pass Overview As a character advances in experience and level , they will gain action points ( aka AP ) which can then be spent on enhancements . The available enhancement selection is based upon a character ' s race and class , and consists of improvements to those race and class strengths . For example , a Rogue would be offered enhancements to improve skill at hiding or disarming traps , while a Barbarian would be offered enhancements to improve their ability to Rage Enhancements are offered via different " trees " , which are a collection of thematically related enhancements : Classes usually have 3 class trees each Races have 1 racial tree each ( n.b. Racial variants have different racial trees from each other ) There are several universal trees that are independent of race or class ; these usually require specific favor or a special purchase to unlock Each tree is broken into 2 parts - the core enhancements plus 4 or 5 tiers of enhancements : Each successive tier offers ( usually ) more powerful enhancements than the one before Each successive tier requires a certain number of AP to be spent on previous tiers , called progression , thus a character can not spend all their points on the highest , most powerful tiers Tiers also require certain character or class level : Tier 1 - 4 enhancements require levels 1 - 4 respectively Tier 5 enhancements require ( class or character ) level 12 The core enhancements work slightly differently : Core enhancements have a minimum point expenditure required , but are only available once a certain class level ( for class trees ) or character level ( for universal trees ) is reached The Core 1 enhancement must be purchased before any AP can be spent on the Tiers , but further core abilities are purely optional Enhancements from a or tree usually stack with other enhancements from other trees , even when they give identical bonuses : e.g . Elven Dexterity and Ranger Dexterity can be taken together If , however , the enhancements have identical names , they may not stack : e.g. The Awareness enhancement is available in several trees , but only the highest Awareness bonus applies Ability bonuses from enhancements or equipped items do not count towards enhancement or feat prerequisites . Enhancements can be reset using platinum or astral shards while in a public area . The platinum cost is determined by the number of action points currently spent in that tree , as well as a multiplier determined by the number of enhancement resets that the character has done recently . When resetting enhancements , a character may choose to reset any tree individually or clear all trees and enhancements at once and start over entirely . Limits Characters are limited to enhancements from a maximum of 6 trees plus their tree , for a possible total of 7 active trees . A character can only select tier 5 enhancements from one tree at any given time : Both and trees have 5 tiers All trees have only 4 tiers Action Points Action Point s ( APs ) are points gained in the process of increasing in level . The character can spend those points in enhancements . However , he must meet the progression and any prerequisite there is , otherwise he wo n ' t be able to pick the desired enhancement . A character gains an action point at ranks 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , for a total of four action points per level . At the level cap ( 20 ) , there are no ranks , so you instantly gain the last four Action Points for a final total of 80 . Banking experience or levels does not gain additional AP past the 4 for the current level . However , once you take your next level , any banked experience that results in additional ranks is immediately translated into available AP . Enhancements cost one or more Action Points . For this reason , you do not lose your action points when leveling up , and can save , or " bank " , as many as you wish , unspent for the time being . Additional racial action points A character with 10 racial AP In addition to the 80 action points gained from levels , characters that have undergone Racial Reincarnation may receive additional action points that may only be spent on racial enhancements . These bonus AP are not level - gated , you can spend them all at level 1 . Characters get 1 additional action point for each non - iconic race that has undergone Racial Reincarnation 3 times . ( Additional reincarnations with the same race have no additional effect . ) As of Update 36 Patch 3 , DDO has 11 non - iconic races ; thus characters can get 11 extra racial AP . With the release of the Mists of Ravenloft expansion , Racial Enhancement Point Tomes can grant an additional 2 racial APs to your character . Tips In game , you can pull up your Enhancement screen at any time by hitting Ctrl + r . You can spend or respec your AP any time you are in a public area ( no need to visit a trainer , but that works too ) . At most , you can take enhancements from 6 class or special trees plus your 1 racial tree for a total of 7 trees simultaneously . Spending points in one class tree might make another class tree or specific enhancement unavailable ( e.g. The various Sorcerer ' s savant trees lock out all enhancements of the " opposite " element ( fire / water , air / earth ) , and you can not spend AP in both the Ranger : Arcane Archer and racial Elf / Half - Elf / Morninglord Arcane Archer trees , etc . ) Use the big arrows on the sides of the enhancements UI to access additional trees . You can rearrange the order of your enhancement trees by dragging / dropping the round class icon at the bottom - left of each tree , or by clicking on the drop - down box near the bottom of the trees . The first core enhancement ( only ) is required to take any other enhancements in a tree . You can only take tier 5 abilities in one class tree . Enhancements with the same name in multiple trees might not stack ( inconsistent ) . Enhancements list Select a category from the table below for detailed information about enhancements available for that race or class . Class enhancements Artificer Enhancements : Arcanotechnician Battle Engineer Renegade Mastermaker Enhancements : Frenzied Berserker Occult Slayer Ravager Bard Spellsinger Warchanter Swashbuckler Cleric Divine Disciple Warpriest Radiant Servant Druid Nature ' s Protector Nature ' s Warrior Season ' s Herald Favored Soul Angel of Vengeance Beacon of Hope Warpriest Fighter Kensei Stalwart Defender Vanguard Monk Henshin Mystic Ninja Spy Shintao Monk Paladin Knight of the Chalice Sacred Defender Vanguard Ranger Arcane Archer Deepwood Stalker Tempest Assassin Mechanic Thief - Acrobat Sorcerer Air Savant Earth Savant Eldritch Knight Fire Savant Water Savant Warlock Soul Eater Tainted Scholar Enlightened Spirit Wizard Archmage Eldritch Knight Pale Master All Falconry Harper Agent Vistani Knife Fighter Reaper Racial enhancements Aasimar Dragonborn Drow Dwarf Elf Arcane Archer Gnome Halfling Half - Elf Half - Elf Half - Orc Half - Orc Human Warforged Wood Elf Wood Elf Iconic racial enhancements Aasimar Scourge Aasimar Scourge Bladeforged Deep Gnome Sun Elf ( Morninglord ) Morninglord Purple Dragon Knight Purple Dragon Knight Shadar - kai See also Epic Destinies Reaper enhancements History Pre Mod 3.3 The enhancement system was totally redesigned in Mod 3.3 . Before that date , a player could only have four enhancements . However , one line of enhancements only counted as one enhancement . For example , a level 10 dwarf could only select Dwarven Armor Mastery III , he could not select the second nor the first and that counted as one of his four enhancements . Back in that time , player could not save action points before leveling . In fact , if a player had unspent action points when leveling , he received a warning message . Once a character had reached the maximum level possible at that time , he received a free action point every 20,000 XP so that he could change his enhancements if he so chose . Post Unlimited In Unlimited / Module 9 Capstone enhancements Prestige enhancements were added . For each class 1 Capstone was implemented and it was announced that for each class 3 tiers of 3 different Prestiges were planned . However , even to this day , many of these Prestiges remain unavailable , limiting some classes ' player choice . On Update 7 , class specific enhancements like Cleric Heal I has been replaced with generalized enhancements like Improved Heal I . This also brought down costs of the four tiers of the skill enhancements . Before , tier I , II , II and IV cost 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 AP respectively . Now , all tiers cost 1 AP each for generalized enhancements . This improved the viability of Prestige enhancements for many builds . Update 19 Enhancement Pass Total redesign in the user interface and the way AP is spent . All enhancements , including previous Prestige enhancements and Racial enhancements , are integrated onto Enhancement Trees . Categories DDO game mechanics Root > DDO game mechanics Root > DDO library | [
"Enhancements",
"action points",
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http://ddowiki.com/page/Heal_%28skill%29 | Game mechanics Newbie guide In development DDO Store Social Media Challenges Classes Collectables Crafting Enhancements Epic Destinies Favor Feats Glossary Items Maps Monsters Places Quests Races Skills Spells Please create an account or log in to build a reputation and unlock more editing privileges , and then visit DDO wiki ' s IRC Chat / Discord if you need any help ! Heal ( skill ) navigation search Heal ( skill ) Wisdom Description The Heal skill is both an Active and passive skill . Class Skill for Cleric Druid Favored Soul Paladin Ranger Active The Heal skill is actively used to save incapacitated players . This skill uses 1 healer ' s kit per attempt . The incapacitated player can be revived but they will only be healed to 1 hit point if a successful Heal check is made . To make a successful Heal check , your Heal skill + 1d20 must equal or exceed the DC check for reviving an incapacitated player . The DC of the Heal check to revive a wounded player is 20 . Passive The Heal skill is passively used to determine the number of hit points that are regained at rest shrines . The number of hit points regained at a shrine is determined by the highest Heal skill of any nearby ally ( thus , it is helpful for Clerics or other high - Wisdom characters to stand in rest shrines when someone else is using them ) . The exact formula is : 10 + 3 * ( level + maximum score in Heal of a nearby party member ) official . Note that this does not apply to warforged , who rely on the repair skill . From Update 19 , the Heal skill is now much more useful , as it adds 1 point of Positive and Negative Spell Power per point of skill . This enhances Positive Energy spells ( such as Cure Wounds or Heal ) and Negative Energy spells ( such as Inflict Critical Wounds ) and Positive / Negative spell - like abilities for all classes . It does not affect spells cast from scrolls or clickies . Categories Skills Active skills Passive skills Cleric Druid Favored Soul Paladin Ranger Root > DDO library > Classes Root DDO library Active skills Passive skills | [
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http://deadliestjokes.wikia.com/wiki/Sandy_Cheeks | in : Spongebob warriors Cartoon Warriors T.v warriors and 7 more Sandy Cheeks Edit Comments ( 3 ) Share Sandy Cheeks Sandy comes from the state of Texas , she was actually born in Houston , Texas but she exhibits many characteristics of a stereotypical " cowgirl " character by going to every city in Texas . She speaks with a heavy southern accent , and uses typical southern slang words and phrases . She is very fond of her homeland and its culture , as most notably seen in the episode " Texas " , in which she grows homesick for it and considers leaving Bikini Bottom to return to Texas . In that same episode , she takes great offense at SpongeBob and Patrick ' s negative remarks about Texas , and violently attacks them when they continue to insult it . Sandy Cheeks Activities Doing experiments and karate Term of Service 1999 - present Combat status Will fight Kitty Katswell Sandy is one of the most intelligent and level - headed characters on the show . She is a multi - talented scientist and inventor , and originally came to Bikini Bottom to study sea creatures and their lifestyles . In " Chimps Ahoy " , it is revealed that she is employed by a trio of chimpanzees from the surface , named Dr . Marmalade , Lord Reginald and Professor Percy . As an inventor , Sandy is capable of creating extremely advanced devices with ease . Her inventions include a manned space ship , a teleporter , a submarine that can shrink to microscopic size and go inside a person ' s body ( Squidward the octopus ' ) , and even a cloning device Sandy is also very athletic and physically fit . She and SpongeBob share a favorite pastime of Karate , and frequently fight each other for fun . The karate they use appears to be stylized to fit that of " play karate " , as they both mainly fight with chops and kicks in a cartoonish manner . There also appears to be other forms of fighting in the series , most notably in Karate Island , where three other fish demonstrate unique fighting styles , ( which looks more like stylized versions of Kung Fu rather than Karate ) . Sandy also enjoys extreme sports and thrill - seeking , which SpongeBob also joins her in on occasion , most notably in " Prehibernation Week " . Sandy possesses immense strength , and is one of the strongest creatures in Bikini Bottom . She is often seen at Mussel Beach lifting weights with Larry the Lobster , of whom she is a good friend , and other muscular fish . In " MuscleBob BuffPants , " Sandy shows SpongeBob her immense biceps and intense daily exercise routine . In that same episodes , she wins the eighth annual Goo Lagoon anchor toss competition , tossing an enormous anchor 510 yards . Sandra " Sandy " Cheeks is the primary tritagonist of the SpongeBob SquarePants series . She is a notable female character . She is a squirrel and one of SpongeBob ' s best friends . Sandy is notable for her Texan characteristics and knowledge of Karate and science . As revealed in Patrick SmartPants and Atlantis SquarePantis , Sandy ' s real name is Sandra Cheeks . Sandy is just a nickname for her .   Categories Spongebob warriors Cartoon Warriors T.v warriors Children warriors Kids show warriors Female Warriors American warriors Adults Animals Heroes Add category | [
"Sandy Cheeks",
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http://deadoraliveinfo.com/dead.Nsf/snames/Seuss+Dr | Intro / News Page A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Birthdays Today Died on this Date Died in the last 6 months Died Before Age 30 People Alive Over 85 Lived to 100 By Field By Sex By Cause of Death Random Name Added Recently Dead or Alive Quizzes Put ' em In Order Quizzes Guess the Age Quiz Two New Quizzes Who Have You Outlived ? Visitor Stories Related Links RSS Feed Statistics Privacy Policy Advertising Info Advertisement Search New Name Comment Instructions Home Click for the main Search Page Profile Send to friend Last updated : 04 / 10 / 2019 Dead Dr . Seuss Field : Literature Info : Author of numerous children ' s books , including " The Cat in the Hat " , " Green Eggs and Ham " , and " Horton Hears a Who " , real name : Theodor Geisel Date of Birth : 03 / 02 / 1904 Date of Death : 09 / 24 / 1991 Age at Death : 87 Cause of Death : Cancer Link ( s ) with more info : ยฉ Copyright 1998 - 2019 by Kentix Computing | [
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http://deadspin.com/ronda-rousey-wants-to-hurt-her-next-opponent-very-badly-1713393158 | The Fights Ronda Rousey Wants To Hurt Her Next Opponent Very Badly Tom Ley 6 / 23 / 15 1 : 21pm Filed to : ronda rousey 137 37 UFC women โ s bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey โ s next fight will be on Aug . 1 , when she will take on Beth Correia . If Rousey โ s continued pre - fight trash talk is to be believed , Correia is in a world of trouble . Last month , while hyping the fight , Correia made a crack about hoping that Rousey would n โ t kill herself after losing the match . That was not an especially cool thing to do , given that Rousey โ s father committed suicide when she was just eight years old . Despite Correia โ s apology , Rousey has not let up . She got on Instagram this week to remind Correia what โ s in store for her : Advertisement The good news is that this might end up being a Rousey fight that actually extends beyond the first few seconds of the first round . The bad news is that we might have to watch Correia get her arm snapped in multiple places on live TV . Share This Story | [
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"Beth Correia"
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http://deadtimes.wikia.com/wiki/Amphicoelias | in : Tyrannosaur Article stubs Templates and 2 more Amphicoelias Edit Share Amphicoelias ( pronounced Am - fi - see - lias , meaning ' Doubly Hollow ' ) is a genus of herbivious sauropod dinosaur and is the largest animal to have ever live , bigger than the blue whale . Two species have been named , A . fragillimus and A . altus A . fragillimus is known from a single bone which was lost more than 100 years ago and the size estimates are based of A . altus and other diplodocid sauropods . Fossils Edit A . fragilimus is based of a femur and a neural arch , both are now lost . was described in 1884 . The type species , is more complete consisting of two vertebrae , a pubis ( hip bone ) , and a femur ( upper leg bone ) . In 1921 , Osborn and Mook assigned additional bones to A . altus โ a scapula ( shoulder blade ) , a coracoid ( shoulder bone ) , an ulna ( lower arm bone ) , and a tooth . A . altus was described in 1878 . Size is a massive animal . A . altus measured around 25m long , a similar size to smaller species of its close relative Diplodocus . Howvever , is much larger . Its sizes are Amphicoelias compared with other large animals . based on drawings of the orginal fossil and related diplodocids . It was estimated by Gregory S . Paul in 1994 to measure 40 - 60m long . There was a re - evaluation of Amphicoelias ' s size in 2006 by Ken Carpenter . Carpenter presented an estimated total length of 58m ( 190ft ) , which he noted fell within the range presented by Paul in 1994 ( 40 โ 60m , or 131 โ 196ft ) . Carpenter pointed out that even the lowest length estimates for A . fragillimus were higher than those for other giant sauropods , such as the diplodocid Supersaurus ( 32.5m , 107ft ) , the brachiosaurid Sauroposeidon ( 34m , 111ft ) , and the titanosaur Argentinosaurus ( 30m , 98 ft ) . Carpenter presented more speculative , specific proportions for A . fragillimus ( again , based on a scaled - up Diplodocus ) , including a neck length of 16.75m ( 55ft ) , a body length of 9.25m ( 30ft ) , and a tail length of 32m ( 105ft ) . He estimated the total forelimb height at 5.75m ( 19ft ) and hind limb height at 7.5m ( 25ft ) , and the overall height ( at the highest point on the back ) at 9.25m ( 30ft ) . By comparison the blue whale , which is on average the longest living creature , reaches 30 โ 33m ( 98 โ 110ft ) in length . These figures from Carpenter assume the known neural arch came from the largest in the body , when it is perfectly possible it did not . This would suggest that despite the huge size of thes estimates , they are a touch conservative . While was relatively thin , its enormous size still made it very massive . Weight is much more difficult to determine than length in sauropods , as the more complex equations needed are prone to greater margins of error based on smaller variations in the overall proportions of the animal . Carpenter used Paul ' s 1994 estimate of the mass of Diplodocus carnegii ( 11.5 tonnes ) to speculate that could have weighed up to 122.4 metric tonnes . The heaviest blue whale on record weighed about 195 tonnes , and the heaviest dinosaur known from reasonably good remains , the Argentinosaurus , weighed 80 โ 100 tonnes , although if the size estimates can be validated , it would still be lighter than Bruhathkayosaurus , which is estimated to have weighed 139 tonnes . Categories Tyrannosaur Article stubs Templates Recently extinct animals Dinosaurs Add category | [
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http://deal.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_Deal_or_No_Deal_USA_records | in Records Date Big Winners List of Deal or No Deal USA records Here is a list of important records on Deal or No Deal USA Contents show Primetime NBC Biggest Winner by Deal Regular 1000000 board Thorpe Schoenle Won 464000 on 052406 Former Records Sheetal Shetty Won 375000 on 3406 Peter Montesanti Won 359000 on 27206 Traci Wilkerson Won 267000 on 221205 Amy Dittbrenner Won 201000 on 211205 Jason Vittorini Won 189000 on 201205 Karen Van Won 25000 on 191205 Biggest Winner by No Deal Regular 1000000 board Tie Peter Shine Won 100000 on 131106 and Tunde Oyeneyin Won 100000 on 1109 Former Records Janette Beverley Won 75000 on 231205 Biggest Winner by Deal Modified board Kimberly Chastang Won 701000 on 19906 Former Records Matthew Sollena Won 675000 on 18906 Cindy Pridgen Won 407000 on 1306 Mark Adrian Won 64000 on 1306 Biggest Winner by No Deal Modified board Tie Jessica Robinson Won 1000000 on 1908 and Tomorrow Rodriguez Won 1000000 on 291008 Former Records Michele Falco Won 750000 on 22906 Lowest Winner by Deal Regular 1000000 board Brett Kurtz Won 8 on 24306 Former Records Eric Paulson Won 19000 on 10306 Venus Bernardo Won 23000 on 231205 Karen Van Won 25000 on 191205 Lowest Winner by No Deal Regular 1000000 board Tie Julie Lonero Won 1 on 6507 Jallah Leonard Won 1 on 51207 and David Vinson Won 1 on 101207 Former Records Cheryl Jackson Won 5 on 28206 Janette Beverley Won 75000 on 231205 Lowest Winner by Deal Modified board Carmen Gantt Won 100 on 101007 Former Records Joe Pacheco Won 5000 on 3306 Mark Adrian Won 64000 on 1306 Lowest Winner by No Deal Modified board Heather McKee Won 001 on 3108 Former Records Michele Falco Won 750000 on 22906 Highest Offer Made Regular 1000000 board 493000 Offered to Efren Afante on 121207 Former Records 464000 Offered to Israel Contastine on 24406 375000 Offered to Sheetal Shetty on 3406 359000 Offered to Peter Montesanti on 27206 279000 Offered to Peter Montesanti on 27206 275000 Offered to Traci Wilkerson on 221205 240000 Offered to Jason Vittorini on 201205 162000 Offered to Jason Vittorini on 201205 138000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 90000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 77000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 53000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 37000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 21000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 Highest Potential Offer after Deal Regular 1000000 board 687000 Would have been offered to Mike Levy on 5508 Former Records 660000 Would have been offered to Tia Robertson on 10406 500000 Would have been offered to Amy Dittbrenner on 211205 Highest Offer Made Modified board 880000 Offered to Michele Falco on 22906 Former Records 701000 Offered to Kimberly Chastang on 19906 675000 Offered to Matthew Sollena on 18906 650000 Offered to Matthew Sollena on 18906 407000 Offered to Cindy Pridgen on 1306 250000 Offered to Cindy Pridgen on 1306 140000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 1306 76000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 1306 39000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 25000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 19000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 Highest Potential Offer after Deal Modified board 1600000 Would have been offered to Matthew Sollena on 18906 Former Records 1100000 Would have been offered to Matthew Sollena on 18906 1000000 Would have been offered to Cindy Pridgen on 1306 692000 Would have been offered to Cindy Pridgen on 1306 542000 Would have been offered to Alecia Whitaker on 10507 90000 Would have been offered to Mark Adrian on 1306 Lowest Offer Made Regular 1000000 board 2 Offered to Cheryl Jackson on 28206 Former Records 4000 Offered to Janette Beverley on 231205 7000 Offered to Jason Vittorini on 191205 17000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 21000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 Lowest Offer Made Modified board 75 Offered to Chris Williams on 15908 Former Records 100 Offered to Carmen Gantt on 101007 1800 Offered to Annie Hewlitt and Aubrie Wentworth on 19307 5000 Offered to Joe Pacheco on 3306 9000 Offered to Joe Pacheco on 3306 19000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 Biggest Offer Increase Regular 1000000 board 176000 Sheetal Shettys offer increase of 199000 to 375000 on 3406 Former Records 126000 Michael Wallaces offer increase of 126000 to 252000 on 31306 116000 Cathy Hamms offer increase of 71000 to 187000 on 17306 91000 Eric Paulsons offer increase of 35000 to 126000 on 10306 86000 Traci Wilkersons offer increase of 113000 to 199000 on 221205 80000 Amy Dittbrenners offer increase of 121000 to 201000 on 211205 78000 Jason Vittorinis offer increase of 162000 to 240000 on 201205 63000 Jason Vittorinis offer increase of 99000 to 162000 on 201205 48000 Karen Vans offer increase of 90000 to 138000 on 191205 27000 Karen Vans offer increase of 63000 to 90000 on 191205 24000 Karen Vans offer increase of 53000 to 77000 on 191205 16000 Karen Vans offer increases of 21000 to 37000 and 37000 to 53000 on 191205 Biggest Offer Increase Modified board 525000 Kimberly Chastangs offer increase of 176000 to 701000 on 19906 Former Records 250000 Matthew Sollenas offer increase of 400000 to 650000 on 18906 157000 Cindy Pridgens offer increase of 250000 to 407000 on 1306 130000 Cindy Pridgens offer increase of 120000 to 250000 on 1306 67000 Cindy Pridgens offer increase of 53000 to 120000 on 1306 64000 Mark Adrians offer increase of 76000 to 140000 on 1306 37000 Mark Adrians offer increase of 39000 to 76000 on 1306 14000 Mark Adrians offer increase of 25000 to 39000 on 28206 6000 Mark Adrians offer increase of 19000 to 25000 on 28206 Biggest Offer Decrease Regular 1000000 board 300000 Wesley Autreys offer decrease of 305000 to 5000 on 21507 Former Records 169000 Ishmael Browns offer decrease of 261000 to 92000 on 26207 155000 Anca Toderics offer decrease of 299000 to 144000 on 5506 142000 LaKissa Brights offer decrease of 357000 to 215000 on 26406 121000 Karen Vans offer decrease of 138000 to 17000 on 191205 14000 Karen Vans offer decrease of 77000 to 63000 on 191205 Biggest Offer Decrease Modified board 266000 Jay Garritys offer decrease of 573000 to 307000 on 211107 Former Records 214000 The Drew Familys offer decrease of 269000 to 55000 on 31007 162500 Emika Porters offer decrease of 170000 to 7500 on 7207 99000 Mark Adrians offer decrease of 140000 to 41000 on 1306 Highest First Offer Regular 1000000 board 94000 Offered to Edward Tommasi on 14208 Former Records 81000 Offered to Teresa Troglio on 6108 80000 Offered to Tony Kolton on 18207 39000 Offered to Charlyn Speth on 22107 31000 Offered to Eric Robinson on 8107 29000 Offered to Allyson Thadeus on 26406 26000 Offered to Brett Sloan on 20306 and Lisa Fournier on 24306 25000 Offered to Patrick Maritato on 6306 21000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 Highest First Offer Modified board 280000 Offered to Katie Henslin on 13208 Former Records 192000 Offered to Britney Lewzader on 21108 155000 Offered to John Buonviaggio on 21108 145000 Offered to Shequila Farrelly on 16108 131000 Offered to Margarita Montijo on 14108 104000 Offered to Jay Garrity on 211107 101000 Offered to Cecil Richardson on 51007 55000 Offered to the Drew Family on 28907 50000 Offered to Emika Porter on 7207 41000 Offered to Casey and Courtney Penston on 171106 39000 Offered to Michele Falco on 21906 37000 Offered to Casey Bell on 5606 32000 Offered to Joe Pacheco on 3306 26000 Offered to Becky Venable on 2306 24000 Offered to Cindy Pridgen on 1306 19000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 Lowest First Offer Regular 1000000 board 3 Offered to Thomas Fritze on 18509 Former Records 4000 Offered to Janette Beverley on 231205 and Becky Spears on 231106 7000 Offered to Jason Vittorini on 191205 21000 Offered to Karen Van on 191205 Lowest First Offer Modified board 10000 Offered to Steve Smiley on 71108 Former Records 17000 Offered to Annie Hewlitt and Aubrey Wentworth on 19307 19000 Offered to Mark Adrian on 28206 Lowest Peak Offer Regular 1000000 board 16000 Janie Colossos peak offer on 22306 Former Records 35000 Venus Bernardos peak offer on 231205 99000 Daryl Johnsons peak offer on 211205 138000 Karen Vans peak offer on 191205 Lowest Peak Offer Modified board 68000 Steve Smileys peak offer on 71108 Former Records 86000 Annie Hewlitt and Aubrey Wentworths peak offer on 19307 92000 Joe Pachecos peak offer on 3306 101000 Becky Venables peak offer on 2306 140000 Mark Adrians peak offer on 1306 Other Statistics First contestant Karen Van First case chosen 14 First case opened 23 First amount revealed 25 First case to hold 001 3 First case to hold 1000000 10 First offer 21000 First deal taken 25000 Number of contestants 273 Earliest deal taken 3rd offer 1000th offer on the 100th episode too 35000 Daytime Syndicated Biggest Winner by Deal Chelsea Drake Won 275000 on 26908 Former Records Chloe McGlover Won 105000 on 8908 Biggest Winner by No Deal Carolyn Doyle Won 100000 on 241008 Former Records David Smith Won 2500 on 9908 Lowest Winner by Deal Wise Haderi Won 11 on 26110 Former Records Theo Cooper Won 40 on 261208 Geri Mantuca Won 55 on 151008 Barry Dutter Won 250 on 16908 Maurice Jones Won 8000 on 15908 Robert Taylor Won 19000 on 12908 Jim Miracle Won 72000 on 11908 Chloe McGlover Won 105000 on 8908 Lowest Winner by No Deal Tie Cherise Matthews Won 001 on 191009 and Erica Kilcoyne Won 001 on 14110 Former Records Marcia and Melanie Won 1 on 6209 Josh and Sundral Sizemore Won 10 on 9109 Angela Whitney Won 50 oelli Won 1000 on 10908 David Smith Won 2500 on 9908 Highest Offer Made 275000 Offered to Chelsea Drake on 26908 Former Records 176000 Offered to Chelsea Drake on 26908 105000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 52000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 40000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 27500 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 21000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 Highest Potential Offer after Deal 314000 Would have been offered to Craig Mettry on 9309 Former Records 313000 Would have been offered to Pat McGee on 9209 307000 Would have been offered to Sabrina Baxter on 51108 267000 Would have been offered to Carl Thomas on 31008 240000 Would have been offered to Anika Keller on 19908 198000 Would have been offered to Jim Miracle on 11908 Lowest Offer Made 050 Offered to Michael Levine on 5210 Former Records 052 Offered to Sonia Johnson on 271109 1 Offered to Barry Dutter on 16908 and Ernest Collins on 16709 450 Offered to Stacy Fratelli on 10908 500 Offered to Stacy Fratelli on 10908 1250 Offered to Stacy Fratelli on 10907 1500 Offered to David Smith on 9908 8000 Offered to David Smith on 9908 17500 Offered to David Smith on 9908 21000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 Biggest Offer Increase 122000 Keith Krotzs offer increase of 101000 to 223000 on 18510 Former Records 121000 Reggie Millers offer increase of 81000 to 202000 on 1109 99000 Chelsea Drakes offer increase of 176000 to 275000 on 26908 88000 Chelsea Drakes offer increase of 88000 to 176000 on 26908 64000 Chloe McGlovers offer increase of 41000 to 105000 on 8908 12500 Chloe McGlovers offer increase of 27500 to 40000 on 8908 6500 Chloe McGlovers offer increase of 21000 to 27500 on 8908 Biggest Offer Decrease 97960 Kate Highlands offer decrease of 98000 to 40 on 11309 Former Records 69000 Angela Whitneys offer decrease of 87000 to 18000 on 30908 58500 David Smiths offer decrease of 60000 to 1500 on 9908 18000 David Smiths offer decrease of 26000 to 8000 on 9908 11000 Chloe McGlovers offer decrease of 52000 to 41000 on 8908 Highest First Offer 34000 Offered to Ryan Reid on 2309 Former Records 32000 Offered to Albert Rodriguez on 271108 31000 Offered to Debbie Cost on 221008 23000 Offered to Suellen Martinson on 61008 and Lisa Broderick on 141008 22000 Offered to Chelsea Drake on 26908 21000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 Lowest First Offer 050 Offered to Michael Levine on 5210 Former Records 1 Offered to Barry Dutter on 16908 and Ernest Collins on 16709 5000 Offered to Stacy Fratelli on 10908 17500 Offered to David Smith on 9908 21000 Offered to Chloe McGlover on 8908 Lowest Peak Offer 5000 Stacy Fratellis peak offer on 10908 and Violetta Wrights peak offer on 7509 Former Records 60000 David Smiths peak offer on 9908 105000 Chloe McGlovers peak offer on 8908 Other statistics First contestant Chloe McGlover First case chosen 13 First case opened 12 First amount revealed 50 First case to hold 001 2 First case to hold 500000 1 First offer 21000 First deal taken 105000 Number of contestants 300 Earliest deal taken 3rd offer CNBC Primetime Biggest Winner by Deal Coutney Heath Won 500000 on 121218 Former Records Joe Verriatto Won 285000 on 51218 Biggest Winner by No Deal Luis Green Won 5 on 31218 Former Records none Lowest Winner by Deal Artis Jackson Won 63000 on 121218 Former Records Courtney Heath Won 103000 on 51218 Joe Verriato Won 285000 on 51218 Lowest Winner by No Deal Luis Green Won 5 on 31218 Former Records none Highest Offer Made 425000 Offered to Courtney Health on 121218 Former Records 344000 Offered to Courtney Heath on 121218 333000 Offered to Luis Green on 31218 Highest Counter Offer Made 500000 Courtneys Counter Offer on 121218 Former Records 240000 Joe Verriatos Counter Offer on 51218 210000 Offered to Jade Thomass Counter Offer on 261218 Lowest Offer Made being worked on Former Records being worked on Biggest Offer Increase being worked on Former Records being worked on Biggest Offer Decrease being worked on Former Records being worked on Highest First Offer 34000 Offered to Joe Verriato on 51218 Former Records 12000 Offered to Luis Green on 31218 15000 Offered to Jade Thomas on 261218 Lowest First Offer 12000 Offered to Luis Green on 31218 Former Records 15000 Offered to Jade Thomas on 261218 Lowest Peak Offer 103000 Casey Heaths peak offer on 51218 Former Records 285000 Joe Verriatos peak offer on 51218 333000 Luis Greenss peak offer on 31218 Other statistics First contestant Joe Verriato First case chosen 15 First case opened 9 First amount revealed 1 First case to hold 001 5 First case to hold 1000000 24 First offer 34000 First counter offer 240000 First deal taken 285000 Number of contestants 7 Earliest deal taken being worked on Categories Records Date Big Winners Recent Wiki Activity List of Deal or No Deal USA records A FANDOM user December 30 2018 The Banker USA A FANDOM user December 27 2018 1000000 A FANDOM user December 16 2018 Deal or No Deal Back in Business JoeTDaFan December 5 2018 Help us grow Deal or No Deal Wiki Get Started | [
"No Deal USA records"
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http://dealsonnikes.com/Shoe_Size_Chart.html | Shoe Size Conversion - Youth to Women ' s and Youth to Men ' s Youth footwear products are based on Men ' s sizing , regardless of gender ( boys , girls , or unisex ) . A Youth 6Y is the same as a Men ' s size 6 . Men ' s and Youth sizing can be converted to Women ' s by adding 1 1 / 2 to the size . For example a Youth size 4 is equal to a Women ' s size 5 1 / 2 . Please see below for a short size conversion chart . Youth / Men ' s Women ' s 1.5 3 2 3.5 2.5 4.0 Shoe Size Conversion โ Child Approximate Sizes Please see below for a short size conversion chart . AGE Average Shoe Size 2 - 3 Months 0C โ 2C 6 Months 3C โ 4C 1 Year 5C โ 6C 18 Months 6C โ C 2 โ 2 ยฝ Years 7C โ 8C 3 โ 4 Years 9C โ 10C 5 โ 6 Years 11C โ 12C 7 โ 8 Years 12C โ 13C 9 โ 10 Years 1Y โ 2Y 11 โ 13 Years 3Y โ 7Y | [
"footwear",
"regardless"
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http://deanmartin.com/bio/ | Bio Playboy called him โ the coolest man who ever lived . โ Elvis Presley worshipped him . โ He was the coolest dude I โ d ever seen , period , โ recalled Stevie Van Zandt , adding , โ He was n โ t just great at everything he did . To me , he was perfect . โ That man is Dean Martin . Simply put , he was a great singer . The warm sensuality of his voice continues to beguile generations of music fans with a winning style and a touch of mystery . Born Dino Crocetti in Steubenville , Ohio , his early autobiography is as gritty as that of any hip - hop star . He delivered bootleg liquor , served as a speakeasy croupier and blackjack dealer , worked in a steel mill and briefly ruled the ring as boxing phenom Kid Crochet . Winning his share of bouts earned him little apart from a broken nose , but Dino โ s speakeasy experience put him in contact with club owners , resulting in his first singing gigs . With a fixed nose and a boost from his pals in the nightclub underworld , he became Dean Martin , styling himself after the top male vocalist of the time , Bing Crosby , and met Frank Sinatra in New York . Martin released his first single , โ Which Way Did My Heart Go ? โ and was first paired with comic Jerry Lewis . The two shared a bill at the 500 Club in Atlantic City , but the night they combined their acts into a combo of manic comedy and debonair music saw the birth of a phenomenon . They were the hottest ticket around and parlayed their onstage success into a string of hit movies and television appearances . During Martin and Lewis โ decade - long partnership , Dean had such hits as โ Memories Are Made of This , โ โ That โ s Amore , โ โ Powder Your Face With Sunshine , โ and โ You Belong to Me , โ among others , all for the Capitol label . Yet when their partnership dissolved , showbiz pundits predicted Lewis โ star would continue to rise and Martin โ s would fizzle . The singer confounded the skeptics . As a solo act he was wowing crowds in Vegas , impressing critics and audiences in a series of dramatic film roles , scoring on TV with Dean Martin Show specials for NBC , and hitting the charts again with โ Return to Me โ and โ Volare . โ Not soon after , Martin โ s affiliation with Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis , Jr . and the rest of the fabled Rat Pack supplanted his earlier rep . He fueled his image as a boozing playboy in onstage antics with his pals and ring - a - ding ensemble films like Ocean โ s Eleven , yet Martin later claimed his cocktail - swilling persona was largely a pose . Though he left Capitol to sign with Sinatra โ s fledgling Reprise label , Martin capped his tenure there with a bang , releasing two classic singles , โ Ai n โ t That a Kick in the Head โ and โ You โ re Nobody โ Til Somebody Loves You , โ showcasing him at the height of his powers . Even at the height of Beatlemania with the group topping the charts , Martin reasserted himself with typical aplomb knocking the Fab Four from their perch with the buttery anthem โ Everybody Loves Somebody . โ Several other hits , including โ The Door Is Still Open to My Heart , โ โ I Will , โ โ Houston โ and โ Send Me the Pillow You Dream On , โ followed during his years at Reprise . Though he continued to perform , Martin โ s visibility was greatest in films and on TV , where he nursed his lush - in - a - tux image with the long - running Dean Martin Variety Show and the hugely successful Dean Martin โ s Celebrity Roast His effortless vocalizing has become a modern shorthand for cool , as evidenced by the use of his songs in films , television , and ad campaigns . Dino : The Essential Dean Martin , a recent collection of both the Capitol and Reprise eras , sold more briskly than any previous Martin recording , going gold within months and platinum within a year . Biographer Nick Tosches ( Dino : Living High in the Dirty Business of Dreams ) described Martin as a classic menefreghista , Italian for โ one who does not give a f โ . โ The term , in Dean Martin โ s case , conveys not indifference but a refusal to be beaten down by the world and a determination to greet life with an easy smile , a graceful melody and an aura of unflappable cool . | [
"Dean Martin",
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http://deannaminich.com/how-your-senses-influence-your-eating-experience/ | How Your Senses Influence Your Eating Experience by dminich Mar 9 2017 diverse foods healthy foods Uncategorized 1 comment The five senses of hearing taste smell touch and sight play an integral role in the dining experience probably more than you realize HEARING In a recent study researchers set out to determine if there was an association between hearing and taste Participants of the study ingested chocolate twice unaware they were the same chocolate while listening to a creamy and then a rough soundtrack The researchers hypothesized that specific soundtracks would alter the perceived texture of chocolate After chocolate consumption with diversity among soundscapes participants filled out a questionnaire based on their palate perception Perhaps surprisingly results showed that individuals rated chocolate as more creamy when listening to the creamy soundtrack Another study researched differences in the sound that food makes while being consumed and how it affects taste perception The researchers set out to determine whether the sound of biting into a potato chip altered perceived freshness and crispness After eating potato chips participants were instructed to complete a questionnaire about the freshness of the chips Interestingly results showed that chips were rated as fresher with increased decibels SMELL When it comes to smell it has been predicted that humans can smell anywhere from 1000 to 4000 odors classified as floral fruity spicy resin burnt and putrid It has been proposed by that up to 95 of what we taste is truly olfactory Research suggests odors have the potential to enrich the palate of sweetness and suppress sour taste One study had participants smell various odors consisting of water chestnut lychee and nonfood odors prior to ingesting plain crackers and mineral water The questionnaire that subjects filled out afterwards revealed that foodbased odors heightened the professed sweetness of the test meal TOUCH When it comes to touch sensory cues from childhood play a key role in willingness to eat fruits and vegetables Play activities for preschool aged children that involve touching fruits and vegetables are positively correlated with tasting offered items Additionally infants are more likely to be accepting of vegetables if they are able to feel the food item prior to consumption SIGHT As for sight researchers have proposed that the popularity of sharing food images via social media increases exposure to food therefore leading to an increase calorie consumption Visual hunger is defined as neural physiological and behavioral response due to an unwarranted stimulation to food imagery Although research tends to focus on calorierich foods seeing healthy images can potentially encourage stimulus to improve nutrition if there is increased exposure to nutritious foods As technological advances become even more widespread it is important to note what role visual hunger will have in health Color and packaging are another significant part of relating sight and eating It has been found that the color red on utensils is associated with a decreased intake versus the colors blue and white In a study testing the difference in emotional response to sweeteners it was determined that when given a packet with brand name and packaging there was increased satisfaction The five senses extensively contribute to sensations of food items Whether it be hearing taste smell touch or sight there is an impact on what you are eating Next time you have a meal pay attention to your surroundings and prepare yourself for a five senses experience Previous Chrononutrition Why When You Eat Is as Important as What You Eat 6 Health Benefits of Pomegranate 1 Comment Juha Hietapakka on April 12 2017 at 740 pm Ihminen ajattelee aisteillaan jos ulkopuolinen kokemus on balanssissa omien ajatusten kanssa niin mieli ei tee poikkeamaa sellaiseen mitรค ei ajatuksissa ole silloin omien ajatusten hallinta kehon ja mielen yhteistyรถnรค on helppoa ja antoisaa koska hรคiritseviรค rajoitteita ei ole tai ne ovat niin vรคhรคisiรค ettei se vaikuta tunnetilaan mikรค on kehon ja mielen vรคlille syntynyt Itse joudun tai oikeastaan rakastan vaipua kirjoittaessani tunnetilaan sanoillani elรคmรคllรค sen samalla itse silloin huomaa hรคiriรถtilan vaikutuksen vรคlittรถmรคsti jos yhteys hetkeen katoaa mutta jos saat aistit syvรคlle tunteeseen ja mielesi seikkailemaan mukana tuntemuksien kokemuksen silloin mieli voi aistia saman melkein kuin todellisuudessa Kaikista vaikeinta on saada | [
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"TOUCH"
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http://deanres.uok.edu.in/ | Office of the Dean Research University of Kashmir KU HOME PEOPLE CONTACT US Office of the Dean Research About Us Office of the Dean Research has two units namely Research Unit and Projects Unit The Research Unit is concerned with all the activities related to admission and registration of students to research programmes offered by the University in different disciplines and departments issuance of Academic Clearance Certificates for submission of MPhil dissertation and PhD thesis and other matters related to research programmes The Projects Unit is responsible for implementation monitoring and maintenance of accounts and assets of research projects schemes programmes funded by different fun Services Downloads Forms Applications Events Future Past events People Faculty Staff Photo Gallery Conferences Workshops KU Mail Official eMail Service Academic Details Student Academic Details Announcements Announcements Implementation of EAT moduleregarding Dated 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http://dearauthor.com/ebooks/whats-the-right-price-of-a-book-for-you/ | September 1 , 2013 What โ s the right price of a book for you ? Jane Ebooks book prices 84 Comments Amazon has been emailing its digital buyers that there will be a refund forthcoming due to the agency pricing settlement . According to the email , a purchaser will get about $ 3.07 for any bestseller and $ .97 for any other book sold during the period of 2010 and 2012 - 13 , depending on the date of the publisher settlement . My first thought was what books will I buy with my refund . The second thought came about when I saw an author tweet that s / he was n โ t going to accept the offer Digital BookWorld keeps track of the average price of a bestseller and at the end of August , the average price had reached an all time low of $ 6.33 . According to a May report by Mark Coker at Smashwords , two of the most popular price points are 99c and $ 2.99 . From the years on this blog , I โ ve observed three main pricing activities . 1 ) 99c = I โ ll buy you but I โ m in no hurry to read you . There โ s no question that 99c will result in sales but how many people are reading it ? The number of average reviews for books at Amazon has increased since Amazon ends each book with a reminder to rate a book before you leave . When a book is launched , you can almost see the velocity in reading by the number of reviews the book accumulates in 24 hour period . Reviews mean books have been read , in my opinion . Authors have formed coops to bundle books together and price them at 99c . A bundle headlined by Elisabeth Naughton featured 10 books for 99c and sold so many copies it was listed as the No . 2 NYTimes bestseller on the digital list . The E . Naughton bundle in the number 2 position on the NYTimes list has 48 reviews as of the date of this post . Rachel Van Dyken โ s book , Ruin , has 418 reviews ( and was released a week earlier ) . Both books are 99c . It could be that many people are reaching the end of the Naughton bundle and thus not getting the prompt , but my guess is that a number of people are buying the bundle at 99c but not necessarily reading it . 99c books are the foundation for the tragically forgotten book pile . 2 ) $ 1.99 is a dead zone . There are very few books priced at $ 1.99 unless that is a sale price , ordinarily by mainstream publishers . I have a couple of theories on this . $ 1.99 generates the same lower royalty to authors ( 30 % versus 70 % ) but it does n โ t move as many books as 99c and therefore it is n โ t as as an attractive discount rate . Mark Coker notes that any price between .99 and $ 2.99 results in a decline of sales until you reach the $ 5.00 mark . I also think 3 ) $ 2.99 โ $ 4.99 is the โ I โ ll try you even though I โ m unsure whether I โ ll love it . โ I think this is the discovery price range . In this price range , most people wo n โ t flinch at trying a new book or a new to them author , particularly when it is recommended to them by another source , but not necessarily a trusted one . At this price , a cover or blurb can move you to buy or a marginally good review . 4 ) $ 5.00 to $ 7.99 is the โ I โ ve read you before and enjoyed what I โ ve read . โ This price range is reserved for authors you โ ve enjoyed in the past and figure you โ ll be entertained for a few hours . At this point , though , you are n โ t taking much risks . You are n โ t likely to take a chance on a new to you author unless the recommendation comes from a trusted choice . Further , it might take more than one recommendation . 5 ) $ 8.99 and up is the โ I โ ve read you before and I love you . โ At this price , you are foregoing purchasing at least one other book , if not more . John Locke once famously said that at $ 9.99 other authors have to be nine times as good as his 99c book . At $ 8.99 and above , you โ ve made the decision that this book is more valuable to you and will be more entertaining than a slew of lesser priced books . This is the price at which the dedicated fan group buys . The larger the dedicated fan group , the higher price point you can charge Does this price list coincide with your buying habits ? I โ d love to know . Share with me in the comments . Like this : Loading . . . Jane Jane Litte is the founder of Dear Author , a lawyer , and a lover of pencil skirts . She self publishes NA and contemporaries ( and publishes with Berkley and Montlake ) and spends her downtime reading romances and writing about them . Her TBR pile is much larger than the one shown in the picture and not as pretty . You can reach Jane by email at jane @ dearauthor dot com โ Jane Previous article : First Page : Danvers ( YA ) Next Post : # Giveaway : Jeffe Kennedy , Amara Royce , Holley Trent Comments library addict September 1 , 2013 @ 4 : 29 am 99c = I probably wo n โ t buy I โ ve been burned too many times with 99c books with poor formatting , editing , etc . So unless the 99 ยข is an actual ( as in temporary ) sale price , I probably wo n โ t even look at the blurb . I may make an exception if a trusted reading friend recommended something . $ 1.99 = novella This seems to be the price many publishers and self - pubbed authors like for novellas . I โ ll pay this for a novella for an author I like . And I โ m willing to try new - to - me authors at this price point , even in novella form . Much more willing than at 99 ยข . $ 2.99 to $ 4.99 = I agree with everything Jane said about this price point $ 5.00 to $ 7.99 = I agree with everything Jane said about this price point , too $ 8.99 and up = ditto to what Jane said again with the caveat that I would probably wait for a coupon now that agency pricing is gone ( though still waiting for Sony to allow more coupons as well as Penguin to be discount eligible at places other than Kobo ) . Actually anything over $ 6 I would probably try for a coupon nowadays unless it was a favorite author and I wanted to read it right away . One more thing , regardless of price , I do n โ t read books which are Kindle only . I understand why some authors choose to go that route , but even though I could convert to ePub that often seems like more trouble than it โ s worth . Windwalker September 1 , 2013 @ 4 : 49 am Actually many online authors have the first or first and second books in series at either free or in the .99 - 2.99 range . I typically look at the rating and if its a first book in a series . I have gotten several new series started this way . msaggie September 1 , 2013 @ 5 : 08 am Jane , your analysis is spot on with my buying habits . I have many โ impulse buy โ $ 0.99 - 2.99 books which I still have not read . And I have bought kindle books of authors / series I am following for $ 11.99 - 12.99 ( which are coming out first in hardcover ) and not regretted it at all ( dedicated fan indeed ) โ examples of this are Nalini Singh โ s Kiss of Snow , C.S. Harris โ Sebastian St Cyr books , and Patricia Briggs โ Mercy Thompson books . In fact Kaetrin September 1 , 2013 @ 5 : 23 am I think your analysis is pretty accurate for me Jane , with the possible exception that I think the โ forgotten book โ pile is fairly evenly spread across the price points for me . And I pretty much only try a new author with some kind of recommendation at any price . I bought the new Tammara Webber for nearly $ 9 but I waited until I had a 50 % kobo coupon today to buy Down London Road ( even though I have read and enjoyed the first book and the second had been recommended ) , so I could pick it up for under $ 5 . I think you โ re right about $ 2.99 being a magic number though . I hesitate over more expensive books but at that price point I โ m most often clicking โ buy โ . Elaine September 1 , 2013 @ 6 : 04 am I โ ve stopped buying $ .99 books unless it is a first book by a new author who has other I want to try , or it is a temporary reduction . I wo n โ t spend more than $ 3 on a novella , whether or not I like the author . Other than that , I tend to follow your observations . However , even with must buy authors , since we have a fabulous local library system , I tend to get holds on new hardcovers , and wait for either the lower Kindle price or the mmpb . I โ ve recently started using my library โ s Overdrive system for new - to - me authors . Although it is a little clunky at times , between my iPad and my Kindle ( E - ink ) I am able to read everything they have since I discovered the IOS app for Overdrive . Before I always seemed to find a book that interested me and then found it did n โ t have a Kindle format . Ana September 1 , 2013 @ 6 : 20 am 2.99 to 3.99 is my buying sweet spot . I love picking up more expensive books on sale but I rarely buy books priced higher $ 5 . The exceptions are authors I know I adore and I am waiting for another book in a series ( Nalini Singh โ s Psy - Changeling series , Julie James and Meljean Brooks ) . The rest I wait on or thank my lucky stars that their regular price points are under $ 5 . Carolyne September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 08 am The number of average reviews for books at Amazon has increased since Amazon ends each book with a reminder to rate a book before you leave . Since you mention it โฆ I have to tell yet more people how hard I hate that โ feature . โ It almost always butts in just at the moment I know the book is over , ruining what should be the satisfying pause after a story . I cringe near the end of every Amazon - purchased eBook , wondering if I โ m at the end , or whether there โ s an epilogue , or whether my screen โ s going to be hijacked . Often it wipes away the โ About the Author โ with its I โ m more cautious now and can usually avoid accidentally swiping to the โ Amazon will now take over this book โ screen . But it caught me the other day while I was trying to read a rather witty author bio , and I โ m all fired up again . I think stories should have swirly - font โ The End โ s at the end so we can tell when digital books are done : ) For pricing โฆ 99c and $ 1.99 are my impulse - buy zones , for novels or novellas ( smaller time investment , easier to read on impulse ) . I โ ll give an unknown a try at this price , or someone who looks good based on blurb alone . I have a long commute , so I have a chance to read my impulse buys . If I finish it ( and I โ m not turned off by Amazon jumping in my face : ) ) I usually write a review , for good or bad . 99c bundles โ I avoid the cheap bundles . They turn me off for reasons I may not be able to quantify . They look โฆ cheap ? Desperate ? I know I โ ll never read everything in the bundle ? $ 2.99 โ Nope . Not for impulse buying , that is . This is โ if I do n โ t know for sure whether I โ ll like this , I โ m not paying that . โ It โ s a little bit too high for the risk . I always pass by the $ 2.99 deals mentioned here , though on reflection , it โ s a price I โ m very comfortable with when buying a โ trusted โ publisher โ s website . Also , I wo n โ t spend $ 2.99 to Above โ For an author I like , I do n โ t think I have a maximum . But anything approaching the cost of a hardcover , and I โ ll buy a print copy instead . Ditto for books I โ d like to share โ whatever the price . For nonfiction reference I need right away , I โ ll also pay whatever the cost , but that โ s a different sort of thing . $ 8.99 and up โ See above . But ! For an author I love so much I could n โ t wait for the print book to arrive , I grabbed a โ high โ priced digital copy to read and have RIGHT NOW . For my top authors , I โ ll spend . For this author I used to pay $ 45 + to get a signed copy shipped in before the local edition was available , so getting an extra digital copy is still a bargain from my perspective . But there are n โ t Rosie September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 34 am I find that the $ 1.99 price point is the one I โ m most likely to one - click . Maybe that โ s because it โ s the one the short - term discounts are priced at . If I know that book wo n โ t be on sale tomorrow or next week , I โ m more likely to buy now while the gettin โ s good . Sort of related ( as it pertains to ebooks ) , I noticed that Random House and Penguin books are not for sale in the Kindle store this morning . Do n โ t know if it โ s just a temporary glitch or if something โ s going on there . Michelle September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 40 am One thing about the $ .99 books . For a favorite book that I already have as a paperback / hardback , if the ebook is priced at $ .99 I will pick up another copy for convenience . Priced higher than 1.99 and I will pass ( for duplicates ) . Liz H . September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 56 am The only thing that I would add is that format and DRM factor heavily into my price categories . Although the above is accurate for non - DRM , for DRM I would probably shift each category down . In addition , for the $ 8.99 + category I will usually buy the physical copy and wait for the digital to go on sale at a much lower price point . Avierra September 1 , 2013 @ 8 : 00 am 1 ) 99 - $ 1.99 is where I will try authors I have never read before . I do n โ t have many expectations at this price point . I do read these books . 2 ) $ 2.99 โ $ 4.99 is โ I have read you before and loved it . โ This is my sweet spot for buying books . The higher the price - point , the more I consider whether or not I really need or want the book . If an author has a new book out that is not part of a series , or is the beginning of one , I will buy it in this price range . 3 ) $ 5.00 to $ 7.99 is โ I am waffling hard on buying this , and if I am disappointed by the book , I will not buy any others . โ This is where I will pay more for part of a series I have enjoyed . If I do not like the latest book , I will not continue to shell out in this price point . 4 ) $ 8.99 and up is โ I do n โ t care who you are or what you have written , I will never , ever pay this price for a non - textbook ebook . โ Kristine September 1 , 2013 @ 8 : 19 am Agree with everything you said about $ 2.99 and up . If it โ s not free , though , I download a sample onto my Kindle before I buy ; I do n โ t buy new authors sight unseen anymore . If the sample is clean , and interesting , and at the end I am desperate to know more , I will easily drop up to $ 3 without thinking โฆ more than that , and it goes on my wishlist . Samples and freebies are my slush pile ; I download them without thinking much about Kristen A . September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 00 am I only buy books from authors that I already know and am inclined to expect to love , period . Trying new things is what libraries are for . If I โ m going to make an exception , it will be less based on the price of the book and more about a review from a trusted source ( like this site ) that convinces me it โ s absolutely perfect for me combined with a complete lack of library availability . In that case , anything from mass market paperback price downward is acceptable . Sandra September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 06 am I โ ve got fewer price points . Basically if it โ s $ 1.99 or less and sounds interesting , I โ ll probably add it to the TFB pile . If it โ s by someone I โ ve read before and like , I โ ll pay up to MMPB price , and usually read right away . I will pre - order books in this category , especially for my auto - buy authors . If it โ s more than $ 7.99 , I wo n โ t buy , I do n โ t For the past couple of years I โ ve been exclusively e - book ( ePub only ) for fiction . I โ m spending a lot more now than when I was buying paper , mostly due to the wider selection and ease of purchase . These are all new buys . I do n โ t usually replace / supplement paper books unless it โ s a really good deal , or something I really , really like and re - read often . I take a lot of chances at the low end , but find myself thinking a lot more about purchases at the upper end , when they would have been no - brainers in paper three years ago . $ .99 is less than I pay for coffee in the morning , but $ 7.99 is lunch . So my purchasing has skewed away from the big NY houses to smaller e - pub houses . Self - pubs , I do my due diligence . It may be the greatest book in the world , but if it โ Lisa J September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 15 am Avierra : I have to agree with Avierra on this one . My book buying habits definitely fall under this buying principal , with the exception of Nalini Singh โ s Psy / Changelings and then I pay whatever I have to to get the book . Nicci August September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 35 am I agree with Avierra , but unlike Lisa J , I have no authors that I enjoy so much that I โ ll pay more than $ 8.99 for an ebook . If there โ s a book which strongly tempts me to pay more , I make a note and wait for the price to come down ( usually after the author releases their next book ) , and I purchase it then . Karin Anderson September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 44 am I tend to agree with one small additional note โ I do n โ t really read ebooks unless I receive them from an author / publisher with the specific intent of writing a review . I read in print or listen to the Audiobooks . Now that Audible and Amazon have the Whispersync for Voice program , I buy the ebook so that I can get the Audiobook for a bit cheaper . $ 8.99 instead of $ 29.99 is a fantastic deal . Sandy James September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 00 am Some good advice , Jane . I went with 99 cents for my Turning Thirty - Twelve because I hoped it would attract attention . It was originally released by a small publisher better known for erotic / menage . While it did โ okay โ โ winning some important contests , etc โฆ โ it never sold as well as I would have liked . Now that I have the rights back , I consider any sale a bonus . I โ d hoped 99 cents might encourage a few people to take a chance and hopefully find a new author . On the other hand , at that price I risk people like โ library addict โ thinking it must be crap since it โ s priced so low . My book is n โ t , but I imagine a lot of authors who price their story at that โ magic โ price think the same thing . I know of more than one author who crank out novellas and price them for 99 cents who really care little for the quality of their products . I think buyers are getting savvy where discounted books are concerned . I also think publishers are noticing everything you said about pricing . My Feb . Grand Central release is up at only $ 2.99 . I did n โ t realize the bigger publishers priced their ebooks that low . Perhaps they โ re finally catching on โฆ Thanks for the information , Jane ! I โ ll try to put it to good use ! ! Lori Toland September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 06 am My book buying habits : Free โ does n โ t matter who it is , I โ ll pick it up and if I โ ve heard of you , I โ ll read it right away . I always read short stories in this category . 99c โ If I like the blurb and it sounds like a trope I โ ll like , then I โ ll pick it up . And I almost always read it right away , unless I lose it on my Kindle . When I find it , it โ s like Christmas . $ 1.99 โ if it โ s by an author I like , I buy it . $ 2.99 - $ 7.99 โ You have to be an author I know and like . I โ ll take a chance on new authors too but I โ ll read the blurb first . Above this price point , no . My husband does , but I do n โ t . As an author with a recently released 99c book , I priced this book based on my own book buying habits . I also priced my book at 99c for a couple reasons . 1 . It โ s a re - release . It was my first book that I ever wrote . I โ ve since edited and revised it since I received my rights back for the series but I want to give my fans a chance to get the book at a very low price . 2 . It โ s the first book in the series . I โ ll raise the price in October to $ 2.99 and I suspect fans of my other books will buy it . I may lower the price in the future when the other books come out . Diane P September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 19 am I have gotten so used to buying at the $ 2.99 and below price that I get sticker shock for some of the higher priced books . I have had pretty good success at finding new authors or the first in the series at that price . ( I use Book Gorilla for deals . ) I have bought quite a few bundles & like them . 98 % of my reading is e - reading , so I do get seriously ticked when I see digital priced higher that books . Look at the Berkeley mysteries . I have Diane P September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 20 am Sandy James : At $ .99 I will try your book . Monique D September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 23 am Yep , spot on for me as well ; good analysis . Brianne September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 25 am I tend to pick up anything that sounds good and is free . My opinion is that I can always not finish it if I do n โ t like and I have not lost anything . While I agree with Jane on most of the opinions for the price points , I do n โ t tend to follow them because I am on a strict budget . I get a lot of the major publishers and popular titles from the library . I am lucky to have a very strong public library in my town and many of I only am willing to pay full price for authors I love and will read their work over and over , whether in print or in e - book September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 39 am That would be awesome ! Glad to know that price will work to bring a few new readers my way . I suppose I โ m cocky enough to hope that once you read one , you โ ll want to read more ! ! Jane โฆ you did n โ t mention bundles . What do you think about pricing for bundles ? ? ? September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 41 am : I do n โ t really buy bundles unless they are 99c and then I โ ve never read one . But I think I โ ve bought like 10 of them . September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 43 am Interesting . I โ ve seen some big price swings on bundles โ anything from 99 cents to ten bucks . I have n โ t bought any yet , but I wanted your opinion . They just seem to be getting more and more common . It โ s nice to know that I โ m not the only one who goes a little crazy with her Kindle and buys stuff she might never have time to read . : D Lynn M September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 45 am This is such an interesting topic โ I โ m enjoying the comments . My strategy is as follows : 99c โ these are my freebies , in that as long as I like the blurb and / or it gets a handful of good reviews , I โ ll buy these without thinking too hard . They may get dumped on the TFB pile , but at least if / when I do read them and find them bad and they become DNFs , I have zero guilt . $ 1.99 - $ 2.99 โ will also entice me to try new - to - me authors , and I usually feel like I โ m getting a bargain . I love when first books in a series go on sale for this price because I finally feel compelled to see if it โ s a series I โ ll love . $ 3.99 โ at the edge of what I โ ll pay for a new - to - me author . Book would have to be getting rave reviews . But for authors that I know and love , this is a shoo - in price . Less than a mass market paperback or even a grande latte at Starbucks , I can justify it in my head . $ 5.99 - $ 7.99 โ I โ ll start considering buying the paper copy , especially if I can find it used for $ .99 plus shipping , which is still less than $ 6 . $ 8.99 plus โ would have to be a title I โ m just dying to read and ca n โ t wait for , otherwise I โ d go with a paper copy . The only exception is when a book comes out in hardcover โ I โ d rather pay this price for an e - version so I do n โ t have the bulk . Again , though , only for favorites . I avoid bundles regardless of the price . I know I โ ll never get around to reading all of the books and they just add to my guilt factor over the status of my TFB pile . Unless it โ s an entire series or a writer that I love โ s backlist that I โ d like to have available for rereads , even the 99c wo n โ t sell me . Eileen Dandashi September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 46 am I am of the same opinion as Brianne , above . I am on a strict budget . I โ d love to be able to buy a book whenever the urge nudges me and it does all the time . But since I ca n โ t , I try to get as much for my money as I can . The .99 books are the ones I usually buy if it looks good , but I do n โ t know the author . I โ ll pay more if I know the author and have enjoyed her September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 47 am Lynn M I got burned on an expensive hardcover too many times ! ( Can we say Shadow Music ? ? ? ) I am seriously stingy with buying anything but ebooks now . Even then , I doubt I โ ve spent more than seven bucks for any book in just about forever . Ruth ( CO ) September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 54 am If the paperback is less than the Kindle edition , I will not buy it . I will wait until the Kindle drops below the paperback price . ( I use ereaderiq to track these for me and receive notifications when price drops . ) If less that $ 2.99 and it is recommended but I have not read the author before , I will buy it . I have been burned on these but I still will keep trying . I think of it has my encouragement to authors to keep writing at this price as I admire anyone with the fortitude to write stories . I will spend between $ 5 and $ 7 for authors I like with the rule # 1 caveat . If I am traveling for work with many trips planned or going on an extended vacation , I will overspend for my โ love โ authors . For my love authors , I usually buy in hardback also but the number of hardback purchases are now dwindling as I move some love authors to like authors ( i.e. Garwood ) . Weems September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 56 am Though it โ s been a slow summer for me in terms of reading , I generally want my books cheap , as they are my tools and I can get through a lot of them . Also , I โ m more willing to risk a new title or author if the book is less than an investment โ if I feel the need to abandon , I โ ll feel less guilt if the book did n โ t cost me too much in the first place . I feel much the same way about music , that cleo September 1 , 2013 @ 11 : 22 am I have about the same approach as Jane , except I โ m not left brained enough to remember what I spend on books . I tend to wait for a sale or use a coupon / frequent buyer reward for anything over 7.99 , except for a few must have right now , auto buys , like Nalini Singh . My TBR pile is full of freebies and .99 books , plus 1.99 or 2.99 sale books . Since the book hoarding post , I โ ve started passing up bargains that I do n โ t think I โ ll really read and saving my money for books I really want . I โ m currently and unexpectedly on a much tighter budget that I โ ve been on for years , so none of the above applies right now , since I โ ve mostly stopped buying books . Thank goodness for libraries ( though I wish mine had more mm romance ) . My biggest problem is getting used to waiting for books โ I โ ve been spoiled by the immediate gratification of my Nook . I โ m willing to spend my limited spending money on a book by a trusted author I ca n โ t get Amanda September 1 , 2013 @ 11 : 26 am With 99 cents it depends . What you said is mainly true for me too , I did pick up Hopeless for this price recently but I am in no hurry to read it . At the same time I have also picked up a Garwood for this price and devoured it immediately after purchase . Lisa J September 1 , 2013 @ 11 : 30 am Another reason I โ ll wait for a book out in trade or hardcover , when it comes out in mass market it will sometimes have extra content . I was burned in the beginning buying a book at the higher price with great reviews by an author I really loved and then when the cheaper version came out it had an extra novella in it , which the publisher was more than generous enough to offer to sell to me . Just another reason I do n โ t spend the money anymore . I guess publishers have trained I do love bundles . I have found some great new to me authors in $ .99 bundles . Even if I do n โ t read all the books in the bundle I do n โ t feel bad for spending the money . Denise September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 05 pm I hardly ever spend more than 4.00 on an ebook . I would rather spend more money on a book . Do n โ t get me wrong I love my kindle it โ s just when it comes to spending money I would rather have the book instead and get either free to 4.00 books on the kindle . carmen webster buxton September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 06 pm Thanks so much for posting this just as I am getting ready to put out my first ( science fiction ) romance ! As a reader , I pretty much follow the same guidelines myself , except that even for free and 99 ยข books , I tend to use the โ Look inside โ feature ( I โ m a Kindle user all the way ) to see if I like the author โ s style . I figure the first few pages get the most polishing , and if they do n โ t work for me , hapax September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 13 pm I wo n โ t pick up anything anymore โ even free books โ if it does n โ t sound like something I really want to read . At this point in my life , time is WAY more valuable than money ; and that includes the time it takes to scan my reader and wonder โ why did I download that one , anyhow ? โ Also , once the price hits 5.99 , I โ m much more likely to go for the physical copy , even if it means paying for POD . I vastly prefer hard copy for the way I read books ( skipping around , reading the end of the story first , etc . ) Of course , I โ m a librarian , and I know my way around the interlibrary loan system , so if it โ s not something I want to own , I can always get things for free . Brian September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 17 pm For me what I โ m willing to pay depends a lot . First it really needs to be separated into three categories . Self - pubbed , digital first / small pub and NY type / big pub . For self pub if you โ re free and sound interesting I might pick you up , but it might be a long time to never before I get around to actually reading it . The only time I buy self pubbed is for authors I know or come highly recommended by someone I know likes similar stuff . When buying the most I usually go is $ 3.99 and often $ 2.99 , unless you โ re Courtney Milan or one of the few others I know put out a quality , edited and well formatted , product . For small pubs ( Samhain , etc ) I โ m generally willing to pay more and for a couple of authors I know I like I โ d pay even more than they charge . On the other hand some digital first small pubs are starting to charge prices on a level with the big pubs and it โ s made me not buy some things I probably would have if it had been more in line with other digital firsts . Again if it โ s an author I already know and love price is n โ t For big or NY style traditional pubs my usual price goes up a bit , but not much . $ 7.99 is often my max and that โ s only if I liked something previously from that author or you really hook me with the blurb , cover , etc . A lot of what I buy in this category is when it โ s on sale for $ .99 - $ 3.99 , but those prices have led me to go on and buy higher priced stuff if I liked the author . Again there are those authors I tl / dr ; I guess all that boils down to it depends on a lot of things . Will Entrekin September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 18 pm Free โ I โ ll download but it may take a while to get to . $ .99 to $ 1.99 โ I โ ll read the sample . If I make it to the end , I โ ll pick it up . $ 2.99 to $ 4.99 โ I โ m comfortable paying this for books I expect to enjoy . Up to $ 6.99 โ You โ d better be Neil Gaiman , and even then I โ ll likely wait until I see it on sale for less than $ 2.99 . See all those free and $ 2 ebooks I mentioned ? I โ ve got lots of those and sales I notice through Kindle Daily Deals and Pixel of Ink and Bookbub , so that โ s what books here compete with , and rarely well . Dying to read at more than $ 4.99 โ I โ m sure I can probably find this somewhere . Sorry . Talk to your publisher about its prices . I know , I know โ you probably have no pull with your publisher regarding its prices . That โ s really a shame . Lindsay September 1 , 2013 @ 12 : 46 pm One author I enjoy keeps putting out new ebooks at $ 12.99 and they do n โ t go any cheaper for over a year ( and are published by a company that wo n โ t accept Kobo coupons ) . As a result I โ ve actually started reading that author โ s books over a year delayed , just like I used to do with hardcover vs paperback . I โ d be sad except I have SO MANY other books , that at that price I โ d be able to buy 5 - 6 more The same goes for a lot of the business and sociology books I enjoy โ they โ re prohibitively priced , some over $ 20 , even when the physical book hits the bargain bins in bookstores . I generally pick them up during Amazon โ s monthly Kindle deal if at all , or wait for a really good Kobo coupon . I โ ll also buy the physical book but I tend to give them away as shelf space is really limited . EreaderIQ is one of the best things ever for books I do n โ t need to read right away , and I feel a little bad that there are very few authors who are day - one buys for me in the $ 7.99 + price range ( and all of them have been introduced by Dear Author or the comments , heh ) . It โ s not that I do n โ t love you , authors ! I can just โฆ generally read the hundreds of other books I have while I wait for the price Sherri September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 00 pm $ 5 is my limit , even for authors I go fangrrl over . I find it hard to justify spending more on an ebook than I would to purchase a print copy โ especially since I can then take that print copy and use it towards the purchase of another book . Do n โ t get me wrong , I love my ereader and ebooks . Nothing beats being able to carry hundreds of books in my pocket and not worrying about being without reading material when you โ re thisclose to finishing a book ( the non - allergic thing is bonus โ used books & new print make me sneeze ) . I just prefer to spend less so I can read more . Luce September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 20 pm $ 0.99 โ I tend to instinctively avoid books at this price after repeated experiences with DNF books due to poorly written premises and typos galore . $ 1.99 โ 2.99 โ This is my comfort zone . The more interesting the book seems to me , the higher the chances that I โ ll end up buying it . For the record , this is price range does n โ t include novellas . I never got into the habit of buying books that were less than 50k words . The exception is if the author is in my very , very short auto - buy list . $ 3.99 โ 7.99 โ I do n โ t mind buying book at these prices . A couple of times throughout the year I do go on a ebook - buying binge during which I will spend up to $ 8 per book ( which is my hard limit . ) In all truth , though , these occasions are rare as I have a LOT of material to read in my nook . I might spend up to $ 10 but only IF it โ s by one of my auto - buys . Most of the time , I tend to either wait til the prices drop ( as they eventually will ) OR try to purchase the book through points from ARE โ s loyalty program . I โ ve seen ebooks going for $ 16 ( ! ) but there โ s nothing that would get me to hand over that much cash for a digital book . Sarah M . September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 24 pm I think your assessment is fairly accurate . I โ m definitely willing to pay hard copy price for an ebook by an author that I know and love . The product is the same โ the distribution is the only difference . I have no problem with paying for the convenience of reading immediately . I find most of the ebooks I purchase are priced between $ 5.99 - 9.99 . One issue that I โ ve found with the $ 2.99 and under books is quality . There are several independent authors that I love ( keep in mind that their prices are generally $ 5 - 8 / book ) . However , the overall volume of self - published books is astounding . If I am not familiar with the author , I will likely not purchase the book . I have had bad experiences with poorly / unedited books โ most all of them priced $ 2.99 and under . Nancy B September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 26 pm I have a very strict budget on books per month and a bad habit of buying books I do n โ t have time to read . I finally figured out a good rule that I can only buy books on my TBR pile . Now , I have a massive TBR pile , but this way I know I did n โ t convince myself that I want to read the book because of the sale . This still does n โ t help that I do n โ t have time to read all of my books in $ 0.99 โ $ 1.99 : Sales only ( I do n โ t trust books naturally at this price point unless it โ s a debut author I โ ve had recommended to me ) , novellas by authors I โ ve tried before ( I do n โ t usually like novellas so I wo n โ t pay more than $ 1.99 for something I โ ll probably feel โ meh โ about after finishing ) , books in my TBR pile , and favorite books I have in paperback that I want in digital . $ 2.99 : Books by authors I โ ve enjoyed before , a book of a new - to - me author recommended to me by a trusted source that I want to read RIGHT NOW , or a book in my TBR pile that the library does n โ t have . $ 3.99 + : New books by my favorite authors , or books I โ ll get from the library and , if I like them after reading , will either buy in paper or digital , or books I need for a book club . My price points are probably lower than most other readers and definitely lower than publishers and authors want to hear , but I โ m a young professional with loans so I do n โ t have much expendable income . All of my expendable income goes to books as is . One day , I hope to be willing to spend more on books but , for now , my kindle is loaded with books I want / need to read that I got on sale and , if I ever run out ( hah ! ) , I Marc September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 39 pm I am with Liz H . If it is a DRM I will not pay over the 2.99 threshold and I do n โ t buy โ Amazon only โ ebooks either as I do n โ t want the hassle of converting them . If I am going to pay over 5.00 for a book I want to be able to do whatever I choose with it the same as I would a paperback . I have a hard time justifying a hardcover purchase and unless I love you I will wait for the MM or the ebook to Julia September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 53 pm For me this depends on a lot of things . If it โ s a book with a MMPB edition , I assume I โ m going to be able to find it in a used bookstore for around $ 4 at some point , so I wo n โ t buy the ebook unless it is less than that . I read a lot of books ( m / m ) that are n โ t available in PB or if they are , are at trade PB prices , so I do n โ t mind spending more on those , up to $ 7.99 if I know the author or have read positive reviews and the blurb appeals to me . I always read samples of EVERYTHING before purchase . For books priced at $ 0.99 , it depends how I came across the book . If it was recommended to me or I read reviews and the blurb sounds interesting , and only after that do I discover it is only $ 0.99 , I snap those up and read them right away . I have come across MANY absolutely wonderful books at $ 0.99 and it makes me sad to think that some people would shy away from them on the assumption that because they are cheap the quality must be bad . Not so in these cases Now on the other hand , if the first time I hear about the book it is because it is on sale for $ 0.99 , then I โ ll go read the blurb and reviews and I might buy it , but these are the ones that sit on my TBR forever . For things over $ 7.99 , I think I โ ve only bought one of these ever because it was the last in the series . I have a few things I want to read at this price point , but I โ m holding off at the moment . My pet peeve is short stories or novellas priced around $ 2.99 - $ 3.99 . No way am I paying $ 3 for 30 pages . If each 30 pages was worth $ 3 then a 300 page book would be $ 30 and that is nonsense . P . Kirby September 1 , 2013 @ 1 : 57 pm My price breakdown is much simpler because , with the exception of graphic novels , I only buy ebooks , and my price point for digital titles is $ 2.99 and less . ( Exception being โ keepers โ which I will purchase at higher prices in print . ) Which means I happily read loads of โ cheap โ books , many from major publishers , in part thanks to your Daily Deal postings . I recently dropped some serious cash for the latest in the Bill Willingham โ s Fable series and the remainder on the Journey Into Mystery ( kid Loki story line ) . But that โ s because I adore the Fables books and my local library has a poor selection of graphic novels . Deljah September 1 , 2013 @ 2 : 23 pm I download lots of free books if the blurb and sample seem interesting to me and if the reviews do n โ t turn me off . At 99 cents , I โ ll try something interesting , but I do n โ t one - click these all willy nilly . Anything above 99 cents gets more scrutiny , not b / c of cost so much , but b / c I already have so much other stuff I could read rather than buying something new . Length matters too , b / c I wo n โ t pay a whole lot for a short story . That said , a good kobo coupon is very compelling and always helps me to wittle down my wish list ! If I see an odd price on amazon for a book I want , I check for coupons and pricing at kobo and am more likely to buy it there . Susan September 1 , 2013 @ 2 : 58 pm My optimal range is around 4.99 / 5.99 , but I will buy books above and below depending on the circumstances . But I โ m getting more picky and cautious , both in terms of my time and money , across all those price points . I wo n โ t buy ebooks that are more expensive than the PB version , except in a few instances where I โ m finishing up a series I โ d already committed to . But it โ s not a given that I โ ll finish a series these days , something that really bothers my OCD self but I โ m learning to hold my ground . I โ ve also been burnt often enough by sale prices that I โ ve drastically cut back on pre - orders . I try to wait โ til I โ m ready to start a book to buy it โ but then often do n โ t get around to it at all . So many other books in the TBR pile call my name . A lot of my former favorite authors have just fallen off my list due to this . Raven Ames September 1 , 2013 @ 3 : 16 pm I got my kindle as a xmas gift at the end of last year , so I think the newness of it still makes me do a happy dance when I see books for free . I have lots of free downloads and I โ ve read roughly 50 % of them . This is actually how I came across Joey Hill , so her one free book has led me to buy every single book in that series and counting . .99 cents โ if it โ s a book I think I will read or it โ s a publisher discount , I โ m in . 