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<b><u>July Revolution</u></b> [or <b><u>July Days</u></b>; accept <b><u>Three Glorious Days</u></b> until “Three” is read; accept French<b><u> Revolution of 1830</u></b>; reject “French Revolution”] (Charles Philipon founded <em>La Caricature</em> and <em>Le Charivari</em>.)
<b><u>Kilwa</u></b> Sultanate [accept <b><u><em>Kilwa</u></b> Chronicle</em>]
bacterial <b><u>endospore</u></b>s [prompt on <u>spore</u>s]
stellar <b><u>corona</b></u> [prompt on the <u>Sun</u> until read; prompt on stellar <u>atmosphere</u>]
José Garcia <b><u>Villa</u></b>&nbsp;(“VEE-yah”)
Nikolai <b><u>Leskov</u></b> (The novella is <em>Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District</em>.)
<b><u>pacifism</u></b> [or <b><u>peace</u></b>; or world <b><u>peace</u></b>; or international <b><u>peace</u></b>; or <b><u>anti-war</u></b>; or <b><u>war resistance</u></b>; accept <b><u>opposition to World War I</u></b> or <b><u>opposition to World War II</u></b>; accept <b><u>conscientious objection</u></b> or being a <b><u>conscientious objector</u></b> until read; accept <b><u>opposing</u></b> the <b><u>draft</u></b>; accept Women’s <b><u>Peace</u></b> Party; accept <b><u>Peace</u></b> Ship; accept Carnegie Endowment for International <b><u>Peace</u></b>; prompt on <u>world government</u> or <u>internationalism</u>; prompt on <u>isolationism</u>] (Devere Allen’s “Declaration of Principles” argued that the Socialist Party of America should take a pacifist stance. Randolph Bourne’s essay featured the phrase “War is the Health of the State.”)
<b><u>air quality</b></u> [prompt on descriptions of how <u>clean</u> the <u>air</u> is or how <u>breathable</u> the <u>air</u> is; reject “air pollution”] (The 0-to-500 scale is the US’s Air Quality Index, or AQI.)
<b><u>Mjölnir</b></u>
<b><u>Tanzimat</u></b> reforms [or <b><u>Reorganization</u></b> period]
<b><u>snow</b></u> [accept “Stopping By Woods on a <b><u>Snow</b></u>y Evening” or “The <b><u>Snow</b></u> Man” or “Dust of <b><u>Snow</b></u>”; prompt on “<u>wood</u>s” or “<u>dust</u>” with “what other substance is in the title of the poem?”]
<b><u>popular sovereignty</b></u>
orbital <b><u>eccentricity</b></u> [accept <b><u>eccentricity</b></u> vector] (The second sentence refers to the Kozai–Lidov mechanism.)
<b><u>asymptotic</u></b> [accept <b><u>asymptotic</u></b> freedom or <b><u>asymptotically</u></b> free; accept <b><u>asymptotic</u></b> safety or <b><u>asymptotically</u></b> safe; prompt on <u>nonperturbative</u> renormalizability or <u>nonperturbatively</u> renormalizable until “perturbatively” is read]
Tosio <b><u>Kato</u></b> [accept <b><u>Kato</u></b>–Rellich theorem or <b><u>Kato</u></b>’s cusp condition or <b><u>Kato</u></b>’s theorem]
<b><u>oxidation</b></u>s [or word forms like <b><u>oxidize</b></u> or <b><u>oxidizing</b></u>; accept catalytic <b><u>oxidation</b></u>s; accept mono<b><u>oxygenation</b></u>; accept <b><u>hydroxylation</b></u>; accept <b><u>peroxidation</b></u>; accept <b><u>dehydrogenation</b></u>; prompt on <u>redox</u> or <u>reduction-oxidation</u> reactions by asking “what type of reaction produces the desired product?”; prompt on C-H <u>activation</u> or carbon-hydrogen <u>activation</u> until “activated” is read by asking “what is the general class of reaction?”; reject “dehydration,” “reduction,” “hydrogenation,” or “combustion”]
<b><u>Thessalonica</b></u> [or <b><u>Thessaloniki</b></u>; or <b><u>Saloniki</b></u>; or <b><u>Salonica</b></u>; accept Massacre of <b><u>Thessalonica</b></u>; accept Edict of <b><u>Thessalonica</b></u>]
