microsoft/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	As commanding general of the army, Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of very bloody battles in 1864 known as the Overland Campaign that ended with the bottling up of Lee at Petersburg , outside the Confederate capital of Richmond.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	During the siege, Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns launched by William Tecumseh Sherman , Philip Sheridan , and George Thomas .	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Finally breaking through Lee's trenches, the Union Army captured Richmond in April 1865.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Lee surrendered his depleted forces to Grant at Appomattox as the Confederacy collapsed.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Although pro-Confederate historians attacked Grant as a ruthless butcher who won by brute force, most historians have hailed his military genius.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Grant's two consecutive terms as President stabilized the nation after the American Civil War and during the turbulent Reconstruction period that followed.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	As president, he enforced Reconstruction by enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Grant won passage of the Fifteenth Amendment ; giving constitutional protection for African-American voting rights.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers (" Carpetbaggers ") and native white supporters (" Scalawags .")	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	As a result, African Americans were represented in the U.S. Congress for the first time in American history in 1870.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Reformers praised Grant's Indian peace policy by having broken the deadlock on Indian appropriations in Congress, the creation of the Board of Indian Commissioners to make reform recommendations, and his enlistment of Quaker Protestants who controlled mid western Indian agencies, that effectively curbed Congressional patronage.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Grant remained determined in keeping Indians from being exterminated from white settler encroachment or by the U.S. military.	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Grant's reputation as president by 1875 was at an all-time high for his previous veto of the Inflation Bill, the passage of the Resumption of Specie Act, and Secretary Bristow's successful raids that shut down the Whiskey Ring .	00
Q403	what does s in ulysses s grant stand for	Ulysses S. Grant	Grant's foreign policy, led by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , implemented International Arbitration , settled the Alabama Claims with Britain and avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair .	00
Q405	What city is AMI Box Juke Made?	Jukebox	A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device , usually a coin-operated machine , that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media.	00
Q405	What city is AMI Box Juke Made?	Jukebox	The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, when entered in combination, are used to play a specific selection.	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen – for example urine, hair, blood, sweat, or oral fluid / saliva – to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites .	11
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Major uses of drug testing are to detect the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport or for drugs prohibited by laws, such as cannabis , cocaine and heroin.	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	A "10-panel urine screen" consists of the following:	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Amphetamines (including Methamphetamine )	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Barbiturates	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Benzodiazepines	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Cannabinoids ( THC )	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Cocaine	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Methadone	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Methaqualone	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Opiates ( Codeine , Morphine , Heroin , Oxycodone , Hydrocodone , etc.)	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Phencyclidine ( PCP )	00
Q406	what do UA's detect	Drug test	Propoxyphene	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Saturn V rocket, used for the American manned lunar landing missions	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology .	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft .	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy , predates reliable recorded history , it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War .	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	The early era of space exploration was driven by a " Space Race " between the Soviet Union and the United States , the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth , the USSR's Sputnik 1 , on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight ( Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1 ) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov ) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station ( Salyut 1 ) in 1971.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program , and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS).	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the USA remain in flux.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	Constellation , a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth/Moon L1 , the Moon, Earth/Sun L2 , near-earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	As of March 2011, the US Senate and House of Representatives are still working towards a compromise NASA funding bill, which will probably terminate Constellation and fund development of a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV).	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	In the 2000s, the People's Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program , while the European Union , Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century.	00
Q407	how many missions has the us sent to mars	Space exploration	From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see Google Lunar X Prize ).	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929).	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	A Republican lawyer from Vermont , Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics , eventually becoming governor of that state.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative , and also as a man who said very little.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class , could interpret their longings and express their opinions.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength."	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government.	00
Q408	how many terms did calvin coolidge serve	Calvin Coolidge	His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.	00
Q409	how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso	Espresso	Espresso is a concentrated beverage brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans .	00
Q409	how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso	Espresso	Espresso often has a thicker consistency than coffee brewed by other methods, a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and crema (meaning cream, but being a reference to the foam with a creamy texture that forms as a result of the pressure).	00
Q409	how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso	Espresso	As a result of the pressurized brewing process the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated.	00
Q409	how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso	Espresso	Espresso is the base for other drinks, such as a latte , cappuccino , macchiato , mocha , or americano .	00
Q409	how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso	Espresso	Espresso has more caffeine per unit volume than most beverages, but the usual serving size is smaller—a typical 60 mL (2 US fluid ounce ) of espresso has 80 to 150 mg of caffeine, little less than the 95 to 200 mg of a standard 240 mL (8 US fluid ounces ) cup of drip-brewed coffee.	11
Q412	how many championships brian kelly coached	Brian Kelly (American football coach)	Brian Keith Kelly (born October 25, 1961) is an American football coach and former player.	00
Q412	how many championships brian kelly coached	Brian Kelly (American football coach)	He is currently the head football coach for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish , a position he has held since December 2009.	00
Q412	how many championships brian kelly coached	Brian Kelly (American football coach)	Kelly was previously head coach at Grand Valley State University (1991–2003), Central Michigan University (2004–2006), and University of Cincinnati (2006–2009).	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	A contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties , each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them.	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation."	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	Proof of some or all of these elements may be done in writing, though contracts may be made entirely orally or by conduct.	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	The remedy for breach of contract can be "damages" in the form of compensation of money or specific performance enforced through an injunction .	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	Both of these remedies award the party at loss the "benefit of the bargain" or expectation damages , which are greater than mere reliance damages , as in promissory estoppel .	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons .	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	The word promise can be used as a legal synonym for contract, although care is required as a promise may not have the full standing of a contract, as when it is an agreement without consideration .	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law , the impact of received law , particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation.	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state of NSW.	00
Q413	how is a contract legally binding?	Contract	In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Sidney Patrick Crosby, ONS (born August 7, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is captain of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Crosby was drafted first overall by the Penguins out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL).	11
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	During his two-year major junior career with the Rimouski Océanic , he earned back-to-back CHL Player of the Year awards and led his club to the 2005 Memorial Cup final.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Nicknamed " The Next One ", he was one of the most highly regarded draft picks in hockey history, leading many to refer to the 2005 Draft Lottery as the "Sidney Crosby Sweepstakes".	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In his first NHL season , Crosby finished sixth in league scoring with 102 points (39 goals, 63 assists) and was a runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy (won by Alexander Ovechkin ).	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	By his second season , he led the NHL with 120 points (36 goals, 84 assists) to capture the Art Ross Trophy , becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	That same season, Crosby also won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the Professional Hockey Writers Association 's choice for most valuable player and the Lester B. Pearson Award as the NHL Players Association 's choice for most outstanding player, becoming the seventh player in NHL history to earn all three awards in one year.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Crosby started the 2007–08 season with the team's captaincy and subsequently led them to the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	The Penguins returned to the Finals against Detroit the following year and won in seven games; Crosby became the youngest captain in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In the 2009–10 season , Crosby scored a career-high 51 goals, tying him with Steven Stamkos for the Rocket Richard Trophy as the league-leader; with 58 assists, he totaled 109 points, second in the NHL.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	During the off-season, Crosby received the Mark Messier Leadership Award .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In 2010–11 , Crosby sustained a concussion as a result of hits to the head in back-to-back games.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	The injury left him sidelined for ten and a half months.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	However, after playing eight games in the 2011–12 season , Crosby's concussion-like symptoms returned in December 2011, and he did not return until mid-March 2012.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Internationally, Crosby has represented Canada in numerous tournaments for the country's junior and men's teams .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	After competing in the 2003 U-18 Junior World Cup , he represented Canada in back-to-back IIHF World U20 Championships , winning silver in 2004 and gold in 2005 .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	At the 2006 IIHF World Championship , he led the tournament in scoring, while also earning Top Forward and All-Star Team honours.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Four years later, Crosby was named to Team Canada for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Playing the United States in the gold medal game, he scored the game-winning goal in overtime .	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	A United States cent , also known as a penny .	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	"My two cents" (2¢) and its longer version "put my two cents in" is an United States (US) idiomatic expression, taken from the original English idiom expression: to put in "my two pennies worth" or "my tuppence worth."	11
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	It is used to preface the tentative stating of one’s opinion.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	By deprecating the opinion to follow – suggesting its value is only two cents , a very small amount – the user of the phrase hopes to lessen the impact of a possibly statement, showing politeness and humility.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	However, it is also sometimes used with irony when expressing a strongly felt opinion.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	The phrase is also used out of habit to preface uncontentious opinions.	00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