1.99 โ I just do n โ t see a lot of these . 2.99 - 4.99 โ a ) I โ ve read the author before or b ) referred by a trusted source Anything priced above I wait for the publisher discount which I know is coming as soon as the book after is published . I have no problem waiting . I also have two great libraries and between the two of them , I get almost every new title I โ m looking for . The only exception I make to this is for an audiobook I have already listened to and loved is available for a discount if I buy the book , also at a discounted price . I just bought a Nora Roberts and the book and audiobook together was about $ 12 โ I ca n โ t get an audiobook any cheaper than that ! Slightly off - topic , the bundle thing is weird โ if the stories are all by the same author , I tend to read them . But when it โ s a group of authors , they languish in the TBR pile . I think it โ s because I do n โ t get the same satisfaction from finishing a book when the โ book โ itself still has nine more books to read within . And I โ m totally with @ Caroline on the Amazon review page bouncing up at the end like an annoying commercial โ it โ s the reason I never leave a review ! Michelle - Snarky Mom September 1 , 2013 @ 3 : 42 pm This is one of my โ hot spots โ as a book buyer โฆ and book reviewer . Quite frankly , I think any digital book OVER the price of $ 5 is RIDICULOUS . Do I pay $ 7.99 for a digital book ? N.O. Why not ? Because I can purchase a paperback copy of the same book for LESS than that ; I can sell that paper book BACK somewhere or loan it to MULTIPLE friends ; and let โ s be honest โ the profit margin on a digital book is extraordinarily different than on a Renee September 1 , 2013 @ 4 : 25 pm First off , I have worked in libraries for close to forty years and have had to deal with the stingiest of budgets ( both at work and in my personal life ) so telling me I am devaluing an author โ s book if I get it for free or .99 cents is the fastest way to get on my โ do n โ t think I โ ll ever bother with this author when there are sooooo many others out there โ list . I do not spend money on novellas or short stories and resent going much On the other hand , sometimes even if it is a series I have wanted to read for decades but is over 4.00 I โ ll stick with ordering a used copy or interlibrary loan . michael September 1 , 2013 @ 4 : 38 pm Beautifully summarized . You โ ve nailed my buying habits on the head . Cynthia Blaiin September 1 , 2013 @ 4 : 54 pm As a reader of printed books all my life , and not having any kind of an e - reader or phone to read books on , I downloaded the Kindle app . and now can download some of the books that I would like to try with a new author . I especially like the authors who have a free book or a .99 book as it gives you the chance to check out their writing and if you do n โ t enjoy it as much as another author that you have read before , you do n Selene Grace Silver September 1 , 2013 @ 5 : 23 pm Agree with much of what has already been stated . One caveat for the 99 cent - $ 1.99 category concerns shorter works . I โ ve bought and read novellas that are a 1 / 3 the length of a typical novel , but are still well - written . If the book info states the title is 50 - 80 pages , I will buy and read at 99 cents . I tend to feel ripped off if I have to pay more than $ 2 for a short story or novella - length work . Repeating what Connie September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 05 pm Pure unadulterated hogwash . ( I know = almost a double negative ) Do n โ t know where you came up with those definitions of price , but sounds like you are defending a bloated industry that refuses to change with the times . There are other measures for finding a good book . Price is n โ t one of them . Cassandra B . September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 09 pm Without actually counting , I would say there are about 12 authors and / or series I just buy , no matter the price . But authors at this level must maintain or I drop them . This happened with Christine Feehan , after paying 12.99 for the wreck of Dark Predator I do n โ t buy her at all anymore ( the library is my friend , if I read her at all ) and after being a dedicated fan of the Breeds series for years , Lora Leigh finally managed to push me to the edge and At this point , when it is not an automatic buy for me , I am adding the book my wishlist and waiting for a coupon code . I find coupon codes can be dangerous because I pad my TBR pile ( but seems such a shame to waste 20 % off ) . When it is a limited time deal and no coupon code , I try to ask myself โ I am really going to read this ? โ . While I am not happy to pay 12.99 for an ebook , I do it for the authors I love . After buying a few too many books I still have n โ t read , I focus first on whether this book has an element I really want to read . Then , I take price into consideration . Anything under $ 5 that I find really interesting and takes a coupon code will eventually get brought . Over $ 5 takes something extra special and perhaps a trial at the library first . I have a couple authors Leanne September 1 , 2013 @ 7 : 55 pm I guess I โ m the exception . I only buy full - priced books , but only the ones with multiple reviews ( in multiple places ) I think I โ ll enjoy . I do n โ t need to know the author . In fact , I would shy away from buying a 99 cent book unless it had a lot of great reviews . I would forget about it . I buy a lot more books with an e - reader . I live in an apartment in NYC and do n โ t have room for physical books . Honestly , cost is that not that important to me . I โ m not going to not buy a great book because it โ s $ 10 + . If I want to be stingy , I โ m not going to be stingy about books . Samantha September 1 , 2013 @ 9 : 53 pm I think I am just cheap . Unless I can get an ebook for under $ 3.99 I do n โ t get it . If I have to spend more than that for a book , I get the paper version . Then I can pass it on to a friend or put it up on paper back swap . Kaetrin September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 08 pm I โ m so jealous of all you US - based people who can buy an MMP for $ 5 or $ 6 . I . Wish . Here in Australia MMPs are regularly $ 22 so paying $ 6 or $ 7 for the digital version does feel like a bit of a bargain sometimes . Buying digitally has trained me to want to get my books for $ 5 or less but if I looked only at the Australian market , I would have been trained to pay much much more . Sherry September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 16 pm I do n โ t mind paying $ 5.99 for a book that has at least 250 pages , what gets me are the ones that are charging $ 2.99 and up for less than 40 pages . That is a rip off especially if you are only told the KB and not the number of pages or words because it is hard to figure pages with just the KB . I have paid more for authors I know I like , but since money is tight I am drawing the line at books for $ 5.99 or more with MissE September 1 , 2013 @ 10 : 23 pm I would never pay more than $ 3.99 for an e - book , and at that price I โ d better be a massive fan of the author . $ 1.99 is pretty much my limit for trying a new author and I โ d have to be very intrigued to pay that rate . When I bought my Nook a few months ago , the lady who gave me my package at the post office told me to watch out since B&N had removed all of her purchased e - books from her Nook when the credit card cleo September 2 , 2013 @ 8 : 32 am @ MissE โ backing up your files should protect you from that ( although I agree that digital files are more ephemeral than print books ) . I have the Nook app on my desktop computer and every once in awhile I open it and download my new purchases so I have all my epub files saved on my harddrive , where I can copy them . I copy them into Dropbox so they โ re in the cloud too . There may be an easier way to backup , but this works for me . Angela James September 2 , 2013 @ 9 : 33 am : โ I do n โ t really buy bundles unless they are 99c and then I โ ve never read one . But I think I โ ve bought like 10 of them โ This comment , as well as your post itself , brings up what โ s always been the next question in the discussion for me ( because I think a LOT about pricing , for obvious reasons ) : what โ s better for an author in these situations : having 10,000 people buy their bundle of 10 for 99cents and only a few read it , or having 1000 buy for $ 9.99 and the majority read it ? Which is not to say that people who buy 99cent bundles , or who are hoarding free & super cheap books , are n โ t always reading them , but it does seem like it โ s easier to hoard at the cheap price , making it hard for an author to stand out not just in a crowded marketplace , but in a crowded TBR pile even after purchase . And if the reader has n โ t read the first , are they less likely to collect the second , even at a cheap price ? ( It โ s hard to tell from the comments whether readers are more likely to read a book they paid more $ $ for ( even just $ 4 ) than one they got for really cheap or free ? Someone in the comments said something about not liking it when authors say that 99 cents is undervaluing their work , but is there some truth to that , psychologically ? It feels a little like when , as a parent , I think my daughter will value the thing she had to work for more than the things she was given . I do n โ t even know if that โ s true , but it โ s one of those โ raising a child โ things that โ s hard not to believe , and in some ways , I wonder if book pricing has any sort of similar psychological effect . What do you think ? library addict September 2 , 2013 @ 10 : 10 am Angela James : I think there โ s some truth to that . I know I โ ve read some mediocre novels and think โ Well , at least I only paid x for it . โ But in the past 5 - 6 years I โ ve gotten better about DNFing books that just do n โ t hold my interest . Because I โ ve come to realize my reading time is worth more to me than the actual cost of a book . I โ ve been known to buy multiple books in a series before reading the first book . But for the most part , if I have n โ t read an author yet I am leery of buying more than one book . So being read I think is more important for the author . I also think there is a difference between buying a book that is normally priced at 99c and buying a book that is normally priced higher but you get on sale for 99c . I โ m not sure why , but I know I do think differently about them . And I mean full length books . Novellas for 99c seem like a good deal to good me even if that is their normal price . September 2 , 2013 @ 10 : 20 am @ Angela โ interesting . For me , I do n โ t think the price determines whether or not I read or value a book , but I am much , much more likely to buy a book that I do n โ t intend to read right away if it is very cheap or on sale . And if I do n โ t read it right away , or relatively soon , I โ m less likely to read it period , because I forget I have it . Today , frex , Jayne reviewed a book I have a complicated double tbr folder system on my Nook , one with books I think I โ ll actually read and do n โ t want to forget about , and the other with all of my unread books , as a way to keep them all from becoming tfb . ETA โ I have bought a multiple books from a series I have n โ t read on sale at least twice โ both were for well reviewed series I thought I โ d like . But in general , I need to have read the first book before I โ ll buy the rest , sale or no . Darlynne September 2 , 2013 @ 11 : 16 am MissE : The books may have been removed from the Nook reader โ although mine never were under the same circumstances โ but they would still have been in her Nook library at bn . com . Still , I agree with Cleo and follow the same process of downloading and then copying to Dropbox . Tabs September 2 , 2013 @ 12 : 34 pm I pick up alot of books for free or 99 cents , and while they โ re all not perfect I do tend to find gems in there . The thing about the reviews though is faulty logic in my opinion . You seem to go by the belief that people have the time to quickly read a book , but that is n โ t always the case . In fact , I know alot of people who love to read who add to their book piles even with non e - books and they have an order to As to the other price ranges , there โ s no way I โ m paying $ 8.00 or more for an e - book . I do n โ t care if I โ ve read or enjoy the author either . A paperback you can get for $ 8 at the stores around here . Given that the price of books generally relates to the cost to print them that means that not a single e - book should ever be priced that high . It costs less to โ bring them to print โ so to speak Nicci Hartland September 2 , 2013 @ 2 : 55 pm I normally wait until the best sellers are on the discount shelf . I never spend more than $ 5.00 for a book no matter how good it is . The cheaper the price the better . I have actually found some gems in the lower priced books and even the free ones . Moriah Jovan September 2 , 2013 @ 4 : 11 pm I โ ve been thinking about this post a lot . I have two books at $ 5.99 . Both of them are almost 300,000 words , which is 1,200 pages @ 250 words per page . Each . I have one book at $ 3.99 ( 120,000 words , 480 pages @ 250 wpp ) and one at $ 4.49 ( 150,000 words , 600 pages @ 250 wpp ) . So of course I โ m always mindful of that balance of quickly glancing at a price and moving on versus value per dollar . And I โ ve come to the conclusion that there is no win - win . But beyond that , I know that when my first book ( 285,000 words ) was 99c , I got quite a few sales , but very few people read it . Now that it โ s back to $ 5.99 , I get a lot fewer sales , but I make more money AND people actually read it , which anecdotally buttresses Angela โ s musings about psychologically more valuable . The fact of the matter is , I ca n โ t put out one title per year , much less 3 to half a dozen , and sell them all at 99c to keep my name fresh in everybody โ s mind . A fan , who is a marketing type person in her field ( not publishing ) , told me I was making a mistake selling book 1 at 99c , even if it did lead to people finding me and my series . She advised me to raise the price to $ 5.99 so as not to make people think it was n โ t worth more than a buck . So I sent her this article to read , and she then advised me to RAISE my prices across the board , but put the page count in the I do n โ t know if I will do that or not . All I know is that at 99c , I get bought but not read , with a tiny revenue . And at $ 5.99 , I do n โ t get bought as much , but my margin is higher and I definitely get read . Marlena H . September 2 , 2013 @ 6 : 07 pm Here โ s my price range : FREE โ If it is in a genre I like I will get it unless there is a very obvious element that I wo n โ t like . Usually it is on my list to read , but it might be a while . Often I will read these when I discover that I have five or six in a series by the same author and I realize I really should read these . I have discovered some great authors this way , but there are just so many books I โ ve gotten this way . One of $ 0.99 โ I either have the book in physical form , it is a book by an author I really like ( probably on sale ) , or I plan to read it that week . $ 1.99 โ Probably an author I like is having a sale on his / her books and this is the sale price for a book I already own . This price is pushing it for books I already own and iffy for novellas . $ 2.99 โ At this point I must have already read a book by this author and I probably do not have a physical copy or the likelihood of getting one soon . This book may also be one that is only in digital form . If I do have this book in physical form I must love this author a whole lot or at least love the specific book a whole lot . My price point for physical books is usually somewhere around $ 2.50 , so this is getting high for other reasons as well . $ 3.99 โ This price point is really pushing it for physical books . Actually I almost never buy physical books at this price point . They are usually either under $ 2.50 or somewhere between $ 5 and $ 8 ) . I will pay this price point if I really love the author and I do not have a likelihood of getting a physical book anytime soon . $ 4.99 โ This is pretty much my limit on digital books and few books have been bought at this price . I think the number is at about six , three by one author , two by another , and one by a third . At this price point I have to already love the author . If I do n โ t , I will not be paying this high . I also need to not have a physical copy of the book yet . I know that three of these are for books that cost $ 15.99 I know of two ebooks that I have purchased over $ 4.99 . Both were brand new books by authors I love and are difficult to find locally . Both were books that I ended up loving . None of these price points are a guarantee I will read it right away . I prefer to read whole series at once . I recently purchased six books from three series ( the last two in one series , the latest in the second , and three books from a third series ) . I read the first in all of these series for free and all of these were purchased at $ 2.99 each . With them I also purchased the latest by one of my newer favorite authors for $ 3.99 . All of these authors are @ Moriah โ I think your books would be included in an exception to this rule because of their word counts . Most books are not nearly that long . The problem with ebooks is you have to get someone to click the link to realize that they are as long as they are and I do n โ t click links to books in that price range , not even when I recognize the author . Because of your comment I had to look up your books and has be curious , but not enough to stick my feet Michelle Louring September 3 , 2013 @ 3 : 29 am My experiences pretty much echo your observations , but as I have n โ t switched entirely to digital books yet , I would probably not be willing to give more than $ 5 - 6 for an ebook . The Rodent September 3 , 2013 @ 12 : 27 pm My first thought about pricing , of any commodity , is : why tack โ 99 โ onto the end of everything ? Just round up or down , please , and do n โ t try to trick me into thinking that 3.99 is significantly less than 4 . There is no price point at which I โ ll buy an e - book unless the 3 - 4 page preview grabs me ( and has few / no errors ) . I even pass up โ free โ if I do n โ t like the preview . At under $ 2 or so , I โ ll sometimes buy books by authors I have n โ t read before . Over that price , for a new author I need to be convinced by the preview that the book is going to be worth my time to In general : if I paid for an e - book , I will read it , and soon . But my pile of free books that I โ ll someday get around to is getting enormous . The other aspect of pricing is โฆ If I pay $ 5 or more for an e - book , I do NOT want to have to crack open the EPUB in Sigil and re - format it ; I โ ll be upset . But for a $ 1 or $ 2 book that I decide to read , I will often fix some aspects of poor formatting before loading it onto my e - reader . Castiron September 3 , 2013 @ 1 : 28 pm Free : Am I interested enough in this book or this author that I โ d check it out from the library ? ( Or is it my lucky day , and a book I โ ve read and loved in print is now a freebie ? ) If yes , I โ ll download ; otherwise , I do n โ t want to take the time . $ 1.00 to $ 2.99 : I โ ll buy if I โ m in an adventurous mood and I โ ve read good reviews of the book or have heard good things about the author โ s writing . $ 3.00 to $ 7.99 : I โ ll buy if I โ ve checked the book out from the library and liked it enough to own , or if I โ d bought a used paper copy and love it enough that I want the author to get a royalty payment . $ 8.00 to $ 9.99 : I โ ll buy if I really really love the author โ s work . ( And even then I may balk . See : Dorothy Sayers โ Lord Peter Wimsey series ; I ca n โ t bring myself to spend the $ 8.50ish price that most volumes are going for on Kindle , much as I love the books . If I only wanted a couple of the books , I might spring for it , but I want the whole series . ) $ 10 and up : I wo n โ t rule it out , but at that price , it โ d better be huge , or a really specialized topic ( I โ d pay quite a bit for a good ebook of Jacob Engelbrecht โ s diaries ) , or a multi - volume set ( I โ d pay $ 50 for an all - in - one Peter Wimsey ebook ) . I โ m not likely to pay $ 15 for a novel ; I โ ll buy the print version instead . mbg1968 September 3 , 2013 @ 1 : 56 pm First of all , I rarely spend as much money for ebooks as most readers . I work in a Library and know how to get what I want using holds and ILLs if necessary . I buy only books I want to keep and re - read . Others , I can get for free . Second of all , just because I purchase books on Amazon , does not mean I review them on Amazon . So those windows or emails are usually ignored . First , I prefer to review on Goodreads . I like that my reviews are my own and wo n โ t be deleted if they are unflattering . Second , I feel no compulsion to provide my time for free ( reviewing ) to help Amazon sell books . Third , just because I buy e - books from Amazon , does n โ t mean I am ready So do n โ t assume that because I โ ve purchased from Amazon and have n โ t posted a review that I have not a ) read the book , or b ) already posted a review elsewhere . As far as pricing . I rarely spend more the $ 5.99 for an e - book . At that price , it will be for an author that I love and collect . $ 2.99 - $ 3.99 . Probably something I โ ve read already by an author I like . Again , likely purchasing to re - read , not because it is new to me . $ 1.99 . I may take a chance on these if they come VERY highly reviewed by reviewers I trust . Otherwise , again , I โ m probably buying a familiar author so that I can keep and re - read . $ .99 Almost never buy these unless they are something I want to re - read . I โ ve seen too much junk . And even $ .99 is not worth it for a book that is an agonizingly bad reading experience . English Andrew September 17 , 2013 @ 1 : 05 am The overwhelming majority of books on my ereader are free downloads , especially public domain books downloaded from Project Gutenberg , with some newer books downloaded for three weeks through my library . With so many quality free books available ( and Gutenberg books are generally better proof - read than commercial books which have just been scanned in ) I need a really low price or really want the book in that format to pay at all . Julie Cross September 27 , 2013 @ 2 : 01 pm My buying pattern is pretty much identical to Jane โ s . However , I do wonder what it โ s like for the young people ? I do n โ t know why , but I have a feeling they โ re much more likely to follow the buy , read , buy , read pattern . My 13 yo niece reads YA voraciously both print and kindle books but probably more kindle heavy now . Recently I sent her and email with links to 5 very popular and good YA books all on sale for $ 2.99 or less . She replied back with , โ Omg ! I ca n โ t decide which one to buy , they all sound really good ! โ of course I was like , โ um โฆ all of them ? โ She whips through 2 - 3 books a week and at those sale prices she would I imagine it โ s different if kids have unlimited resources , but then again , with a credit card plugged in constantly , I bet they still search until they find the book they want to read right then , buy it , then start reading . | [
"book prices"
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http://dearblankpleaseblank.com/permalink.php?viewid=216204 | How dare they You ' re a douche Hilarious I like this Umm , WTF ? ! Random Moderate About DBPB FAIL PAGES Dear racist white people , When I was born I was black , when I grew up I was black , when I ' m sick I ' m black , when I go out in the sun I ' m black , when I ' m cold I ' ll be black , and when I die I ' ll be black . But you , when you where born you were pink , when you grew up you were white , when you ' re sick you ' re green , when you go out in the sun you turn red , when Sincerely , black people . HOW DARE THEY 966 YOU ' RE A DOUCHE 5226 HILARIOUS 14838 I LIKE THIS 11691 UMM , WTF ? ! 1340 MEANWHILE , ON IWASTESOMUCHMONEY . COM โฆ SUBSCRIBE TO DEAR BLANK PLEASE BLANK Subscribe to RSS RECENT COMMENTS Master Xiodes โ แตแต สณแตแต " . . . I - I thought the lack anonymity was the point Dear Carrie Underwood , Next time you trash a guy ' s car , do n ' t carve your name into his leather seats . Sincerely , it ' s a dead giveaway . . . 6 hours ago Joe Holliday If the Scarecrow was smart , why did he spout out a completely incorrect equation at the end ? Dear Wizard of Oz , The scarecrow had no brains , tin man had no heart , lion was a coward , and the wizard was a liar . Sincerely , you ' ve summed up men quite well ! 1 day ago K Pineda Dear I hate pencil sharpeners , They ' re called Twistables . There are crayon and colored pencil versions . Sincerely , Crayola Dear Crayola , Why no mechanical colored pencils ? Sincerely , I hate pencil sharpeners . 1 day ago Cthulhu14 True . I found it a lot more effective to wear casual clothing - while โ casually โ cleaning my shotgun . ๐ Dear dad , It is not necessary to greet my boyfriend at the door in your karate uniform , your regular clothes will be fine . Sincerely , embarrassed daughter . 4 days ago Cthulhu14 He did . He will again in 2020 . Begone ! Dear Trump , If you win , I ' m legitimately leaving the country . Sincerely , Me and probably quite a few of other level headed people 4 days ago VIEW THE FULL COMMENTS PAGE DEAR BLANK PLEASE BLANK ON TWITTER Tweets about " dearblankpleaseblank " MEANWHILE , ON IWASTESOMUCHMONEY . COM โฆ EVERYTHING WITHIN A MILLION PIXEL RADIUS OF HERE , COPYRIGHT ยฉ DEARBLANKPLEASEBLANK . COM - CONTACT US TERMS AND PRIVACY ABOUT US | [
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http://dearborncc.com/ | Dearborn Contracting Company FOUNDATIONS CONCRETE STRUCTURAL STEEL Our Company Dearborn Contracting Company DCC is a Michigan based selfperforming construction company that provides General Contracting Construction Management Excavating Services Foundation Installations Concrete and Flatwork Structural Steel Rigging Tooling Installations Manufacturing and Engineering Support to a broad range of automotive industrial and commercial clients throughout the United States DCCs project teams work with our clients to identify program needs and then seek to exceed our customers expectations by managing the process in an efficient qualityconscious costeffective way Decisions on and off the site is an opportunity to maximize value for the customer Careers All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race color religion sex national origin age protected veteran status or disability status Project Manager Construction Division Superintendent Construction Business Development Specialist Tooling Division Markets Served Automotive Commercial Industrial | [
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http://dearcrissy.com/homemade-face-mask-recipes/ | Home DIY DIY Beauty Homemade Face Mask Recipes Homemade Face Mask Recipes by Crissy on May 12 , 2013 / / 14 Here ' s what ' s trending ! I love to pamper my skin , and with great homemade face mask recipes , I can do that from the comfort of my own home ! Finding the perfect homemade facial mask recipe for your skin type can seem daunting , so check out this collection of 10 amazing homemade face mask recipes โ you โ re sure to find the perfect mask recipe for your beauty routine ! Photo ยฉ iStockphoto . com / chrisgramly 1 . Acne mask โ This simple homemade acne mask recipe includes only TWO ingredients . Your pores will be unclogged in no time ! 2 . Nutmeg , Honey , and Cinnamon Mask Recipe โ This soothing facial mask recipe is the perfect way to relax after a long day . Nutmeg and honey are natural anti - inflammatories , which can reduce swelling and redness in your skin . This homemade face mask recipe sounds lovely ! 3 . Heavenly Honey Citrus Mask โ Marie Clare offers this honey citrus face mask recipe . This luscious honey and orange based mask will give your skin a beautiful healthy glow . Sounds good enough to eat ! 4 . Avocado Egg White Face Mask Recipe โ Combine the oil - fighting powers of avocado with the pore - tightening properties in egg whites , and you get one powerful acne - fighting homemade facial mask ! This avocado egg white face mask will do wonders for oily skin . Photo ยฉ iStockphoto . com / - ilkeryuksel - 5 . Nourishing Honey and Oatmeal Facial Mask Recipe โ If you have dry skin , you โ ll want to find a facial mask that can moisturize and nourish . This honey and oatmeal mask will not only add moisture to your skin , but it will soften and smooth even the most tired skin . 6 . Turmeric Face Mask โ This easy DIY turmeric and honey face mask is fantastic for fighting acne and blemishes ! 7 . Brightening Daisy Mask โ Who ever would have guessed that daisies would be great for your skin ? This video tutorial teaches you how to make your own daisy mask at home for brighter , youthful skin . 8 . DIY Mud Mask Recipe โ Of course , the most common type of mask is a mud mask . I love the way a good mud mask makes my skin feel , and this DIY mud mask recipe looks really nice . This mud mask is particularly great for oily skin . 9 . Strawberry Face Mask Recipe โ Actually , the strawberry facial mask recipe ( which is super - simple ) is only one of many in this fabulous round - up of homemade face mask recipes that offers a variety of easy mask recipes for different skin types . This is a great resource , you โ ll definitely want to bookmark it ! 10 . Coffee and Cocoa Face Mask Recipe โ Yum , how does a coffee and cocoa facial mask sound ? When it comes to homemade face mask recipes , this one is perfect for waking up dull skin , and really , it just sounds too yummy not to try ! 11 . Lemon - Milk Alpha Hydroxy Mask โ Why spend money on expensive alpha hydroxy facial masks , when you can prepare your own homemade face mask recipe at home ? This Lemon - Milk Alpha Hydroxy Mask will perk - up your sleepy skin , making it feel fresh and look bright . Both milk and lemon contain natural alpha hydroxy acids . This is such a great way to save money and kickstart your beauty routine ! Whether you have normal , oily , or dry skin , there is a mask for you . I โ m a sucker for at - home spa treatments , so I โ ll be trying several of these facial mask recipes this summer ! Hope you enjoyed learning more about these 10 incredible homemade face mask recipes Suggested Products This face mask brush is fantastic and will help you achieve a smooth application of your preferred facial mask . I highly recommend picking up some bentonite clay . It โ s the main ingredient in the incredible diy acne mask above , and such a wonderful product to detoxify the skin ! More Beauty Articles on Dear Crissy DIY Acne Mask Oil Cleansing Method Tutorial 10 Homemade Sugar Scrub Recipes Homemade Lip Balm Recipes Images licensed through iStock Photo . We participate in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program , an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon . com and affiliated sites . categories : DIY Beauty 14 Comments ยป | [
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http://death-mage.wikia.com/wiki/Birkyne | in Characters Male Characters Vampires Purebreed Vampires Birkyne Comments Birkyne Personal Information Species Purebreed Vampires Gender Male Age Approx 100000 years Status Alive Affiliation Vidas Faction left Hihiryushukaka s Faction Debut Web Novel Chapter 35 Unnamed Chapter 36 Birkyne is one of the three Purebreed Vampires ruling the Vampires extremists that follow the evil gods Contents show Appearance His outward appearance was that of a man of around twenty years of age with delicate features consisting of thin lines and that of an eloquent pleasant young man and his behavior is elegant he could pass for a young nobleman if he does not show his fangs He seemed like someone who might gather sons and daughters of noble families to host tea parties and balls Personality His normal behavior is much more decent than that of the other Purebreed Vampires He always shows his face at the meetings that occur once a year and often decides where they are held However his true personality is one that desires to monopolize and rule over things and he is so hottempered that if he becomes mad with rage he can rampage haphazardly and be out of control for up to ten days straight Background A Purebreed Vampire who has lived for over a hundred thousand years He turned his back on the goddess Vida and the Vampire ancestor who were defeated by Alda the god of law and fate He worships the Evil God of Joyful Life Hihiryushukaka And creates evil schemes and indulges in repulsive pleasures His main hobby is torture but the thing he enjoys the most is to discover and raise superior individuals and then gradually destroy them with his own hands Several slave traders and orphanages are under his control without being aware of this He was outraged when Vandalieu stole his new favorite Eleanora but he has cleared his head after going on a rampage and now no longer holds any grudge towards him He is now more concerned and curious about why the evil god would go as far as to personally send a Divine Message instructing the Vampires to kill the Dhampir Trivia References Categories Characters Male Characters Vampires Purebreed Vampires | [
"Birkyne"
] |
http://deathnote.wikia.com/wiki/L_(character) | in : Humans Japanese Task Force Wammy ' s House and 10 more L ( character ) English View source Share This page features a video ( above if enabled through preferences or logged out ) not created or controlled by the Death Note Wiki . It may contain inaccuracies and misleading statements If you would like to make corrections , please contact Wikia Staff at Special : Contact / general Main Page Image Gallery L Manga Anime Films Drama Musical ( J ) Musical ( K ) Netflix Name L True Name L Lawliet ( ใจใซ ใป ใญใผใฉใคใ , Eru Rลraito Alias Hideki Ryuga ( ๆตๆฒณๆฑๆจน , Ryลซga Hideki Ryuzaki ( ็ซๅด , Ryลซzaki Eraldo Coil ( ใจใฉใซใ ใป ใณใคใซ , Erarudo Koiru Deneuve ( ใใใผใด , Donลซvu Asahi Suzuki ( ในใบใญ , Suzuki L - Prime L : Change the WorLd Yoshio Anderson TV drama Series debut Death Note manga Personal Information Species Human Gender Male Blood type Unknown Date of birth October 31 , 1979 ( 1982 in anime Date of death November 5 , 2004 ( 2007 in anime July 30 , 2006 film series August 2015 ( TV drama ) Age 22 Death Note : Another Note 24 - 25 Height 179 cm ( 5 ' 10ยฝ " ) ( estimated ) Weight 50 kg ( 110 lbs . ) ( estimated ) Lifespan 75231362 51161121 ( TV drama ) Death Notes Used Ryuk ' s second Death Note ( film series only ) Notable kills Himself ( film series only ) Official Stats Appearances Voice Actors Live - Action Actors Kira is childish , and he hates losing . You guessed it , I ' m also childish and hate losing . โ L ( " One " ( ใจใซ , Eru ) is a world - renowned detective who takes on the challenge of catching the mass murderer known as Kira . In his investigation , L becomes suspicious of Light Yagami and makes it his goal to prove that Light is Kira . Contents show Appearance L ' s full appearance L is a very slim , tall young man with messy black hair and dark eyes . One of his most noticeable features is the shadow below each of his eyes , a result of him being an insomniac . L is always shown to be wearing a pair of blue jeans and a long - sleeved white shirt . He almost never wears shoes or socks , preferring to go barefoot , even while in public . This was shown when he visited Light Yagami ' s school and was seen barefoot while sitting on a bench , not Character The " L " that L uses to represent himself L is quite secretive , and only communicates with the world through his assistant , Watari . He never shows his face to the world in person , instead representing himself with a capital letter L drawn in " Old English MT " or " Cloister Black " typeface . It is more likely to be " Cloister Black " as Watari ' s " W " is different in " Old English MT . " After meeting the Japanese Task Force , he requests that the task force refer to him as " Ryuzaki " as an additional safety measure . The Task Force never learns his true name , and it is revealed in neither the manga nor anime . L is very intelligent , though his disheveled and languid appearance masks his great powers of deduction and many question his abilities upon viewing him . L tends to second - guess everything he is presented with , and is extremely meticulous and analytical . He is good at deceiving his opponents , and is willing to take drastic measures to solve a case . Some of his tactics are quite bold , such as having death row inmate Lind L . Tailor pose as himself on live TV in order to draw out Kira , while others seem bizarre to those involved , such as handcuffing himself to suspected - Kira , Light Yagami . He is also shown to have a dry sense of humor , and he is n ' t above making sarcastic remarks to people . Although he tends to be polite , to some ( such as Task Force member Shuichi Aizawa ) , L can seem condescending at times . Using subterfuge , misinformation , disinformation , and an analytical knowledge of human nature to help lure a suspected murderer into a false sense of security and possibly make him carelessly over - confident , L sometimes gets what he wants through abnormal or possibly criminal channels . Whenever L gives percentages to indicate how much he suspects a person of committing a crime , such as " five percent , " he may in fact be over ninety percent convinced of their culpability . Although L tells Light that he is among the least likely suspects with one of Tsugumi Ohba said laughing , making light of L ' s tactics : " The truth is , he ' s a liar . " L ' s preferred posture He also has several quirks , such as preferring to crouch rather than sit , eating only sweet foods ( like desserts , candies and fruits ) and holding items by using only a thumb and a finger . He also has an unusual way of sitting , with both of his feet on the chair . He claims that if he sits normally , his reasoning ability would drop 40 % . Interestingly , in the manga , he is seen sitting on the floor in a pose similar to how one would meditate , while thinking deeply about With his status as the world ' s greatest detective , he , like Light , has a very sensitive pride , being afraid to be wrong in his deductions and theories , evident through his drastic measures ( torturing Misa and confining Light during an unnecessarily lengthy amount of time ) , and lethargic behavior during the beginning of the Yotsuba arc Although he is often seen sitting and inactive , L retains a high athletic ability . L stayed in England for five years , and during that time he was the tennis champion in the England Junior Cup . He also has a knack for martial arts , which is demonstrated in his brief fight with Light . In chapter 38 of the manga , L suggests that even though he eats only sweet foods , he remains underweight because the brain uses the most calories of any organ in the body . L kicks Light When asked about L ' s ethnicity , creator of the series Tsugumi Ohba responded , " I think of him as a quarter Japanese , a quarter English , a quarter Russian , a quarter French or Italian , like that . " Ohba said that L is the most intelligent character in the entire Death Note series because " the plot requires it . " He added that he personally views L as " slightly evil . " History L was found by Watari as a child and was taken to the orphanage known as Wammy ' s House , a home for gifted children . Sometime after , Watari realized that L had incredible intelligence and later assisted him in his cases . L became a detective at a young , unknown age and eventually gained a reputation as the greatest detective in the world whose opinion is highly valued . Plot L notices the rapid rate of criminals dying of heart attacks , and suspects a person is behind this and that he is in Japan , so he seeks cooperation from the NPA . He begins the Kira case by having undocumented death row inmate Lind L . Tailor introduce himself on television as " L " and say that Kira is " evil . " This provokes Kira into killing Tailor on the spot , which in turn confirms that the Kira killings are not a coincidental succession of heart attacks amongst criminals but the designs of an ingenious murderer who will kill any and all who try to stop him . It also reveals Kira ' s location , since the broadcast was televised only in the Kanto region . Not long after this , because of the time of day during which the criminals die coincide Shortly after the FBI ' s investigation begins , Kira begins testing his abilities using criminals and leaves behind meaningless clues , successfully distracting L from the agents . Not too long after this , all 12 FBI agents die at Kira ' s hand . This causes a large portion of the NPA to quit the investigation , only leaving a few members , Soichiro Yagami Touta Matsuda Hirokazu Ukita Shuichi Aizawa , and Kanzo Mogi . L books a hotel room where all six of them can regularly do their investigation , and he gives them counterfeit police badges as well as belt buckles which allow them to contact L in case of an emergency . L in the manga , declaring he is " justice " to the Task Force . L finds footage of the death of one of the agents , and the footage shows that Raye Penber , who was investigating the families of Soichiro Yagami and Koreyoshi Kitamura , was reaching for something behind him when he died just outside the train . Furthermore , the body of Naomi Misora , who previously worked with L on the Los Angeles BB Serial Murder Cases and was Raye ' s fiancรฉ , went missing . L assumes this was the work of Kira because Naomi did n ' t seem like the type to commit suicide at the loss of her fiancรฉ . Because of these two factors , Kira must be among those whom Raye was investigating . L installs surveillance cameras and wiretaps in the Yagami household as well as Kitamura ' s house . However , L places 64 in the room of Light Yagami , Soichiro ' s son , who L observes the closest . After seeing Light ' s alibi ( which was that he writes name in a blind spot whilst studying ) , L senses something is very off about Light , deeming him " too perfect . " In order to take his investigation to its next stage , L decides to enroll at To - Oh University ( ๆฑๅฟๅคงๅญฆ , Tลล Daigaku ) โ the same college that Light attends โ using the well - known name of a popular singer and actor , Hideki Ryuga . L attends To - Oh because he feels confident in his reasoning and interrogational skills and wishes to test his theory concerning Light ' s hidden identity by confronting him and perhaps provoking or tricking him to admit that he is indeed Kira . L is well aware that this is something of a gamble , and knows full well that his act of direct confrontation could prove fatal , but as he ' s convinced he understands Light ' s thought process , he feels confident that the adversary will not yet risk revealing his secret identity by When L introduces himself as Ryuga , Light becomes alert and somewhat alarmed but recognizes that it would be pointless to attempt to kill him โ the name is conspicuously fake . Light has no way of knowing whether Ryuga is the real L or a proxy acting under orders . He also reasons that L would have already introduced himself to Light ' s father earlier , and thus , were he to somehow kill L , this murder would instantly unmask him , proving that he is indeed Kira . If this person proved to be L ' was Ryuga , he might die , but L would live and know his identity , without ever having had to reveal himself to Light , so that L will have gained all the advantage . Also , while writing the name " Hideki Ryuga " into the Death Note , the face of the pop singer bearing that name might enter Light ' s thoughts involuntarily , and that would cause the death of pop singer Ryuga , which would also lead L to the obvious conclusion that Light is Kira . As such , L ' s expectations about L ' s loss against Light in tennis . L plans on getting closer to Light by asking him to join the investigation ; this way , if Light is Kira , he would be more prone to slipping up , while Light not being Kira would still benefit the investigation . L begins by playing a tennis game with Light , in order to have grounds to get closer to Light and begin asking him about the investigation ; during the game , L concludes that Light will attempt to meet with the Task Force members in order to confirm L ' s identity . After losing the L then asks Light to join the investigation , but Light takes advantage of this by claiming that he ' ll refuse to join the investigation unless the Task Force members confirm L ' s identity . Considering L wants Light to join the investigation and he has another countermeasure to keep him safe anyway , L allows Light to have the Task Force members confirm his identity . Suddenly , L and Light receive news of Soichiro having collapsed of a heart attack due to stress , and at the hospital , L has Soichiro confirm his identity , After a while , Kira sends tapes to Sakura TV , which airs on TV . After Kira begins to kill innocents to prove the fact that they ' re Kira , the Task Force tries their best to stop the broadcast . After all the calls fail , Ukita attempts to barge in the station , only for him to somehow be killed . This shocks them and angers Aizawa as Kira should n ' t have been able to discover Ukita ' s name . Luckily , a recovered Soichiro barges in the station using a truck , confirming his safety , and retrieves the tapes from Demegawa pose as another L through a computer screen in order to prevent Light from killing L and the Task Force , as an outsider would notice their deaths should they occur . Together , they both manage to have the second Kira , who wishes to have L seen on TV , respond to them . In one of the responses , the second Kira mentions " Shinigami " , and since their existence is n ' t implausible to L considering previous events , L is shocked and unsettled by the idea of him potentially needing to change his worldview . After the second Kira sends a diary , Light goes to Aoyama on May 22nd under the guise of investigating , only for him to find nothing . On May 23rd , the second Kira releases a tape announcing that she has found Kira , which has L suspect Light further considering this is probably referring to when Light went to Aoyama the previous day , Judging from the fact that the second Kira now does not seek Kira ' s attention , L thinks that the second Kira and Kira have joined forces . After this , Light suddenly gains a gaggle of girlfriends , all of whom L investigates . L manages to discover that Misa Amane was ahold of these tapes thanks to the hairs and fibers on them . Thus , Misa Amane is the Second Kira . Her manager is then charged for drugs , and L meets Light again at the university . There , he meets Misa before she is detained . Because of this , Light is in deep trouble and he asks to be detained , and so L does so . During Light ' s confinement , no criminals are killed , which confirms to L that Light is Kira . During Light ' s seventh day of confinement L sulking . Still convinced Light and Misa are Kira and the second Kira , respectively , L handcuffs his hands to Light ' s . L asks Light to manipulate Misa into spilling information regarding the case , but Light refuses as it is against his moral code . While Light , L , and Misa are in Misa ' s room , L sulks over the fact that he has come to the conclusion that Light and Misa have lost their memories of having been Kira and passed on their powers to someone else , which would make solving the case After a few months of not working on the case , L is shown Light ' s research ; Light deduces Kira is now within the Yotsuba company and that Kira can kill through means other than heart attacks . Shortly after , because of the fact that Kira has bribed and blackmailed the NPA to not oppose Kira , Aizawa quits the Task Force in order to support his family after being fed up with L , who lied to Aizawa about him having to make a choice , as L had already ensured that anyone who would quit L and the team watching over the Yotsuba members . L hires Aiber and Wedy to help them with the investigation now that the Task Force is not a part of the police . Together , they all manage to concoct a plan , but Matsuda messes up by taking initiative and entering Yotsuba headquarters . In order to fix his mistakes , L tells Matsuda to fake his death . L takes advantage of his second alias , Eraldo Coil , who Yotsuba hired in order to find L , to find out more information about the company , with Aiber communicating with them as Eraldo . When Misa finds evidence as to who the Third Kira is , L is a little underwhelmed , but comes up with a plan to stop Higuchi regardless . L uses Matsuda as bait during a Sakura TV talk show to lure Higuchi onto the scene , only for the Task Force members to ambush him . Higuchi makes an escape , but with the help of Ide and his return , the Task Force catches up to him . L finally discovers the , how Kira kills , and discover the Shinigami Rem . Light and Misa regain their memories as Kira , and L discovers a rule , one where if someone does n ' t write within the notebook within 13 consecutive days , they die . Despite this being a perfect alibi for Light , L still suspects him . Due to pressure from the Task Force now believing Light and Misa are in the clear , L releases Misa and removes the handcuffs from his and Light ' s hands . L stands out in the rain , hearing the " bells , " and massages Light ' s feet after doing so . ( This has happened only in the anime and is absent from the manga . Many fans interpret this as L having knowledge of his premature death . ) A few killings after Misa ' s release , the killings from Kira start up again , resulting in L quarreling with the Task Force as he plans on using the notebook to test the legitimacy of the 13 - day rule . However , just then , Watari has died , as he noticed all the data concerning the Kira case has been deleted . Once L figures out Rem must have killed Watari , Rem writes L ' s name in the notebook , killing him . As L has a heart attack , Light catches L and L ' s death in the anime . Because of Wammy ' s House attempting to raise a successor to L , Near Mello attempt to catch Kira , with Near doing this in order to avenge L and defend his pride . During some of his interactions with Near and Mello , Light remembers L . Ultimately , Near succeeds in defeating Light . In other media Film series Kenichi Matsuyama as L in the film series L retains many of the same characteristics seen in the original series . At the end of the first film , L eats potato chips in front of Light ; Light understood this to mean that L was still suspicious of him , as Light had used a potato chip bag to hide a mini LCD television from security cameras while L filmed his room . Death Note : The Last Name As there is no time delay between the first and second films , the second film begins soon before L supposedly dies . Unlike the manga and anime , in the second film , his original " death , " caused by Rem writing his name in her Death Note , does not take effect , as L had written his own name in Misa ' s Death Note earlier . It is his self - sacrifice that allows him to stay alive for a longer duration ( as he supposed that Kira would kill him on that day ) Twenty - three days after writing his name in the Death Note , and after burning all the remaining Death Notes and having a conversation with Soichiro Yagami , L dies peacefully while eating a chocolate bar , with a picture of Watari lying right beside him . L : Change the WorLd chronicles the 23 days that L has left before he dies . L decides to solve one last case . He is in charge of stopping a deadly virus from spreading across the world . Ryuk comes to his aid on behalf of Kira ' s last wishes . Hideo Nakata , the director , told The Daily Yomiuri that he wanted to exhibit L ' s " human side , " a quality which was not made all too apparent in the series . Conception of L in the films Manga rendition of L ' s film portrayal Shลซsuke Kaneko , director of the films , said that L ' s role was the most difficult to cast ; as the starting date of the shooting schedule drew near , many of the " big name " actors had other projects . Kaneko decided to offer the role to Ken ' ichi Matsuyama , " very much a newcomer " . When Matsuyama spoke to him of his intention to " live as L " , the young actor had " clinched it " , declares Kaneko . Matsuyama admits having experienced some difficulty in trying to portray L , and he worried about his performance . In the end , he decided to interpret L as an individual who does not " quite understand other people on an emotional level " โ the actor reasoned that L rarely interacted with others , and as a consequence , his social skills and emotional expressiveness may not be those of a socially active person . Matsuyama , describing himself as " not very flexible physically " , encountered difficulty in emulating L ' s postures . The actor also Matsuyama said that he and Fujiwara became " so immersed " in their character portrayals , that they did not talk to one another while on the set ; only when filming ceased did they converse , and they " went out for a drink or two . " Matsuyama described L and Light as having " such unique characters that they โ re impossible to understand " and that " the inside of L โ s head remains a mystery " to him . Matsuyama said that L and Light are " extremely " alike in that they have " very strong sense of justice " . Novels Death Note : Another Note : The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases In the novel Death Note : Another Note , the reader is led to believe L โ under the alias , Rue Ryuzaki โ is helping Naomi Misora solve a murder case . She was recruited for the case by L because she was on leave from the FBI . This Rue acts very much like L and shared many characteristics like crouching to sit and consuming sweets . At the end of the novel , the reader discovers that Beyond Birthday detective name B , who was another candidate to replace L along with Near and Mello , was not only the killer but also Rue Ryuzaki in disguise under heavy make - up . He was trying to make a case L could not solve to prove his superiority to L . In the book the only certified reference to L was the phone conversations Naomi had with him to discuss the case . At the very end of the book , as Naomi was going back to work , she sees a man similar to Rue , who the reader is led It is revealed that , prior to the series , L once told Mello three stories regarding his previous solved cases โ the Los Angeles BB Murder Cases , detective wars against the real Deneuve , and the story of how L met Watari . Although following closely the storyline of its film counterpart โ with the exception of a few creative changes โ the novelization reveals various attributes of L . It is revealed in the novel that the initial " L " has two meanings : L stands for " Last One , " meaning no one could surpass or match him , but also for " Lost One , " meaning a gifted entity who has dropped down , or was cast out from heaven . The novel also states that L helped in the prevention of World War III when he was only eight years old . In the novel , L takes a few capoeira lessons from Suruga . This is most likely a homage to the on - going fan speculation of L ' s capoeira like fighting style in the Death Note manga and anime Also , in the novel , L for the first time completely loses his composure and calm attitude : when Maki is kidnapped by Blue Ship , L breaks down and screams toward the sky after realizing that this was what Light meant about feeling helpless to protect the people he cares about . L also states at one point that " his heart hurts " . His feelings about Light are also revealed , and it is described that L did consider Light to be his friend , going as far as holding on to Light ' s broken According to the timeline that is presented on each page of the novel , it appears L was to have only 272 days left to live prior to writing his name onto the page of the . Based on this bit of information it ' s obvious that L ' s remaining natural lifespan at the end of the second film would only have amounted to less than a year . According to page 151 of the novel , it is revealed that the reason why L has acquired so many eccentric quirks is because of the heavy strain of upholding the name of L . From the novel : How L did not and could not forget the faces of thousands of victims . " Who could comprehend the man who had lived his life , and had to live confronting all the lives ended prematurely , the tears of the grief stricken survivors , the devaluing of life as a daily reality . How was it possible to measure the pain of such a man ? Was it a strain so heavy that L ' s back curved under all its weight ? Was it an agony so terrible as to leave the indelible dark circles around his L ' s detective skills are also explored . In the novel L manages to disguise himself from Kujo and the Blue Ship members by wearing lipstick and putting on a women ' s wig . He even goes as far as playing the part , and calling Suruga " Honey " while in disguise , much to his annoyance . Yonkoma Main articles : Death Note 13 : How to Read Yonkoma Death Note 13 : How to Read describes L in the yonkoma as the " holder of the world ' s greatest mind " and having the " powerful ability to act like a fool . " adds that in the yonkoma , " it ' s like [ L was ] born to be mocked . " Musical Teppei Koike as L ( Tokyo , 2015 ) L ' s role in Death Note : The Musical is essentially the same , but there are some notable changes to the plot . L does not create the Task Force ; the Task Force is formed prior to his involvement , and Soichiro Yagami calls L in to assist on the case . The ending is also very different . Light convinces Rem to not just write L ' s name in the notebook but to also write the manner of L ' s death . As written , L goes to meet Light at a warehouse in Daikoku Wharf and he takes a gun . Light reveals himself as Kira and allows L to touch the Death Note and see Ryuk . L shoots Light in the leg , but Light reveals that this is all according to what ' s already been written , because Light intends to make it look like L himself was Kira and Light exposed him . Light guides the gun in L ' s hand to L ' s temple , and L pulls the trigger and dies . Kim Junsu as L ( Seongnam , 2015 ) L is portrayed by various actors for the different musical productions . Teppei Koike ( ๅฐๆฑ ๅพนๅนณ , Koike Teppei ) portrayed him in the 2015 Japanese production , and he will reprise the role in 2017 . Kim Junsu ( ๊น์ค์ ) portrayed him in both the 2015 and 2017 Korean productions . Jarrod Spector voiced the character for the New York studio demo recordings . L performs the following songs in the Musical : The Game Begins Secrets and Lies Where is the Justice Reprise Stalemate aka A Game of Death The Way Things Are aka The Unwavering Truth Playing His Game aka Into Him The Way Things Are Reprise Last Moments Drama Kento Yamazaki as L L receives major changes in the drama adaptation . Unlike his manga and anime counterpart , this live - action L sits properly , albeit with his feet on tables and his legs crossed , regularly wears shoes , and eschews sweets and candy in favour of energy drinks . He is also portrayed as far more bold , evident in episode 2 when he accuses Light and several other suspects as being Kira over the phone without even using a voice scrambler . He shows more emotions than L does in the manga , screaming during his fight with L has a much closer relationship to Near in the drama , and the two of them regularly keep in touch over the phone . L is very wary of Near โ s โ Mello โ personality and does not hesitate to scold Mello when he comes out . It is for this reason that L attempts to keep Near sheltered , though he ultimately fails when Near escapes the Wammy House . The two spend time together in person , and L values Near ' s contribution to the Higuchi case and respects his establishment as a world - Netflix film American actor Keith Stanfield portrays an American version of L in the 2017 Netflix adaptation of Similar to the television drama , L ' s character and background have significant changes . Prior to the events of the film , L was raised in an orphanage in New York where he and several other children were trained by Watari to become the greatest detectives in the world . The orphanage was eventually abandoned soon after L ' s departure . L also rarely took time to sleep and ate nothing but sweets and required Watari ' s aid to maintain his health . Towards the film ' s third act , L displays an aggressive behavior that causes him to shout and even break things when he is angered . When Watari is killed , L ' s rage consumes him and he takes a gun in an attempt to hunt down Light Turner to avenge his mentor , but is knocked unconscious by a Kira worshipper before he can shoot Light . After being taken into custody by the police , L is able to avoid prison due to his contacts in the government , but he is deported and is to be sent back to Japan . Before his plane takes off , L remembers Mia ' s involvement with Light and he breaks into Mia ' s house . He searches through her belongings and finds a page of the Death Note with the names of the FBI agents on it . Out of anger , L grabs a pen and considers writing Light ' s name down . Conception The following information is from : Writer Takeshi Obata : Artist Overview Ohba created L as a " force of justice " and a " super detective " who stands between Light and Light ' s goals and advances the story . Ohba believed that the story would not hold much interest if L was significantly older than Light , so Ohba created L as a young adult . Ohba said that for L ' s name he wanted to use a single letter with a lot of significance ; according to Ohba , he considered " I " and " J " but decided that they did not " feel as Ohba said that his favorite human character in the series was L as he believed that L was the " strongest " character in the series " besides Light . " Obata also chose L as his favorite due to " appearance , personality , everything . " He stated that he could never have created L and that he enjoyed drawing him . Obata added that because of this , L is not " real " to him , and he likes that aspect of L . In response to the question " Who was the most fun to Appearance Ohba claims he left " everything " about L ' s character design to Obata , who asked Ohba if L could be " unattractive . " Afterwards , Ohba would include his ideas about the character into his thumbnails , including L ' s posture when seated , and notes such as : " he ' s English , " and " he ' s listless . " He also added details regarding L ' s mannerisms , and his " sweet tooth . " Apart from all that , Ohba credits Obata for the character designs . Obata described the thumbnail pictures of L created by Ohba as having a " plain face with no expression , " and no " bags " under his eyes . According to Obata , the thumbnail design was " great , and I wish I could have used it as is . " Obata drew L as an " attractive young man " until Chapter 11 , when the character appeared in person . After Chapter 11 Obata decided to contrast L ' s appearance with that of Light ' s ; Obata claims that both he and Ohba held Obata speaks of his concern , during the development of the early manga chapters , that L would appear to be " so suspicious that Light would know instantly it was L if they ever met . " When Obata ' s editor told him that he wanted L to have a face " looking cool based on the angle , " Obata added black " bags " under L ' s eyes , and he cited Devilman ' s Akira Fudou when expressing his belief that black bags " looked cool . " In addition , Obata thought of a " dead eyes " concept , which involved L having " all - black eyes " and " mostly no eyebrows . " Although he believes that giving it such black eyes tends to make an animated character appear " goofier , " he also thinks that the bags " sharpen the character ' s gaze . " Obata suggests that the design evokes " a feeling of mystery " surrounding the character , and as a result , Ohba presented an initial rough draft of L , and said that , with a " cool expression " and without the " bags " under his eyes the rough draft showed " a totally different person . " While designing color book covers , Obata assigned colors to characters to " get the atmosphere right . " The color he assigned to L was gold . Mannerisms Obata has stated his belief that traits exhibited by L are best revealed " gradually . " He is convinced that if he drew L eating " mountains of sweets " prior to revealing L ' s face , the character would not have " much credibility as a super detective , " and people would question whether L was " crazy . " Obata mentions being told often that L ' s fighting style is much like capoeira ; the artist claims that he did not consider this when he drew L ' s fights โ he was simply thinking of the most effective method of kicking an adversary while being handcuffed to him . In Obata ' s opinion , if the style resembles capoeira , then this " adds another element to it " and " that makes me happy . " Trivia L ' s name , L Lawliet ( pronounced " low light " ) , was first shown in on a promotional card at the beginning of the book . L ' s lifespan in the anime In the anime , certain characters take on stylized hair colors while the viewer hears their thoughts ; L ' s color is blue . L ' s lifespan in the television drama is 51161121 . L can tie two cherry stems in a knot with his mouth , as seen in episode 18 . In the Death Note DVD Behind the Scenes , L ' s voice actor Alessandro Juliani describes L as an " enigma , and someone , that if you sat next to on the subway with you would probably move to the other side . " In the Italian version , rather than using the letter " L " to spell his name , the phonetic spelling ( " Elle " ) is used . In Full Metal Panic ! The Second Raid episode 6 , L was briefly seen riding a bike . An L Nendoroid figure L was one of the Death Note characters made into Nendoroid figures . The L Nendoroid comes with a chair , an extra arm holding a cell phone , another body of L but in his crouching posture , and three other faces , an angry face , a shocked face , and a face looking to the right . Quotes Kira is childish and he hates losing โฆ I ' m also childish and hate losing . โ ( Chapter 11 Well , to put it simply โฆ I had prepared a little trick to test whether you were Kira โฆ But I did n ' t even feel the need to use it on any of you . โ ( Chapter 13 He who moves first always wins . Chapter 20 I just ca n ' t sit any other way than this . If I sit the way other people do , my reasoning ability drops by 40 % . Chapter 21 The only thing I see is the abnormal strength of Amane ' s love for Light Yagami . Chapter 36 Light - kun , please shut Misa - san up . Chapter 37 Not satisfied unless you ' re Kira โฆ ? Yes , that may be true โฆ I have just realized something โฆ I wanted you to be Kira โฆ " Chapter 38 Misa - san , take this seriously or I ' ll kick you . Chapter 46 It ' s not a sense of justice . Figuring out difficult cases is my hobby . If you measured good and evil deeds by current laws , I would be responsible for many crimes . The same way you all like to solve mysteries and riddles , or clear video games more quickly . For me too , it ' s simply prolonging something I enjoy doing . That ' s why I only take on cases that pique my interest . It ' s not justice at all . And if it means being able to clear a Death Note One - Shot Special There are โฆ many types of monsters in this world : Monsters who will not show themselves and who cause trouble ; monsters who abduct children ; monsters who devour dreams ; monsters who suck blood , and โฆ monsters who always tell lies . Lying monsters are a real nuisance . They are much more cunning than other monsters . They pose as humans even though they have no understanding of the human heart . They eat even though they ' ve never experienced hunger . They study even though they have no interest in academics . They seek Death Note Relight 2 : L ' s Successors The killer is B . Death Note : Another Note : The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases , p 104 ) Light wanted to live like a god . He did n ' t die like one . Watari , now I want to live in this world a little bit longer . Misa Amane โฆ I hope you enjoy the remaining few years of your life . , p 115 ) Light , I ' ll see you on the other side . Let us explore the world of nothingness together . , p 188 ) Themes L ' s Theme L ' s Theme L ' s Theme B L ' s Theme B L no Kabe L ' s Wall L no Kako L ' s Past L no Shisou L ' s Ideology References โ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 From โ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 From Death Note / A Animation Official Analysis Guide โ In the 2015 television drama , L dies a few days after August 24 , 2015 . That date is marked in episode 8 , about 20 minutes and 55 seconds into the episode ; L dies around two days later . โ Death Note Manga : Special Chapter , Wammy ' s House Death Note Novel : Another Note Categories Humans Manga characters Anime characters Novel characters Live action film characters Video game characters Human Death Note users Musical characters TV drama characters Netflix film characters Male characters Languages : ะัะปะณะฐััะบะธ Catalร Deutsch Espaรฑol Suomi Franรงais Italiano ๆฅๆฌ่ช Polski Portuguรชs ะ ัััะบะธะน | [
"L ( character )",
"world-renowned detective"
] |
http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/node/10 | A just society requires the death penalty for the taking of a life : Agree Click for testimony | Click for other side When someone takes a life , the balance of justice is disturbed . Unless that balance is restored , society succumbs to a rule of violence . Only the taking of the murderer ' s life restores the balance and allows society to show convincingly that murder is an intolerable crime which will be punished in kind . Retribution has its basis in religious values , which have historically maintained that it is proper to take an " eye for an eye " and a life for a life . Although the victim and the victim ' s family can not be restored to the status which preceded the murder , at least an execution brings closure to the murderer ' s crime ( and closure to the ordeal for the victim ' s family ) and ensures that the murderer will create no more victims . For the most cruel and heinous crimes , the ones for which the death penalty is applied , offenders deserve the worst punishment under our system of law , and that is the death penalty . Any lesser punishment would undermine the value society places on protecting lives . Robert Macy , District Attorney of Oklahoma City , described his concept of the need for retribution in one case : " In 1991 , a young mother was rendered helpless and made to watch as her baby was executed . The mother was then mutilated and killed . The killer should not lie in some prison with three meals a day , clean sheets , cable TV , family visits and endless appeals . For justice to prevail , some killers just need to die . " | [
"death penalty"
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http://deathwish.wikia.com/wiki/Alley_Muggers | in : Antagonists Characters Muggers Deceased Alley Muggers Edit Comments ( 3 ) Share Alley Muggers ( No Lines ) Gender All three Male Born Black Jacket : September 4th , 1953 , Brown Jacket : 1955 , Green Jacket : December 28th , 1954 Died Black Jacket : 1974 ( Aged : 21 ) , Brown Jacket : 1974 ( Aged : 19 ) , Green Jacket : 1974 ( Aged : 20 ) Titles Muggers First Appearance Death Wish Portrayed By unknown The Alley Muggers were a group of three muggers Paul Kersey encountered one night in an alley . History Edit Against Paul Kersey As Paul was walking down a sidewalk he noticed a group of three hoodlums beating up an old man . He walked closer to investigate but was noticed by them and they came closer to him . After a brief standoff Paul pulled out his .32 Colt Police Positive and shot all three of them . Two of them died instantly but one tried to climb a fence , only to be shot dead . Paul then ran away from the scene . The man who was being beat up claimed that he did n ' t see what the Hank when the police arrived to investigate . When Lt . Ochoa arrived and told Hank to leave , he himself asks him if he saw him good . When getting a negative answer , Ochoa told him that he ' s " full of shit " . This vigilante killing sparked a lot of attention from the media unlike the killing of Thomas Leroy Marston Categories Antagonists Characters Muggers Deceased Add category | [
"Alley Muggers",
"Paul Kersey"
] |