<b><u>encore</b></u>s [accept <b><u><em>Encore</b></u> for Cello and Piano</em>]
<em>Il <b><u>Canzoniere</em></u></b> (“eel kant-zone-YAY-ray”) [or <em>The <b><u>Songbook</em></u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Rerum vulgarium fragmenta</em></u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Rime Sparse</em></u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Scattered Rhymes</em></u></b> until “scattered” is read]
<b><u>Virgil</u></b> [or Publius <b><u>Vergil</u></b>ius Maro]
<b><u>guard</b></u> cells
<b><u>Büchner</u></b> family
<b><u>Ahriman</u></b> [or <b><u>Angra Mainyu</u></b>]
king’s <b><u>horseman</b></u> [or <b><u>ẹlẹ́ṣin</b></u> ọba or <b><u>ẹlẹ́ṣin</b></u> aláàfin; accept olorì <b><u>ẹlẹ́ṣin</b></u>; accept <em>Death and the King’s <b><u>Horseman</b></u></em> or <em>Ikú <b><u>olókùn-ẹṣin</b></u></em>] (The Ladipo play is <em>Ọbá Wàjà</em>.)
Jan <b><u>Steen</u></b>&nbsp;(“stain”)
David <b><u>Popper</b></u>
<b><u>Pierrot</u></b> (“p’yeh-ROH”) [accept <b><u><em>Pierrot</u></b> lunaire</em>]
<b><u>Haitian Revolution</u></b> [or <b><u>Haitian Revolt</u></b>; or <b><u>Révolution haïtienne</u></b>]
<b><u>Puritan</u></b>s [accept <b><u>Puritan</u></b> Conquistadors; prompt on <u>Protestant</u>s, <u>Calvinist</u>s, <u>Christian</u>s, <u>nonconformist</u>s, or <u>separatist</u>s]
Stephen <b><u>Dedalus</u></b> [or <b><u>Stephen</u></b> Dedalus]
<b><u>Borneo</b></u> [accept <b><u>Kalimantan</b></u>; accept <b><u>Borneo</b></u> confrontation]
<b><u>suspicion</u></b> [or <b><u><em>soupçon</em></u></b>; accept hermeneutics of <b><u>suspicion</u></b>; accept <em>herméneutique du <b><u>soupçon</em></u></b>; accept masters of <b><u>suspicion</u></b>; accept <em>maîtres du <b><u>soupçon</em></u></b>]
Henry <b><u>Avery</u></b> [or Henry <b><u>Every</u></b>; accept Jack <b><u>Avery</u></b>, John <b><u>Avery</u></b>, Benjamin <b><u>Bridgeman</u></b>, or <b><u>Long Ben</u></b>] (The book is <em>The Pirate King: The Strange Adventures of Henry Avery and the Birth of the Golden Age of Piracy</em>.)
<em>The</em> <b><u><em>Social Contract</em></u></b> [or <em>On the</em> <b><u><em>Social Contract</u></b>; or, Principles of Political Right</em>; or <em>Du</em> <b><u><em>contrat social</u></b>; ou, Principes du droit politique</em>]
<b><u>Afrikaner</u></b>s [or <b><u>Africaander</u></b>s; accept <b><u>Boer</u></b>s; accept <b><u>Afrikaner</u></b> Calvinism or <b><u>Afrikaner</u></b> Broederbond; prompt on <u>Dutch</u>, <u>Nederland</u>ers, free <u>burgher</u>s, or <u>Huguenot</u>s; prompt on White <u>South African</u>s or Wit <u>Suid-Afrikaner</u>s] (The first sentence refers to David Bosch. The third sentence refers to “Siener” van Rensburg.)
<b><u>red</u></b> [accept <b><u><em>krasnyy</em></u></b> or <b><u><em>krasnaya</em></u></b> or <b><u><em>krasnoye</em></u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Red</u></b> Furniture or <b><u>Krasnaya</u></b> mebel’</em>; accept <em>Bathing of a <b><u>Red</u></b> Horse</em> or <em>Kupaniye <b><u>krasnovo</u></b> konya</em>; accept <em>Eight <b><u>Red</u></b> Rectangles</em> or <em>Vosem’ <b><u>krasnykh</u></b> pryamougol’nikov</em>; prompt on <u><em>Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge</em></u> by asking “Which of those colors is your answer?”] (The second clue is about Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin’s <em>Bathing of a Red Horse</em>, and the third is about Boris Kustodiev’s <em>The Bolshevik</em>.)