As commanding general of the army, Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of very bloody battles in 1864 known as the Overland Campaign that ended with the bottling up of Lee at Petersburg , outside the Confederate capital of Richmond.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

During the siege, Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns launched by William Tecumseh Sherman , Philip Sheridan , and George Thomas .

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Finally breaking through Lee's trenches, the Union Army captured Richmond in April 1865.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Lee surrendered his depleted forces to Grant at Appomattox as the Confederacy collapsed.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Although pro-Confederate historians attacked Grant as a ruthless butcher who won by brute force, most historians have hailed his military genius.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant's two consecutive terms as President stabilized the nation after the American Civil War and during the turbulent Reconstruction period that followed.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

As president, he enforced Reconstruction by enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant won passage of the Fifteenth Amendment ; giving constitutional protection for African-American voting rights.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers (" Carpetbaggers ") and native white supporters (" Scalawags .")

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

As a result, African Americans were represented in the U.S. Congress for the first time in American history in 1870.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Reformers praised Grant's Indian peace policy by having broken the deadlock on Indian appropriations in Congress, the creation of the Board of Indian Commissioners to make reform recommendations, and his enlistment of Quaker Protestants who controlled mid western Indian agencies, that effectively curbed Congressional patronage.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant remained determined in keeping Indians from being exterminated from white settler encroachment or by the U.S. military.