http://debhandkathyb.blogspot.com/2008/10/binary-choice-items_18.html | Selected Response Tests Saturday October 18 2008 BinaryChoice Items BinaryChoice Items This type of tests gives students two options to select from An example would be truefalse factopinion yesno rightwrong Pros and cons to this type of test A positive would be that it is fast and a student can answer many questions in a short amount of time A weakness would be that a student has a 5050 chance to get the correct answer However the more questions on a binary choice test the greater the accuracy A student can only be lucky so often before their luck wears out Guidelines for Binary Choice Items Phrase your items to suggest a wrong answer A question should not be so blatantly true or false A student who has not studied will guess the wrong answer if they have not obtained the knowledge Rarely use negative statements or double negatives When inserting not in a true statement a student is more than likely to put false even though they know the correct answer Focus on a single concept Never have a statement where of the question is right ant is wrong The presence of two concepts in a statement regardless if both are true or both are false is very difficult for a student to answer Have approximately equal numbers of true and false statements It doesnt have to be exactly half but should be close Keep item length similar for both true and false statements Teachers tend to make true statements lengthier You want to make sure that you construct your test in a way that is clear and easy for the students to understand You also want to make sure that it measures their knowledge and that no questions confuse the students and those who are guessing will have a tough time Posted by Deb Hadley at 329 AM No comments Subscribe to Post Comments Atom Followers Blog Archive 2008 3 October 3 Intro to Selective Response Tests BinaryChoice Items MultipleBinary Choice Items About Me Deb Hadley View my complete profile | [
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] |
http://debut.careers/insight/tell-us-an-interesting-fact-about-yourself-interview-icebreakers/ | Employability 1 year ago Article by Jessica Murray Tell us an interesting fact about yourself How to deal with interview icebreakers Are there any words more terrifying than Tell us an interesting fact about yourself Icebreakers like this are the worst the ones which put you on the spot and challenge you to be the most fantastically interesting and cool person possible in 02 seconds flat Theres two likely scenarios these can crop up in Firstly during freshers week when youre being initiated into university life and trying to make as many friends as possible This is when its ideal to have a fun skill like the ability to say the alphabet backwards or do a back flip to pull out and wow the crowd Or if all else fails the time you successfully ate 20 chicken nuggets in one sitting or won the gold cup on Mario Kart will do But if this question is thrown in during an interview its a whole different ball game Often youre so caught up in showing off your knowledge of the company and your previous experience that a curveball question asking you to talk about yourself can leave you flummoxed So what do you do How do you respond questions like this on the spot and keep your cool Debut are here to save the day with our top tips Be prepared For every interview you go into you should prepare for all eventualities And that includes these icebreaker questions about yourself Obviously not every single employer is going to go down this route during an interview but you should be prepared for when they do Use our ideas below to craft the perfect answer about why youre an interesting and wellrounded candidate and practice answering the questions with a friend or family member Just try not to make it too over rehearsed you want it to come across natural and authentic after all Also take some time to think about the company youre applying to and its culture A very corporate and formal company would be expecting a very different answer to say a small startup business or a charity Think about your audience and aim for the right tone Think about your hobbies This is the most obvious route to go down but a hobby which might not seem that interesting to yourself might actually be really unique to someone else Whether youre involved in the performing arts ride horses are a Judo black belt or a national chess champion showing that you have interests and hobbies outside your academic studies and career will prove to your employer youre a more rounded person Try and keep it lighthearted and fun theyre asking you this question to try and get a better idea of your personality remember But also try and pick an example which shows off some skills at the same time So for example if your Quidditch team yes this is an actual thing made it to the final round of the British Quidditch Cup also an actual thing talk about some of the teamwork and strategy planning you were involved with If youve performed in a show or organised a campaign these are things which will be both interesting to an Travel tales Now Im not talking about your family holiday to Spain here But if youve done some really interesting travelling perhaps by going to an unusual destination or carrying out some volunteering while abroad then this is definitely something you could bring up Dont say that you got really drunk at the Full Moon Party and woke up on the beach at 7am But do tell them that you stayed with a Berber tribe in the Sahara who introduced you to their traditional food and music You could talk about how interacting with other cultures changed your perception of society and how you dealt with the challenging climate The only pitfall here is that you risk sounding like one of those gap yah types and that could rub the interviewer up the wrong way But as long as you dont exaggerate and keep your answer precise and to the point your travel tales are potentially a really interesting way to show an employer who you really are Achievements big and small You might think that you havent achieved anything particularly noteworthy during your short time on this earth and that is totally ok You have your whole life ahead of you to make waves and you should never compare yourself to others However if you sat down and thought about it theres bound to have been a time when you achieved something won a football game wrote an exclusive for the student newspaper got a super high mark in an essay or were elected to a committee position in your society If youve got something impressive to whip out great But even a small achievement can be transformed into something interesting if you phrase it right and focus on how it helped develop your skills and change you as a person Remember its not what you say its how you say it Charity work Any form of volunteering or charity work is instantly going to get you extra brownie points in an interview If youve done something thats made a difference to someone elses life talk about what you learnt from the experience and how it challenged you Whether youve spent time working with children from disadvantaged backgrounds or volunteered at your local animal shelter helped provide food for homeless people or ran a marathon to raise money for Cancer Research these are the kind of interesting facts that will show an employer what kind of person you are Just remember to keep things specific Theyre asking for an interesting fact which means one particular example not a vague Ive done charity work before You need to single out an example that is going to wow and think about exactly how youre going to phrase it Do that take a deep breath and stay calm and youll be absolutely fine Search Graduate Jobs Connect with Debut on Twitter and for more careers insights More from this category For the full Insight section Download Debut today Debut is available to download in the iOS App Store Google Play Store | [
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http://decoverlykennels.com/ | DeCoverly Setters are the best testament to what 100 years of thoughtful dedicated breeding for a timeless ideal can accomplish Available Home to the worlds finest English Setters DeCoverly offers puppies and started dogs for sale year round Training Decoverly Kennels offer pointing dog retriever and allbreed obedience training Breeding Our breeding program is a significant part of the DeCoverly Difference Boarding 26 years of dog boarding experience offers you a safe comfortable environment for your dog THE DECOVERLY DIFFERENCE Hunting instinct and ability At the core of the DeCoverly Setter is more than a century of selective breeding for natural hunting instincts These instincts are comprised of scenting ability intelligence to learn how to handle birds and pointing instinct The DeCoverly Setter is a partner in the field rather than a servant that obeys because it must THE DECOVERLY DIFFERENCE Physical appearance and structure A DeCoverly Setter is an elegant athlete The design and integration of the dogs physical structural components such as depth of chest and the angulations of the shoulders and legs creates clean efficient movement This fluid graceful movement allows them to cover maximum ground with minimum effort THE DECOVERLY DIFFERENCE Personality and temperament DeCoverly breeds for a calm well mannered member of the family Our Setters have an abundance of affection for their owners and are wonderful with children They are not a hyperactive dog and are never aggressive We also breed for intelligence a known asset in the field but also a great benefit in the home Words can not express how happy we are to have Briar in our lives He is the most wonderful dog and is exceptional with our 19 month old son When the time comes we will certainly be back to add a new member to our family MG Michigan | [
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http://decoy.tvpassport.com/q_a/q-it-true-hunt-red-october-was-based-true-story | Q : Is it true that " The Hunt for Red October " was based on a true story ? Poor Okay Good Great Awesome Technically , it ' s based on a couple . Mainly , author Tom Clancy based his book ( turned into a hit film in 1990 ) on the real - life mutiny of Valery Sablin , the political officer aboard the highly - advanced Russian warship Storozhevoy ( which translates to English as Sentry ) in 1975 . Initial intelligence in the West , based on what little information made it through the Iron Curtain , suggested Sablin intended to defect , like Capt . Marko Ramius ( played by Sean Connery ) in " The Hunt for Red October . " But in fact , he intended instead to sail for Leningrad and launch a revolution against what he considered a corrupt Soviet regime that had strayed from true Communism . Some have also said that Clancy based other parts of his story - - specifically the covert , cloak - and - dagger style search - and - rescue operation - - on the story of the nuclear - armed Russian submarine K - 129 , which sank in the Pacific near Hawaii in 1968 . The Russians were reportedly unable to find it , but the Americans did in 1974 . The CIA launched Project Azorean , a top - secret operation to retrieve the wrecked sub that rested 3.1 miles down . That story leaked in the press in 1975 , which is likely where Clancy would have seen it . More information surfaced later , after the collapse of the Soviet Union and opening up of official files on both sides of the Cold War . These led to a rather spectacular suggestion by investigative journalist Kenneth Sewell in his book " Red Star Rogue , " that the K - 129 sank after attempting to launch a nuclear missile at Hawaii . Many experts , however , have disagreed with this theory . Have a question ? E - mail us at questions @ tvtabloid . com . Please include your name and town . Personal replies will not be provided . | [
"The Hunt for Red October",
"Tom Clancy"
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http://deearchers.com/ | Main Menu Home Come and Shoot Events Competitions School Program Photo Gallery Testimonial Book your Section Whos Online We have 1 guest online Latest News Book your section Facebook Come and Shoot Coaching School Program Popular Come and Shoot Coaching School Program Facebook Book your section ูุงุฏู ุฏุจู ูุฑู
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Dubai Archers was established over twenty years ago Its founder and current Chairman is Simon Linton In the early years there wasnt the luxury of an Archery Club in the region which meant Archers had to transport their equipment to wherever there was a safe place to shoot There followed a sixyear association with the Dubai Country Club which sadly ended due to closure leaving Dubai Archers without a shooting range yet again Sharjah Wanderers Golf Club came to our aid and offered us the means to reestablish our Archery Club We now have a great facility where we can shoot safely and in harmony with our Golfing friends Dubai Archers is entirely run by volunteers who are in fulltime employment within the UAE We dont employ staff within the club All enquirers and communication should be channeled to key club members via email SMS or phone during weekdays OUR AIM To solely promote the sport of Archery To provide a supervised and safe environment for all Archers To introduce beginners to this ancient sport and allow experienced Archers the opportunity to nurture and better their skills Our Services Schools Program Training Students will be tutored in the safety equipment use and preparation art of shooting at targets on the range and once proficient maybe give the opportunity of going on the field course All equipment will be provided by Dubai Archers It is proposed that there maybe a small competition The hope is that the three major Colleges will be taking vantage of this offer and may lead to inter college competitions Also there will be the opportunity for students to do Archery as part of their Duke of Edinburgh Awards Scheme There will be a minimum of 2 skilled archery instructors present throughout the sessions Parent will be required to sign a disclaimer form Criteria Age 10 Boys Girls welcome Up to 10 students Course duration 6 weeks dates to confirm and agree with School Sessions 1530 to 1700 other timings can be arranged Dubai Archers will provide all necessary equipment Recommend that students put on suntan and wear hats End of course inter college competition For further details please contact as at infodubaiarcherscom Poll December 2018 S M T W T F S 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 | [
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http://deep-river.com/project/lake-residences/pewaukee-lake-residence/ | Lake Residences Pewaukee Lake Residence The American summer is defined through variations on the shingle style . This Lake Residence embodies the laid back days of living by the water . Owners are restored and revitalized . Casual relaxation is paramount in surroundings that support and comfort one โ s spirit . The home with multiple level exposures is nestled into the hillside . The flow of the floor plan allows effortless entertaining where the people are the story of the day . The food preparation , beverage mixing and gaming are made easy through thoughtful architecture . The Arts and Crafts details were custom designed and reflect the owner โ s interests . As the moon rises over the lake the evening gives way to the crackling of the fire as the light reflects on the paneled screen porch ceiling . The day winds down and the architecture surrounds the memories as they become the foundation of our owners โ life . | [
"PEWAUKEE LAKE",
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http://deepakmakeyourown.blogspot.com/2011/05/how-to-produce-electricity-from.html | Make your Own . . . . . Wednesday , 4 May 2011 How to Produce Electricity from Vegetables How to Produce Electricity from Vegetables You can produce electricity from vegetables and fruits as a science experiment or just for fun . Potatoes are most commonly used , but apples , lemons and other vegetables can be used too . You will create an electric cell with the vegetable . Several cells hooked together is how batteries are made . Experimenting with different vegetables will make cells of various power that you can then compare . Difficulty : Easy Instructions things you ' ll need : Potato Galvanized nail Copper wire Headphones 1 Scrub the potato to remove any dirt . Dirt can get on the wires and prevent the current from flowing . 2 Stick the nail into the potato so that 1 inch still protrudes . Stick a 3 - or 4 - inch long copper wire 1 inch into the potato near the nail , but do n ' t let them touch . 3 Put on the headphones . Touch the tip of the headphone jack to the nail , then touch the copper wire to the metal at the top of the jack . You should hear a small click as the current flows . 4 Flowing electricity is formed from the liquid in the potato forming a current between the two different metals in the nail and wire . When you touch them to your headphone jack , you complete the circuit and hear the electricity click . Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Make Electricity from fruits Introduction : This project is one of the most famous electricity projects that can be performed successfully by most students in the age of 10 to 16 . It helps students to learn about producing electrical energy using chemical energy . Since the same method is used to get energy from many fruits and chemicals , this project has many names . Following are some of the other names or titles for this project : Fruit power or fruit battery Convert Chemical energy to electrical energy Potato battery or Lemon battery Procedure : Making electricity from chemicals is based on the same scientific principles on which all modern batteries work . You insert copper and zinc electrodes in an acidic liquid and produce some electricity from the chemical reaction between your electrodes and electrolyte . The electricity produced in this way can be displayed with a multi - meter that can show millivolts . It may also be able to produce enough electricity to get light . If you want to run or light up a device you must consider the voltage and current requirements of that device . Picture in the right shows 3 potato batteries connected in series so together they will produce enough voltage to light up a super bright LED type light source . Posted by deepak at 18 : 16 Email This BlogThis ! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest 1 comment : Unknown 13 October 2018 at 10 : 12 that was cool Reply Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to : Post Comments ( Atom ) | [
"Produce Electricity",
"Vegetables",
"science experiment"
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http://deerhunterforum.com/index.php?threads/hunting-pine-plantation-strategy-and-pointers.550/ | Forums Hunting Deer Hunting Hunting Pine PlantationStrategy and Pointers Discussion in Deer Hunting started by Keithw247 Aug 16 2016 Tags pine plantation Keithw247 Active Member Messages 125 Likes Received 99 Location South Carolina Lowcountry Our property is primarily planted pines with stands ranging from 15 25 years old I would guess I have been hunting logging decks that were cleared some failed food plots with feeders in them I rarely have mature bucks coming to the feeders on camera or while hunting After last season I moved my cameras from the feeders to game trails logging roads in the pine plantation and immediately started getting pictures of better bucks The undergrowth is very thick in the pines so hunting would be primarily on roads or fire lanes The neighbor property clear cut timber last year and the regrowth is now about 6 foot high junk not pines There is a lot of deer traffic going back and forth from that property to mine based on recent trail cam pics from along the property line Ive got one lock on stand and a couple of ladder stands to put in there I dont get out to the property to put corn out regularly hence the feeders but I dont think a feeder makes sense in tight spaces at least thats what Ive been told I would like to hear from some of you who have had success in this type of terrain Keithw247 Aug 16 2016 1 cutman Administrator Staff Member Messages 1282 Likes Received 979 Location South Carolina USDA Zone 89 You already have the right idea hunt roads or firebreaks Most people around here tend to set up stands at intersections so they can look 200 yards to the left front and right They might put a corn pile in each shooting lane I think those hunts are pretty boring but I understand why people do it You arent going to be able to hunt thick lowcountry woods any other way cutman Aug 16 2016 2 gut_pile Active Member Messages 143 Likes Received 110 Location Summerville SC Great deer hunting in well managed pines Wont do you a ton of good this year but can you burn the pines How tall is the brush gut_pile Aug 16 2016 3 Keithw247 Active Member Messages 125 Likes Received 99 Location South Carolina Lowcountry gut_pile said Great deer hunting in well managed pines Wont do you a ton of good this year but can you burn the pines How tall is the brush Our forester has told us he wants to burn parts of the property but I dont know the time frame We just had some fire lanes cut about 2 months ago in anticipation of burning The picture below is the fire lane and you can see the underbrush on the sides Keithw247 Aug 16 2016 4 Beechnut Member Messages 38 Likes Received 7 Hardiness Zone Chesterfield South Carolina My father in law hunts locations like this His secret is corn corn corn and give yourself a long wide shooting lane The only other factor with him is hes the only hunter on 200 acres Good luck Beechnut Aug 17 2016 5 Shack New Member Messages 18 Likes Received 7 Location Live in NW Fla Hunt in South Ala Some of our best hunting was after our pines were 5th row thinned Cut some shooting lanes as long as you feel comfortable shooting and hang a stand If you can put out corn I would Use good binoculars and watch the woods Have a good way in and out so as to not to spook deer Shack Aug 18 2016 6 Triple C WellKnown Member Messages 1176 Likes Received 1033 Location Northeast GA Zone 8a Keithw247 said Our forester has told us he wants to burn parts of the property but I dont know the time frame We just had some fire lanes cut about 2 months ago in anticipation of burning The picture below is the fire lane and you can see the underbrush on the sides Follow your foresters recommendation to burn Burning on a 2 to 3 year rotation will kill much of the competing hardwood stems and promote growth of native forbs and grasses The pic below is a stand of 27 yr old pine that gets burned every 2 to 3 years Lots of forbs and grasses Triple C Aug 18 2016 7 mthornton99 likes this Gator WellKnown Member Messages 619 Likes Received 281 Location Virginia Ive had good luck bushhogging lanes through my underbrush in my pines The deer will happily walk my new paths Just think about the location of the paths before you start cutting Gator Aug 19 2016 8 Drycreek WellKnown Member Messages 852 Likes Received 530 Location East Texas Good answers above My priority is accessing the stands without letting every deer in the area know you are there Doesnt make much difference where or what your set up is if you cant hunt it without alerting your targets I would try to turn those fire lanes into food plots also and when the timber is thinned the down rows make good plots Drycreek Aug 20 2016 9 You must log in or sign up to reply here Share This Page Forums Hunting Deer Hunting Members Online Now jimhazel123 Charlieyca HB_Hunter E_308 Baker Total 113 members 8 guests 53 robots 52 moderators are listed in blue | [
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http://deerpointesc.com/contact-us/ | Contact Us Deer Pointe Surgical Center 6503 Deer Pointe Drive Suite A Salisbury MD 21804 Office 4103419002 | [
"Deer Pointe Surgical Center"
] |
http://defalcochiropractic.com/2013/06/12/how-to-properly-apply-ice-and-heat-for-lower-back-pain/ | How to Properly Apply Ice and Heat for Lower Back Pain June 12 , 2013 by DeFalco Family Chiropractic No matter what kind of injury you โ ve sustained , adding ice and heat is an important part in beginning the process to alleviate your pain . Ice and heat help the injured areas to relax and promote proper blood flow through the veins . Both the ice and heat when used together can drastically slim down or even diminish any pain . When heat is applied , it opens up the veins and allows more blood and oxygen to flow through . The wide flow of oxygen helps to soothe the pain . When ice is applied , it has the adverse effect of heat . The cold causes the veins to slim and ultimately flex the muscles . This reduces the inflammation causing the pain Switching between the two can also help to speed up the healing process . Most doctors recommend that you begin by using ice to shock the muscles and veins , and then use the heat to soothe them . For some tips on how to make the best use of these methods , head over to backpainrelief . net How to Use Ice and Heat Therapy for Lower Back Pain Using heat or ice therapy is often used as a preliminary treatment for back pain . By regularly adding heat or ice to the affected area , pain can often be relieved temporarily , and in some cases , for good . The best part of using ice or heat for back pain is that you can often do it with items already in your home . Read on to see why back pain occurs and how these tips can help you use ice or heat for your back pain relief . How Does Heat Therapy Work ? When placing a heated object on the skin , this starts a process called vasodialation , which enlarges the blood vessels and relaxes the muscles . Healing nutrients and oxygen rush to the affected area to help it heal . This improved blood flow also helps cellular waste exit the area more efficiently , enabling your muscles to do likewise . Heat therapy can be administered through many forms , such as hot water packs , hot stone , or warm towels . Soaking in hot baths is another popular form of heat therapy that is regularly used by back pain sufferers and anyone looking for relaxation . How Does Cold Therapy Work ? By contrast , cold therapy works through vasoconstriction , or a narrowing of the blood vessels . When this occurs , it flexes the muscles and reduces the inflammation that is causing the pain . Cold therapy is most commonly done through ice packs or short amounts of time in ice baths . Heat It When using heat or ice for back pain , it may help to know that moist heat is more effective for back pain relief than dry heat . This can be achieved through a warm bath or shower . A moist heating pad can also work to provide relief . Other options to warm the lower back include hot water bottles and microwaveable cloth bags filled with rice . It โ s important to apply heat for only a limited amount of time . Fifteen to 20 minutes of moist heat can often provide the temporary relief needed at the moment . For chronic lower back pain , all - day heat wraps are available and can be worn and reheated throughout the day for constant relief . Cool It For cooling a sore or inflamed area of the back , an ice bag , freezer gel pack , or a bag of frozen vegetables are great ways to use ice for back pain . It is possible to buy an ice bag at most pharmacies . If a special ice bag is not available , put ice cubes in a plastic bag that zips and apply it to the pained area . You may also want to put the ice pack in a cloth pouch or a towel to prevent it from leaking . Towels can also be soaked Cold packs should be used at least three times a day for 10 - 15 minutes a time to reduce inflammation , swelling , and pain . It can be used in conjunction with heat therapy for the best possible relaxation of muscles and joints . Alternating Hot and Cold Therapies In some cases , choosing either heat or ice for back pain may not provide enough relief . It can be helpful to use heat and ice together . By rotating between each type of temperature therapy , you can increase the likelihood of reducing pain by lowering inflammation and loosening muscles simultaneously . Most physicians recommend using ice before heat . The ice temporarily shocks the muscles to attention while the heat loosens and relaxes . Pain relief ointments , such as Icy Hot , are found in many pharmacies and use this same concept by cooling the area first before applying heat . This provides the best way for muscles to relax and the pain to subside . Precautionary Measures Using ice or heat for back pain is generally a safe , do - it - yourself treatment . However , it should n โ t be considered a treatment method on its own . In most cases , back pain should be paired with medication and exercises to fully relieve the pain . When using heat , watch for redness and discomfort . Avoid using it for more than 15 - 20 minutes at a time . You should also place a layer of cloth between the heating pack and the skin to protect it from burning . The same goes for ice packs ; place the ice towel or bag around an absorbent cloth to prevent the condensation from freezing onto your skin . Likewise , refrain from using it for longer than 10 - 15 minutes . Heat or ice for back pain relief can help alleviate the pain many adults experience on a regular basis . Using these therapies alongside other treatment methods , as well as consulting with a qualified medical practitioner , are the best ways to get on track with a healthier , pain - free back . While using ice and heat packs on an injured area are helpful in remedying pain , they are not the only way to alleviate back pain . Having the inflamed area examined and treated properly by a professional chiropractic will ensure that the pain subsides and heals in due time . Filed Under : Back Tips Chiropractic Care Chiropractic Care and Wellness Health & Wellness Health Tips Tagged With : Back Tips Chiropractic Care & Wellness Chronic Pain | [
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http://defeathiv.org/berlin/ | About Us Program Overview Martin Delaney Collaboratory Berlin Patient In the News Our Team Investigators Institutions Scientific Advisory Board Research Endeavors Scientific Overview Research Projects Research Cores Clinical Studies Information Eligibility Criteria HIVonTrial Publications Join Us What We Are Up Against Sign Up for Our Newsletter Contact News Berlin Patient Timothy Brown photo by Peter Rigaud Timothy Brown also known as The Berlin Patient is thought to be the only individual cured of HIV Originally from Seattle Washington Brown was pursuing his studies in Berlin Germany when he was diagnosed with HIV in 1995 After controlling the virus for many years with antiretroviral therapy Brown was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia AML and in 2007 underwent stem cell transplantation after unsuccessful chemotherapy Of the HLAmatched donors his Berlin doctors chose an unrelated donor who screened positive for the homozygous CCR532 mutation Despite enduring complications and undergoing a second transplant from the same donor in 2008 the outcome was ultimately a success Nearly eight years after his transplant Brown remains free of both his cancer The implications of this extraordinary medical achievement are many If indeed Timothy Brown has been functionally cured of his HIV infection he then has provided us with a blueprint from which to work In fact much of our ongoing research endeavors were inspired by the biological mechanisms likely exploited to bring about this breakthrough By reverse engineering his pathway to cure we hope to recapitulate his success and develop a feasible therapy approach that would be available to the vast majority of HIVinfected individuals Timothy Browns life has inspired our efforts to defeatHIV and we believe his remarkable story is a prelude of success yet to come in the pursuit of an HIV cure Lean more about Timothy Brown wwwcureaidsreportorg Timothy Ray Brown the accidental AIDS icon New England Journal of Medicine Brief Report Get Our Newsletter Join our newsletter and stay uptodate Contact Us infodefeatHIVorg Contact Form | [
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"Timothy Brown",
"HIV"
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http://defective-drug-litigation.lawyers.com/pradaxa/long-term-impact-of-pradaxa-use.html | Get Started Find a Lawyer Understand your issue By Practice Area By Location Ask a lawyer Ask a Lawyer Lawyer Blogs Log In Build Your Business Legal Professionals : Build Your Business By Practice Area Bankruptcy Business Law Criminal Law Employee Benefits Family Law Immigration Insurance Intellectual Property Labor & Employment Law Medical Malpractice Personal Injury More + By Location California Florida Georgia Illinois Michigan New Jersey New York Ohio Pennsylvania Texas Washington More + Ask a Lawyer Lawyer Blogs Personal Injury Blog Automobile Accidents Blog Administrative Law Blog Criminal Law Blog Family Law Blog Divorce Blog More Lawyers Blogs Free , Personalized Answers From Expert Lawyers Lawyers from our extensive network ready to answer your question . 0 out of 150 characters Home Personal Injury Types Of Personal Injury Claims Defective Products Prescription Drugs Prescription Drugs NEED PROFESSIONAL HELP ? Talk to an attorney How It Works Briefly tell us about your case Provide your contact information Choose attorneys to contact you Legal Professionals Build Your Business Lawyer Login Register Other Resources Martindale - Hubbell Nolo TotalAttorneys Canadian - lawyers Connect with Us Lawyers . com is part of the Martindale Network Copyright ยฉ 2018 Internet Brands , Inc . The information provided on this site is not legal advice , does not constitute a lawyer referral service , and no attorney - client or confidential relationship is or should be formed by use of the site . The attorney listings on the site are paid attorney advertisements . Your access of / to and use of this site is subject to additional Supplemental Terms Sign In ร Email already activated . Sign in with your Lawyers . com credentials below . | [
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http://defensetax.com/when-why-would-you-need-an-irs-tax-attorney-the-inside-scoop/ | When And Why Would You Need An IRS Tax Attorney โ The Inside Scoop What can it mean if my name comes up before this powerful agency ? Do I need a lawyer ? When you have IRS tax problems , it is very important to handle that very carefully . IRS tax matters are very crucial and sensitive issue and a slight mistake in the process can cost you very dearly in the form of loss of money , time , can get you frustrated and may land you in jail . The tax laws and the legalities involved in the process of tax settlement of your IRS taxes can be very complex and you may not understand it at all . There would be many questions pounding your mind at this stage such as : 1 . Should I hire an irs tax relief attorney if I am facing an IRS audit ? 2 . Is hiring an attorney expensive ? 3 . When should I hire a tax attorney to represent me in my IRS tax debt dispute ? 4 . Can i Really Settle my Tax Debt with the IRS for Pennies on the Dollar ? 5 . Should i lawyer up against the IRS or not ? โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ and many more โฆ โฆ โฆ โฆ . . Suggested Read What is Tax ( defination ) and its types ? In this article , you will get all your questions answered . When you want to save yourself and your business from IRS penalties interest and possible criminal actions ( including jail terms ) , it is best to hire an expert in tax representation , who will be able to handle your situation better . The tax lawyer , CPA or the IRS licensed enrolled agent understands everything about the tax laws and they know what to do in different situations . They have the expertise to devise a specific plan of action for your case and follow it for implementation . Tax representatives are trained , licensed and experienced to handle the technicalities involved in the tax resolution and settlement process . Most taxpayers feel a chill about dealing with the IRS . It โ s likely worse today than a few months back . Acting Commissioner Danny Werfel โ s report outlines actions to fix problems at the IRS . But many will continue to wonder . Reasons to Hire a Tax Attorney Reason One โ Exemption from testifying If you are in trouble with the IRS only an irs tax attorney can give you the attorney - client privilege . Why is the attorney - client privilege important for tax law cases ? Easy โ your attorney is exempt from testifying against you . That โ s right , should your tax liability case go to trial , and you have chosen to work with a CPA or tax preparer for help , your CPA could actually be made to testify against you ! Reason Two โ Able to Make the Right Decisions Only a Tax lawyer will have the experience in achieving tax settlements . While a CPA may be familiar with some tax settlement programs , they will not have a full understanding of the ins and outs of the various programs . Tax laws and codes are complex and many times change yearly . In addition there are many programs available a troubled taxpayer can use to settle or reduce the amount of tax liability owed but only an experienced tax attorney will know how to qualify you and to determine both the best program to use . Being under collections process from the IRS is a dangerous time and the wrong advice can be very costly . Do not take any chances with your financial future , hire an irs tax attorney and get IRS Tax Relief When should I hire a tax attorney ? Needing to hire a tax attorney probably means you are in some hot water with the IRS for one reason or another . The tax attorney you choose can either correct the problem or make it a million times worse . This is why certain questions need to be asked before you hire the attorney . You want to make sure you have someone knowledgeable , truthful and working for you , and not against , on your side . Find the tax attorney who is going to cool that hot water for you . . There are deadlines where issues must be resolved to avoid further penalties and the poor lines of communication with the IRS do not help in the resolution of your issues . If the IRS ignores your attempts to correct the mistakes , it is time to contact an attorney . An attorney can draft your letters to the IRS in a more direct way that is guaranteed to get the IRS โ s attention . Additionally , most tax attorneys have direct contact information for the necessary branches of the IRS where matters should be handled and can negotiate matters IRS Tax Disputes Most tax disputes arise in the form of an audit of one or several past tax returns . If the IRS notifies you of an audit , you should hire a tax attorney immediately . Your tax relief attorney can communicate with the IRS on your behalf , be present during your audit and help negotiate a settlement , if necessary . Having experienced legal counsel helps ensure that you do n โ t overpay as a result of your audit . In some instances , taxpayers ignore letters and warnings from the IRS because they โ re scared or do n โ t know how to respond . In those cases , the IRS may have no choice but to threaten you with criminal charges for tax evasion . If you learn that you โ re the target of an IRS criminal investigation , you โ ll want to hire a tax lawyer โ and do it quickly . Your tax lawyer can reassure the IRS that you โ re taking its investigation seriously , work with the IRS in an effort to help you avoid criminal charges and represent you in court if you are charged with a tax crime . Suggested Read What is a Back Tax ? and How to Negotiate Back Taxes With IRS ? EMI Calculators Offer in Compromise An offer in compromise โ โ OIC โ โ is an agreement between a taxpayer and the IRS that settles the taxpayer โ s tax liabilities for less than the full amount owed . The IRS will accept your OIC only if you convince it that : you are n โ t able to pay the full amount in a reasonable time , either as a lump sum or over time through a payment agreement there is doubt as to the amount of your tax liability ( unusual ) , or due to exceptional circumstances , payment in full would cause an โ economic hardship โ or be โ unfair โ or โ inequitable โ โ for example , you ca n โ t work due to health problems , or you โ d be left with no money to pay your basic living expenses if you sold your assets to pay your tax bill in full . If you are unable to pay your federal tax debt , the IRS offers a way to get a new start called an Offer in Compromise . The Streamline IRS Offer in Compromise program is straightforward with specific criteria and open lines of communication . This program is very manageable for any taxpayer to handle themselves . However , those who do not qualify for the Streamline Offer in Compromise program should consider hiring a tax attorney to handle their IRS negotiations . The IRS has up to two years to accept or reject an Offer in Compromise and the IRS Form 656 , Offer in Compromise and pay a $ 150 nonrefundable application fee . For full details on the OIC program , see the IRS Form 656 Booklet , available at www . irs . gov . Tax evasion and tax fraud are criminal offenses that the IRS charges citizens with when they refuse to file tax returns , pay taxes , or reveal all of their sources of income . These criminal charges bring with them fines , interest on tax owed , prosecution fees , incarceration , and public humiliation . Your name , city , state , and crime are all published on the IRS website . If you have been negotiating with the IRS and two agents come to your office or home to ask further questions , it is time to hire Know that lawyers are bound by strict confidentiality rules . Even if you end up hiring a different attorney , the lawyers you meet with can not share the information they learned with the IRS or anyone else . Some questions to consider : How Long the Firm Has Been In Business ? If you know how long a firm or tax attorney has been in business , then you know how much experience they have . You want an attorney that is seasoned in their profession and that is used to dealing with the IRS . Does the Attorney Make You Feel Like You are at a Used Car Lot ? If your attorney uses the sale pitch technique to gain your trust and reverence , then you need to run out the door . Any attorney who needs to sell themselves with gimmicks and flashy talk is overcompensating for their lack of success . Does the Tax Attorney or Law Firm Want All of Your Money Up Front ? If you answered that with a big fat yes , then you need to run from this law firm . A good attorney would never request all of your money up front . A retainer yes , but not all of the money . When you pay an attorney everything at once , this does n โ t serve as an incentive to go that extra mile for you . Meeting a Lawyer : Things to Consider When Hiring an Attorney What Questions Should I Ask Before Hiring a Tax Attorney ? : How long have you been practicing law ? Do you just practice tax law , or do you also work in other areas of practice ? Have you previously handled tax situations similar to mine ? What โ s your assessment of my situation ? What works for me and against me ? If I hired you , what course of action would you recommend ? Do you charge a flat fee or hourly rate , or do you use some other billing structure ? Can you estimate my total legal fees ? Now , that you have finalised your tax attorney , you should have an overview of the process which IRS follows . A tax lawyer can help in getting the IRS to accept an offer in compromise . To make this determination , the IRS looks at your income and assets to determine your โ reasonable collection potential . โ You must provide detailed information about your financial situation on IRS Form 433 - A Collection Information Statement This includes verifiable information about your cash , investments , available credit , assets , income , and credit card debt consolidation . In addition to property , the RCP also includes your anticipated future income , less amounts allowed for basic living expenses . The amount of your offer must be equal to the โ realizable value โ of your assets plus the amount of money the IRS could take from your future income . For example , if your assets are worth $ 20,000 and the amount of your future income that โ s available to the IRS is $ 10,000 , your minimum offer must be $ 30,000 . Related : Hire a Tax Attorney IRS audit IRS Debt Relief irs tax attorney irs tax debt IRS Tax Debt Settlement IRS Tax Disputes irs tax help IRS tax problems irs tax relief Offer in Compromise Settle Your Tax Debt with IRS Tax relief tax settlement attorney | [
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http://defensewiki.ibj.org/index.php/Trespass | Trespass navigation search Contents 1 Background 2 Model Penal Code 3 Variation by Jurisdiction 3.1 California 3.2 Florida 3.3 Virginia 4 Common Defenses to Civil Trespass 4.1 Illustrations of Civil Defense Cases 5 Common Defenses to Criminal Trespass 6 Foreign Code 6.1 United Kingdom 6.2 South Africa 7 References Background Black โ s Law Dictionary defines trespassing as , โ An unlawful act committed against the person or property of another ; especially , wrongful entry on another ' s real property . โ In addition to this definition , the dictionary defined trespass in more specific subsections due to the broadness of the term . These classifications are : Continuing Trespass : A trespass in the nature of a permanent invasion on another ' s rights , such as a sign that overhangs another ' s property . Criminal Trespass : 1 ) A trespass on property that is clearly marked against trespass by signs or fences . 2 ) A trespass in which the trespasser remains on the property after being ordered off by a person authorized to do so . Innocent Trespass : A trespass committed either unintentionally or in good faith . Joint Trespass : A trespass that two or more persons have united in committing , or that some have actually committed while others commanded , encouraged , or directed it . Nolo โ s Plain - English Law Dictionary states that trespass can be presented in court as either a tort or a crime . The dictionary states that trespass is considered a crime if it is done willfully , while it is a tort if the defendant commits a civil wrong which the plaintiff could sue over . Model Penal Code The Model Penal Code ( MPC ) ยง 221.2 separates criminal trespass into two categories and outlines ramifications of the crime : Buildings and Occupied Structures : A person commits an offense if , knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so , he enters or surreptitiously remains in any building or occupied structure , or separately secured or occupied portion thereof . An offense under this Subsection is a misdemeanor if it is committed in a dwelling at night . Otherwise it is a petty misdemeanor . Defiant Trespasser : A person commits an offense if , knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so , he enters or remains in any place as to which notice against trespass is given by : actual communication to the actor ; or posting in a manner prescribed by law or reason - ably likely to come to the attention of intruders ; or fencing or other enclosure manifestly designed to exclude intruders . An offense under this subsection constitutes a petty misdemeanor if the offender defies an order to leave personally communicated to him by the owner of the premises or other authorized person . Otherwise it is a violation . Variation by Jurisdiction California Title 14 , Section 602 of the California Penal Code defines trespassing as , โ entering someone else ' s property with the intent to damage that property , entering someone else ' s property with the intent to interfere with or obstruct the business activities conducted thereon , entering and " occupying " another ' s property without permission , and refusing to leave private property after you ' ve been asked to do so . โ On top of this the California Penal Code adds two elements that must be satisfied to establish trespassing , these elements are willfully willfully enter someone else ' s property , โ and , โ with the specific intent to interfere with that person ' s property rights . โ Trespassing violations in California are most frequently prosecuted as misdemeanors and convictions can result in six months in a county jail and a maximum $ 1,000 fine . However certain violations will only constitute an infraction on ones first offense , an example of this is ignoring a โ no trespassing โ sign one time without causing any damage to the property . Florida Title 46 , Chapter 810.09 of the Florida Statutes , states that one commits the offense of trespass , on property other than a structure or conveyance , when , โ A person who , without being authorized , licensed , or invited , willfully enters upon or remains in any property where notice against entering or remaining is given , either by actual communication to the offender or by posting , fencing , or cultivation as described in s . 810.011 . โ The perpetrator can be charged with a first - degree misdemeanor if they ignore an order to leave or if they willfully open any door , gate , or fence that exposes the property . Under section 775.082 , this offense is punishable by a non state - prison sanction . However , if the offender is armed with a dangerous weapon during his criminal act of trespass , then they are guilty of a third degree felony . Section 775.083 states that this act is punishable by a 5,000 dollar five , a maximum prison sentence of 5 years , or both . Virginia If any person without authority of law goes upon or remains upon the lands , buildings or premises of another , or any portion or area thereof , after having been forbidden to do so , either orally or in writing , by the owner , lessee , custodian , or the agent of any such person , or other person lawfully in charge thereof , or after having been forbidden to do so by a sign or signs posted by or at the direction of such persons or the agent of any such person or by the holder of Common Defenses to Civil Trespass There are four main defenses for trespassing : easement , estoppel , necessity and consent . Easement is the legal right to use the property of another when it is not in your possession . The court broadened this term in a New York appellate court decision and declared that an easement granted in general terms must be construed to include any reasonable use which is lawful . Estoppel is when a person who has a duty to speak or act , intentionally or negligently through their action or inaction , made another believe in the existence of a fact that did not exist , and another acted by relying on that act or omission . A defendant can invoke necessity if in an emergency they trespass in order to protect the interests of others or themselves . While the defendant wo n โ t be liable for trespassing , they can still be held accountable for any harm done to the property as caused by the trespass . Trespassing is allowed if the entry to the property is with the consent or license of the person who has a legal ownership of the property or land . This defense has two elements that must be proven on the side of the plaintiff though : 1 ) there was a voluntary acceptance of an intentionally tortuous act , 2 ) with full knowledge or understanding of the consequence . Illustrations of Civil Defense Cases Easement would be the county sheriff entering the property of another to deliver a summons . An example of estoppel would be if Person A asked Person B if it was okay to enter his land and Person B said nothing , thus allowing Person A onto his land by his inaction . Necessity would be entering a nearby house to take cover from a drive by shooting . However if you break a door getting into the house one would be liable for damages to the door , but not for trespassing . An example of consent would be asking for permission to enter the premises of a building and the legal owner agreeing to let you in . Common Defenses to Criminal Trespass Criminal trespassing is a misdemeanor offense throughout the United States . Unlike with civil trespass , a criminal defendant can not be convicted of trespass without proof beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant not only entered upon the property in question , but did so with knowledge that he was forbidden to do so . There are several common fact patterns in a trespassing case . First , a large category of cases involve a defendant entering upon property that is marked with signage forbidding entry onto the property between certain hours . In such cases , it is Foreign Code United Kingdom In the UK a police officer has the power to take a person off another โ s land or property if : they are present there and seemingly residing for any period of time , reasonable steps have been taken by or on behalf of the legal owner to ask them to leave , and if those persons have caused damage to the land or property . A person guilty of this offense is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale , or South Africa The Trespass Act 6 of 1959 states that any person who , without the permission of the lawful occupier , owner , or person in charge of any land , building , or part of a building , enters into any of the previously stated premises shall be guilty of trespass unless he has lawful reason to enter the property . This offense is punishable by a fine not exceeding 2000 rand , a maximum prison sentence of 2 years , or both . References | [
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http://deffinition.co.uk/mollys-game-player-x/ | Molly โ s Game | Who Is Player X ? Posted on January 8 , 2018 by deffinition Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available . Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video . Player X True Identity Aaron Sorkin โ s latest film โ Molly โ s Game โ tells the autobiographical tale of Molly Bloom . The so - called Poker Princess that ran underground poker tournaments attracting all types of individuals from Hollywood โ s rich and famous to the Russian Mob . Unsurprisingly the movie sticks very close to reality and Sorkin even went so far as consulting Bloom throughout the screen writing process . One of the most intriguing aspects of the film is the identity of Player X . Whilst never specifically named in the film , there are several possibilities as to who it could be . On the surface Player X is a high profile Hollywood actor who does his best to derail Molly โ s Game and shuns her for not acting upon his sexual advances . One of the boldest , most infuriating villains of the year โ a baby - faced young movie star who belittles Jessica Chastain โ s anti - hero Molly Bloom at every turn , he takes pride in destroying lives and eventually puts an end to Bloom โ s high - stakes poker enterprise , forcing her to up sticks and regroup on the other side of the country . Celebrity Fan Theory Whilst within Molly โ s book actors such as Leonardo DiCaprio Matt Damon and Ben Affleck are heavily mentioned many have taken the inspiration for the Antagonist to be Tobey Maguire In her memoir , Maguire โ s name comes up a lot and not always in the nicest way . He was an avid player and responsible for bringing certain players to the table originally run by Molly โ s former boss , nicknamed Dean Keith . The movie also implies that Player X had a lot of the power and brought heavy hitters in and that when Molly ( Jessica Chastain ) takes over the game it is his approval she needs to successfully pull off the coup . In Molly โ s book , she claims that Maguire was integral to the setting up of her table and even lent her his own personal card shuffling machine to speed up hands . This detail was n โ t included in the movie or the fact that he allegedly asked her to bark like a seal in order to get a $ 1000 chip . Maguire was even nicknamed โ Hannibal Lector โ by Molly due to his persona at the table . The film also showcases that Molly โ s game was stolen by Player X , something the real Molly accused Maguire of . On the page , Bloom claims the actor started getting upset about the money she was making from tips so ended up telling his celeb pals to host their own game instead . In the film , Player X steals her game after Molly calls him out for running another player at her table and potentially ruining its integrity . โ You โ re so f โ It Could Be Anyone โ Aaron Sorkin says that Player X is n โ t just one person , that he is an amalgamation of several celebrities who Molly wrote about . However , there seems to be another nod to it being Tobey ; one of the insults Molly directs at Player X is calling him a โ green - screen sh * t โ and we all know how much Maguire was familiar with when he played Spider - Man Maguire has yet to comment publicly about Molly โ s Game . Thank You Thanks very much for taking the time to check out my video on Mollys Game . I thought the film was really well acted and directed and definitely recommend that you go and check it out at the cinema . If you โ ve already seen it let me know what you thought of the film and also who you think Player X is based on . You can check out more of my film theories at Deffinition . co . uk which is linked in the description and make sure you subscribe to my channel to check out all Filed under : Movie Reviews โ Previous Post Next Post โ Leave a Comment You must be logged in to post a comment . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Medical/kt | Home Medical KT What does KT mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of KT explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . KT Stands For : Kidney Trouble | Klippel - Trenaunay syndrome What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of KT is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Medical/poc | Home Medical POC What does POC mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of POC explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . POC Stands For : persistent organohalogen compound | postoperative care | primary olfactory cortex | progestin - only oral contaceptive | proof of concept ( ! ) | Plan Of Care | Point Of Care | Products Of Conception | Pain On Contact | Primary Olfactory Complex | progestin - only contraceptive | Previously Owned Cat What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of POC is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Medical/sucr | Home Medical SUCR What does SUCR mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of SUCR explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . SUCR Stands For : Sucrose accumulator What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of SUCR is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Medical/tia | Home Medical TIA What does TIA mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of TIA explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . TIA Stands For : temporary injury allowance | thrombosis - inducing activity | total intestinal aganglionosis | trabecular iris angle | Traffic Impact Assessment | transient ischaemic attack | Transient Ischaemic Attackor | trypsin inhibitor activity | tumour - induced angiogenesis | Transient Ischemic Attack | transient ischemic attack | Transient Ischemic Attack | Trouble In Arteries What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of TIA is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Miscellaneous/instigate | Home Miscellaneous INSTIGATE What does INSTIGATE mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of INSTIGATE explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . INSTIGATE Stands For : instigated What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of INSTIGATE is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Studies/blob | Home Studies BLOB What does BLOB mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of BLOB explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . BLOB Stands For Binary Large Object What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of BLOB is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . Main menu Home Banking Business Category Page : Business Full Form Studies Category Page : Studies Full Form Computing Category Page : Computing Full Form Internet Category Page : Internet Full Form Medical Category Page : Medical Full Form Governmental Category Page : Governmental Full Form Regional Category Page : Regional Full Form Miscellaneous Category Page : Miscellaneous Full Form Community Category Page : Community Full Form | [
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http://definitionmeaning.com/Studies/dhmo | Home Studies DHMO What does DHMO mean ? This page is all about the meaning , abbreviation and acronym of DHMO explaining the definition or meaning and giving useful information of similar terms . DHMO Stands For DiHydrogen MonOxide What is There may be more than one meaning of , so check it out all meanings of one by one . definition / means ? The Definition of DHMO is given above so check it out related information . What is the meaning of The meaning of the is also explained earlier . Till now you might have got some idea about the acronym , abbreviation or meaning of . What does mean ? is explained earlier . You might also like some similar terms related to to know more about it . | [
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http://definitionofdance.com/ | Welcome to our website Definition of Dance , Inc . was founded in 2002 by Jacqueline Cash and Whitney Cash - Spence . They bring over 20 years of teaching experience . The studio ' s primary focus is to offer the joy of dancing to any interested student regardless of age or ability . The studios dance philosophy was carefully designed to encourage and develop the interests and talents of the individual performers in each of the various classes . Dance classes follow a structured plan which are taught by qualified instructors who teach not only principles of dance but principles of life Definition of Dance , Inc . has focused on staying on the cutting edge of dance . All staff members attend conventions and classes regularly in order to bring back the latest techniques to the students . Calendar Apr 2019 wk Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 17 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 18 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 19 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Today 02 45 pm Upcoming Events Register for the upcoming year ! Like Us On Facebook | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/a/animal-cruelty/ | USLegal Legal Definitions A Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Law and Legal Definition Acts of violence or neglect perpetrated against animals are considered animal cruelty . Animal cruelty laws vary by state , and violations may constitute a felony or a misdemeanor , depending on the jurisdiction . Many animal cruelty laws specifically exclude accepted animal husbandry practices involving farm animals , animals used in research , and lawful hunting and trapping of wildlife . Some states have training and reporting programs for social workers who suspect animal abuse during the course of their work in domestic violence and child abuse and some states provide immunity to veterinarians who report suspected abuse . Generally , animal cruelty can be divided into two categories : neglect and intentional cruelty . Examples of intentional cruelty include , among others , overt abuse , when an individual purposely inflicts physical harm or injury on an animal , dog fighting and cock fighting . Acts of neglect include companion animals being neglected or denied basic necessities of care , such as food , water , shelter , or veterinary care . The following is an example of a state statute dealing with cruelty to animals : " A ) No person shall : ( 1 ) Torture an animal , deprive one of necessary sustenance , unnecessarily or cruelly beat , needlessly mutilate or kill , or impound or confine an animal without supplying it during such confinement with a sufficient quantity of good wholesome food and water ; ( 2 ) Impound or confine an animal without affording it , during such confinement , access to shelter from wind , rain , snow , or excessive direct sunlight if it can reasonably be expected that the animals would otherwise become sick or in some other way suffer . Division ( A ) ( 2 ) of this section does not apply to animals impounded or confined prior to slaughter . For the purpose of this section , shelter means a man - made enclosure , windbreak , sunshade , or natural windbreak or sunshade that is developed from ( 3 ) Carry or convey an animal in a cruel or inhuman manner ; ( 4 ) Keep animals other than cattle , poultry or fowl , swine , sheep , or goats in an enclosure without wholesome exercise and change of air , * nor or feed cows on food that produces impure or unwholesome milk ; ( 5 ) Detain livestock in railroad cars or compartments longer than twenty - eight hours after they are so placed without supplying them with necessary food , water , and attention , nor permit such stock to be so crowded as to overlie , crush , wound , or kill each other . ( B ) Upon the written request of the owner or person in custody of any particular shipment of livestock , which written request shall be separate and apart from any printed bill of lading or other railroad form , the length of time in which such livestock may be detained in any cars or compartment without food , water , and attention , may be extended to thirty - six hours without penalty therefor . This section does not prevent the dehorning of cattle . ( C ) All fines collected for violations of this section shall be paid to the society or association for the prevention of cruelty to animals , if there be such in the county , township , or municipal corporation where such violation occurred . " Animals used for fighting purposes are subject to state laws , which vary by state . For example , the following is an example of a state law that allows confisction of dogs used for fighting purposes . Local laws should be consulted for specific requirements in your area : " ( 16 ) An animal that has been used to fight in violation of this section or that is involved in a violation of subsections ( 8 ) to ( 14 ) shall be confiscated as contraband by a law enforcement officer and shall not be returned to the owner , trainer , or possessor of the animal . The animal shall be taken to a local humane society or other animal welfare agency . If an animal owner , trainer , or possessor is convicted under subsection ( 2 ) or subsections ( 8 ) to ( 14 Legal Definition list Animal at Large Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Act Animal Abandonment Animal Animal Cruelty Animal Damage Control Act Animal Drug Availability Act Animal Drug Product [ Food and Drugs ] Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003 [ ADUFA ] Animal Enterprise Related Legal Terms Animal Animal Abandonment Animal Act Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal at Large Animal Damage Control Act Animal Drug Availability Act Animal Drug Product [ Food and Drugs ] Animal Drug User Fee Act of 2003 [ ADUFA ] Animal Enterprise | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/b/bailee/ | USLegal Legal Definitions B Bailee Bailee Law and Legal Definition A bailee is a person who receives possession of a property or goods through a contract of bailment . Unlike a contract of sale , the bailee has to return the goods or property to the bailor , under a contract of bailment . A bailee is responsible for the safekeeping and return of the property to the bailor or otherwise disposing it off according to the contract of bailment . A bailee is also referred to as a custodian . The bailee owes a duty of care towards the property or the goods of the bailor , when the Legal Definition list Bailable Process Bailable Offense Bail - Point Scale Bail Skipping Bail Schedule Bailee Bailee Coverage Bailee Policy Bailiff Bailiff of Franchises Bailiwick | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/b/business/ | USLegal Legal Definitions B Business Business Law and Legal Definition Business law encompasses the law governing contracts , sales , commercial paper , agency and employment law , business organizations , property , and bailments . Other popular areas include insurance , wills and estate planning , and consumer and creditor protection . Business law may include issues such as starting , selling , or buying a small business , managing a business , dealing with employees , or dealing with contracts , among others . The Uniform Commercial Code ( UCC ) , which governs sales and commercial paper , has been adopted in some form by almost all states . There are agencies at the state and federal level which adminster the law in such issues such as employment affairs and consumer and credit protection . The laws aim to protect fair business practices and due process rights for aggrieved workers and others . Legal Definition list Bushel Bush Doctrine Burton Error Bursting - Bubble Theory Burnt - Records Act Business Business Appraisers Business Arrangement Business Assets Business Associate [ Public Welfare ] Business Associations Related Legal Terms Affected Item of Business Affiliated Business Arrangement Agribusiness Alternative Fuels Business Awarding Agency [ Business Credit and Assistance ] Base Closure Area [ Small Business Administration ] Better Business Bureaus Bill of Sale ( Business ) Branch or Additional Business Facility [ Agricultural Marketing Service ] Bureau of Economic , Energy , and Business Affairs [ EEB ] [ Department of State ] | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/d/doctrine-of-scriveners-error/ | USLegal Legal Definitions D Doctrine of Scrivener ' s Error Doctrine of Scrivener ' s Error Law and Legal Definition Doctrine of Scrivener ' s error is a legal principle which permits a typographical error in a written contract to be corrected by parol evidence if the evidence is clear , convincing , and precise . However if such correction affects property rights then it must be approved by those affected by it . Scrivener ' s error is an error due to a minor mistake or inadvertence and not one that occurs from judicial reasoning or determination . Legal Definition list Doctrine of Scrivener ' s Error Doctrine of Revestment Doctrine of Relation Back Doctrine of Preclusion of Inconsistent Positions Doctrine of Precedent Doctrine of Separate Spheres Doctrine of Specialty Doctrine of Substantial Performance Doctrine of Substituted Judgment Doctrine of Superior Equities Doctrine of Tenures Related Legal Terms 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003 998 Offer Abandonment of Barges Act Abandonment of Copyright Abandonment of Property Abatement of Freehold Abatement of Action Abatement of Bequest Abatement of Nuisance Abatement of Tax | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/e/employment-application/ | Employment Application Law and Legal Definition Employers must give careful consideration to the questions used in an employment application . A number of problem areas have arisen concerning questions which are included in an employment application or asked during the course of a job interview . There is no specific prohibition of drug - testing under federal law although several states have imposed certain restrictions on the use of drug tests . All employers are required to complete a Immigration and Naturalization Form I - 9 for each new employee . This form verifies that the employer has checked documents which show a person ' s right to work in the U.S. The hiring of an unauthorized alien can subject an employer to fines and imprisonment . Although an employer may not discriminate based upon gender , Title VII does not prevent discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation . However , some states and cities have laws which prohibit discrimination in employment on the basis of sexual orientation . There are a number of things an employer is prohibited from asking the applicant . These include : Age / date of birth : Generally , age is considered not to be relevant in most hiring decisions , and therefore , date of birth questions are improper . The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects employees 40 years old and above . It is permissible to ask an applicant to state his or her age if it is less than 18 . Internal uses of date of birth for computations with respect to a pension or profit - sharing plan , this information can be obtained after the person is hired . Race , religion , national origin : These questions are generally inappropriate , either on employment applications or during job interviews . Ordinarily , Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that employers make reasonable accommodations for their employees โ religious practices , thus eliminating the necessity for asking whether an applicant โ s religious beliefs would prohibit his or her working at certain times and on certain days in most situations . Physical traits , disabilities : If questions are asked related to height and weight requirements such requirements should be directly related to job performance .The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits general inquiries about disabilities , health problems , and medical conditions . Union membership : It is not proper for a prospective employer to ask the applicant whether or not if they are a member of a union . Arrest , conviction records : The EEOC takes the position that questions concerning arrests are improper unless the applicant is being considered for a " security sensitive " job and the employer does an investigation to determine , in effect , whether the applicant was likely to have committed the crime for which he or she was arrested . The EEOC also says that questions about an applicant โ s conviction record are improper unless the employer can show that the conviction is in some way related to the position being applied for . The EEOC takes these positions because Garnishment : Questions concerning whether an applicant has been the subject of garnishment proceedings should be eliminated from employment applications . Using the garnishment history of an applicant in determining whether he or she will be hired is probably discriminatory , because more minority members have their wages garnished than do with whites . Citizenship : The anti - discrimination provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act provides that an employer can not discriminate because an applicant is not a U.S. citizen . Therefore , citizenship questions should probably be deleted from employment applications . The Form I - 9 is the appropriate place to determine citizenship status instead of the employment application . Drugs , smoking : It is permissible to ask an applicant if he or she uses drugs or smokes . The application also affords an employer the opportunity to obtain the applicant โ s agreement to be bound by the employer โ s drug and smoking policies . The application also affords an employer an opportunity to obtain the applicant โ s agreement to submit to drug testing . Other problem areas : Questions concerning whether an applicant has friends or relatives working for the employer may be improper , if the employer gives a preference to such applicants . Questions concerning credit rating or credit references have been held to be discriminatory against minorities and women . Questions concerning whether an applicant owns a home have been held to be improper as being discriminatory against minority members , since a greater number of minority members do not own their own homes . Additional Definitions Employment Applications The employment application is an important part of the hiring process : it provides employers with clear and relevant information about applicants . An application is also a legal document and becomes a part of a person ' s permanent file once he or she is hired . A start - up small business without such an application can write its own or acquire forms from vendors ; if the form is produced in - house , it is advisable to have it checked by a qualified attorney to avoid violating civil rights statutes at federal and state levels . APPLICATION CONTENTS Applications contain questions designed to help the employer make a hiring decision . In essence , they reorganize the information the employer typically finds on a resume while also furnishing additional information that can be helpful in making hiring decisions . Application contents typically include the following : Statement by the business that it is an equal opportunity employer and that it is the policy of the business to provide opportunities to all qualified persons without regard to race , creed , color , religious belief , sex , age , national origin , ancestry , physical or mental handicap , or veteran ' s status . Name , address , phone number , and other relevant contact information . Position the applicant is seeking within the company . Hours of availability . Expected salary . Past experience โ This will make up the majority of the application form , for it is common for companies to request a listing of all positions that an applicant has held over the past three to five years . This section may include a request for supervisor names and reasons for leaving previous positions . Educational background โ This typically includes schools attended , years attended and degrees attained . Other information โ This might include questions about the applicant ' s experience with computer software programs and other office equipment , or it might ask the person to describe hobbies and other interests . This section of the application can be a tricky one for employers , as some questions may violate legal parameters . A good rule of thumb for small business owners weighing whether to include questions of this type is to always make sure that the responses could be pertinent to making a hiring decision . Closing statement โ The statement at the end of an application usually includes legally worded information for the applicant about the application , including permissible uses of the information contained therein . The employer should mention that they are an equal opportunity employer on the document , and legal experts recommend that employment applications include a statement regarding the right of the hiring company to check references and verify information on the application . The employer should state clearly that falsifying any information on an application can be considered grounds for dismissal . Signature of applicant . Again , it is advisable to have a home - made employee application checked by an attorney in order to avoid potential complications . POTENTIAL PITFALLS There are several possible pitfalls in designing an application form . On an application form , it is not permissible to pursue any of the following lines of questioning : Questions about the applicant ' s age , race , sex , religion , national origin , physical characteristics , or other personal information that violates Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ( EEOC ) guidelines . Questions about the applicant ' s health history or handicaps ( if any ) that violate the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) . Questions that violating any state regulations ( individual states may have regulations concerning employer rights to inquire about past salary history , referral sources , credit , access to transportation , or personal emergency information ) . It is important to check for state guidelines in employment applications before putting together a business application . READY - MADE APPLICATIONS In the Internet age , the start - up business can quite readily find carefully written employment applications on the Internet . A Google search on the phrase " employment forms " will produce in excess of 300,000 hits , a Yahoo search in excess of 280,000 . The first couple of pages will already offer some free forms for direct downloading as well as forms for purchase . Alternatively , the business owner can purchase books with forms , some with a CD attached ( examples are provided in the references below , see Fyock and Steingold ) from USING THE APPLICATION The application should be given to every person applying for a position from outside the company . It should be required regardless of level of position , so that all potential employees have a similar experience and receive similar treatment . Normally , a separate , abbreviated application form is used for people who are already employed by the company who wish to apply for positions elsewhere within the company . Some laws require employers to retain applications โ whether the person is hired or not โ for up to one year after the date the application is made . The employer is not usually required to reconsider the applications on file as new positions become available , but they must have record of the applications made to the company . Applications become a part of the permanent record of the employee once hired . Increasingly , these employee records are held in electronic files . SEE ALSO Employee Hiring BIBLIOGRAPHY Fyock , Catherine D . Hiring Source Book . Society For Human Resource Management , 28 April 2004 . " Integic Lands OPM Work . " Washington Technology . 24 January 2005 . " Made E - Z Products Inc . " Roofing Contractor . May 2004 . " Personnel Forms . " Roofing Contractor . October 2003 . Smith , Shawn A . and Rebecca A . Mazin . The HR Answer Book . AMACOM , March 2004 . Steingold , Fred . S . Legal Forms for Starting & Running a Small Business . Nolo , February 2006 . Hillstrom , Northern Lights updated by Magee , ECDI | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/e/executive-order/ | USLegal Legal Definitions E Executive Order Executive Order Law and Legal Definition An executive order is an order issued by the President of the U.S , the head of the executive branch of the federal government . This term also refers to an order issued by a governor of a state . An executive order can also be called a decree or orders - in - council . An executive order issued by the President or the chief executive officer of a state has the force of law , and it is promulgated in accordance with applicable law . [ 42 USCS ยง 14616 ] . The object of executive orders issued Following is an example of a state statute ( Idaho ) defining โ executive order โ : According to Idaho Code ยง 50 - 2801 ( 4 ) " Executive order " means the executive order or other administrative action of the governor pursuant to section 50 - 2804 , Idaho Code , and any amendments thereto . In the Revenue and Taxation Code the term executive order is defined as : " Executive order means any order , plan , requirement , rule or regulation issued : ( a ) By the Governor , or ( b ) By any officer or official serving at the pleasure of the Governor , or ( c ) By any agency , department , board or commission of state government ; provided that the term " executive order " shall not include any order , plan , requirement , rule or regulation issued by the State Water Resources Control Board or by any regional water quality control board pursuant to Division 7 ( commencing with Section 13000 ) of the Water Code . โ [ Cal Rev & Tax Code ยง 2209 ] . Legal Definition list Executive or Administrative Personnel [ Federal Elections ] Executive Officer Executive Office of Immigration Review ( EOIR ) Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys [ EOUSA ] Executive Office for Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces Executive Order Executive Order 10988 Executive Part of the Department Executive Privilege Executive Session Executive Software Related Legal Terms Affiliation Order Agreed Order Agreement on Border Environment Cooperation Commission Alcohol - Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders Alternate Payee to Qualified Domestic Relations Order Anti - Social Behavior Order Antisocial Personality Disorder Antitrust Order Anton Pillar Order Appealable Collateral Order | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/injunctive-relief/ | USLegal Legal Definitions I Injunctive Relief Injunctive Relief Law and Legal Definition Injunctive relief consists of a court order called an injunction , requiring an individual to do or not do a specific action . It is an extraordinary remedy that courts utilize in special cases where preservation of the status quo or taking some specific action is required in order to prevent possible injustice . For example , in a custody case , an injunction may be used to prevent a party from removing a child from the country . Injunctive relief is an equitable remedy granted when money damages are not able to compensate the plaintiff ' s violation of There are two types of injunctions : a preliminary injunction and a temporary restraining order ( TRO ) . The purpose of both is to maintain the status quo - - to insure a plaintiff that the defendant will not either make him or herself judgment - proof , or insolvent in some way , or to stop him or her from acting in a harmful way until further judicial proceedings are available . The court uses its discretionary power to balance the defendant ' s due process rights against the possibility of the defendant becoming judgment - proof , Legal Definition list Injunction Initiatives and Referendums Initiation Fee Initiate Initial Service Period [ Administrative Personnel ] Injunctive Relief Injuria Non Excusat Injuriam Injuria Non Praesumitur Injurious Wildlife Injuriously Affected Injury Related Legal Terms Acquisition and Improvement Loan [ Veterans ' Relief ] Affirmative Relief Benefit Period [ Veterans ' Relief ] Cooperative Course [ Veterans ' Relief ] Corollary Relief Credit Package [ Pensions , Bonuses , and Veterans ' Relief ] Debt Relief Agency ( Bankruptcy ) Declaratory Relief Disaster Relief Disaster Relief Act | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/inpatient-psychiatric-hospital-services/ | USLegal Legal Definitions I Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital Services Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital Services Law and Legal Definition Inpatient psychiatric hospital services refer to inpatient hospital services provided by a psychiatric hospital which includes treatment for serious mental disorder . Inpatient psychiatric hospitals services vary from short - term or outpatient therapy for low - risk patients to long term care or permanent care such as routine assistance , treatment or a specialized and controlled environment . It also includes inpatient services offered to psychiatric medically infirm , gero - psychiatric units , alcohol and drug addiction treatment facilities , mental health clinics , day hospitals , day treatment centers , and others . The term " inpatient psychiatric hospital services " is defined under 42 USCS ยง 1395x ( c ) as inpatient hospital services furnished to an inpatient of a psychiatric hospital . Legal Definition list Inpatient Hospital Services Inpatient Critical Access Hospital Services Inpatient Care Inpatient Inops Consilii Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital Services Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility ( IRF ) Input Device Input Tax Inquest Inquest of Office Related Legal Terms Absent Uniformed Services Voter Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual Action for the Loss of Services Actuarial Services [ Employee Retirement ] Acute Psychiatric Hospital Additional Health Services Administrative Support Services [ Education ] Adult Day Services ( ADS ) ( Health Care ) Adult Protective Services Advisory and Assistance Services | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/l/legal-system/ | USLegal Legal Definitions L Legal System Legal System Law and Legal Definition Legal system refers to a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law . It elaborates the rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways . Three major legal systems of the world consist of civil law , common law and religious law . Jury system is a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit . Tax system is a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes . Electoral system is a legal system for making democratic choices . Legal Definition list Legal Strength of a Trademark Legal Status Violation Legal Status Legal Services Corporation Act Legal Services Corporation Legal System Legal System [ Patents ] Legal Tender Legal Terrorism Legal Theory Legal Transplant Related Legal Terms 9 - 1 - 1 System Accelerated Cost Recovery System Active Solar System Actuarially Sound Retirement System Adaptive Ecosystem Management Administrative Governor [ Federal Reserve System ] Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System ( AFCARS ) Advanced Automobile Propulsion System Advanced Truck Stop Electrification System Adversarial System | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/o/on-call-employees/ | USLegal Legal Definitions O On - call Employees On - call Employees Law and Legal Definition On - call employees are employees who are not permanently employed by an employer . Such employees are called to work on a need basis . They may be employed for several months or for few days , depending upon the nature of work they have to perform . On - call employees are called on short notice , and often paid an hourly wage . They work on an uncertain work schedule . The following is an example of a case law defining the term : On - call employees are those employees who are required to remain at or within the confines of a designated post of duty for more than 40 hours a week for the purpose of rendering stand - by service , but who are not required to spend all of their tour of duty in the actual performance of work . A notable example of on - call employees are fire fighters who are on duty 24 hours and off duty 24 hours , or whose tour is a variation of this form of the two - platoon system . Fire Legal Definition list On VA Rolls [ Veterans Affairs ] On the Stand On the Pad On the Merits On the Job Training On - call Employees On - going Subsidy Fee [ SISMBD loan ] On - Going Support Services [ Education ] On - Line Sampling Inspection [ Agriculture ] On - Reservation Status On - Sale Bar [ Patent ] Related Legal Terms Affected Employees Alien Employees American Federation of Government Employees ( AFGE ) Basic Workweek for Full Time Employees Corporations Officers and Employees Difficult Employees Employees Compensation Appeals Board Federal Employees Compensation Act Federal Employees Health Benefits Program ( FEHBP ) Federal Employees Retirement System [ FERS ] | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/p/passive-recreation-area/ | USLegal Legal Definitions P Passive Recreation Area Passive Recreation Area Law and Legal Definition A passive recreation area is generally an undeveloped space or environmentally sensitive area that requires minimal development . Entities such as a parks department may maintain passive recreation areas for the health and well - being of the public and for the preservation of wildlife and the environment . The quality of the environment and " naturalness " of an area is the the focus of the recreational experience in a passive recreation area . Passive recreation may be defined as a non - motorized activity that : Offers constructive , restorative , and pleasurable human benefits and fosters appreciation and understanding of open space and its purpose Is compatible with other passive recreation uses Does not significantly impact natural , cultural , scientific , or agricultural values Requires only minimal visitor facilities and services directly related to safety and minimizes passive recreation impacts Definitions vary by locality . The following is an example of what falls under the definition of one community ' s passive recreation area : libraries 6 conservation reservations 10 municipal parking lots 18 parks 75 traffic islands at 58 locations throughout the Town 3 walking paths or parkways Police Station grounds Town Forest Legal Definition list Passive Receivers Passive Negligence Passive Loss Passive Investment Income Passive Investment Passive Recreation Area Passive Resistance Passive Solar System Passive Trust Passport Passport Acceptance Agent | [