<b><u>linkage</u></b>s
<b><u>Tartus</u></b> Governorate [or <b><u>Tartous</u></b> Governorate]
<b><u><em>Pentagon Papers</b></u></em> [or <b><u><em>Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force</b></u></em>] (The “11 words” made up the only phrase set to be redacted from the public release of the <em>Pentagon Papers </em>in 2011, so when the full public release had no redacted material, Prados attempted to determine what that phrase would have been.)
<b><u>Tlaxcala</u></b> (“tlosh-KAH-lah”) [or <b><u>Tlaxcallān</u></b>; or Confederacy of <b><u>Tlaxcala</u></b> or Tlahtōlōyān <b><u>Tlaxcallan</u></b>; accept <b><u>Tlaxcaltec</u></b>s or <b><u>Tlaxcaltecatl</u></b> or <b><u>Tlaxcalteca</u></b>; accept Free and Sovereign State of <b><u>Tlaxcala</u></b> or Estado Libre y Soberano de <b><u>Tlaxcala</u></b>; accept <b><u><em>Tlaxcalan</u></b> Actas</em>, <em>History of <b><u>Tlaxcala</em></u></b>, <em>Historia de <b><u>Tlaxcala</em></u></b>, or Lienzo de <b><u>Tlaxcala</u></b>; prompt on <u>New Spain</u>, <u>Nueva España</u>, Viceroyalty of <u>New Spain</u>, or Virreinato de <u>Nueva España</u>] (Francisco Cervantes de Salazar wrote the <em>Crónica de Nueva España</em>.)
<b><u>arthritis</u></b> [accept osteo<b><u>arthritis</u></b> or rheumatoid <b><u>arthritis</u></b>]
<b><u>plague</u></b> of <b><u>Justinian</u></b> [or <b><u>Justinian</u></b>ic <b><u>plague</u></b> or <b><u>JP</u></b>; accept <b><u>first</u></b> plague <b><u>pandemic</u></b> or <b><u>early medieval pandemic</u></b>; accept <b><u>pandemic</u></b> of <b><u>541</u></b>–750 or other dates in the <b><u>540</u></b>s until “541” is read; prompt on bubonic <u>plague</u>, <u>pestilence</u>, <u>pandemic</u>, <u>epidemic</u>, <u>disease</u>, <u>outbreak</u>, <u>contagion</u>, or equivalents; reject “Black Death” or “second plague pandemic”]
<b><u>yeast genome</u></b> [accept <b><u><em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> genome</u></b>; or<b><u><em> S. cerevisiae</em> genome</u></b>; prompt on <u>Sc2.0</u> or <u>yeast 2.0</u>; prompt on the <u>genome</u>, <u>DNA</u>, or <u>chromosomes</u> by asking “of what organism?”]
<b><u>income</b></u> [or <b><u>wealth</b></u>; accept the <b><u>income</b></u> effect; accept <b><u>income</b></u> per capita or <b><u>income</b></u> share; accept <b><u>income</b></u> inequality; prompt on <u>inequality</u> by asking “what is that inequality measuring?”; prompt on <u>Gini</u> coefficient by asking “what quantity does that measure?”]
<b><u>intersectional</u></b>ity
<b><u>fallacy</u></b> [or <b><u>fallacies</u></b>; accept “No true Scotsman” <b><u>fallacy</u></b>; accept “begging the question” <b><u>fallacy</u></b>; accept <em>ad hominem</em> <b><u>fallacy</u></b>; accept logical <b><u>fallacy</u></b>; accept formal <b><u>fallacy</u></b>; accept informal <b><u>fallacy</u></b>]
Ella <b><u>Fitzgerald</b></u> [or Ella Jane <b><u>Fitzgerald</b></u>]
<b><u>semiotic</u></b>s [accept bio<b><u>semiotic</u></b>s or <b><u>semiosphere</u></b>]
Umberto <b><u>Eco</b></u>
<b><u>accusation in a mirror</u></b> [or <b><u><em>accusation en miroir</em></u></b>]
Kiran <b><u>Desai</u></b> [reject “Anita Desai”]
<b><u>Dance</u></b> of <b><u>Death</u></b> [or <b><u><em>Danse macabre</em></u></b>; or <b><u><em>Totentanz</em></u></b>; prompt on <u>memento mori</u> by asking “what motif illustrating that basic idea?”]
