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RESULTS | After 72 h , SP reduced the malaria parasite density ( by 5029 parasites/microL ; P < 0.001 ) , CRP concentrations ( by 10.6 mg/L ; P = 0.001 ) , and the proportion of children infected with malaria ( by 32.4 % ; P < 0.001 ) . | After 72 h, SP reduced the malaria parasite density (by 5029 parasites/microL ; P < 0. 001), CRP concentrations (by 10. 6 mg/L ; P = 0. 001), and the proportion of children infected with malaria (by 32. 4 % ; P < 0. 001). |
RESULTS | Vitamin A reduced CRP ( by 9.6 mg/L ; P = 0.011 ) , serum ferritin ( by 18.1 microg/L ; P = 0.042 ) , and erythropoietin ( by 194.7 mIU/mL ; P = 0.011 ) concentrations and increased the reticulocyte production index ( by 0.40 ; P = 0.041 ) . | Vitamin A reduced CRP (by 9. 6 mg/L ; P = 0. 011), serum ferritin (by 18. 1 microg/L ; P = 0. 042), and erythropoietin (by 194. 7 mIU/mL ; P = 0. 011) concentrations and increased the reticulocyte production index (by 0. 40 ; P = 0. 041). |
CONCLUSIONS | Contrary to our hypothesis , vitamin A significantly decreased erythropoietin concentration . | Contrary to our hypothesis, vitamin A significantly decreased erythropoietin concentration. |
CONCLUSIONS | The most important effect of both vitamin A and SP was the rapid reduction of inflammation . | The most important effect of both vitamin A and SP was the rapid reduction of inflammation. |
CONCLUSIONS | Vitamin A also mobilized iron from stores and stimulated the production of new erythrocytes . | Vitamin A also mobilized iron from stores and stimulated the production of new erythrocytes. |
BACKGROUND | An external straightener for colonoscopy which enables proper compression of the abdomen during the entire examination has been developed . | An external straightener for colonoscopy which enables proper compression of the abdomen during the entire examination has been developed. |
METHODS | Beginning January 1 , 1997 , patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were subjected to either manual abdominal compression or compression with an external straightener . | Beginning January 1, 1997, patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were subjected to either manual abdominal compression or compression with an external straightener. |
METHODS | Two hundred patients were divided into two groups of 100 patients each : group A ( colonoscopy using traditional methods ; 38 men , 62 women , mean age 59.6 years , range 18 to 80 ) and group B ( colonoscopy with the help of the external straightener ; 40 men , 60 women , mean age 59.8 years , range 16 to 75 ) . | Two hundred patients were divided into two groups of 100 patients each : group A (colonoscopy using traditional methods ; 38 men, 62 women, mean age 59. 6 years, range 18 to 80) and group B (colonoscopy with the help of the external straightener ; 40 men, 60 women, mean age 59. 8 years, range 16 to 75). |
METHODS | Fifteen minutes after the examination , each patient completed a form that assessed the degree of pain during the procedure ( no pain , mild , moderate , severe ) . | Fifteen minutes after the examination, each patient completed a form that assessed the degree of pain during the procedure (no pain, mild, moderate, severe). |
RESULTS | The ileocecal valve was reached in 89 cases in group A and 94 cases in group B. | The ileocecal valve was reached in 89 cases in group A and 94 cases in group B. |
RESULTS | The average time required to reach the valve was 9.34 + / -4 minutes ( range 4 to 25 ) in group A and 6.97 + / -3.37 minutes ( range 2 to 21 ) in group B ( p < 0.001 ) . | The average time required to reach the valve was 9. 34 + / -4 minutes (range 4 to 25) in group A and 6. 97 + / -3. 37 minutes (range 2 to 21) in group B (p < 0. 001). |
RESULTS | With regard to the degree of pain , the results for groups A and B were , respectively : no pain = 25 % and 40 % , mild = 29 % and 34 % , moderate = 30 % and 20 % , severe = 16 % and 6 % ( p < 0.001 ) . | With regard to the degree of pain, the results for groups A and B were, respectively : no pain = 25 % and 40 %, mild = 29 % and 34 %, moderate = 30 % and 20 %, severe = 16 % and 6 % (p < 0. 001). |
CONCLUSIONS | The external straightener reduced examination time and decreased the degree of patient pain compared with traditional methods . | The external straightener reduced examination time and decreased the degree of patient pain compared with traditional methods. |