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http://definitions.uslegal.com/t/terroristic-threat/ | USLegal Legal Definitions T Terroristic Threat Terroristic Threat Law and Legal Definition A terroristic threat is a crime generally involving a threat to commit violence communicated with the intent to terrorize another , to cause evacuation of a building , or to cause serious public inconvenience , in reckless disregard of the risk of causing such terror or inconvenience . It may mean an offense against property or involving danger to another person that may include but is not limited to recklessly endangering another person , harassment , stalking , ethnic intimidation , and criminal mischief . The following is an example of a Texas statute dealing with terroristic threats : TERRORISTIC THREAT ( a ) A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving violence to any person or property with intent to : cause a reaction of any type to his threat [ s ] by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies ; place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury ; prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building ; room ; place of assembly ; place to which the public has access ; place of employment or occupation ; aircraft , automobile , or other form of conveyance ; or other public place ; cause impairment or interruption of public communications , public transportation , public water , gas , or power supply or other public service ; place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury ; or influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government , the state , or a political subdivision of the state . Legal Definition list Terrorist - Exclusion - List - TEL Terrorist Travel Program Terrorist Threat Integration Center Terrorist State Terrorist Screening Center Terroristic Threat Terry Stop Tertiary Education Tertium Quid Tertius Gaudens Test Administrator [ Education ] | [
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http://degree.csusm.edu/faqs.aspx | Degree Programs Degrees California State University San Marcos , Extended Learning , in partnership with the four colleges at CSUSM , offers a variety of self - support degree programs to meet the educational needs of residents in North San Diego and Southwest Riverside counties and beyond . BUSINESS Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Master of Business Administration ( Specialized MBA ) EDUCATION Master of Arts in Reading , Language and Literacy Master of Arts in Education Administration HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology , Movement Science Option Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology , Health Science Option Bachelor of Science in Speech - Language Pathology Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing ( ABSN ) Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing ( RNtoBSN ) Master of Science in Nursing ( MSN ) Master of Science in Speech - Language Pathology ( MS SLP ) Master of Public Health ( MPH ) Master of Social Work SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Bachelor of Science in Wildfire Science and the Urban Interface Master of Biotechnology ; A Professional Science Masters Master of Cybersecurity ; A Professional Science Masters CRIMINOLOGY & JUSTICE STUDIES Bachelor of Arts in Criminology & Justice Studies | [
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http://degweb.org/estimate-toolbox-parent/estimate-tips | Know Your Estimating System OEM Websites and Position Statements Estimate Tips Knowledge Base Audatex CCC Mitchell Estimate Tips Below are a few items that may help when writing an estimate Feel free to email us your thoughts or tips You can follow the DEG on Twitter to receive our weekly estimating tip or send an email to infoscrscom to be added Estimating Tip Mitchel Labor Times THE LABOR TIMES SHOWN IN THE GUIDE ARE IN HOURS AND TENTHS OF AN HOUR 6 MINUTES AND ARE FOR REPLACEMENT WITH NEW UNDAMAGED PARTS FROM THE VEHICLE MANUFACTURER ON A NEW UNDAMAGED VEHICLE Any additional time needed for collision DAMAGE ACCESS ALIGNMENT PULLS NONORIGINAL EQUIPMENT or USED PARTS should be agreed upon by all parties Times for some operations are applicable after necessary bolted attached or related parts have been removed Exceptional circumstances including all the suboperations or extra operations are indicated as notes throughout the text or are identified in the Procedure Explanations The actual time taken by individual repair facilities to replace collision damaged parts can be expected to vary due to severity of collision vehicle condition equipment used etc Estimating Tip CCC Audatex Mitchell M Mechanical Operations for Scanning Operations All three Information providers CCC Mitchell and Audatex acknowledge that scanning operations required during the repair process is a M Mechanical process CCC has confirmed that it plans to add the M feature to the database shortly Both Mitchell and Audatex already designate the operation to Mechanical when selected from the database Users may still need to manually input the M coding depending on the IP they are using Estimating Tip CCC Audatex Mitchell Charging Battery Maintain Battery Voltage Certain repair situations may require the on board vehicle battery to be connected to a battery charger battery maintainer during repairs Example of this situation is during the scanning processThe OEM may state the vehicle must maintain a certain voltage to ensure all modules computers and electrical consumer equipment are being scanned at the proper voltage level Battery charging Battery maintenance is NOT INCLUDED in developed labor times and would be an on the spot evaluation Estimating Tip Information on Tire Replacement Repairers may find it challenging to find information regarding tire replacement documentation and when to replace all four4 or two2 tires to match the opposite side on the same axle Some OEM Repair websites may not have this information listed DEG Suggests locating this information in the vehicle owners manual which would typically be found in the glove box of the vehicle or found online using the digital copy Using the index of the manual look up tires or tyres for quick search of the manual DEG has made a spread sheet of all major vehicle manufacturer links to access owners manuals online in digital format Manufacture owners support weblinkspdf Estimating Tip Mitchell Air Bag SRS Component Inspection and Replacement Tables Mitchell has published a comprehensive list of parts and inspections required after SRS Airbag deployment This information is available online here httpstaticmymitchellcomstaticwebhelpppagesabt1033indexhtm Users will need to click on the Air Bag SRS Component Inspection Replacement tab and select the appropriate manufacturer model and year for the vehicle You are not required to be a Mitchell usersubscriber to view this information This can be used as a quick reference charttool during the repair planning stages to determine vehicle repairability Disclaimer This is not a substitute over OEM repair information OEM Repair information is available by visiting wwwoem1stopcom Manufactures technical websites will always have the most current and up today information You may be required to create a log in and pay for subscription cost to view and access OEM direct information Estimating Tip CCC Audatex and Mitchell Additional Labor for ADAS Measurement Vehicles equipped with ADAS Blind Spot Monitor systems may have a procedure in the workshop manual to measure the mounting bracket position This procedure can be labor intensive and require additional rI work to access certain control points on the vehicle Labor to measure verify and repair if needed is NOT INCLUDED and should be an on the spot evaluation Below example is from Honda Service Express showing 2016 Acura RDX It is always important to look up the full procedure from the OEM to verify all measurements and instructions required Estimating Tip All Three Estimating Systems 2019 Chevy Silverado Database Update All three information providers have provided feedback for the new redesigned 2019 Chevy Silverado database being released CCC 2019 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Estimated delivery from MOTOR to CCC is 11302018 If received on this date the data will be released to electronic users on 12142018 or the January 2019 DVD release 2019 GMC 1500 Pickup MOTOR has not yet started development of this data at this time Mitchell 2019 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup 2019 Chevy Silverado 1500 is currently scheduled to be available with the November 2018 1811 updateproduct release Audatex 2019 Chevrolet 1500 Pickup Crew Cab 119 release Ext Cab 319 release Single Cab TBD 2019 GMC Sierra Crew Cab 319 release Ext Cab 319 release Single Cab TBD Please note the above information is based on current information available from all three IPs Changes to release date may be possible depending on development schedule Estimator Tip CCC MOTORS Updated P Pages GTE Guide 11118 CCCMOTORS has officially updated the P pages GTE Guide online and within CCCone estimating program Click Here to view a live version of the CCC P Pages A downloadable PDF Cope is also available by clicking here The DEG has made a Delta Report of the changes and additions made Click here to view a copy of the Changes made To read more about the update More information about the changes can be read on the latest RDN Article Estimating Tip All Three Estimating SystemsSecondary ColorEcoat Color Duplication Refinish labor to duplicate factory EcoatOverspray appearance on nonvisible back sideundersides is NOT INCLUDED Refinish times also does not include color matching mixing the appropriate color variant and labor to mask interior surfaces As always material cost is NOT INCLUDED in refinish labor times Estimating Tip CCCMOTOR Deduct for Overlap Grille Labor Recent Inquiry 12871 discovered that when grille RI is being performed on bumper cover RI or RR labor Deduct for Overlap is still being applied to the RI grille labor when the time has already been adjusted to the RI labor value based on the H Notes section Below is the response from CCC It appears the attempt to allow the difference of labor time between RR and RI Grille is not working properly when the RR Grille is selected with the RR Bumper and the bumper includes only the RI grille per the footnote This is causing a negative impact that was not identified initially CCC does not currently have the ability to support the RI portion of labor time being deducted from the RR Grille time when selected with the RR or OH Bumper The overlap deduction currently in place will need to be removed and this concern will be added to the backlog for further review when time permits This example below shows a 2016 Honda Odyssey overlap being taken on rI grille which should not apply and manually needs to be corrected Estimating Tip CCC Audatex MitchellQuick Reference Chart PrePost Scan IncludedNot Included Labor Operations The DEG has developed a quick reference chart of includednot included labor operations on repairs requiring prepost scaninitializing and calibration To download this chart click this link Quick Reference pre post relearn chart Estimating Tip CCC Audatex Mitchell Quick Reference of Repair Conditions Involving Seam Sealers and Protective Coatings for Welded Panel Labor The DEG has developed a quick reference chart of Included and not Included labor operations when working with repairs involving the following conditionsTo download this chart click this link Quick reference protective coating removal Estimating Tip Audatex Glass Sealant Part Selection and Labor Recent Audatex Inquiries 12661 and 12720 discuss how bonded quarter glass labor is assigned when selecting the Quarter Glass Sealant Kit and the Quarter Glass part itself We have reviewed the current Audatex labor procedures and labor allocation for the SEALANT KITQTR GLASS GN 03170318 and GLASSQUARTER TINTED GN 03210322 In Audatex when a user adds both aforementioned items to an estimate the system allocates the labor to the lowest guide number after any applicable overlap is applied This guide number hierarchy is integrated into Audatex labor development Estimator judgement times or manual entries will not remove preexisting overlap deductions where labor economies between multiple parts have already been considered This is the normal function of the Audatex Estimating system No change warranted at this time Users can tell by reviewing the Audatex estimate report if the labor time is modified from the Quarter Glass Sealant Kit locating a next to the labor line When both the sealant kit and glass is selected the Labor Time will automatically allocate to the Glass Sealant and should be careful to know this is the actual labor for the glass RI or RR procedure Estimating Tip Mitchell TESLA Database Now Available MITCHELL has officially launched Tesla Vehicle database for the Model S X and now Model 3 Additionally improved VIN decoding options are now available Please note this is not an approval for every body shop to work on Tesla Vehicles Non Approved Tesla body shops should still check with Tesla parts departments for part restrictions prior to working on vehicle as well as understanding the dangers and risk involved working with high voltage systems Users should also note parts are updated frequently and should still confirm with TESLA EPC for most current and up to date information for correct part numbers and pricing Please submit DEG inquiries for any missing or outdated information for Tesla Database in MITCHELL Estimating Tip Audatex Labor Report How to obtain a copy of the Audatex Labor Report can be viewed by watching the video here Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video Estimating Tip CCC Audatex and Mitchell Disassembly of Replacement Parts for Refinish Some replacement parts may come preassembled from the supplier in primer or with incorrect supplied body color Labor to disassemble replacement parts ie grilles mirrors various exterior mounted body parts is NOT INCLUDED and would require an on the spot evaluation An example of this situation would be a replacement grille for a Ram 1500 PN68197703AA which comes Primed from the supplier Additional labor to remove the inserts is NOT INCLUDED with the refinish labor or the body labor for rr Estimating Tip CCC Audatex Mitchell Factory Color Packs Some vehicle OEM colors may require a special pigment toner to be mixed inhouse or a factory color pack premixed color to perform refinishing repairs due to exotic high cost pigments The cost of these color packs and toners which are only supplied by your paint manufacture may cost more than your material calculator rate and could be billed out as a separate line cost Each paint manufacture has a list of special color codes specific to each OEM and is important for repair planners to address when determining cost during damage analysis This will also help to order the necessary materials before the vehicle lands in the paint department eliminating delays in the repair process An example of this would be Lexus color code 8Y0 Structural Blue which is only available as a factory color pack from PPG Automotive PPG shows how to repair Lexus 8Y0 Structural Blue by visiting their YouTube channel httpsyoutubeTYbKITlDRWU Always reference your paint manufactures TSBs for the latest information available regarding these special colors Recent Inquiry 12587 on 20142018 Chevy GMC pickup trucks that the replacement fenders do not come from the factory with seam sealer and caulk on the inside panel of the wheel house The labor and material cost to replicate the OEM appearance is NOT INCLUDED in all three estimating systems Additionally CCC will add a statement to the GTE guide P Pages under the fender group Special Notation to match the Hood Trunk Lid and Door sections regarding seam sealer not being included Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex OEM EPC Electronic Parts Catalogue Access to Toyota Lexus Vehicles Toyota and Lexus have now made it easier to gain access to their OEM EPCs allowing shops to access this information directly saving a phone call to their local parts department trying to figure out the part they are looking for Users can visit httpspartstoyotacom or httpspartslexuscom Both sites allow the user to input a VIN to pull up the correct parts schematic If the part is missing from any of the three estimating systems Audatex CCC and Mitchell please submit a DEG INQUIRY with the missing information so it can be added to the database Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Shipping labels and decals attached to replacement parts Labor times for Body and Refinish in all three estimating systems Audatex CCC and Mitchell Does not include the labor to remove shipping labels and decals which may also leave behind adhesive residue This labor would require an on the spot evaluation for additional labor to be added Refer to DEGs Estimate Tool Box for access to all three information providers P pages Estimating Tip Audatex Frame Replacement Estimate Tips Audatex users having to perform repairs where fluid lines need to be replaced or rI complete must consider a manual labor time for this operations Section 42 of the DBRM States Complete RI of brake line transmission line or fuel line is NOT INCLUDED Section 43 Replacement and Recycled operations for specific components may only call out to disconnect the line only An example of having to determine a full labor value for this would be on a full frame replacement requiring replacement or rI of a brake fuel line AC Lines from the damaged part to the new replacement part Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex 20162017 Honda Civic Fender Bracket 20162017 OEM Honda Civic fenders requiring replacement will not come supplied with front bracket Part s Right 60213TBAA00ZZ Left 60263TBAA00ZZ and lower bracket Part s Right 60212TBAA00ZZ Left 60262TBAA00ZZ that are originally welded and riveted with adhesive from the factory on the original part Both CCC and Mitchell does not include the labor to transfer the brackets in the fender replacement time The labor time in the database is based on installing a new UNDAMAGED bracket and does not include labor to repair the old bracket for reuse onto the new replacement fender Audatex labor time for fender replacement considers the brackets included but this is based on installing a new undamaged part onto the replacement fender Additional labor should be considered if having to reuse an existing bracket to bring it to new undamaged condition ready for installation as well as refinishing of the bracket if required Rivets and adhesive cost is NOT INCLUDED in all three estimating systems when doing this procedure Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex One time use fasteners and hardware OEMs may require specific hardware and fasteners to be replaced every time they are removed from the vehicle for repairs This may include Clips Rivets nuts bolts and washers The costs of these are not included and would need to be considered for the estimaterepair plan being made All three information providers do not list out every bit of hardware and clips in the database It is important to reference the OEM workshop manual as well as the OEM EPC electronic parts catalogue for correct part number and notes Any person that runs across missing information in the estimating system should submit a DEG inquiry with the correct part number and information calling out for one time use so the appropriate IP can add it to the database with the appropriate note Toyota has publshed has published a great article in reference NonReusable Parts httpsnewscrrtrainingcomunderstandingnonreusableparts Also Reference Toyota CRIB Bulletin 188 httpdegweborgcrib188 Always reference every OEM Service information for bulletins and documents for vehicle repairs Access OEM service information can be located through wwwoem1stopcom Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Replacement parts may come prepainted and assembled from the OEM Some OEM replacement parts may come prepainted andor assembled complete with exterior trim already attached to the part The replacement part may not match the vehicle color you are working on This will require additional labor if required to dissemble the replacement part and apply the correct color you are working on This labor is NOT INCLUDED in all three information providers database and require an on the spot evaluation This would also apply to LKQ assembly parts ie doors trunks fenders etc A recent example of this from the OEM would be a 20142019 Nissan Rogue which comes already supplied from the OEM in its most popular color K23 Silver including glass wiring and hardware already attached to the lift gate CCC shows the following footnote in the Lift Gate group Currently there is no mention of this in Audatex and Mitchell database Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex TPMS Sensors Tire Pressure Monitoring System When wheels need to be replaced it is important to follow the OEM Repair procedure and protocol when dealing with valve stems and TPMS Sensors Many OEM may require the TPMS Sensor be rebuilt using a parts kit Anytime the sensor nut is loosened or the tire is replaced Rebuilding TPMS Sensors is NOT INCLUDED as well as the cost of the repair kit CCCMotors GTE Guide States that TPMS Sensor labor is INCLUDED when replacing a wheel Rebuilding a TPMS Sensor is NOT INCLUDED Refer to inquiry 12423 Mitchell CEG Guide under wheels TPMS Sensor RI or RR is NOT INCLUDED in the wheel replacement labor time Audatex Labor report may include the TPMS Sensor labor as INCLUDED when replacing a wheel Rebuilding a TPMS Sensor is NOT INCLUDED unless specifically stated in the labor report Additionally Electronic reset or programming of the TPMS System is NOT INCLUDED and will require an on the spot evaluation SCRS also offers a TPMS Relearn Chart to serve as a quick reference for technicians working on TPMS equipped vehicles The chart can be found at httpsscrscomproducttpmsrelearnchart Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Seat Belt Inspections OEMs may require a seat belt inspection to be performed after a collision regardless of speed and impact severity This operation is NOT INCLUDED and will require on the spot evaluation for labor as well as following OEM repair procedures Documentation from the OEM can be found by visiting wwwoem1stopcom then selecting the appropriate manufactures web link for proper information Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Prewash and Completed Vehicle DetailCleanup Vehicles may require a prewash prior to starting repairs to remove contaminants dirt grime andor debris This process is NOT INCLUDED in the information providers labor times After repairs are complete final wash detail and cleanup of the repair process is NOT INCLUDED in labor times Both process would require an on the spot evaluation of appropriate material cost and labor Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Masking Unpainted Areas of Bumper Covers CCCMotors Masking the grained textured or nonbody color portions in preparation for body color application is an included operation This process is only included one time in the refinish labor operation Should the process require multiple masking operations for preparation and again for refinish this would require an additional on the spot evaluation Mitchell Masking of nonpainted areas within the perimeter of a bumper cover is not included in the refinish allowance unless identified with a labor footnote Audatex Masking the grained textured or nonbody color portions in preparation for body color application is an included operation This process is only included one time in the refinish labor operation Should the process require multiple masking operations for preparation and again for refinish this would require an additional on the spot evaluation Final DEG Note Masking Material cost is NOT INCLUDED with labor times Estimating Tip CCC Mitchell and Audatex Wire Harness and Computer Modules Repairs requiring wiring cables computers or modules to be removed or set back is NOT INCLUDED in repairs or panel replacement time unless specifically noted in footnotes of the specific component you are working on This will require an on the spot evaluation as each vehicle and model is specific due to vehicle options and various complexities running wiring in the vehicle Mitchell states the following Computer Modules When working with vehicles equipped with onboard computers manufacturers recommend removal if temperatures are likely to exceed 176F 80C Do not apply heat from a torch or weld in the immediate vicinity of computers without protecting them Remove if necessary Many vehicles have multiple computers such as Electronic Control Modules ECM Body Control Modules BCM individual computers for AntiLock Brake Systems and Electronic Suspension systems All of these computers should be protected or removed before exposing them to high heat Never connect or disconnect these units with ignition switch on or charge a battery with battery cables connected Before servicing ground yourself and ground the work area to discharge stored static electricity Computer control information is listed in the Electrical Section of all Mitchell Collision Estimating Guides There is a footnote below the listing or an illustration describing the location of each unit Inquiry 12163 States that the estimated work time applied to Front End Alignment is to perform set up and align procedures on the front of the vehicle only If any procedures or adjustments are required to be made to the rear of the vehicle they would be considered not included Example would be a vehicle with a nonadjustable rear axle The front alignment is always dependent on the rear end to be in correct specifications prior to adjusting the front end The correct way to add this on the estimate is to Wheel alignment front wheels Add Check Rear alignment from the rear suspension group Additional operations to set up the heads and read the specifications prior to making any adjustments on the front Estimating Tip Audatex Color Tint Audatexs two stage setup refinish labor includes time for standard tint Standard tint is defined as the initial mix check one tint cycle and check Audatexs studies revealed instances where additional time was required for the tinting process The range of this additional time was commonly between 01 and 10 hours with an average of 05 hours per estimate per color The appearance of color match can be difficult enough to require both color tint tinting to adjust the color and blending ICAR Finish Matching Module 2 Topic 3 recommends planning and preparing for blending before the work begins Per ICAR tinting should be done only to achieve a blendable match Estimating Tip CCC Audatex and Mitchell OEM Information Website Access Research and Diagnostic Costs Not Included in Labor Times OEM information website access cost is NOT INCLUDED in developed labor times in all three estimating systems OEM technical information sites offer multiple subscription options available to end users depending on their specific needs and time Research and disgnostic labor time is also not included in published labor times Both labor and subscription cost would require and on the spot evaluation to be added on the repair planwork order Estimating Tip Mitchell Refinish Bed Underside Refinish Complete Bed Assy Including Tailgate does not include labor to refinish the underside bed assembly A separate refinish selection needs to be added from the Mitchell database Depending on the paint manufacturer the underside refinish may require a flattened or matte clear to be used over the underside color for additional protection This is not an included operation and the clear coat labor for the underside would need to be manually entered following the clear coat formula in the CEG guide under page 28 Refinish Section Material Costs for refinish are NOT INCLUDED in the labor allowances Estimating Tip CCCMOTORS Not Included Masking Operations CCCMOTOR masking operation can be found in the GTE P pages under Refinish Procedures Bagging cover entire vehicle exterior The following applies per the GTE CCC Not Included Masking Operations Bagging Cover Entire Vehicle Exterior Published refinish times include time necessary to mask exterior surface adjacent the refinish area to a perimeter of 36 inches or 3 feet When the process of perimeter masking is substituted for an entire vehicle bagging procedure then no additional time should be added If entire vehicle bagging is used along with perimeter masking then the following formula may be considered APPLY AND REMOVE VEHICLE COVER BAGGING Add 02 each time a cover is applied and removed Additional NOT INCLUDED masking operations Listed under Basic Color Coat Application Cover mask engine compartment to prevent overspray Cover mask entire exterior of vehicle to prevent overspray damage Cover mask for prime and block Cover mask for cutin Cover mask recessed edges jambs Cover mask trunk compartment to prevent overspray Cover mask interior of vehicle to prevent overspray damage Listed under Color Blend adjacent panels And Threestage Color Blend Adjacent panels NOT INCLUDED operations Cover mask recessed edges jambs Masking of attached parts What if I decide to rope lift window glass seals or leave attached parts on the vehicle In the event a facility decides roping or lifting window seals are best repair option for the vehicle repairs Published refinish times are for one color applied to new undamaged OEM replacement components without exterior trim interior trim or other attached components Roping or lifting seals would require an on the spot evaluation for labor time if required As always Material cost associated with masking operations are NOT INCLUDED Estimating Tip Audatex Not Included Drain Refill and Bleed Operations Audatex DBRM 42 Labor exclusions state the following are NOT INCLUDED considerations in labor time development Drain refill andor top off engine oil Drain or refill fuel tank Drain refill andor top off transmission fluid An example would be vehicle with oil transmission coolers built into the radiator or separate cooler requiring to be disconnected drained and refilled using the appropriate fluid Additionally bleeding operations are NOT INCLUDED in labor time development Bleeding of brake cooling or hydraulic systems Additional labor for brake bleeding An example would be having to bleed or purge air out of a cooling radiator during the refill process or filling and bleeding a brake system after opening the fluid lines to disconnect Estimating Tip Mitchell Not Included Masking Operations Mitchell Not Included Masking Operations In the Mitchell CEG Collision Estimating Guide Mitchell has listed out additional not included operations when it comes to masking a vehicle Located under Page 28 under Mask Vehicle to Prevent Overspray Damage Mitchell has listed out labor operation suggestions for additional not included operations Mask Vehicle to Prevent Overspray Damage The following refinish information is provided should it be necessary to perform these operations as determined by individual job requirements MASK INTERIOR ENTRYWAYS ENGINE COMPARTMENT AND TRUNK OPENINGS Interior masking may be necessary when refinishing exterior surfaces to stop overspray damage that is not prevented by adjacent panel perimeter masking which includes back taping or application of foam tape Interior masking may also be used when exterior panels door hood etc are removed while applying refinish material The performance of this operation is NOT INCLUDED in the Mitchell refinish labor time Fig 1 IDENTIFYING INTERIOR MASKING LOCATIONS NOTE The times shown in the illustration are for interior masking of that panel andor opening Labor time includes all pillars jambs weatherstrips edges entryways and openings as necessary Deduct 1 hour overlap for each interior masked adjacent panel andor opening As always Material cost are NOT INCLUDED in labor times Estimating Tip CCC Refinish Labor on Recycled Parts CCC Users may experience a variance in reported labor times on recycled parts vs new replacement parts in the database DEGs recent inquiry 12042 discovered that clear coat labor on edges and inside is not an option that is given and it may not be available in the estimate line properties to add for clear coat on those two refinish instances CCCMOTOR Response Estimated Release Date Closed Proposed Resolution CCCs collisionestimating tools contain limited automated logic support when recycled parts or assemblies are used All of CCCs tools include MOTORs RACED database so the estimator has all of the necessary information and can make the appropriate manual adjustments CCC will be implementing additional logic in future product releases At this time there is no estimated fix for this logic and DEG encourages users to manually enter the missing refinish labor associated for edges and insides if applicable for that specific repair needs The following clear coat formula is available in the Guide to Estimating P pages Note that 25 clear coat cap is for ONE continuous application and booth cycle If multiple booth cycles are needed for repairs the clear coat cap would start over and this would need to be a manual consideration First major panel Add 40 to refinish time Each additional panel Add 20 to refinish time Maximum time allocation 25 hours If users find a difference in refinish labor allowances please submit an inquiry to wwwdegweborg so we verify the concern and work with the appropriate information provider Here is a quick video showing users how to add clear coat on edges or inside panels when clear coat labor is not automatically added Estimating Tip All Three Estimating Systems ASA Not Included Quick Reference Chart ASA Automotive Service Association maintains and updates the Quick Reference Chart of NotIncluded Operations When Installing New Replacement Parts Anyone can view and save this document by clicking the link here This chart gives users a quick reference between all three information providers not included operations broken down by component category Its important to note this is not a substitute for the actual IPs CEG GTE and DBRM which can be accessed thru DEGs Estimate Toolbox All Three Estimating Systems NON OEM parts with Badges and Emblems Its important to note when selecting NON OEM parts with an emblem or badge attached ie Grilles Finish panel moldings in the estimating system OEM emblems and badges may not come with the NON OEM part due to copyright infringement OEM parts will typically come as an assembly or available to purchase separately The estimating system may not allow you to select the additional part to be added if this is sold as an assembly from the OEM This will require a manual entry or may want to consider using a complete assembly part from the OEM Its also important Estimating Tip CCCLabor for Cooling Fan Components NOT Included in Radiator Labor Times Recent DEG Inquiry 11920 discovered a CCC error in the system which will require users to perform manual entry to allocate correct labor times Radiator replacement time includes to RI cooling fan shroud as an assembly with the motor and fan blade still attached When having to replace an individual component of the cooling fan the part may come up as included or with a standalone time which may also include another component of the cooling fan part If this occurs the estimator would need to make manual line consideration for additional labor times Always refer to the part selection footnotes and the CEG Guide to ensure labor is being assigned correctly Estimating Tip Mitchell Quarter Panel Replacement Additional Labor for Urethane Set Glass When performing quarter panel replacement the labor procedure does not include allowances for necessary precautionary measures to remove undamaged urethane set glass nor cleanup of the old adhesive on the glass If the existing urethane set glass is undamaged and will be reused the labor time difference between the glass RR and RI represents the not included allowance This additional labor option is available to select in the Add to RR in the part selection menu Estimating Tip All Three Estimating Systems Air Conditioner Air conditioning systems which have been damaged during a collision or a system that has been open and exposed and not immediately sealed the receiver drier or desiccant element should be replaced During AC r134a and R1234yf evacuate and recharge process testing for leaks is NOT INCLUDED Cost of refrigerant oil and seals are NOT INCLUDED in labor times Estimating Tip Mitchell VacuumFill Bleed Cooling System When cooling radiators need to be RI or RR during the repair process the coolant fill may be required to perform VacuumFill Bleed operation If this process is required this is NOT INCLUDED and would need to be selected from the Add To section of the part selection screen This can be found under the Cooling section in the of the part selection menu Estimating Tip Audatex Non included operations in door shell labor Recent DEG Inquiry 11797 addresses not included considerations in door shell replacement Door shell transferal of small grommets clips or fasteners is not included in the Audatex provided labor values This would require an on the spot evaluation of additional labor time if required when replacing door shells in Audatex database Glued on Weather strip measuring is included in Audatex provided labor values whether installing or transferring to a new panel Weather strip cleanup time is not an included operation please see the DBRM Section 43 Replacement Recycled Operations Estimating Tip CCC Structural Classification Estimators and technicians may notice an S labor classification in the estimate The S is to identify structural components selected in the database estimate A Structural component defined by CCCMotor is the following Structural Components that provide a load bearing foundation for the purpose of safety andor stability Shops may also notice in the Rates section the ability to charge a different rate for this type of repair if elected Classifications are not inclusive of all components Usage of MOTOR component classifications to determine labor rates is at the sole discretion of the end users Please note that any component can be designated as mechanical by the end user This would be inclusive of Mechanical Structural Frame glass etc in the database Additional to components that fall under the Structural Component Classification refer to G6 in the Guide to Estimating P pages documents Structural Component Identification Structural component identification information as presented in ICAR Enhanced Delivery programs Welded structural parts can be made from different types of metal identification is not based on metal type Replacement requires specific measuring equipment and vehicle dimensions must be correct If improperly repaired road performance and crashworthiness of the vehicle may be affected Airbag deployment may also be affected Welded structural parts on a unibody vehicle typically include APRONS STRUT TOWER CENTER PILLAR CORNER PILLAR FRONT RAIL HINGE PILLAR LOCK PILLAR RADIATOR CORE SUPPORT REAR RAIL REAR STRUT TOWER ROCKER PANEL SUSPENSION CROSSMEMBER UPPER RAIL Welded structural parts of the body on a bodyoverframe vehicle typically include APRON ASSEMBLY CAB CORNER PICKUP CAB BACK PANEL PICKUP CENTER PILLARS CORNER PILLARS FRONT RAIL HINGE PILLARS LOCK PILLARS RADIATOR CORE SUPPORT REAR RAIL ROCKER PANELS UPPER RAIL Some parts that are bolted bonded or welded may add structural integrity to a vehicles body These parts are made from different types of materials and vehicle dimensions must be correct before replacement If improperly repaired road performance and crashworthiness of the vehicle may be affected Airbag deployment may also be affected Parts that may add structural integrity to a vehicles body may include COWL ASSEMBLIES DASH PANEL ENGINE CRADLE bolton FLOOR PANEL IMPACT BAR bolton PERIMETER FRAME QUARTER PANEL RADIATOR CORE SUPPORT bolton REAR BODY PANEL ROOF PANEL STATIONARY GLASS urethane bonded Estimating Tip Mitchell Duplication of Seam Sealer Appearance CaulkingSeam Sealer The labor time for welded panels includes the application of caulkingseam sealer to the joints gaps and seams of welded panels to achieve water sealing It does not include the use of a caulkingseam sealer product as undercoating or sound deadening It also does not include any necessary masking setup and cleanup of an application tool test patterns or application of material to duplicate factory look texture and color or to create noise and vibration absorbing properties for the panels Estimating Tip CCCMechanical Component Labor Collision repair facilities performing mechanical operations may find incomplete information in the GTE Pages about included or not included operations Unless noted in the database part selection footnote estimators and technicians should consider the part and replacement time if displayed to install the selected component as a standalone operation and nothing else to be included in the operation As an example if a part requires a bleed procedure to be performed this should be considered as additional labor and partfluid cost unless the part selection footnote says otherwise Always refer to the OEMs technical information for any notes when performing repairs OEM technical information sites can be found at wwwoemonestopcom Estimating Tip MitchellOEM Procedures Mitchell and Toyota have teamed up to create OEM Procedures and predictive estimating available within the Mitchell estimating program From the part selection home screen repair tab users will need to click on the OEM Procedures tab and select the part they want to RR Repair or Blend Once a selection is made on a component the system will bring up a list of common required operations and one time use replacement parts per the TIS workshop manual The user has the option to select all or select individual lines to automatically add to the estimate This feature may also wwwOEM1STOPcom for a direct link to the OEM for the specific vehicle you are repairing Estimating Tip AudatexRefinish Floor UndersidesSeparate Booth Cycles DEG Inquiry 11652 clarifies Audatex internal labor procedures the box assembly refinish allowance does not include time for box undersides or unexposed parts This would be an estimator judgment item on the estimate as well as any additional setup times or booth cycles The current refinish allowance is correct according to Audatex internal refinish procedures and is considered to be one setup and one continuous paint application Additional information regarding Edges Jambs Undersides in Audatex DBRM can be accessed by clicking HERE Section 44 Refinish Guidelines Edges Jambs Undersides Some parts require refinishing undersides or other interior surface edges Edging is performed prior to surface refinish as a preparation step to refinishing the entire surface of the job at the same time Edging is generally done with the parts off the vehicle prior to installation Audatexs study shows significantly less refinish labor per area for edges jambs or undersides than for the surface refinishing To receive the labor for edges jambs or undersides the panel must be replaced and refinish must be selected for that panel When a repair is being performed labor for edges jambs or undersides needs Estimating Tip Mitchell Audatex CCC20132018 Toyota RAV4 Inner Rear Body Panel Section Procedure 20132018 Toyota RAV4 inner rear body panel may allow a section procedure that may let the technician perform a small or large repair for sectioning the rear body panel and not requiring a full panel replacement This can save the vehicle from having an intrusive repair as outlined in the TOYOTA TIS documents Estimators and technicians are encouraged to always check OEM repair documents for approved repair and sectioning procedures set by the OEM manufacture CCC Mitchell and Audatex each have sectioning or partial replacement labor set up in the database for this specific model It is important to read Access to OEM Repair instructions can be located by vising wwwoem1stopcom or clicking the link from the DEG Estimate Tool Box page Estimating Tip CCC One Verifying Correct Database Version Sometime users may experience incomplete or outdated information in the CCC database as a result of using an incorrect version Users can confirm which version they are using by going to ESTIMATE PROPERTIES in the Estimate Tab to confirm the database version date If the date is past than 30 days old or if you are still experiencing issues you can contact CCC Technical Support at 8006378511 to assist in running an update Estimating Tip Mitchell No refinish time for brackets braces minor components and interior structure DEG Inquiry 11562 explains Mitchell does not develop refinish times for brackets braces minor components and interior structure parts of a vehicle This will require an on the spot evaluation and a manual entry for such needed repairs Individual refinish times are not developed for brackets braces minor components or interior structure Should a component require refinish individually Mitchell Estimating provides functionality to allow the user to manually input a refinish time for that component PLEASE REFERENCE THE FOLLOWING FROM THE LABOR GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION OF THE PROCEDURE EXPLANATIONS UNDER COMPREHENSIVE LABOR TIMES COMPREHENSIVE LABOR TIME WHILE COMPLETENESS IS STRIVED FOR IN EACH GUIDE THERE WILL BE INSTANCES HOWEVER IN WHICH A LABOR TIME HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR AN OPERATION AT THE TIME OF PUBLICATION IF AN ITEM REQUIRES REPLACEMENT AND CAN BE REPLACED AS AN INDIVIDUAL ITEM BUT SHOWS NO TIME A TIME SHOULD BE AGREED UPON AMONG ALL PARTIES AND RECORDED ON THE DAMAGE REPORT IT ALSO SHOULD NOT BE INFERRED THAT A COMPONENT WITH NO ESTABLISHED MITCHELL LABOR TIME HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN ANOTHER COMPONENTS LABOR ALLOWANCE Estimating Tip Audatex Understanding Combination Front Suspension Overlap Labor When reading Audatex labor report you may notice Combination Frt Susp Overlap Labor This is considered labor to raise and support the vehicle This overlap is in conjunction with another labor value on the repair order Section 55 glossary of Audatex Terms Combination Suspension The Audatex term for raising and supporting a vehicle Navigating Nissan Tech Info 121317 Nissan USA published a video to the Collision Repair Industry showing users how to access information via wwwnissantechinfocom Users can visit the video directly by watching below or clicking here and watching the 449 minute tutorial This will guide users how to obtain bulletins and technical information for Nissan vehicles As always users can access Nissantechinfo via wwwoemonestopcom Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video CCCAssembly Line Components In some situations an OEM may substitute a Catalog Service Part with an Assembly Line Component that may include additional Service Parts An Assembly Line Component may require removing OEM Spot Welds and separating a SubComponent Service Part from the Main Assembly this is considered a Partial Part Replacement The time necessary to perform this type of operation should be estimated after an onthespot evaluation of required procedure If the Assembly Line Component is to be replaced as received the time required for Full Replacement should be determined after an onthespot evaluation of required procedures Example of a Honda Civic inner structure component that required trimming at a factory approved seam for installation Estimating Tip Mitchell CCC Audatex Drill Holes for Park Sensor or Lamps When ordering replacement parts the part may not come with the appropriate mounting holes for installing park sensors or side marker lights If a part needs to be modified to accept PDC or side marker lamps additional labor should be considered on the estimatework order If no time is available in the database for this labor an on the spot evaluation should be considered with all parties involved Some OEMs may have a specific tool to use for this procedure Reference the OEM workshop manuals EPC for notes procedures or supersede documents for the most current information available Mitchell states the following in the Labor General Information section Rework parts t o fit a particular year or model example cutting holes for lamps modifying a radiator support CCCMotor states the following in the Labor Time Premise Does Not Include Section Drilling modification or fabrication of mounting holes Audatex states the following in Section 42 Labor Exclusions Labor for drilling necessary to attach parts eg ornamentation antennas etcStandard Manual Entry M61 is available MitchellDestructive weld testing Destructive weld testing is NOT INCLUDED in labor allowances in Mitchell estimating system The cost of materials associated with weld testing is also NOT INCLUDED in the labor guide Its important to follow OEM repair procedures and bulletins posted by the OEM and ICAR for proper welding machine settings welding wire allowance as well as weld thru primer allowances Visit OEM1STOP as well as ICAR RTS Team for technical information CCC Sectioning Time Not Listed in Database Some OEMs allow parts to be sectioned or partially replaced at a factory seam When this repair option is being considered and no section time is available the user can still enter a manual entry labor time agreed upon by all parties and still show section on the estimate to be compliant It is important to follow OEM Procedures and Bulletins posted by the OE to ensure proper repairs are being completed Audatex Extending Clear Coat to Nearest Breaking Point or Panel There is no set formula when a user must extend clear coat on an adjacent panels breaking point Section 44 of the DBRM states the following When the estimator enters a judgment time for refinish labor the estimator also determines the included operations Operations that might be considered in the repair refinish time include any steps required to bring the panel to the condition of a new undamaged panel This may include feather edge blow off and clean mask to prime tack off mix etch primer prime bare metal mix and apply primer filler guide coat application unmask as required and block sand Panel scuff to facilitate application of clear may also be considered for two or threestage Section 44 of the DBRM also states the following is included with the TwoStage Allowance Cover the car Tack wipe Gather materials Mix and apply clear coat Cleanup Removing the surface refinish labor and only leaving the Twostage labor is not the correct method of calculating extension of clear coat on adjacent panels to a break point Preparation accounts for 436 of the refinish labor alone Read the Repairer Driven News RDN article wherein Audatex shares stats on its allinclusive refinish times The article can be found by clicking here Mitchell CCC Audatex Storing Electrical Presets and Redeploying Customer Presets Modern vehicle technology may have memory function set by the vehicle owner which may need to be considered during the repair process Memory functions may include the following seat position radio presets clock mirrors as well as ADAS features Advance Drivers Assist Systems Customers rely on these settings to be restored as it was when it arrived to the repair facility Documenting and resetting these features are NOT included in labor times from all three estimating systems A good check in process will document these settings prior to starting repairs as well as communication with the vehicle owner to make them aware of the possibility of losing certain presets during the repair process Mitchell ADAS Advance Drivers Assist Systems Mounted to Windshield When RI or RR of windshield is selected ADAS Systems ie in example cameras and sensors mounted to the glass are not included in glass labor time unless otherwise noted in the Procedure Explanation section Cameras and Sensor option may be added using the Add to section in the parts selection menu or a manual entry may be considered Check with the OEM Workshop Manual to determine if required calibration process must be performed following installation of the glass It is also important to verify and only use OEMApproved urethane for the bonding process Access to OEM work shop information manuals can be located wwwoem1stopcom or visiting httpsrtsicarcom DEG Estimating Tip CCC Filtered Tab The Filter Drop down tab allows users to filter Parts to Right and Left side only The filter tab also allows users to validate parts only to the VIN decoded options in CCCMotor In the event the vehicle is equipped with nondecoded trim or engine option parts the user should unfilter the parts database to see an expanded view of all available parts for the model platform Omissions found in the database with filtered and unfiltered parts should still be submitted to WWWDEGWEBORG for changes to be made in the estimating platform DEG Estimating Tip Mitchell Symbols on Estimate Report Next to the Dollar Amount and Labor Units columns you may find an or a symbol next to the input value A symbol represents a judgement item A symbol represents that a labor note applies A C in front of the REFINISH LABOR represents that clear coat labor is considered part of that refinish line DEG Estimating Tip AUDATEX Updates to Database Repair Manual DBRM Audatex has updated recently updated their Database Repair Manual DBRM with new updates Click Here for the online version Click Here to download the complete DBRM Guide PDF All updated folders and topics in the Table of Contents display an asterisk and all updates in a topic are marked in bold and italicized lettering Some recent changes included in Section 42 Labor Exclusions Adhesive curing times OEM aesthetic appearance matching of sealants sound deadening or bonding materials Calibration of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ADAS components Excludes Tesla models through November 2017 Pre andor Post Repair Diagnostic Scans Excludes Tesla models through November 2017 Setup of welding equipment welding materials andor test welding Check the full DBRM for any additional changes made DEG Estimating Tip CCC Reported Labor Times Times do not apply to vehicles with equipment other than that supplied by the vehicle manufacturer as standard or regular production options If other equipment is used the time may be adjusted to compensate for the variables Removal and replacement of exchanged or used parts is not considered If additional aligning or repair must be made such factors should be considered when developing the estimate Items not listed under the INCLUDEDDOES NOT INCLUDE heading for any given procedure have not been considered in the estimated work time development for that procedure unless specified by a footnote All includednot included items DEG Estimating Tip CCCToyota OPT OE Market Value Parts Vendor Toyota has recently announced a new wholesale line of radiators that are NEW OE Parts with a full Toyota warranty at a more competitive price These parts will not automatically show up in CCC without adding them to your parts vendor Click here for Instructions how to add this profile to your vendor list DEG Estimating Tip CCC Labor to Install Spare Tire on the Vehicle When required an additional 03 hours may be necessary to remove a spare tire from its storage location and install it on the hub later remove the spare tire from hub and return it to the original storage location Generally used when a road wheel is removed for repair and the spare tire is temporarily installed in its place DEG Estimating Tip CCC TESLA Database Now Available CCC has officially launched Tesla vehicle database and improved VIN decoding options Please note this is not an approval for every body shop to work on Tesla Vehicles Nonapproved Tesla body shops should still check with Tesla parts departments for part restrictions prior to working on the vehicle as well as understanding the dangers and risk involved working with high voltage systems Users should also note parts are updated frequently and should still confirm with TESLA EPC for most current and up to date information for correct part numbers and pricing Please submit DEG inquiries for any missing or outdated information for Tesla database in CCC at wwwdegweborg Audatex Welder Set up and Test Welds Recent DEG inquiry 11232 Is welder set up and test weld included in welded panel replacement Audatex response is Welder setup and test welds are not included in the labor allowance Language regarding this has been added to a list of future considerations for the Database Reference Manual CCCMOTOR Updates to GTE and RACED GTE CCCMOTOR has updated both GTE Guide To Estimating and RACED GTE August 2017 with updates Click Here for the Latest Version of GTE Guides Rev 817 All updated folders and topics in the GTE Table of Contents display a star and all updates in a topic are marked in blue Page G3 General Information Page G19 Roof Headliner Page G34 Refinish Time Premise Underside Colors Matte Flat Refinishes 4 Stage Refinish Flexible panels components The following changes were made in the RACED GTE Page G3 and G4 General Information Heading Page G34 Refinish Time Premise Underside Colors 4 Stage Refinish Page G43 Matte Flat Refinishes Page G44 Flexible Panels Components Mitchell Detail LIne Notes It is important to review if any Detail LIne Notes apply to your part selection in Mitchell database Important information can be found here for additional operations parts required one time use or included operations when selecting a component part of the repair plan How to Add Three Stage Paint Calculations in Mitchell For the system to recognize and calculate three stage paint finish labor user must write the estimate as normal with refinish blend operations labor added Click on the REF SHEET Tab Additional Operations Refinish Select Three stage You can also enter quick code 933014 in the upper right corner and the system will add Three Stage Once you calculate the estimate a line will appear for Three Stage Instead of the clear coat line First major panel or soft bumperfascia cover Add 7 per refinish hour 70 after time has been added for jamb jamb and interior edge panel andor underside when necessary Additional panels andor other refinish areas Deduct overlap if applicable add 4 per refinish hour 40 after time has been added for jamb jamb and interior edge panel andor underside when necessary Blend adjacent panels Allow 7 per refinish hour 70 for each panelsrefinish areas blended How to Add Three Stage Calculations in Audatex For the system to recognize and calculate three stage paint finish the user must select Three Stage Paint option from the vehicle options User must go to the Vehicle Category Additional vehicle options Paint Select Three Stage Paint user defined from the drop down menu Hint You may also enter the color code The system may recognize and automatically switch over to three stage Audatexs Threestage formula is Setup time of 10 hour upon selection of the first major panel plus 35 of Audatex estimate refinish labor Audatexs blend formula is 50 of Audatex estimate refinish labor after overlap consideration including twostage or threestage allowances if applicable for the panel to be blended How to Add Three Stage Calculation in CCC ONE For the system to recognize and calculate three stage paint finish the user must select Three Stage Paint option from the vehicle options Then user must go to the Vehicle Category Options Paint Check off Three Stage Paint First major panel Add 70 to refinish time Each additional panel Add 40 to refinish time Each blended adjacent panel or area 70 of blend panels base refinish time DEG Estimating Tip Mitchell Pre and Post Repair Scan Mitchell has now included Pre and Post Repair Scan to its estimating system software These lines can be access thru the Ref Sheet Additional Operations Diagnostics or Quick Code s 931127 for Pre Repair Scan and or 931128 for Post Repair Scan Its still up to the user to input an agreed upon labor and or dollar amount for actual labor charges DEG Estimating Tip Audatex Labor Report The Audatex Labor Report Shows the operations that may be performed for each panel on the estimate This report includes the guide number where any overlap has been considered the full labor of the panel before overlap consideration and all operations that may be applicable for a specific estimate The Labor Report is specific for each vehicle and provides a breakdown of included operations This report is viewable on screen or printable for any estimate To view the Labor report Select Estimate reportsDocument to view Select Labor from the drop down DEG Estimating Tip Ability to Override Labor Category When Doing a Frame Replacement All three estimating systems Audatex CCC and Mitchell allow the user to manually override the labor type category when doing a frame replacement on a full frame vehicle Example If the user wants to charge MECHANICAL on the Frame Replacement Labor Mitchell and Audatex allow you to choose from the drop down menu Mechanical in the labor type column In CCC the user would need to code the labor line as M on the right side of the labor column DEG Estimating Tip CCC Audatex Storage and Protection of Removed and Loose Parts Recent user inquiry 11017 estimated work times do not include wrap parts label and warehouse components that are removed from the vehicle however MOTORs estimated work times do Include normal care handling of components that are removed from the vehicle MOTOR recommends negotiating wrap parts label and warehouse with all interested parties in the event such conditions are required Audatex states this also would be a manual entry in their system CCC Procedure Page Tip Glass Urethane Preparation In the Motor Guide listed under Stationary Glass Windshield Glass and Back Glass Special Notation states the following Time for the removal of old adhesive clean and preparation of sealing surfaces vehicle andor glass should be estimated after an on the spot evaluation Audatex Panel Repair DEG Inquiry 10966 inquired about damage to an adjacent panel when replacing a welded on structural component Please see the DRM section 42 Labor exclusions Replace labor does not include additional labor to repair the replaced panel and or adjacent panels which may become distorted burned or damaged by welding drilling grinding and straightening Additional labor for removal of parts that have been impeded by crash damage access labor Standard Manual Entry M62 is available CCC Procedure Page Tip Refinish Overlap on Grille DEG Inquiry 10893 identified that the CCC estimating system was taking a refinish labor overlap deduction on a grille that was a separate color from the vehicle body If the grille and hood are two different colors then they are two separate procedures like a bumper Except the clear coat is a matte finish No overlap deduction should be taken when calculating refinish time for items from this category Please note The estimating system is not able to determine if the part is a different color or if its refinished during a procedure separate from the main component This will require a manual deletion of the Refinish Overlap if the part is a different color or if its refinished during a procedure separate from the main component A combination of items from this category refinished during a single continuous procedure should be subject to the appropriate Adjacent or NonAdjacent overlap formula deduction Refer to Inquiry 10893 for further details CCC Procedure Page Tip Wheels When replacing a wheel in CCC the labor times that are included are listed in the following image Please make note that wheel balancing and the cost of weights are not included as well as the other items listed This information can be found under the wheel section of the Guide to Complete Repair Planning click title to view entire document this information is located on pages 6 7 CCC Parts Search Function Having trouble locating a part in the CCC One database CCC has a search bar feature where you can search by a valid part number or part description This is especially useful for damaged parts you are unsure about but are able to access the part number from the part itself When using the part number search function always exclude spaces hyphens dashes from the number when searching Example Instead of 72380SDAA01 use 72380SDAA01 Audatex Custom User Defined Labor Rates In the most recent Audatex software release the program now allows users to make User Defined Labor Rate entries This is especially helpful when working on complex vehicle designs with advance types of vehicle construction used A user can now charge a separate rate for aluminum carbon fiber or any other type of specialty material they are working on A User Defined Rate can be accessed thru the Rate Section The user can manually change the charge category on a specific labor or part line and charge the correct labor rate for that specific line they are working on Seam Sealer Application in Audatex The labor to apply seam sealer is an included operation in Audatex but if there are any special processes required for the application to duplicate the appearance masking or equipment setup would require manual consideration with a manual line This can be found in DEG inquiry 10505 The Society of Collision Repair Specialists recently released a video also addressing seam sealer considerations and the role they play in the corrosion protection process Click here to watch the video Window Tint in Mitchell Replacing the aftermarket window tint is a not included operation in Mitchell This can be found in the Mitchell Estimating Guide under glass RR and would require a manual line for the judgment time Second Color in CCC One Refinish time for the underside of hoods Lids or Gates does not include mixing of a different color This is also true when selecting edging of a part Both of these items can be found in the MOTOR Guide to Estimating on pages G37 and G38 Shop Materials in Mitchell Estimating Labor times in Mitchell estimating do not take into account the cost of any materials This would include the cost of hazardous materials recycling or disposal This can be found in the Mitchell Estimating Guide on page P3 A link to the most current copy of the Mitchell Estimating guide can be found here and also on the DEG website Audatex Notes Unlike CCC and Mitchell Audatex does not make use of database generated labor notes Audatex at times will use the part description to identify important information like NonReusable parts or color references For example a 2013 Ford Escape shows the Quarter Panel Glass as a NONREUSABLE PART in the parts description Protect Interior in CCC One Protection of components or interior during the repair is a not included operation in CCC One This can be found in DEG inquiry 10435 After review MOTORs estimated work times do not include protection of components andor vehicle Structural Component List in CCC One On page G6 of the MOTOR Guide to estimating there is a list of structural components for Unibody and Body over frame vehicles These components will show a lowercase s to the left of the labor amount on the estimate but that line will not automatically be calculated at the structural rate End users need to add an S to column to the right of the labor amount in order for labor to calculate at the structural labor rate set in your system Aligning Hood Hinges in CCC One Alignment of the Hinges is not included with Hood RIRR or alignment in CCC One This can be found in DEG inquiry number 10351 Alignment of the Hinges is not included with Hood RIRR or alignment Hinge alignment is included with hinge RIRR Determining an estimated work time to align of the Hinges would require an on the spot evaluation when the estimate is being written Labels in Mitchell Estimating System Mitchell Estimating does not provide any allowances for information labels These need to be addressed as estimate on site and by the number of labels being replaced This can be found in DEG inquiry number 3417 Chipguard in Audatex Audatexs chipguard formula is 03 for the first panel and 02 per each additional panel but this does not take into account the size of the panel DEG Inquiry 9478 shows that this formula accounts for up to 8 and if the requirements fall outside of the defined areas these additional needs would need to be accounted for manually Wheel Balance is not included with wheel replacement in CCC One Balancing of the wheel is a not included operation when replacing a wheel in CCC One This can be found in the footnotes of CCC and also in DEG inquiry 5404 Option selection in CCC One Its important to have the correct options selected in the vehicle options tab on your estimating system For example when the Fog lamps are selected in the Vehicle Options tab the Front bumper cover wo fog lamps will not display To see the Front bumper cover wo fog lamps part please deselect the Fog Lamp option This can be found in DEG inquiry 9272 Transparent Colors in Audatex Some colors may require additional coats of base material or tinting of the primer sealer because they are more transparent than other colors These additional steps would not be included in the Audatex refinish time and would require a manual line This can be found in the Audatex DBRM on page 161 Some colors have been identified by the paint makers as very transparent These colors may require tinting the primersealer or additional coats of base materials to achieve a correct match hiding If this is necessary to achieve a visual color match hiding any application of base color beyond the third base coat may require an adjustment of the refinish labor and material allowance Clear Coat Inner Panels in Audatex To make sure you receive clear coat for inner panels in Audatex you must have TwoStage listed under the vehicle section of the estimate This section is just above the vehicle options section Example 1 below shows TwoStage next to Int Refinish so this estimate will calculate clear coat for inner panels Example 2 below does NOT show TwoStage next to Int Refinish so this estimate would not calculate clear coat for inner panels This is very important to review with all estimates but most important when the estimate user has the option selected