question_id
stringlengths
2
5
question
stringlengths
11
120
document_title
stringlengths
2
81
answer
stringlengths
2
1.08k
label
class label
2 classes
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Geothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries .
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
The Earth's geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity's energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about technology, energy prices, subsidies, and interest rates.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
Pilot programs like EWEB's customer opt in Green Power Program show that customers would be willing to pay a little more for a renewable energy source like geothermal.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
But as a result of government assisted research and industry experience, the cost of generating geothermal power has decreased by 25% over the past two decades.
00
Q1156
who invented geothermal energy technology
Geothermal energy
In 2001, geothermal energy cost between two and ten cents per kwh.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Ownership of property may be private, collective, or common and the property may be objects , land/real estate , or intellectual property .
11
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Determining ownership in law involves determining who has certain rights and duties over the property.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
These rights and duties, sometimes called a 'bundle of rights', can be separated and held by different parties.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
The question of ownership reaches back to the ancient philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, who held different opinions on the subject.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Plato (428/427 BC – 348/347 BC) thought private property created divisive inequalities, while Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) thought private property enabled people to receive the full benefit of their labor.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Private property can circumvent what is now referred to as the “ tragedy of the commons ” problem, where people tend to degrade common property more than they do private property.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Given a short-sighted owner, however, a private property system can make these tragedies worse—for example, a private owner of a piece of oil-rich property, depending on his worldview, might be more interested in short-term financial gain than incremental use with an eye toward other's concerns (e.g., those of future generations, the disenfranchised, etc.).
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
While Aristotle justified the existence of private ownership, he left open questions of (1) how to allocate property between what is private and common and (2) how to allocate the private property within society.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Over the millennia, and across cultures what can be property and how it is regarded culturally have varied widely.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Ownership is the basis for many other concepts that form the foundations of ancient and modern societies such as money , trade , debt , bankruptcy , the criminality of theft , and private vs. public property.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Ownership is the key building block in the development of the capitalist socio-economic system.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Adam Smith stated that one of the sacred laws of justice was to guard a person's property and possessions.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
The process and mechanics of ownership are fairly complex: one can gain, transfer and lose ownership of property in a number of ways.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
To acquire property one can purchase it with money, trade it for other property, receive it as a gift , steal it, find it, make , it or homestead it.
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
One can transfer or lose ownership of property by selling it for money, exchanging it for other property, giving it as a gift, being robbed of it, it, or having it stripped from one's ownership through legal means such as eviction , foreclosure , seizure , or taking .
00
Q1158
what is a form of legal ownership
Ownership
Ownership is self-propagating in that the owner of any property will also own the economic benefits of that property.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
"What's My Name?" is a song recorded by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna , for her fifth studio album Loud (2010).
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
Featuring guest vocals from Canadian rapper Drake , the song was released as the second single from Loud on October 29, 2010 through Def Jam Recordings .
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
The R&B song was produced by the Norwegian production duo StarGate , and was written by the duo along with Ester Dean , Traci Hale , and Drake .
11
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
Lyrically, it incorporates themes of sexual intercourse and romance.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
Music critics gave the song positive reviews, citing it some of Rihanna's best vocal work to date; there was a praise regarding its romantic nature, as well as its sexual tones.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
"What's My Name?" was a commercial success and topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, giving Rihanna her third number-one single in 2010, as well as her eighth overall on the chart.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
The song also topped the charts in Hungary and the United Kingdom and reached the top five in Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and Slovakia.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
The song received a nomination at the 54th Grammy Awards for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration .
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
An accompanying music video, directed by Philip Andelman, portrays a romantic encounter between Rihanna and Drake in a grocery store along with romantic scenes between the pair and Rihanna walking through Manhattan 's Lower East Side .
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
"What's My Name?" was promoted with live performances across both sides of the Atlantic, including Saturday Night Live in America and the series seven finale of The X Factor in the United Kingdom.