BACKGROUND | Intravenous acetaminophen injection ( paracetamol ) is marketed in Europe for the management of acute pain . | Intravenous acetaminophen injection (paracetamol) is marketed in Europe for the management of acute pain. |
BACKGROUND | A repeated-dose , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , three-parallel group study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen as compared with its prodrug ( propacetamol ) and placebo . | A repeated-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-parallel group study was performed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous acetaminophen as compared with its prodrug (propacetamol) and placebo. |
BACKGROUND | Propacetamol has been available in many European countries for more than 20 yr . | Propacetamol has been available in many European countries for more than 20 yr. |
METHODS | After orthopedic surgery , patients reporting moderate to severe pain received either 1 g intravenous acetaminophen , 2 g propacetamol , or placebo at 6-h intervals over 24 h. Patients were allowed `` rescue '' intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine . | After orthopedic surgery, patients reporting moderate to severe pain received either 1 g intravenous acetaminophen, 2 g propacetamol, or placebo at 6-h intervals over 24 h. Patients were allowed '' rescue '' intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine. |
METHODS | Pain intensity , pain relief , and morphine use were measured at selected intervals . | Pain intensity, pain relief, and morphine use were measured at selected intervals. |
METHODS | Safety was monitored through adverse event reporting , clinical examination , and laboratory testing . | Safety was monitored through adverse event reporting, clinical examination, and laboratory testing. |
RESULTS | One hundred fifty-one patients ( intravenous acetaminophen : 49 ; propacetamol : 50 ; placebo : 52 ) received at least one dose of study medication . | One hundred fifty-one patients (intravenous acetaminophen : 49 ; propacetamol : 50 ; placebo : 52) received at least one dose of study medication. |
RESULTS | The intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol groups differed significantly from the placebo group regarding pain relief from 15 min to 6 h ( P < 0.05 ) and median time to morphine rescue ( intravenous acetaminophen : 3 h ; propacetamol : 2.6 h ; placebo : 0.8 h ) . | The intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol groups differed significantly from the placebo group regarding pain relief from 15 min to 6 h (P < 0. 05) and median time to morphine rescue (intravenous acetaminophen : 3 h ; propacetamol : 2. 6 h ; placebo : 0. 8 h). |
RESULTS | Intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol significantly reduced morphine consumption over the 24-h period : The total morphine doses received over 24 h were 38.3 + / - 35.1 mg for intravenous acetaminophen , 40.8 + / - 30.2 mg for propacetamol , and 57.4 + / - 52.3 mg for placebo , corresponding to decreases of -33 % ( 19 mg ) and -29 % ( 17 mg ) for intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol , respectively . | Intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol significantly reduced morphine consumption over the 24-h period : The total morphine doses received over 24 h were 38. 3 + / - 35. 1 mg for intravenous acetaminophen, 40. 8 + / - 30. 2 mg for propacetamol, and 57. 4 + / - 52. 3 mg for placebo, corresponding to decreases of -33 % (19 mg) and -29 % (17 mg) for intravenous acetaminophen and propacetamol, respectively. |
RESULTS | Drug-related adverse events were reported in 8.2 % , 50 % ( most of them local ) , and 17.3 % of patients treated with intravenous acetaminophen , propacetamol , and placebo , respectively . | Drug-related adverse events were reported in 8. 2 %, 50 % (most of them local), and 17. 3 % of patients treated with intravenous acetaminophen, propacetamol, and placebo, respectively. |
CONCLUSIONS | Intravenous acetaminophen , 1 g , administered over a 24-h period in patients with moderate to severe pain after orthopedic surgery provided rapid and effective analgesia and was well tolerated . | Intravenous acetaminophen, 1 g, administered over a 24-h period in patients with moderate to severe pain after orthopedic surgery provided rapid and effective analgesia and was well tolerated. |