to NOT show the refinish breakdown under the refinish line Example 1 Example 2 Test Fit Parts Test fit parts is a not included operation in all three estimating systems Audatex states in DEG Inquiry 2491 We have reviewed your inquiry and in the reference manual section 43 Replacement Recycled Operations there is a statement under Included Operations Front End CoverPanel Reasonable adjustment and alignment as defined by the manufacturer using conventional fasteners andor hardware Our labor includes time for normal adjustment and alignment for fit one time If a part needs to be removed multiple times to duplicate these efforts that is not included in our labor times CCC shows in Inquiry 9360 Test fitting of a panel inorder to determine alignmentstraightening of the adjacent panels and or flanges is not included with the Outer Panel labor allowance Mitchell also states in DEG Inquiry 6689 IF A TECHNICIAN DETERMINES THAT A TRIAL FIT IS REQUIRED TO CHECK FOR PROPER AND CORRECT FIT TO VEHICLE THIS WOULD NOT BE INCLUDED IN RIRR OF A COMPONENT Mixing toners in Mitchell is a not included operation DEG Inquiry 9220 shows Mixing individual toners from a mixing bank per a formula to create a quantity of paint for a specific paint color or code is not included in any published Mitchell labor time It goes on to say that determining the correct color variation is not included as well and gives 2 examples of how retrieving that variation could be accomplished Determining the correct variant of a specific paint code by utilizing variant card decks or by using an automated tool that examines the color of the vehicle finish to arrive at a correct formulation to mix toners to create a quantity of paint of a specific color is not included in any Mitchell refinish time Clear Coat Edges in CCC One When repairing a panel if you need to refinish the edge you must select the edging option under the part Doing this allows for refinish of the edge but does not include clear coat for the edge To add clear coat to the edge you must right click the Add for Edging line of the estimate then select clear coat This would be for most any panel that allows the user to edge Bumper prompt in CCC One When selecting the bumper prompt option in CCC One it is important to consider how the bumper will be refinished If you are painting the bumper cover with the vehicle BUT you need to add a flex to a different clear coat mix CCC states in DEG Inquiry 5321 According to the Guide to Estimating page G36 any component clear coated as a separate procedure is not included If the Bumper Cover requires a different clear coat mix because of flex additives a separate procedure is required This holds true for the majority of flexible components and recommended refinishing techniques Manual change to a line of an estimate If the estimate user changes a line in the estimate each estimating system notes that there was a change Audatex shows at the bottom of every estimate in the ops code that an asterisk UserEntered Value CCC also states in the footer of an estimate that an Asterisk or Double Asterisk indicates that the parts andor labor data provided by third party sources of data may have been modified or may have come from an alternate data source Mitchell shows at the end of an estimate that an asterisk Judgment item Clear Coat Extension in Audatex When refinishing a part it may be necessary to extending the clear coat to the edge of an adjacent panel This formula is not supported in Audatex and the estimate user will need to select either the full refinish allowance or the blend refinish allowance or create a manual entry for the operation they wish to accomplish It would be up to the discretion and judgment of the professional estimate preparer to determine which operation best suits their repair situation This can be found in DEG inquiry number 8462 Estimating Guides When replacing a component with a used part it is important that you follow the recycled estimating guide for your system or you will likely not be capturing necessary labor items that are associated with the use of used parts CCCMotor utilize the RACE guide and it can be found here Audatex shows Recycled included and not included operations in Audatex Database Reference Manual Mitchell does not print a separate guide for recycled assemblies but they can be found within the estimating system Cover and Protect interior in CCC The additional work needed to cover and protect the vehicle during welding is a not included operation in CCC The resolution for DEG inquiry number 9300 states Items that are not listed under the INCLUDEDDOES NOT INCLUDE heading for any given procedure have not been considered in the estimated work time development for that procedure unless specified by a footnote Therefore the additional work to cover and protect items are not included and should be an on the spot evaluation Pre fit not included in Audatex DEG inquiry 2491 shows that prefit in Audatex is a not included operation We have reviewed your inquiry and in the reference manual section 43 Replacement Recycled Operations there is a statement under Included Operations Front End CoverPanel Reasonable adjustment and alignment as defined by the manufacturer using conventional fasteners andor hardware Our labor includes time for normal adjustment and alignment for fit one time If a part needs to be removed multiple times to duplicate these efforts that is not included in our labor times Seam Sealer in Audatex Audatex states in DEG inquiry number 1157 that seam sealer is a body operation The Audatex database includes the labor for seam sealing where required per the OEM manufacturer service procedures and this labor is allotted in the body repair allowance not the refinish allowance The cost of body materials are not addressed within the Audatex database The Audatex time for replacement of a panel includes the labor to apply the seam sealer but does not included the removal of the existing seam sealer per DEG inquiry 2951 CCC Seam Sealer CCC states in DEG inquiry number 6781 that Some replacement components may or may not be supplied with duplicated OEM caulkseam sealer This is not included in RR time and requires an onthespot evaluation Missing Labor If the labor time for a component is missing from your estimating system you should not assume that the labor is included with another operation Mitchel states in DEG inquiry 7872 that it is not to be inferred that a component with no established Mitchell labor time has been included in another CCCMotor say All operations listed as included should display as INCL during the estimate process regardless if they have an estimated work time published in DEG inquiry 7823 Pinch Weld Damage in CCC The repair needed to address pinch weld damage after a vehicle has been setup on a frame machine is a not included operation in CCC This can be found in the Motor Guide to Estimating on page G10 under the not included labor times CCC Spray Out Panel One of the new additions to the Motor Guide to Estimating shows that test spray out panel is a not included operation with clear coat finishes If you perform this operation during the refinish process you would need to create a manual entry for the time needed to test spray out panel This can be found on page G36 in the Motor Guide to Estimating All three estimating guides can be found on the DEG website wwwdegweborg under Estimate Toolbox Clear Coat Extension in Audatex Audatex does not have a clear coat only formula so if there is a need to extend your clear coat to an adjacent panel the user must select either the full refinish of the panel blend for the panel or create a manual entry An example would be when repairing a quarter panel and there is no line to stop the clear coat so you must clear into the roof and possibly the other quarter This can be found in DEG inquiry 8462 Bleed brakes in CCC does not include bleeding the ABS pump The estimated work time of 05 hour applied to Bleed Brake System is for those situations when the Brake Hydraulic Line is open at one or all four Suspension Points caliperwheel cylinder Bleeding the ABS Unit was not considered in the estimated time allowance for Bleed Brake System This information can be found in DEG inquiry number 8843 CCC Bumper Prompt Indicator If the symbol is next to a bumper line on your estimate this indicates the bumper refinish operation WILL NOT be performed as a separate procedure from the other panels in the estimate Meaning the user selected NO when asked if the bumper will be refinished in a separate procedure from the other panels This symbol will only show on the printed copy of the estimate and selecting yes or no to the bumper prompt will impact how the estimate calculates overlap Labor Exclusions in Audatex Page 54 of the Audatex Database Reference Manual has a list of labor exclusions that need to be considered during the estimate process Below are a few items that are on the list Removal of panel bonding adhesive material RI of Injected Structural foam Removal of part number labels A copy of the most current Database Reference Manual can be found on the DEG website under the Estimating Toolbox link Motor releases updated Guide to Estimating The Guide to Estimating has been updated and can be found in your CCC estimating system by clicking the Guide icon on the right side of the screen A full copy of the guide can also be found on the DEG website Visit wwwdegweborg and click Estimate Toolbox then select CCC One Along with the Guide Motor has updated the RACE guide which is to be used when selecting recycled parts The updated RACE guide can be found on the DEG website in the same area For comparison the DEG has the previous versions of both guides listed on the website Changes to the guide are shown in blue lettering with the online version Below are a few quick notes about the updated Guide Page G10 under Labor Time Does not include has the addition Test for water leaks except Windshield Back Glass and Stationary Glass Page G34 under Prime and Block Motor states Prime and block as a refinishing process Page G36 under Clear Coat Finishes Does Not Include has the additions Texture matching and Test sprayout panel Frame Machine Setup In CCC is Not Included Due to the different types of frame machines used in the collision repair industry labor times for frame machine setup are not developed by MOTOR nor otherwise included in any operation Each frame machine manufacturer may have its own unique configurations and setup processes This can be found in the Motor Guide to Estimating on page G5 Truck Bed Underside Refinish Painting the underside of a bed is a not included operation in Audatex CCC and Mitchell This can be found in the below inquires Audatex 8184 The refinish allowance for the COMPLETE BED ASSEMBLY GN 0511 includes the following panels The Audatex refinish allowance does not include the underside of the bed as stated in the Database Reference Manual The Audatex refinish time does not include inner surface backside of the outer bedside panels No changes are warranted at this time The database is working as designed Outer bedside panels Inner bedside panels Front bed panel Fuel filler pocket Exposed surface of bed floor CCC 2990 Research Response MOTOR stated According to the OEM paint found on the underside of the pickup box side panel is an artifact of the factory refinish process overspray This may be evidenced by uneven paint application bare spots etc MOTOR does not take the position that the underside of the pickup box side panel should not be returned to preaccident condition However determining the estimated work time to refinish the underside of the pickup box side panel in various stages of completeness and quality if refinished at all is best left up to the judgment of estimators using an onthespot evaluation Mitchell 3080 LABOR ALLOWANCES ARE AS FOLLOWS REFINISH PICKUP BED ASSY COMPLETE INCLUDES TAILGATE STD BED WSRUNNER MODEL85 WO SRUNNER MODEL REGULAR CAB XTRA CAB85 DOUBLE CAB80 STEPSIDE BED85 INCLUDES REFINISH FLOOR INSIDE PANELS LABOR ALLOWANCES DO NOT INCLUDE REFINISH UNDERSIDE AT THIS TIME USER WILL HAVE TO MANAULLY SELECT REFINISH UNDERSIDE FROM CEG NO CHANGES AT THIS TIME Bleed Brakes in CCC The estimated work time of 05 applied to Bleed Brake System is for those situations when the Brake Hydraulic Line is open at one or all four Suspension Points The 5 labor does not included bleeding the ABS system if necessary This info can be found in DEG inquiry 8843 Complete vehicle refinish in Mitchell Under Procedure 28 of the Mitchell Estimating Guide states that Refinish times are for new undamaged parts and not intended for calculating complete vehicle refinish Page 16 of the Mitchell Estimating Guide Refinish times in this Guide pertain to NEW UNDAMAGED PARTS and are not intended for calculating complete vehicle refinishsingle or multistage The material for bagging a vehicle in Audatex Audatex includes the time in the labor However the estimate preparer decides what is or is not included in the Paint Materials This can be found on page 182 of the Audatex Database Reference Manual Adhesive backing removal in CCC The labor time in CCC for moldings Nameplates and Emblems includes the installation time only It does not include the time needed to remove the old adhesive backing This can be found in the Motor Guide to Estimating on page G33 and also in DEG inquiry 7698 CCC Footnotes Take Precedence Footnotes may contain vehicle specific information and the content of footnotes is in addition to and takes precedence over information in the Guide to Estimating pages for the operation indicated This can be found in DEG inquiry number 8659 Collision Access Before starting repairs or even the estimate it may be necessary to cut push or pull damaged panels to gain access to the vehicle This is a not included operation in all three estimating systems Audatex Located on Page 54 under labor exclusions in the Database Reference Manual is Additional labor for removal of parts that have been impeded by crash damage access labor Standard Manual Entry M62 is available CCC Page G10 of the Motor Guide to Estimating under Time Does Not Include states Cutting pulling or pushing collision damaged parts for Access Mitchell Shown in Additions to Labor Times on page P3 of the Mitchell Estimating Guide is Access Time Remove extensively damaged parts by cutting pushing pulling etc Not every chip guard is the same in Audatex Replacing the chipguard on a vehicle may require additional operations that are specific to a vehicle Audatex states Chipguard defines the Audatex automated formula for this operation When special requirements are needed for a specific vehicle the estimator would have to account for those requirements manually No changes warranted at this time in DEG Inquiry 8452 Car Cover in CCC During the repair process it may be necessary to cover the vehicle to prevent overspray This operation may be performed multiple times and each time you cover the vehicle then remove the cover a labor value of 2 should be added CCCMotor state in DEG inquiry number 8533 Since the operation may be performed multiple times during any given repair process an onthespot evaluation is required to determine how many times this operation should be utilized and who should perform this operation Furthermore the inquiry states the material costs are not included in any labor time and that Material costs Frequently asked questions in the Audatex Database Reference Manual Section 52 of the Audatex Database Reference Manual DBRM covers 40 questions that you may find helpful during the estimate or repair process Does bagging and masking include the cost of the bag When you replace a floor pan with Audatex does the paint labor allowance include both sides of the pan or just the part inside the trunk These are just a couple of questions that are answered in the FAQ section on pages 176184 of the DBRM If you do not have a copy of the Audatex DBRM the MOTOR Guide to Estimating or Mitchells Collision Estimating Guide you can visit the DEG website wwwdegweborg and links to all three estimating system resources are located at the top of the page Bleeding The Coolant System After the replacement of a coolant component it may be necessary to remove the air from the system or bleed the system This process may require opening a valve to remove the air similar to a brake caliper but can require more complex procedures of attaching a vacuum machine andor following more detailed OEMspecific instructions These procedures are not included operations with Audatex and Mitchell estimating software This can be found in the procedural pages of both products but also in DEG inquiries 3761 and 3851 CCCMotor states this operation is included with the labor of the coolant part If you are replacing a coolant part in CCC and do not think the time is adequate to replace the part AND bleed the coolant system you can submit an inquiry to the DEG and we will address the labor time with CCC Submit an inquiry by visiting the DEG website at wwwdegweborg and clicking the green arrow that says Open Inquiry Adding a new Aluminum rate category in CCC Aluminum repair is becoming more common and if you have CCC One you have the option of adding an aluminum rate category outlined in the procedure below Audatex and Mitchell do not currently allow the enduser to create a new rate category and it must be accounted for manually Navigate to the profile under the configure link Select the profile you would like to change On the left side expand the estimating folder then rates folder and click Labor Click Add Charge Category Input the Name of the category and dollar amount Remember the code for future use Once the rate category is in the system you can add it to a repair or replace line by clicking the box next to the labor amount and inputting the code for the new aluminum rate Feather Prime and Block is a refinish operation All three estimating systems state the Feather Prime and Block FPB operation is a refinish procedure Audatex Has the option to add FPB to a repair panel but also states in DEG inquiry number 8061 FPB is recognized as a refinish operation and is so denoted within the body of the estimate CCC Says FPB is a refinish operation in DEG inquiry number 6824 Prime and Block is a refinish operation and is not included in any labor operation Mitchell Just like Audatex and CCC Mitchell states FPB is a refinish operation in DEG inquiry number 3727 FEATHER PRIME BLOCK IS THE NOTINCLUDED REFINISH OPERATION Remember to setup your Audatex profile to calculate FPB materials This can be found in a previous estimating tip Audatex Feather Prime and Block In order to calculate for materials Audatex users must go into each unique profile within the estimating system and define the materials rate for Feather Prime and Block in the rate tab Like all undefined rates this will default to 000 until defined by the user During the estimate preparation process you must factor the necessary time for feather prime and block into the repair time and then allocate the portion of the total repair hours that they want apply to the Feather Prime and Block operation Audatex Labor Report Labor times listed in the Audatex estimating system are constructed differently than other estimating products and uniquely use an inside out approach to defining labor units Audatex provides an Audatex Labor Report which documents the approach used in the development of their published time This report can be printed along with the estimate and can be useful in determining things such as included operations and overlaps deductions Below is an excerpt from the Audatex PPages DBRM Audatex Labor Report Shows the operations that may be performed for each panel on the estimate This report includes the guide number where any overlap has been considered the full labor of the panel before overlap consideration all operations that may be applicable for a specific estimate The Labor Report is specific for each vehicle and provides a breakdown of included operations This report is viewable on screen or printable for any estimate Also dont forget that in the back of the PPages in Audatex is a frequently asked questions section There are 40 questions with answers that could help during the estimaterepair process Estimating systems contain information to assist in producing an estimate to document the repair of a collision damaged vehicle however each information provider stated that their products are to be used as a guide The information is a tool but can not replace the experience of the trained professional physically inspecting the damage and performing the repair CCC On page G10 the Motor Guide to Estimating states The times reported in this publication are to be used as a guide only Audatex On page 50 the Database Reference Manual states Labor supplied in an Audatex estimate is intended for use as a guide for collision repair Mitchell On page 2 the Collision Estimating Guide states THE LABOR TIMES SHOWN IN THE GUIDE ARE IN HOURS AND TENTHS OF AN HOUR 6 MINUTES AND ARE FOR REPLACEMENT WITH NEW UNDAMAGED PARTS FROM THE VEHICLE MANUFACTURER ON A NEW UNDAMAGED VEHICLE Any additional time needed for collision DAMAGE ACCESS ALIGNMENT PULLS NONORIGINAL EQUIPMENT or USED PARTS should be agreed upon by all parties Times for some operations are applicable after necessary bolted attached or related parts have been removed Exceptional circumstances including all the suboperations or extra operations are indicated as notes throughout the text or are identified in the Procedure Explanations The actual time taken by individual repair facilities to replace collision damaged parts can be expected to vary due to severity of collision vehicle condition equipment used etc Refinish edge and refinish inside is 2 different operations with CCC ONE In DEG inquiry 8374 CCC states depending on the refinish damage andor refinish requirements one or both may be selected they go on to define the 2 as follows Visualize a driver side front door 1 The exterior surface paint time is for the door skin This is the surface that faces outside of the car when the door is closed 2 The inside is the inside of the door shell this is the surface area that faces the driver and interior of vehicle when the door is closed 3 The edge is the area between the exterior and interior surface This would be the crimped area as well as the portion of the door which the user describes as the jamb area This is the area that faces the lock pillar Weld Damage Weld damage is a not included operation in all three estimating systems Audatex On page 56 of the Database Reference Manual it states the following under Labor Exclusions Replace labor does not include additional labor to repair the replaced panel and or adjacent panels which may become distorted burned or damaged by welding drilling grinding and straightening CCC Page G39 of the Guide to Estimating shows SPECIAL NOTATION Suggested refinish operation times do not include additional time for repair of damage to adjacent panels resulting from normal cutting welding and grinding procedures The amount of damage can vary considerably depending upon process and technique used by the servicing technician and therefore is impractical to anticipate in this publication MOTOR recommends these factors be considered before finalizing any repair cost estimate Typical areas to be considered are Illustrated below Mitchell The Mitchell guide shows the following on page P16 under Not Included Operations Feather Prime Block paint damage to adjacent panel andor panels joined by welding due to burn damage see Feather Prime Block definition under Refinish General Information Covering Vehicle For Weld Damage Covering the interior and adjacent panels to prevent weld spark damage during welding is a not included operation in CCC This is explained in DEG inquiry number 7851 According to the MOTOR Guide To Estimating Items that are not listed under the INCLUDEDDOES NOT INCLUDE heading for any given procedure have not been considered in the estimated work time development for that procedure unless specified by a footnote Therefore the additional work to cover and protect items are not included and should be an on the spot evaluation LKQ Quarter in CCC When replacing an LKQ quarter panel in CCC the labor time is for more than just the outer skin unless noted with a footnote As seen in DEG inquiry 4817 Please note that replacing the OEM quarter panel and replacing a LKQ quarter assembly are apples and oranges comparisons According to the MOTOR Recycled Assemblies Guide To Estimating page G29 Assembly is serviced with quarter outer panel quarter inner structure wheelhouse lock pillar and extensions According to the OEM GTE Page G22 Quarter panel RR times are generally based upon replacement at the factory seams If replacing an LKQ part in CCC the RACE Guide from Motor should be utilized This guide can be found on the DEG website Bagging or Car Cover in Audatex The labor for bagging or car Cover is an included operation with Audatex refinish but as seen on page 180 of the Audatex PPages the estimate preparer decides what is or is not included with the paint materials Having a paint materials list displayed in your facility could be a useful tool when negotiating what is or is not included Ppages Estimate guides or Ppages are a critical part of the estimate process Each guide shows included and not included items but also key information for refinishing and common labor options like color sand and buff A current copy of all three estimating systems PPages can be found on the DEG website Its important to know the PPages for your system but its just as important to know the Ppages for a system you do not have CCC has new additions or changes in blue text and Audatex creates a strike through for changed text Remember to utilize the RACE guide for used parts in CCC and the Recycled column in Audatex Mixing Paint It is important to know which processes are included and more importantly notincluded in your specific estimating system The Audatex refinish allowance accounts for mixing the color for the factory paint code and one tint cycle to match the paint on the vehicle See inquiry 8089 Mitchell includes mix materials in their refinish procedure but color match or tinting is not included See inquiry 8092 CCC includes retrieving accurate color information including paint chip and the mixing of additives ex thinner reducer hardener etc to the premixed color This is referred to as mix paint Test sprayout panel and tinting to achieve color match is not included in Motor Crash Estimating Data refinish allowance Mixing Systems enable refinishers to mix the desired color by combining paint toners this formulation of color is not included See inquiry 4486 Labor Prompts in CCC Labor prompts need to be setup for Edging Underside Inside Bumper refinish Aim Lamps and EvacuateRecharge in CCC ONE These prompts can be displayed when writing an estimate and you set the default in the profile section Go to Configure Profiles Select your profile and then click Labor Prompts This must be done for each profile in your system Audatex Feather Prime and Block In order to calculate for materials Audatex users must go into each unique profile within the estimating system and define the materials rate for Feather Prime and Block in the rate tab Like all undefined rates this will default to 000 until defined by the user During the estimate preparation process you must factor the necessary time for feather prime and block into the repair time and then allocate the portion of the total repair hours that they want apply to the Feather Prime and Block operation Fabrication of Sleeves Creating a sleeve or backing plate is not included in CCC Audatex and Mitchell included the labor for sleeves as long as it is from existing stock DEG Inquiries 6405 3856 and 3857 Drilling Backup Sensors Drilling the hole for a backup sensor is a not included operation in Audatex and CCC Audatex Per the Audatex DBRM section 42 Labor for drilling necessary to attach parts eg ornamentation antennas etc and DEG reference inquiry 7816 CCC Has an Add if required option in the estimating system Additional information can be found in the estimating guide on page G10 Drilling modification or fabrication of mounting holes Reset of Electrical Components The resetting of electrical components is a NOT included operation in Audatex CCC or Mitchell Air bag lights initializing of a power window and steering angle sensors are just a few examples of items that require a manual line for the labor amount needed 7465 6710 5845 Foam The labor for application or removal of foam is not included in CCC or Audatex and requires a manual line for the labor amount needed Materials for the foam are not included as well 2481 and 5223 Wash Vehicle Do you wash or clean a vehicle before repairs This is a not included operation in CCC and needs to be added to the estimate DEG inquiry 6948 Audatex AC Lines When replacing an AC line in Audatex the labor time allocated is for basic disconnect and connect of the line It does not include the time needed to remove the line from the vehicle That would need to be a manual entry as per DEG Inquiry 4818 Refinish Underside in CCC Apron assemblies do include refinishing the underside as per inquiry number 7970 but floors and roofs do not include refinish the underside 3985 and 6071 Missing Labor Just because there is no labor time in the system DOES NOT mean the labor is included with another operation Inquiry 7987 is a great example | [
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http://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc03/index.shtml | ยง 801 ยง 802 ยง 803 ยง 804 ยง 805 ยง ยง 806 ยง 811 ยง 812 ยง 813 ยง ยง 814 ยง 820 ยง 821 ยง 822 ยง 823 ยง 824 ยง 825 ยง 826 ยง 826A ยง 827 ยง 828 ยง 829 ยง 830 ยง 831 ยง 832 ยง ยง 833 ยง 835 ยง 836 ยง 837 ยง ยง 838 ยง 840 ยง 840A ยง 841 ยง 841A ยง 841B ยง 841C ยง 842 ยง 843 ยง 844 ยง 845 ยง 846 ยง 847 ยง 848 ยง 849 ยง 850 ยง 851 ยง 852 ยง 852A ยง 853 ยง 854 ยง 854A ยง 855 ยง 856 ยง 857 ยง 858 ยง 859 ยง 860 ยง 861 ยง 862 ยง 863 ยง ยง 864 ยง 871 ยง 872 ยง 873 ยง ยง 874 ยง 876 ยง 877 ยง 878 ยง ยง 879 ยง 881 ยง 882 ยง ยง 883 ยง 891 ยง 892 ยง 893 ยง ยง 894 ยง 900 ยง 900A ยง 901 ยง 902 ยง 903 ยง 903A ยง 904 ยง 905 ยง 906 ยง 907 ยง 907A ยง 907B ยง 907C ยง 908 ยง 909 ยง 910 ยง 911 ยง 912 ยง 913 ยง 913A ยง 914 ยง 915 ยง 915A ยง 916 ยง 917 ยง 918 ยง 919 ยง 920 ยง 921 ยง 922 ยง 923 ยง 924 ยง 924A ยง 925 ยง 926 ยง ยง 927 ยง 931 ยง 932 ยง 933 ยง 934 ยง 935 ยง 936 ยง 937 ยง 938 ยง 939 ยง 940 ยง 941 ยง 951 TITLE 11 Crimes and Criminal Procedure Delaware Criminal Code CHAPTER 5 . SPECIFIC OFFENSES Subchapter III . Offenses Involving Property A . Arson and Related Offenses ยง 801 Arson in the third degree ; affirmative defense ; class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of arson in the third degree when the person recklessly damages a building by intentionally starting a fire or causing an explosion . ( b ) In any prosecution under this section it is an affirmative defense that no person other than the accused had a possessory or proprietary interest in the building . Arson in the third degree is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 801 ; 58 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 130 , ยง 8 70 Del . Laws , c . 186 , ยง 1 . ยง 802 Arson in the second degree ; affirmative defense ; class D felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of arson in the second degree when the person intentionally damages a building by starting a fire or causing an explosion . ( b ) In any prosecution under this section it is an affirmative defense that : ( 1 ) No person other than the accused had a possessory or proprietary interest in the building , or if other persons had such interests , all of them consented to the accused ' s conduct ; and ( 2 ) The accused ' s sole intent was to destroy or damage the building for a lawful purpose ; and ( 3 ) The accused had no reasonable ground to believe that the conduct might endanger the life or safety of another person or damage another building . Arson in the second degree is a class D felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 802 ; 58 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 130 , ยง 8 70 Del . Laws , c . 186 , ยง 1 . ยง 803 Arson in the first degree ; class C felony . A person is guilty of arson in the first degree when the person intentionally damages a building by starting a fire or causing an explosion and when : ( 1 ) The person knows that another person not an accomplice is present in the building at the time ; or ( 2 ) The person knows of circumstances which render the presence of another person not an accomplice therein a reasonable possibility . Arson in the first degree is a class C felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 803 ; ยง 804 Reckless burning or exploding ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) A person is guilty of reckless burning or exploding when the person intentionally starts a fire or causes an explosion , whether on the person ' s own property or on another ' s , and thereby recklessly places a building or other real or personal property of another in danger of destruction or damage or places another person in danger of physical injury . ( b ) Reckless burning or exploding shall be punished as follows : ( 1 ) Where the total amount of pecuniary loss caused by the burning or exploding , when totaled for all victims , is less than $ 1,500 , such burning or exploding shall be a class A misdemeanor . ( 2 ) Where the total amount of pecuniary loss caused by the burning or exploding , when totaled for all victims , is $ 1,500 or more , such burning or exploding shall be a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 804 ; 70 Del . Laws , c . 186 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 344 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 . ยง 805 Cross or religious symbol burning ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of cross or religious symbol burning when the person burns , or causes to be burned , any cross or other religious symbol , upon any private or public property without the express written consent of the owner of such property and without a minimum of 48 hours advanced notification of the proposed burning to the fire board or call board of the county in which the burning is to take place . Cross or religious symbol burning is a class A misdemeanor . 69 Del . Laws , c . 106 , ยง 1 ยง ยง 806 - 810 . [ Reserved . ] ยง 811 Criminal mischief ; classification of crime ; defense . ( a ) A person is guilty of criminal mischief when the person intentionally or recklessly : ( 1 ) Damages tangible property of another person ; or ( 2 ) Tampers with tangible property of another person so as to endanger person or property ; or ( 3 ) Tampers or makes connection with tangible property of a gas , electric , steam or waterworks corporation , telegraph or telephone corporation or other public utility , except that in any prosecution under this subsection it is an affirmative defense that the accused engaged in the conduct charged to constitute an offense for a lawful purpose . ( b ) Criminal mischief is punished as follows : ( 1 ) Criminal mischief is a class G felony if the actor intentionally causes pecuniary loss of $ 5,000 or more , or if the actor intentionally causes a substantial interruption or impairment of public communication , transportation , supply of water , gas or power , or other public service ; ( 2 ) Criminal mischief is a class A misdemeanor if the actor intentionally or recklessly causes pecuniary loss in excess of $ 1,000 ; ( 3 ) Otherwise criminal mischief is an unclassified misdemeanor ; ( 4 ) If an actor commits an act of criminal mischief of any degree on or along a " Delaware byway , " as defined in ยง 101 of Title 17 , the court shall impose a minimum mandatory fine of at least $ 500 . ( c ) It is a defense that the defendant has a reasonable ground to believe that the defendant has a right to engage in the conduct set forth in subsection ( a ) of this section . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 811 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 6 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 186 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 14 77 Del . Laws , c . 350 , ยง 1 . ยง 812 Graffiti and possession of graffiti implements ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor ; class B misdemeanor . ( a ) ( 1 ) A person is guilty of the act of graffiti when the person intentionally , knowingly or recklessly draws , paints , etches or makes any significant mark or inscription upon any public or private , real or personal property of another without the permission of the owner . ( 2 ) Graffiti is a class A misdemeanor , unless the property damage caused thereby exceeds $ 1500 , in which case it is a class G felony . The penalty for graffiti shall include a minimum fine of not less than $ 1000 which shall not be subject to suspension , restitution for damages to the property and 250 hours of community service , at least 1 / 2 of which shall be served removing graffiti on public property . The minimum fine and community service hours shall be doubled for a second or subsequent conviction of an ( b ) ( 1 ) A person is guilty of possession of graffiti implements when the person possesses any tool , instrument , article , substance , solution or other compound designed or commonly used to etch , paint , cover , draw upon or otherwise place a mark upon a piece of property which that person has no permission or authority to etch , paint , cover , draw upon or otherwise mark , under circumstances evidencing an intent to use the same in order to commit an act of graffiti or damage such property . ( 2 ) Possession of graffiti implements is a class B misdemeanor . The penalty for possession of graffiti implements shall include a minimum fine of not less than $ 500 which shall not be subject to suspension , restitution for damages to the property and 100 hours of community service , at least 1 / 2 of which shall be served removing graffiti on public property . The minimum fine and community service hours shall be doubled for a second or subsequent conviction of possession of graffiti implements . 71 Del . Laws , c . 464 , ยง 1 75 Del . Laws , c . 68 , ยง 1 76 Del . Laws , c . 377 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 181 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 77 Del . Laws , c . 350 , ยง 2 . ยง 813 Theft of property from a cemetery . A person commits theft of property from a cemetery when , with the intent as prescribed in ยง 841 of this title , the person exercises control over flowers , burial mounds , mementos or any other property left by its owner in a cemetery for purposes of honoring the dead ; provided , however , that this section shall not be applicable to employees of a cemetery who remove property from a grave site pursuant to cemetery regulations . Whoever commits theft of property from a cemetery shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor . 78 Del . Laws , c . 125 , ยง 1 . ยง ยง 814 - 819 . [ Reserved . ] B . Criminal Trespass and Burglary ยง 820 Trespassing with intent to peer or peep into a window or door of another ; class B misdemeanor . A person is guilty of trespassing with intent to peer or peep into a window or door of another when the person knowingly enters upon the occupied property or premises of another utilized as a dwelling , with intent to peer or peep into the window or door of such property or premises and who , while on such property or premises , otherwise acts in a manner commonly referred to as " Peeping Tom . " Any person violating this section may be referred by the court to the Delaware Psychiatric Center for examination and for treatment . Justices Trespassing with intent to peer or peep into a window or door of another is a class B misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 820 ; 70 Del . Laws , c . 550 , ยง 1 . ยง 821 Criminal trespass in the third degree ; a violation . A person is guilty of criminal trespass in the third degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully upon real property . Criminal trespass in the third degree is a violation . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 821 ; ยง 822 Criminal trespass in the second degree ; unclassified misdemeanor . A person is guilty of criminal trespass in the second degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a building or upon real property which is fenced or otherwise enclosed in a manner manifestly designed to exclude intruders . Criminal trespass in the second degree is an unclassified misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 822 ; ยง 823 Criminal trespass in the first degree ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of criminal trespass in the first degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a dwelling or building used to shelter , house , milk , raise , feed , breed , study or exhibit animals . Criminal trespass in the first degree is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 823 ; 65 Del . Laws , c . 482 , ยง 1 ยง 824 Burglary in the third degree ; class F felony . A person is guilty of burglary in the third degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime therein . Burglary in the third degree is a class F felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 824 ; ยง 825 Burglary in the second degree ; class D felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of burglary in the second degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully : ( 1 ) In a dwelling with intent to commit a crime therein ; or ( 2 ) In a building and when , in effecting entry or while in the building or in immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime : a . Is armed with explosives or a deadly weapon ; or b . Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime . Burglary in the second degree is class D felony , except where the person who suffers physical injury is a person 62 years of age or older in which case any violation of this section shall be a class C felony . ( b ) Notwithstanding any provision of this section or Code to the contrary , any person convicted of burglary in the second degree shall receive a minimum sentence of : ( 1 ) One year at Level V ; or ( 2 ) Three years at Level V , if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of a previous conviction for burglary first or second degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for burglary first or second degree conviction . Any sentence imposed pursuant to this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of ยง 4215 of this title . ( c ) The sentencing provisions of subsection ( b ) of this section apply to attempted burglary in the second degree as well as burglary in the second degree . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 825 ; 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง 7 74 Del . Laws , c . 106 , ยง 4 74 Del . Laws , c . 345 , ยง 4 . ยง 826 Burglary in the first degree ; class C felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of burglary in the first degree when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a dwelling at night with intent to commit a crime therein , and when , in effecting entry or when in the dwelling or in immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime : ( 1 ) Is armed with explosives or a deadly weapon ; or ( 2 ) Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime . Burglary in the first degree is a class C felony , except where the person who suffers physical injury is a person 62 years of age or older in which case any violation of this section shall be a class B felony . ( b ) Notwithstanding any provision of this section or Code to the contrary , any person convicted of burglary in the first degree shall receive a minimum sentence of : ( 1 ) Two years at Level V ; or ( 2 ) Four years at Level V , if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of a previous conviction for burglary first or second degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for burglary first or second degree conviction . Any sentence imposed pursuant to this subsection shall not be subject to the provisions of ยง 4215 of this title . ( c ) The sentencing provisions of subsection ( b ) of this section apply to attempted burglary in the first degree as well as burglary in the first degree . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 826 ; 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง 8 74 Del . Laws , c . 106 , ยง 5 74 Del . Laws , c . 345 , ยง 5 . ยง 826A Home invasion ; class B felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of home invasion when the person knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in a dwelling with intent to commit a violent felony therein , and : ( 1 ) That dwelling is occupied by another person who is not a participant in the crime ; and ( 2 ) When , in effecting entry or when in the dwelling or in immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime engages in the commission of , or attempts to commit , any of the following felonies : a . Robbery in any degree ; b . Assault in the first or second degree ; c . Murder in any degree ; d . Manslaughter ; e . Rape in any degree ; f . Kidnapping in any degree ; and ( 3 ) When , in effecting entry or when in the dwelling or in immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime : a . Is armed with explosives or a deadly weapon ; or b . Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime . Home invasion is a class B felony . ( b ) ( 1 ) Notwithstanding any provision of this section or Code to the contrary , any person convicted of home invasion shall receive a minimum sentence of : a . Six years at Level V ; or b . Eight years at Level V , if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of a previous conviction for home invasion or burglary first or second degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for home invasion or burglary first - or second - degree conviction . ( 2 ) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph ( b ) ( 1 ) of this section or any provision of this section or Code to the contrary , any person convicted of home invasion where the other person present in the dwelling , who is not another participant in the crime , is a person 62 years of age or older shall receive a minimum sentence of : a . Seven years at Level V ; or b . Nine years at Level V , if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of a previous conviction for home invasion or burglary first or second degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 5 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for home invasion or burglary first or second degree conviction . ( c ) The sentencing provisions of subsection ( b ) of this section apply to attempted home invasion as well as home invasion . 78 Del . Laws , c . 252 , ยง 1 . ยง 827 Multiple offenses . A person may be convicted both of burglary or home invasion and of the offense which it was the purpose of the person ' s unlawful entry to commit or for an attempt to commit that offense . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 827 ; 78 Del . Laws , c . 252 , ยง 6 . ยง 828 Possession of burglar ' s tools or instruments facilitating theft ; class F felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of possession of burglar ' s tools or instruments facilitating theft when , under circumstances evidencing an intent to use or knowledge that some other person intends to use the same in the commission of an offense of such character , the person possesses any tool , instrument , or other thing adapted , designed , or commonly used for committing or facilitating : ( 1 ) Offenses involving unlawful entry into or upon premises , ( 2 ) Offenses involving the unlocking , overriding , or disabling of a security device without authorization , ( 3 ) Offenses involving forcible breaking or opening of safes , vending machines , automatic teller machines , lock boxes , gates , doors or any container or depositories of property , or ( 4 ) The offense of identity theft , such as a credit card , driver license or other document issued in a name other than the name of the person who possesses the document . ( b ) Possession of burglar ' s tools or instruments facilitating theft is a class F felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 828 ; 70 Del . Laws , c . 478 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 72 Del . Laws , c . 297 , ยง 2 75 Del . Laws , c . 162 , ยง 1 . ยง 829 Definitions relating to criminal trespass , burglary and home invasion . ( a ) " Burglar ' s tool or instruments " includes the term " bump key " which is a type of key used for a specific lock picking technique called lock bumping . ( b ) " Dwelling " means a building which is usually occupied by a person lodging therein at night . ( c ) A person " enters " upon premises when the person introduces any body part or any part of any instrument , by whatever means , into or upon the premises . ( d ) A person " enters or remains unlawfully " in or upon premises when the person is not licensed or privileged to do so . A person who , regardless of intent , enters or remains upon premises which appear at the time to be open to the public does so with license and privilege unless the person defies a lawful order not to enter or remain , personally communicated by the owner of the premises or another authorized person . A license or privilege to enter or remain in a building which is only partly open to ( e ) The " intent to commit a crime therein " may be formed prior to the unlawful entry , be concurrent with the unlawful entry or such intent may be formed after the entry while the person remains unlawfully . ( f ) " Night " means a period between 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise . ( g ) " Premises " include the term " building " as defined in ยง 222 of this title , and any real property . ( h ) " Security device " includes any lock , whether mechanical or electronic ; or any warning device designed to alert a person or the general public of a possible attempt to gain unlawful entry into or upon premises or a possible attempt to unlock , bypass or otherwise disable a lock . ( i ) A person possesses burglar tools or instruments facilitating theft " under circumstances evincing an intent to use or knowledge that some other person intends to use " such when the person possesses the tools or instruments at a time and a place proximate to the commission or attempt to commit a trespass , burglary , home invasion , or theft - related offense or otherwise under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for what lawful uses the tools or instruments may have . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 829 ; 70 Del . Laws , c . 478 , ยง 3 76 Del . Laws , c . 267 , ยง 1 76 Del . Laws , c . 310 , ยง 1 78 Del . Laws , c . 252 , ยง ยง 7 , 8 . ยง 830 [ Reserved . ] C . Robbery ยง 831 Robbery in the second degree ; class E felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of robbery in the second degree when , in the course of committing theft , the person uses or threatens the immediate use of force upon another person with intent to : ( 1 ) Prevent or overcome resistance to the taking of the property or to the retention thereof immediately after the taking ; or ( 2 ) Compel the owner of the property or another person to deliver up the property or to engage in other conduct which aids in the commission of the theft . Robbery in the second degree is a class E felony . ( b ) In addition to its ordinary meaning , the phrase " in the course of committing theft " includes any act which occurs in an attempt to commit theft or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission of the theft . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 831 ; 65 Del . Laws , c . 517 , ยง 1 68 Del . Laws , c . 129 , ยง 4 71 Del . Laws , c . 47 , ยง 1 . ยง 832 Robbery in the first degree . ( a ) A person is guilty of robbery in the first degree when the person commits the crime of robbery in the second degree and when , in the course of the commission of the crime or of immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime : ( 1 ) Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime ; or ( 2 ) Displays what appears to be a deadly weapon or represents by word or conduct that the person is in possession or control of a deadly weapon ; or ( 3 ) Is armed with and uses or threatens the use of a dangerous instrument ; or ( 4 ) Commits said crime against a person who is 62 years of age or older ; or ( 5 ) Threatens death upon another . Robbery in the first degree is a class B felony . ( b ) Notwithstanding any provisions of this section or Code to the contrary , any person convicted of robbery in the first degree shall receive a minimum sentence of : ( 1 ) Three years at Level V ; or ( 2 ) Five years at Level V , if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 10 years of the date of a previous conviction for robbery in the first degree or if the conviction is for an offense that was committed within 10 years of the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement imposed pursuant to a previous conviction for robbery in the first degree , whichever is the later date . ( c ) The sentencing provisions of this section apply to attempted robbery in the first degree as well as robbery in the first degree . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 832 ; 59 Del . Laws , c . 547 , ยง 6 60 Del . Laws , c . 240 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 63 Del . Laws , c . 329 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 130 , ยง ยง 8 , 13 68 Del . Laws , c . 129 , ยง 5 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง 9 74 Del . Laws , c . 93 , ยง 1 74 Del . Laws , c . 106 , ยง 6 74 Del . Laws , c . 345 , ยง 6 80 Del . Laws , c . 358 , ยง 1 . ยง ยง 833 , 834 . [ Reserved . ] ยง 835 Carjacking in the second degree ; class E felony ; class D felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of carjacking in the second degree when that person knowingly and unlawfully takes possession or control of a motor vehicle from another person or from the immediate presence of another person by coercion , duress or otherwise without the permission of the other person . ( b ) ( 1 ) Except as provided in paragraph ( b ) ( 2 ) of this section , carjacking in the second degree is a class E felony . ( 2 ) Carjacking in the second degree is a class D felony if the elements of subsection ( a ) of this section are met and if , while in possession or control of the vehicle , the person : a . Recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another person ; or b . Compels a lawful occupant of the vehicle to leave the vehicle ; or c . Causes the vehicle to be operated recklessly . ( c ) It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that the offender did not physically drive or operate the motor vehicle , nor is it a defense under this section that the offender did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or another person of the use of the vehicle . ( d ) This section is not a related or included offense of ยง 831 or ยง 832 of this title . Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude prosecution under any other provision of this Code . 72 Del . Laws , c . 34 , ยง 1 . ยง 836 Carjacking in the first degree ; class C felony ; class B felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of carjacking in the first degree when the person knowingly and unlawfully takes possession or control of a motor vehicle from another person or from the immediate presence of another person by coercion , duress or otherwise without the permission of the other person , and : ( 1 ) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person commits or attempts to commit a class D or greater felony ; or ( 2 ) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person drives or operates the vehicle in violation of ยง 4177 of Title 21 ; or ( 3 ) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person commits any offense set forth in Chapter 47 of Title 16 ; or ( 4 ) While in possession or control of such vehicle or while in the course of taking or attempting to take possession or control of such vehicle the person displays what appears to be a deadly weapon or represents by word or conduct that the person is in possession or control of a deadly weapon . ( 5 ) While in possession or control of such vehicle the person causes physical injury to another person ; or ( 6 ) The person from whom possession or control of the vehicle is taken , or an occupant or passenger of such vehicle , is 62 years of age or older or 14 years of age or younger . ( b ) Carjacking in the first degree as defined in paragraphs ( a ) ( 1 ) , ( a ) ( 2 ) and ( a ) ( 3 ) of this section is a class C felony . Carjacking in the first degree as defined in paragraphs ( a ) ( 4 ) , ( a ) ( 5 ) and ( a ) ( 6 ) of this section is a class B felony . ( c ) It is no defense to a prosecution under this section that the offender did not physically drive or operate the motor vehicle , nor is it a defense under this section that the offender did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or another person of the use of the vehicle . ( d ) It is no defense to a prosecution under paragraph ( a ) ( 6 ) of this section , that the accused did not know the age of the person from whom possession or control of the vehicle is taken , or an occupant or passenger of such vehicle , or that the accused reasonably believed such person to be under the age of 62 or over the age of 14 . ( e ) For the purpose of any prosecution under paragraph ( a ) ( 5 ) of this section , it is unnecessary to prove the accused ' s state of mind with regard to causation of physical injury , notwithstanding the provisions of ยง 251 or ยง 252 of this title or any other statute to the contrary . ( f ) This section is not a related or included offense of ยง 831 or ยง 832 of this title . Nothing in this section shall be deemed to preclude prosecution under any other provision of this Code . 72 Del . Laws , c . 34 , ยง 2 74 Del . Laws , c . 93 , ยง 2 . ยง 837 Definitions relating to carjacking . ( a ) " Another person " includes the owner of the vehicle or any operator , occupant , passenger of the vehicle or any other person who has an interest in the use of the vehicle which the offender is not privileged to infringe . ( b ) " Motor vehicle " or " vehicle , " in addition to its ordinary meaning , includes any watercraft . 72 Del . Laws , c . 34 , ยง 3 . ยง ยง 838 , 839 . [ Reserved . ] D . Theft and Related Offenses ยง 840 Shoplifting ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) A person is guilty of shoplifting if , while in a mercantile establishment in which goods , wares or merchandise are displayed for sale , the person : ( 1 ) Removes any such goods , wares or merchandise from the immediate use of display or from any other place within the establishment , with intent to appropriate the same to the use of the person so taking , or to deprive the owner of the use , the value or possession thereof without paying to the owner the value thereof ; or ( 2 ) Obtains possession of any goods , wares or merchandise by charging the same to any person without the authority of such person or to a fictitious person with a like intent ; or ( 3 ) Conceals any such goods , wares or merchandise with like intent ; or ( 4 ) Alters , removes or otherwise disfigures any label , price tag or marking upon any such goods , wares or merchandise with a like intent ; or ( 5 ) Transfers any goods , wares or merchandise from a container in which same shall be displayed or packaged to any other container with like intent ; or ( 6 ) Uses any instrument whatsoever , credit slips or chose in action to obtain any goods , wares or merchandise with intent to appropriate the same to the use of the person so taking or to deprive the owner of the use , the value or the possession thereof without paying to the owner the value thereof . ( b ) Any person wilfully concealing unpurchased merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment , inside or outside the premises of such store or other mercantile establishment , shall be presumed to have so concealed such merchandise with the intention of converting the same to the person ' s own use without paying the purchase price thereof within the meaning of subsection ( a ) of this section , and the finding of such merchandise concealed upon the person or among the belongings of such person , outside of such store or other mercantile establishment , shall be ( c ) A merchant , a store supervisor , agent or employee of the merchant 18 years of age or older , who has probable cause for believing that a person has intentionally concealed unpurchased merchandise or has committed shoplifting as defined in subsection ( a ) of this section , may , for the purpose of summoning a law - enforcement officer , take the person into custody and detain the person in a reasonable manner on the premises for a reasonable time . ( d ) A merchant , a store supervisor , agent or employee of the merchant 18 years of age or older who detains , or a merchant , a store supervisor , agent or employee of the merchant who causes or provides information leading to the arrest of any person under subsection ( a ) , ( b ) or ( c ) of this section , shall not be held civilly or criminally liable for such detention or arrest provided they had , at the time of such detention or arrest , probable cause to believe that the Shoplifting is a class G felony when the goods , wares or merchandise shoplifted are of the value of $ 1,500 or more , or when the goods , wares or merchandise shoplifted are from 3 or more separate mercantile establishments and were shoplifted in the same or continuing course of conduct and the aggregate value of the goods is $ 1,500 or more . When the goods , wares or merchandise shoplifted are of the value of less than $ 1,500 , it is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 840 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 1 61 Del . Laws , c . 35 , ยง 1 61 Del . Laws , c . 482 , ยง 1 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 2 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 2 72 Del . Laws , c . 222 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 1 . ยง 840A Use of illegitimate retail sales receipt or Universal Product Code Label . ( a ) A person who , with intent to cheat or defraud another , possesses , uses , transfers , makes , alters , counterfeits or reproduces a retail sales receipt or Universal Product Code Label is guilty of an offense under this section . ( b ) A person convicted of violating this section shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor , unless the person is convicted of possessing 15 or more illegitimate retail sales receipts or Universal Product Code Labels or the aggregate value of the money , property or services illegally obtained or credited to an account is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class F felony . 73 Del . Laws , c . 31 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 2 . ยง 841 Theft ; class B felony ; class D felony ; class F felony ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor ; restitution . ( a ) A person is guilty of theft when the person takes , exercises control over or obtains property of another person intending to deprive that person of it or appropriate it . Theft includes the acts described in this section , as well as those described in ยง ยง 841A - 846 of this title . ( b ) A person is guilty of theft if the person , in any capacity , legally receives , takes , exercises control over or obtains property of another which is the subject of theft , and fraudulently converts same to the person ' s own use . ( c ) ( 1 ) Except where a victim is 62 years of age or older , or an " adult who is impaired " as defined in ยง 3902 ( 2 ) of Title 31 , or a " person with a disability " as defined in ยง 3901 ( a ) ( 2 ) of Title 12 , theft is a class A misdemeanor unless the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . ( 2 ) Where a victim is 62 years of age or older , or an " adult who is impaired " as defined in ยง 3902 ( 2 ) of Title 31 , or a " person with a disability " as defined in ยง 3901 ( a ) ( 2 ) of Title 12 , theft is a class G felony unless the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class F felony . ( 3 ) Notwithstanding paragraphs ( c ) ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section : a . Where the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is more than $ 50,000 but less than $ 100,000 , theft is a class D felony ; b . Where the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is $ 100,000 or more , theft is a class B felony . ( d ) Upon conviction , the sentencing judge shall require full restitution to the victim for any monetary losses suffered and shall consider the imposition of community service and / or an appropriate curfew for a minor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 841 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 2 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 3 69 Del . Laws , c . 315 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 209 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 364 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง ยง 10 , 11 76 Del . Laws , c . 98 , ยง 3 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 3 78 Del . Laws , c . 179 , ยง ยง 83 - 91 , 371 78 Del . Laws , c . 353 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 . ยง 841A Theft of a motor vehicle ; class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of theft of a motor vehicle when the person takes , exercises control over or obtains a motor vehicle of another person intending to deprive the other person of it or appropriate it . ( b ) As used in this section " motor vehicle " means an automobile , motorcycle , van , truck , trailer , semitrailer , truck tractor and semitrailer combination , or any other vehicle which is self - propelled , which is designed to be operated primarily on a roadway as defined in ยง 101 of Title 21 , and in , upon or by which any person or property is or may be transported . " Motor vehicle " as used in this section shall not include any device that is included within the definitions of " ( c ) Theft of a motor vehicle is a class G felony . 75 Del . Laws , c . 290 , ยง 1 . ยง 841B Theft : Organized retail crime ; class A misdemeanor ; class E felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of " theft : organized retail crime " when the person takes , exercises control over , or obtains retail merchandise of another person intending to deprive that person of it , or receives stolen property in violation of ยง 851 of this title , in quantities that would not normally be purchased for personal use or consumption , with the intent to appropriate or to resell or reenter the merchandise into commerce . ( b ) For purposes of this section , a series of organized retail crime thefts committed by a person or group of persons may be aggregated into 1 count or charge , with the sum of the value of all the retail merchandise being the value considered in determining the degree of theft : organized retail crime . ( c ) In addition to the provisions of ยง 841 ( c ) and ( d ) of this title , if a defendant has 2 or more times been convicted of theft : organized retail crime , the offense of theft : organized retail crime is a class E felony . 76 Del . Laws , c . 98 , ยง 4 . ยง 841C Possession or theft of a prescription form or a pad . ( a ) A person in possession of a blank prescription form or pad who is not a practitioner as defined in this section shall be guilty of a class G felony . " Possession " in addition to its ordinary meaning , includes location on or about the defendant ' s person , premises , belongings , vehicle or otherwise within the defendant ' s reasonable control . ( b ) A person is guilty of theft of a blank prescription form or pad when the person is not a practitioner as defined in this section and takes , exercises control over , obtains or receives , produces or reproduces any facsimile or counterfeit version of , or transfers , uses , gives , or sells any copies , facsimiles or counterfeit versions , a prescription form or pad of a practitioner with the intent to deprive the practitioner of the use thereof or to facilitate the commission of drug diversion . ( 1 ) A " practitioner " means : a . A physician , dentist , veterinarian , scientific investigator or other person licensed , registered or otherwise permitted to distribute , dispense , conduct research with respect to or to administer a controlled or noncontrolled substance in the course of professional practice or research in this State . b . A pharmacy , hospital or other institution licensed , registered , or otherwise permitted to distribute , dispense , conduct research with respect to or to administer a controlled or noncontrolled substance in the course of professional practice or research in this State . ( 2 ) Theft of a blank prescription form or pad is a class F felony . 77 Del . Laws , c . 161 , ยง 1 . ยง 842 Theft ; lost or mislaid property ; mistaken delivery . A person commits theft when , with the intent prescribed in ยง 841 of this title , the person exercises control over property of another person which the person knows to have been lost or mislaid , or to have been delivered under a mistake as to the identity of the recipient or the nature or value of the property , without taking reasonable measures to return the property to its owner . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 842 ; ยง 843 Theft ; false pretense . A person commits theft when , with the intent prescribed in ยง 841 of this title , the person obtains property of another person by intentionally creating or reinforcing a false impression as to a present or past fact , or by preventing the other person from acquiring information which would adversely affect the other person ' s judgment of a transaction . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 843 ; ยง 844 Theft ; false promise . A person commits theft when , with the intent prescribed in ยง 841 of this title , the person obtains property of another person by means of a representation , express or implied , that the person or a third person will in the future engage in particular conduct , and when the person does not intend to engage in such conduct or , as the case may be , does not believe the third person intends to engage in such conduct . The accused ' s intention or belief that a promise would not be performed may not be 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 844 ; ยง 845 Theft of services . ( a ) A person commits theft when , with the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title , the person obtains services which the person knows are available only for compensation by deception , threat , false token , false representation or statement or by installing , rearranging or tampering with any facility or equipment or by any other trick , contrivance or any other device to avoid payment for the services . ( b ) In any prosecution for theft of services where services have been obtained from a public utility by the installation of , rearrangement of or tampering with any facility or equipment owned or used by the public utility to provide such services , without the consent or permission of the public utility , or by any other trick or contrivance , it shall be a rebuttable presumption that the person to whom the services are being furnished has created , caused or knows of the condition which is a violation of this section . ( c ) A person who has obtained services from a public utility by installing , rearranging or tampering with any facility or equipment owned or used by the public utility to provide such services , or by any other trick or contrivance , is presumed to have done so with an intent to avoid , or to enable others to avoid , payment for the services involved . ( d ) The rebuttable presumptions referred to in subsections ( b ) and ( c ) of this section shall not apply to any person to whom such services have been furnished for less than 31 days or until there has been at least 1 meter reading . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 845 ; 61 Del . Laws , c . 227 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 ยง 846 Extortion ; class E felony . A person commits extortion when , with the intent prescribed in ยง 841 of this title , the person compels or induces another person to deliver property to the person or to a third person by means of instilling in the victim a fear that , if the property is not so delivered , the defendant or another will : ( 1 ) Cause physical injury to anyone ; or ( 2 ) Cause damage to property ; or ( 3 ) Engage in other conduct constituting a crime ; or ( 4 ) Accuse anyone of a crime or cause criminal charges to be instituted against anyone ; or ( 5 ) Expose a secret or publicize an asserted fact , whether true or false , tending to subject anyone to hatred , contempt or ridicule ; or ( 6 ) Falsely testify or provide information or withhold testimony or information with respect to another ' s legal claim or defense ; or ( 7 ) Use or abuse the defendant ' s position as a public servant by performing some act within or related to the defendant ' s official duties , or by failing or refusing to perform an official duty , in such manner as to affect some person adversely ; or ( 8 ) Perform any other act which is calculated to harm another person materially with respect to the person ' s health , safety , business , calling , career , financial condition , reputation or personal relationships . Extortion is a class E felony , except where the victim is a person 62 years of age or older , in which case any violation of this section shall be a class D felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 846 ; 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง 12 . ยง 847 Theft , extortion ; claim of right as an affirmative defense . ( a ) In any prosecution for theft or extortion it is an affirmative defense that the property was appropriated by the actor under a claim of right , made in good faith , to do substantially what the actor did in the manner in which it was done . ( b ) In any prosecution for extortion where the facts are as described in ยง 846 ( 4 ) of this title , it is an affirmative defense that the accused believed the threatened criminal charge to be true and that the accused ' s sole purpose was to compel or induce the victim to take reasonable action to make good the wrong which was the subject of the threatened charge . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 847 ; ยง 848 Misapplication of property ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of misapplication of property when , knowingly possessing personal property of another pursuant to an agreement that it will be returned to the owner at a future time , the person sells , loans , leases , pledges , pawns or otherwise encumbers the property without the consent of the owner thereof in such a manner as to create a risk that the owner will be unable to recover it or will suffer pecuniary loss . Misapplication of property is a class A misdemeanor , unless the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 848 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 3 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 4 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 4 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 4 . ยง 849 Theft of rented property ; class A misdemeanor or class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of theft of rental property if the person , with the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title , takes , destroys , converts , wrongfully withholds or appropriates by fraud , deception , threat , false token , false representation or statement , or by any trick , contrivance or other device to avoid payment for or to otherwise appropriate rental property entrusted to said person . For purposes of this section , " property " shall include the use of vehicles or other movable property . ( b ) If the finder of fact shall find : ( 1 ) That one who has leased or rented the personal property of another , failed to return or make arrangements acceptable to the rentor ( lessor ) to return the property to the rentor or the rentor ' s agent within 10 days after proper notice , following the expiration of the rental ( lease ) contract ; and / or ( 2 ) That one who has leased or rented the personal property of another and has returned such property , failed to make payment , at the agreed rental rate , for the full period which the property was rented or leased , except when said person has a good faith dispute with the owner of the rental property as to whether any payment , or additional payment , is due to the owner of the rental property ; and / or ( 3 ) That the rentee ( lessee ) presented identification to the rentor which was materially false , fictitious or not current with respect to name , address , place of employment or other appropriate items , then the finder of fact shall be permitted , but not required , to presume intent to commit theft . ( c ) As used in subsection ( b ) of this section , " proper notice " shall consist of a written demand by the rentor made after the expiration of the rental period mailed by certified or registered mail to the rentee at : ( 1 ) The address the rentee gave when the rental contract was made ; or ( 2 ) The rentee ' s last known address if later furnished in writing by the rentee or the rentee ' s agent . ( d ) The reasonable and fair market value of the property obtained shall be utilized in determining the amount involved in the theft . ( e ) The following 3 factors , if established by the rentee by a preponderance of the evidence , shall constitute an affirmative defense to prosecution for theft , that the rentee : ( 1 ) Accurately stated the rentee ' s name , address and other material items of identification at the time of the rental ; ( 2 ) Failed to receive the rentor ' s notice personally due in no significant part to the fault of the rentee ; and ( 3 ) Returned the personal property to the rentor or the rentor ' s agent within 48 hours of the commencement of the prosecution , together with any charges for the overdue period and the value of damages ( if any ) to the property . Theft of rented property is a class A misdemeanor , unless the value of the property is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . 69 Del . Laws , c . 110 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 5 70 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง ยง 1 - 3 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 5 . ยง 850 Use , possession , manufacture , distribution and sale of unlawful telecommunication and access devices . ( a ) Prohibited acts โ A person is guilty of a violation of this section if the person knowingly : ( 1 ) Manufactures , assembles , distributes , possesses with intent to distribute , transfers , sells , promotes , offers or advertises for sale , use or distribution any unlawful telecommunication device or modifies , alters , programs or reprograms a telecommunication device : a . For the unauthorized acquisition or theft of any telecommunication service or to receive , disrupt , transmit , decrypt , acquire or facilitate the receipt , disruption , transmission , decryption or acquisition of any telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider ; or b . To conceal , or to assist another to conceal from any telecommunication service provider or from any lawful authority , the existence or place of origin or destination , or the originating and receiving telephone numbers , of any telecommunication under circumstances evincing an intent to use the same in the commission of any offense . ( 2 ) Manufacturers , assembles , distributes , possesses with intent to distribute , transfers , sells , offers , promotes or advertises for sale , use or distribution any unlawful access device ; ( 3 ) Prepares , distributes , possesses with intent to distribute , sells , gives , transfers , offers , promotes or advertises for sale , use or distribution : a . Plans or instructions for the manufacture or assembly of an unlawful telecommunication or access or device under circumstances evincing an intent to use or employ the unlawful telecommunication access device , or to allow the unlawful telecommunication or access device to be used , for a purpose prohibited by this section , or knowing or having reason to believe that the unlawful telecommunication or access device is intended to be so used , or that the plan or instruction is intended to be used for the manufacture of assembly of the unlawful telecommunication or access device ; or b . Material , including hardware , cables , tools , data , computer software or other information or equipment , knowing that the purchaser or a third person intends to use the material in the manufacture of an unlawful telecommunication or access device . ( b ) Criminal penalties โ ( 1 ) Except as provided for in paragraph ( b ) ( 2 ) or ( 3 ) of this section , an offense under this section is an unclassified misdemeanor with a sentence up to 1 year incarceration at Level V , and a fine of up to $ 10,000 for all violations of this section . ( 2 ) A person shall be guilty of a class F felony if : a . The defendant has been convicted previously under this section or convicted of any similar crime in this or any Federal or other state jurisdiction ; or b . The violation of this section involves at least 10 , but not more than 50 , unlawful telecommunication or access devices . ( 3 ) A person shall be guilty of a class D felony if : a . The defendant has been convicted previously on 2 or more occasions for offenses under this section or for any similar crime in this or any federal or other state jurisdiction ; or b . The violation of this section involves more than 50 unlawful telecommunication or access devices . ( 4 ) For purposes of grading an offense based upon a prior conviction under this section or for any similar crime pursuant to paragraphs ( b ) ( 2 ) a . and ( 3 ) a . of this section , a prior conviction shall consist of convictions upon separate indictments or criminal complaints for offenses under this section or any similar crime in this or any federal or other state jurisdiction . ( 5 ) As provided for in paragraphs ( b ) ( 2 ) a . and ( 3 ) a . of this section , in grading an offense under this section based upon a prior conviction , the term " any similar crime " shall include , but not be limited to , offenses involving theft of service or fraud , including violations of the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 ( Public Law 98 - 549 , 98 Stat . 