<b><u>butch</b></u>
<b><u><em>EPIC</u></b>: The Musical</em>
<b><u><em>Psycho</em></u></b> [accept <em>Transitional Object (<b><u>Psycho</u></b>Barn)</em> or <em>24 Hour <b><u>Psycho</em></u></b>]
<b><u>accumulation</u></b> of capital [accept <em>The <b><u>Accumulation</u></b> of Capital</em>; prompt on <u>gaining capital</u> by asking “what is the specific term for that?”; reject “gaining wealth”]
West <b><u>Frisian</u></b> [or <b><u>Fries</u></b>; or <b><u>Frysk</u></b>]
<b><u>tribune</b></u> of the <b><u>plebes</b></u> [or <b><u>plebeian tribune</b></u>s; accept <b><u>tribune of the people</b></u>; prompt on <u>tribune</u>]
Donald <b><u>Davidson</b></u>
<b><u>ship</u></b>s [or <b><u>boat</u></b>s; or <b><u>raft</u></b>s; or <b><u>barque</u></b>s; or <b><u>barge</u></b>s]
<b><u><em>Wehrmacht</em></u></b> (“VARE-mockt”) [or the <b><u>German military</u></b>; accept specific branches like the <b><u>German Army</u></b>, <b><u>Germany Navy</u></b>, <b><u>German Air Force</u></b>, <b><u><em>Luftwaffe</em></u></b>, or <b><u><em>Kriegsmarine</em></u></b>; prompt on <u>Nazi</u> Party or <u>NSDAP</u>; reject “SS” or “Schutzstaffel”] (The second clue refers to Werner von Blomberg.)
<b><u>Chile</u></b> [or Republic of <b><u>Chile</u></b>; or República de <b><u>Chile</u></b>]
<b><u>conscription</b></u> in the <b><u>Confederate</b></u> States of America [accept the <b><u>draft</b></u> in place of “conscription”; accept the <b><u>Confederacy</b></u>, <b><u>CSA</b></u>, <b><u>South</b></u>ern, or the government of Jefferson <b><u>Davis</b></u> in place of “Confederate”; prompt on <u>conscription</u> or the <u>draft</u> alone by asking “under what government?”; reject “US conscription,” “American conscription,” “Union conscription,” or other answers that suggest conscription in the North]
<b><u>Friedel–Crafts</u></b> reactions [accept <b><u>Friedel–Crafts</u></b> alkylation or <b><u>Friedel–Crafts</u></b> acylation]
<b><u>bog</u></b>s [accept <b><u>peat</u></b> bogs, <b><u>peat</u></b>lands, raised <b><u>bog</u></b>s, quag<b><u>mire</u></b>s, floating <b><u>mat</u></b>s, <b><u>moss</u></b> bogs, or <b><u>sphagnum</u></b> bogs; accept <b><u>moor</u></b>s or <b><u>fen</u></b>s; accept <b><u>bog</u></b> bodies, <b><u>bog</u></b> people, <b><u>bog</u></b> butter, or <b><u>bog</u></b> iron; accept Borre<b><u>mose</u></b> until read; prompt on <u>wetland</u>s until read; prompt on <u>lake</u>s, <u>pond</u>s, bodies of <u>water</u>, or equivalents of any by asking “what specific type of environment?”; reject “marshes” or “swamps”] (The first line refers to a staff from Järvensuo, Finland.)