OBJECTIVE | To assess whether heat trapped under ophthalmic drapes is responsible for patient reports of being hot during cataract surgery using local anesthesia . | To assess whether heat trapped under ophthalmic drapes is responsible for patient reports of being hot during cataract surgery using local anesthesia. |
METHODS | Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and of Ophthalmology and Optometry , Innsbruck University Hospital , Innsbruck , Austria . | Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria. |
METHODS | In a prospective , randomized , single-blind study , the temperature in the ambient air under 2 types of paper drapes ( Group A : Barrier Ophthalmology Drape , Johnson & Johnson ; Group B : Steri Drape 1062 , 3M ) and a plastic drape ( Group C : cotton drape + Steri Drape 1024 , 3M ) was measured for 25 minutes in 60 patients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia . | In a prospective, randomized, single-blind study, the temperature in the ambient air under 2 types of paper drapes (Group A : Barrier Ophthalmology Drape, Johnson & Johnson ; Group B : Steri Drape 1062, 3M) and a plastic drape (Group C : cotton drape + Steri Drape 1024, 3M) was measured for 25 minutes in 60 patients having cataract surgery under local anesthesia. |
RESULTS | Three minutes after the patient 's head was draped , the mean temperature under the drape began to increase significantly : Group A , 25.7 degrees C + / - 0.3 degree C ( SD ) to 29.17 degrees C + / - 0.9 degree C ( P < or = .001 ) ; Group B , 25.87 degrees C + / - 0.4 degree C to 29.41 degrees C + / - 0.9 degree C ( P < or = .001 ) ; Group C , 25.8 degrees C + / - 0.35 degree C to 29.4 degrees C + / - 0.6 degree C ( P < or = .001 ) . | Three minutes after the patient 's head was draped, the mean temperature under the drape began to increase significantly : Group A, 25. 7 degrees C + / - 0. 3 degree C (SD) to 29. 17 degrees C + / - 0. 9 degree C (P < or =. 001) ; Group B, 25. 87 degrees C + / - 0. 4 degree C to 29. 41 degrees C + / - 0. 9 degree C (P < or =. 001) ; Group C, 25. 8 degrees C + / - 0. 35 degree C to 29. 4 degrees C + / - 0. 6 degree C (P < or =. 001). |
RESULTS | It continued to increase in all groups as the operation continued . | It continued to increase in all groups as the operation continued. |
RESULTS | No significant differences in temperature were observed among the 3 drape types studied . | No significant differences in temperature were observed among the 3 drape types studied. |
RESULTS | Subjective thermal discomfort was reported by 35 % to 40 % of patients . | Subjective thermal discomfort was reported by 35 % to 40 % of patients. |
CONCLUSIONS | Paper drapes did not cause less heat from being trapped than the plastic drape . | Paper drapes did not cause less heat from being trapped than the plastic drape. |
CONCLUSIONS | Trapped heat may impair the comfort of patients having eye surgery under local anesthesia . | Trapped heat may impair the comfort of patients having eye surgery under local anesthesia. |
BACKGROUND | Combining targeted treatments for renal cell carcinoma has been suggested as a possible method to improve treatment efficacy . | Combining targeted treatments for renal cell carcinoma has been suggested as a possible method to improve treatment efficacy. |
BACKGROUND | We aimed to assess the potential synergistic or additive effect of the combination of bevacizumab , directed against the VEGF receptor , and temsirolimus , an mTOR inhibitor , in metastatic renal cell carcinoma . | We aimed to assess the potential synergistic or additive effect of the combination of bevacizumab, directed against the VEGF receptor, and temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
METHODS | TORAVA was an open-label , multicentre randomised phase 2 study undertaken in 24 centres in France . | TORAVA was an open-label, multicentre randomised phase 2 study undertaken in 24 centres in France. |