2779 ) . ( 6 ) Separate offenses โ For purposes of all criminal fines established for violations of this section , the prohibited activity established herein as it applies to each unlawful telecommunication or access device shall be deemed a separate offense . ( 7 ) Fines โ For purposes of imposing fines upon conviction of a defendant for an offense under this section , all fines shall be imposed for each unlawful telecommunication or access device involved in the violation . ( 8 ) Restitution โ The court shall , in addition to any other sentence authorized by law , sentence a person convicted of violating this section to make restitution in the manner provided in ยง 4106 of this title . ( 9 ) Forfeiture of unlawful telecommunication or access devices โ Upon conviction of a defendant under this section , the court may , in addition to any other sentence authorized by law , direct that the defendant forfeit any unlawful telecommunication or access devices in the defendant ' s possession or control which were involved in the violation for which the defendant was convicted . ( c ) Venue โ An offense under this section may be deemed to have been committed at either the place where the defendant manufactures or assembles an unlawful telecommunication or access device , or assists others in doing so , or the places where the unlawful telecommunication or access device is sold or delivered to a purchaser or recipient . It shall be no defense to a violation of this section that some of the acts constituting the offense occurred outside of this State . ( d ) Civil action โ ( 1 ) Any person aggrieved by a violation of this section may bring a civil action in any court of competent jurisdiction . ( 2 ) The court may : a . Grant preliminary and final injunctions to prevent or restrain violations of this section ; b . At any time while an action is pending , order the impounding , on such terms as it deems reasonable , of any unlawful telecommunication or access device that is in the custody or control of the violator and that the court has reasonable cause to believe was involved in the alleged violation of this section ; c . Award damages as described in paragraph ( d ) ( 3 ) of this section ; d . In its discretion , award reasonable attorney fees and costs , including , but not limited to , costs for investigation , testing and expert witness fees , to an aggrieved party who prevails ; and e . As part of a final judgment or decree finding a violation of this section , order the remedial modification or destruction of any unlawful telecommunication or access device involved in the violation that is in the custody or control of the violator or has been impounded under subsection ( b ) of this section . ( 3 ) Types of damages recoverable โ Damages awarded by a court under this section shall be computed as either of the following : a . Upon the complaining party ' s election of such damages at any time before final judgment is entered , the complaining party may recover the actual damages suffered by the complaining party as a result of the violation of this section and any profits of the violator that are attributable to the violation and are not taken into account in computing the actual damages . In determining the violator ' s profits , the complaining party shall be required to prove only the violator ' s gross revenue , and the violator shall be required to prove the b . Upon election by the complaining party at any time before final judgment is entered , that party may recover in lieu of actual damages an award of statutory damages of between $ 250 to $ 10,000 for each unlawful telecommunication or access device involved in the action , with the amount of statutory damages to be determined by the court as the court considers just . In any case where the court finds that any of the violations of this section were committed wilfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or private financial gain , the court in ( 4 ) For purposes of all civil remedies established for violations of this section , the prohibited activity established in this section applies to each unlawful telecommunication or access device and shall be deemed a separate violation . ( e ) Definitions โ As used in this section , the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection . ( 1 ) " Manufacture or assembly of any unlawful access device " โ To make , produce or assemble an unlawful access device or modify , alter , program or reprogram any instrument , device , machine , equipment , technology or software so that it is capable of defeating or circumventing any technology , device or software used by the provider , owner or licensee of a telecommunication service , or of any data , audio or video programs or transmissions , to protect any such telecommunication , data , audio or video services , programs or transmissions from unauthorized receipt , acquisition , access , decryption , disclosure , communication ( 2 ) " Manufacture or assembly of unlawful telecommunications device " โ To make , produce or assemble an unlawful telecommunication device or to modify , alter , program or reprogram a telecommunication device to be capable of acquiring , disrupting , receiving , transmitting , decrypting or facilitating the acquisition , disruption , receipt , transmission or decryption of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider , or to knowingly assist others in those activities . ( 3 ) " Telecommunications device " โ Any type of instrument , device , machine , equipment , technology or software which is capable of transmitting , acquiring , decrypting or receiving any telephonic , electronic , data , Internet access , audio , video , microwave or radio transmissions , signals , communications or services , including the receipt , acquisition , transmission or decryption of all such communications , transmissions , signals or services provided by or through any cable television , fiber optic , telephone , satellite , microwave , data transmission , radio , Internet - based or wireless distribution network , ( 4 ) " Telecommunication service " โ Any service provided for a charge or compensation to facilitate the origination , transmission , emission or reception of signs , signals , data , writing , images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by telephone , including cellular telephones , wire , wireless , radio , electromagnetic , photelectronic or photo - optical system , network , facility or technology ; and any service provided by any radio , telephone , fiber optic , cable television , satellite , microwave , data transmission , wireless or Internet - based distribution system , network , facility or technology ( 5 ) " Telecommunication service provider " โ a . A person or entity providing a telecommunication service , whether directly or indirectly as a reseller , including , but not limited to , a cellular , paging or other wireless communications company or other person or entity which , for a fee , supplies the facility , cell site , mobile telephone switching office or other equipment or telecommunication service ; b . Any person or entity owning or operating any cable television , satellite , Internet - based , telephone , wireless , microwave , data transmission or radio distribution system , network or facility ; and c . Any person or entity providing any telecommunication service directly or indirectly by or through any such distribution systems , networks or facilities . ( 6 ) " Unlawful access device " โ Any type of instrument , device , machine , equipment , technology or software which is primarily designed , assembled , manufactured , sold , distributed , possessed , used or offered , promoted or advertised for the purpose of defeating or circumventing any technology , device or software , or any component or part thereof , used by the provider , owner or licensee of any telecommunication service or of any data , audio or video programs or transmissions , to protect any such telecommunication , data , audio or video services , programs or transmissions from unauthorized ( 7 ) " Unlawful telecommunication device " โ Any electronic serial number , mobile identification number , personal identification number or any telecommunication device that is capable of acquiring or facilitating the acquisition of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider , or that has been altered , modified , programmed or reprogrammed alone or in conjunction with another telecommunication device or other equipment to so acquire or facilitate the unauthorized acquisition of a telecommunication service . " Unlawful telecommunication device " also means : a . Phones altered to obtain service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider , tumbler phones , counterfeit or clone phones , tumbler microchips , counterfeit or clone microchips , and other instruments capable of disguising their identity or location or of gaining unauthorized access to a telecommunications system , network or facility operated by a telecommunication service provider ; and b . Any telecommunication device which is capable of , or has been altered , designed , modified , programmed or reprogrammed , alone or in conjunction with another telecommunication device , so as to be capable of facilitating the disruption , acquisition , receipt , transmission or decryption of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider , including , but not limited to , any device , technology , product , service , equipment , computer software , or component or part thereof , primarily distributed , sold , designed , 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 850 ; 59 Del . Laws , c . 203 , ยง 21 70 Del . Laws , c . 475 , ยง 1 73 Del . Laws , c . 106 , ยง 1 . ยง 851 Receiving stolen property ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of receiving stolen property if the person intentionally receives , retains or disposes of property of another person with intent to deprive the owner of it or to appropriate it , knowing that it has been acquired under circumstances amounting to theft , or believing that it has been so acquired . Receiving stolen property is a class A misdemeanor unless the value of the property received , retained or disposed of is $ 1,500 or more , or unless the receiver has twice before been convicted of receiving stolen property , in which case it is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 851 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 4 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 5 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 6 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 6 . ยง 852 Receiving stolen property ; presumption of knowledge . Knowledge that property has been acquired under circumstances amounting to theft may be presumed in the case of a person who acquires it for a consideration which the person knows is substantially below its reasonable value , or that a person possesses property whose affixed identification or serial number is altered , removed , defaced or falsified . In addition , knowledge that property has been acquired under circumstances amounting to theft shall be presumed in the case of a person or dealer who acquires it for a consideration , when such property consists of traffic signs , other traffic 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 852 ; 59 Del . Laws , c . 203 , ยง 27 67 Del . Laws , c . 238 , ยง 1 69 Del . Laws , c . 408 , ยง 1 ยง 852A Selling stolen property ; class A misdemeanor ; class G felony . A person is guilty of selling stolen property if , after the person receives stolen property pursuant to ยง 851 of this title , the person sells some or all of the stolen property received . A person may be convicted of both receiving stolen property and selling stolen property . Selling stolen property is a class A misdemeanor , unless the value of the resold property is $ 1,500 or more , or unless the seller has been convicted 2 or more times of selling stolen property , in which cases it is a class G felony . 76 Del . Laws , c . 147 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 7 . ยง 853 Unauthorized use of a vehicle ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of unauthorized use of a vehicle when : ( 1 ) Knowing that the person does not have the consent of the owner the person takes , operates , exercises control over , rides in or otherwise uses a vehicle ; ( 2 ) Having custody of a vehicle pursuant to an agreement between the person or another and the owner thereof whereby the person or another is to perform for compensation a specific service for the owner involving the maintenance , repair or use of the vehicle , the person intentionally uses or operates it , without the consent of the owner , for the person ' s own purposes in a manner constituting a gross deviation from the agreed purpose ; ( 3 ) Having custody of a vehicle pursuant to an agreement with its owner whereby it is to be returned to the owner at a specified time , the person intentionally retains or withholds possession thereof , without the consent of the owner , for so lengthy a period beyond the specified time as to render the retention or possession a gross deviation from the agreement ; or ( 4 ) Such person obtains possession or control over a vehicle , knowing of the existence of a creditor or creditors who are entitled to receive payments on a debt where such vehicle is the only security or represents the major portion of the creditor ' s security , and such person transfers or purports to transfer the vehicle and responsibility for making payments on such vehicle to a third party , whether or not such third party continues or resumes payment to the creditor or creditors . Unauthorized use of a vehicle is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 853 ; 68 Del . Laws , c . 333 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 ยง 854 Identity theft ; class D felony . ( a ) A person commits identity theft when the person knowingly or recklessly obtains , produces , possesses , uses , sells , gives or transfers personal identifying information belonging or pertaining to another person without the consent of the other person and with intent to use the information to commit or facilitate any crime set forth in this title . ( b ) A person commits identity theft when the person knowingly or recklessly obtains , produces , possesses , uses , sells , gives or transfers personal identifying information belonging or pertaining to another person without the consent of the other person , thereby knowingly or recklessly facilitating the use of the information by a third person to commit or facilitate any crime set forth in this title . ( c ) For the purposes of this section , " personal identifying information " includes name , address , birth date , Social Security number , driver ' s license number , telephone number , financial services account number , savings account number , checking account number , payment card number , identification document or false identification document , electronic identification number , educational record , health care record , financial record , credit record , employment record , e - mail address , computer system password , mother ' s maiden name or similar personal number , record ( d ) Identity theft is a class D felony . ( e ) When a person is convicted of or pleads guilty to identity theft , the sentencing judge shall order full restitution for monetary loss , including documented loss of wages and reasonable attorney fees , suffered by the victim . ( f ) Prosecution under this section does not preclude prosecution or sentencing under any other section of this Code . 72 Del . Laws , c . 297 , ยง 1 74 Del . Laws , c . 425 , ยง 1 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 7 . ยง 854A Identity theft passport ; application ; issuance . ( a ) The Office of the Attorney General , in cooperation with any law - enforcement agency , may issue an identity theft passport to a person who is a victim of identity theft in this State and who has filed a police report citing that such person is a victim of a violation of ยง 854 of this title . A person who has filed with a law - enforcement agency a police report alleging identity theft may apply for an identity theft passport through any law - enforcement agency . The agency shall send a copy of ( b ) A victim of identity theft may present that victim ' s identity theft passport issued under subsection ( a ) of this section to the following : ( 1 ) A law - enforcement agency to help prevent the victim ' s arrest or detention for an offense committed by someone other than the victim who is using the victim ' s identity ; ( 2 ) Any of the victim ' s creditors to aid in a creditor ' s investigation and establishment of whether fraudulent charges were made against accounts in the victim ' s name or whether accounts were opened using the victim ' s identity ; ( 3 ) A consumer reporting agency , as defined in ยง 603 ( f ) of the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act ( 15 U.S.C. ยง 1681a ( f ) ) , which must accept the passport as an official notice of a dispute and must include notice of the dispute in all future reports that contain disputed information caused by the identity theft . ( c ) Acceptance or rejection of an identity theft passport presented by the victim to a law - enforcement agency or creditor pursuant to paragraph ( b ) ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this section is at the discretion of the law - enforcement agency or creditor . In making a decision for acceptance or rejection , a law - enforcement agency or creditor may consider the surrounding circumstances and available information regarding the offense of identity theft pertaining to the victim . ( d ) An application made with the Office of the Attorney General pursuant to subsection ( a ) of this section , including any supporting documentation , is confidential criminal justice information , is not a public record , and is specifically exempted from public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act , Chapter 100 of Title 29 . However , the Office of the Attorney General may provide access to applications and supporting documentation filed pursuant to this section to other criminal justice agencies in this or another State . ( e ) The Office of the Attorney General shall adopt regulations to implement this section . The regulations must include a procedure by which the Office of the Attorney General is reasonably assured that an identity theft passport applicant has an identity theft claim that is legitimate and adequately substantiated . 75 Del . Laws , c . 338 , ยง 1 ยง 855 Theft ; indictment and proof . ( a ) Every prosecution for theft shall be based upon ยง 841 of this title . ( b ) The defendant may be found guilty of theft if the defendant ' s conduct falls within any of the sections defining theft . Proof of any conduct constituting theft is sufficient to support an indictment or information charging theft , provided that the conduct proved is sufficiently related to the conduct charged that the accused is not unfairly surprised by the case the accused must meet . ( c ) When theft or any related offense is committed in violation of this title pursuant to 1 scheme or continuous course of conduct , whether from the same or several sources , the conduct may be considered as 1 offense and the value of the property or services aggregated in determining whether the theft is a felony or misdemeanor . For purposes of this subsection , related offenses shall include , but are not limited to , violations of ยง ยง 861 , 900 and 903 of this title . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 855 ; 66 Del . Laws , c . 251 , ยง 1 ยง 856 Theft , receiving stolen property no defense ; receiving stolen property , theft no defense ; conviction of both offenses . ( a ) In any prosecution for theft or theft of a firearm , it is no defense that the accused is in fact guilty of receiving stolen property or receiving a stolen firearm . A person may be convicted of the crime which the person has in fact committed . ( b ) In any prosecution for receiving stolen property or receiving a stolen firearm , it is no defense that the accused is in fact guilty of theft or theft of a firearm . A person may be convicted of the crime which the person has in fact committed . ( c ) A person may not be convicted of both theft and receiving stolen property , or both theft of a firearm and receiving a stolen firearm , with regard to property appropriated in the same transaction or series of transactions . A person may be charged with the crime the person seems most likely to have committed and may be convicted as provided in subsections ( a ) and ( b ) of this section . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 856 ; 71 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง ยง 1 - 3 . ยง 857 Theft and related offenses ; definitions . For purposes of ยง ยง 841 - 856 , 1450 and 1451 of this title : ( 1 ) " Appropriate " means to exercise control , or to aid a third person to exercise control , over property of another person permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances as to acquire a major portion of its economic value or benefit , or to dispose of property for the benefit of the actor or a third person . ( 2 ) " Dealer " means a person in the business of buying , selling or lending on the security of goods . ( 3 ) " Deprive " means to withhold property of another person permanently or for so extended a period or under such circumstances as to withhold a major portion of its economic value or benefit , or with intent to restore it only upon payment of a reward or other compensation , or to dispose of property of another person so as to make it unlikely that the owner will recover it . ( 4 ) " Obtain " means to bring about or receive a transfer or purported transfer of any interest in property , whether to the defendant or to another person . ( 5 ) " Owner " means a person who has an interest in property which the defendant is not privileged to infringe , as described in paragraph ( 5 ) of this section . ( 6 ) " Property " means anything of value except land , and includes things growing on , affixed to or found in land such as topsoil , sand , minerals , gravel and the like , documents although the rights represented thereby have no physical location , contract rights , trade secrets , choses in action and other interests in or claims to admission or transportation tickets , captured or domestic animals , food , drink and electric or other power . ( 7 ) " Property of another person " includes property in which any person other than the defendant has an interest which the defendant is not privileged to infringe , regardless of the fact that the defendant also has an interest in the property and regardless of the fact that the other person might be precluded from civil recovery because the property was used in an unlawful transaction or was subject to forfeiture as contraband . Property in possession of the actor shall not be deemed property of another who has only a security interest therein , even if ( 8 ) " Services " include labor , professional service , transportation , telephone , gas , electricity or other public service , accommodation in hotels , restaurants or elsewhere , admission to exhibitions and use of vehicles or other movable property . ( 9 ) " Trade secret " shall mean " trade secret " as defined in ยง 2001 of Title 6 . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 857 ; 63 Del . Laws , c . 218 , ยง ยง 2 , 3 64 Del . Laws , c . 134 , ยง 1 . ยง 858 Unlawful operation of a recording device . ( a ) ( 1 ) Any person who knowingly operates the audiovisual recording function of any device in a motion picture theater while the motion picture is being exhibited , for the purpose of distributing or transmitting a still photographic image of the motion picture , without the consent of the motion picture theater owner , is guilty of a class B misdemeanor . ( 2 ) Any person who knowingly operates the audiovisual recording function of any device in a motion picture theater for the purpose of recording a motion picture , while the motion picture is being exhibited , without the consent of the motion picture theater owner , is guilty of a is guilty of a class A misdemeanor which notwithstanding any law to the contrary , may also include a fine of up to $ 50,000 . ( b ) The term " audiovisual recording function " means the capability of a device to record or transmit a motion picture or any part thereof by means of any technology now known or later developed . ( c ) The term " motion picture theater " means a movie theater , screening room , or other public venue that is being utilized primarily for the exhibition of a motion picture at the time of the offense . ( d ) A motion picture theater owner , a supervisor , agent or employee , 18 years of age or older , who has probable cause to believe that a person has recorded or transmitted a substantial portion of a motion picture and has intentionally violated paragraph ( a ) ( 2 ) of this section , may , for the purpose of summoning a law - enforcement officer , take the person into custody and detain the person in a reasonable manner on the premises for a reasonable time . ( e ) A motion picture theater owner , a supervisor , agent or employee , 18 years of age or older who detains a person pursuant to subsection ( d ) of this section , or who causes or provides information leading to the arrest of any person under subsection ( a ) of this section , shall not be held civilly or criminally liable for such detention or arrest provided they had , at the time of such detention or arrest , probable cause to believe that the person committed a crime defined in subsection ( a ) ( f ) A motion picture theater owner , a supervisor , agent or employee , 18 years of age or older , who has probable cause to believe that a person has committed a crime defined in subsection ( a ) of this section may eject such person from the premises and shall not be held civilly or criminally liable for such ejection . ( g ) This section does not prevent any lawfully authorized investigative , law - enforcement protective , or intelligence gathering employee or agent , of the local , state or federal government , from operating any audiovisual recording device in a motion picture theater , as part of lawfully authorized investigative , protective , law - enforcement , or intelligence - gathering activities . 75 Del . Laws , c . 316 , ยง 1 . ยง 859 Larceny of livestock ; penalty . ( a ) Whoever feloniously steals , takes and carries away any cow , steer , bull , calf , heifer or swine is guilty of larceny and a class G felony . ( b ) The minimum sentence of imprisonment required by subsection ( a ) of this section shall not be subject to suspension and no person convicted under this section shall be eligible for probation or parole during the first 6 months of the sentence . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 859 ; 59 Del . Laws , c . 60 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 350 , ยง 7 ยง 860 Possession of shoplifter ' s tools or instruments facilitating theft ; class F felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of possession of shoplifter ' s tools or instruments facilitating theft when the person possesses any tool , instrument or other thing adapted , designed or commonly used for committing or facilitating : ( 1 ) Offenses involving shoplifting ; or ( 2 ) Offenses involving the overriding , disabling or evading of a security device without authorization . ( 3 ) [ Deleted . ] ( b ) " Security device " includes any lock , whether mechanical or electronic , or any warning device designed to alert a person or the general public of a possible attempt to shoplift any goods , wares or merchandise that are displayed for sale . " Security device " specifically includes , but is not limited to , any electronic or other device that is attached or affixed to any goods , wares or merchandise on display for sale in a mercantile establishment . ( c ) A person possesses shoplifting tools or instruments facilitating theft " under circumstances evincing an attempt to use or knowledge that some other person intends to use such " when the person possesses the tools or instruments at a time and a place proximate to the commission or attempt to commit a shoplifting offense or otherwise under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for what lawful uses the tools or instruments may have . ( d ) Possession of shoplifters tools or instruments facilitating theft is a class F felony . 72 Del . Laws , c . 222 , ยง 2 75 Del . Laws , c . 162 , ยง 2 . E . Forgery and Related Offenses ยง 861 Forgery ; class F felony ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor ; restitution required . ( a ) A person is guilty of forgery when , intending to defraud , deceive or injure another person , or knowing that the person is facilitating a fraud or injury to be perpetrated by anyone , the person : ( 1 ) Alters any written instrument of another person without the other person ' s authority ; or ( 2 ) Makes , completes , executes , authenticates , issues or transfers any written instrument which purports to be the act of another person , whether real or fictitious , who did not authorize that act , or to have been executed at a time or place or in a numbered sequence other than was in fact the case or to be a copy of an original when no original existed ; or ( 3 ) Possesses a written instrument , knowing that it was made , completed or altered under circumstances constituting forgery . ( b ) Forgery is classified and punished as follows : ( 1 ) Forgery is forgery in the first degree if the written instrument is or purports to be : a . Part of an issue of money , stamps , securities or other valuable instruments issued by a government or a governmental instrumentality ; or b . Part of an issue of stock , bonds or other instruments representing interests in or claims against a corporation , business enterprise or other organization or its property . Forgery in the first degree is a class F felony . ( 2 ) Forgery is forgery in the second degree if the written instrument is or purports to be : a . A deed , will , codicil , contract , release , assignment , commercial instrument , check or other instrument which does or may evidence , create , transfer , terminate or otherwise affect a legal right , interest , obligation or status ; or b . A public record , or an instrument filed or required to be filed in or with a public office or public servant ; or c . A written instrument officially issued or created by a public office , public servant or governmental instrumentality ; or d . Part of an issue of tokens , tickets , public transportation transfers , certificates or other articles manufactured and designed for use as symbols of value usable in place of money for the purchase of property or services ; or e . A prescription of a duly licensed physician or other person authorized to issue the same for any drug or any instrument or device for which a prescription is required by law . Forgery in the second degree is a class G felony . ( 3 ) All other forgery is forgery in the third degree , a class A misdemeanor . ( c ) In addition to any other penalty provided by law for violation of this section , the court shall require a person convicted of a violation of this section to make restitution to the party or parties who suffered loss as a result of such forgery . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 861 ; 62 Del . Laws , c . 241 , ยง 1 ยง 862 Possession of forgery devices ; class G felony . A person is guilty of possession of forgery devices when : ( 1 ) The person makes or possesses with knowledge of its character and intending to use it unlawfully any plate , die or other device , apparatus , equipment or article specifically designed for use in counterfeiting or otherwise forging written instruments ; or ( 2 ) The person makes or possesses any device , apparatus , equipment or article capable of or adaptable to use for purposes of forgery , intending to use it unlawfully . Possession of forgery devices is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 862 ; 59 Del . Laws , c . 203 , ยง 22 ยง 863 Forgery and related offenses ; definition . " Written instrument " means any instrument or article containing written or printed matter or the equivalent thereof , used for the purpose of reciting , embodying , conveying or recording information or constituting a symbol or evidence of value , right , privilege or identification . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 863 ; 58 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 1 . ยง ยง 864 - 870 . [ Reserved . ] F . Offenses Involving Falsification of Records ยง 871 Falsifying business records ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) For purposes of this section , " medical record " means a record that pertains to a person ' s medical history , evaluations , tests , diagnoses , prognoses , laboratory reports , medical imaging , treatments , prescriptions , or any other information used in assessing a person ' s physical , mental , or emotional condition . ( b ) A person is guilty of falsifying business records when , with intent to defraud , the person : ( 1 ) Makes or causes a false entry in the business records of an enterprise ; or ( 2 ) Alters , erases , obliterates , deletes , removes or destroys a true entry in the business records of an enterprise ; or ( 3 ) Omits to make a true entry in the business records of an enterprise in violation of a duty to do so which the person knows to be imposed by law or by the nature of the person ' s position ; or ( 4 ) Prevents the making of a true entry or causes the omission thereof in the business records of an enterprise ; or ( 5 ) Alters or modifies , or causes the alteration or modification of the medical record of any person ; or ( 6 ) Creates or causes to be created any false medical record . ( c ) Falsifying business records is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 871 ; 81 Del . Laws , c . 275 , ยง 1 . ยง 872 Falsifying business records ; defense . In any prosecution for falsifying business records it is an affirmative defense that the defendant was a clerk , bookkeeper or other employee who , without personal benefit , merely executed the orders of the employer or of a superior officer or employee generally authorized to direct the defendant ' s activities . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 872 ; ยง 873 Tampering with public records in the second degree ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of tampering with public records in the second degree when , knowing that the person does not have the authority of anyone entitled to grant it , the person knowingly removes , mutilates , destroys , conceals , makes a false entry in or falsely alters any record or other written instrument filed with , deposited in or otherwise constituting a record of a public office or public servant . Tampering with public records in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 873 ; ยง ยง 874 , 875 . [ Reserved . ] ยง 876 Tampering with public records in the first degree ; class E felony . A person is guilty of tampering with public records in the first degree when , with intent to defraud , and knowing that the person does not have the authority of anyone entitled to grant it , the person knowingly removes , mutilates , destroys , conceals , makes a false entry in or falsely alters any record or other written instrument filed with , deposited in or otherwise constituting a record of a public office or public servant . Tampering with public records in the first degree is a class E felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 876 ; ยง 877 Offering a false instrument for filing ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of offering a false instrument for filing when , knowing that a written instrument contains a false statement or false information , and intending to defraud the State , a political subdivision thereof or another person , the person offers or presents it to a public office or a public servant with the knowledge or belief that it will be filed with , registered or recorded in or otherwise become a part of the records of the public office or public servant . Offering a false instrument for filing is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 877 ; ยง 878 Issuing a false certificate ; class G felony . A person is guilty of issuing a false certificate when , being a public servant authorized by law to make or issue official certificates or other official written instruments , and with intent to defraud , deceive or injure another person , the person issues such an instrument , or makes the same with intent that it be issued , knowing that it contains a false statement or false information . Issuing a false certificate is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 878 ; ยง ยง 879 , 880 . [ Reserved . ] G . Bribery Not Involving Public Servants ยง 881 Bribery ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of bribing when : ( 1 ) The person offers , confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon any employee , agent or fiduciary without the consent of the latter ' s employer or principal , with intent to influence the latter to take some action with regard to the latter ' s employer ' s or principal ' s affairs which would not be warranted upon reasonable consideration of the factors which that person should have taken into account ; or ( 2 ) The person offers , confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon duly appointed representative of a labor organization or duly appointed trustee or representative of an employee welfare trust fund , with intent to influence the latter in respect to any of that person ' s acts , decisions or duties as a representative or trustee ; or ( 3 ) The person offers , confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon a participant in a sports contest , with intent to influence that the participant not to give the best effort in a sports contest ; or ( 4 ) The person offers , confers or agrees to confer any benefit upon an official in a sports contest , with intent to influence the official to perform duties improperly . Bribing is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 881 ; ยง 882 Bribe receiving ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of bribe receiving if : Being an employee , agent or fiduciary and , without the consent of the employer or principal , the person solicits , accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that the benefit will influence the person to take some action with regard to the employer ' s or principal ' s affairs which would not be warranted upon reasonable consideration of the factors which the person should have taken into account ; or Being a duly appointed representative of a labor organization or a duly appointed trustee or representative of an employee welfare trust fund , the person solicits , accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that the benefit will influence the person in respect to any of the person ' s acts , decisions or duties as representative or trustee ; or Being a participant in a sports contest , the person solicits , accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that the person will thereby be influenced not to give the best effort in a sports contest ; or Being an official in a sports contest , the person solicits , accepts or agrees to accept any benefit from another person upon an agreement or understanding that the person will perform duties improperly . Bribe receiving is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 882 ; ยง ยง 883 - 890 . [ Reserved . ] H . Frauds on Creditors ยง 891 Defrauding secured creditors ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of defrauding secured creditors if the person destroys , removes , conceals , encumbers , transfers or otherwise deals with property subject to a security interest , intending to defeat enforcement of that interest . Defrauding secured creditors is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 891 ; ยง 892 Fraud in insolvency ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of fraud in insolvency when , with intent to defraud any creditor and knowing that a receiver or other person entitled to administer property for the benefit of creditors has been appointed , or that any other composition or liquidation for the benefit of creditors has been made , the person : ( 1 ) Conveys , transfers , removes , conceals , destroys , encumbers or otherwise disposes of any part of or any interest in the debtor ' s estate ; or ( 2 ) Obtains any substantial part of or interest in the debtor ' s estate ; or ( 3 ) Presents to any creditor or to the receiver or administrator any writing or record relating to the debtor ' s estate knowing the same to contain a false material statement ; or ( 4 ) Misrepresents or fails or refuses to disclose to the receiver or administrator the existence , amount or location of any part of or any interest in the debtor ' s estate , or any other information which the person is legally required to furnish to the administrator . Fraud in insolvency is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 892 ; ยง 893 Interference with levied - upon property ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of interference with levied - upon property when the person hides , destroys or removes from the county in which it is situated when levied upon or seized any property which the person knows has been levied upon or seized under execution , attachment process or distress for rent . Interference with levied - upon property is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 893 ; ยง ยง 894 - 899 . [ Reserved . ] I . Other Frauds and Cheats ยง 900 Issuing a bad check ; class A misdemeanor ; class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of issuing a bad check when the person issues or passes a check knowing that it will not be honored by the drawee . For the purpose of this section , as well as in any prosecution for theft committed by means of a bad check , it is prima facie evidence of knowledge that the check ( other than a postdated check ) would not be honored that : ( 1 ) The issuer had no account with the drawee at the time the check was issued ; or ( 2 ) Payment was refused by the drawee upon presentation because the issuer had insufficient funds or credit , and the issuer failed to make good within 10 days after receiving notice of that refusal . Issuing a bad check is a class A misdemeanor unless the amount of the check is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . ( b ) The failure of any business or other commercial entity , prior to the completion of a transaction ( other than a transaction by mail ) for which a check is accepted in person by the payee as consideration for goods or services provided by the payee , to : ( 1 ) Request and inspect the person ' s valid driver ' s license or other photo identification card , which lists the person ' s name , address , date of birth and approximate height and weight , to validate the identity of the person presenting the check ; and ( 2 ) Record on the check being presented the person ' s name , driver ' s license number , if such person has a driver ' s license , date of birth and address , may result in the refusal of a law - enforcement agency to investigate violations of subsection ( a ) of this section . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 900 ; 64 Del . Laws , c . 125 , ยง 1 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 6 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 7 70 Del . Laws , c . 501 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 8 . ยง 900A Conditional discharge for issuing a bad check as first offense . ( a ) Whenever any person who has not previously been convicted of issuing or passing a bad check under ยง 900 of this title or under any statute of the United States or of any state relating to the issuing or passing of bad checks pleads guilty to issuing or passing a bad check in violation of ยง 900 of this title in an amount under $ 1,500 at the time of arraignment , the court without entering a judgment of guilt and with the consent of the accused may defer further proceedings and place the accused on probation ( b ) Upon fulfillment of the terms and conditions , the court shall discharge the person and dismiss the proceedings against the person and shall simultaneously with said discharge and dismissal submit to the State Bureau of Identification pursuant to Chapter 85 of this title the disposition specifying the name of the person and the nature of the proceedings which dispositional information shall be retained by the State Bureau of Identification in accordance with its standard operating procedures . ( c ) Discharge and dismissal under this section shall be without adjudication of guilt and is not a conviction for purposes of disqualifications or disabilities imposed by law upon conviction of a crime . There may be only 1 discharge and dismissal under this section with respect to any person and no person who is charged with multiple violations of ยง 900 of this title is eligible for treatment as a first offender under this section . 66 Del . Laws , c . 252 , ยง 1 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 8 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 9 . ยง 901 Definition of " issues " and " passes . " ( a ) " Issues . " โ A person issues a check when , as drawer thereof or as a person who signs a check as drawer in a representative capacity or as agent of the person whose name appears thereon as the principal drawer or obligor , the person delivers it or causes it to be delivered to a person who thereby acquires a right against the drawer with respect to the check . One who draws a check with intent that it be so delivered is deemed to have issued it if the delivery occurs . ( b ) " Passes . " โ A person passes a check when , being a payee , holder or bearer of a check which previously has been or purports to have been drawn and issued by another , the person delivers it , for a purpose other than collection to a third person who thereby acquires a right with respect thereto . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 901 ; ยง 902 Issuance of bad check by employee as affirmative defense . In any prosecution for issuing a bad check , it is an affirmative defense that the accused , in acting as drawer in a representative capacity or as agent of the person whose name appears on the check as principal drawer or obligor , did so as an employee who , without personal benefit , merely executed the orders of the employer or of a superior officer or employee generally authorized to direct the accused ' s activities . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 902 ; ยง 903 Unlawful use of payment card ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) A person is guilty of unlawful use of a payment card when the person uses or knowingly permits or encourages another to use a payment card for the purpose of obtaining money , goods , services , or anything of value knowing that : ( 1 ) The card is stolen , forged or fictitious ; or ( 2 ) The card belongs to another person who has not authorized its use ; or ( 3 ) The card has been revoked or canceled ; or ( 4 ) For any other reason use of the card is unauthorized by the issuer . ( b ) A person is guilty of unlawful use of a payment card where such person knowingly : ( 1 ) Makes , possesses , sells , gives or otherwise transfers to another , or offers or advertises a payment card with the intent that it be used or with the knowledge or reason to believe that it will be used to obtain money , goods , services , or anything of value without payment of the lawful charges therefor or without authorization of the card holder ; or ( 2 ) Publishes a payment card or code of an existing , canceled , revoked , expired or nonexistent payment card , or the numbering or coding which is employed in the issuance of payment cards , with the intent that it be used or with knowledge or reason to believe that it will be used either : to avoid the payment for any money , goods , services , or anything of value ; or without authorization of the card holder . As used in this section " publishes " means the communication of information to any 1 ( c ) ( 1 ) Except where the victim of any violation of this section is a person 62 years of age or older , unlawful use of a payment card is a class A misdemeanor unless the value of the money , goods , services , or anything of value secured or sought to be secured by means of the payment card is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . ( 2 ) Where the victim of any violation of this section is a person 62 years of age or older , unlawful use of a payment card is a class G felony unless the value of the money , goods , services , or anything of value secured or sought to be secured by means of the payment card is $ 1,500 or more , in which case it is a class F felony . ( d ) Amounts involved in unlawful use of a payment card pursuant to 1 scheme or course of conduct , whether from the same issuer or several issuers , may be aggregated in determining whether such unlawful use constitutes a class A misdemeanor or a class G felony under this section . ( e ) A person may be prosecuted and convicted under this section in such county or counties within Delaware where the money , goods , services , or anything of value giving rise to the prosecution were solicited , were received , or were attempted to be received , or where the charges for the money , goods , services , or anything of value were billable in the normal course of business . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 903 ; 60 Del . Laws , c . 590 , ยง 5 65 Del . Laws , c . 497 , ยง 7 70 Del . Laws , c . 211 , ยง 9 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง 13 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 10 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 2 . ยง 903A Reencoder and scanning devices . ( a ) Any person who knowingly , wilfully , and with the intent to defraud , possesses a scanning device , or who knowingly , wilfully , and with intent to defraud , uses a scanning device to access , read , obtain , memorize or store , temporarily or permanently , information encoded on the computer chip or magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card is guilty of a class D felony . ( b ) Any person who knowingly , wilfully , and with the intent to defraud , possesses a reencoder , or who knowingly , wilfully , and with intent to defraud , uses a reencoder to place encoded information on the computer chip or magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card or any electronic medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur , without the permission of the authorized user of the payment card from which the information is being reencoded is guilty of a class D felony . ( c ) Any scanning device or reencoder described in subsection ( e ) of this section allegedly possessed or used in violation of subsection ( a ) or ( b ) of this section shall be seized and upon conviction shall be forfeited . ( d ) Any computer , computer system , computer network , or any software or data , owned by the defendant , which is used during the commission of any public offense described in this section or any computer , owned by the defendant , which is used as a repository for the storage of software or data illegally obtained in violation of this section shall be subject to forfeiture . ( e ) As used in this section , the following definitions apply : ( 1 ) " Reencoder " means an electronic device that places encoded information from the computer chip or magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card onto the computer chip or magnetic strip or stripe of a different payment card or any electronic medium that allows an authorized transaction to occur . ( 2 ) " Scanning device " means a scanner , reader , or any other electronic device that is used to access , read , scan , obtain , memorize , or store , temporarily or permanently , information encoded on the computer chip or magnetic strip or stripe of a payment card . ( f ) Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under any other provision of law . 74 Del . Laws , c . 248 , ยง 1 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 3 . ยง 904 Definition of " payment card " " Payment card " includes any instrument or device , whether known as a credit card , credit plate , bank service card , banking card , check guarantee card , electronic benefits transfer ( " EBT " ) card , or debit card or by any other name , issued with or without fee by an issuer for the use of the cardholder in obtaining money , goods , services , or anything else of value on credit , by the withdrawing of funds from a deposit account , or through the use of value stored on the card 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 904 ; 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 1 . ยง 905 Intention and ability to meet obligations as affirmative defense . In any prosecution for unauthorized use of a payment card under ยง 903 ( a ) ( 4 ) of this title it is an affirmative defense that the accused had the intention and ability to meet all obligations to the issuer arising out of the use of the card . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 905 ; 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 4 . ยง 906 Deceptive business practices ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of deceptive business practices when in the course of business the person knowingly or recklessly : ( 1 ) Uses or possesses for use a false weight or measure , or any other device for falsely determining or recording any quality or quantity ; or ( 2 ) Sells , offers or exposes for sale , or delivers less than the represented quantity of any commodity or service ; or ( 3 ) Takes or attempts to take more than the represented quantity of any commodity or service ; or ( 4 ) Sells , offers or exposes for sale adulterated or mislabeled commodities . " Adulterated " means varying from the standard of composition or quality prescribed by or pursuant to any statute providing criminal penalties for such variance , or set by established commercial usage . " Mislabeled " means varying from the standard of truth or disclosure in labeling prescribed by or pursuant to any statute providing criminal penalties for such variance , or set by established commercial usage ; or ( 5 ) Makes a false or misleading statement in any advertisement addressed to the public or to a substantial segment thereof intending to promote the sale or increase the consumption of property or services ; or ( 6 ) Makes a false or misleading written statement for the purpose of promoting the sale of securities , or omits information required by law to be disclosed in written documents relating to securities ; or ( 7 ) Notifies any other person that the other person has won a prize , received an award or has been selected or is eligible to receive anything of value if the other person is required to respond through the use of a 900 service telephone number or similar service number . This section shall not apply to publishers , broadcasters , printers or other persons engaged in the dissemination of information or reproduction of printed or pictorial matter who publish , broadcast or reproduce material without knowledge of its deceptive character . Deceptive business practices are a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 906 ; 68 Del . Laws , c . 240 , ยง 1 ยง 907 Criminal impersonation ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of criminal impersonation when the person : ( 1 ) Impersonates another person and does an act in an assumed character intending to obtain a benefit or to injure or defraud another person ; or ( 2 ) Pretends to be a representative of some person or organization and does an act in a pretended capacity with intent to obtain a benefit or to injure or defraud another person ; or ( 3 ) Pretends to be a public servant , or wears or displays without authority any identification , uniform or badge by which a public servant is lawfully distinguished or identified . Criminal impersonation is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 907 ; ยง 907A Criminal impersonation , accident related ; class G felony . A person is guilty of criminal impersonation , accident related , when after being in a motor vehicle accident involving serious physical injury or death to any person : ( 1 ) A driver knowingly pretends to have been someone other than the driver of the vehicle the person was operating ; or ( 2 ) Any person knowingly pretends to have been a driver of 1 of the vehicles involved in the accident . Criminal impersonation , accident related , is a class G felony . The driving privileges of anyone convicted of violating paragraph ( 1 ) of this section shall be suspended by the Division of Motor Vehicles for a period of 2 years . 68 Del . Laws , c . 195 , ยง 1 ยง 907B Criminal impersonation of a police officer , firefighter , emergency medical technician ( EMT ) , paramedic or fire police ; class E felony , class C felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of criminal impersonation of a police officer , firefighter , emergency medical technician ( EMT ) , paramedic or fire police when the person , intending to facilitate the commission of a crime or while in immediate flight therefrom : ( 1 ) Intentionally and without lawful authority impersonates or otherwise pretends to be a police officer , firefighter , emergency medical technician ( EMT ) , paramedic or fire police ; or ( 2 ) Without lawful authority does any act intended to create or reinforce a false impression that the person is a police officer , firefighter , emergency medical technician ( EMT ) , paramedic or fire police . ( b ) Criminal impersonation of a police officer , firefighter , emergency medical technician ( EMT ) , paramedic or fire police is a class E felony , unless during the course of the commission of the crime , or while in immediate flight therefrom , the person or another participant in the crime : ( 1 ) Causes physical injury to any person who is not a participant in the crime ; or ( 2 ) Commits a class A felony or class B felony as defined by this title or any sexual offense as defined by ยง 761 ( g ) of this title , in which case it is a class C felony . ( c ) Nothing in this section shall preclude a separate charge , conviction or sentence for any other crime . 71 Del . Laws , c . 97 , ยง 1 76 Del . Laws , c . 68 , ยง 1 . ยง 907C Impersonation as a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces , class A misdemeanor . ( a ) A person is guilty of criminal impersonation of a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces when he or she intentionally , and without lawful authority , impersonates or otherwise holds himself or herself out to be a veteran or member of the United States Armed Forces or to hold oneself out to have an unearned rank in the United States Armed Forces with the purpose of obtaining money , property , or other tangible benefit . ( b ) Any person found guilty of criminal impersonation of a member or veteran of the United States Armed Forces shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor and receive a minimum fine of not less than $ 1000 , which shall not be subject to suspension . 80 Del . Laws , c . 368 , ยง 1 ยง 908 Unlawfully concealing a will ; class G felony . A person is guilty of unlawfully concealing a will when , with intent to defraud , the person conceals , secretes , suppresses , mutilates or destroys a will , codicil or other testamentary instrument . Unlawfully concealing a will is a class G felony . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 908 ; ยง 909 Securing execution of documents by deception ; class A misdemeanor . A person is guilty of securing execution of documents by deception when , by knowingly misrepresenting the nature of the document , the person causes another person to execute any instrument affecting , purporting to affect or likely to affect the pecuniary interest of any person . Securing execution of documents by deception is a class A misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 909 ; ยง 910 Debt adjusting ; class B misdemeanor . A person is guilty of debt adjusting if the person makes a contract , either express or implied , with a particular debtor , whereby the debtor agrees to pay a certain amount of money periodically to the person engaged in the debt - adjusting business who shall , for a consideration , distribute the same among certain specified creditors in accordance with a plan agreed upon . This section shall not apply to those situations involving debt adjusting incurred incidentally in the lawful practice of law in this State , nor shall anything in this section be construed to apply to any provider which is licensed under Chapter 24A of Title 6 . Debt adjusting is a class B misdemeanor . 11 Del . C . 1953 , ยง 910 ; 75 Del . Laws , c . 430 , ยง 5 . ยง 911 Fraudulent conveyance of public lands ; class G felony . A person is guilty of fraudulent conveyance of public lands when the person executes any deed or other written instrument purporting to convey an interest in land any part of which is public lands of this State , when such person at the time of execution of such instrument knows that the person has no legal or equitable interest in the land described in said instrument . Fraudulent conveyance of public lands is a class G felony . 63 Del . Laws , c . 400 , ยง 1 ยง 912 Fraudulent receipt of public lands ; class G felony . A person is guilty of fraudulent receipt of public lands when the person records any deed or other written instrument purporting to transfer to the person an interest in land any part of which is public lands of this State , when such person at the time of recording knows that the transferor had no legal or equitable interest in the land described in said instrument . Fraudulent receipt of public lands is a class G felony . 63 Del . Laws , c . 426 , ยง 1 ยง 913 Insurance fraud ; class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of insurance fraud when , with the intent to injure , defraud or deceive any insurer the person : ( 1 ) Presents or causes to be presented to any insurer , any written or oral statement including computer - generated documents as part of , or in support of , a claim for payment or other benefit pursuant to an insurance policy , knowing that such statement contains false , incomplete or misleading information concerning any fact or thing material to such claim ; or ( 2 ) Assists , abets , solicits or conspires with another to prepare or make any written or oral statement that is intended to be presented to any insurer in connection with , or in support of , any claim for payment or other benefit pursuant to an insurance policy , knowing that such statement contains any false , incomplete or misleading information concerning any fact or thing material to such claim . Insurance fraud is a class G felony . ( b ) All insurance claims forms shall contain a statement that clearly states in substance the following : " Any person who knowingly , and with intent to injure , defraud or deceive any insurer , files a statement of claim containing any false , incomplete or misleading information is guilty of a felony . " The lack of such a statement shall not constitute a defense against prosecution under this section . ( c ) For the purposes of this section , " statement " includes , but is not limited to , a police report , any notice , statement , proof of loss , bill of lading , receipt for payment , invoice , account , estimate of property damages , bill for services , diagnosis , prescription , hospital or doctor records , X rays , test result or other evidence of loss , injury or expense ; " insurer " shall include , but is not limited to , a health service corporation or health maintenance organization ; 64 Del . Laws , c . 194 ยง 913A Health - care fraud ; class B felony ; class D felony ; class G felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of health - care fraud when the person knowingly : ( 1 ) Presents or causes to be presented any fraudulent health - care claim to any health - care benefit program ; or ( 2 ) Engages in a pattern of presenting or causing to be presented fraudulent health - care claims to any health - care benefit program . ( b ) For the purpose of this section : ( 1 ) " Fraudulent health - care claim " means any statement , whether written , oral or in any other form , which is made as part of or in support of a claim or request for payment from any health - care benefit program when such statement knowingly contains false , incomplete or misleading information concerning any fact or thing material to such claim . ( 2 ) " Health - care benefit program " means any plan or contract , whether public or private , under which any medical benefit , equipment , medication or service is provided to any individual . " Health - care benefit program " also includes any individual or entity who is providing a medical benefit , equipment , medication or service for which payment may be made under a plan or contract for the provision of such benefits or services . ( 3 ) " Health - care professional , " " health - care practice , " " health - care facility " or " health - care services " includes but is not limited to any person who or entity which , for payment , practices in or employs the procedures of medicine , surgery , chiropractic , podiatry , dentistry , optometry , psychology , social work , pharmacy , nursing , physical therapy or any other field concerned with the maintenance or restoration of the health of the body or mind . ( 4 ) " Health - care provider " means any health - care professional , an owner or operator of a health - care practice or facility , any person who creates the impression that the person or the person ' s practice or facility can provide health - care services , or any person employed or acting on behalf of any of the aforementioned persons . ( 5 ) " Pattern of presenting or causing to be presented " means 3 or more instances of conduct that constitute presenting or causing to be presented fraudulent health - care claims . ( c ) ( 1 ) Except as provided in paragraphs ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) of this subsection , health - care fraud is a class G felony . ( 2 ) Health - care fraud is a class D felony if the elements of subsection ( a ) of this section are met and if : a . The intended loss to the health - care benefit program is more than $ 50,000 but less than $ 100,000 ; b . The offender is a health - care provider at the time of the offense or offenses ; or , c . The conduct constitutes a pattern of presenting or causing to be presented fraudulent health - care claims . ( 3 ) Health - care fraud is a class B felony if the elements of subsection ( a ) of this section are met and if : a . The intended loss to the health - care benefit program is $ 100,000 or more ; or b . The offender is a health - care provider at the time of the offense or offenses and the conduct constitutes a pattern of presenting or causing to be presented fraudulent health - care claims . ( 4 ) In addition to the penalties otherwise authorized by this subsection , a person convicted under this section may be subject to a fine of up to 5 times the pecuniary benefit obtained or sought to be obtained through the person ' s violation of this section . ( d ) A conviction is not required for an act of presenting or causing presentation of a fraudulent health - care claim to be used in prosecution of a matter under this section , including an act used as proof of a pattern as defined in paragraph ( b ) ( 3 ) of this section . A conviction for any act of presenting or causing presentation of fraudulent health - care claims , including one which may be relied upon to establish a pattern of presenting or causing presentation of a fraudulent health - care claim , does 72 Del . Laws , c . 337 , ยง 1 78 Del . Laws , c . 353 , ยง ยง 3 - 5 . ยง 914 Use of consumer identification information . ( a ) Except as provided in subsection ( b ) of this section , as a condition of accepting a payment card as payment for consumer credit , goods , realty , or services , a person may not write down or request to be written down the address and / or telephone number of the payment card holder on the payment card transaction form . ( b ) A person may record the address or telephone number of a payment card holder if the information is necessary for : ( 1 ) The shipping , delivery or installation of consumer goods ; or ( 2 ) Special orders of consumer goods or services . ( c ) Violation of this section is an unclassified misdemeanor . 67 Del . Laws , c . 423 , ยง 1 68 Del . Laws , c . 221 , ยง 1 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 5 . ยง 915 Use of payment card information . ( a ) In this section , the following words have the meanings indicated : ( 1 ) " Draft " does not include a credit or debit card sales draft . ( 2 ) " Drawer " means the individual who makes or signs a check or other draft ; ( b ) Subject to the provisions of subsection ( c ) of this section , as a condition of accepting a check or other draft as payment for consumer credit , goods , realty or services , a person may not request or record the account number of any payment card of the drawer of the check or other draft . ( c ) The provisions of this section do not prohibit a person from : ( 1 ) Requesting the drawer to display a payment card for purposes only of identification or credit worthiness ; ( 2 ) Requesting or recording the type or issuer of a payment card of the drawer ; or ( 3 ) Recording the number and expiration date of a payment card if the person requesting the information has agreed with the payment card issuer to cash checks as a service to the issuer ' s cardholders and the issuer has agreed to guarantee payment of cardholder checks cashed by that person . ( d ) Violation of this section is an unclassified misdemeanor . 67 Del . Laws , c . 420 , ยง 1 79 Del . Laws , c . 260 , ยง 6 . ยง 915A Credit and debit card transaction receipts ; unclassified misdemeanor . ( a ) Except as provided in subsection ( b ) of this section , a person who accepts credit or debit cards in exchange for goods or services shall print not more than 5 digits of that credit or debit card account number on the credit or debit card receipt provided to the cardholder . ( b ) This section applies only to receipts that are electronically printed and does not apply to transactions in which the sole means of recording the credit or debit card number is by handwriting or by an imprint or copy of the credit or debit card . ( c ) Violation of this section is an unclassified misdemeanor . 74 Del . Laws , c . 151 , ยง 1 . ยง 916 Home improvement fraud ; class B felony ; class D felony ; class F felony ; class G felony , class A misdemeanor . ( a ) For the purpose of this section , the following definitions shall apply : ( 1 ) " Contract price " means the total price agreed upon under a home improvement contract . ( 2 ) " Home improvement " means any alteration , repair , addition , modification or improvement to any dwelling or the property on which it is situated , including but not limited to the construction , painting or coating , installation , replacement or repair of driveways , sidewalks , swimming pools , unattached structures , porches , kitchens , bathrooms , chimneys , fireplaces , stoves , air conditioning or heating systems , hot water heaters , water treatment systems , electrical wiring or systems , plumbing fixtures or systems , doors or windows , roofs , ( 3 ) A " home improvement contract " is any agreement , whether written or oral , whereby a person offers or agrees to provide home improvements in exchange for payment in any form , regardless of whether any such payments have been made , and includes all agreements for labor , services , and materials to be furnished and performed under the contract . ( 4 ) A " material fact " is a fact that a reasonable person would consider important when purchasing a home improvement of the variety being offered . ( b ) A person is guilty of home improvement fraud who enters , or offers to enter , into a home improvement contract as the provider of home improvements to another person , and who with the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title : ( 1 ) Uses or employs any false pretense or false promise as those acts are defined in ยง ยง 843 and 844 of this title ; ( 2 ) Creates or reinforces a person ' s impression or belief concerning the condition of any portion of that person ' s dwelling or property involved in said home improvement contract knowing that the impression or belief is false ; ( 3 ) Makes any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact relating to the terms of the home improvement contract or the existing condition of any portion of the property which is the subject of said contract ; ( 4 ) Receives money for the purpose of obtaining or paying for services , labor , materials or equipment and fails to apply such money for such purpose by : a . Failing to substantially complete the home improvement for which the funds were provided ; or b . Failing to pay for the services , labor , materials or equipment provided incident to such home improvement ; or c . Diverting said funds to a use other than for which the funds were received ; or ( 5 ) Fails to provide that person ' s own true name , or provides a false name , address or phone number of the business offering said home improvements . ( c ) For home improvement fraud under this section , it shall be prima facie evidence of the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title that the person offering or agreeing to provide home improvements : ( 1 ) Has been previously convicted under this section or under a similar statute of the United States or of any state or of the District of Columbia within 10 years of the home improvement contract in question ; ( 2 ) Is currently subject to any administrative orders , judgments or injunctions that relate to home improvements under Chapter 25 of Title 6 ; ( 3 ) Failed to comply with Chapter 44 of Title 6 with respect to the home improvement contract in question ; or ( 4 ) Used or threatened the use of force against the person or property of the person purchasing said home improvement and said person is 62 years of age or older . ( d ) ( 1 ) Except where the person who purchased the home improvement is 62 years of age or older , or an " adult who is impaired " as defined in ยง 3902 of Title 31 , or a " person with a disability " as defined in 3901 ( a ) ( 2 ) of Title 12 , home improvement fraud is a class A misdemeanor , unless the loss to the person who purchased the home improvement is $ 1500 or more , in which case it is a class G felony . ( 2 ) Where the person who purchased the home improvement is 62 years of age or older , or an " adult who is impaired " as defined in ยง 3902 of Title 31 , or a " person with a disability " as defined in ยง 3901 ( a ) ( 2 ) of Title 12 , home improvement fraud is a class G felony , unless the loss to the person who purchased the home improvement is $ 1500 or more , in which case it is a class F felony . ( 3 ) Notwithstanding paragraphs ( d ) ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) of this section : a . Where the loss to the person who purchased the home improvement is at least $ 50,000 but less than $ 100,000 , home improvement fraud is a class D felony . b . Where the loss to the person who purchased the home improvement is at least $ 100,000 , home improvement fraud is a class B felony . 70 Del . Laws , c . 63 , ยง 1 72 Del . Laws , c . 462 , ยง 1 73 Del . Laws , c . 126 , ยง ยง 14 , 15 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 11 81 Del . Laws , c . 237 , ยง 1 . ยง 917 New home construction fraud ; class B felony ; class D felony ; class G felony ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) For the purpose of this section , the following definitions shall apply : ( 1 ) A " dwelling " means a building which is usually occupied by a person lodging therein at night but shall not include a mobile home as defined in ยง 7003 ( 11 ) of Title 25 . ( 2 ) A " home buyer " means a person who intends to enter into a new home construction contract for himself or herself or on behalf of any person . ( 3 ) A " new home contractor " means any person who offers or provides new home construction services as a general contractor or a subcontractor and shall , in addition , include , but not be limited to , an architect , engineer or real estate broker or agent . ( 4 ) " New home construction " means the erection , installation or construction of a dwelling on a fixed foundation on land which is owned or purchased by a home buyer . ( 5 ) A " new home construction contract " is any agreement , whether written or oral , between a new home contractor and a home buyer whereby the new home contractor agrees to provide new home construction services in exchange for a payment of money . ( 6 ) " Payment of money " means tender of money or other consideration of value by a home buyer or by any lending institution on behalf of the home buyer to a new home contractor as part of a new home construction contract . ( 7 ) For the purpose of this section , land is " purchased " by a home buyer when the home buyer acquires it by sale , negotiation , mortgage , pledge , lien , gift or any other transaction creating an interest in the property prior to the formation of the new home construction contract , or if the home buyer is to purchase the land as part of the new home construction contract . ( b ) A person is guilty of new home construction fraud who , with the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title , enters into a new home construction contract and : ( 1 ) Uses or employs any false pretense or false promise as those acts are defined in ยง ยง 843 and 844 of this title ; or ( 2 ) Receives payments and intentionally fails to use said payment or payments for the purpose or purposes identified in the new home construction contract and / or diverts said payment or payments to a use or uses other than the erection , installation or construction of the dwelling identified therein ; or ( 3 ) Receives payment or payments and fails to provide that person ' s own true name or provides a false name , address or phone number of the business offering said new home construction services . ( c ) For new home construction fraud under this section , it shall be prima facie evidence of the intent specified in ยง 841 of this title that the new home contractor : ( 1 ) Has been previously convicted under this section , ยง 916 of this title , or ยง 3505 of Title 6 within 10 years of the first payment under the new home construction contract in question ; or ( 2 ) Is currently subject to any administrative order , judgment or injunction under Chapter 25 of Title 6 relating to new home construction or home improvements ( as defined in paragraph ( a ) ( 4 ) of this section ) . ( d ) New construction fraud is a class A misdemeanor , unless : ( 1 ) The loss to the home buyer is $ 1,500 or more but less than $ 50,000 , in which case it is a class G felony ; ( 2 ) The loss to the home buyer is at least $ 50,000 but less than $ 100,000 , in which case it is a class D felony ; or ( 3 ) The loss to the home buyer is $ 100,000 or more , in which case it is a class B felony . ( e ) For the purpose of calculating the amount of the loss to the home buyer , the loss shall be deemed to be the lesser of the total of all payments actually made by the home buyer or the cost to the home buyer to complete the new home construction according to the terms of the original new home construction contract , whether or not said new home is actually completed . 