<b><u>Cicero</u></b> [or Marcus <b><u>Tullius</u></b> Cicero; accept <b><u>Tully</u></b>]
<b><u>serenade</u></b> for strings [or string <b><u>serenade</u></b>; or <b><u>serenata</u></b>; or Smyčcová <b><u>serenáda</u></b>]
<b><u>crown</b></u>s [accept specific answers like the <b><u>crown</b></u> of England; accept <em>The Hollow <b><u>Crown</b></u></em>]
<b><u>empire</b></u> [or <b><u>imperial</b></u>ism; accept word forms; accept <em>Culture and <b><u>Imperial</b></u>ism</em>; accept <em>The <b><u>Empire</b></u> Writes Back</em>; accept “The Pleasures of <b><u>Imperial</b></u>ism”; accept <em>The <b><u>Imperialist</b></u></em>]
<b><u>Tulu</u></b> [or <b><u>Tuluva</u></b>; accept <b><u>Tuluva</u></b> dynasty; accept <b><u>Tulu</u></b>nad or <b><u>Tulu</u></b> Nadu; accept <b><u>Bunt</u></b>s, <b><u>Billava</u></b>s, <b><u>Mogaveera</u></b>s, <b><u>Kulala</u></b>s, <b><u>Devadiga</u></b>s, or <b><u>Ganiga</u></b>s; reject “Telugu”]
<b><u>Ospedale della Pietà</b></u> [or <b><u>Hospital of Mercy</b></u>; prompt on Antonio <u>Vivaldi’s orphanage</u> or <u>convent</u> by asking “what was its name?”] (The composers in the first four clues are Agata della Pietà, Anna Bon, Anna Girò, and Francesco Gasparini.)
scientific <b><u>realism</u></b> [or word forms like <b><u>realist</u></b>; accept mathematical <b><u>realism</u></b> or entity <b><u>realism</u></b>]
the <b><u>Warring States</b></u> period [or <b><u>Zhànguó Shídài</b></u>; prompt on <u>Eastern Zhou</u> dynasty or <u>Zhou</u> dynasty]
<b><u>cat</u></b>s [or <b><u>feline</u></b>s; accept <b><u>kitten</u></b>s or <b><u>kitty</u></b> or <b><u>kitties</u></b>; prompt on <u>pet</u>s or <u>animal</u>s] (The first three sentences are from, respectively, <em>A Wild Sheep Chase</em>, <em>1Q84</em>, and <em>Kafka on the Shore</em>.)
Vikram <b><u>Seth</u></b>
making the <b><u>philosopher’s stone</u></b> [or descriptions of <b><u>making gold</u></b>; or <b><u>magnum opus</u></b>; or <b><u>great work</u></b>; or <b><u>chrysopoeia</u></b>; prompt on <u>transmutation</u>; prompt on <u>alchemy</u>; prompt on <u>hermetic</u>ism]
Sophie <b><u>Calle</u></b> (“kahl”)
<b><u>Italy</u></b> [or <b><u>Italia</u></b>; or <b><u>Italian</u></b> Republic; or Repubblica <b><u>Italiana</u></b>]
being <b><u>Jewish</u></b> [accept word forms or descriptions such as being a <b><u>Jew</u></b> or practicing <b><u>Judaism</u></b>; accept Who is a <b><u>Jew</u></b>? or mehu <b><u>yehudi</u></b> or mihu <b><u>yehudi</u></b>] (The first line refers to the Reform Central Conference of American Rabbis acknowledging patrilineal descent. Amendment 5730 is the Law of Return, and the Rebbe coined “mehu yehudi.”)
<b><u>Uruk</b></u> [or <b><u>Erech</b></u>; or <b><u>Unug</b></u>-Kulaba; accept <b><u>Warka</b></u> until read; accept (Middle) <b><u>Uruk</b></u> Period; accept <b><u>Uruk</b></u> expansion; reject “Ur”]
<b><u>Greek</b></u>s [or <b><u>Hellene</b></u>s or <b><u>Elline</b></u>s; accept <b><u>Greek</b></u> Plan or <b><u>Greek</b></u> Project; accept <b><u>Phanariot</b></u>s or <b><u>Fenerliler</b></u>s until mention; accept <b><u>Maniot</b></u>s or <b><u>Maniate</b></u>s or <b><u>Mainote</b></u>s until mention; accept <b><u>Peloponnesian</b></u>s until mention] (That author was Rigas Feraios and his battle hymn was titled <em>Thourios</em>.)