00
Q1162
who wrote what's my name rihanna
What's My Name? (Rihanna song)
The latter performance resulted in an investigation from the country's media regulator, Ofcom , for the raunchy nature of Rihanna's outfit.
00
Q1164
what is a constant in math?
Mathematical constant
A mathematical constant is a special number , usually a real number , that is "significantly interesting in some way".
11
Q1164
what is a constant in math?
Mathematical constant
Constants arise in many different areas of mathematics , with constants such as e (mathematical constant)| and pi| occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry , number theory and calculus .
00
Q1164
what is a constant in math?
Mathematical constant
What it means for a constant to arise "naturally", and what makes a constant "interesting", is ultimately a matter of taste, and some mathematical constants are notable more for historical reasons than for their intrinsic mathematical interest.
00
Q1164
what is a constant in math?
Mathematical constant
The more popular constants have been studied throughout the ages and computed to many decimal places.
00
Q1164
what is a constant in math?
Mathematical constant
All mathematical constants are definable numbers and usually are also computable numbers ( Chaitin's constant being a significant exception).
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
Elections to the United States Senate were held on November 2, 2010, for 37 of the United States Senate 's 100 seats.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
(A special election on January 19, 2010 in Massachusetts was held earlier in the year.)
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
Thirty-four of the seats were for six-year terms to the Senate's "class three" , and three were special elections for shorter terms.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
Of the 37 elections, 19 featured incumbent Democrats (7 of whom retired or were defeated in the primary) and 18 featured incumbent Republicans (eight of whom retired or were defeated in the primary).
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
After the previous elections (in 2008) , the United States Senate was composed of 58 Democrats , 40 Republicans , and 2 independents who caucus with the Democrats.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
Republicans won four seats held by retiring Democrats and Republicans defeated two incumbent Democrats.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
This was the largest number of Republicans gains since the 1994 elections and also the first time since that election that Republicans successfully defended all of their own seats.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
This was the fourth consecutive election of "class 3" senators where Democrats have failed to gain seats and the third consecutive mid-term election held in a president's first term where Republicans have picked-up seats.
00
Q1165
who won the SC election 2010
United States Senate elections, 2010
Despite these Republican wins, however, the Democrats retained a majority of the Senate with 51 seats plus 2 independents who caucus with them, compared to the 47 Republicans.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
A solstice is an astronomical event that occurs twice each year as the Sun reaches its highest or lowest excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere .
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
As a result, on the day of the solstice, the Sun appears to have reached its highest or lowest annual altitude in the sky above the horizon at local solar noon.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
The word solstice is derived from the Latin sol (sun) and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstices, the Sun stands still in declination ; that is, the seasonal movement of the Sun's path (as seen from Earth ) comes to a stop before reversing direction.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
The solstices, together with the equinoxes , are connected with the seasons.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
In many cultures the solstices mark either the beginning or the midpoint of winter and summer.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
The term solstice can also be used in a broader sense, as the date (day) when this occurs.
00
Q1166
where would you be standing on june 21 if the sun were directly overhead at noon.