71 Del . Laws , c . 46 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 12 78 Del . Laws , c . 353 , ยง ยง 6 - 8 . ยง 918 Ticket scalping . ( a ) No person shall sell , resell or exchange any ticket to any event or exhibit at a price higher than the original price on the day preceding or on the day of an event at the Bob Carpenter Sports / Convocation Center on the South Campus of the University of Delaware or of a NASCAR Race held at Dover Downs , or on any state or federal highway artery within this State . ( b ) Any person who violates this section shall be guilty of ticket scalping . Any person convicted a first time of ticket scalping is guilty of a class B misdemeanor . Any person convicted a second or subsequent time of ticket scalping shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor . The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction over any offense charged under this section . ( c ) For purposes of this section the word " ticket " shall mean any admittance , receipt , entrance ticket or other evidence of a right to be admitted to an event or exhibit . 70 Del . Laws , c . 233 , ยง 1 71 Del . Laws , c . 46 , ยง 1 . ยง 919 [ Reserved . ] J . Offenses Relating to Recorded Devices and Trademark Counterfeiting ยง 920 Transfer of recorded sounds ; class G felony . ( a ) No person shall knowingly transfer or cause to be transferred , directly or indirectly by any means , any sounds recorded on a phonograph record , disc , wire , tape , film or other article upon which sounds are recorded , with the intent to sell or cause to be sold , or to use for profit through public performance , or to use to promote the sale of any product , such article on which sounds are so transferred , without consent of the owner ; provided , that such owner is domiciled or has ( b ) For the purposes of this section , " owner " means the person who owns the original fixation of sounds embodied in the master phonograph record , master disc , master wire , master tape , master film or other device used for reproducing sounds on phonograph records , discs , wires , tapes , films or other articles upon which sound is recorded , and from which the transferred recorded sounds are directly or indirectly derived . ( c ) Violation of this section shall constitute a class G felony . 60 Del . Laws , c . 611 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 130 , ยง 8 . ยง 921 Sale of transferred recorded sounds ; class A misdemeanor . ( a ) No person shall knowingly , or with reasonable grounds to know , advertise or offer for sale or resale , or sell or resell , distribute or possess for such purposes , any article that has been produced in violation of ยง 920 of this title . ( b ) Violation of this section shall constitute a class A misdemeanor . 60 Del . Laws , c . 611 , ยง 1 67 Del . Laws , c . 130 , ยง 8 . ยง 922 Improper labeling ; class G felony . ( a ) No person shall advertise or offer for sale or resale , or sell or resell , or possess for such purposes , any phonograph record , disc , wire , tape , film or other article on which sounds are recorded , unless the cover , box , jacket , or label clearly and conspicuously discloses the actual name and address of the manufacturer thereof , and the name of the actual performer or group . ( b ) Violation of this section involving 100 or more improperly labeled sound recordings shall constitute a class G felony , otherwise it is / shall constitute an unclassified misdemeanor . ( c ) A second or subsequent violation of this section involving 100 or more improperly labeled sound recordings , or in which the second or subsequent violation plus any and all prior violations of this section added together involve 100 or more improperly labeled sound recordings , shall constitute a class F felony . 75 Del . Laws , c . 410 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 . ยง 923 Exceptions . This subpart shall not apply to : ( 1 ) Any broadcaster who , in connection with or as part of a radio , television or cable broadcast transmission , or for the purpose of archival preservation , transfers any such sounds recorded on a sound recording ; ( 2 ) Any person who transfers such sounds in the home , for personal use , and without compensation for such transfer ; ( 3 ) Any phonograph record , disc , wire , tape , film or other article upon which sound is recorded where a period of 50 years has transpired since the original fixation of sounds thereon was made by the owner or on the owner ' s behalf . ยง 924 Civil litigation . This subpart shall neither enlarge nor diminish the rights of parties in civil litigation . 60 Del . Laws , c . 611 , ยง 1 . ยง 924A Forfeiture . If a person is convicted of a violation of ยง 922 of this title , the court in its sentencing order shall order the forfeiture and destruction or other disposition of : ( 1 ) All articles on which the conviction is based ; and ( 2 ) All implements , devices , materials , and equipment used or intended to be used in the manufacture of the recordings on which the conviction is based . 75 Del . Laws , c . 410 , ยง 3 . ยง 925 Video privacy protection . ( a ) A videotape distributor may not wrongfully disclose an individual or summary listing of any videotapes purchased or rented by a protected individual from the videotape distributor . ( b ) In this section the following words or terms have the meanings indicated : ( 1 ) " Protected individual " means : a . The individual described by any information the wrongful disclosure of which is prohibited under this section ; or b . An agent of that individual . ( 2 ) " Publication " means distribution to a person other than the protected individual . ( 3 ) " Videotape distributor " means a person who sells or rents videotapes . ( 4 ) a . " Wrongful disclosure " means any publication that occurs in circumstances in which a protected individual who rents or purchases a videotape has a reasonable expectation of privacy . b . " Wrongful disclosure " does not include : 1 . Any disclosure made incident to the normal course of the business of renting or selling videotapes to a person whom the protected individual authorizes , prior to distribution , to receive the information ; 2 . Any disclosure made under summons or subpoena to appropriately authorized law enforcement personnel ; 3 . Any disclosure made to a collection agency or person designated by the videotape distributor for the purpose of collecting an unreturned videotape or an amount equal to the value of the unreturned videotape ; or 4 . Any disclosure of names and addresses only for commercial mailing list purposes . ( c ) A person convicted of violating this section shall be subject to a fine of not more than $ 500 for each violation , or imprisonment for not more than 6 months for all violations , or both . 66 Del . Laws , c . 383 , ยง 1 . ยง 926 Trademark counterfeiting . ( a ) Any person who knowingly manufactures , uses , displays , advertises , distributes , offers for sale , sells or possesses with intent to sell or distribute any items or services bearing or identified by a counterfeit mark shall be guilty of the crime of trademark counterfeiting . Definitions . โ As used in this section , the following words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection : ( 1 ) " Counterfeit mark " means : a . Any unauthorized reproduction or copy of intellectual property . b . Intellectual property affixed to any item knowingly sold , offered for sale , manufactured or distributed or identifying services offered or rendered , without the authority of the owner of the intellectual property . ( 2 ) " Intellectual property " means any trademark , service mark , trade name , label , term , device , design or word adopted or used by a person to identify that person ' s goods or services . ( 3 ) " Retail value " means the counterfeiter ' s regular selling price for the item or service bearing or identified by the counterfeit mark . In the case of items bearing a counterfeit mark which are components of a finished product , the retail value shall be the counterfeiter ' s regular selling price of the finished product on or in which the component would be utilized . ( c ) Presumption . โ A person having possession , custody or control of more than 25 items bearing a counterfeit mark shall be presumed to possess said items with intent to sell or distribute . ( d ) Penalties . ( 1 ) Except as provided in paragraphs ( d ) ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) of this section , a violation of this section constitutes a class A misdemeanor . ( 2 ) A violation of this section constitutes a class G felony if : a . The defendant has previously been convicted under this section ; or b . The violation involved more than 100 but less than 1,000 items bearing a counterfeit mark or the total retail value of all items or services bearing or identified by a counterfeit mark is more than $ 2,000 , but less than $ 10,000 . ( 3 ) A violation of this section constitutes a class E felony if : a . The defendant has been previously convicted of 2 or more offenses under this section ; b . The violation involved the manufacture or production of items bearing counterfeit marks ; or c . The violation involved 1,000 or more items bearing a counterfeit mark or the total retail value of all items or services bearing or identified by a counterfeit mark is $ 10,000 or more . ( e ) Quantity or retail value . โ The quantity or retail value of items or services shall include the aggregate quantity or retail value of all items or services bearing or identified by every counterfeit mark the defendant manufactures , uses , displays , advertises , distributes , offers for sale , sells or possesses . ( f ) Fine . โ Any person convicted under this section shall be fined not less than $ 5,000 or an amount up to 3 times the retail value of the items or services bearing or identified by a counterfeit mark , whichever is greater , unless extenuating circumstances are shown by the defendant . ( g ) Seizure , forfeiture and disposition . ( 1 ) Any items bearing a counterfeit mark , and all personal property , including , but not limited to , any items , objects , tools , machines , equipment , instrumentalities or vehicles of any kind , knowingly employed or used in connection with a violation of this section may be seized by any law enforcement officer . ( 2 ) All seized personal property referenced in paragraph ( g ) ( 1 ) of this section shall be forfeited in accordance with applicable law , unless the prosecuting attorney responsible for the charges and the intellectual property owner consent in writing to another disposition . ( h ) Evidence . โ Any federal or state certificate of registration of any intellectual property shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein . 75 Del . Laws , c . 120 , ยง 2 . ยง ยง 927 - 930 . [ Reserved . ] K . Computer - Related Offenses ยง 931 Definitions . As used in this subpart : ( 1 ) " Access " means to instruct , communicate with , store data in or retrieve data from a computer , computer system or computer network . ( 2 ) " Commercial electronic mail " or " commercial e - mail " means any electronic mail message that is sent to a receiving address or account for the purposes of advertising , promoting , marketing or otherwise attempting to solicit interest in any good service or enterprise . ( 3 ) " Computer " means a programmable , electronic device capable of accepting and processing data . ( 4 ) " Computer network " means : a . A set of related devices connected to a computer by communications facilities ; b . A complex of 2 or more computers , including related devices , connected by communications facilities ; or c . The communications transmission facilities and devices used to interconnect computational equipment , along with control mechanisms associated thereto . ( 5 ) " Computer program " means a set of instructions , statements or related data that , in actual or modified form , is capable of causing a computer or computer system to perform specified functions . ( 6 ) " Computer services " includes , but is not limited to , computer access , data processing and data storage . ( 7 ) " Computer software " means 1 or more computer programs , existing in any form , or any associated operational procedures , manuals or other documentation . ( 8 ) " Computer system " means a computer , its software , related equipment and communications facilities , if any , and includes computer networks . ( 9 ) " Data " means information of any kind in any form , including computer software . ( 10 ) " Electronic mail " or " e - mail " means any message that is automatically passed from an originating address or account to a receiving address or account ; ( 11 ) " Electronic mail service provider " means any person who : a . Is an intermediary in sending and receiving electronic mail ; and b . Provides to end - users of electronic mail services the ability to send or receive electronic mail . ( 12 ) The " Internet " is a hierarchy of computer networks and systems that includes , but is not limited to , commercial ( .com or .co ) , university ( .ac or .edu ) and other research networks ( .org , .net ) and military ( .mil ) networks and spans many different physical networks and systems around the world . ( 13 ) " Person " means a natural person , corporation , trust , partnership , incorporated or unincorporated association and any other legal or governmental entity , including any state or municipal entity or public official . ( 14 ) " Private personal data " means data concerning a natural person which a reasonable person would want to keep private and which is protectable under law . ( 15 ) " Property " means anything of value , including data . ( 16 ) " Originating address " or " originating account " means the string used to specify the source of any electronic mail message ( e.g. company @ sender . com ) ; ( 17 ) " Receiving address " or " receiving account " means the string used to specify the destination of any electronic mail message ( e.g. person @ receiver . com ) ; 64 Del . Laws , c . 438 , ยง 1 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง 3 . ยง 932 Unauthorized access . A person is guilty of the computer crime of unauthorized access to a computer system when , knowing that the person is not authorized to do so , the person accesses or causes to be accessed any computer system without authorization . 64 Del . Laws , c . 438 , ยง 1 ยง 933 Theft of computer services . A person is guilty of the computer crime of theft of computer services when the person accesses or causes to be accessed or otherwise uses or causes to be used a computer system with the intent to obtain unauthorized computer services , computer software or data . ยง 934 Interruption of computer services . A person is guilty of the computer crime of interruption of computer services when that person , without authorization , intentionally or recklessly disrupts or degrades or causes the disruption or degradation of computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a computer system . 64 Del . Laws , c . 438 , ยง 1 . ยง 935 Misuse of computer system information . A person is guilty of the computer crime of misuse of computer system information when : ( 1 ) As a result of accessing or causing to be accessed a computer system , the person intentionally makes or causes to be made an unauthorized display , use , disclosure or copy , in any form , of data residing in , communicated by or produced by a computer system ; ( 2 ) That person intentionally or recklessly and without authorization : a . Alters , deletes , tampers with , damages , destroys or takes data intended for use by a computer system , whether residing within or external to a computer system ; or b . Interrupts or adds data to data residing within a computer system ; ( 3 ) That person knowingly receives or retains data obtained in violation of paragraph ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this section ; or ( 4 ) That person uses or discloses any data which that person knows or believes was obtained in violation of paragraph ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this section . ยง 936 Destruction of computer equipment . A person is guilty of the computer crime of destruction of computer equipment when that person , without authorization , intentionally or recklessly tampers with , takes , transfers , conceals , alters , damages or destroys any equipment used in a computer system or intentionally or recklessly causes any of the foregoing to occur . 64 Del . Laws , c . 438 , ยง 1 . ยง 937 Unrequested or unauthorized electronic mail or use of network or software to cause same . A person is guilty of the computer crime of unrequested or unauthorized electronic mail : ( 1 ) When that person , without authorization , intentionally or recklessly distributes any unsolicited bulk commercial electronic mail ( commercial E - mail ) to any receiving address or account under the control of any authorized user of a computer system . This section shall not apply to electronic mail that is sent between human beings , or when the individual has requested said information . This section shall not apply to the transmission of electronic mail from an organization to its members or where there is a preexisting business relationship . No Internet / interactive service provider ( 2 ) When a person uses a computer or computer network without authority with the intent to : Falsify or forge electronic mail transmission information in any manner in connection with the transmission of unsolicited bulk electronic mail through or into the computer network of an electronic mail service provider or its subscribers ; or ( 3 ) When a person sells , gives or otherwise distributes or possesses with the intent to sell , give or distribute software which : a . Is primarily designed or produced for the purpose of facilitating or enabling the falsification of electronic mail transmission information or other routing information ; b . Has only limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to facilitate or enable the falsification of electronic mail transmission information or other routing information ; or c . Is marketed by that person or another acting in concert with that person ' s knowledge for use in facilitating or enabling the falsification of electronic mail transmission information or other routing information . ( 4 ) For the purposes of this section , conduct occurring outside of the State shall be sufficient to constitute this offense if such conduct is within the terms of ยง 204 of this title , or if the receiving address or account was under the control of any authorized user of a computer system who was located in Delaware at the time the authorized user received the electronic mail or communication and the defendant was aware of circumstances which rendered the presence of such authorized user in Delaware a reasonable possibility . 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง 1 ยง 938 Failure to promptly cease electronic communication upon request . ( a ) A person is guilty of the computer crime of failure to promptly cease electronic communication upon request when that person intentionally , recklessly or negligently , fails to stop sending commercial electronic mail to any receiving address or account under the control of any authorized user of a computer system after being requested to do so . All commercial electronic mail sent to any receiving address within the State shall have information to the recipient on how to unsubscribe or stop further receipt of commercial electronic mail from the sender . ( b ) For the purposes of this section , conduct occurring outside of the State shall be sufficient to constitute this offense if such conduct is within the terms of ยง 204 of this title , or if the receiving address or account was under the control of any authorized user of a computer system who was located in Delaware at the time the authorized user received the electronic mail or communication and the defendant was aware of circumstances which rendered the presence of such authorized user in Delaware a reasonable possibility . 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง 1 ยง 939 Penalties . ( a ) A person committing any of the crimes described in ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title is guilty in the first degree when the damage to or the value of the property or computer services affected exceeds $ 10,000 . Computer crime in the first degree is a class D felony . ( b ) A person committing any of the crimes described in ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title is guilty in the second degree when the damage to or the value of the property or computer services affected exceeds $ 5,000 . Computer crime in the second degree is a class E felony . ( c ) A person committing any of the crimes described in ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title is guilty in the third degree when : ( 1 ) The damage to or the value of the property or computer services affected is $ 1,500 or more ; or ( 2 ) That person engages in conduct which creates a risk of serious physical injury to another person . Computer crime in the third degree is a class G felony . ( d ) A person committing any of the crimes described in ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title is guilty in the fourth degree when the damage to or the value of the property or computer services , if any , is under $ 1,500 . Computer crime in the fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor . ( e ) Any person gaining money , property services or other consideration through the commission of any offense under this subpart , upon conviction , in lieu of having a fine imposed , may be sentenced by the court to pay an amount , fixed by the court , not to exceed double the amount of the defendant ' s gain from the commission of such offense . In such case , the court shall make a finding as to the amount of the defendant ' s gain from the offense and , if the record does not contain ( f ) Amounts included in violations of this subpart committed pursuant to 1 scheme or course of conduct , whether from the same person or several persons , may be aggregated in determining the degree of the crime . ( g ) For the purposes of this subpart , the value of property or computer services shall be : ( 1 ) The market value of the property or computer services at the time of the violation ; or ( 2 ) If the property or computer services are unrecoverable , damaged or destroyed as a result of a violation of this subpart , the cost of reproducing or replacing the property or computer services at the time of the violation . When the value of the property or computer services or damage thereto can not be satisfactorily ascertained , the value shall be deemed to be $ 250 . ( h ) Notwithstanding this section , the value of private personal data shall be deemed to be $ 500 . 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 77 Del . Laws , c . 133 , ยง 13 . ยง 940 Venue . ( a ) In any prosecution for any violation of ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title , the offense shall be deemed to have been committed in the place at which the act occurred or in which the computer system or part thereof involved in the violation was located . ( b ) In any prosecution for any violation of ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title based upon more than 1 act in violation thereof , the offense shall be deemed to have been committed in any of the places at which any of the acts occurred or in which a computer system or part thereof involved in a violation was located . ( c ) If any act performed in furtherance of the offenses set out in ยง ยง 932 - 938 of this title occurs in this State or if any computer system or part thereof accessed in violation of ยง ยง 932 - 936 of this title is located in this State , the offense shall be deemed to have occurred in this State . 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 . ยง 941 Remedies of aggrieved persons . ( a ) Any aggrieved person who has reason to believe that any other person has been engaged , is engaged or is about to engage in an alleged violation of any provision of ยง ยง 932 - 938 or ยง 9616A of this title may bring an action against such person and may apply to the Court of Chancery for : ( 1 ) An order temporarily or permanently restraining and enjoining the commencement or continuance of such act or acts ; ( 2 ) An order directing restitution ; or ( 3 ) An order directing the appointment of a receiver . Subject to making due provisions for the rights of innocent persons , a receiver shall have the power to sue for , collect , receive and take into possession any property which belongs to the person who is alleged to have violated any provision of this subpart and which may have been derived by , been used in or aided in any manner such alleged violation . Such property shall include goods and chattels , rights and credits , moneys and effects , books , records , documents , papers , choses in action , bills , notes and property ( b ) The Court may award the relief applied for or such other relief as it may deem appropriate in equity . ( c ) Independent of or in conjunction with an action under subsection ( a ) of this section , any person who suffers any injury to person , business or property may bring an action for damages against a person who is alleged to have violated any provision of ยง ยง 932 - 938 or ยง 9616A of this title . The aggrieved person shall recover actual damages and damages for unjust enrichment not taken into account in computing damages for actual loss and treble damages where there has been a showing of wilful and malicious conduct . ( d ) Proof of pecuniary loss is not required to establish actual damages in connection with an alleged violation of ยง 935 of this title arising from misuse of private personal data . ( e ) In any civil action brought under this section , the Court shall award to any aggrieved person who prevails reasonable costs and reasonable attorneys ' fees . ( f ) The filing of a criminal action against a person is not a prerequisite to the bringing of a civil action under this section against such person . ( g ) No civil action under this section may be brought but within 3 years from the date the alleged violation of ยง ยง 932 - 938 or ยง 9616A of this title is discovered or should have been discovered by the exercise of reasonable diligence . 64 Del . Laws , c . 439 , ยง 1 72 Del . Laws , c . 135 , ยง ยง 1 , 2 80 Del . Laws , c . 147 , ยง 1 . L . Concealment of Funds ยง 951 Money laundering ; class D felony . ( a ) A person is guilty of money laundering when : ( 1 ) The person knowingly acquires or maintains an interest in , conceals , possesses , transfers , or transports the proceeds of criminal activity ; or ( 2 ) The person knowingly conducts , supervises , or facilitates a transaction involving the proceeds of criminal activity ; or ( 3 ) The person knowingly invests , expends , or receives , or offers to invest , expend , or receive the proceeds of criminal activity or funds that the person believes are the proceeds of criminal activity ; or ( 4 ) The person knowingly finances or invests or intends to finance or invest funds that the person believes are intended to further the commission of criminal activity ; or ( 5 ) The person knowingly engages in a transaction involving the proceeds of criminal activity intended , in whole or in part , to avoid a currency transaction reporting requirement under the laws of this State or any other state or of the United States . ( b ) Knowledge of the specific nature of the criminal activity giving rise to the proceeds is not required to establish a culpable mental state under this section . ( c ) For purposes of this section , the following definitions shall apply : ( 1 ) " Criminal activity " means any offense that is a crime under the Laws of Delaware , another state , or the United States . ( 2 ) " Funds " includes : a . Coin or currency of the United States or any other country ; b . Bank checks or money orders ; or c . Investment or negotiable instruments , in bearer form or otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon delivery . ( 3 ) " Funds that the person believes are the proceeds of criminal activity " means any funds that are believed to be proceeds of criminal activity including funds that are not the proceeds of criminal activity . ( 4 ) " Proceeds " means funds acquired or derived directly or indirectly from , produced through , or realized through an act . ( 5 ) " Structure " or " structuring " means that a person , acting alone , or in conjunction with , or on behalf of , other persons , conducts or attempts to conduct 1 or more transactions in currency , in any amount , at 1 or more financial institutions , including video lottery facilities , on 1 or more days , in any manner , for the purpose of evading currency transaction reporting requirements provided by state or federal law . " In any manner " includes , but is not limited to , the breaking ( d ) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the transaction was necessary to preserve a person ' s right to representation as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution or by article I , ยง 17 of the Delaware Constitution or that the funds were received as bona fide legal fees by a licensed attorney and at the time of their receipt , the attorney did not have actual knowledge that the funds were derived from criminal activity . ( e ) A violation of subsection ( a ) of this section is a class D felony . ( f ) Structuring ; avoiding a transaction reporting requirement . โ A person is guilty of a crime if , with the purpose to evade a transaction reporting requirement of this State or of 31 U.S.C. ยง 5311 et seq . or 31 C.F.R. ยง 103 et seq . , or any rules or regulations adopted under those chapters and sections , the person : ( 1 ) Causes or attempts to cause a financial institution , including a video lottery facility , foreign or domestic money transmitter or an authorized delegate thereof , check casher , person engaged in a trade or business or any other individual or entity required by state or federal law to file a report regarding currency transactions or suspicious transactions to fail to file a report ; or ( 2 ) Causes or attempts to cause a financial institution , including a video lottery facility , foreign or domestic money transmitter or an authorized delegate thereof , check casher , person engaged in a trade or business or any other individual or entity required by state or federal law to file a report regarding currency transactions or suspicious transactions to file a report that contains a material omission or misstatement of fact ; or ( 3 ) Structures or assists in structuring , or attempts to structure or assist in structuring , any transaction with one or more financial institutions , including a video lottery facility , foreign or domestic money transmitters or an authorized delegate thereof , check cashers , persons engaged in a trade or business or any other individuals or entities required by state or federal law to file a report regarding currency transactions or suspicious transactions . ( g ) A violation of subsection ( f ) of this section is a class G felony . ( h ) Money laundering shall not be deemed to be a related or included offense of any other provision of this Code . Prosecution and sentencing for money laundering shall not be deemed to preclude prosecution or sentencing under any other provision of this Code . 76 Del . Laws , c . 271 , ยง 1 77 Del . Laws , c . 221 , ยง ยง 6 - 9 . | [
"SPECIFIC OFFENSES",
"Crimes",
"Criminal Procedure"
] |
http://delcode.delaware.gov/title12/c005/index.shtml | 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 TITLE 12 Decedents Estates and Fiduciary Relations Descent and Distribution Escheat CHAPTER 5 INTESTATE SUCCESSION 501 Intestate estate Any part of the real or personal estate of a decedent not effectively disposed of by will passes to the decedents heirs as prescribed in the following sections of this chapter 59 Del Laws c 384 1 502 Share of spouse The intestate share of the surviving spouse is 1 If there is no surviving issue or parents of the decedent the entire intestate estate 2 If there is no surviving issue but the decedent is survived by a parent or parents the first 50000 of the intestate personal estate plus one half of the balance of the intestate personal estate plus a life estate in the intestate real estate 3 If there are surviving issue all of whom are issue of the surviving spouse also the first 50000 of the intestate personal estate plus one half of the balance of the intestate personal estate plus a life estate in the intestate real estate 4 If there are surviving issue one or more of whom are not issue of the surviving spouse one half of the intestate personal estate plus a life estate in the intestate real estate 59 Del Laws c 384 1 60 Del Laws c 199 6 503 Share of heirs other than surviving spouse The part of the intestate estate not passing to the surviving spouse under 502 of this title or the entire intestate estate if there is no surviving spouse passes as follows 1 To the issue of the decedent per stirpes 2 If there is no surviving issue to the decedents parent or parents equally 3 If there is no surviving issue or parent to the brothers and sisters and the issue of each deceased brother or sister per stirpes 4 If there is no surviving issue parent or issue of a parent then to the next of kin of the decedent and to the issue of a deceased next of kin per stirpes 5 Any property passing under this section to 2 or more persons passes to such persons as tenants in common 59 Del Laws c 384 1 70 Del Laws c 186 1 504 Requirement that heir survive decedent for 120 hours Any person who fails to survive the decedent by 120 hours is deemed to have predeceased the decedent for purposes of intestate succession and the decedents heirs are determined accordingly If the time of death of the decedent or of the person who would otherwise be an heir or the times of death of both can not be determined and it can not be established that the person who would otherwise be an heir has survived the decedent by 120 hours it is deemed that the person failed to survive for the required period This section is not to be 59 Del Laws c 384 1 505 Posthumous children Posthumous children born alive shall be considered as though living at the death of their parent 59 Del Laws c 384 1 506 Kindred of half blood Relatives of the half blood inherit the same share they would inherit if they were of the whole blood 59 Del Laws c 384 1 507 Alienage No person is disqualified to take as an heir because the person or a person through whom the person claims is or has been an alien 59 Del Laws c 384 1 70 Del Laws c 186 1 508 Meaning of child and related terms For application of this section see 79 Del Laws c 172 6 If for purposes of intestate succession a relationship of parent and child must be established to determine succession by through or from a person 1 An adopted person is the child of an adopting parent and not of the natural parent except that adoption of a child by the spouse of a natural parent has no effect on the relationship between the child and that natural parent 2 In cases not covered by paragraph 1 of this section a person born out of wedlock is a child of the mother That person is also a child of the father if legitimated pursuant to Chapter 13 of Title 13 or notwithstanding any contrary provision of Chapter 13 of Title 13 if a The natural parents participated in a marriage ceremony before or after the birth of the child even though the attempted marriage is void or b The paternity is established by an adjudication before the death of the father or is established thereafter by preponderance of the evidence except that the paternity established under this paragraph is ineffective to qualify the father or his kindred to inherit from or through the child unless the father has openly treated the child as his and has not refused to support the child 59 Del Laws c 384 1 70 Del Laws c 186 1 79 Del Laws c 172 1 509 Advancements If a person dies intestate as to all the estate property which the person gave in the persons lifetime to an heir is treated as an advancement against the latters share of the estate only if declared in a contemporaneous writing by the decedent or acknowledged in writing by the heir to be an advancement For this purpose the property advanced is valued as of the time the heir came into possession or enjoyment of the property or as of the time of death of the decedent whichever first occurs If the recipient of the property fails to survive the 59 Del Laws c 384 1 70 Del Laws c 186 1 510 Debts owed to decedent A debt owed to the decedent is charged against the intestate share of the debtor If the debtor fails to survive the decedent the debt is not taken into account in computing the intestate share of the debtors issue 59 Del Laws c 384 1 511 Dower and curtesy abolished The estates of dower and curtesy are abolished 59 Del Laws c 384 1 512 Reserved | [
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http://delcode.delaware.gov/title16/c047/ | UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT Subchapter I Definitions Subchapter II Standards and Schedules Subchapter III Regulation of Manufacture Distribution and Dispensing of Controlled Substances Subchapter IIIA Safe Internet Pharmacy Act Subchapter IV Offenses and Penalties Subchapter V Drug Paraphernalia Subchapter VI Enforcement and Administrative Provisions Subchapter VII Miscellaneous Subchapter VIII Drug Overdose Fatality Review Commission | [
"UNIFORM CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT"
] |
http://delectablemusings.com/2012/05/razor-clams-part-2-cleaning-and-storing.html | Razor Clams ! Part 2 : Cleaning and Storing Pin It Now ! Cleaned razor clams ready to eat Like all fresh seafood your newly dug razor clams are very perishable . It is key that as soon as you have your limit you put your clams on ice . Using the same handmade digging buckets really helps with this . You want your clams to be getting chilled but not touching or floating in ice water since freshwater will kill them very quickly and begin the process of spoiling long before you want . Your converted milk jugs will do this job perfectly . Place them in your cooler and then pour your ice around the containers , making sure you do not get any inside with the clams . Once you have your clams back at your camp , home , or clam cleaning station , you will need the following : kitchen scissors Large pot of boiling water ( 6 quart sized or larger ) Slotted spoon Large bucket of ice water ( my husband uses a food safe 5 gallon bucket ) Colander Medium sized clean bowl resting in an ice water bath Notice how much ice you need in all these steps ? I find buying a couple of bags of ice in advance works best since I do n ' t normally have enough on hand to setup two different ice baths - the 5 gallon bucket and the bowl resting in an ice bath . Take the time in advance to get everything setup and organized because once you get this going you will be moving pretty fast . Step 1 - Rinsed razor clams ready for shell removal Step 2 - Removing the shell Step 3 - Butterfly your clam with your kitchen scissors Rinse each clam in very cold water to get off the worst of the sand . We have a septic system so we do this step in a large bowl and then dump the water out into the flowerbed so we are not putting all that sand down into the system . It is now time to get the shells off . The easiest way to do this is with a very quick ( 1 - 5 seconds ) dip in boiling water . You do n ' t want to cook the clams so to avoid this you need to drop a clam in the boiling water and let it sit there for just a few seconds . As soon as the shell loosens and begins to open scoop the clam out of the boiling water and immediately submerge it in your waiting large bucket of ice water to stop the Working through each clam one at a time , hold it firmly in the palm of your hand and using your kitchen scissors cut it open from bottom to top . Snip off the darkened end of the siphon . Open the clam up and work from the inside , snip out any dark material , carefully removing the stomach . Discard these bits . Gently rinse your butterflied clam one last time to remove the last of the sand and dark bits then move it to your waiting bowl resting ice water . Keep the clams very cold while waiting for long term storage or eating . Cleaned clams will keep in the refrigerator in an air tight container for a couple of days . Never eat a clam that smells like anything but the fresh ocean . Measuring cup as freezer bag holder When you are done you will have a pile of delicious clam meat ready to be eaten . If you are lucky enough to have a large haul and want to store some just move them to a freezer bag . I find putting my freezer bag with the top folded down into a measure cup to hold it while I load it makes this far easier to accomplish . Label and then store in the freezer for up to 6 months or more . Watch for Razor Clams ! Part 3 where we finally get to eat them . | [
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"clam cleaning station"
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http://deliciouslyorganic.net/white-bean-chicken-chili-recipe/ | March 13 , 2014 White Bean Chicken Chili ( Grain - Free ) One fun benefit of blogging and writing is the new cookbooks publishing houses often send me . Some I give away to friends , but some are so good I curl up in bed and read every word . The B.T.C. Old - Fashioned Grocery Cookbook arrived unexpectedly in the mail a few weeks ago . I read the title and spent at least 2 minutes trying to figure out what B.T.C meant โ Bacon , Tomato , Cheese ? Bacon , Tortilla , Carrot ? I was determined the word โ bacon โ had to be in the title somewhere . I was wrong . I read a few chapters and learned it stands for , โ Be The Change โ . I like that . Alexe van Beuren started an old - fashioned grocery store in Water Valley , MS a few years ago . It โ s become the heartbeat of the community . Her cook , Dixie , created all the recipes for this book and serves up her Southern cooking at the grocery . The recipes look so good I โ m actually trying to figure out a way for us to detour through Water Valley on our annual summer trip to Missouri . Italian Sausage and Mushroom Breakfast Casserole , Roasted Pear and Zucchini Soup , Honey - Pecan Catfish and Creamed Cabbage with Sherry โ unique recipes I ca n If you like good story - telling , Alexe โ s book fits that bill , too . Each page and recipe centers around a story . She tells of her failings and triumphs as she has worked to build a business in a small town . I find her endearing โ someone I โ d like to sit down and enjoy a cup of coffee with . I tagged dozens of recipes , but the first I tried was her White Bean Chicken Chili . It called for corn and cornmeal , so I needed to adapt the recipe a bit since I have n โ t been eating grains . Most of her recipes are easy to adapt if needed . The delightful chili tastes better the second day and you can get really creative with the toppings . White Bean Chicken Chili Save Recipe Print Recipe My Recipes My Lists My Calendar Ingredients 4 tablespoons unsalted butter 1 yellow onion 1 small green bell pepper , cored , seeded and chopped 2 cloves garlic , minced 2 tablespoons ground cumin 1 tablespoon chili powder 1 / 8 teaspoon ground coriander 1 / 8 teaspoon freshly ground pepper 1 / 8 teaspoon sweet paprika 1 / 8 teaspoon dry mustard 1 / 8 cup tequila 1 ( 16 - ounce ) jar organic salsa 1 ( 7.4 - ounce ) can / jar mild green chilis 2 cups great northern beans , soaked overnight , drained 12 cups homemade chicken stock 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce ( here ' s a great homemade recipe 8 dashes Tabasco sauce 2 teaspoons Celtic sea salt 8 Dixie โ s grilled chicken breasts , chopped ( see below ) Optional Toppings : 2 cups shredded Cheddar cheese 1 / 2 cup sour cream 2 avocados , pitted and sliced 8 lime wedges 1 bunch fresh cilantro , chopped For the Dixie Chicken : 1 / 4 cup extra - virgin olive oil 1 / 2 cup fermented tamari ( Oshawa ) or coconut aminos 2 tablespoons sherry 1 tablespoon honey Juice of 1 lime 1 teaspoon granulated garlic Celtic sea salt and freshly ground black pepper 8 boneless , skinless chicken breasts Instructions Melt butter in a large stockpot over medium heat . Add the onion and bell pepper and cook until the vegetables are soft , about 10 minutes . Make a well in the center of the pot and add the garlic , cumin , chili powder , coriander , ground pepper , paprika and mustard . Stir for about 1 minute until fragrant and then stir spices into the vegetable mixture . Remove the pot from the heat and stir in the tequila . Put the pot back over over the heat and cook until tequila has evaporated , about For the Dixie Chicken : Stir together olive oil , fermeted tamari , sherry , honey , lime , garlic and pepper in a measuring cup . Place chicken in a large baking dish and pour marinade over top . Cover and place in the refrigerator for 2 - 4 hours to marinate . Take the chicken out of the refrigerator 30 minutes before cooking . Preheat the grill to medium to medium heat . Grill the chicken 5 to 6 minutes per side . The chicken is done when the internal temperature is 170ยบF . Transfer the chicken to a cutting board and let This chicken is fabulous on it โ s own or chopped in a salad ! Posts may contain affiliate links , meaning , at no additional cost to you , I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase . Filed Under : Egg - Free Gaps Diet Gluten Free Recipes Grain Free Recipes Main Dish Soups Uncategorized | | [
"White Bean Chicken Chili"
] |
http://delraybeach.com/visit-delray-beach | Visit Delray Beach About Delray Beach , Florida Delray Beach is a first - class resort destination and a diverse , vibrant , community situated on the Atlantic Ocean between Boca Raton and West Palm Beach . A small and intimate town with big city sophistication , Delray Beach is 30 - 45 minutes from Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale International Airports , and only an hour north of Miami . A two - time winner of the coveted All - America City award ( 1993 and 2001 ) , Delray Beach celebrates its art , culture and history . On July 25th , 2012 , Delray Beach was named Most Fun Small Town in the USA by Rand McNally , USA Today and the Travel Channel on a nationally televised special , Best of the Road . There are plenty of reasons that Delray Beach won this award ! Delray โ s Atlantic Avenue , which runs through the center of town from I - 95 to the ocean , is the longest Main Street in Florida . A popular destination for locals and visitors alike , Atlantic Avenue is a charming streetscape filled with upscale shops , fine restaurants and nightly entertainment . The downtown is known , nationally , for its family - friendly festivals such as the Delray Affair and Delray Beach Garlic Fest and for its famous 100 - foot Christmas Tree , where visitors can walk inside to see animated displays . Come for Delray Beach โ s booming art scene is an experience for the eyes and the soul ! More than 20 galleries and public art pieces are located downtown and in the Pineapple Grove Arts District , home to Artists Alley , where you will find working artists in their studios . Gallery Walks draw visitors on Friday nights from October to April . Delray Beach โ s signature event , On The Ave , held five times a year , always features food , music , and an outdoor art gallery . 1 2 3 4 5 | [
"Delray Beach",
"Florida",
"Pineapple Grove Arts District"
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http://deltajobs.net/flight_attendants.htm | Search All Jobs Career Opportunities Returning Candidates Diversity Travel / Benefits Flight Attendant Job Preview A Flight Attendant ' s job revolves around the clock and your life has to move with it . In this video you ' ll see how new Flight Attendants balance the requirements of their flying schedule with the everyday demands of their personal schedule . More importantly , you ' ll learn what drives people like you to seek this rewarding career . Flight Attendants & In - Flight Services You will never want to stand still while working with our In - Flight team . Our men and women are synonymous with gracious attitudes , winning smiles , warm customer service and professionalism . So , if you ' re flying to Shanghai or Salt Lake City , you ' ve come to realize that nothing wins our passengers ' hearts better than the greeting they get from a Delta crew member when you ' re flying them home . You are , truly , the face of Delta and must be passionate about maximizing each customer ' s experience while promoting the Delta brand . You will be remembered not just for your sparkling service but for your aptitude , expertise and hospitality . You ' re positioned to join the four corners of the world . See this world differently while being the envy of the industry . We challenge you to be part of the team . While specific positions will have unique requirements ( example : Flight Attendant minimum age requirement is 21 years of age ; see individual job descriptions ) , you must possess at least a H.S. diploma / GED equivalent , be at least 18 years of age , and possess current authorization to work in the U.S. to work at Delta . โ Search All Flight Attendants & In - Flight Services Positions | [
"Flight Attendant Job",
"Delta"
] |
http://deltamotion.com/support/webhelp/rmctools/Communications/Ethernet/Ethernet_Setup_Topics/Ethernet_Standalone_Network.htm | RMCTools Online Help Setting Up a Standalone TCP / IP Control Network Setting Up a Standalone TCP / IP Control Network Many industrial applications require a standalone Ethernet network for machine control , for example , a PLC communicating with several RMCs and an HMI . This topic describes how to easily set up a standalone Ethernet network using TCP / IP . Before reading this topic , make sure you understand the Understanding IP Addressing topic . Note : This topic is intended only for new networks that will not be connected via a router to another network . If you will be adding an RMC to an existing network or you will be creating a new network that will be connected via a router to another network , consult your network administrator . To set up a stand - alone network : Wire the Network The RMC75E and RMC150E use the IEEE 802.3 100BaseT hardware standard . This means it runs at 100Mbaud on twisted pair wiring rated Category 5 or higher , and uses RJ45 connectors . Twisted pair networks generally use a star topology , which means that each device is wired to a single switch device , as illustrated below : Care should be taken to use a high - quality switch that will support the temperature , noise , vibration , and other environmental requirements of the application . It is also important to use a switch rather than a hub to avoid collisions , which reduce the determinism of the network . Both switches and Category 5 ( commonly called CAT5 ) cabling are readily available from network supply companies . Select a network address and subnet mask . By convention , the address ranges below are intended to be used for private networks . An address from these ranges is a good choice for the network address of a stand - alone control network . 10 . 0 . 0 . 0 - 10 . 255 . 255 . 255 172 . 16 . 0 . 0 - 172 . 31 . 255 . 255 192 . 168 . 0 . 0 - 192 . 168 . 255 . 255 Example : The user decided to use the 192.168.0 address . Because this network address is 24 bits long , the subnet mask will be 255 . 255 . 255 . 0 . This leaves 254 local addresses ( remember that addresses 0 and 255 are reserved ) for an IP address range of 192 . 168 . 0 . 1 to 192 . 168 . 0 . 254 . Assign local addresses for each device . The IP address range from step 2 provides 254 IP addresses that can be assigned to the network devices . When assigning addresses , ensure that all devices have unique address . To avoid assigning the same IP address twice , record the IP address assignments for use later when you need to add or replace device . By convention , local address 1 ( IP address 192 . 168 . 0 . 1 in our new example network in the previous step ) is used as the default gateway . Even if you do not have gateway / router , it is a good idea to leave that address unassigned . Assign your first device ( perhaps a PLC ) 192 . 168 . 0 . 2 , assign your second device ( perhaps an RMC ) 192 . 168 . 0 . 3 , etc . Enter the network parameters into each device . The method of assigning the network parameters varies for each type of device . Use the IP address you have assigned , a subnet mask of 255 . 255 . 255 . 0 , and leave the default gateway blank for each device . See RMC Ethernet Setup for details on editing these parameters on the RMC , and consult the manuals of the other devices on your network for details on setting up their TCP / IP parameters . See Also Understanding IP Addressing | Ethernet Overview Send comments on this topic . Copyright ( c ) 2005 - 2019 by Delta Computer Systems , Inc . \ n \ n Send comments on this topic . | [
"TCP / IP Control Network",
"standalone Ethernet network"
] |
http://deluxecleanersbirmingham.com/2012/03/19/how-to-remove-creases-and-pleats-from-your-pants/ | Return to posts page How to remove Creases and Pleats from your Pants Pleats and creases can prove especially stubborn to iron out of pants . Whether they are the original pleats and creases or new creases caused from sitting in a drawer or getting tangled up in the dryer , you can choose from several methods to remove them from your pants . Begin by washing and drying your pants according to their label instructions to loosen up the pleats or creases . Be sure to set your iron to the fabric type of your pants and test each ironing method in an inconspicuous area of your pants to avoid ruining the Place your pants on the ironing board . Fill a spray bottle with distilled water ( using distilled water will reduce the mineral buildup on your pants ) . Spray the water directly onto the pleat or crease you wish to remove from your pants . Iron your pants as usual , applying pressure to the iron as you smooth it slowly across the pleat or crease of your pants . Spray some spray starch lightly onto your pants , concentrating it on the pleat or crease you wish to iron out . Slowly iron out your pants as usual on the ironing board . To prevent flaking when you โ re using spray starch , set your iron at a medium heat setting or below . AVOID HIGH HEAT Turn your pants inside - out . Rub a bar of soap on the inside of your pants , along the line of the pleat or crease . Turn your pants right side - out and iron them on the ironing board . Dampen a clean cloth with white vinegar . Rub this cloth on the pleat or crease of your pants , then iron them as usual . Wash and dry your pants to get rid of the vinegar smell , and then iron them again . This extra wash may also aid you in getting the pleat or crease out . Return to posts page | [
"remove Creases",
"Pants",
"Deluxe Cleaners"
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http://demo.openatrium.com/ | Team Work just getting started Read documentation to help you get going with Atrium or Visit the open source Atrium project at DRUPALORG User login Username Password If you forgot your password request a new password need the pros Find BestinClass Professional Services to build out your Atrium solution | [
"documentation"
] |
http://demo.webassign.net/ebooks/cj6demo/pc/c18/read/main/c18x18_5.htm | THE FORCE THAT POINT CHARGES EXERT ON EACH OTHER Figure 1810 Each point charge exerts a force on the other Regardless of whether the forces are a attractive or b repulsive they are directed along the line between the charges and have equal magnitudes The French physicist CharlesAugustin Coulomb 17361806 carried out a number of experiments to determine how the electric force that one point charge applies to another depends on the amount of each charge and the separation between them His result now known as Coulombs law is stated below COULOMBS LAW The magnitude F of the electrostatic force exerted by one point charge q 1 on another point charge q 2 is directly proportional to the magnitudes q 1 and q 2 of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r between them 181 where k is a proportionality constant whose value in SI units is k 899 10 9 Nm 2 C 2 The electrostatic force is directed along the line joining the charges and it is attractive if the charges have unlike signs and repulsive if the charges have like signs It is common practice to express k in terms of another constant e 0 by writing k 14 p e 0 e 0 is called the permittivity of free space and has a value of e 0 14 p k 885 10 12 C 2 Nm 2 Equation 181 gives the magnitude of the electrostatic force that each point charge exerts on the other When using this equation then it is important to remember to substitute only the charge magnitudes without algebraic signs for q 1 and q 2 as Example 2 illustrates Need more practice Interactive LearningWare 181 An object of mass of 215 kg is located just above the surface of the earth radius 638 10 6 m Suppose that the object and the earth have an identical charge q Therefore two forces the gravitational force and the electrostatic force act on the object Assuming that the earths charge is located at the center of the earth determine q magnitude and sign when the object is in equilibrium Related Homework Problem 11 Example 2 A Large Attractive Force Two objects whose charges are 10 and 10 C are separated by 10 km Compared to 10 km the sizes of the objects are small Find the magnitude of the attractive force that either charge exerts on the other Considering that the sizes of the objects are small compared to the separation distance we can treat the charges as point charges Coulombs law may then be used to find the magnitude of the attractive force provided that only the magnitudes of the charges are used for the symbols q 1 and q 2 that appear in the law Solution The magnitude of the force is 181 The force calculated in Example 2 corresponds to about 2000 pounds and is so large because charges of 10 C are enormous Such large charges are encountered only in the most severe conditions as in a lightning bolt where as much as 25 coulombs can be transferred between the cloud and the ground The typical charges produced in the laboratory are much smaller and are measured conveniently in microcoulombs 1 microcoulomb 1 m C 10 6 C Coulombs law has a form remarkably similar to Newtons law of gravitation F Gm 1 m 2 r 2 The force in both laws depends on the inverse square 1 r 2 of the distance between the two objects and is directed along the line between them In addition the force is proportional to the product of an intrinsic property of each of the objects the magnitudes of the charges q 1 and q 2 in Coulombs law and the masses m 1 and m 2 in the gravitation law But there is a major difference between the two laws The electrostatic force can be either repulsive or attractive depending on whether or not the charges have the same sign in contrast the gravitational force is always an attractive force Section 55 discusses how the gravitational attraction between the earth and a satellite provides the centripetal force that keeps a satellite in orbit Example 3 illustrates that the electrostatic force of attraction plays a similar role in a famous model of the atom created by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr 18851962 Example 3 A Model of the Hydrogen Atom In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom the electron e is in orbit about the nuclear proton e at a radius of r 529 10 11 m as Figure 1811 shows Determine the speed of the electron assuming the orbit to be circular Figure 1811 In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom the electron e orbits the proton e at a distance of r 529 10 11 m The velocity of the electron is v Recall from Section 52 that any object moving with speed v on a circular path of radius r has a centripetal acceleration of a c v 2 r This acceleration is directed toward the center of the circle Newtons second law specifies that the net force S F needed to create this acceleration is S F ma c mv 2 r where m is the mass of the object This equation can be solved for the speed Since the mass of the electron is m 911 31 kg and the radius is given we can calculate the speed once a value for the net force is available For the electron in the hydrogen atom the net force is provided almost exclusively by the electrostatic force as given by Coulombs law This force points toward the center of the circle since the electron and the proton have opposite signs The electron is also pulled toward the proton by the gravitational force However the gravitational force is negligible in comparison to the electrostatic force Problem solving insight When using Coulombs law F k q 1 q 2 r 2 remember that the symbols q 1 and q 2 stand for the charge magnitudes Do not substitute negative numbers for these symbols Solution The electron experiences an electrostatic force of attraction because of the proton and the magnitude of this force is Using this value for the net force we find This orbital speed is almost five million miles per hour Since the electrostatic force depends on the inverse square of the distance between the charges it becomes larger for smaller distances such as those involved when a strip of adhesive tape is stuck to a smooth surface Electrons shift over the small distances between the tape and the surface As a result the materials become oppositely charged Since the distance between the charges is relatively small the electrostatic force of attraction is large enough to contribute to the adhesive bond Figure 1812 shows an image of the sticky surface of a piece of tape after it has been pulled off a metal surface The image was obtained using an atomicforce microscope and reveals the tiny pits left behind when microscopic portions of the adhesive remain stuck to the metal because of the strong adhesive bonding forces Figure 1812 After a strip of adhesive tape has been pulled off a metal surface there are tiny pits approximately one tenmillionth of a meter in diameter in the sticky surface of the tape as this image shows It was obtained using an atomicforce microscope Courtesy Louis Scudiero and J Thomas Dickinson Washington State University THE FORCE ON A POINT CHARGE DUE TO TWO OR MORE OTHER POINT CHARGES Up to now we have been discussing the electrostatic force on a point charge magnitude q 1 due to another point charge magnitude q 2 Suppose that a third point charge magnitude q 3 is also present What would be the net force on q 1 due to both q 2 and q 3 It is convenient to deal with such a problem in parts First find the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on q 1 by q 2 ignoring q 3 Then determine the force exerted on q 1 by q 3 ignoring q 2 The net force on q 1 is the vector sum of these forces Examples 4 and 5 illustrate this approach when the charges lie along a straight line and on a plane respectively Three Charges on a Line Figure 1813 a shows three point charges that lie along the x axis in a vacuum Determine the magnitude and direction of the net electrostatic force on q 1 Figure 1813 a Three charges lying along the x axis b The force exerted on q 1 by q 2 is F 12 while the force exerted on q 1 by q 3 is F 13 Part b of the drawing shows a freebody diagram of the forces that act on q 1 Since q 1 and q 2 have opposite signs they attract one another Thus the force exerted on q 1 by q 2 is F 12 and it points to the left Similarly the force exerted on q 1 by q 3 is F 13 and is also an attractive force It points to the right in Figure 1813 b The magnitudes of these forces can be obtained from Coulombs law The net force is the vector sum of F 12 and F 13 Solution The magnitudes of the forces are Since F 12 points in the negative x direction and F 13 points in the positive x direction the net force F is The plus sign in the answer indicates that the net force points to the right in the drawing Need more practice Interactive LearningWare 182 A positive charge is placed on the x axis q 700 m C x 0600 m and another positive charge is placed on the y axis q 900 m C y 0400 m A third charge q 600 m C m 500 10 8 kg is placed at the coordinate origin If the charge at the origin were free to move what would be the magnitude of its acceleration Related Homework Problem 18 Example 5 Three Charges in a Plane Figure 1814 a shows three point charges that lie in the x y plane in a vacuum Find the magnitude and direction of the net electrostatic force on q 1 Figure 1814 a Three charges lying in a plane b The net force acting on q 1 is F F 12 F 13 The angle that F makes with the x axis is q The force exerted on q 1 by q 2 is F 12 and is an attractive force because the two charges have opposite signs It points along the line between the charges The force exerted on q 1 by q 3 is F 13 and is also an attractive force It points along the line between q 1 and q 3 Coulombs law specifies the magnitudes of these forces Since the forces point in different directions see Figure 1814 b we will use vector components to find the net force Problem solving insight The electrostatic force is a vector and has a direction as well as a magnitude When adding electrostatic forces take into account the directions of all forces using vector components as needed Solution The magnitudes of the forces are The net force F is the vector sum of F 12 and F 13 as part b of the drawing shows The components of F that lie in the x and y directions are F x and F y respectively Our approach to finding F is the same as that used in Chapters 1 and 4 The forces F 12 and F 13 are resolved into x and y components Then the x components are combined to give F x and the y components are combined to give F y Once F x and F y are known the magnitude and direction of F can be determined using trigonometry Force x component y component F 12 96 N cos 73 28 N 96 N sin 73 92 N F 13 18 N F F x 21 N F y 92 N The magnitude F and the angle q of the net force are Concept Simulation 181 This simulation allows you to change the magnitude and algebraic sign of each charge in Figure 1814 The forces acting on charge q 1 and the resultant of these forces are displayed to scale as changes are made so that you can see the effects of your choices Related Homework Problem 61 Check Your Understanding 2 The drawing shows three point charges arranged in different ways The charges are q q and q each has the same magnitude one being positive and the other two negative In each part of the drawing the distance d is the same Rank the arrangements in descending order largest first according to the magnitude of the net electrostatic force that acts on the positive charge Background The electrostatic force that one point charge exerts on another is described by Coulombs law Like any force this force is a vector quantity and the rules of vector addition apply For similar questions including calculational counterparts consult SelfAssessment Test 181 which is described next SelfAssessment Test 181 Test your understanding of the material in Sections 181 182 183 184 and 185 The Origin of Electricity Conductors and Insulators Charging by Contact and by Induction Coulombs Law | [
"electrostatic force",
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] |
http://democracyinafrica.org/women-politics-africa-today/ | Uncategorized Women and Politics in Africa Today By Aili Mari Tripp 9 December 2013 9 14092 views In this post , Aili Mari Tripp looks at the presence of women in African politics . She asks how we can explain recent shifts across the continent , and what a focus on Africa adds to our broader understanding of women in politics . Aili Mari Tripp is the Professor of Political Science and Gender & Women โ s Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison . One of the most fascinating developments in African politics has been the increase in women โ s political participation since the mid 1990s . Women are becoming more engaged in a variety of institutions from local government , to legislatures , and even the executive . Today , Africa is a leader in women โ s parliamentary representation globally . African countries have some of the world โ s highest rates of representation : Rwanda claimed the world โ s highest ratio of women in parliament in 2003 and today Rwandan women hold 64 % of the country โ s The parliamentary patterns are evident in other areas as well . Ellen Johnson - Sirleaf became the first elected woman president in Africa in 2005 , and more recently Joyce Banda took over as president in Malawi . There have been nine female prime ministers in Africa since 1993 , including Luisa Diongo in Mozambique , who served for six years . Since 1975 there have been 12 female vice presidents like Wandira Speciosa Kazibwe in Uganda . Presently there are female vice presidents in Mauritius , Zimbabwe , Gambia and Djibouti and there have been others in South Africa Women are similarly visible in regional bodies , holding 50 % of the African Union parliamentary seats . Gertrude Mongella served as the first president of the Pan African Parliament and in July 2012 , South Africa โ s Nkosazana Dhlamini - Zuma took over the leadership of the African Union Commission . Even at the local level , women make up almost 60 percent of local government positions in Lesotho and Seychelles , 43 percent of the members of local councils or municipal assemblies in Namibia , and over one - third of local government seats in Mauritania , These patterns are evident in the judiciary as well with the advancement of women judges at all levels . African women judges are even making it into the international arena with Fatou Bensouda from Gambia holding the post of chief prosecutor in the International Criminal Court . Curiously , all but one of the current five African judges on the ICC are women . [ 1 ] These changes in the African political terrain can be explained by three interrelated factors : 1 ) the decline of conflict in Africa ; 2 ) the expansion of civil liberties , particularly in the context of shifts from authoritarian to slightly more liberalized hybrid regimes , along with the emergence of autonomous women โ s movements that accompanied this opening ; 3 ) pressures from international actors like UN agencies , regional organizations , donors and other external actors that influenced the state . Challenges to Conventional Scholarship The literature exploring these developments has challenged conventional explanations of women โ s political empowerment that has , until very recently , mostly drawn on women โ s experiences in Europe , North America , Australia and New Zealand . The factors that had , for example , traditionally been used to explain rates of female legislative representation included the type of electoral system , with proportional representation being more favorable to women . It also included party and district magnitude , levels of socioeconomic development , women โ s education and workforce participation , party ideology , religion and 1 ) Fast Track The gradual increase of female representation in Scandinavia used to be the model that everyone looked to in the past , when the Nordic countries were alone in enjoying the highest rates of female representation . This Nordic model has now been replaced by what Danish political scientist Drude Dahlerup has called the โ fast track โ model , which is evident in African countries that have experienced dramatic jumps in female parliamentary representation primarily through the adoption of electoral quotas . Since the mid 1990s , the focus on electoral systems like proportional representation systems as a key explanatory factor in explaining female legislative representation now needs to be accompanied by other institutional factors such as the introduction of electoral quotas because of the developments we have seen in Africa , and elsewhere . In the decades leading up to 1995 , only six countries in sub - Saharan Africa had adopted quotas , while today more than half ( 25 out of 48 ) of all sub - Saharan African countries have adopted gender quotas which are measures that increase the chances of women being elected to office . The 1995 UN Conference on Women held in Beijing helped spur these trends by adopting a Platform of Action that encouraged countries to advance women โ s political leadership . There have been basically three types of quotas introduced to influence legislative representation of women , the first two of which are most commonly employed in Africa : 1 ) Reserved seats , mandated by constitutions or legislation or both , set aside seats for which only women can compete , guaranteeing from the outset that a predetermined percentage of seats would be held by women . 2 ) Voluntary quotas adopted by parties , regardless of whether there is a legal mandate . 3 ) C ompulsory quotas , which legally require all parties to include a certain percentage of women on their candidate lists . They generally do not mandate where they should be placed on the list , which is crucial to the success of such a provision . Few such arrangements are found in Africa . These tend to be less successful mechanisms because they are imposed on parties . Thus , the adoption of quotas , particularly in Africa , has forced new understandings of what accounts for female political representation globally . 2 ) Religiosity The African experiences are also challenging conventional understandings of the impact of religion on women โ s rights . Religiosity and , in particular Islam , has been seen by comparative scholars like Pippa Norris and Ron Inglehart as constraints on women โ s political representation . However , many of the countries that have adopted quotas in Africa have significant Muslim populations , including Tanzania , Mauritania , Senegal , Eritrea , Sudan , Niger , and most recently Somalia . This trend has now continued in all the countries in the Maghreb , including Libya , Algeria , Tunisia , Mauritania and Morocco . Muslim - majority countries have been motivated to adopt quotas for a variety of reasons : as a result of pressures from women โ s movements and from female elites ; in an effort to comply with changing international norms and A global crossnational study done by Alice Kang and myself shows that these patterns in Africa are replicated globally and one can no longer say that Muslim countries in general have proportionately lower rates of female representation , especially when region and quotas are factored into one โ s model . Even the Middle East , which has been particuarly slow in advancing women โ s rights and political leadership , is beginning to increase women โ s political presence . This is not to say that there are n โ t serious constraints on women in predominantly Muslim countries , but it is important to note that when it 3 ) Democratization The literature on the most recent third wave of democratization has shown that its impacts on gender equality were initially rather disappointing in Latin America and East Europe . In some of these countries , women โ s movements declined and women โ s organizations and their leaders were coopted by political parties and governments as political processes became institutionalized . In contrast , in Africa ( and East Asia ) , democratization was accompanied by an expansion of women โ s rights , however limited , as political transitions opened up political space that gave women new possibilities for he limits of this change in opportunity structures for women in countries like South Africa Democratic and non - democratic countries have similar levels of women โ s political representation in Africa , in part , because of the adoption of quotas by non - democratic countries like Rwanda and Uganda . However , new empirical studies now show that the expansion of civil liberties , in particular , fuel the growth of women โ s legislative representation further down the road , suggesting that increased political space allows for women โ s mobilization for representation . Thus , it is democratization , rather than levels of democracy , that may be more important in 4 ) Post - Conflict Impacts The changes in women โ s political advancement have been most noticeable in post - conflict countries , especially after 2000 . This is also something that was not evident when studies of women and politics focused only on the global North . Post - conflict countries in Africa have twice as many women in legislatures as non - post conflict countries in the continent . Having experienced more conflicts than any other part of the world , these trends have been more pronounced in Africa but they are also evident in other parts of the world for many of Post conflict countries in Africa have also passed twice as much woman - friendly legislation when compared with non post - conflict countries , and they have made the most constitutional reforms in women โ s rights . In particular , they have pushed for legislative quotas for women far more than other countries ; they are challenging customary law ; working to ensure land rights , and passing laws around violence against women often at double the rates we see in non - post - conflict countries . While these trends are most pronounced in countries that have experienced I am currently writing a book about these developments . I explain these changes by a convergence of three developments that are global , but have a particular African dimension to them , making the trends most visible in Africa . Firstly , these trends became evident after a precipitous decline in conflict , especially after 2000 . The end of the Cold War influenced some of these changes . There was also the increased importance of international and regional peacekeeping efforts , greater efforts regarding diplomacy and peace negotiations to end conflict , and the increase in influence of peace movements . The effect on societies and gender relations was much more profound in these post - conflict countries . These patterns are primarily evident after in civil conflicts , which unlike interstate wars required a renegotiation of the polity . The decline of conflict often created opportunity structures like peace negotiations and constitution - making exercises that allowed women activists to press for a women โ s right โ s agenda and increased representation . The absence of such opportunity structures denied women and other civil society actors the ability to assert their interests and the lack of national reconciliation made it even harder to articulate a crosscutting set of interests among women . Thus , where conflicts ended with the decimation of the rival force , there was no impetus for peace talks , hence less opportunities for women Secondly , there was a change in international norms regarding women โ s political representation and women โ s rights more generally . This influenced not only domestic women โ s movements through the increase in donor funding of women NGOs , but it also influenced the activities of multilateral agencies , e.g. , the United Nations and the World Bank , and of donors more generally . Post conflict countries were particularly susceptible , in part , because they were more donor dependent . Those countries that have been most inclined to comply with international treaties regarding women โ s rights have also been the most donor dependent . Thirdly , the end of conflict also disrupted gender roles and relations and created incentives for women to demand greater rights and representation . This was especially evident in countries that had undergone major conflict , where conflicts were long in duration and / or had large numbers of casualties . The presence of women combatants in countries like Liberia and Sierra Leone challenged existing gender norms as did women โ s roles in peace movements . The gender disruptions were evident both in countries where women were active in battle and in peace movements or both , but these changes were not as evident where women played neither role in the The decline of conflict also created a political opening , although often not a very large one . But the opening was sufficient to allow for the emergence of new autonomous women โ s movements of the kind that had sprung up throughout Africa , especially after the 1990s . In some countries , these movements had their origins in peace movements during the war ( e.g. , Sierra Leone and Liberia ) . In other countries they emerged after the conflict was over ( e.g. , Uganda ) . During war , women โ s organizations attempted to influence formal peace talks , and after the conflict they sought to influence women โ s political leadership , constitution - making and legislative reforms . But they also engaged in extensive informal mobilization . In I spoke with the leader of a Bomi women โ s organization in Liberia last summer who explained what these gender disruptions meant at the local level : โ During the war we got to know our value because we were forced to find food for the children ; men could not go out . When Ellen [ Johnson - Sirleaf ] took over things changed for women . We praise God for the leaders God gave us . Women can speak anywhere [ in public ] now . In the past , women were in the back and were Finally , women are often perceived , rightly or wrongly , as outsiders to politics and therefore untainted by corruption and clientelism . They are seen as not having fomented conflict . This gave them greater credibility in the newly reconstituted political order . These perceptions may not have always been accurate , but they are there and have given women added credibility in seeking office . 5 ) African Influences on Women โ s Rights Globally In addition to these post - conflict dynamics , there are yet other areas where the scholarship in Africa is shaping and challenging broader understandings of gender and politics . One of these has to do with African influences on global women โ s rights discourse . There has long been a tendency in Western scholarship to see international influences in women โ s rights as external to Africa . Africa not only has absorbed international women โ s rights norms and practices , but it has contributed to them as well . Ideas and practices have emerged from Africa and spread elsewhere and for this reason it is important to acknowledge the ways in which African women โ s movements have , and are , influencing these global trends . The marginalized position of Africa in the global context has often blurred the contribution of African women to many discourses of the global women โ s movement . Also the international media has had little interest in African women , except to portray them as hopelessly mired in traditional practices such as genital mutilation or as helpless victims of war and famine . The extensive documentation of the women โ s movement in Europe and the United States has often overshadowed the contributions of the women โ s movements outside these regions , creating the misinformed perception that women โ s activism globally was a byproduct of Western feminist movements . Women in Africa , especially after the mid 1970s , started protesting such characterizations and increased efforts to document their own movements . The Association of African Women for Research and Development ( AAWORD ) , for example , was formed in 1976 in response to experiences at the first UN conference African women โ s movements continue to actively define their own agendas . They have helped influence the combination of the rights - based and development - based approaches to women โ s advancement . Global feminism is a more South - centered movement than ever before , and African women leaders have significantly contributed to bringing about this transformation . African contributions to transnational women โ s rights activism have been especially important in the areas of violence against women , women and conflict , the girl child , financing women โ s entrepreneurship which was influenced by pioneers like Esther Ocloo in Ghana , opposing female genital cutting , analysing the role of government vs . NGOs in service provision , and , increasingly , encouraging discussions about women and political decision making and the adoption of quotas . One area that has generated considerable momentum in Africa has been the adoption of โ gender budget initiatives โ , or attempts to make the gender implications of national spending priorities more explicit and ultimately fairer . After the 1995 Beijing UN women โ s conference , many countries in Africa adopted women โ s budgets patterned along the lines of South Africa โ s 1994 budget exercise . Approximately 30 gender - sensitive budget initiatives were underway globally by 2006 , the largest number of which were in Africa . Gender budgeting , which was initially primarily found in African women โ s contributions to policy were also to be seen in global fora . Coming from a continent that has experienced a great many of the world โ s civil conflicts , African women were very proactive in promoting issues of peace and peacemaking in international fora and in confronting various heads of states . African women , in particular , made peace a central issue at the UN Beijing conference on women in 1995 . Their efforts contributed greatly to the passing of the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on 31 October 2000 to include women in These are just two areas where women in Africa have contributed to policy debates globally . Conclusions Research on women and politics in Africa has made important contributions to both scholarship on Africa , on African politics and the more general literature on gender and politics . This area of study is fast evolving and has made key advances in helping explain the increasing rates of female legislative representation ; the role of women in conflict ; state policies and processes regarding women โ s rights ; women and patronage politics ; and the role of traditional authorities with respect to women โ s leadership and rights . Gender and politics in Africa is an emerging field of study which poses many new and exciting possibilities for new scholarly agendas . There is still a lot we do n โ t know , including the role of traditional authorities , women in local politics , women and decentralization , and the constraints and possibilities for women in authoritarian and semi - authoritarian / semi - democratic regimes . We need more historical work . But perhaps above all , we do n โ t have a good sense yet of what difference women in power make , particularly Nevertheless , women enter institutions with long histories and established ways of doing things . Although some women will challenge the status quo and will see themselves as advocates for women โ s rights , many become absorbed into these same institutions and behave much like the male legislators , ministers and presidents that came before them . It is these processes that we need to better understand . The paper is an adaptation of a talk that was presented November 30 , 2012 , as Aili Tripp โ s presidential address to the African Studies Association at its annual meeting held in Philadelphia , PA . [ 1 ] Joyce Aluoch ( Kenya ) Fatoumata Dembรฉlรฉ Diarra ( Mali ) , Akua Kuenyehia ( Ghana ) , Sanji Mmasenono Monageng ( Botwsana ) . Aili Mari Tripp | [