METHODS | Patients aged 18 years or older who had untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma were randomly assigned ( 2:1:1 ) to receive the combination of bevacizumab ( 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks ) and temsirolimus ( 25 mg weekly ; group A ) , or one of the standard treatments : sunitinib ( 50 mg/day for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off ; group B ) , or the combination of interferon alfa ( 9 mIU three times per week ) and bevacizumab ( 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks ; group C ) . | Patients aged 18 years or older who had untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma were randomly assigned (2:1:1) to receive the combination of bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) and temsirolimus (25 mg weekly ; group A), or one of the standard treatments : sunitinib (50 mg/day for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off ; group B), or the combination of interferon alfa (9 mIU three times per week) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks ; group C). |
METHODS | Randomisation was done centrally and independently from other study procedures with computer-generated permuted blocks of four and eight patients stratified by participating centre and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status . | Randomisation was done centrally and independently from other study procedures with computer-generated permuted blocks of four and eight patients stratified by participating centre and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. |
METHODS | The primary endpoint was progression-free survival ( PFS ) at 48 weeks ( four follow-up CT scans ) , which was expected to be above 50 % in group A. Analysis was by intention to treat . | The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 48 weeks (four follow-up CT scans), which was expected to be above 50 % in group A. Analysis was by intention to treat. |
METHODS | The study is ongoing for long-term overall survival . | The study is ongoing for long-term overall survival. |
METHODS | This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00619268 . | This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT00619268. |
RESULTS | Between March 3 , 2008 and May 6 , 2009 , 171 patients were randomly assigned : 88 to the experimental group ( group A ) , 42 to group B , and 41 to group C. PFS at 48 weeks was 29.5 % ( 26 of 88 patients , 95 % CI 20.0-39 .1 ) in group A , 35.7 % ( 15 of 42 , 21.2-50 .2 ) in group B , and 61.0 % ( 25 of 41 , 46.0-75 .9 ) in group C. Median PFS was 8.2 months ( 95 % CI 7.0-9 .6 ) in group A , 8.2 months ( 5.5-11 .7 ) in group B , and 16.8 months ( 6.0-26 .0 ) in group C. 45 ( 51 % ) of 88 patients in group A stopped treatment for reasons other than progression compared with five ( 12 % ) of 42 in group B and 15 ( 38 % ) of 40 in group C. Grade 3 or worse adverse events were reported in 68 ( 77 % ) of 88 patients in group A versus 25 ( 60 % ) of 42 in group B and 28 ( 70 % ) of 40 in group C. Serious adverse events were reported in 39 ( 44 % ) of 88 , 13 ( 31 % ) of 42 , and 18 ( 45 % ) of 40 patients in groups A , B , and C , respectively . | Between March 3, 2008 and May 6, 2009, 171 patients were randomly assigned : 88 to the experimental group (group A), 42 to group B, and 41 to group C. PFS at 48 weeks was 29. 5 % (26 of 88 patients, 95 % CI 20. 0-39. 1) in group A, 35. 7 % (15 of 42, 21. 2-50. 2) in group B, and 61. 0 % (25 of 41, 46. 0-75. 9) in group C. Median PFS was 8. 2 months (95 % CI 7. 0-9. 6) in group A, 8. 2 months (5. 5-11. 7) in group B, and 16. 8 months (6. 0-26. 0) in group C. 45 (51 %) of 88 patients in group A stopped treatment for reasons other than progression compared with five (12 %) of 42 in group B and 15 (38 %) of 40 in group C. Grade 3 or worse adverse events were reported in 68 (77 %) of 88 patients in group A versus 25 (60 %) of 42 in group B and 28 (70 %) of 40 in group C. Serious adverse events were reported in 39 (44 %) of 88, 13 (31 %) of 42, and 18 (45 %) of 40 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. |
CONCLUSIONS | The toxicity of the temsirolimus and bevacizumab combination was much higher than anticipated and limited treatment continuation over time . | The toxicity of the temsirolimus and bevacizumab combination was much higher than anticipated and limited treatment continuation over time. |
CONCLUSIONS | Clinical activity was low compared with the benefit expected from sequential use of each targeted therapy . | Clinical activity was low compared with the benefit expected from sequential use of each targeted therapy. |