Solstice
The day of the solstice is either the longest day of the year (in summer) or the shortest day of the year (in winter) for any place outside of the tropics.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American rock and roll and country music singer-songwriter and pianist.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
He is known by the nickname "The Killer" and is often viewed as “rock & roll's first great wild man”.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
An early pioneer of rock and roll music, in 1956 Lewis made his first recordings at Sun Records.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
" Crazy Arms " sold 300,000 copies in the South, but it was his 1957 hit " Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On " that shot Lewis to fame worldwide.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis followed this in that same year when he recorded songs such as " Great Balls of Fire ", " Breathless " and " High School Confidential ".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis sold more records than Elvis Presley at this time.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
However, Lewis' rock 'n' roll career faltered in the wake of his marriage to his young cousin.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
He had little success in the charts following the scandal and his popularity quickly faded.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
His live performance fees plummeted from $10,000 per night to $250.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
In the meantime he was determined to gain back some of his popularity.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
During the early 60’s he didn't have much chart success with few exceptions such as " What'd I Say ".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
His live performances at this time were increasingly wild and energetic.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
His album Live at the Star Club, Hamburg from 1964 is often regarded by many music journalists and fans as one of the wildest and greatest rock and roll concert albums ever.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
After recording songs such as "I'm on Fire" for several years with little success, in 1968 Lewis made a transition into country music and had hits with songs such as "Another Place, Another Time".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
This reignited his career and throughout the late '60s and '70s he regularly topped the country-western charts.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
His #1 country hits included " To Make Love Sweeter For You ", " There Must Be More to Love Than This ", " Would You Take Another Chance on Me " and " Me And Bobby McGee ".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis's successes continued throughout the decade and he embraced his rock 'n' roll past with songs such as a cover of the Big Bopper's " Chantilly Lace " and " Rockin' My Life Away ".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
In the 21st century Lewis continues to tour to audiences around the world and still releases new albums.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
One such album, titled Last Man Standing , is his best selling to date at over a million copies sold worldwide.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
This was followed by Mean Old Man which has received some of the best sales of Lewis’s career.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis has had a dozen gold records in both rock and country, won several Grammy awards, including a Lifetime Achievement Award.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame .
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
In 1989, his life was chronicled in the movie Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
In 2003, Rolling Stone Magazine listed his box set All Killer, No Filler: The Anthology number 242 on their list of " 500 greatest albums of all time ".
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
In 2004, they ranked him number 24 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
00
Q1167
WHAT SINGER MARRIED HIS COUSIN
Jerry Lee Lewis
Lewis is the last surviving member of Sun Records ' Million Dollar Quartet and the Class of '55 album, which also included Johnny Cash , Carl Perkins , Roy Orbison and Elvis Presley .
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
Henry Louis Stephens , untitled watercolor ( 1863) of a man reading a newspaper with headline "Presidential Proclamation / Slavery".
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was an order issued to all segments of the Executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War .
11
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
It was based on the president's constitutional authority as commander in chief of the armed forces; it was not a law passed by Congress.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
It proclaimed all those enslaved in Confederate territory to be forever free, and ordered the Army (and all segments of the Executive branch) to treat as free all those enslaved in ten states that were still in rebellion, thus applying to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves in the U.S.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
The Proclamation could not be enforced in areas still under rebellion, but as the army took control of Confederate regions, the slaves in those regions were emancipated rather than returned to their masters.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
From 20,000 to 50,000 former slaves in regions where rebellion had already been subdued were immediately emancipated, and over 3 million more were emancipated as the Union army advanced.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
The Proclamation did not apply to the five slave states that were not in rebellion, nor to most regions already controlled by the Union army; emancipation there would come after separate state actions and/or the December 1865 ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment , which made slavery illegal everywhere in the U.S.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen ) citizens.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
It made the eradication of slavery an explicit war goal, in addition to the goal of reuniting the Union.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln had issued a preliminary proclamation that he would order the emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
None returned, and the order, signed and issued January 1, 1863, took effect except in locations where the Union had already mostly regained control.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
The Proclamation outraged white Southerners who envisioned a race war, angered some Northern Democrats, energized anti-slavery forces, and weakened forces in Europe that wanted to intervene to help the Confederacy.
00
Q1168
when did abraham lincoln write the emancipation proclamation??
Emancipation Proclamation
It also lifted the spirits of African Americans both in the Southern and Northern States, and led to many slaves escaping their masters and running behind Union lines in order to have their emancipation enforced.
00
Q1169
what songs are used in the sucker punch trailer
Sucker Punch (film)
Sucker Punch is a 2011 American fantasy action film directed by Zack Snyder and co-written by him and Steve Shibuya .
00
Q1169
what songs are used in the sucker punch trailer
Sucker Punch (film)
It is Snyder's first film based on an original script.
00
Q1169
what songs are used in the sucker punch trailer
Sucker Punch (film)
The film stars Emily Browning , Abbie Cornish , Jena Malone , Vanessa Hudgens , Jamie Chung , and Carla Gugino .
00