"Women",
"Politics",
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http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/EnergyOfASlingshotDavidAndGoliath/ | Energy of a Slingshot : David and Goliath Download to Desktop Copying . . . Copy to Clipboard Source David defeated Goliath by striking him on the forehead with a stone from a slingshot . How did David do it ? The key quantities are the energy and speed of the stone . The greater the energy , the greater the damage to the target ( Goliath ' s head ) , and the greater the speed , the less likely Goliath will be able to dodge the stone . This Demonstration shows energy being transferred to the elastic bands of the slingshot and then to the stone as energy of motion ( kinetic energy ) . You can [ more ] Contributed by : Fernand Brunschwig ( March 2011 ) Open content licensed under CC BY - NC - SA Snapshots Details As the slingshot is pulled back , chemical energy is transferred from David ' s muscles to elastic energy in the bands of the slingshot . After the slingshot is released , the elastic energy is transferred to the stone as energy of motion ( kinetic energy ) . You can generate maximum energy and maximum speed by using a light stone and strong bands . However , you may have noticed that the kinetic energy transferred to the stone does not depend upon its mass ! This Demonstration is a model of a real slingshot , which is based on certain idealizations and omissions of features of the real world . A model ' s reliability depends on the extent to which its assumptions are valid . We have made three key assumptions : 1 . All of the energy stored in the elastic bands is transferred to the stone as kinetic energy . In fact , the elastic bands themselves gain speed and some kinetic energy . In most cases , the stone carries away essentially all of the elastic energy . But if the mass of the stone is small , comparable to the mass of the elastic bands , about an equal amount of elastic energy becomes kinetic energy of the bands themselves . Thus a smaller stone would gain less of the available elastic energy . One would therefore not 2 . At low speeds , air resistance has no effect on the energy and speed of the stone . As the speed of the stone increases or its mass decreases , however , air resistance might become more important . Thus air resistance also limits the advantage of reducing the mass of the stone , as described in 1 above . 3 . The shooter can draw the slingshot back the full 1.0 m every time , no matter how strong the elastic bands . In fact , the strength of the shooter ' s arms places a limit on the strength of the elastic bands . If the shooter can not stretch them the full 1.0 m , the elastic energy and the kinetic energy of the stone will be reduced . This places a limit on the maximum strength of the bands . Before he goes out to confront Goliath , David should build up his arm muscles and Inspired by " Matter and Energy , " Chap . 4 in R . Karplus , Introductory Physics : A Model Approach , 2nd ed . , Buzzards Bay , MA : Captain ' s Engineering Services , Inc . , 2003 . Permanent Citation Fernand Brunschwig " Energy of a Slingshot : David and Goliath " http : / / demonstrations . wolfram . com / EnergyOfASlingshotDavidAndGoliath / Wolfram Demonstrations Project Published : March 7 2011 Share Demonstration Related Demonstrations More by Author Conservation of Energy with a Simple Pendulum S . E . McCaslin Potential and Kinetic Energies of a Falling Object Matt Collins ( Science and Mathematics Academy ) Block on a Frictionless Inclined Plane Fernand Brunschwig and Joe Bolte Gravitational Slingshot Effect S . M . Blinder Physics of a Rear - End Collision Enrique Zeleny Deformation of a Tennis Ball and Racket Strings Enrique Zeleny Bernoulli ' s Theorem Interrupted Pendulum Bouncing a Superball Lkhagvajargal Yondonjamts and Stan Wagon Hooke ' s Law Related Topics College Physics Mechanics Physics Browse all topics | [
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http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/HelmholtzCoil/ | Helmholtz Coil Download to Desktop Copying . . . Copy to Clipboard Source A Helmholtz coil consists of two circular coils of radius with a common axis placed symmetrically in parallel planes at and , separated by the distance . Both coils carry electrical currents flowing in the same direction . To maximize the homogeneity of the magnetic induction at the center of the coils , the separation distance is set equal to the radius of the coils , [ more ] Contributed by : Thomas Koeppel ( March 2011 ) Open content licensed under CC BY - NC - SA Snapshots Details For more information on Helmholtz coils , see the following references . Helmholtz Coil on Wikipedia J . D . Jackson , Classical Electrodynamics , 3rd ed . , New York : Wiley , 1998 E . M . Lifshitz and L . D . Landau , The Classical Theory of Fields , Vol . 2 , 4th ed . , Oxford : Butterworth - Heinemann , 1980 E . M . Lifshitz , L . D . Landau , and L . P . Pitaevskii , Electrodynamics of Continuous Media , Vol . 8 , 2nd ed . , Oxford : Butterworth - Heinemann , 1984 Helmholtz Coil Manual from ETS - Lindgren Permanent Citation Thomas Koeppel " Helmholtz Coil " http : / / demonstrations . wolfram . com / HelmholtzCoil / Wolfram Demonstrations Project Published : March 7 2011 Share Demonstration Related Demonstrations More by Author Square Helmholtz Coils Peter Euripides Induced EMF through a Wire Michael Zajac Spherical Shell in a Magnetic Field Michael Trott Magnetic Flux through a Loop of Wire Ernest Lee Alternating - Current Generator Enrique Zeleny Electric Current Enrique Zeleny Helmholtz - Coil Fields Franz Krafft Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field Ernest Lee and Arvind Kannan Flux Eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz Equation in a Right Triangle Michael Trott Related Topics 3D Graphics College Physics Electrical Engineering Electromagnetism Physics Vector Fields Browse all topics | [
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http://denniscaplan.fatcow.com/Chapter16.htm | MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES By Dennis Caplan University at Albany State University of New York CHAPTER 16 Fixed Manufacturing Overhead Chapter Contents Alternative denominator levels Production incentives The allocation of fixed overhead and management decisionmaking Annies Soup Company Exercises and problems Recall the steps to product costing 1 Identify the cost object 2 Identify the direct costs associated with the cost object 3 Identify overhead costs 4 Select the cost allocation base for assigning overhead costs to the cost object 5 Develop the overhead rate per unit for allocating overhead to the cost object This chapter focuses on steps 3 through 5 for fixed manufacturing overhead Alternative denominator levels It is possible to allocate overhead separately for fixed overhead and for variable overhead and there are sometimes good reasons to do so When fixed and variable manufacturing overhead are allocated separately there are important issues related to how the denominator of the fixed overhead rate is calculated Alternative denominator choices are Theoretical capacity This measure of factory capacity assumes 100 efficiency 100 of the time It is analogous to the EPA milespergallon estimates that are determined for new automobiles nobody actually achieves this gas mileage in daytoday driving but the EPA estimates are useful for comparison shopping Practical capacity This measure of factory capacity reduces theoretical capacity for anticipated unavoidable operating interruptions including routine maintenance Normal capacity This denominatorlevel concept measures the level of factory activity that satisfies average customer demand over an intermediate period of time It frequently averages over seasonal or cyclical fluctuations in demand As discussed in the previous chapter Generally Accepted Accounting Principles now require companies to allocate fixed production overhead based on the normal capacity of the production facilities for external financial reporting purposes The definition of normal capacity provided here is similar in concept to the definition provided in SFAS No 151 although the definition in the pronouncement provides some latitude and encompasses a range of production levels Budgeted production This denominatorlevel concept has been introduced previously It is the level of factory activity budgeted for the upcoming period Because fixed costs by definition do not depend on the level of output the numerator in the fixed overhead rate is not expected to differ across these four denominator choices Since there is no causeandeffect relationship in the short run between the estimation of the numerator and the quantity of the allocation base in the denominator the larger the denominator the smaller the amount of fixed overhead costs that are allocated to each unit of product This situation contrasts with variable overhead In fact for variable overhead the numerator can not be estimated until the denominator is estimated For example an apparel factory can not accurately estimate electricity expense for the coming year until it predicts the amount of time the machines will run and this estimate depends on the projected level of production Hence for variable overhead the allocation base is chosen then the quantity of the allocation base is estimated and then variable overhead costs are estimated Production Incentives Many accounting writers have emphasized the effect that the allocation of fixed overhead can have on managerial incentives to overproduce When fixed overhead is allocated to product the greater the production level the lower the fixed cost per unit The lower fixed cost per unit might increase perceived profitability but is the company really more profitable The answer to this question depends on what happens to the additional inventory If the company is producing more inventory than it can sell and is consequently stockpiling finished goods inventory then clearly the company is not more profitable This situation arises in Eliyahu Goldratts business novel The Goal coauthored with Jeff Cox Factory management in the novel is so committed to maximizing output and minimizing perunit production cost that they rent a warehouse to store large quantities of excess inventory On the other hand if the factory can sell all of the goods that it produces then as production increases the factory really does become more profitable Furthermore when fixed costs are allocated to product this increased profitability is reflected in the lower perunit cost The key question then is whether managers companies or factories with incentives to overproduce can stockpile inventory without negative repercussions It would seem that in the business environment of the past several decades this risk has been overrated Excess inventory is highly visible physically and on the balance sheet both for managerial accounting and financial reporting purposes Hence while it is important for managers and management accountants to be aware that the allocation of fixed overhead can provide incentives to overproduce the risk posed by these incentives probably need not dictate the decision of whether to allocate fixed overhead for The Allocation of Fixed Overhead and Management DecisionMaking A more difficult question than perverse production incentives is whether the allocation of fixed overhead assists or hinders sourcing marketing and pricing decisions This question which can be characterized as a debate of the merits of absorption costing versus contribution margin analysis has probably generated more controversy than any other issue in management accounting Following are three views from prominent accounting faculty In the second edition of his textbook Managerial Accounting copyright 2004 James Jiambalvo Dean of the Business School at the University of Washington states that the major limitation of activitybased costing is that most companies use ABC to develop the full cost of products Chapter 6 p 208 Jiambalvo also offers only one answer to the question of why GAAP requires absorption costing that company managers may be concerned that variable cost information will prove helpful to competitors Chapter 5 p 169 It is clear from these statements and others in his textbook that Professor Jiambalvo perceives little benefit from absorption costing for managerial decisionmaking Robert Kaplan Professor at Harvard University participated in a Panel Discussion on contribution margin analysis at the Annual Meeting of the American Accounting Association Professor Kaplan who was one of the most persuasive early advocates of activitybased costing and one of the originators of the Balanced Scorecard discussed in Chapter 24 commented Interestingly many companies have resisted for the most part the attempts by academic accountants to convince them to ignore their fixed costs Most companies persist in performing full cost allocations Journal of Management Accounting Research 1990 Fall p 4 In fact surveys suggest that for internal reporting purposes approximately 50 of companies use variable costing and 50 use absorption costing In 1989 John Shank participated in the same panel discussion as Bob Kaplan Professor Shanks comments included the following I now believe at the broadest possible level that my former support for the contribution margin concept was misplaced and shortsighted I have been looking for some big successes from contribution margin analysis for 25 years and I have come up empty In fact it almost seems to be axiomatic and let me call it Shanks Axiom If the problem is small enough so that contribution margin analysis is relevant then it cant have a very big impact on a company And if the possible impact in a decision setting is major if it can really affect a company in a major way then its silly to consider most of the factors to be fixed Not only can I find no notable big successes from contribution margin concepts in the real world I can point to many examples of what I consider to be notable failures from the application of the contribution margin mindset I believe that more than one entire industry has competed itself to the brink of insolvency using contributionbased pricing Journal of Management Accounting Research 1990 Fall p 17 Professor Shank refers to the trucking and airline industries in the years following their deregulation as two examples to illustrate his point If an airplane is about to leave the gate with empty seats the marginal cost of adding additional passengers to fill those seats is almost zero a small increase in fuel consumption and a few bags of pretzels perhaps Hence an airline applying contribution margin analysis will make every effort to try to fill the plane to capacity including offering deeplydiscounted lastminute fares However it is an open question as to whether the numerous bankruptcies and nearbankruptcies that Annies Soup Company The following fictional example illustrates the general nature of the debate between contribution margin analysis and absorption costing Annies Soup Company manufactures twelve types of soup in its facility in Eureka California Each soup is produced on its own equipment in a portion of the facility dedicated exclusively to it The facility is running at 70 of capacity Annies Soup Company has traditionally reported the full cost of products for internal performance evaluation purposes allocating facilitylevel costs to each product based on machine hours Annies philosophy is to encourage product managers to set sales prices that will support the companys overall profit targets and she believes that full costing supports this objective If facilitylevel costs were not allocated then each product might show a profit yet the company as a whole could show a loss The product manager of the cream soup line has proposed a new product a cream spinach soup that would be called Annies Ultimate Spinach soup The product manager admits that initial demand for this product probably would not support a sales price that would cover the full cost of the product including an allocation of facilitylevel costs However the product manager convinces Annie that because the facility has excess capacity the new soup should be required to meet only its marginal costs unitlevel batchlevel and productlevel costs in the cost hierarchy but not facilitylevel costs At a sales price of The product managers argument persuades Annie to approve the production of Ultimate Spinach soup and to evaluate it at least initially based on a cost that excludes facilitylevel costs The following year the product manager of the tomatobased soups proposes a new tomato bisque soup She asserts that since the latest soup introduced by the cream soup manager does not have facilitylevel costs allocated to it neither should her new tomato bisque Annie agrees Three years pass The situation is now as follows The company has 14 soups Twelve soups have facilitylevel costs allocated to them two do not Is this situation acceptable and if not what should be done about it The current situation seems problematic Annie can not directly compare profitability across all 14 soups As time passes and as the date each soup was introduced becomes less salient it is increasingly difficult to view Annies Ultimate Spinach Soup and the Tomato Bisque as the marginal products In any case as discussed in Caplan Melumad and Ziv The Denim Finishing Company Issues in Accounting Education 2005 it is not at all clear that contribution margin analysis can be effectively applied by always treating the newest product as the marginal product Should Annie start allocating facilitylevel overhead to all 14 products If so there is no obvious point in time at which to initiate this allocation to the two new products Furthermore if one of the new products shows a loss when facilitylevel costs are allocated to it and if the factory still has excess capacity it is not clear that the unprofitable product should be dropped Marginal cost analysis applied to the decision of whether to drop a product is as relevant now as the initial marginal cost analysis that supported introducing the product in the first place Should Annie stop allocating facilitylevel overhead to all 14 products and convert to a variable costing approach to product profitability analysis The disadvantage of this approach is that without an allocation of facilitylevel costs each of the 14 products could generate a positive contribution margin which might be viewed positively by each of the product managers yet the company as a whole could still be unprofitable Rather full costing helps ensure that product managers attempt to set sales prices that support the companys overall profitability goals Go to the EndofChapter Exercises and Problems Go to the Next Chapter Return to the Table of Contents Management Accounting Concepts and Techniques copyright 2006 most recent update November 2010 | [
"Fixed Manufacturing"
] |
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"Frequently Asked Questions"
] |
http://dentalinsurancestore.com/buyer's-guide/insurance-for-specific-procedures/does-dental-insurance-cover-teeth-whitening | Home Buyer ' s Guide Insurance for Specific Procedures Teeth Whitening Buyer ' s Guide Buyer โ s Guide for Dental Insurance and Discount Dental Plans Teeth Whitening Insurance Teeth whitening insurance refers to dental plans that cover some of the cost of teeth whitening . This is a much sought after benefit that is included in several of Dental Insurance Store โ s plans . Browse the information below for information on how to find a dental insurance plan that covers teeth whitening . Do you carry dental insurance that covers teeth whitening ? We do . Enter your age and zip code in the Get Quote box to see a list of plans available in your area . Then use our convenient Cosmetic filter on the left of our Quote Results page to narrow the results down . Check the plan details of the remaining plans to see if teeth whitening is covered . Is teeth whitening insurance expensive ? No . Some insurance plans offered at DentalInsuranceStore . com cover cosmetic dental procedures , such as teeth whitening , as a standard benefit . Why do n ' t more carriers offer teeth whitening insurance ? Many dental insurance carriers consider teeth whitening cosmetic in that it visibly improve one ' s physical appearance . Most plans focus on coverage that keeps teeth and gums healthy , but Dental Insurance Store has plans available nationwide that offer options to brighten up those pearly whites . Should I consult a dentist about teeth whitening ? Yes . Teeth whitening does involve some risks , and a dentist can best advise you on reliable methods based on your personal needs . At DentalInsuranceStore . com , we make it easy to locate a dentist , choose a plan that covers teeth whitening and begin enjoying your benefits . | [
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http://dentistrytoday.com/products/spot-light/top-25-implant-products | Top 25 Implant Products Aseptico Top 25 Endodontic Products Top 25 Implant Products The product of 30 years of motor manufacturing experience . Show Details BioHorizons Top 25 Implant Products The Tapered Internal family of dental implants provides excellent primary stability . Show Details Dentatus USA Top 25 Implant Products Designed to complement your current implant system . Dentium USA Dentium is a premier , world - class manufacturer of high - quality dental implant systems . Dentsply Sirona Implants The Astra Tech Implant System EV is designed with a site - specific , crown - down approach based on the natural dentition . Esthetic Implant Solutions LLC Gingival Cuff Links , tooth - specific custom healing abutments for all major dental implant companies . Glidewell Laboratories Top Innovative Products From Dr . Jack Hahn , renowned implantologist and designer of the original tapered implant . HIOSSEN All ET III implants are manufactured with pure titanium metal and equipped with a sandblasted and acid - etched ( SA ) surface . Impladent Top Innovative Products OsteoGen Bone Grafting Plug offers one of the easiest and most affordable ways to deliver bone graft for socket preservation and ridge maintenance . Implant Direct InterActive is the NobelActive - compatible conical connection implant system . 1 2 3 > > > | [
"Implant Products",
"Dentistry Today"
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http://dentureliving.com/en-us/denture-care/fixodent-product-faq | Learn More Fixodent helps to protect against dentures ' 2 hidden enemies : food particles and bacteria that can lead to bad breath . Learn more Questions about zinc Learn more about our denture experts and how they can help you . Learn more Ask questions . Share tips . And connect with other denture wearers in our new - and - improved message boards . Start Exploring Get your favorite Fixodent products delivered to your doorstep . Shop now | [
"Fixodent"
] |
http://denver.cbslocal.com/2016/01/26/homeless-population-spikes-in-denver-metro-area/ | Homeless Population , Families Spike In Denver Metro Area DENVER ( CBS4 ) โ Homeless advocacy groups are counting the homeless across the U.S. and in one area of Colorado that population is spiking . Those homeless in the Denver metro area are not single men but families with children who have been squeezed out of the rapidly rising rental and housing market . Teresa Beltran waited outside an emergency shelter in Lakewood on Monday night as she guarded her family โ s belongings . Beltran is taking care of her two children , her father - in - law and his family . They have been homeless for more than a year . ( credit : CBS ) โ It hurts to see my kids โฆ I โ m sorry , I just do n โ t like my kids being in this situation , โ said Beltran . Beltran and nearly a dozen other families stayed in tents overnight in the emergency shelter . Jen Nagy has been homeless for four months . She has been on a waiting list for housing assistance for a home for herself and two children under the age of six , but it could be a year before help arrives . โ You have no clue how sad things the things we see , it โ s scary . But what do you tell them ? You ca n โ t tell them anything , โ We โ re working on something , we โ ll have a home soon , ' โ said Nagy . ( credit : CBS ) Homeless advocacy groups said these families are in this position not because of drug or addiction but because rent prices in the Denver metro area are skyrocketing . โ These shelters fill up every night , โ said Linda Barringer with the Metro Denver Homeless Initiative . โ There โ s a gentlemen here who told me he slept in a shed last night but even he knows he ca n โ t withstand the weather . โ The federal government provides Colorado more than $ 16 million to assist the rising problem of homelessness . But Barringer said it โ s not enough . When asked how much more money would make a difference , maybe double , Barringer replied , โ Yes , probably more . But double would be a great start . โ Barringer said once a family seeks emergency shelter , they have already been homeless for 15 months and that can be a gateway to other problems . | [
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http://dep.state.fl.us/evergladesforever/about/lakeo_history.htm | Office of Ecosystem Projects Home Divisions ยป Office of Ecosystem Projects The Office of Ecosystem Projects plays a key role in carrying out the largest environmental restoration project in the world โ restoring America โ s Everglades . Our office ensures effective implementation of DEP โ s policy , programmatic , technical and regulatory responsibilities under the Everglades Forever Act , the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan , the Northern Everglades and Estuaries Protection Program , and related efforts including Kissimmee River Restoration , Critical Projects Program , Herbert Hoover Dike Rehabilitation , and Modified Water Deliveries to Everglades National Park . Restoration initiatives are focused on improving water quality and restoring Meet the Director Edward C Smith - Director of Ecosystems Projects . png Edward Smith , Director , Office of Ecosystem Projects Edward Smith oversees Everglades restoration efforts for the state of Florida , which entails planning , permitting and compliance assistance for the restoration efforts , as well as working to ensure resources are available for current and future projects . Prior to his current position , he worked for the Department of Environmental Protection in the Division of Water Facilities Regulation in various roles including NPDES Stormwater Program Administrator , statewide compliance coordinator for wastewater facilities and permit writer in the power plant group . Overview of Restoration Programs To restore and protect the greater Everglades ecosystem , the Florida Legislature established the state of Florida โ s responsibilities in a series of statutes under the Florida Water Resources Act ( Chapter 373 , Florida Statutes [ F.S. ] ) . In addition to authorizing the South Florida Water Management District ( SFWMD ) to serve as local sponsor for the majority of restoration efforts , the statutes direct the roles and responsibilities of both DEP and the SFWMD for plans authorized through the Everglades Forever Act ( EFA ; 373.4592 , F.S. ) , the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Office of Ecosystem Projects Organizational Chart State Projects and Programs Everglades Forever Act and Phosphorus Criterion Northern Everglades and Lake Okeechobee South Florida Water Management District Restoration Homepage State - Federal Partnership Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan ( CERP ) Kissimmee River Restoration U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ecosystem Restoration Homepage Overview of Program Responsibilities The office ensures the state of Florida โ s interests are represented through policy and program development , which includes legislation , funding , project scheduling , and integration of priorities across the plans referenced above to ensure a holistic approach to South Florida ecosystem restoration . Staff also participates in the formulation and planning of projects to ensure they are consistent with the requirements of governing rules and statutes , and that the projects meet their restoration goals . Plan elements are complex and require a balanced approach to the protection of water and ecological resources with the often Our functions include : Coordination of policy and resources for state - led Everglades restoration efforts . Project planning and engineering support . Permitting of ecosystem restoration projects and environmental compliance . Providing technical support for legislative activities related to Everglades restoration . Management of legislative appropriations for restoration activities and funding of studies designed to investigate regional water quality issues . Providing technical support to the Office of General Counsel for litigation related to Everglades restoration . Coordinating with other department staff , state and federal agencies , industry representatives , and other groups in developing and implementing water quality , biological , and other research and monitoring programs in the Everglades Protection Area ; evaluating water quality , biological and other data from these programs . Participation in technical groups and committees , including the : Everglades Technical Oversight Committee CERP REstoration COordination & VERification ( RECOVER ) South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force Water Resources Advisory Commission Restoration Strategies Science Plan Team Reviewing and preparing technical reports on topics related to Everglades restoration , including the South Florida Environmental Report and documents distributed through the Florida State Clearinghouse . Interested in subscribing to DEP newsletters or receiving DEP updates through email ? Sign Up About DEP The Florida Department of Environmental Protection is the state โ s lead agency for environmental management and stewardship โ protecting our air , water and land . The vision of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection is to create strong community partnerships , safeguard Florida โ s natural resources and enhance its ecosystems . Learn More Links Air A - Z Index Lands Forms Parks & Rec How Do I Waste News Water Events Divisions Contact Us Contact 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Tallahassee , Florida 32399 - 3000 public . services @ dep . state . fl . us 850 - 245 - 2118 Some content on this site is saved in an alternative format . The following icons link to free Reader / Viewer software : PDF : | Word : | Excel : | [
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http://depressedpenpals.tumblr.com/ | depressed pen pals Nicole 27 DepressionanxietyBPD welsh_proud_angelhotmailcom United Kingdom English Animals Netflix colouring music film doodling Fruit depression anxiety snail mail 21 english submission 3 years ago 1 Permalink Hello from Florida USA Hello my name is Margaret I am 43 years old and looking for a pen pal who has depression anxiety or bipolar disorder I would like either email or snail mail pals I speak English and Spanish as a second language I have many hobbies I like nature walks jigsaw puzzles caring for animals learning about other cultures and languages watching documentaries movies just to name a few I am a Christian by religion but welcome pen pals of all religions I like to discuss just about any topic under the sun Please feel free to contact me any time angelwings2005livecom 3 years ago 3 Permalink To make friends Hello my name is Solutor It is an Italish name Im 34 and male I am from Europe from Hungary I have social anxiety and bipolar depression I must take medicines And I do not hear so I have low selfevaluation I would like to make friends from all world I like English language I may make mistakes sorry and I would like to write much in English Dislike a lot of people disco My email is leokari81gmailcom Write me and I hope we are writting a lot 3 years ago 1 Permalink NAME KAT FULL NAME IS KATHERINE BUT PREFER TO BE CALLED KAT AGE 24 FORM OF DEPRESSION MANIC DEPRESSION BIPOLAR EMAIL klombardi91gmailcom COUNTRY USA LANGUAGE ENGLISH INTERESTS I HAVE MANY INTEREST IM INTO WRITING POETRY I LOVE DOING ARTS AND CRAFTS READING BOOKS GOING FOR NATURE WALKS TAKING PICTURES GOING FOR SWIM GARDENING COOKING AND BAKING PLAYING WITH MY DAUGHTER RIDING ATVS ETC DISLIKES LAIRS CHEATERS ABUSERS ANYONE THAT HURTS OTHER BUT DONT CARE Cameron female not that it matters 19 I havent been officially diagnosed but I believe that if you say youre depressed you are Nobody can tell you how you feel So Im just gonna say I have depression hersheyskissesrulegmailcom just to stay private for now Snail mail is preferred USA English Disney If you dont like disney than I dont think well understand each other tbh haha I also like cats baking I was a choir geek in High School Horror fan Fandoms include Supernatural not caught up OUAT Pretty Little Liars the fosters switched at birth Harry Potter the Hunger Games theres much more Homophobes sexists people who just cant accept the change thats happening in the world as far as human rights go I dont really hate much else besides my depression I was a very happy person before this depression email snail mail 1720 english girl submission 3 years ago 5 Permalink PenPal Form name Jessica West age 19 form of depression Clinical Depression and Anxiety in the form of selfharm emailtumblr decadenceanddisordertumblrcom email or snail mail messages at first country your country not where you want a pen pal from USA language English interests Nutrition education reading music painting drawing gay rights cats tattoos piercings Catholicism and sleeping dislikes bigotry and sexism depression anxiety email snail mail 1720 english girl submission 3 years ago Permalink depressedpenpals Finding a pen pal was hard for me with being depressed and having social anxiety So I made this page for others with depression anxiety bipolar disorder etc to make friends weather that be through email or snail mail to submit click the link and enter the following information name age country form of depression anxiety etcinterest dislikes ideal pen pal and tumblr username or email via depressedpenpals 3 years ago depressedpenpals 24 Permalink Looking for Letter Writing Name Shaeleigh Age 21 Form of depression Id rather not classify it as a FORM because I believe it doesnt matter Im getting better and Im simply here to share thoughts and make people feel better just like I have started to Things come and go I get mentally drained and just push people away but itd be nice to have someone to talk to that isnt in my every day life and could just listen to me ramble Emailtumblr shaeleighbeaudry12gmailcom or wearenotourfailureswearelovetumblrcom Email or snail mail Snail Mail Country Im from CANADA English please Interests Music I love to read I binge on Netflix and using my hard drive to download shows I love Criminal Minds One Tree Hill Rookie Blue Pretty Little Liars and everything from all that kind of stuff I love to colour in my new adult colouring book I obsess on Tumblr and Pinterest over things I would like to think I could exercise and shit but Im not motivated enough to be persistent and energized Dislikes Snakes Sharks Reptileslol Seafood Kanye West Drake the cold yes I know Canada gets a lot of it and Snow Snow is pretty but YUCK depression anxiety email snail mail 21 english asl girl submission 3 years ago Permalink Name Olivia Age 21 Email livgutteridgehotmailcouk Email or snail mail Snail mail within the UK otherwise email I love animals especially cats Pretty Little Liars Greys Anatomy Suits any crimemedical related TV show Im training to be a medical lawyer running travelling and food Dislikes are the usual selfish people narrow minded people spiders and foxes I have suffered with severe social anxietygeneralised anxietydepression for 4 years which has got worse over the last 2 years after moving 2 hours away for university I would love the chance to talk to someone who understands my problems I often feel like I cant talk about it with anyone I would also like the chance to be able to give advice and support to someone else going through similar things depression anxiety email english submission 3 years ago 2 Permalink depressedpenpals Finding a pen pal was hard for me with being depressed and having social anxiety So I made this page for others with depression anxiety bipolar disorder etc to make friends weather that be through email or snail mail to submit click the link and enter the following information name age country form of depression anxiety etcinterest dislikes ideal pen pal and tumblr username or email 3 years ago depressedpenpals 24 Permalink Older About Feel free to email me athammondanthonymgmailcom SUBMIT AT httpdepressedpenpalstumblrcomsubmit | [
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http://depression.emedtv.com/prozac/prozac-and-weight-gain.html | Prozac and Weight Gain Prozac and Weight Gain : An Overview There are a number of possible side effects with Prozac ยฎ fluoxetine hydrochloride ) . Weight gain does appear to be one of them . This data comes from clinical trials where Prozac was studied extensively and side effects were documented . Side Effects and Clinical Trials Before medicines are approved , they must go through several clinical studies where thousands of people are given a particular medicine and compared to a group of people not given the medicine . In these studies , side effects are always carefully documented . This way , it is possible to see what side effects occur , how often they appear , and how they compare to the group not taking the medicine . Side effects are then usually separated into those that occur in more than 1 percent of people ( frequent side effects ) and those that occur In these studies , weight gain was reported as a frequent side effect of Prozac , occurring in more than 1 percent of people ( although the exact percentage was not reported ) . Suggestions If you are noticing weight gain with Prozac , talk to your healthcare provider . He or she will conduct a physical exam to look for other causes of weight gain , such as certain types of medical conditions . If the weight gain remains unexplained , your healthcare provider may give you some suggestions , such as eating heart - healthy foods , exercising more , and limiting your intake of alcohol . If the weight gain continues , he or she may also recommend other lifestyle changes or a possible switch to another antidepressant medication . ( Click BMI Calculator to see if your weight is within a healthy range . ) eMedTV ' s free HealthSavvy service can help you stay up - to - date on this topic . Sign up for HealthSavvy now . | [
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http://depression.emedtv.com/wellbutrin-xl/wellbutrin-xl-dosage.html | Wellbutrin XL Dosage An Introduction to Dosing With Wellbutrin XL The dose of Wellbutrin XL ยฎ bupropion XL ) that your healthcare provider prescribes will vary , depending on a number of factors , including : Your age Other medical conditions you may have Other medications you may currently be taking . As is always the case , do not adjust your Wellbutrin XL dosage unless your healthcare provider specifically tells you to do so . Wellbutrin XL Dosage for Depression The recommended starting dose of Wellbutrin XL for depression is 150 mg , taken once daily in the morning . As soon as the fourth day , your healthcare provider may increase your dosage to 300 mg once daily . To help avoid Wellbutrin seizures , the maximum recommended dosage is 450 mg of Wellbutrin XL a day . Also , your healthcare provider should increase your dose slowly . For people with liver problems ( such as liver failure or cirrhosis ) , the maximum Wellbutrin XL dosage is 100 mg , taken once daily , or 150 mg , taken every other day . Wellbutrin XL Dosage for Seasonal Affective Disorder When treating seasonal affective disorder ( SAD ) , Wellbutrin XL is taken only during the autumn and winter months . You may start with Wellbutrin XL 150 mg once daily in the morning in the autumn months before your depression symptoms start . After one week , your healthcare provider may increase your dose to Wellbutrin XL 300 mg a day . Wellbutrin XL is usually stopped in early spring . Your healthcare provider should taper your dose when stopping the medication . It should be reduced to Wellbutrin XL 150 mg once daily for two weeks before stopping the medication altogether ( see Stopping Wellbutrin XL | [
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http://depression.emedtv.com/wellbutrin/wellbutrin-sexual-side-effects.html | Wellbutrin Sexual Side Effects An Overview of Wellbutrin Sexual Side Effects Wellbutrin ยฎ bupropion hydrochloride ) may be less likely to cause sexual side effects , compared to many other antidepressant medications . Although sexual side effects of Wellbutrin are less common , they are still possible . These sexual side effects may include : Changes in sex drive Impotence erectile dysfunction , or ED Other sexual problems . Sex Drive Wellbutrin may affect the sex drive ( also known as libido ) . In previous clinical studies documenting the side effects of Wellbutrin , a decreased sex drive occurred in up to 3.1 percent of people taking Wellbutrin . However , an increased sex drive is also possible , occurring in at least 1 percent of people taking the medication ( although the exact percentage was not reported ) . Impotence Impotence is usually defined as a total inability to achieve an erection , an inconsistent ability to do so , or a tendency to sustain only brief erections . Ultimately , impotence is the repeated inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse . Impotence is also known as erectile dysfunction ( or ED for short ) . In previous studies , impotence occurred in up to 3.4 percent of men taking Wellbutrin , compared to 3.1 percent of men not taking the medication . | [
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http://depression.emedtv.com/wellbutrin/wellbutrin-uses.html | Wellbutrin Uses An Overview of Wellbutrin Uses Wellbutrin ยฎ bupropion hydrochloride ) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of depression ( also known as major depression or clinical depression ) . ( The information in this article refers specifically to short - acting , immediate - release Wellbutrin , not the longer - acting Wellbutrin SR ยฎ or Wellbutrin XL . ) Depression is more than just " feeling sad . " Some common symptoms of depression include : Changes in sleep ( sleeping too much or not enough ) Eating too much or too little ( and weight gain or weight loss ) Having little interest in things that you used to enjoy Physical pain Feeling hopeless or worthless Suicidal thoughts . In large clinical trials , Wellbutrin has been proven to help adults with depression . However , it is important to keep in mind that many antidepressants , including Wellbutrin , take several weeks to begin working . Sometimes , other people will notice an improvement in your depression symptoms before you do . Often , the physical symptoms of depression ( such as pain or changes in sleep ) will improve first , sometimes within the first few weeks of treatment . It can take several weeks before significant changes in mood occur . It is important to give Wellbutrin a chance to work before becoming discouraged . Counseling and therapy ( see Psychotherapy for Depression are often used along with antidepressant medication to treat depression . Ask your healthcare provider if counseling or therapy would be good options for you ( see Depression Treatment | [
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http://depts.washington.edu/hserv/hs-research-definitions | What is Health Services Research ? HSR Degree Options : PhD MS MPH The definition of Health Services Research is constantly evolving and has been defined differently by a number of thinkers and organizations . Among the most comprehensive definitions are those by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy . Health services research . . . examines how people get access to health care , how much care costs , and what happens to patients as a result of this care . The main goals of health services research are to identify the most effective ways to organize , manage , finance , and deliver high quality care ; reduce medical errors ; and improve patient safety . ( Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality , 2002 ) Health services research . . . is the multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors , financing systems , organizational structures and processes , health technologies , and personal behaviors affect access to health care , the quality and cost of health care , and ultimately our health and well - being . Its research domains are individuals , families , organizations , institutions , communities , and populations . ( Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy , 2000 ) is a multidisciplinary field of inquiry , both basic and applied , that examines the use , costs , quality , accessibility , delivery , organization , financing , and outcomes of health care services to increase knowledge and understanding of the structure , processes , and effects of health services for individuals and populations ( IOM , 1995 ) is concerned with problems in the organization , staffing , financing , utilization , and evaluation of health services . . [ It ] subsumes both medical care and patient care research . It could well be termed " socio - medical " research . ( Flook and Sanazaro , 1973 : 1 ) is a recognized , multidisciplinary field . . . [ with a focus on certain generic issues , such as ] the organization and financing of medical care , utilization patterns , patient and provider relations , social and behavioral epidemiology , health information systems , and monitoring and evaluation of health services . ( Marshall , 1985 : 381,382 ) is the integration of epidemiologic , sociological , economic , and other analytic sciences in the study of health services . ( Last , 1988 : 58 ) is inquiry to produce knowledge about the structure , processes , or effects of personal health services . A study is classified as health services research if it satisfies two criteria : it deals with some features of the structure , processes , or effects of personal health services ; At least one of the features is related to a conceptual framework other than that of contemporary applied biomedical science ( IOM , 1979 : 14 ) is a field of inquiry that examines the roles of organization , finance , manpower , technology , and prevention in the provision of health care services , and their impact on utilization , cost , and quality of care . The field draws on many disciplines to address this breadth of research , including biostatistics , epidemiology , health economics , medicine , nursing , operations research , psychology , and medical sociology . ( Steinwachs , 1991 : 10 ) is a field of inquiry that examines the impact of the organization , financing , and management of health care services on the delivery , quality , cost , access to , and outcomes of such services . ( Valentine , 1991 ) Health Services Research : Selected Characteristics The field of health services research presents a number of sizable challenges . . . For instance : it lacks a widely adopted standard definition or conceptual structure , in part because of its markedly multidisciplinary nature ; it is conducted in many different settings ( e.g. , academia , government , clinical health care settings ) ; it has diverse purposes ( e.g. , empirical data collection , development of research instruments and methodologies , policy and operational decision making ) ; it focuses on several different geographic levels ( e.g. , international , national , state , county ) and on broad populations as well as specific population subgroups ; it uses a particularly disparate set of theories , concepts , statistics , and devices and instruments derived from various disciplines ; and it uses a wide range of time frames for data collection and analysis ( e.g. , historical , most current , future trends ) . ( IOM , 1991 : 6 ) What is Health Services Research ? Health Services Research Components from the IOM Report , 1979 A focus on the health states of individuals or populations , or both ; review or analysis of health systems , health interventions , and the factors that influence health states ; a comprehensive set of variables involving health care techniques , practices , programs and policies ; and combination and integration of these variables in many ways , frequently emphasizing the nonbiological aspects of health and medical care ( IOM , 1991 : 8 ) Sources : Flook , E.E. and Sanazaro , P.J. Chapter 1 . Health Services Research : Origins and Milestones . In : E.E. Flook and P.J. Sanzaro , eds . Health Services Research and R&D in Perspective . Ann Arbor , MI : Health Administration Press , 1993 . Institute of Medicine . Health Services Research . Washington , D.C. : National Academy of Sciences , 1979 . Institute of Medicine . Improving Information Services for Health Services Researchers . A Report to the National Library of Medicine . 1991 . Institute of Medicine . Committee on Health Services Research : Training and Work Force Issues . Health Services Research : Workforce and Educational Issues . Washington , DC : National Academy Press , 1995 . Last , J.M. , ed . A Dictionary of Epidemiology , 2d ed . New York : Oxford University Press , 1988 . Marshall , J.E. Introduction . Medical Care , 23 : 381 - 382 , 1985 . Steinwachs , D.M. Health Services Research : Its Scope and Significance . In : P . Forman , ed . Promoting Health Services Research in Academic Health Centers . Washington , DC : Association of Academic Health Centers , 1991 . p . 23 - 72 . Valentine , W . Association for Health Services Research , Personal Communication , June 12 , 1991 . White , K.L. Health Services Research : An Anthology . Washington , DC : Pan American Health Organization , 1992 . ( Scientific Publication ; 534 ) . | [
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http://dermatology.mcw.edu/ | Welcome From the Chair Welcome to the Department of Dermatology at the Medical College of Wisconsin The department has been part of the Medical College of Wisconsin since 1946 and grew to full departmental status in 1988 The Departments activities include nationally recognized clinical educational and research programs Learn More About Us Kenneth B Gordon MD | [
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http://dermatology.med.miami.edu/cosmetic-dermatology/treatments/laser-procedures | Go back to Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery Home Treatments Cost Research News Events and Specials Appointments Location Physicians Treatments Laser Procedures Our cosmetic dermatologists offer the latest technology in laser treatments to treat a variety of cosmetic skin concerns including , redness , brown spots , large pores , uneven skin texture and wrinkles . Laser is also used to achieve permanent removal of tattoos and unwanted facial or body hair . Our expert dermatologists also use laser technology for various medical conditions including acne , rosacea , birthmarks , scars , warts and nail fungus . Your dermatologist will determine which laser treatment is best suited for your specific concerns and skin type , to achieve the best cosmetic results . Pre - treatment preparation , anesthesia and recovery time will vary depending on the treatment performed . For more information , please schedule an appointment with a board - certified dermatologist at UHealth . | [
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http://derryborough.org/ | Welcome to Derry Borough Announcements For Derry Borough Residents 2018 Gas Well Usage Report Derry Business Park โ Sites Available NOTICE ZONING HEARING BOARD MEMBERS NEEDED Derry Borough Council is accepting letters of interest for three vacancies on the Zoning Hearing Board . The Zoning Hearing Board hears appeals on any zoning concerns or applications and supports an important function of the Borough administration . See attached for more information Residential Zoning Information Derry Borough is regulated by zoning ordinances and other ordinances that set forth standards , procedures and requirements for building , reconstruction , and use of all buildings within the Borough . Derry Borough also is regulated by the Uniform Construction Code . At times for new construction you will need two permits , both Zoning and Building Permits . Our Borough codes govern the use of all land and buildings . Currently a third party provider ( Building Inspection Underwriters ) enforce building codes , review all applications , and perform inspections , while reviewing our borough violations . All residents are required by Ordinance to have their street numbers posted and visible from the street for emergency personnel to be able to identify your residence . ( Ord . 683 ) Residents are to have rain water separated from the sanitary sewer by utilizing down spouts . ( Ord . 758 ) Home owners are responsible for the care and maintenance of trees and shrubs which are located on their property and those which abut their property . It is important to keep trees or shrubs maintained that can affect the line of sight for vehicular traffic . Parking or storing of commercial vehicles , including tractor trailers , construction trucks , is prohibited on residential streets . ( Ord . 725 ) Swimming pools , above or in - ground must be issued a building and zoning permit . ( Ord . 725 ) Accessory structures such as storage sheds , pools , garages and fences require a building and zoning permit . Maintenance items such as new roof shingles new windows , replacing anything existing does not require a zoning permit . Permits are required for all new construction and any changes structurally to your current residence . ( Ord . 725 ) Weeds and grass must not exceed a height of eight inches . Yards must not be cluttered or littered with rubble , trash , appliances , unused furniture , building materials , etc . ( Ord . 729 ) Care should be taken to avoid driving over curbs , planting strips and sidewalks , causing damage to the right - of - way with a vehicle . All sidewalk maintenance is the property owner โ s responsibility . ( Ord . 305 ) Property owner shall not discharge grass clippings onto a street or alley . Grass clippings may clog storm sewer lines . ( Ord . 758 ) Sidewalk clearing is required within 24hrs of snowfall for pedestrian travel throughout the Borough ( Ord . 459 ) Please see our Zoning Page for more information . Part - time Police Officers The Borough of Derry will accept applications for Part - time Police Officers Flexibility is essential and weekends a must . Act 120 and experience preferred . Applications may be obtained and accepted at the Derry Borough Office , 114 East Second Avenue , Derry PA 15627 from 8AM - 4PM , Monday - Friday . Pollutant Reduction Plan Derry Community Park Project Drawings Best Management Practices for Storm Water in Derry Borough Derry Borough Council and the Public Works Department is asking all residents to refrain from putting your grass clippings on the street . The reason is to assist with our sediment control of our storm drains as a Best Management Practice to eliminate clogging of our storm drainage system . Recently , we had our streets swept in a cooperative shared service agreement with the City of Latrobe and found that almost 50 % of collections were grass clippings . Please know that it is against Derry Code to dispose of any solid waste in our streets due to stormwater 2016 Unconventional Gas Well Fund Usage Report Reimagining Our Westmoreland Westmoreland County is in the process of establishing a new long term vision and community plan for our area by engaging citizens , businesses , and civic leaders to partner together to create a prosperous and viable county . Please take the time to review their site and get involved . http : / / www . hlplanning . com / portals / westmoreland / Recent Grant Awards for Derry Borough Derry Community Park Improvements East Owens Avenue Extension Flood Plain Management and Insurance Requirements The flood plain map of Derry Borough can be viewed by the following link : https : / / msc . fema . gov / portal / Derry Borough Floodplain Management Ordinance 736 Appeal Information โ The Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) recently re - mapped most of the country using 100 - year flood projections , resulting in many homes being designated in flood zones which were never there before , despite many of these homes never or rarely having experienced flooding , โ Commissioner Miller said . โ If the mortgage on a home is backed by the federal government , which many are , then the homeowner must buy flood insurance . โ To appeal a home โ s placement in what is officially called a Special Flood Hazard Area , the homeowner must show the lowest adjacent grade , or the lowest ground touching the structure , is at or above what is called the Base Flood Elevation . The Base Flood Elevation is the computed elevation to which flood water is anticipated to rise during the base flood used in determining the land is in a Special Flood Hazard Area . Commissioner Miller noted that it is the homeowner โ s responsibility to provide this information in a letter to FEMA . For this type of appeal , called a Letter of Map Amendment , there is no charge to the consumer . Homeowners can get more information on how to appeal a flood zone designation , get a flood map , and find answers to other questions , by going to https : / / www . fema . gov / information - homeowners . Homeowners can also call 1 - 877 - FEMA - MAP ( 1 - 877 - 336 - 2627 ) to get information on appealing a flood zone designation . As part of Governor Wolf โ s continuing consumer education and protection initiative , the Insurance Department earlier this year created a one - stop shop webpage on flood insurance . Consumers can access this webpage by going to www . insurance . pa . gov , then clicking on the โ Flood โ icon under Top Pages . This flood insurance webpage includes information on private insurance options for homeowners , as well as information on the federal government run National Flood Insurance Program ( NFIP ) . HARRISBURG , Pa . , April 4 , 2016 / PRNewswire - USNewswire Derry Station Parks and Heritage Trails Community Design Workshop Homeowners Stormwater Management Guide Redevelopment Plan | [
"Derry Borough",
"Federal Emergency Management Agency"
] |
http://des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/was/salt-reduction-initiative/impacts.htm | Divisions > Water Division > Programs / Bureaus / Units Road Salt Reduction > Environmental , Health and Economic Impacts of Road Salt Water Quality Impacts Human Health Impacts Pet Impacts Wildlife Impacts Aquatic Life Impacts Vegetation Impacts Soil Impacts Infrastructure Impacts NH Groundwater Impacts Overview New Hampshire winters demand an effective and affordable means of de - icing roadways . The primary agent used for this purpose is sodium chloride ( road salt ) , which is composed of 40 percent sodium ions ( Na+ ) and 60 percent chloride ions ( Cl - ) . Other components in salt like ferrocyanide , which is used for anti - caking , and impurities like phosphorus and iron , can represent up to 5 percent of the total weight . The sodium , chloride , ferrocyanide and impurities make their way into our environment through the Chloride ( Cl - ) is completely soluble and very mobile . Chloride is toxic to aquatic life and impacts vegetation and wildlife . There is no natural process by which chlorides are broken down , metabolized , taken up , or removed from the environment . In 2008 , New Hampshire listed 19 water bodies impaired by chloride ; in 2010 that number increased to 40 . Trends show that chloride levels continue to rise with increasing use of road salt . The transport of sodium ( Na+ ) in the environment is not as prominent as chloride due to ion exchange ; however , this exchange can alter the soil chemistry by replacing and releasing nutrients into the groundwater and surface water changing soil structure and impacting the aquatic environment . Contamination of sodium in drinking water is a concern for individuals restricted to low - sodium diets due to hypertension ( high blood pressure ) . Wildlife is also prone to high sodium levels by ingesting salt or drinking water runoff from snow and ice melt . Additives to road salt like ferrocyanide , which is used as an anti - caking compound in large salt supplies , can have impacts on both the environment and human health due to cyanide ions being released by certain types of bacteria as well as from exposure to sunlight . The USEPA in 2003 added this compound to its list of toxic pollutants under section 307 ( a ) of the Clean Water Act . Other potential components and impurities of road salt can include calcium , potassium , iron , magnesium , aluminum , lead , phosphorus , manganese Water Quality Impacts Contaminates from road salt enter water resources by infiltration to groundwater , runoff to surface water and through stormdrains . The chloride discharged into these waters remains in solution and is not subject to any significant natural removal methods ; only dilution can reduce its concentration . During winter and spring and during times of low flow in the summer and fall , chloride levels can exceed 800mg / L , while natural background levels fall within the range of 1 - 10mg / L . The accumulation and persistence of chloride poses a risk to the water quality and Water contaminated with NaCl creates a higher water density and will settle at the deepest part of the water body where current velocities are low such as in ponds and lakes . This can lead to a chemical stratification which can impede turnover and mixing , preventing the dissolved oxygen within the upper layers of the water from reaching the bottom layers and nutrients within the bottom layers from reaching the top layers . This leads to the bottom layer of the water body becoming void of oxygen and unable to support aquatic life . The concentration of chloride found in surface water correlates with the proportion of impervious surfaces in the watershed . Chloride can not be treated or filtered with BMPs , so once salt is applied , chloride remains in the watershed until it is flushed downstream . Given that groundwater residence time is so much longer , contaminated wells often must be replaced . The following table summarizes various water quality standards and guidelines with respect to human health , wildlife , aquatic species , and vegetation . Note that the human health standards are based on drinking water at the tap while the other standards and guidelines are for surface waters . Table 1 Summary of NaCl , Sodium and Chloride Guidelines Na+ ( mg / L ) Cl - ( mg / L ) NaCl ( mg / L ) Comments Human health 20 250 EPA drinking water quality standards Wildlife 600 1000 Nagpal et al ( 2003 ) 1 Aquatic organisms 860 โ 1 - hour average 230 โ 4 - day average NHDES water quality standard Terrestrial and emergent plants 300 800 Groundwater source 2 Aquatic plants 200 โ 36,400 USEPA , 1988 3 Additional information regarding the impacts of road salt Human Health Impacts Sodium in drinking water is a health concern for individuals restricted to low - sodium diets due to hypertension ( high blood pressure ) . Therefore , the US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) now requires drinking water to be monitored for sodium and public water suppliers to report to local health authorities any concentration above 20 mg sodium per liter of water ( 20mg / l ) 4 . Chloride is not toxic to human health at low levels but does pose taste and odor issues at concentrations exceeding 250 mg / l . In New Hampshire from 1983 to 2003 the NHDOT replaced more than 424 private wells contaminated by road salt at a cost of $ 3.2 million . Several public water supply wells have also been abandoned due to contamination . Additional information on the New Hampshire Well Replacement Program Pet Impacts The two most important concerns for pet owners regarding road salt are ingestion and paw health . According to the ASPCA โ s Animal Poison Control Center , ingestion of road salt by eating salt directly , licking salty paws , and by drinking snow melt and runoff โ can potentially produce effects such as drooling , vomiting , diarrhea , loss of appetite , volcalizing / crying , excessive thirst , depression , weakness , low blood pressure , disorientation , decreased muscle function and in severe cases , cardiac abnormalities , seizure , coma , and even death Wildlife Impacts Road salt in the environment affects the health of wildlife , including birds and mammals . Birds , the most sensitive wildlife species to salt , often mistake road salt crystals for seeds or grit . Consumption of very small amounts of salt can result in toxicosis and death within the bird population . Wildlife such as deer and moose are also attracted to the roadway to ingest salt crystals , which leads to higher incidents of vehicular accidents and wildlife kills . Particularly high concentrations of sodium and chloride can be found in snow melt , which many animals Additional information Aquatic Life Impacts Chloride in surface waters can be toxic to many forms of aquatic life . Aquatic species of concern include fish , macroinvertebrates , insects , and amphibians . Elevated chloride levels can threaten the health of food sources and pose a risk to species survival , growth , and / or reproduction . Chloride toxicity increases when it is associated with other cations , such as potassium or magnesium , which may occur once the ions of road salt have dissolved and migrated at potentially different rates . Salinity stress on sensitive aquatic communities can impact species diversity . The For additional information regarding toxicological impacts please refer to Hazard Identification for Human and Ecological Effects of Sodium Chloride Road Salt on RebuildingI93 . com and EPA ' s Office of Water Science & Technology Vegetation Impacts The most visible impact of road salt on our environment is in the grass , shrubs , and foliage along the roadside . Not only does salt effect the terrestrial roadside vegetation it also has an impact on emergent and submerged aquatic plants . Salt leaves the road and enters the environment by splash and spray from vehicles , transportation by wind , snow melt into the soil and as runoff to surface waters . Salt primarily causes dehydration which leads to foliage damage but also causes osmotic stress that harms root growth . Salt can disrupt nutrient uptake and additional information . PennState cooperative extension also provides a list of trees , shrubs , groundcover , and perennials that are salt tolerate Soil Impacts Salt influences the chemistry of the soil in which it infiltrates . Through ion exchange the Na ion stays within the soil and releases other ions such as Calcium , Magnesium , and Potassium into the groundwater as well as increasing metal mobilization . This causes depletion in the soil as well as changes the soil permeability causing the soil to become impervious which blocks water infiltration , reduces soil stability , and decreases the soil pH and overall fertility . Salt can have impacts on soil biota , soil welling and crusting , soil electrical conductivity , soil osmotic Infrastructure Impacts Chloride ions increase the conductivity of water and accelerate corrosion . Chloride can penetrate and deteriorate concrete on bridge decking and parking garage structures , and damage reinforcing rods , compromising structural integrity . It damages vehicle parts such as brake linings , frames , bumpers , and other areas of body corrosion . It impacts railroad crossing warning equipment and power line utilities by conducting electrical current leaks across the insulator that may lead to loss of current , shorting of transmission lines , and wooden pole fires . The cost of corrosion damage and corrosion protection practices for 5 1 Napgal , N.K. , D . A . Levy , and D.D MacDonald . Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chloride , 2003 . 2 NH Department of Environmental Services , Hazard Identification for Human and Ecological Effects of Sodium Chloride Road Salt , 2007 3 USEPA Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Chloride . EPA 440 / 5 - 88 - 001 , 1988 USEPA Drinking Water Advisory : Consumer Acceptability Advice and Health Effects Analysis on Sodium , EPA - 822 - R - 03 - 006 , 2003a . 5 City of Madison Wisconsin , Report to The Salt Use Subcommittee for the Commission on the Environment , 2006 Adobe Acrobat Reader format . Download a free reader from Adobe Powered by Translate | [
"Road Salt",
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"de-icing"
] |
http://descendants.wikia.com/wiki/Jafar | in : Characters Male Characters Villains and 3 more Jafar View source Comments ( 27 ) Share Jafar Biographical information Home Isle of the Lost Jafar ' s Junk Shop Profession The Sultan ' s Royal Vizier ( formerly ) Sorcerer ( formerly ) Ruler of Agrabah ( formerly ) Genie ( formerly ) Shop Owner Personal information Personality Cunning , suave , cruel , evil , dark , mysterious , conceited , snobby , selfish , power - hungry , vindictive , plucky , greedy , psychotic , insane , dramatic , shadowy , sneaky , persuasive , classy , cynical , vain , deceptive , impatient , smooth - talking , dishonest , gradually pompous , hateful Allies Maleficent The Evil Queen Cruella De Vil Iago Hades Enemies Aladdin Jasmine Genie Magic Carpet Sultan King Beast Belle Fairy Godmother Hercules Rajah Family Jay ( son ) Nasira ( sister ) Jade ( Niece ) Minions Iago Powers and Abilities Alchemy ( initially ) Magician tricks ( initially ) Divination ( initially ; amateur ) Vast sorcery abilities Minor darkness control Genie powers Appearance information Movies Aladdin Descendants Cartoons Descendants : Wicked World ( mentioned ) Portrayers Live - action Maz Jobrani Relevant Pages GALLERY QUOTES RELATIONSHIPS His painting in the Museum is one of the main characters of the Disney Channel Original Movie , Descendants . He is one of the villains and he is also the father of Jay . He is a secondary antagonist in , but he is the main antagonist Disney ' s 1992 animated feature film , Jafar is portrayed by Maz Jobrani Contents show Before the Isle of the Lost Jafar is the Grand Vizier of Agrabah , the Sultan ' s most trusted advisor and is also an evil sorcerer . Jafar secretly plots to possess the Genie ' s magical oil lamp and wish to be the ruler of Agrabah . Early in the film , Aladdin is imprisoned in the palace dungeons , as arranged by Jafar using his influence over the guards . Jafar ( disguised as a fellow prisoner ) approaches him , striking a deal with Aladdin . In exchange for Aladdin ' s help in retrieving the lamp from the Cave of Wonders History 20 years after being imprisoned on the Isle of the Lost , Jafar has taken to making a living as a shopkeeper . Jafar has Jay steal from the other residents to keep the store stocked . When Jafar notices that one of the stolen objects is a lamp Jay had brought him , he eagerly and excitedly tries to rub it ; hoping for it to be a magic one in which he can supposedly get three wishes from a genie again but when his son tells him that he already tried that himself and it did n ' Personality Jafar was portrayed as an amoral psychopath who ' ll not hesitate to destroy anyone he perceives as a threat to his own sinister designs . Like numerous clinically - diagnosed psychopaths , Jafar wears a metaphorical mask of normalcy throughout the film , establishing himself as a cool - headed schemer and gaining the trust of those around him , despite his rather untrustworthy physical appearance . Even with this mask , Jafar ' s psychopathic tendencies tend to seep through and become apparent to the viewer , particularly in the opening sequence , where Jafar , outside of The Return of Jafar , Jafar , outside of using loopholes to bypass the ban on Genies killing people via having Abis Mal arrange Aladdin ' s murder for him or using the environment to have death become an inevitability during the final battle , was proven to not mind the Genies ca n ' t kill rule because " you ' d be surprised at what you can live through , " implying that he could torture people to the fullest extent without killing them . Jafar also displays narcissistic tendencies , his most obvious ones being his obsessive desire for power and Trivia In The Isle of the Lost map , it ' s revealed that Jafar lives near the evil Shan Yu , who lives near Captain Hook ' s abandoned ship , The Jolly Roger Jafar ' s crimes were To overthrow The Sultan Grand Theft ( Genie ) Attempted Murder ( Aladdin , Jasmine ) False Imprisonment ( Aladdin ) Manipulation ( The Genie ) Animal Transformation ( Abu , Rajah ) Even though in many posters and advertisement , we see Jafar in his Agrabah uniform , he is only in the uniform during Museum of Cultural History scene and during , " Evil Like Me " . Jafar was voiced by Jonathan Freeman in his original debut , the original Aladdin Movie . He is the second Disney Villain to ride a horse , the first being Gaston , the third Claude Frollo , the fourth Shan Yu , the fifth Hans . He is the only Villain to be kissed by a protagonist ( Jasmine ) . In , it ' s revealed whenever ' s name is mentioned , Jafar gets mad over it . He and Governor Ratcliffe are the only Disney Villains not to die during the Disney Renaissance Era ( The Return of Jafar does n ' t count in The Auradon Timeline ) . He is the third Disney Villain to turn into an animal . The first was Maleficent , the second was Madam Mim , the fourth and fifth were Pain and Panic , and the sixth was Yzma v e d Main Characters Mal Evie Carlos De Vil Ben Audrey Lonnie Jane Chad Charming Doug Other Characters Belle Beast Fairy Godmother Snow White Queen Leah Evil Queen Cruella De Vil Coach Jenkins Mr . Deley Dude School of Secrets Anxelin Deleted Characters Aziz References Categories Characters Male Characters Villains Isle of the Lost Characters Return to the Isle of the Lost Characters Descendants Characters | [
"Jafar",
"Disney Channel",
"Aladdin"
] |
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