CONCLUSIONS | This combination can not be recommended for first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma . | This combination can not be recommended for first-line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. |
BACKGROUND | French Ministry of Health and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals . | French Ministry of Health and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. |
BACKGROUND | Wound pain is a serious problem for people with chronic wounds . | Wound pain is a serious problem for people with chronic wounds. |
BACKGROUND | The aim of this real-life study was to compare the effect of a foam dressing that releases ibuprofen ( Biatain Ibu ) with local best practice on the treatment of painful exuding wounds . | The aim of this real-life study was to compare the effect of a foam dressing that releases ibuprofen (Biatain Ibu) with local best practice on the treatment of painful exuding wounds. |
METHODS | A total of 185 patients with painful exuding wounds were randomized to either ibuprofen foam treatment ( n = 98 ) or local best practice ( n = 87 ) . | A total of 185 patients with painful exuding wounds were randomized to either ibuprofen foam treatment (n = 98) or local best practice (n = 87). |
METHODS | The primary endpoint was pain relief over 7 days of treatment , assessed daily using a 5-point verbal rating scale ( no relief , slight relief , moderate relief , lots of relief , and complete relief ) . | The primary endpoint was pain relief over 7 days of treatment, assessed daily using a 5-point verbal rating scale (no relief, slight relief, moderate relief, lots of relief, and complete relief). |
METHODS | Secondary endpoints included a total reduction in pain intensity for the whole study period ( using an 11-point Numeric Box Scale : 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain ) and incidence of adverse events ( AEs ) . | Secondary endpoints included a total reduction in pain intensity for the whole study period (using an 11-point Numeric Box Scale : 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain) and incidence of adverse events (AEs). |
RESULTS | More patients in the ibuprofen foam treatment group reported wound pain relief and lower wound pain intensity values after 7 days ( p < 0.0001 for both variables ) . | More patients in the ibuprofen foam treatment group reported wound pain relief and lower wound pain intensity values after 7 days (p < 0. 0001 for both variables). |
RESULTS | Within the four most common ulcer aetiolgies , patients reported significantly more effective pain relief with ibuprofen foam treatment ( venous : p = 0.009 , mixed arterial venous : p < 0.0001 , arterial : p = 0.0009 , and vasculitis : p = 0.009 ) . | Within the four most common ulcer aetiolgies, patients reported significantly more effective pain relief with ibuprofen foam treatment (venous : p = 0. 009, mixed arterial venous : p < 0. 0001, arterial : p = 0. 0009, and vasculitis : p = 0. 009). |
RESULTS | In all groups , patients from the ibuprofen foam group reported lower pain intensities . | In all groups, patients from the ibuprofen foam group reported lower pain intensities. |
RESULTS | The results were significant for patients with venous ( p < 0.002 ) and arterial ( p < 0.0001 ) leg ulcers . | The results were significant for patients with venous (p < 0. 002) and arterial (p < 0. 0001) leg ulcers. |
RESULTS | Two AEs were reported . | Two AEs were reported. |
CONCLUSIONS | The ibuprofen foam represents an effective and safe alternative to local best practice in the management of painful exuding wounds . | The ibuprofen foam represents an effective and safe alternative to local best practice in the management of painful exuding wounds. |
OBJECTIVE | To determine if a 6-month course of therapy with IMREG-1 , a leukocyte-derived immunomodulator , slows disease progression in patients with AIDS-related complex . | To determine if a 6-month course of therapy with IMREG-1, a leukocyte-derived immunomodulator, slows disease progression in patients with AIDS-related complex. |
METHODS | Randomized , double-blind trial . | Randomized, double-blind trial. |
METHODS | Five academic - and three community-based clinics . | Five academic - and three community-based clinics. |