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant's reputation as president by 1875 was at an all-time high for his previous veto of the Inflation Bill, the passage of the Resumption of Specie Act, and Secretary Bristow's successful raids that shut down the Whiskey Ring .

00

Q403

what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant's foreign policy, led by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , implemented International Arbitration , settled the Alabama Claims with Britain and avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair .

00

Q405

What city is AMI Box Juke Made?

Jukebox

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device , usually a coin-operated machine , that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media.

00

Q405

What city is AMI Box Juke Made?

Jukebox

The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, when entered in combination, are used to play a specific selection.

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen – for example urine, hair, blood, sweat, or oral fluid / saliva – to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites .

11

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Major uses of drug testing are to detect the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport or for drugs prohibited by laws, such as cannabis , cocaine and heroin.

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

A "10-panel urine screen" consists of the following:

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Amphetamines (including Methamphetamine )

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Barbiturates

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Benzodiazepines

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Cannabinoids ( THC )

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Cocaine

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Methadone

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Methaqualone

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Opiates ( Codeine , Morphine , Heroin , Oxycodone , Hydrocodone , etc.)

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Phencyclidine ( PCP )

00

Q406

what do UA's detect

Drug test

Propoxyphene

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Saturn V rocket, used for the American manned lunar landing missions

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology .

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft .

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy , predates reliable recorded history , it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War .

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

The early era of space exploration was driven by a " Space Race " between the Soviet Union and the United States , the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth , the USSR's Sputnik 1 , on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight ( Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1 ) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov ) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station ( Salyut 1 ) in 1971.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program , and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS).

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the USA remain in flux.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

Constellation , a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth/Moon L1 , the Moon, Earth/Sun L2 , near-earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

As of March 2011, the US Senate and House of Representatives are still working towards a compromise NASA funding bill, which will probably terminate Constellation and fund development of a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV).

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

In the 2000s, the People's Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program , while the European Union , Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century.

00

Q407

how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration

From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see Google Lunar X Prize ).

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929).

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

A Republican lawyer from Vermont , Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics , eventually becoming governor of that state.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative , and also as a man who said very little.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class , could interpret their longings and express their opinions.

00

Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength."

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Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government.

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Q408

how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Calvin Coolidge

His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.

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Q409

how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso

Espresso is a concentrated beverage brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans .

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Q409

how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso

Espresso often has a thicker consistency than coffee brewed by other methods, a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and crema (meaning cream, but being a reference to the foam with a creamy texture that forms as a result of the pressure).

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Q409

how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso

As a result of the pressurized brewing process the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated.

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Q409

how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso

Espresso is the base for other drinks, such as a latte , cappuccino , macchiato , mocha , or americano .

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Q409

how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso

Espresso has more caffeine per unit volume than most beverages, but the usual serving size is smaller—a typical 60 mL (2 US fluid ounce ) of espresso has 80 to 150 mg of caffeine, little less than the 95 to 200 mg of a standard 240 mL (8 US fluid ounces ) cup of drip-brewed coffee.

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Q412

how many championships brian kelly coached

Brian Kelly (American football coach)

Brian Keith Kelly (born October 25, 1961) is an American football coach and former player.

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Q412

how many championships brian kelly coached

Brian Kelly (American football coach)

He is currently the head football coach for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish , a position he has held since December 2009.

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Q412

how many championships brian kelly coached

Brian Kelly (American football coach)

Kelly was previously head coach at Grand Valley State University (1991–2003), Central Michigan University (2004–2006), and University of Cincinnati (2006–2009).

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

A contract is an agreement having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more parties , each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them.

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

The elements of a contract are "offer" and "acceptance" by "competent persons" having legal capacity who exchange "consideration" to create "mutuality of obligation."

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

Proof of some or all of these elements may be done in writing, though contracts may be made entirely orally or by conduct.

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

The remedy for breach of contract can be "damages" in the form of compensation of money or specific performance enforced through an injunction .

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

Both of these remedies award the party at loss the "benefit of the bargain" or expectation damages , which are greater than mere reliance damages , as in promissory estoppel .

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

The parties may be natural persons or juristic persons .

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

A contract is a legally enforceable promise or undertaking that something will or will not occur.

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

The word promise can be used as a legal synonym for contract, although care is required as a promise may not have the full standing of a contract, as when it is an agreement without consideration .

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

Contract law varies greatly from one jurisdiction to another, including differences in common law compared to civil law , the impact of received law , particularly from England in common law countries, and of law codified in regional legislation.

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

Regarding Australian Contract Law for example, there are 40 relevant acts which impact on the interpretation of contract at the Commonwealth (Federal / national) level, and an additional 26 acts at the level of the state of NSW.

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Q413

how is a contract legally binding?

Contract

In addition there are 6 international instruments or conventions which are applicable for international dealings, such as the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods .

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Q416