ecological <b><u>succession</b></u> [accept primary <b><u>succession</b></u> or secondary <b><u>succession</b></u> or autogenic <b><u>succession</b></u> or allogenic <b><u>succession</b></u>]
<b><u>agostic</u></b> interactions
flow <b><u>cytometry</u></b> [accept <b><u>FACS</u></b> or <b><u>fluorescence-activated cell sorting</u></b> until “FACS” is read; prompt on <u>microfluidics</u>]
George <b><u>Fox</b></u>
<b><u><em>Love’s Work</b></u></em>
<b><u>aerogel</u></b>s [accept <b><u>solid smoke</u></b>s or<b><u> frozen smoke</u></b>s; prompt on <u>gel</u>s; prompt on <u>colloid</u>s or <u>colloidal suspensions</u> or <u>colloidal dispersions</u>]
Johann <b><u>Christian Bach</b></u> [or <b><u>J.C. Bach</b></u>; prompt on J. <u>Bach</u> or Johann <u>Bach</u>; prompt on the London <u>Bach</u> until “London” is read; reject “Johann Sebastian Bach” or “J.S. Bach”]
<b><u>Erikson</b></u> [or <b><u>Eriksen</b></u>; accept Erik <b><u>Erikson</b></u> or Erik Homburger <b><u>Erikson</b></u>; accept Joan <b><u>Erikson</b></u> or Joan Mowat <b><u>Erikson</b></u>; accept <b><u>Erikson</b></u> Institute; accept <b><u>Eriksen</b></u> flanker task; prompt on <u>Salomonsen</u>; prompt on <u>Homburger</u>; prompt on <u>Serson</u>]
<b><u>C major</b></u> [accept “Great” <b><u>C major</b></u> Symphony; prompt on <u>C</u> or <u><em>In C</u></em>, but accept them after “major” is read]
<b><u>hyperbolic</u></b> [accept <b><u>hyperbola</u></b>; accept <b><u>hyperbolic</u></b> functions or <b><u>hyperbolic</u></b> trigonometric functions]
<b><u>cognitive behavioral therapy</u></b> [or <b><u>CBT</u></b>; prompt on <u>cognitive therapy</u>]
<b><u>terrorism</b></u> [accept eco<b><u>terrorism</b></u>; accept the Global <b><u>Terrorism</b></u> Database; accept “The Strategies of <b><u>Terrorism</b></u>”; accept the staircase to <b><u>terrorism</b></u>; prompt on <u>violence</u>]
Abraham <b><u>Lincoln</b></u> (The Horton poem is “Lincoln is Dead.”)
Fructuoso <b><u>Rivera</u></b> [or José Fructuoso <b><u>Rivera</u></b> y Toscana]
<b><u>pheochromocytoma</u></b>s
Max <b><u>Brod</b></u>
<b><u>bell</b></u>s [accept standing <b><u>bell</b></u>s or resting <b><u>bell</b></u>s or inverted <b><u>bell</b></u>s; accept <b><u>kane</b></u> or <b><u>rei</b></u> or <b><u>rin</b></u> or <b><u>beru</b></u>; accept <b><u>shō</b></u> until “shōrō” is read and prompt after; accept <b><u>suzu</b></u> until read and prompt after]
<b><u>oppression</b></u> [or word forms like <b><u>oppressed</b></u>; or <b><u>domination</b></u>; accept matrix of <b><u>oppression</b></u>, matrix of <b><u>domination</b></u>, triple <b><u>oppression</b></u>, or triple <b><u>exploitation</b></u>, or five faces of <b><u>oppression</b></u>]
<b><u>Hispanic-serving institution</u></b>s [or <b><u>HSI</u></b>s; accept any answer indicating a 2-year or 4-year <b><u>college</u></b> or <b><u>university</u></b> whose student body is especially <b><u>Hispanic</u></b>, <b><u>Latino</u></b>, <b><u>Latina</u></b>, <b><u>Latinx</u></b>, or <b><u>Latin</u></b>e; prompt on community <u>college</u>s or <u>university</u> or <u>universities</u> or <u>school</u>s; prompt on answers indicating high-<u>minority</u> student bodies] (To qualify as an HSI, an institution’s student body must be at least 25% Hispanic and/or Latino.)