METHODS | Immunocompromised patients ( 143 ) with HIV . | Immunocompromised patients (143) with HIV. |
METHODS | IMREG-1 or placebo every 2 weeks ( 13 doses ) . | IMREG-1 or placebo every 2 weeks (13 doses). |
RESULTS | Twelve of forty-eight patients on placebo and 5 of 95 patients on IMREG-1 experienced adverse events ( AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or neoplasm , wasting syndrome , HIV-associated encephalopathy , or peripheral sensory neuropathy ) . | Twelve of forty-eight patients on placebo and 5 of 95 patients on IMREG-1 experienced adverse events (AIDS-defining opportunistic infection or neoplasm, wasting syndrome, HIV-associated encephalopathy, or peripheral sensory neuropathy). |
RESULTS | Based on an intention-to-treat analysis , Kaplan-Meier event probabilities were 26 % for the placebo group and 6 % for the IMREG-1 group ( P less than 0.001 ) ; based on the Cox proportional hazards model , the relative risk for patients on placebo compared with patients on IMREG-1 was 5.1 ( 95 % CI , 1.8 to 14.8 ) . | Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, Kaplan-Meier event probabilities were 26 % for the placebo group and 6 % for the IMREG-1 group (P less than 0. 001) ; based on the Cox proportional hazards model, the relative risk for patients on placebo compared with patients on IMREG-1 was 5. 1 (95 % CI, 1. 8 to 14. 8). |
RESULTS | The frequency of symptoms significantly increased from baseline in patients receiving placebo . | The frequency of symptoms significantly increased from baseline in patients receiving placebo. |
RESULTS | The mean decrease in CD4 + cells from baseline was 80 x 10 ( 6 ) cells/L in the placebo group and 29 x 10 ( 6 ) cells/L in patients on IMREG-1 , with 20 % ( 8 ) and 38 % ( 32 ) of patients , respectively , showing a trend toward an increase ( P = 0.04 ) . | The mean decrease in CD4 + cells from baseline was 80 x 10 (6) cells/L in the placebo group and 29 x 10 (6) cells/L in patients on IMREG-1, with 20 % (8) and 38 % (32) of patients, respectively, showing a trend toward an increase (P = 0. 04). |
RESULTS | In patients receiving IMREG-1 , the size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses were larger than in the placebo group . | In patients receiving IMREG-1, the size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses were larger than in the placebo group. |
CONCLUSIONS | Patients with AIDS-related complex experienced fewer adverse events and constitutional symptoms after IMREG-1 treatment . | Patients with AIDS-related complex experienced fewer adverse events and constitutional symptoms after IMREG-1 treatment. |
CONCLUSIONS | The slower loss of CD4 + cells and increased size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses most likely reflect the effect of IMREG-1 on the immune system . | The slower loss of CD4 + cells and increased size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses most likely reflect the effect of IMREG-1 on the immune system. |
CONCLUSIONS | No toxicity related to IMREG-1 administration was observed . | No toxicity related to IMREG-1 administration was observed. |
BACKGROUND | Tracheal intubation in the lateral position is difficult because the laryngeal view is compromised during direct laryngoscopy . | Tracheal intubation in the lateral position is difficult because the laryngeal view is compromised during direct laryngoscopy. |
BACKGROUND | The Airway Scope facilitates intubation even when laryngeal views are poor with direct laryngoscopy , as they often are in the lateral position . | The Airway Scope facilitates intubation even when laryngeal views are poor with direct laryngoscopy, as they often are in the lateral position. |
BACKGROUND | We thus compared the efficacy of the Airway Scope in supine patients with those in the left - and right-lateral positions . | We thus compared the efficacy of the Airway Scope in supine patients with those in the left - and right-lateral positions. |
METHODS | Anesthetized adults were randomly assigned to supine , left-lateral , or right-lateral position ( n = 43 for each group ) . | Anesthetized adults were randomly assigned to supine, left-lateral, or right-lateral position (n = 43 for each group). |
METHODS | Laryngeal views were obtained in the designated position with a Macintosh laryngoscope , and patients ' tracheas were subsequently intubated with the Airway Scope . | Laryngeal views were obtained in the designated position with a Macintosh laryngoscope, and patients'tracheas were subsequently intubated with the Airway Scope. |
METHODS | Specifically , we tested the hypothesis that the time required for intubation in the left - and right-lateral positions is not increased by > 10 seconds compared with tracheal intubation in the supine position . | Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the time required for intubation in the left - and right-lateral positions is not increased by > 10 seconds compared with tracheal intubation in the supine position. |
RESULTS | Overall intubation success was 100 % in the 2 lateral positions , and 98 % in the supine position . | Overall intubation success was 100 % in the 2 lateral positions, and 98 % in the supine position. |
RESULTS | Intubation times were similar in the left-lateral ( 24 [ 5 ] seconds , mean [ SD ] ) , right-lateral ( 24 [ 6 ] seconds ) , and supine ( 22 [ 7 ] seconds ) positions . | Intubation times were similar in the left-lateral (24 [5] seconds, mean [SD]), right-lateral (24 [6] seconds), and supine (22 [7] seconds) positions. |
RESULTS | The numbers of required intubation attempts were similar in the 2 lateral positions and in the supine and left-lateral positions . | The numbers of required intubation attempts were similar in the 2 lateral positions and in the supine and left-lateral positions. |
RESULTS | However , more intubation attempts were required in the supine position than in the right-lateral position ( P = 0.004 ) . | However, more intubation attempts were required in the supine position than in the right-lateral position (P = 0. 004). |
RESULTS | The incidences of airway complications were similar in each position ; no hypoxia , dental injury , or esophageal intubation was observed . | The incidences of airway complications were similar in each position ; no hypoxia, dental injury, or esophageal intubation was observed. |
RESULTS | Modified Cormack-Lehane and the percentage of glottic opening scores obtained with the Macintosh laryngoscope did not differ between the 2 lateral positions , but the modified Cormack-Lehane and percentage of glottic opening scores were superior in the supine position ( all P < 0.001 ) compared with either of the lateral positions . | Modified Cormack-Lehane and the percentage of glottic opening scores obtained with the Macintosh laryngoscope did not differ between the 2 lateral positions, but the modified Cormack-Lehane and percentage of glottic opening scores were superior in the supine position (all P < 0. 001) compared with either of the lateral positions. |
CONCLUSIONS | Despite worse laryngoscopic views in either lateral position than when patients were supine , intubation with the Airway Scope offered high success rates . | Despite worse laryngoscopic views in either lateral position than when patients were supine, intubation with the Airway Scope offered high success rates. |
CONCLUSIONS | Furthermore , intubation time using the Airway Scope in either lateral position was not longer by > 10 seconds than in the supine position . | Furthermore, intubation time using the Airway Scope in either lateral position was not longer by > 10 seconds than in the supine position. |
CONCLUSIONS | The Airway Scope thus seems to be a useful tool when tracheal intubation is required in a laterally positioned patient . | The Airway Scope thus seems to be a useful tool when tracheal intubation is required in a laterally positioned patient. |
OBJECTIVE | To evaluate the effect of veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy ( CRRT ) on the plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines in severely burned patients with sepsis . | To evaluate the effect of veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the plasma levels of endotoxin and cytokines in severely burned patients with sepsis. |
METHODS | Twenty adult severely burned patients with sepsis were studied . | Twenty adult severely burned patients with sepsis were studied. |
METHODS | For the diagnosis of sepsis , patients were randomly divided into CRRT ( n = 10 ) and Control ( n = 10 ) . | For the diagnosis of sepsis, patients were randomly divided into CRRT (n = 10) and Control (n = 10). |
METHODS | Both groups received conventional therapy after admission . | Both groups received conventional therapy after admission. |
METHODS | Veno-venous CRRT was administered to 10 patients in the CRRT group whenever patients were determined to be septic . | Veno-venous CRRT was administered to 10 patients in the CRRT group whenever patients were determined to be septic. |
METHODS | The plasma level of endotoxin , TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 were measured at 0 , 1 , 2 , 6 , 12 , 36 and 60 h after CRRT initiation , and at 0 , 12 , 36 and 60 h after the patients were diagnosed as having sepsis in the Control group . | The plasma level of endotoxin, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 36 and 60 h after CRRT initiation, and at 0, 12, 36 and 60 h after the patients were diagnosed as having sepsis in the Control group. |
RESULTS | Plasma level of endotoxin and all the cytokines after CRRT initiation were significantly lower than those before the treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . | Plasma level of endotoxin and all the cytokines after CRRT initiation were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P < 0. 01). |
RESULTS | The serial change of endotoxin , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly lower at 12 , 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups ( P < 0.01 ) . | The serial change of endotoxin, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly lower at 12, 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups (P < 0. 01). |
RESULTS | A significant decrease in plasma TNF-alpha levels was seen at 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups ( P < 0.01 ) . | A significant decrease in plasma TNF-alpha levels was seen at 36 and 60 h after treatment compared with Control groups (P < 0. 01). |
CONCLUSIONS | Plasma endotoxin and cytokines ( TNF-alpha , IL-1 beta , IL-6 and IL-8 ) can be removed effectively with CRRT in severely burned patients with sepsis . | Plasma endotoxin and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8) can be removed effectively with CRRT in severely burned patients with sepsis. |
OBJECTIVE | To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection ( SFI ) on cellular immune in patients with mammary cancer ( MC ) after chemotherapy . | To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) on cellular immune in patients with mammary cancer (MC) after chemotherapy. |
METHODS | One hundred and ten patients with MC were randomly assigned to two groups . | One hundred and ten patients with MC were randomly assigned to two groups. |
METHODS | The 58 patients in the tested group were treated with SFI in cooperation with chemotherapy of CAF protocol ( Cyclophosphamide , Doxorubicin and Fluorouracil ) , while the 52 patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of the same protocol alone . | The 58 patients in the tested group were treated with SFI in cooperation with chemotherapy of CAF protocol (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Fluorouracil), while the 52 patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of the same protocol alone. |
METHODS | Changes of the patients ' quality of life ( QOF ) , adverse reaction that occurred , peripheral lymphocyte count and killing activity of single karyocyte before and after treatment between the two groups were compared . | Changes of the patients'quality of life (QOF), adverse reaction that occurred, peripheral lymphocyte count and killing activity of single karyocyte before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. |
RESULTS | Patients ' QOF elevating rate after treatment in the tested group and the control group was 34.5 % and 13.5 % respectively ; The lowering of peripheral blood cell count of WBC , platelet and lymphocyte as well as that of the killing activity of single peripheral karyocyte on various kinds of MC cells were all milder and recovery sooner than those in the control group . | Patients'QOF elevating rate after treatment in the tested group and the control group was 34. 5 % and 13. 5 % respectively ; The lowering of peripheral blood cell count of WBC, platelet and lymphocyte as well as that of the killing activity of single peripheral karyocyte on various kinds of MC cells were all milder and recovery sooner than those in the control group. |